commit cc002ebfbb1e91f2f5cf8fb93de90f17d1d284f6
Author: Dominik Meyer <dmeyer@hsu-hh.de>
Date:   Sun Aug 22 01:28:31 2021 +0200

    Squashed 'libs/json/' content from commit f42a74b8
    
    git-subtree-dir: libs/json
    git-subtree-split: f42a74b8f53cc308647123d49d33d1c8122e3f42

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b9e3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#AccessModifierOffset: 2
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments: false
+#AlignConsecutiveBitFields: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
+AlignConsecutiveMacros: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
+#AlignOperands: AlignAfterOperator
+AlignTrailingComments: true
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: false
+AllowAllConstructorInitializersOnNextLine: false
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+#AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Empty
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+#BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+BreakBeforeBraces: Custom # or Allman
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel: true
+  AfterClass: true
+  AfterControlStatement: Always
+  AfterEnum: true
+  AfterFunction: true
+  AfterNamespace: false
+  AfterStruct: true
+  AfterUnion: true
+  AfterExternBlock: false
+  BeforeCatch: true
+  BeforeElse: true
+  #BeforeLambdaBody: false
+  #BeforeWhile: false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: false
+  SplitEmptyRecord: false
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: false
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
+BreakStringLiterals: false
+ColumnLimit: 0
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 2
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+PointerAlignment: Left
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+IncludeBlocks: Preserve
+#IndentCaseBlocks: false
+IndentCaseLabels: true
+IndentGotoLabels: false
+IndentPPDirectives: BeforeHash
+IndentWidth: 4
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ReflowComments: false
+SortIncludes: true
+SortUsingDeclarations: true
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: false
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
+SpacesInAngles: false
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInConditionalStatement: false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard: c++11
+TabWidth: 4
+UseTab: Never
diff --git a/.clang-tidy b/.clang-tidy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a283359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clang-tidy
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Checks: '*,
+         -android-cloexec-fopen,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,
+         -fuchsia-default-arguments-calls,
+         -fuchsia-default-arguments-declarations,
+         -fuchsia-overloaded-operator,
+         -google-explicit-constructor,
+         -google-readability-function-size,
+         -google-runtime-int,
+         -google-runtime-references,
+         -hicpp-avoid-goto,
+         -hicpp-explicit-conversions,
+         -hicpp-function-size,
+         -hicpp-no-array-decay,
+         -hicpp-no-assembler,
+         -hicpp-signed-bitwise,
+         -hicpp-uppercase-literal-suffix,
+         -llvm-header-guard,
+         -llvm-include-order,
+         -llvmlibc-*,
+         -misc-no-recursion,
+         -misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
+         -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
+         -readability-function-size,
+         -readability-magic-numbers,
+         -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,
+         -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix'
+
+CheckOptions:
+  - key: hicpp-special-member-functions.AllowSoleDefaultDtor
+    value: 1
+
+WarningsAsErrors: '*'
+
+#HeaderFilterRegex: '.*nlohmann.*'
+HeaderFilterRegex: '.*hpp$'
diff --git a/.drone.yml b/.drone.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cdefe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.drone.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+kind: pipeline
+name: test-on-arm64
+
+platform:
+  arch: arm64
+
+steps:
+- name: build
+  image: gcc
+  commands:
+  - wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.20.2/cmake-3.20.2.tar.gz
+  - tar xfz cmake-3.20.2.tar.gz
+  - cd cmake-3.20.2
+  - ./configure
+  - make cmake ctest -j10
+  - cd ..
+  - mkdir build
+  - cd build
+  - ../cmake-3.20.2/bin/cmake .. -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+  - make -j10
+  - cd test
+  - ../../cmake-3.20.2/bin/ctest -j10
diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d5ee04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# JSON for Modern C++ has been originally written by Niels Lohmann.
+# Since 2013 over 140 contributors have helped to improve the library.
+# This CODEOWNERS file is only to make sure that @nlohmann is requested
+# for a code review in case of a pull request.
+
+* @nlohmann
diff --git a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9c0b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+[![Issue Stats](http://issuestats.com/github/nlohmann/json/badge/pr?style=flat)](http://issuestats.com/github/nlohmann/json) [![Issue Stats](http://issuestats.com/github/nlohmann/json/badge/issue?style=flat)](http://issuestats.com/github/nlohmann/json)
+
+# How to contribute
+
+This project started as a little excuse to exercise some of the cool new C++11 features. Over time, people actually started to use the JSON library (yey!) and started to help improve it by proposing features, finding bugs, or even fixing my mistakes. I am really [thankful](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#thanks) for this and try to keep track of all the helpers.
+
+To make it as easy as possible for you to contribute and for me to keep an overview, here are a few guidelines which should help us avoid all kinds of unnecessary work or disappointment. And of course, this document is subject to discussion, so please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose) or a pull request if you find a way to improve it!
+
+## Private reports
+
+Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues). If you want to make a private report (e.g., for a vulnerability or to attach an example that is not meant to be published), please send an email to <mail@nlohmann.me>.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+Please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose), assuming one does not already exist, and describe your concern. Note you need a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free) for this.
+
+## Describe your issue
+
+Clearly describe the issue:
+
+- If it is a bug, please describe how to **reproduce** it. If possible, attach a complete example which demonstrates the error. Please also state what you **expected** to happen instead of the error.
+- If you propose a change or addition, try to give an **example** how the improved code could look like or how to use it.
+- If you found a compilation error, please tell us which **compiler** (version and operating system) you used and paste the (relevant part of) the error messages to the ticket.
+
+Please stick to the provided issue templates ([bug report](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md), [feature request](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Feature_request.md), or [question](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md)) if possible.
+
+## Files to change
+
+:exclamation: Before you make any changes, note the single-header file [`single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp) is **generated** from the source files in the [`include/nlohmann` directory](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann). Please **do not** edit file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp` directly, but change the `include/nlohmann` sources and regenerate file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp` by executing `make amalgamate`.
+
+To make changes, you need to edit the following files:
+
+1. [`include/nlohmann/*`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann) - These files are the sources of the library. Before testing or creating a pull request, execute `make amalgamate` to regenerate `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`.
+
+2. [`test/src/unit-*.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) - These files contain the [doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest) unit tests which currently cover [100 %](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) of the library's code.
+
+   If you add or change a feature, please also add a unit test to this file. The unit tests can be compiled and executed with
+
+   ```sh
+   $ mkdir build
+   $ cd build
+   $ cmake ..
+   $ cmake --build .
+   $ ctest
+   ```
+
+   The test cases are also executed with several different compilers on [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) once you open a pull request.
+
+
+## Note
+
+- If you open a pull request, the code will be automatically tested with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org)'s Memcheck tool to detect memory leaks. Please be aware that the execution with Valgrind _may_ in rare cases yield different behavior than running the code directly. This can result in failing unit tests which run successfully without Valgrind.
+- There is a Makefile target `make pretty` which runs [Artistic Style](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) to fix indentation. If possible, run it before opening the pull request. Otherwise, we shall run it afterward.
+
+## Please don't
+
+- The C++11 support varies between different **compilers** and versions. Please note the [list of supported compilers](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#supported-compilers). Some compilers like GCC 4.7 (and earlier), Clang 3.3 (and earlier), or Microsoft Visual Studio 13.0 and earlier are known not to work due to missing or incomplete C++11 support. Please refrain from proposing changes that work around these compiler's limitations with `#ifdef`s or other means.
+- Specifically, I am aware of compilation problems with **Microsoft Visual Studio** (there even is an [issue label](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?utf8=✓&q=label%3A%22visual+studio%22+) for these kind of bugs). I understand that even in 2016, complete C++11 support isn't there yet. But please also understand that I do not want to drop features or uglify the code just to make Microsoft's sub-standard compiler happy. The past has shown that there are ways to express the functionality such that the code compiles with the most recent MSVC - unfortunately, this is not the main objective of the project.
+- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](https://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
+  - We shall not extend the library to **support comments**. There is quite some [controversy](https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/4v6chu/why_json_doesnt_support_comments_douglas_crockford/) around this topic, and there were quite some [issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/376) on this. We believe that JSON is fine without comments.
+  - We do not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. The [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs". To this end, this library does not preserve insertion order of name/value pairs. (In fact, keys will be traversed in alphabetical order as `std::map` with `std::less` is used by default.) Note this behavior conforms to the standard, and we shall not change it to any other order. If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can specialize the object type with containers like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map).
+
+- Please do not open pull requests that address **multiple issues**.
+
+## Wanted
+
+The following areas really need contribution:
+
+- Extending the **continuous integration** toward more exotic compilers such as Android NDK, Intel's Compiler, or the bleeding-edge versions Clang.
+- Improving the efficiency of the **JSON parser**. The current parser is implemented as a naive recursive descent parser with hand coded string handling. More sophisticated approaches like LALR parsers would be really appreciated. That said, parser generators like Bison or ANTLR do not play nice with single-header files -- I really would like to keep the parser inside the `json.hpp` header, and I am not aware of approaches similar to [`re2c`](http://re2c.org) for parsing.
+- Extending and updating existing **benchmarks** to include (the most recent version of) this library. Though efficiency is not everything, speed and memory consumption are very important characteristics for C++ developers, so having proper comparisons would be interesting.
diff --git a/.github/FUNDING.yml b/.github/FUNDING.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6c972e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+github: nlohmann
+custom: http://paypal.me/nlohmann
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9655bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: ''
+labels: 'kind: bug'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!-- Provide a concise summary of the issue in the title above. -->
+
+#### What is the issue you have?
+
+<!-- Provide a detailed introduction to the issue itself, and why you consider it to be a bug. -->
+<!-- If possible, be specific and add stack traces, error messages, etc. Avoid vague terms like "crash" or "doesn't work". -->
+
+#### Please describe the steps to reproduce the issue.
+
+<!-- Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to -->
+<!-- reproduce this bug. Include code to reproduce, if relevant -->
+
+1.
+2.
+3.
+
+#### Can you provide a small but working code example?
+
+<!-- Please understand that we cannot analyze and debug large code bases. -->
+
+#### What is the expected behavior?
+
+<!-- Tell us what should happen -->
+
+#### And what is the actual behavior instead?
+
+<!-- Tell us what happens instead. -->
+
+#### Which compiler and operating system are you using?
+
+<!-- Include as many relevant details about the environment you experienced the bug in. -->
+<!-- Make sure you use a supported compiler, see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers. -->
+
+- Compiler: ___
+- Operating system: ___
+
+#### Which version of the library did you use?
+
+<!-- Please add an `x` to the respective line. -->
+
+- [ ] latest release version 3.10.0
+- [ ] other release - please state the version: ___
+- [ ] the `develop` branch
+
+#### If you experience a compilation error: can you [compile and run the unit tests](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#execute-unit-tests)?
+
+- [ ] yes
+- [ ] no - please copy/paste the error message below
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e96633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Ask a question
+    url: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions
+    about: Ask questions and discuss with other community members
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f303a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[Describe your pull request here. Please read the text below the line, and make sure you follow the checklist.]
+
+* * *
+
+## Pull request checklist
+
+Read the [Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) for detailed information.
+
+- [ ]  Changes are described in the pull request, or an [existing issue is referenced](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues).
+- [ ]  The test suite [compiles and runs](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md#execute-unit-tests) without error.
+- [ ]  [Code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) is 100%. Test cases can be added by editing the [test suite](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src).
+- [ ]  The source code is amalgamated; that is, after making changes to the sources in the `include/nlohmann` directory, run `make amalgamate` to create the single-header file `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`. The whole process is described [here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#files-to-change).
+
+## Please don't
+
+- The C++11 support varies between different **compilers** and versions. Please note the [list of supported compilers](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#supported-compilers). Some compilers like GCC 4.7 (and earlier), Clang 3.3 (and earlier), or Microsoft Visual Studio 13.0 and earlier are known not to work due to missing or incomplete C++11 support. Please refrain from proposing changes that work around these compiler's limitations with `#ifdef`s or other means.
+- Specifically, I am aware of compilation problems with **Microsoft Visual Studio** (there even is an [issue label](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?utf8=✓&q=label%3A%22visual+studio%22+) for these kind of bugs). I understand that even in 2016, complete C++11 support isn't there yet. But please also understand that I do not want to drop features or uglify the code just to make Microsoft's sub-standard compiler happy. The past has shown that there are ways to express the functionality such that the code compiles with the most recent MSVC - unfortunately, this is not the main objective of the project.
+- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](https://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
+- Please do not open pull requests that address **multiple issues**.
diff --git a/.github/SECURITY.md b/.github/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d010eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues). If you want to make a private report (e.g., for a vulnerability or to attach an example that is not meant to be published), please send an email to <mail@nlohmann.me>. You can use [this key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc?fingerprint=797167ae41c0a6d9232e48457f3cea63ae251b69) for encryption.
diff --git a/.github/config.yml b/.github/config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a8f41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Configuration for sentiment-bot - https://github.com/behaviorbot/sentiment-bot
+
+# *Required* toxicity threshold between 0 and .99 with the higher numbers being the most toxic
+# Anything higher than this threshold will be marked as toxic and commented on
+sentimentBotToxicityThreshold: .7
+
+# *Required* Comment to reply with
+sentimentBotReplyComment: >
+  Please be sure to review the [code of conduct](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) and be respectful of other users. cc/ @nlohmann
+
+
+# Configuration for request-info - https://github.com/behaviorbot/request-info
+
+# *Required* Comment to reply with
+requestInfoReplyComment: >
+  We would appreciate it if you could provide us with more info about this issue or pull request! Please check the [issue template](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md) and the [pull request template](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
+
+# *OPTIONAL* Label to be added to Issues and Pull Requests with insufficient information given
+requestInfoLabelToAdd: "state: needs more info"
diff --git a/.github/stale.yml b/.github/stale.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d30c78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/stale.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
+daysUntilStale: 30
+# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
+daysUntilClose: 7
+# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
+exemptLabels:
+  - pinned
+  - security
+# Label to use when marking an issue as stale
+staleLabel: "state: stale"
+# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
+markComment: >
+  This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
+  recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
+  for your contributions.
+# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
+closeComment: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20275fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - master
+      - release/*
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 19 * * 1'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+        fetch-depth: 2
+
+    # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+    # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+    - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+      # with:
+      #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos.yml b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f653e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+name: macOS
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - master
+      - release/*
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  xcode:
+    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        xcode: [12.4, 12.3, 12.2, 12.1.1, 12.1, 12, 11.7, 11.6, 11.5, 11.4.1, 11.3.1, 11.2.1, 10.3]
+    env:
+      DEVELOPER_DIR: /Applications/Xcode_${{ matrix.xcode }}.app/Contents/Developer
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+      - name: test
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 --output-on-failure
+
+  xcode_standards:
+    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20]
+    env:
+      DEVELOPER_DIR: /Applications/Xcode_12.4.app/Contents/Developer
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.standard }} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+      - name: test
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b29604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+name: Ubuntu
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - master
+      - release/*
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  ci_test_clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: install_ninja
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install ninja-build
+        shell: bash
+      - name: install_clang
+        run: |
+          wget https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh
+          chmod +x llvm.sh
+          sudo ./llvm.sh 11
+          sudo apt-get install clang-tools-11
+        shell: bash
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_clang
+
+  ci_test_gcc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_gcc
+
+  ci_static_analysis:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target: [ci_clang_tidy, ci_cppcheck, ci_test_valgrind, ci_test_clang_sanitizer, ci_test_amalgamation, ci_clang_analyze, ci_cpplint, ci_cmake_flags, ci_single_binaries, ci_reproducible_tests, ci_non_git_tests, ci_offline_testdata, ci_infer]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  ci_cmake_options:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target: [ci_test_diagnostics, ci_test_noexceptions, ci_test_noimplicitconversions]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  ci_test_coverage:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_coverage
+      - name: archive coverage report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: code-coverage-report
+          path: /__w/json/json/build/html
+      - name: Coveralls
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@master
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          path-to-lcov: /__w/json/json/build/json.info.filtered.noexcept
+
+  ci_test_compilers:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        compiler: [g++-4.8, g++-4.9, g++-5, g++-7, g++-8, g++-9, g++-10, clang++-3.5, clang++-3.6, clang++-3.7, clang++-3.8, clang++-3.9, clang++-4.0, clang++-5.0, clang++-6.0, clang++-7, clang++-8, clang++-9, clang++-10, clang++-11]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_${{ matrix.compiler }}
+
+  ci_test_standards:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: nlohmann/json-ci:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20]
+        compiler: [gcc, clang]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_${{ matrix.compiler }}_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4820be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+name: Windows
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+      - master
+      - release/*
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  mingw:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        architecture: [x64, x86]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Set up MinGW
+        uses: egor-tensin/setup-mingw@v2
+        with:
+          platform: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+      - name: test
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --output-on-failure
+
+  msvc2017:
+    runs-on: windows-2016
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        build_type: [Debug, Release]
+        architecture: [Win32, x64]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="/STACK:4000000" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/W4 /WX"
+      if: matrix.build_type == 'Release' && matrix.architecture == 'x64'
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/W4 /WX"
+      if: matrix.build_type == 'Release' && matrix.architecture != 'x64'
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DJSON_FastTests=ON -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="/STACK:4000000" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/W4 /WX"
+      if: matrix.build_type == 'Debug'
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C ${{ matrix.build_type }} --output-on-failure
+
+  msvc2017_latest:
+    runs-on: windows-2016
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8 /W4 /WX"
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Release --output-on-failure
+
+  msvc2019:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        build_type: [Debug, Release]
+        architecture: [Win32, x64]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/W4 /WX"
+      if: matrix.build_type == 'Release'
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DJSON_FastTests=ON -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="/STACK:4000000" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/W4 /WX"
+      if: matrix.build_type == 'Debug'
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C ${{ matrix.build_type }} --output-on-failure
+
+  msvc2019_latest:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -DJSON_BuildTests=On -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8 /W4 /WX" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="/STACK:4000000"
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Release --output-on-failure
+
+  clang:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        version: [11, 12]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: install Clang
+        run: curl -fsSL -o LLVM${{ matrix.version }}.exe https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-${{ matrix.version }}.0.0/LLVM-${{ matrix.version }}.0.0-win64.exe ; 7z x LLVM${{ matrix.version }}.exe -y -o"C:/Program Files/LLVM"
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="C:/Program Files/LLVM/bin/clang++.exe" -G"MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+      - name: test
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+
+  clang-cl-11:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        architecture: [Win32, x64]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: cmake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A ${{ matrix.architecture }} -T ClangCL -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build --config Debug --parallel 10
+      - name: test
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf938c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+json_unit
+json_benchmarks
+json_benchmarks_simple
+fuzz-testing
+
+*.dSYM
+*.o
+*.gcno
+*.gcda
+
+build
+build_coverage
+clang_analyze_build
+
+doc/xml
+doc/html
+me.nlohmann.json.docset
+
+benchmarks/files/numbers/*.json
+
+.wsjcpp-logs/*
+.wsjcpp/*
+
+.idea
+/cmake-build-*
+
+test/test-*
+/.vs
+
+doc/mkdocs/venv/
+doc/mkdocs/docs/images
+doc/mkdocs/docs/examples
+doc/mkdocs/site
+doc/mkdocs/docs/__pycache__/
+doc/xml
+/doc/docset/nlohmann_json.docset/
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e20b446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#########################
+# project configuration #
+#########################
+
+# C++ project
+language: cpp
+
+dist: trusty
+sudo: required
+group: edge
+
+
+################
+# build matrix #
+################
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+
+  # Coverity (only for branch coverity_scan)
+
+  - os: linux
+    compiler: clang
+    before_install: echo -n | openssl s_client -connect scan.coverity.com:443 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' | sudo tee -a /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-precise-3.6']
+        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-3.6', 'ninja-build']
+      coverity_scan:
+        project:
+          name: "nlohmann/json"
+          description: "Build submitted via Travis CI"
+        notification_email: niels.lohmann@gmail.com
+        build_command_prepend: "mkdir coverity_build ; cd coverity_build ; cmake .. ; cd .."
+        build_command: "make -C coverity_build"
+        branch_pattern: coverity_scan
+    env:
+      - SPECIAL=coverity
+      - COMPILER=clang++-3.6
+        # The next declaration is the encrypted COVERITY_SCAN_TOKEN, created
+        #   via the "travis encrypt" command using the project repo's public key
+      - secure: "m89SSgE+ASLO38rSKx7MTXK3n5NkP9bIx95jwY71YEiuFzib30PDJ/DifKnXxBjvy/AkCGztErQRk/8ZCvq+4HXozU2knEGnL/RUitvlwbhzfh2D4lmS3BvWBGS3N3NewoPBrRmdcvnT0xjOGXxtZaJ3P74TkB9GBnlz/HmKORA="
+
+  # OSX / Clang
+
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode10.2
+
+  # Linux / GCC
+
+  - os: linux
+    compiler: gcc
+    env: COMPILER=g++-6
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
+        packages: ['g++-6', 'ninja-build']
+
+################
+# build script #
+################
+
+script:
+  # get CMake and Ninja (only for systems with brew - macOS)
+  - |
+     if [[ (-x $(which brew)) ]]; then
+       brew update
+       brew install cmake ninja
+       brew upgrade cmake
+       cmake --version
+     fi
+
+  # make sure CXX is correctly set
+  - if [[ "${COMPILER}" != "" ]]; then export CXX=${COMPILER}; fi
+
+  # append CXX_STANDARD to CMAKE_OPTIONS if required
+  - CMAKE_OPTIONS+=${CXX_STANDARD:+ -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CXX_STANDARD -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON}
+
+  # build configuration
+  - CMAKE_OPTIONS+=" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release"
+
+  # compile and execute unit tests
+  - mkdir -p build && cd build
+  - cmake .. ${CMAKE_OPTIONS} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -GNinja && cmake --build .
+  - ctest --timeout 2700 -V -j
+  - cd ..
+
+  # check if homebrew works (only checks develop branch)   
+  - if [ `which brew` ]; then   
+    brew update ;   
+    brew tap nlohmann/json ;    
+    brew install nlohmann_json --HEAD ;    
+    brew test nlohmann_json ;    
+    fi
diff --git a/CITATION.cff b/CITATION.cff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..061d525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CITATION.cff
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cff-version: 1.1.0
+message: "If you use this software, please cite it as below."
+authors: 
+  - family-names: Lohmann
+    given-names: Niels
+    orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-795X
+    email: mail@nlohmann.me
+    website: https://nlohmann.me
+title: "JSON for Modern C++"
+version: 3.10.0
+date-released: 2021
+license: MIT
+repository-code: "https://github.com/nlohmann"
+url: https://json.nlohmann.me
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d0a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+
+##
+## PROJECT
+## name and version
+##
+project(nlohmann_json VERSION 3.10.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+##
+## MAIN_PROJECT CHECK
+## determine if nlohmann_json is built as a subproject (using add_subdirectory) or if it is the main project
+##
+set(MAIN_PROJECT OFF)
+if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
+    set(MAIN_PROJECT ON)
+endif()
+
+##
+## INCLUDE
+##
+##
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+##
+## OPTIONS
+##
+
+if (POLICY CMP0077)
+    # Allow CMake 3.13+ to override options when using FetchContent / add_subdirectory.
+    cmake_policy(SET CMP0077 NEW)
+endif ()
+
+option(JSON_BuildTests          "Build the unit tests when BUILD_TESTING is enabled." ${MAIN_PROJECT})
+option(JSON_CI                  "Enable CI build targets." OFF)
+option(JSON_Diagnostics         "Use extended diagnostic messages." OFF)
+option(JSON_ImplicitConversions "Enable implicit conversions." ON)
+option(JSON_Install             "Install CMake targets during install step." ${MAIN_PROJECT})
+option(JSON_MultipleHeaders     "Use non-amalgamated version of the library." OFF)
+option(JSON_SystemInclude       "Include as system headers (skip for clang-tidy)." OFF)
+
+if (JSON_CI)
+    include(cmake/ci.cmake)
+endif ()
+
+##
+## CONFIGURATION
+##
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME               ${PROJECT_NAME})
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR        "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR       "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME       "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_TEMPLATE     "cmake/config.cmake.in")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR          "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE "${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE "${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_TARGETS_FILE "${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Targets.cmake")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_PKGCONFIG_INSTALL_DIR     "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig")
+
+if (JSON_MultipleHeaders)
+    set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/")
+    message(STATUS "Using the multi-header code from ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}")
+else()
+    set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/")
+    message(STATUS "Using the single-header code from ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}")
+endif()
+
+if (NOT JSON_ImplicitConversions)
+    message(STATUS "Implicit conversions are disabled")
+endif()
+
+if (JSON_Diagnostics)
+    message(STATUS "Diagnostics enabled")
+endif()
+
+if (JSON_SystemInclude)
+    set(NLOHMANN_JSON_SYSTEM_INCLUDE "SYSTEM")
+endif()
+
+##
+## TARGET
+## create target and add include path
+##
+add_library(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE)
+add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}::${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} ALIAS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "3.8.0")
+    target_compile_features(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE cxx_range_for)
+else()
+    target_compile_features(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
+endif()
+
+target_compile_definitions(
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+    INTERFACE
+    JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS=$<BOOL:${JSON_ImplicitConversions}>
+    JSON_DIAGNOSTICS=$<BOOL:${JSON_Diagnostics}>
+)
+
+target_include_directories(
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_SYSTEM_INCLUDE} INTERFACE
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}>
+    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
+)
+
+## add debug view definition file for msvc (natvis)
+if (MSVC)
+    set(NLOHMANN_ADD_NATVIS TRUE)
+    set(NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE "nlohmann_json.natvis")
+    target_sources(
+        ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        INTERFACE
+            $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}>
+            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}>
+    )
+endif()
+
+# Install a pkg-config file, so other tools can find this.
+CONFIGURE_FILE(
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/pkg-config.pc.in"
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
+)
+
+##
+## TESTS
+## create and configure the unit test target
+##
+if (JSON_BuildTests)
+    include(CTest)
+    enable_testing()
+    add_subdirectory(test)
+endif()
+
+##
+## INSTALL
+## install header files, generate and install cmake config files for find_package()
+##
+include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+# use a custom package version config file instead of
+# write_basic_package_version_file to ensure that it's architecture-independent
+# https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1697
+configure_file(
+    "cmake/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake.in"
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}
+    @ONLY
+)
+configure_file(
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_TEMPLATE}
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE}
+    @ONLY
+)
+
+if(JSON_Install)
+    install(
+        DIRECTORY ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    install(
+        FILES ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE} ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    if (NLOHMANN_ADD_NATVIS)
+        install(
+            FILES ${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}
+            DESTINATION .
+    )
+    endif()
+    export(
+        TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
+        FILE ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_TARGETS_FILE}
+    )
+    install(
+        TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
+        INCLUDES DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    install(
+        EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
+        NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    install(
+        FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.pc"
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_PKGCONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+endif()
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..770b817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of experience, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment include:
+
+* Using welcoming and inclusive language
+* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
+* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
+* Focusing on what is best for the community
+* Showing empathy towards other community members
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or advances
+* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic address, without explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
+
+## Our Responsibilities
+
+Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by contacting the project team at mail@nlohmann.me. The project team will review and investigate all complaints, and will respond in a way that it deems appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident. Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other members of the project's leadership.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4, available at [http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4][version]
+
+[homepage]: http://contributor-covenant.org
+[version]: http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/
diff --git a/ChangeLog.md b/ChangeLog.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..287fe9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ChangeLog.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2575 @@
+# Changelog
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## [v3.10.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.10.0) (2021-08-17)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.9.1...v3.10.0)
+
+- Latest version 3.9.1 uses throw instead of JSON\_THROW in the amalgamated json.hpp file [\#2934](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2934)
+- Copy to a variable inside a Structure [\#2933](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2933)
+- warning C4068: unknown pragma 'GCC' on MSVC/cl [\#2924](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2924)
+- Errors during ninja test [\#2918](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2918)
+- compiler warning: "not return a value" [\#2917](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2917)
+- Comparison floating points causes warning [\#2909](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2909)
+- Why can't I have std::vector\<json&\> testList? [\#2900](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2900)
+- \[json.hpp\] from releases doesnt work [\#2897](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2897)
+- g++ \(11\) -Wuseless-cast gives lots of warnings [\#2893](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2893)
+- Cannot serialize and immediatly deserialize json to/from bson [\#2892](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2892)
+- Floating-point precision conversion error [\#2876](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2876)
+- How to avoid escaping for an already escaped string in .dump\(\) [\#2870](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2870)
+- can't parse std::vector\<std::byte\> [\#2869](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2869)
+- ASAN detects memory leaks [\#2865](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2865)
+- Binary subtype field cannot represent all CBOR tags [\#2863](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2863)
+- string literals possibly being parsed as another type due to the presence of only digits and full-stops [\#2852](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2852)
+- json::parse\(\) works only with absolute paths [\#2851](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2851)
+- Compiler Warnings on Raspberry Pi OS [\#2850](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2850)
+- Braced initialization and aggregate initialization behavior is different for `json::array()` function call. [\#2848](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2848)
+- 3.9.1: test suite is failing [\#2845](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2845)
+- Documentation for macro JSON\_NO\_IO is missing [\#2842](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2842)
+- Assertion failure when inserting into arrays with JSON\_DIAGNOSTICS set [\#2838](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2838)
+- HELP! There is a memory leak in the code?! [\#2837](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2837)
+- Elegant conversion of a 2-D-json array to a standard C++ array [\#2805](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2805)
+- Swift Package Manager support [\#2802](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2802)
+- Referencing a subkey which doesn't exist gives crash [\#2797](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2797)
+- Failed benchmark due to renamed branch [\#2796](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2796)
+- Build Errors with VS 2019 and json Version 3.9.1 when attempting to replicate SAX Example [\#2782](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2782)
+- Value with spaces cannot be parsed [\#2781](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2781)
+- \[Question\] CBOR rfc support. [\#2779](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2779)
+- Using JSON.hpp header file in Visual Studio 2013 \(C++ Project\) [\#2775](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2775)
+- compilation error on clang-8 + C++17 [\#2759](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2759)
+- Undefined symbol EOF  [\#2755](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2755)
+- Parsing a string into json object behaves differently under g++ and MinGW compilers. [\#2746](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2746)
+- big git history size [\#2742](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2742)
+- How to get reference of std::vector\<T\> [\#2735](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2735)
+- CMake failure in VS2019 Community [\#2734](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2734)
+- Possibility to use with custom c++ version to use in intel sgx enclaves [\#2730](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2730)
+- Possibility to use without the dependency to file io and streams to use in intel sgx enclaves [\#2728](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2728)
+- error C2784& error C2839... in my visual studio 2015 compiler [\#2726](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2726)
+- `-fno-expection` not respected anymore in 3.9.1 [\#2725](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2725)
+- When exceptions disabled with JSON\_NOEXCEPTION, lib just aborts without any message [\#2724](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2724)
+- Critical error detected c0000374 on windows10 msvc 2019 16.8.5 [\#2710](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2710)
+- unused parameter error/warning [\#2706](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2706)
+- How to store data into a Map from json file [\#2691](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2691)
+- Tests do not compile with pre-release glibc [\#2686](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2686)
+- compile errors .... chromium-style [\#2680](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2680)
+- .dump\(\) not allowing compact form [\#2678](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2678)
+- error: no matching function for call to ‘nlohmann::basic\_json\<\>::value\(int, std::set\<int\>&\)’ [\#2671](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2671)
+- Compiler warning: unused parameter [\#2668](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2668)
+- Deserializing to a struct as shown on the project homepage throws compile time errors [\#2665](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2665)
+- Unable to compile on MSVC 2019 with SDL checking enabled: This function or variable may be unsafe [\#2664](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2664)
+- terminating with uncaught exception of type nlohmann::detail::type\_error: \[json.exception.type\_error.302\] type must be array, but is object [\#2661](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2661)
+- unused-parameter on OSX when Diagnostics is off [\#2658](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2658)
+- std::pair wrong serialization [\#2655](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2655)
+- The result of json is\_number\_integer\(\) function is wrong when read a json file  [\#2653](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2653)
+- 2 backslash cause problem [\#2652](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2652)
+- No support for using an external/system copy of Hedley [\#2651](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2651)
+- error: incomplete type 'qfloat16' used in type trait expression [\#2650](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2650)
+- Unused variable in exception class when not using improved diagnostics [\#2646](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2646)
+- I am trying to do this - converting from wstring works incorrectly! [\#2642](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2642)
+- Exception 207 On ARM Processor During Literal String Parsing [\#2634](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2634)
+- double free or corruption \(!prev\) error on Json push\_back and write [\#2632](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2632)
+- nlohmann::detail::parse\_error: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification \(0x60-0x7B\) or indefinite string type \(0x7F\) [\#2629](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2629)
+- please allow disabling implicit conversions in non-single-file use [\#2621](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2621)
+- Preserve decimal formatting [\#2618](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2618)
+- Visual Studio Visual Assist code issues reported by VA code inspection of file json.hpp [\#2615](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2615)
+- Missing get function and no viable overloaded '=' on mac [\#2610](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2610)
+- corruption when parse from string [\#2603](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2603)
+- Parse from byte-vector results in compile error [\#2602](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2602)
+- Memory leak when working on ARM Linux [\#2601](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2601)
+- Unhandled exception in test-cbor.exe Stack overflow when debugging project with Visual Studio 2019 16.7.7 compiled with c++17 or c++latest [\#2598](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2598)
+- Error in download\_test\_data.vcxproj when compiling with Visual Studio 2019 16.7.7 Professional msbuild on Windows 10 2004 Professional [\#2594](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2594)
+- Warnings  C4715 and C4127 when building json-3.9.1 with Visual Studio 2019 16.7.7 [\#2592](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2592)
+- I tried some change to dump\(\) for \[1,2,3...\] [\#2584](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2584)
+- try/catch block does not catch parsing error [\#2579](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2579)
+- Serializing uint64\_t is broken for large values [\#2578](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2578)
+- deserializing arrays should be part of the library [\#2575](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2575)
+- Deserialization to std::array with non-default constructable types fails [\#2574](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2574)
+- Compilation error when trying to use same type for number\_integer\_t and number\_unsigned\_t in basic\_json template specification. [\#2573](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2573)
+- compiler error: directive output may be truncated writing between 2 and 8 bytes [\#2572](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2572)
+- Incorrect convert map to json when key cannot construct an string i.e. int  [\#2564](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2564)
+- no matching function for call to ‘nlohmann::basic\_json\<\>::basic\_json\(\<brace-enclosed initializer list\>\)’ [\#2559](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2559)
+- type\_error factory creates a dangling pointer \(in VisualStudio 2019\) [\#2535](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2535)
+- Cannot assign from ordered\_json vector\<CustomStruct\> to value in not ordered json [\#2528](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2528)
+- Qt6: Break changes [\#2519](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2519)
+- valgrind memcheck Illegal instruction when use nlohmann::json::parse [\#2518](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2518)
+- Buffer overflow [\#2515](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2515)
+- Including CTest in the top-level CMakeLists.txt sets BUILD\_TESTING=ON for parent projects [\#2513](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2513)
+- Compilation error when using NLOHMANN\_JSON\_SERIALIZE\_ENUM ordered\_json on libc++ [\#2491](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2491)
+- Missing "void insert\( InputIt first, InputIt last \);" overload in nlohmann::ordered\_map [\#2490](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2490)
+- Could not find a package configuration file provided by "nlohmann\_json" [\#2482](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2482)
+- json becomes empty for unknown reason [\#2470](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2470)
+- Using std::wstring as StringType fails compiling [\#2459](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2459)
+- Sample code in GIF slide outdated \(cannot use emplace\(\) with array\) [\#2457](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2457)
+- from\_json\<std::wstring\> is treated as an array on latest MSVC [\#2453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2453)
+- MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value [\#2449](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2449)
+- I need help [\#2441](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2441)
+- type conversion failing with clang ext\_vector\_type  [\#2436](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2436)
+- json::parse\(\) can't be resolved under specific circumstances [\#2427](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2427)
+- from\_\*\(ptr, len\) deprecation [\#2426](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2426)
+- Error ONLY in release mode [\#2425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2425)
+- "Custom data source" exemple make no sense [\#2423](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2423)
+- Compile errors [\#2421](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2421)
+- Refuses to compile in project [\#2419](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2419)
+- Compilation failure of tests with C++20 standard \(caused by change of u8 literals\)  [\#2413](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2413)
+- No matching function for call to 'input\_adapter' under Xcode of with nlohmann version 3.9.1 [\#2412](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2412)
+- Git tags are not valid semvers [\#2409](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2409)
+- after dump, stderr output disappear [\#2403](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2403)
+- Using custom string. [\#2398](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2398)
+- value\(\) throws unhandled exception for partially specified json object [\#2393](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2393)
+- assertion on runtime causes program to stop when accessing const json with missing key [\#2392](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2392)
+- Usage with -fno-elide-constructors causes dump\(\) output to be array of `null`s [\#2387](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2387)
+- Build fails with clang-cl due to override of CMAKE\_CXX\_COMPILER\(?\) [\#2384](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2384)
+- std::optional not working with primitive types [\#2383](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2383)
+- Unexpected array when initializing a json const& on gcc 4.8.5 using uniform syntax [\#2370](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2370)
+- setprecision support [\#2362](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2362)
+- json::parse\(allow\_exceptions = false\) documentation is misleading. [\#2360](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2360)
+- std::begin and std::end usage without specifying std namespace [\#2359](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2359)
+- Custom object conversion to json hangs in background thread [\#2358](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2358)
+- Add support of nullable fields to NLOHMANN\_DEFINE\_TYPE\_NON\_INTRUSIVE and NLOHMANN\_DEFINE\_TYPE\_INTRUSIVE [\#2356](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2356)
+- the portfile for the vcpkg is not working. [\#2351](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2351)
+- Compiler warns of implicit fallthrough when defining preprocessor macro NDEBUG [\#2348](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2348)
+- Compile error on Intel compiler running in Windows [\#2346](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2346)
+- Build error caused by overwriting CMAKE\_CXX\_COMPILER [\#2343](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2343)
+- Error: an attribute list cannot appear here     JSON\_HEDLEY\_DEPRECATED\_FOR [\#2342](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2342)
+- compiler warning [\#2341](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2341)
+- 3.9.0: tests make build non-reproducible [\#2324](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2324)
+- Initialization different between gcc/clang [\#2311](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2311)
+- Attempt to `get()` a numeric value as a type which cannot represent it should throw [\#2310](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2310)
+- Surprising behaviour with overloaded operators [\#2256](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2256)
+- ADL issue in input\_adapter [\#2248](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2248)
+- Output adapters should be templated. [\#2172](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2172)
+- error when using nlohmann::json, std::function and std::bind [\#2147](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2147)
+- Remove undefined behavior for const operator\[\] [\#2111](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2111)
+- json\({}\) gives null instead of empty object with GCC and -std=c++17 [\#2046](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2046)
+- GDB pretty printing support [\#1952](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1952)
+- Always compile tests with all warnings enabled and error out on warnings [\#1798](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1798)
+- Fixes Cppcheck warnings [\#1759](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1759)
+- How to get position info or parser context with custom from\_json\(\) that may throw exceptions? [\#1508](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1508)
+- Suggestion to improve value\(\) accessors with respect to move semantics [\#1275](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1275)
+- Add Key name to Exception [\#932](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/932)
+
+- Overwork warning flags [\#2936](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2936) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Treat MSVC warnings as errors [\#2930](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2930) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- All: fix warnings when compiling with -Wswitch-enum [\#2927](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2927) ([fhuberts](https://github.com/fhuberts))
+- Guard GCC pragmas [\#2925](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2925) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Supress -Wfloat-equal on intended float comparisions [\#2911](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2911) ([Finkman](https://github.com/Finkman))
+- Fix binary subtypes [\#2908](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2908) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix useless-cast warnings [\#2902](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2902) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add regression test [\#2898](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2898) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Refactor Unicode tests [\#2889](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2889) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- CMake cleanup [\#2885](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2885) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Avoid string in case of empty CBOR objects [\#2879](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2879) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Suppress C4127 warning in unit-json\_pointer.cpp [\#2875](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2875) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix truncation warning [\#2874](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2874) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix memory leak in to\_json [\#2872](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2872) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix assertion failure in diagnostics [\#2866](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2866) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Update documentation [\#2861](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2861) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Consistency with `using` in README.md [\#2826](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2826) ([justanotheranonymoususer](https://github.com/justanotheranonymoususer))
+- Properly constrain the basic\_json conversion operator [\#2825](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2825) ([ldionne](https://github.com/ldionne))
+- Fix CI [\#2817](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2817) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Specified git branch for google benchmark fetch in benchmark test [\#2795](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2795) ([grafail](https://github.com/grafail))
+- Add C++ standards to macOS matrix [\#2790](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2790) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Update URLs to HTTPS [\#2789](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2789) ([TotalCaesar659](https://github.com/TotalCaesar659))
+- Link to Conan Center package added [\#2771](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2771) ([offa](https://github.com/offa))
+- Keep consistent formatting [\#2770](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2770) ([jasmcaus](https://github.com/jasmcaus))
+- Add a cmake option to use SYSTEM in target\_include\_directories [\#2762](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2762) ([jpl-mac](https://github.com/jpl-mac))
+- replace EOF with std::char\_traits\<char\>::eof\(\) [\#2756](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2756) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix typo in README [\#2754](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2754) ([mortenfyhn](https://github.com/mortenfyhn))
+- Update documentation [\#2749](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2749) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add documentation for numbers [\#2747](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2747) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Use Clang 12 in CI [\#2737](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2737) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fixes \#2730 [\#2731](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2731) ([theShmoo](https://github.com/theShmoo))
+- Possibility to use without the dependency to file io and streams to use in intel sgx enclaves [\#2729](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2729) ([theShmoo](https://github.com/theShmoo))
+- Update json.hpp [\#2707](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2707) ([raduteo](https://github.com/raduteo))
+- pkg-config.pc.in: Don't concatenate paths [\#2690](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2690) ([doronbehar](https://github.com/doronbehar))
+- add more CI steps [\#2689](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2689) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Update doctest from 2.4.4 to 2.4.6 \(fixes \#2686\) [\#2687](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2687) ([musicinmybrain](https://github.com/musicinmybrain))
+- License fix [\#2683](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2683) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Update parse\_exceptions.md - correct `json::exception::parse_error` [\#2679](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2679) ([frasermarlow](https://github.com/frasermarlow))
+- Remove HEDLEY annotation from exception::what\(\) [\#2673](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2673) ([remyjette](https://github.com/remyjette))
+- Fix amount of entries in the json object [\#2659](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2659) ([abbaswasim](https://github.com/abbaswasim))
+- Fix missing 1.78 in example in README.md [\#2625](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2625) ([wawiesel](https://github.com/wawiesel))
+- Add GDB pretty printer [\#2607](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2607) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- readme: fix tilde character display [\#2582](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2582) ([bl-ue](https://github.com/bl-ue))
+- Add support for deserialization of STL containers of non-default constructable types \(fixes \#2574\). [\#2576](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2576) ([AnthonyVH](https://github.com/AnthonyVH))
+- Better diagnostics [\#2562](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2562) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- CI targets [\#2561](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2561) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add switch to skip non-reproducible tests. [\#2560](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2560) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix compilation of input\_adapter\(container\) in edge cases [\#2553](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2553) ([jasujm](https://github.com/jasujm))
+- Allow parsing from std::byte containers [\#2550](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2550) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Travis doesn't run any tests in C++17 mode [\#2540](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2540) ([karzhenkov](https://github.com/karzhenkov))
+- Doctest is updated to v2.4.3 [\#2538](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2538) ([YarikTH](https://github.com/YarikTH))
+- Fix warnings [\#2537](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2537) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix a shadowing warning [\#2536](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2536) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Clarify license of is\_complete\_type implementation [\#2534](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2534) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Do not unconditionally redefine C++14 constructs [\#2533](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2533) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Doctest is updated to v2.4.1 [\#2525](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2525) ([YarikTH](https://github.com/YarikTH))
+- Add MAIN\_PROJECT check for test and install options [\#2514](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2514) ([globberwops](https://github.com/globberwops))
+- Ranged insert test section is added in unit-ordered\_json.cpp [\#2512](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2512) ([YarikTH](https://github.com/YarikTH))
+- Add asserts to suppress C28020 [\#2447](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2447) ([jbzdarkid](https://github.com/jbzdarkid))
+- Change argument name "subtype" in byte\_container\_with\_subtype [\#2444](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2444) ([linev](https://github.com/linev))
+- 📝  add CPM.Cmake example [\#2406](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2406) ([leozz37](https://github.com/leozz37))
+- Fix move constructor of json\_ref [\#2405](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2405) ([karzhenkov](https://github.com/karzhenkov))
+- Properly select "Release" build for Travis [\#2375](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2375) ([karzhenkov](https://github.com/karzhenkov))
+- Update Hedley [\#2367](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2367) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix and extend documentation of discarded values [\#2363](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2363) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix typos in documentation [\#2354](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2354) ([rbuch](https://github.com/rbuch))
+- Remove "\#define private public" from tests [\#2352](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2352) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Remove -Wimplicit-fallthrough warning [\#2349](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2349) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix code to work without exceptions [\#2347](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2347) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- fix cmake script overwriting compiler path [\#2344](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2344) ([ongjunjie](https://github.com/ongjunjie))
+
+## [v3.9.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.9.1) (2020-08-06)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.9.0...v3.9.1)
+
+- Can't parse not formatted JSON. [\#2340](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2340)
+- parse returns desired array contained in array when JSON text begins with square bracket on gcc 7.5.0 [\#2339](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2339)
+- Unexpected deserialization difference between Mac and Linux [\#2338](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2338)
+- Reading ordered\_json from file causes compile error [\#2331](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2331)
+- ignore\_comment=true fails on multiple consecutive lines starting with comments [\#2330](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2330)
+- Update documentation about Homebrew installation and CMake integration - Homebrew [\#2326](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2326)
+- Chinese character initialize error [\#2325](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2325)
+- json.update and vector\<pair\>does not work with ordered\_json [\#2315](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2315)
+- Ambiguous call to overloaded function [\#2210](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2210)
+
+- Fix fallthrough warning [\#2333](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2333) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix lexer to properly cope with repeated comments [\#2332](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2332) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix name of Homebrew formula in documentation [\#2327](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2327) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- fix typo [\#2320](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2320) ([wx257osn2](https://github.com/wx257osn2))
+- Fix a bug due to missing overloads in ordered\_map container [\#2319](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2319) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- cmake: install pkg-config file relative to current\_binary\_dir [\#2318](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2318) ([eli-schwartz](https://github.com/eli-schwartz))
+- Fixed installation of pkg-config file on other than Ubuntu [\#2314](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2314) ([xvitaly](https://github.com/xvitaly))
+
+## [v3.9.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.9.0) (2020-07-27)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.8.0...v3.9.0)
+
+- Unknown Type Name clang error when using NLOHMANN\_DEFINE\_TYPE\_NON\_INTRUSIVE [\#2313](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2313)
+- Clang 10.0 / GCC 10.1 warnings on disabled exceptions [\#2304](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2304)
+- Application stalls indefinitely with message byte size 10 [\#2293](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2293)
+- linker error [\#2292](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2292)
+- Add support for high-precision numbers in UBJSON encoding [\#2286](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2286)
+- NLOHMANN\_DEFINE\_TYPE\_NON\_INTRUSIVE fails if the length of the argument is 10 [\#2280](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2280)
+- Custom types : MACRO expansion bug [\#2267](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2267)
+- to/from\_json Failing To Convert String [\#2238](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2238)
+- clang 9.0 report warning: unused type alias 'size\_type' \[-Wunused-local-typedef\] [\#2221](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2221)
+- Enormous array created when working with map\<int,T\> [\#2220](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2220)
+- Can I disable sorting of json values [\#2219](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2219)
+- Getting Qt types to work [\#2217](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2217)
+- Convert to Qt QVariant  [\#2216](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2216)
+- How to custom serialize same data type of vector? [\#2215](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2215)
+- json constructor does not support std::optional [\#2214](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2214)
+- Failing to Parse Valid JSON [\#2209](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2209)
+- \(De-\)Serialization of std::variant with namespaces [\#2208](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2208)
+- Addint support for complex type [\#2207](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2207)
+- array\_index possible out of range [\#2205](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2205)
+- Object deserialized as array [\#2204](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2204)
+- Sending to a function a reference to a sub-branch [\#2200](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2200)
+- How to Serialize derived class to JSON object?  [\#2199](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2199)
+- JSON incorrectly serialized [\#2198](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2198)
+- Exception Unhandled out\_of\_range error [\#2197](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2197)
+- msgpack serialisation : float is treated as 64bit float, not 32bit float. [\#2196](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2196)
+- Is it possible to use compile-time type guarantees for JSON structures? [\#2195](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2195)
+- Question : performance against python dict [\#2194](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2194)
+- vs2017 compile error [\#2192](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2192)
+- Check if a key exists [\#2191](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2191)
+- Failed to run tests due to missing test data on builders without Internet access [\#2190](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2190)
+- 3.8.0: unit-cbor.cpp test failures [\#2189](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2189)
+- 'nlohmann/json.hpp' file not found [\#2188](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2188)
+- How to send json data over the wire? [\#2185](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2185)
+- Ubuntu 16 not supporting nlohmann/json? [\#2184](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2184)
+- .get\<std::string\> causing emdash errors [\#2180](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2180)
+- Object properties should not be re-sorted alphabetically [\#2179](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2179)
+- Custom type registration : instrusive API [\#2175](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2175)
+- Many version of the function "void to\_json\(json& j, const MyStruct& struct\)" [\#2171](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2171)
+- How should strings be escaped? [\#2155](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2155)
+- Adding a value to an existing json puts it at the beginning instead of the end [\#2149](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2149)
+- The header file is big, can we use what we need. [\#2134](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2134)
+- Changing the default format for unordered\_map \(or other set\) [\#2132](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2132)
+- Getting size of deserialized bson document [\#2131](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2131)
+- implicit conversion failure [\#2128](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2128)
+- Error thrown when parsing in a subclass [\#2124](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2124)
+- explicit conversion to string not considered for std::map keys in GCC8 [\#2096](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2096)
+- Add support for JSONC [\#2061](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2061)
+- Library provides template arg for string\_type but assumes std::string in some places [\#2059](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2059)
+- incremental parsing with sax\_parser [\#2030](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2030)
+- Question about flatten and unflatten [\#1989](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1989)
+- CBOR parser doesn't skip tags [\#1968](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1968)
+- Compilation failure using Clang on Windows [\#1898](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1898)
+- Fail to build when including json.hpp as a system include [\#1818](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1818)
+- Parsing string into json doesn't preserve the order correctly. [\#1817](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1817)
+- \[C++17\] Allow std::optional to convert to nlohmann::json [\#1749](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1749)
+- How can I save json object in file in order?  [\#1717](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1717)
+- Support for Comments [\#1513](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1513)
+- clang compiler: error : unknown type name 'not' [\#1119](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1119)
+- dump\(\) without alphabetical order [\#1106](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1106)
+- operator T\(\) considered harmful [\#958](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958)
+- Order of the elements in JSON object [\#952](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/952)
+- How to prevent alphabetical sorting of data? [\#727](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/727)
+- Why is an object ordering values by Alphabetical Order?  [\#660](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/660)
+- Feature request: Comments [\#597](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/597)
+- Head Elements Sorting [\#543](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/543)
+- Automatic ordered JSON [\#424](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/424)
+- Support for comments. [\#376](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/376)
+- Optional comment support. [\#363](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/363)
+- Strip comments / Minify [\#294](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/294)
+- maintaining order of keys during iteration [\#106](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/106)
+
+- Update documentation [\#2312](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2312) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix bug in CBOR tag handling [\#2308](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2308) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- added inline to NLOHMANN\_DEFINE\_TYPE\_NON\_INTRUSIVE macro [\#2306](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2306) ([jwittbrodt](https://github.com/jwittbrodt))
+- fixes unused variable 'ex' for \#2304 [\#2305](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2305) ([AODQ](https://github.com/AODQ))
+- Cleanup [\#2303](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2303) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add test with multiple translation units [\#2301](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2301) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Merge GitHub actions [\#2300](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2300) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix unused parameter [\#2299](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2299) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add support for high-precision numbers in UBJSON encoding [\#2297](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2297) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- fix eof for get\_binary and get\_string [\#2294](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2294) ([jprochazk](https://github.com/jprochazk))
+- Serialisation macros: increase upper bound on number of member variables [\#2287](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2287) ([pfeatherstone](https://github.com/pfeatherstone))
+- add inline specifier for detail::combine [\#2285](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2285) ([T0b1-iOS](https://github.com/T0b1-iOS))
+- Add static assertion for missing binary function in SAX interface [\#2282](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2282) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add test for target\_include\_directories [\#2279](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2279) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Clean up maintainer Makefiles and fix some linter warnings [\#2274](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2274) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add option to ignore CBOR tags [\#2273](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2273) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Hash function without allocation [\#2269](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2269) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add ClangCL for MSVC [\#2268](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2268) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Makefile: Always use SED variable [\#2264](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2264) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Add Xcode 12 CI [\#2262](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2262) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Make library work with Clang on Windows [\#2259](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2259) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add ordered\_json specialization with ordered object keys [\#2258](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2258) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add pkg-config file [\#2253](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2253) ([ericonr](https://github.com/ericonr))
+- Fix regression from \#2181 [\#2251](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2251) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Tag binary values in cbor if set [\#2244](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2244) ([matthewbauer](https://github.com/matthewbauer))
+- Make assert configurable via JSON\_ASSERT [\#2242](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2242) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add specialization of get\_to [\#2233](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2233) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Refine documentation of error\_handler parameter [\#2232](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2232) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Simplify conversion from/to custom types [\#2225](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2225) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Remove unused typedefs [\#2224](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2224) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Enable CMake policy CMP0077 [\#2222](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2222) ([alexreinking](https://github.com/alexreinking))
+- Add option to ignore comments in parse/accept functions [\#2212](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2212) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix Clang-Tidy warnings [\#2211](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2211) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Simple ordered\_json that works on all supported compilers [\#2206](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2206) ([gatopeich](https://github.com/gatopeich))
+- Use unsigned indizies for array index in json pointer [\#2203](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2203) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Add option to not rely on Internet connectivity during test stage [\#2202](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2202) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Serialize floating-point numbers with 32 bit when possible \(MessagePack\) [\#2201](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2201) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix consistency in function `int_to_string()` [\#2193](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2193) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Fix issue\#1275 [\#2181](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2181) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- C++20 support by removing swap specialization [\#2176](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2176) ([gracicot](https://github.com/gracicot))
+- Feat/explicit conversion operator [\#1559](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1559) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+
+## [v3.8.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.8.0) (2020-06-14)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.7.3...v3.8.0)
+
+- sorry delete this issue, i'm stupid [\#2187](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2187)
+- Append to a std::nlohmann::json type [\#2186](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2186)
+- Some troubles to compile the last revision [\#2177](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2177)
+- ​\#​ Top level CMakeLists.txt​
+​project​\(FOO\)
+...
+​option​\(FOO\_USE\_EXTERNAL\_JSON ​"Use an external JSON library"​ ​OFF​\)
+...
+​add\_subdirectory​\(thirdparty\)
+...
+​add\_library​\(foo ...\)
+...
+​\#​ Note that the namespaced target will always be available regardless of the​
+​\#​ import method​
+​target\_link\_libraries​\(foo ​PRIVATE​ nlohmann\_json::nlohmann\_json\) [\#2170](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2170)
+- https://www.github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include%2Fnlohmann%2Fjson\_fwd.hpp [\#2169](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2169)
+- templated from\_json of non primitive types causes gcc error [\#2168](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2168)
+- few warnings/errors in copy assignment [\#2167](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2167)
+- Different output when upgrading from clang 9 to clang 10 [\#2166](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2166)
+- Cannot build with VS 2019 / C++17 [\#2163](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2163)
+- Q: When I received an illegal string,How the program knows? [\#2162](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2162)
+- Problem while reading a json file [\#2161](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2161)
+- converting std::chrono::system\_clock::time\_point to json. [\#2159](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2159)
+-  how to parse vector\<struct\> format [\#2157](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2157)
+- nlohmann::json and =nullptr [\#2156](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2156)
+- test-cbor fails [\#2154](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2154)
+- Accessing array inside array syntax?  [\#2151](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2151)
+- Best way to catch errors when querying json [\#2150](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2150)
+- JSON Data Mapping Key-Value from other Key-Value [\#2148](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2148)
+- Conflicts with std \<any\> compiling with GCC 10 [\#2146](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2146)
+- Incorrect CMake FetchContent example [\#2142](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2142)
+- Help for a Beginner? [\#2141](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2141)
+- Read Json from File [\#2139](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2139)
+- How to feed a predefined integer value into json string [\#2138](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2138)
+- getting json array inside json object [\#2135](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2135)
+- Add .contains example to doc [\#2133](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2133)
+- Is it safe to return string.c\_str\(\) received from get\(\)? [\#2130](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2130)
+- GCC 10: Compilation error when including any before including json header in C++17 mode [\#2129](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2129)
+- Intersection of two json files [\#2127](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2127)
+- App crashes when dump method called for non ascii chars. [\#2126](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2126)
+- iterator based erase method [\#2122](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2122)
+- quick and convenient api to get/set nested json values [\#2120](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2120)
+- assigning nullptr to std::string [\#2118](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2118)
+- usless\_cast warnings with gcc 9.3 and 10.1 \(C++17\) [\#2114](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2114)
+- clang 10 warning [\#2113](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2113)
+- Possible incorrect \_MSC\_VER reference [\#2112](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2112)
+- warning under gcc 10.1 [\#2110](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2110)
+- Wdeprecated-declarations from GCC v10.1.0 [\#2109](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2109)
+- Global std::vector from json [\#2108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2108)
+- heap-buffer-overflow when using nlohmann/json, ASAN, and gtest [\#2107](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2107)
+- exception 0x770DC5AF when i read an special char in json file [\#2106](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2106)
+- json::parse\(\) fails to parse a dump\(2,' '\) output, yet does successfully parse dump\(\) [\#2105](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2105)
+- run test-udt error  in MSVC 19.16.27034.0 [\#2103](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2103)
+- Unable to dump to stringstream [\#2102](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2102)
+- Can't ad an object in another objet [\#2101](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2101)
+- Implicit conversion causes "cannot use operator\[\] with a string argument with string" [\#2098](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2098)
+- C++20: char8\_t [\#2097](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2097)
+- Compilation issues when included in project [\#2094](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2094)
+- string value with null character causes infinite loop [\#2093](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2093)
+- corrupted size vs. prev\_size \(aborted\) [\#2092](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2092)
+- Get string field content without return std::string copy  [\#2091](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2091)
+- JSON Comments \(JSON 5\) [\#2090](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2090)
+- Remove \#include \<ciso646\> [\#2089](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2089)
+- JSON library as a git submodule [\#2088](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2088)
+- Apple Clang 11.0.3 on MacOS Catalina 10.15.4 not compiling [\#2087](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2087)
+- Value function return empty object even if it exist [\#2086](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2086)
+- Cannot debug but Run works [\#2085](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2085)
+- Question about serialization. [\#2084](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2084)
+- How to include in an external project [\#2083](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2083)
+- Missing tests for binary values [\#2082](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2082)
+- How to override default string serialization? [\#2079](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2079)
+- Can't have a json type as a property in an arbitrary type [\#2078](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2078)
+- New release? [\#2075](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2075)
+- CMake FetchContent \> Updating the documentation? [\#2073](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2073)
+- How to convert STL Vector \(of user defined type\) to Json [\#2072](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2072)
+- how to make an array of objects [\#2070](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2070)
+- ‘\_\_int64’ was not declared [\#2068](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2068)
+- \[json.exception.type\_error.317\] cannot serialize binary data to text JSON [\#2067](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2067)
+- Unexpected end of input; expected '\[', '{', or a literal [\#2066](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2066)
+- Json structure can be nested? [\#2065](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2065)
+- Bug: returning reference to local temporary object [\#2064](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2064)
+- Allow to use non strict parsing [\#2063](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2063)
+- Crashing on json::at [\#2062](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2062)
+- How to convert a const std::vector\<char8\_t\> message to a json, to be able to parse it and extract information from it? Can you point to any examples? [\#2058](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2058)
+- Nice library [\#2057](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2057)
+- json.hpp:15372:22: error: expected unqualified-id if \(not std::isfinite\(x\)\): Started getting this bug after updating my XCode [\#2056](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2056)
+- Confused as how I can extract the values from the JSON object. [\#2055](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2055)
+- Warnings with GCC 10 [\#2052](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2052)
+- Warnings with Clang 10 [\#2049](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2049)
+- Update doctest [\#2048](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2048)
+- Unclear error message: "cannot use operator\[\] with a string argument with array" [\#2047](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2047)
+- Serializing std::variant\<T, std::vector\<T\>\> [\#2045](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2045)
+- Crash when parse big jsonfile [\#2042](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2042)
+- How to check if a key exists without silently generating null objects on the path [\#2041](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2041)
+- Crash when traversing over items\(\) of temporary json objects [\#2040](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2040)
+- How to parse multiple line value ? [\#2039](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2039)
+- SAX API uses unsigned std::size\_t but  -1 if element size is not known; [\#2037](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2037)
+- How to parse big decimal data [\#2036](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2036)
+- how use   template \<typename T\> struct adl\_serializer  [\#2035](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2035)
+- auto iterator returned by find to handle value depending if is string or numeric. [\#2032](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2032)
+- pass find returned iterator to numeric variable. [\#2031](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2031)
+- Parse error on valid json file [\#2029](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2029)
+- Is here any elegant way to combine serialization and deserialization code? [\#2028](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2028)
+- Notes about dump function [\#2027](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2027)
+- Different JSON printouts for empty dictionary on Linux and Mac. [\#2026](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2026)
+- easier way to get exception reason out of json\_sax\_dom\_callback\_parser without exceptions [\#2024](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2024)
+- Using fifo\_map with base class and derived class [\#2023](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2023)
+- Error reading JSON File  [\#2022](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2022)
+- Parse causing crash on android.  Cannot catch. [\#2021](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2021)
+- Extra backslashes in nested json [\#2020](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2020)
+- How to create patch for merge\_patch input ? [\#2018](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2018)
+- CppUTest/include/CppUTestExt/MockSupport.h:40: error: default argument for ‘MockFailureReporter\* failureReporterForThisCall’ has type ‘void\*’ [\#2017](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2017)
+- including another file [\#2016](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2016)
+- GNU PREREQ Error with gcc 9.3.0 [\#2015](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2015)
+- Parse error: json.exception.parse\_error.101 - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte [\#2014](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2014)
+- Add more flexibility to basic\_json's ObjectType \(and ArrayType\) [\#2013](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2013)
+- afl persistent mode [\#2012](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2012)
+- Compiler Errors under VS2019 in Appveyor CI [\#2009](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2009)
+- Another compilation failure with Visual Studio [\#2007](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2007)
+- Implicit cast to std::string broken again with VS2019 16.5.0 [\#2006](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2006)
+- error: no matching member function for call to 'AddRaw' [\#2005](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2005)
+- When I re-create an object again after the network request, an error is reported [\#2003](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2003)
+- How to merge \(and not replace\) different Json::Value objects in jsoncpp [\#2001](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2001)
+- scalar transforms to list [\#2000](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2000)
+- Dump JSON containing multibyte characters [\#1999](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1999)
+- Build error  when modify value [\#1998](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1998)
+- How do i include a vector of pointers in my json? [\#1997](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1997)
+- Compiler error wrt incomplete types changed in gcc8.3.0-26 [\#1996](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1996)
+- NaN-like comparison behavior of discarded is inconvenient [\#1988](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1988)
+- Maintaining JSON package in my CMake [\#1987](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1987)
+- reading int number and string number [\#1986](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1986)
+- Build error: keyword is hidden by macro definition! [\#1985](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1985)
+- JSON patch diff for op=add formation is not as per standard \(RFC 6902\) [\#1983](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1983)
+- json\_pointer.contains\(\) exception is incorrectly raised [\#1982](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1982)
+- Error with non existing key [\#1981](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1981)
+- Closed [\#1978](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1978)
+- Where is the library built and what is the name? [\#1977](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1977)
+- The cmake\_import example does not build [\#1976](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1976)
+- Dumping core when reading invalid file [\#1975](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1975)
+- Abort in dump\(\) method [\#1973](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1973)
+- Unclear docs regarding parser\_callback\_t callbacks [\#1972](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1972)
+- Possible memory leak on push\_back [\#1971](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1971)
+- Is it possible to get a safe mutable reference/pointer to internal variant used in nlohmann json?  [\#1970](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1970)
+- Getting a flatten json to map\<string, string\> [\#1957](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1957)
+- forced type conversion or lexical cast without exception. [\#1955](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1955)
+- Add json\_view type support to avoid excessive copying [\#1954](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1954)
+- Adding "examples" section for real-life usages [\#1953](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1953)
+- Add nlohmann::json::key\_type [\#1951](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1951)
+- cannot use operator\[\] with a string argument with string [\#1949](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1949)
+- std::ifstream \>\> json error [\#1948](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1948)
+- Cannot update json data in an iterator? [\#1947](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1947)
+- How can i build this library in VS 2017? [\#1943](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1943)
+- json\_pointer.contains\(\) exceptions when path not found [\#1942](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1942)
+- Nested objects serialize/deserialize [\#1941](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1941)
+- Compile warning on architectures that are not x86 [\#1939](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1939)
+- Version of nlohmann-json-dev in debian packages [\#1938](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1938)
+- Create a json object for every cycle  [\#1937](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1937)
+- How to get the object name? [\#1936](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1936)
+- Reserve and resize function for basic json [\#1935](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1935)
+- How to use json parse in tsl::ordread\_map? [\#1934](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1934)
+- C++14 support is not enabled with msvc2015 [\#1932](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1932)
+- Need help with to\_json for derived class, keep getting "cannot use operator" [\#1931](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1931)
+- How to handle std::vector\<std::uint8\_t\> [\#1930](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1930)
+- Heap corruption issue [\#1929](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1929)
+- Add `std::wistream` support. [\#1928](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1928)
+- This i can write and read any file thanks [\#1927](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1927)
+- How can I get this simple example working? [\#1926](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1926)
+- emplace\_back does not seems to work with the int 0 [\#1925](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1925)
+- Why nlohmann does not release memory [\#1924](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1924)
+- Is it possible to have template `json::parse` with `noexcept` specifier? [\#1922](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1922)
+- JSON to wstring? [\#1921](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1921)
+- GCC 10 tests build failure [\#1920](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1920)
+- Size of binary json representations [\#1919](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1919)
+- Accessing strings \(for example in keys or values\) without having the lib create a copy of it. [\#1916](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1916)
+- operator== documentation should show how to apply custom comparison function [\#1915](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1915)
+- char8\_t and std::u8string support [\#1914](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1914)
+- std::is\_pod is deprecated in C++20 [\#1913](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1913)
+- Incomplete types reported by \(experimental\) GCC10 [\#1912](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1912)
+- Compile warnings on MSVC 14.2 [\#1911](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1911)
+- How to parse json file with   type composition  of std::optional  and std::variant [\#1910](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1910)
+- why root\_schema be  implemented as unique\_ptr in json-validator.cpp，could I use it as shared\_ptr? [\#1908](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1908)
+- compile error in gcc-6.3.0 [\#1906](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1906)
+- Scalar constexpr is odr-used when used as json initializer [\#1905](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1905)
+- install Slack app [\#1904](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1904)
+- typo in a comment [\#1903](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1903)
+- Watch JSON variables in Debug [\#1902](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1902)
+- does Json sdk cares about dfc dfd utf8 issue? [\#1901](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1901)
+- Allow multiple line string value in JSON [\#1897](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1897)
+- Writing map to json file  [\#1896](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1896)
+- Small documentation mistake [\#1895](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1895)
+- why static function `parse` cann't find in visual studio 2019 [\#1894](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1894)
+- Best way to handle json files with missing key value pairs. [\#1893](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1893)
+- accessing json object as multimap [\#1892](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1892)
+- What is the best way to parse vec3s into glm::vec3 [\#1891](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1891)
+- Get array of items without using vector [\#1890](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1890)
+- Build errors \(clang 11.0.0\) on macOS 10.15.2 [\#1889](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1889)
+- Multiple arrays to vectors help [\#1888](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1888)
+- json::parse\(begin, end\) parse error on first character using uchar\* [\#1887](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1887)
+- issue in free\(\) [\#1886](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1886)
+- is\_number\_unsigned\(\) returns false for positive integers \(int or 0 or 1 literals\) [\#1885](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1885)
+- MSVC build failure with /Zc:\_\_cplusplus and C++17 [\#1883](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1883)
+- RFC 6901 op:replace & arrays [\#1882](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1882)
+- Problem with serialization of my custom template doubly-linked list [\#1881](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1881)
+- is\_array\(\) is True, but raise 'cannot use operator\[\] for object iterators' [\#1880](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1880)
+- Serialize dynamic array [\#1879](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1879)
+- Serialization of struct object. [\#1877](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1877)
+- warning:c4503 [\#1875](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1875)
+- Why are flattened empty objects/arrays not representable? [\#1874](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1874)
+- Container Overflow \(ASAN\) when using operator \>\> on an ifs [\#1873](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1873)
+- Sub-array to vector or map object? [\#1870](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1870)
+- WIP: QT \(cute\) type supports [\#1869](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1869)
+- Compiler flags to disable features and shrink code size [\#1868](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1868)
+- null strings [\#1867](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1867)
+- Struct with array of struct and \_\_attribute\_\_\(\(packed\)\) [\#1866](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1866)
+- Best way to extract numbers in the string? [\#1865](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1865)
+- Displaying \\?\Volume{guid} from string to json giving error [\#1864](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1864)
+- not working when compiling as x86 [\#1863](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1863)
+- Skipping evaluation of log line expressions with a macro, is it possible? [\#1862](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1862)
+- Suppress warnings [\#1861](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1861)
+- conflit with g++ compile option -mwindows [\#1860](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1860)
+- How to serialize nested classes to semi-flat JSON object? [\#1859](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1859)
+- Memory Requirement for large json file [\#1858](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1858)
+- Query a binary format \(BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON\) [\#1856](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1856)
+- Documentation on operator\[\] behavior with missing keys [\#1855](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1855)
+- Problem in converting string into JSON; Can't parse successfully. [\#1854](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1854)
+- json.at\_or\_default\(key, defaultval\) [\#1852](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1852)
+- please improve the enum conversion documentation \(my example gist provided\) [\#1851](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1851)
+- Default value returned on ValueType nlohmann::basic\_json::value \(const typename object\_t::key\_type& key, const ValueType& default\_value\) 	 [\#1850](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1850)
+- Accounting for arbitrary precision numerical literals [\#1849](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1849)
+- While trying to make a simple array, I get a nested array instead [\#1848](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1848)
+- How to reuse the parser and serializer intermediate storage? [\#1847](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1847)
+- Too much content in json.hpp leads to slow compilation [\#1845](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1845)
+- Cannot read some data in json file [\#1843](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1843)
+- Precompiled JSON library? [\#1842](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1842)
+- Please change assert into throw\(maybe\) in line 17946 [\#1841](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1841)
+- JSON for modern C++ ECCN information [\#1840](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1840)
+- CI: reduce build time for Travis valgrind [\#1836](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1836)
+- How do I traverse a json object and add new elements into the hierarchy [\#1834](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1834)
+- Invalid UTF-8 byte at index 1: 0x65 [\#1831](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1831)
+- Serialize big data in json [\#1828](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1828)
+- Backslash '\' in value causes exception [\#1827](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1827)
+- from\_json for non default constructible class with dependency injection [\#1819](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1819)
+- Semi-frequent timeouts in `test-unicode_all` with 3.6.1 \(aarch64\) [\#1816](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1816)
+- input\_adapter not user extensible [\#1813](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1813)
+- crash at json::destroy on android  [\#1812](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1812)
+- Logs are repeating while cmake [\#1809](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1809)
+- Add a the possibility to add dynamic json objects [\#1795](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1795)
+- Unnecessary test data file in the release [\#1790](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1790)
+- Add support for parse stack limiting [\#1788](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1788)
+- GCC -Wuseless-cast warnings [\#1777](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1777)
+- compilation issue with NVCC 9.0 [\#1773](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1773)
+- Unexpected behavior with fifo\_map json when copy and append  [\#1763](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1763)
+- Parse error [\#1761](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1761)
+- Assignment \(using value\(\)\) to nonexistent element behaves differently on Xcode 8 vs Xcode 10 [\#1758](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1758)
+- Readme out of date [\#1756](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1756)
+- cmake\_\* tests don't use the build system's compiler [\#1747](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1747)
+- Static assertions for template type properties required [\#1729](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1729)
+- Use float and possibly half in json::to\_cbor [\#1719](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1719)
+- json::from\_cbor does not respect allow\_exceptions = false when input is string literal [\#1715](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1715)
+- /Zc:\_\_cplusplus leads to C2416 [\#1695](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1695)
+- `unflatten` vs objects with number-ish keys [\#1575](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1575)
+- A "thinner" source code tar as part of release? [\#1572](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1572)
+- Repository is almost 450MB [\#1497](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1497)
+- Substantial performance penalty caused by polymorphic input adapter  [\#1457](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1457)
+- Move tests to a separate repo [\#1235](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1235)
+- reduce repos size [\#1185](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1185)
+- CMakeLists.txt in release zips? [\#1184](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1184)
+- Minimal branch? [\#1066](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1066)
+- Move test blobs to a submodule? [\#732](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/732)
+- \[Question\] When using this as git submodule, will it clone the whole thing include test data and benchmark? [\#620](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/620)
+- Need to improve ignores.. [\#567](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/567)
+- Minimal repository \(current size very large\) [\#556](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/556)
+- For a header-only library you have to clone 214MB [\#482](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/482)
+- 17 MB / 90 MB repo size!? [\#96](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/96)
+
+- Improve parse\_ubjson\_fuzzer [\#2182](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2182) ([tanuj208](https://github.com/tanuj208))
+- Add input adapter tests [\#2178](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2178) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix warnings [\#2174](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2174) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix PR\#1006 [\#2158](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2158) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Fix issue\#1972 [\#2153](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2153) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Update URLs to HTTPS [\#2152](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2152) ([TotalCaesar659](https://github.com/TotalCaesar659))
+- Fix Issue\#1813: user defined input adapters [\#2145](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2145) ([FrancoisChabot](https://github.com/FrancoisChabot))
+- Fix issue\#1939: Cast character to unsigned for comparison [\#2144](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2144) ([XyFreak](https://github.com/XyFreak))
+- Fix issue\#2142: readme: fix typo in CMake FetchContent example [\#2143](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2143) ([quentin-dev](https://github.com/quentin-dev))
+- Respect allow\_exceptions=false for binary formats [\#2140](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2140) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix issue 2112 [\#2137](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2137) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Add bleeding edge GCC to CI [\#2136](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2136) ([aokellermann](https://github.com/aokellermann))
+- Clean up implementation of binary type [\#2125](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2125) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fixed a compilation error in MSVC [\#2121](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2121) ([gistrec](https://github.com/gistrec))
+- Overwork CI [\#2119](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2119) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix warnings from Clang 10 and GCC 9 [\#2116](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2116) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Do not include \<ciso646\> when using C++17 [\#2115](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2115) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix issue\#2086: disallow json::value\_t type parameter in value\(\) [\#2104](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2104) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Fix Coveralls integration [\#2100](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2100) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add tests for binary values [\#2099](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2099) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Use external test data [\#2081](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2081) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Remove Doozer CI [\#2080](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2080) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix README.md. Missing ``` [\#2077](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2077) ([ArthurSonzogni](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni))
+- Fix error message about invalid surrogate pairs [\#2076](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2076) ([rmisev](https://github.com/rmisev))
+- Add CMake fetchcontent documentation and tests [\#2074](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2074) ([ArthurSonzogni](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni))
+- Properly pass serialize\_binary to dump function [\#2071](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2071) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix returning reference to local temporary object [\#2069](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2069) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- updated wandbox link [\#2060](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2060) ([alexandermyasnikov](https://github.com/alexandermyasnikov))
+- Fix bug in diff function [\#2054](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2054) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix GCC compiler warnings [\#2053](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2053) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix Clang compiler warnings [\#2051](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2051) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Update doctest to 2.3.7 [\#2050](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2050) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix issue\#1719 [\#2044](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2044) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Add missing testcase about NaN in unit-constructor1.cpp [\#2043](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2043) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Templatize basic\_json constructor from json\_ref [\#2034](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2034) ([ArtemSarmini](https://github.com/ArtemSarmini))
+- Replace deprecated std::is\_pod [\#2033](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2033) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fixes \#1971 \(memory leak in basic\_json::push\_back\) [\#2025](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2025) ([ArtemSarmini](https://github.com/ArtemSarmini))
+- fix \#1982:json\_pointer.contains\(\) exception is incorrectly raised [\#2019](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2019) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Update LICENSE.MIT [\#2010](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2010) ([magamig](https://github.com/magamig))
+- PR for \#2006 to test in AppVeyor. [\#2008](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2008) ([garethsb](https://github.com/garethsb))
+- Added wsjcpp.yml [\#2004](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2004) ([sea-kg](https://github.com/sea-kg))
+- fix error 'setw' is not a member of 'std' in Wandbox example [\#2002](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2002) ([alexandermyasnikov](https://github.com/alexandermyasnikov))
+- catch exceptions for json\_pointer : ..../+99 [\#1990](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1990) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Modify the document about operator== [\#1984](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1984) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Rename argument array\_index to array\_indx in json\_pointer methods [\#1980](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1980) ([linev](https://github.com/linev))
+- README: Fix string representation of `dump`ed `json` [\#1979](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1979) ([alex-weej](https://github.com/alex-weej))
+- fix warnings in serializer.hpp for VS2019 [\#1969](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1969) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Fix C26451 warnnings in to\_chars.hpp [\#1967](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1967) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- appveyor.yml: Compile and test with latest version for \_\_cplusplus ma… [\#1958](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1958) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Fix typo in examples [\#1956](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1956) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- templated input adapters [\#1950](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1950) ([FrancoisChabot](https://github.com/FrancoisChabot))
+- Update README.md : add a FAQ about memory release [\#1933](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1933) ([dota17](https://github.com/dota17))
+- Some typos [\#1923](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1923) ([Coeur](https://github.com/Coeur))
+- Fix link to parse function in README [\#1918](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1918) ([kastiglione](https://github.com/kastiglione))
+- Readme: Updated links to hunter repo & docs [\#1917](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1917) ([jothepro](https://github.com/jothepro))
+- Adds instruction for using Build2's package manager [\#1909](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1909) ([Klaim](https://github.com/Klaim))
+- Update README.md [\#1907](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1907) ([pauljurczak](https://github.com/pauljurczak))
+- Fix warning: ignoring return value [\#1871](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1871) ([sonulohani](https://github.com/sonulohani))
+- docs: add central repository as conan source to readme [\#1857](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1857) ([gocarlos](https://github.com/gocarlos))
+- README: Package in MSYS2 renamed to nlohmann-json [\#1853](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1853) ([podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov))
+- Fix msvc warnings [\#1846](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1846) ([MBalszun](https://github.com/MBalszun))
+- Update tests that generate CMake projects to use main project's C++ compiler [\#1844](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1844) ([Tridacnid](https://github.com/Tridacnid))
+- make CMake's version config file architecture-independent [\#1746](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1746) ([uhoreg](https://github.com/uhoreg))
+- Add binary type support to all binary file formats, as well as an internally represented binary type [\#1662](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1662) ([OmnipotentEntity](https://github.com/OmnipotentEntity))
+
+## [v3.7.3](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.7.3) (2019-11-17)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.7.2...v3.7.3)
+
+- Project branches [\#1839](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1839)
+- Quadratic destruction complexity introduced in \#1436 [\#1837](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1837)
+- Trying to open a file [\#1814](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1814)
+- Comparing data type with value\_t::number\_integer fails [\#1783](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1783)
+- CMake version config file is architecture-dependent [\#1697](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1697)
+
+- Fix quadratic destruction complexity [\#1838](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1838) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+
+## [v3.7.2](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.7.2) (2019-11-10)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.7.1...v3.7.2)
+
+- Segmentation fault in destructor in case of large inputs [\#1835](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1835)
+- type\_name\(\) is not consistent with type\(\) [\#1833](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1833)
+- json::parse is not a member [\#1832](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1832)
+- How do you deal with json\* ? [\#1829](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1829)
+- Combined find\_package/add\_subdirectory not linking libraries [\#1771](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1771)
+- example code for ifstream reading a json file results in no operator error [\#1766](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1766)
+- Warning: unsequenced modification and access to 'range' [\#1674](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1674)
+- Segmentation fault \(stack overflow\) due to unbounded recursion [\#1419](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1419)
+- Stack-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz 4234\) [\#832](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/832)
+
+- Configure WhiteSource Bolt for GitHub [\#1830](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1830) ([whitesource-bolt-for-github[bot]](https://github.com/apps/whitesource-bolt-for-github))
+- Prevent stackoverflow caused by recursive deconstruction [\#1436](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1436) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+
+## [v3.7.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.7.1) (2019-11-06)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.7.0...v3.7.1)
+
+- std::is\_constructible is always true with tuple [\#1825](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1825)
+- Can't compile from\_json\(std::valarray\<T\>\). [\#1824](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1824)
+- json class should have a get\_or member function [\#1823](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1823)
+- NLOHMANN\_JSON\_SERIALIZE\_ENUM macro capture's json objects by value [\#1822](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1822)
+- Parse fails when number literals start with zero [\#1820](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1820)
+- Weird behaviour of `contains` with `json_pointer` [\#1815](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1815)
+- strange behaviour with json\_pointer and .contains\(\) [\#1811](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1811)
+- Can \#1695 be re-opened? [\#1808](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1808)
+- Merge two json objects [\#1807](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1807)
+- std::is\_constructible\<json, std::unordered\_map\<std::string, Data\>\> when to\_json not defined [\#1805](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1805)
+- Private data on parsing [\#1802](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1802)
+- Capturing Line and Position when querying [\#1800](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1800)
+- json error on parsing DBL\_MAX from string [\#1796](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1796)
+- De/Serialisation of vector of tupple object with nested obect need Help please [\#1794](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1794)
+- Output json is corrupted [\#1793](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1793)
+- variable name byte sometimes used as a \#define [\#1792](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1792)
+- Can't read json file [\#1791](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1791)
+- Problems with special German letters [\#1789](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1789)
+- Support for trailing commas [\#1787](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1787)
+- json\_pointer construction bug [\#1786](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1786)
+- Visual Studio 2017 warning [\#1784](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1784)
+- ciso646 header become obsolete [\#1782](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1782)
+- Migrate LGTM.com installation from OAuth to GitHub App [\#1781](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1781)
+- JSON comparison, contains and operator& [\#1778](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1778)
+- pass a json object to a class contructor adds an array around the object [\#1776](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1776)
+- 'Float' number\_float\_function\_t template parameter name conflicts with C '\#define Float float' [\#1775](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1775)
+- A weird building problem :-\( [\#1774](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1774)
+- What is this json\_ref? [\#1772](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1772)
+- Interoperability with other languages [\#1770](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1770)
+- Json dump [\#1768](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1768)
+- json\_pointer\<\>::back\(\) should be const [\#1764](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1764)
+- How to get value from array [\#1762](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1762)
+- Merge two jsons [\#1757](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1757)
+- Unable to locate nlohmann\_jsonConfig.cmake [\#1755](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1755)
+- json.hpp won;t compile VS2019 CLR/CLI app but does in console app [\#1754](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1754)
+- \[Nested Json Objects\] Segmentation fault [\#1753](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1753)
+- remove/replace assert with exceptions [\#1752](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1752)
+- Add array support for update\(\) function [\#1751](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1751)
+- Is there a reason the `get_to` method is defined in `include/nlohmann/json.hpp` but not in `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`? [\#1750](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1750)
+- how to validate json object before calling dump\(\) [\#1748](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1748)
+- Unable to invoke accessors on json objects in lldb [\#1745](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1745)
+- Escaping string before parsing [\#1743](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1743)
+- Construction in a member initializer list using curly braces is set as 'array' [\#1742](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1742)
+- Read a subkey from json object [\#1740](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1740)
+- Serialize vector of glm:vec2 [\#1739](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1739)
+- Support nlohmann::basic\_json::value with JSON\_NOEXCEPTION [\#1738](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1738)
+- how to know the parse is error [\#1737](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1737)
+- How to check if a given key exists in a JSON object [\#1736](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1736)
+- Allow The Colon Key-Value Delimiter To Have A Space Before It \[@ READ ONLY\] [\#1735](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1735)
+- Allow Tail { "Key": "Value" } Comma \[@ READ ONLY\] [\#1734](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1734)
+- No-throw json::value\(\) [\#1733](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1733)
+- JsonObject.dump\(\)  [\#1732](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1732)
+- basic\_json has no member "parse" [\#1731](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1731)
+- Exception "type must be string, but is array" [\#1730](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1730)
+- json::contains usage to find a path [\#1727](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1727)
+- How to create JSON Object from my Structures of Data and Json File from that Object [\#1726](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1726)
+- please provide an API to read JSON from file directly. [\#1725](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1725)
+- How to modify a value stored at a key? [\#1723](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1723)
+- CMake not correctly finding the configuration package for 3.7.0  [\#1721](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1721)
+- name typo in the "spack package management" section of README.md [\#1720](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1720)
+- How to add json to another json? [\#1718](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1718)
+- json::parse\(\) ubsan regression with v3.7.0 [\#1716](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1716)
+- What I am doing wrong?!? [\#1714](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1714)
+- Potential memory leak detected by Valgrind [\#1713](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1713)
+- json::parse is not thread safe? [\#1712](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1712)
+- static analysis alarm by cppcheck [\#1711](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1711)
+- The compilation time is slow [\#1710](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1710)
+- not linking properly with cmake [\#1709](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1709)
+- Error in dump\(\) with int64\_t minimum value [\#1708](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1708)
+- Crash on trying to deserialize json string on 3ds homebrew [\#1707](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1707)
+- Can't compile VS2019. 13 Errors  [\#1706](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1706)
+- find an object that matches the search criteria [\#1705](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1705)
+- IntelliSense goes crazy on VS2019 [\#1704](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1704)
+- Installing on Ubuntu 16.04 [\#1703](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1703)
+- Where is json::parse now? [\#1702](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1702)
+- Forward header should't be amalgamated [\#1700](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1700)
+- Json support for Cmake version 2.8.12 [\#1699](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1699)
+- Intruisive scientific notation when using .dump\(\); [\#1698](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1698)
+- Is there support for automatic serialization/deserialization? [\#1696](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1696)
+- on MSVC dump\(\) will hard crash for larger json [\#1693](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1693)
+- puzzled implicit conversions [\#1692](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1692)
+- Information: My project uses this awesome library [\#1691](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1691)
+- Consider listing files explicitly instead of using GLOB [\#1686](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1686)
+- Failing tests on MSVC with VS2019 15.9.13 x64 [\#1685](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1685)
+- Consider putting the user-defined literals in a namespace [\#1682](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1682)
+- Change from v2 to v3. Encoding with cp1252 [\#1680](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1680)
+- How to add Fifo\_map into json using Cmake [\#1679](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1679)
+- include.zip should contain meson.build [\#1672](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1672)
+- \[Question\] How do I parse JSON into custom types? [\#1669](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1669)
+- Binary \(0x05\) data type for BSON to JSON conversion [\#1668](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1668)
+- Possible to call dump from lldb? [\#1666](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1666)
+- Segmentation fault when linked with libunwind [\#1665](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1665)
+- Should I include single-header after my to\_json and from\_json custom functions declaration? Why not? [\#1663](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1663)
+- Errors/Warnings in VS 2019 when Including Header File [\#1659](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1659)
+- Return null object from object's const operator\[\] as well. [\#1658](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1658)
+- Can't stream json object in to std::basic\_stringstream\<wchar\_t\> [\#1656](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1656)
+- C2440 in vs2015 cannot convert from 'initializer-list' to nlohmann::basic\_json [\#1655](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1655)
+- Issues around get and pointers [\#1653](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1653)
+- Non-member operator== breaks enum \(de\)serialization [\#1647](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1647)
+- Valgrind: bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost [\#1646](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1646)
+- Convenient way to make 'basic\_json' accept 'QString' as an key type as well? [\#1640](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1640)
+- mongodb: nan, inf [\#1599](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1599)
+- Error in adl\_serializer [\#1590](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1590)
+- Injecting class during serialization [\#1584](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1584)
+- output\_adapter not user extensible [\#1534](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1534)
+- Inclusion of nlohmann/json.hpp causes OS/ABI to change on Linux [\#1410](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1410)
+- Add library versioning using inline namespaces [\#1394](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1394)
+- CBOR byte string support [\#1129](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1129)
+- How to deserialize array with derived objects [\#716](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/716)
+
+- Add restriction for tuple specialization of to\_json [\#1826](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1826) ([cbegue](https://github.com/cbegue))
+- Fix for \#1647 [\#1821](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1821) ([AnthonyVH](https://github.com/AnthonyVH))
+- Fix issue \#1805 [\#1806](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1806) ([cbegue](https://github.com/cbegue))
+- Fix some spelling errors - mostly in comments & documentation. [\#1803](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1803) ([flopp](https://github.com/flopp))
+- Update Hedley to v11. [\#1799](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1799) ([nemequ](https://github.com/nemequ))
+- iteration\_proxy: Fix integer truncation from std::size\_t to int [\#1797](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1797) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- appveyor.yml: Add MSVC 16 2019 support [\#1780](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1780) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- test/CMakeLists.txt: Use an explicit list instead of GLOB [\#1779](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1779) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Make json\_pointer::back const \(resolves \#1764\) [\#1769](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1769) ([chris0x44](https://github.com/chris0x44))
+- did you mean 'serialization'? [\#1767](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1767) ([0xflotus](https://github.com/0xflotus))
+- Allow items\(\) to be used with custom string [\#1765](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1765) ([crazyjul](https://github.com/crazyjul))
+- Cppcheck fixes [\#1760](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1760) ([Xav83](https://github.com/Xav83))
+- Fix and add test's for SFINAE problem [\#1741](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1741) ([tete17](https://github.com/tete17))
+- Fix clang sanitizer invocation [\#1728](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1728) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Add gcc 9 and compile with experimental C++20 support [\#1724](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1724) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- Fix int64 min issue [\#1722](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1722) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+- release: add singleinclude and meson.build to include.zip [\#1694](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1694) ([eli-schwartz](https://github.com/eli-schwartz))
+
+## [v3.7.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.7.0) (2019-07-28)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.6.1...v3.7.0)
+
+- How can I retrieve uknown strings from json file in my C++ program. [\#1684](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1684)
+- contains\(\) is sometimes causing stack-based buffer overrun exceptions [\#1683](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1683)
+- How to deserialize arrays  from json [\#1681](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1681)
+- Compilation failed in VS2015 [\#1678](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1678)
+- Why the compiled object file is so huge? [\#1677](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1677)
+- From Version 2.1.1 to 3.6.1 serialize std::set [\#1676](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1676)
+- Qt deprecation model halting compiltion [\#1675](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1675)
+-  Build For Raspberry pi , Rapbery with new Compiler C++17 [\#1671](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1671)
+- Build from Raspberry pi [\#1667](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1667)
+- Can not translate map with integer key to dict string ?  [\#1664](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1664)
+- Double type converts to scientific notation [\#1661](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1661)
+- Missing v3.6.1 tag on master branch [\#1657](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1657)
+- Support Fleese Binary Data Format [\#1654](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1654)
+- Suggestion: replace alternative tokens for !, && and || with their symbols [\#1652](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1652)
+- Build failure test-allocator.vcxproj [\#1651](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1651)
+- How to provide function json& to\_json\(\) which is similar as 'void to\_json\(json&j, const CObject& obj\)'  ? [\#1650](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1650)
+- Can't throw exception when starting file is a number [\#1649](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1649)
+- to\_json / from\_json with nested type [\#1648](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1648)
+- How to create a json object from a std::string, created by j.dump? [\#1645](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1645)
+- Problem getting vector \(array\) of strings [\#1644](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1644)
+- json.hpp compilation issue with other typedefs with same name [\#1642](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1642)
+- nlohmann::adl\_serializer\<T,void\>::to\_json no matching overloaded function found [\#1641](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1641)
+- overwrite adl\_serializer\<bool, void\> to change behaviour [\#1638](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1638)
+- json.SelectToken\("Manufacturers.Products.Price"\); [\#1637](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1637)
+- Add json type as value [\#1636](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1636)
+- Unit conversion test error: conversion from 'nlohmann::json' to non-scalar type 'std::string\_view' requested [\#1634](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1634)
+- nlohmann VS JsonCpp by C++17 [\#1633](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1633)
+- To integrate an inline helper function that return type name as string [\#1632](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1632)
+- Return JSON as reference [\#1631](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1631)
+- Updating from an older version causes problems with assing a json object to a struct [\#1630](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1630)
+- Can without default constructor function for user defined classes when only to\_json is needed? [\#1629](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1629)
+- Compilation fails with clang 6.x-8.x in C++14 mode [\#1628](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1628)
+- Treating floating point as string [\#1627](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1627)
+- error parsing character å [\#1626](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1626)
+- \[Help\] How to Improve Json Output Performance with Large Json Arrays [\#1624](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1624)
+- Suggested link changes for reporting new issues \[blob/develop/REAME.md and blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md\] [\#1623](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1623)
+- Broken link to issue template in CONTRIBUTING.md [\#1622](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1622)
+- Missing word in README.md file  [\#1621](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1621)
+- Package manager instructions in README for brew is incorrect [\#1620](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1620)
+- Building with Visual Studio 2019 [\#1619](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1619)
+- Precedence of to\_json and builtin harmful [\#1617](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1617)
+- The type json is missing from the html documentation [\#1616](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1616)
+- variant is not support in Release 3.6.1? [\#1615](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1615)
+- Replace assert with throw for const operator\[\] [\#1614](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1614)
+- Memory Overhead is Too High \(10x or more\) [\#1613](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1613)
+- program crash everytime, when other data type incomming in json stream as expected [\#1612](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1612)
+- Improved Enum Support [\#1611](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1611)
+- is it possible convert json object back to stl container ? [\#1610](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1610)
+- Add C++17-like emplace.back\(\) for arrays. [\#1609](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1609)
+- is\_nothrow\_copy\_constructible fails for json::const\_iterator on MSVC2015 x86 Debug build [\#1608](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1608)
+- Reading and writing array elements [\#1607](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1607)
+- Converting json::value to int [\#1605](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1605)
+- I have a vector of keys and and a string of value and i want to create nested json array [\#1604](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1604)
+- In compatible JSON object from nlohmann::json to nohman::json - unexpected end of input; expected '\[', '{', or a literal [\#1603](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1603)
+- json parser crash if having a large number integer in message  [\#1602](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1602)
+- Value method with undocumented throwing 302 exception [\#1601](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1601)
+- Accessing value with json pointer adds key if not existing [\#1600](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1600)
+- README.md broken link to project documentation [\#1597](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1597)
+- Random Kudos: Thanks for your work on this! [\#1596](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1596)
+- json::parse return value and errors [\#1595](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1595)
+- initializer list constructor makes curly brace initialization fragile [\#1594](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1594)
+- trying to log message for missing keyword, difference between \["foo"\] and at\("foo"\) [\#1593](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1593)
+- std::string and std::wstring `to_json`  [\#1592](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1592)
+- I have a C structure which I need to convert to a JSON. How do I do it? Haven't found proper examples so far. [\#1591](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1591)
+- dump\_escaped possible error ? [\#1589](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1589)
+- json::parse\(\) into a vector\<string\> results in unhandled exception [\#1587](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1587)
+- push\_back\(\)/emplace\_back\(\) on array invalidates pointers to existing array items [\#1586](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1586)
+- Getting nlohmann::detail::parse\_error on JSON generated by nlohmann::json not sure why [\#1583](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1583)
+- getting error terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::domain\_error'   what\(\):  cannot use at\(\) with string [\#1582](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1582)
+- how i create json file  [\#1581](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1581)
+- prevent rounding of double datatype values [\#1580](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1580)
+- Documentation Container Overview Doesn't Reference Const Methods [\#1579](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1579)
+- Writing an array into a nlohmann::json object [\#1578](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1578)
+- compilation error when using with another library [\#1577](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1577)
+- Homebrew on OSX doesn't install cmake config file [\#1576](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1576)
+- JSON Parse Out of Range Error [\#1574](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1574)
+- Integrating into existing CMake Project [\#1573](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1573)
+- conversion to std::string failed [\#1571](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1571)
+- jPtr operation does not throw [\#1569](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1569)
+- How to generate dll file for this project [\#1568](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1568)
+- how to pass variable data to json in c [\#1567](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1567)
+- I want to achieve an upgraded function. [\#1566](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1566)
+- How to determine the type of elements read from a JSON array? [\#1564](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1564)
+- try\_get\_to [\#1563](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1563)
+- example code  compile error [\#1562](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1562)
+- How to iterate over nested json object [\#1561](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1561)
+- Build Option/Separate Function to Allow to Throw on Duplicate Keys [\#1560](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1560)
+- Compiler Switches -Weffc++ & -Wshadow are throwing errors [\#1558](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1558)
+- warning: use of the 'nodiscard' attribute is a C++17 extension [\#1557](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1557)
+- Import/Export compressed JSON files [\#1556](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1556)
+- GDB renderers for json library [\#1554](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1554)
+- Is it possible to construct a json string object from a binary buffer? [\#1553](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1553)
+- json objects in list [\#1552](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1552)
+- Matrix output [\#1550](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1550)
+- Using json merge\_patch on ordered non-alphanumeric datasets [\#1549](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1549)
+- Invalid parsed value for big integer [\#1548](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1548)
+- Integrating with android ndk issues. [\#1547](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1547)
+- add noexcept json::value\("key", default\) method variant? [\#1546](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1546)
+- Thank you! 🙌 [\#1545](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1545)
+- Output and input matrix [\#1544](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1544)
+- Add regression tests for MSVC [\#1543](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1543)
+- \[Help Needed!\] Season of Docs [\#1542](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1542)
+- program still abort\(\) or exit\(\) with try catch [\#1541](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1541)
+- Have a json::type\_error exception because of JSON object [\#1540](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1540)
+- Using versioned namespaces [\#1539](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1539)
+- Quoted numbers [\#1538](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1538)
+- Reading a JSON file into an object [\#1537](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1537)
+- Releases 3.6.0 and 3.6.1 don't build on conda / windows [\#1536](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1536)
+- \[Clang\] warning: use of the 'nodiscard' attribute is a C++17 extension \[-Wc++17-extensions\] [\#1535](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1535)
+- wchar\_t/std::wstring json can be created but not accessed [\#1533](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1533)
+- json stringify [\#1532](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1532)
+- How can I use it from gcc on RPI [\#1528](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1528)
+- std::pair treated as an array instead of key-value in `std::vector<std::pair<>>` [\#1520](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1520)
+- Excessive Memory Usage for Large Json File [\#1516](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1516)
+- SAX dumper [\#1512](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1512)
+- Conversion to user type containing a std::vector not working with documented approach [\#1511](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1511)
+- Inconsistent use of type alias. [\#1507](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1507)
+- Is there a current way to represent strings as json int? [\#1503](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1503)
+- Intermittent issues with loadJSON [\#1484](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1484)
+- use json construct std::string [\#1462](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1462)
+- JSON Creation [\#1461](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1461)
+- Null bytes in files are treated like EOF [\#1095](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1095)
+- Feature: to\_string\(const json& j\); [\#916](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/916)
+
+- Use GNUInstallDirs instead of hard-coded path. [\#1673](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1673) ([ghost](https://github.com/ghost))
+- Package Manager: MSYS2 \(pacman\) [\#1670](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1670) ([podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov))
+- Fix json.hpp compilation issue with other typedefs with same name \(Issue \#1642\) [\#1643](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1643) ([kevinlul](https://github.com/kevinlul))
+- Add explicit conversion from json to std::string\_view in conversion unit test [\#1639](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1639) ([taylorhoward92](https://github.com/taylorhoward92))
+- Minor fixes in docs [\#1625](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1625) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Fix broken links to documentation [\#1598](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1598) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Added to\_string and added basic tests [\#1585](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1585) ([Macr0Nerd](https://github.com/Macr0Nerd))
+- Regression tests for MSVC [\#1570](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1570) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Fix/1511 [\#1555](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1555) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Remove C++17 extension warning from clang; \#1535 [\#1551](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1551) ([heavywatal](https://github.com/heavywatal))
+- moved from Catch to doctest for unit tests [\#1439](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1439) ([onqtam](https://github.com/onqtam))
+
+## [v3.6.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.6.1) (2019-03-20)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.6.1...v3.6.1)
+
+## [3.6.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.6.1) (2019-03-20)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.6.0...3.6.1)
+
+- Failed to build with \<Windows.h\> [\#1531](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1531)
+- Compiling 3.6.0 with GCC \> 7, array vs std::array \#590 is back [\#1530](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1530)
+- 3.6.0: warning: missing initializer for member 'std::array\<char, 9ul\>::\_M\_elems' \[-Wmissing-field-initializers\] [\#1527](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1527)
+- unable to parse json  [\#1525](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1525)
+
+## [v3.6.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.6.0) (2019-03-19)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.5.0...v3.6.0)
+
+- How can I turn a string of a json array into a json array? [\#1526](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1526)
+- Minor: missing a std:: namespace tag [\#1521](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1521)
+- how to precision to four decimal for double when use to\_json [\#1519](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1519)
+- error parse [\#1518](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1518)
+- Compile error: template argument deduction/substitution failed [\#1515](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1515)
+- std::complex type [\#1510](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1510)
+- CBOR byte string support [\#1509](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1509)
+- Compilation error getting a std::pair\<\> on latest VS 2017 compiler [\#1506](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1506)
+- "Integration" section of documentation needs update? [\#1505](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1505)
+- Json object from string from a TCP socket [\#1504](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1504)
+- MSVC warning C4946 \("reinterpret\_cast used between related classes"\) compiling json.hpp [\#1502](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1502)
+- How to programmatically fill an n-th dimensional JSON object? [\#1501](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1501)
+- Error compiling with clang and `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`: need to include `cstdlib` [\#1500](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1500)
+- The code compiles unsuccessfully with android-ndk-r10e [\#1499](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1499)
+- Cmake 3.1 in develop, when is it likely to make it into a stable release? [\#1498](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1498)
+- Some Help please object inside array [\#1494](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1494)
+- How to get data into vector of user-defined type from a Json object [\#1493](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1493)
+- how to find subelement  without loop [\#1490](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1490)
+- json to std::map [\#1487](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1487)
+- Type in README.md [\#1486](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1486)
+- Error in parsing and reading msgpack-lite  [\#1485](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1485)
+- Compiling issues with libc 2.12 [\#1483](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1483)
+- How do I use reference or pointer binding values? [\#1482](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1482)
+- Compilation fails in MSVC with the Microsoft Language Extensions disabled [\#1481](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1481)
+- Functional visit [\#1480](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1480)
+- \[Question\] Unescaped dump [\#1479](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1479)
+- Some Help please [\#1478](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1478)
+- Global variables are stored within the JSON file, how do I declare them as global variables when I read them out in my C++ program?  [\#1476](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1476)
+- Unable to modify one of the values within the JSON file, and save it  [\#1475](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1475)
+- Documentation of parse function has two identical @pre causes [\#1473](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1473)
+- GCC 9.0 build failure [\#1472](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1472)
+- Can we have an `exists()` method? [\#1471](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1471)
+- How to parse multi object json from file? [\#1470](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1470)
+- How to returns the name of the upper object? [\#1467](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1467)
+- Error: "tuple\_size" has already been declared in the current scope [\#1466](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1466)
+- Checking keys of two jsons against eachother [\#1465](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1465)
+- Disable installation when used as meson subproject [\#1463](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1463)
+- Unpack list of integers to a std::vector\<int\> [\#1460](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1460)
+- Implement DRY definition of JSON representation of a c++ class  [\#1459](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1459)
+- json.exception.type\_error.305 with GCC 4.9 when using C++ {} initializer [\#1458](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1458)
+- API to convert an "uninitialized" json into an empty object or empty array [\#1456](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1456)
+- How to parse a vector of objects with const attributes [\#1453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1453)
+- NLOHMANN\_JSON\_SERIALIZE\_ENUM potentially requires duplicate definitions [\#1450](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1450)
+- Question about making json object from file directory [\#1449](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1449)
+- .get\(\) throws error if used with userdefined structs in unordered\_map [\#1448](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1448)
+- Integer Overflow \(OSS-Fuzz 12506\) [\#1447](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1447)
+- If a string has too many invalid UTF-8 characters, json::dump attempts to index an array out of bounds. [\#1445](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1445)
+- Setting values of .JSON file [\#1444](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1444)
+- alias object\_t::key\_type in basic\_json [\#1442](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1442)
+- Latest Ubuntu package is 2.1.1 [\#1438](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1438)
+- lexer.hpp\(1363\)  '\_snprintf': is not a  member | Visualstudio 2017 [\#1437](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1437)
+- Static method invites inadvertent logic error. [\#1433](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1433)
+- EOS compilation produces "fatal error: 'nlohmann/json.hpp' file not found" [\#1432](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1432)
+- Support for bad commas [\#1429](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1429)
+- Please have one base exception class for all json exceptions [\#1427](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1427)
+- Compilation warning: 'tuple\_size' defined as a class template here but previously declared as a struct template [\#1426](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1426)
+- Which version can be used with GCC 4.8.2 ? [\#1424](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1424)
+- Ignore nullptr values on constructing json object from a container [\#1422](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1422)
+- Support for custom float precision via unquoted strings [\#1421](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1421)
+- It is possible to call `json::find` with a json\_pointer as argument. This causes runtime UB/crash. [\#1418](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1418)
+- Dump throwing exception [\#1416](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1416)
+- Build error  [\#1415](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1415)
+- Append version to include.zip [\#1412](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1412)
+- error C2039: '\_snprintf': is not a member of 'std' - Windows [\#1408](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1408)
+- Deserializing to vector [\#1407](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1407)
+- Efficient way to set a `json` object as value into another `json` key [\#1406](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1406)
+- Document return value of parse\(\) when allow\_exceptions == false and parsing fails [\#1405](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1405)
+- Unexpected behaviour with structured binding [\#1404](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1404)
+- Which native types does get\<type\>\(\) allow? [\#1403](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1403)
+- Add something like Json::StaticString [\#1402](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1402)
+- -Wmismatched-tags in 3.5.0? [\#1401](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1401)
+- Coverity Scan reports an UNCAUGHT\_EXCEPT issue [\#1400](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1400)
+- fff [\#1399](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1399)
+- sorry this is not an issue, just a Question, How to change a key value in a file and save it ? [\#1398](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1398)
+- appveyor x64 builds appear to be using Win32 toolset [\#1374](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1374)
+- Serializing/Deserializing  a Class containing a vector of itself [\#1373](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1373)
+- Retrieving array elements. [\#1369](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1369)
+- Deserialize [\#1366](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1366)
+- call of overloaded for push\_back and operator+= is ambiguous [\#1352](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1352)
+- got an error and cann't figure it out [\#1351](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1351)
+- Improve number-to-string conversion [\#1334](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1334)
+- Implicit type conversion error on MSVC [\#1333](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1333)
+- NuGet Package [\#1132](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1132)
+
+- Change macros to numeric\_limits [\#1514](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1514) ([naszta](https://github.com/naszta))
+- fix GCC 7.1.1 - 7.2.1 on CentOS [\#1496](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1496) ([lieff](https://github.com/lieff))
+- Update Buckaroo instructions in README.md [\#1495](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1495) ([njlr](https://github.com/njlr))
+- Fix gcc9 build error test/src/unit-allocator.cpp \(Issue \#1472\) [\#1492](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1492) ([stac47](https://github.com/stac47))
+- Fix typo in README.md [\#1491](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1491) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Do proper endian conversions [\#1489](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1489) ([andreas-schwab](https://github.com/andreas-schwab))
+- Fix documentation [\#1477](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1477) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Implement contains\(\) member function [\#1474](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1474) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Add operator/= and operator/ to construct a JSON pointer by appending two JSON pointers [\#1469](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1469) ([garethsb](https://github.com/garethsb))
+- Disable Clang -Wmismatched-tags warning on tuple\_size / tuple\_element [\#1468](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1468) ([past-due](https://github.com/past-due))
+- Disable installation when used as meson subproject. \#1463 [\#1464](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1464) ([elvisoric](https://github.com/elvisoric))
+- docs: README typo [\#1455](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1455) ([wythe](https://github.com/wythe))
+- remove extra semicolon from readme [\#1451](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1451) ([Afforix](https://github.com/Afforix))
+- attempt to fix \#1445, flush buffer in serializer::dump\_escaped in UTF8\_REJECT case. [\#1446](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1446) ([scinart](https://github.com/scinart))
+- Use C++11 features supported by CMake 3.1. [\#1441](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1441) ([iwanders](https://github.com/iwanders))
+- :rotating\_light: fixed unused variable warning [\#1435](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1435) ([pboettch](https://github.com/pboettch))
+- allow push\_back\(\) and pop\_back\(\) calls on json\_pointer [\#1434](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1434) ([pboettch](https://github.com/pboettch))
+- Add instructions about using nlohmann/json with the conda package manager [\#1430](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1430) ([nicoddemus](https://github.com/nicoddemus))
+- Updated year in README.md [\#1425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1425) ([jef](https://github.com/jef))
+- Fixed broken links in the README file [\#1423](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1423) ([skypjack](https://github.com/skypjack))
+- Fixed broken links in the README file [\#1420](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1420) ([skypjack](https://github.com/skypjack))
+- docs: typo in README [\#1417](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1417) ([wythe](https://github.com/wythe))
+- Fix x64 target platform for appveyor [\#1414](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1414) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- Improve dump\_integer performance [\#1411](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1411) ([nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein))
+- buildsystem: relax requirement on cmake version [\#1409](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1409) ([yann-morin-1998](https://github.com/yann-morin-1998))
+- CMake: Optional Install if Embedded [\#1330](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1330) ([ax3l](https://github.com/ax3l))
+
+## [v3.5.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.5.0) (2018-12-21)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.4.0...v3.5.0)
+
+- Copyconstructor inserts original into array with single element [\#1397](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1397)
+- Get value without explicit typecasting [\#1395](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1395)
+- Big file parsing [\#1393](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1393)
+- some static analysis warning at line 11317 [\#1390](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1390)
+- Adding Structured Binding Support [\#1388](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1388)
+- map\<json::value\_t, string\> exhibits unexpected behavior [\#1387](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1387)
+- Error Code Return [\#1386](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1386)
+- using unordered\_map as object type [\#1385](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1385)
+- float precision [\#1384](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1384)
+- \[json.exception.type\_error.316\] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 1: 0xC3 [\#1383](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1383)
+- Inconsistent Constructor \(GCC vs. Clang\) [\#1381](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1381)
+- \#define or || [\#1379](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1379)
+- How to iterate inside the values ? [\#1377](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1377)
+- items\(\) unable to get the elements [\#1375](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1375)
+- conversion json to std::map doesn't work for types \<int, double\>  [\#1372](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1372)
+- A minor issue in the build instructions [\#1371](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1371)
+- Using this library without stream ? [\#1370](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1370)
+- Writing and reading BSON data [\#1368](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1368)
+- Retrieving array elements from object type iterator. [\#1367](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1367)
+- json::dump\(\) silently crashes if items contain accented letters [\#1365](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1365)
+- warnings in MSVC \(2015\) in 3.4.0 related to bool... [\#1364](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1364)
+- Cant compile with -C++17 and beyond compiler options [\#1362](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1362)
+- json to concrete type conversion through reference or pointer fails [\#1361](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1361)
+- the first attributes of JSON string is misplaced  [\#1360](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1360)
+- Copy-construct using initializer-list converts objects to arrays [\#1359](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1359)
+- About value\(key, default\_value\) and operator\[\]\(key\)  [\#1358](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1358)
+- Problem with printing json response object [\#1356](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1356)
+- Serializing pointer segfaults [\#1355](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1355)
+- Read `long long int` data as a number. [\#1354](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1354)
+- eclipse oxygen in ubuntu get\<size\_t\> is ambiguous  [\#1353](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1353)
+- Can't build on Visual Studio 2017 v15.8.9 [\#1350](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1350)
+- cannot parse from string? [\#1349](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1349)
+- Error: out\_of\_range [\#1348](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1348)
+- expansion pattern 'CompatibleObjectType' contains no argument packs, with CUDA 10 [\#1347](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1347)
+- Unable to update a value for a nested\(multi-level\) json file [\#1344](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1344)
+- Fails to compile when std::iterator\_traits is not SFINAE friendly. [\#1341](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1341)
+- EOF flag not set on exhausted input streams. [\#1340](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1340)
+- Shadowed Member in merge\_patch [\#1339](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1339)
+- Periods/literal dots in keys? [\#1338](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1338)
+- Protect macro expansion of commonly defined macros [\#1337](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1337)
+- How to validate an input before parsing? [\#1336](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1336)
+- Non-verifying dump\(\) alternative for debugging/logging needed [\#1335](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1335)
+- Json Libarary is not responding for me in c++ [\#1332](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1332)
+- Question - how to find an object in an array [\#1331](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1331)
+- Nesting additional data in json object [\#1328](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1328)
+- can to\_json\(\) be defined inside a class? [\#1324](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1324)
+- CodeBlocks IDE can't find `json.hpp` header [\#1318](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1318)
+- Change json\_pointer to provide an iterator begin/end/etc, don't use vectors, and also enable string\_view [\#1312](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1312)
+- Xcode - adding it to library  [\#1300](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1300)
+- unicode: accept char16\_t, char32\_t sequences [\#1298](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1298)
+- unicode: char16\_t\* is compiler error, but char16\_t\[\] is accepted [\#1297](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1297)
+- Dockerfile Project Help Needed [\#1296](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1296)
+- Comparisons between large unsigned and negative signed integers [\#1295](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1295)
+- CMake alias to `nlohmann::json` [\#1291](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1291)
+- Release zips without tests [\#1285](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1285)
+- separate object\_t::key\_type from basic\_json::key\_type, and use an allocator which returns object\_t::key\_type [\#1274](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1274)
+- Is there a nice way to associate external values with json elements? [\#1256](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1256)
+- Delete by json\_pointer [\#1248](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1248)
+- Expose lexer, as a StAX parser [\#1219](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1219)
+- Subclassing json\(\) & error on recursive load [\#1201](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1201)
+- Check value for existence by json\_pointer [\#1194](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1194)
+
+- Feature/add file input adapter [\#1392](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1392) ([dumarjo](https://github.com/dumarjo))
+-  Added Support for Structured Bindings  [\#1391](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391) ([pratikpc](https://github.com/pratikpc))
+- Link to issue \#958 broken [\#1382](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1382) ([kjpus](https://github.com/kjpus))
+- readme: fix typo [\#1380](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1380) ([manu-chroma](https://github.com/manu-chroma))
+- recommend using explicit from JSON conversions [\#1363](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1363) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Fix merge\_patch shadow warning [\#1346](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1346) ([ax3l](https://github.com/ax3l))
+- Allow installation via Meson [\#1345](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1345) ([mpoquet](https://github.com/mpoquet))
+- Set eofbit on exhausted input stream. [\#1343](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1343) ([mefyl](https://github.com/mefyl))
+- Add a SFINAE friendly iterator\_traits and use that instead. [\#1342](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1342) ([dgavedissian](https://github.com/dgavedissian))
+- Fix EOL Whitespaces & CMake Spelling [\#1329](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1329) ([ax3l](https://github.com/ax3l))
+
+## [v3.4.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.4.0) (2018-10-30)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.3.0...v3.4.0)
+
+- Big uint64\_t values are serialized wrong [\#1327](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1327)
+- \[Question\] Efficient check for equivalency? [\#1325](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1325)
+- Can't use ifstream and .clear\(\) [\#1321](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1321)
+- \[Warning\] -Wparentheses on line 555 on single\_include [\#1319](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1319)
+- Compilation error using at and find with enum struct [\#1316](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1316)
+- Parsing JSON from a web address [\#1311](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1311)
+- How to convert JSON to Struct with embeded subject [\#1310](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1310)
+- Null safety/coalescing function? [\#1309](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1309)
+- Building fails using single include file: json.hpp [\#1308](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1308)
+- json::parse\(std::string\) Exception inside packaged Lib [\#1306](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1306)
+- Problem in Dockerfile with installation of library [\#1304](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1304)
+- compile error in from\_json converting to container with std::pair [\#1299](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1299)
+- Json that I am trying to parse, and I am lost Structure Array below top level [\#1293](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1293)
+- Serializing std::variant causes stack overflow [\#1292](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1292)
+- How do I go about customising from\_json to support \_\_int128\_t/\_\_uint128\_t? [\#1290](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1290)
+- merge\_patch: inconsistent behaviour merging empty sub-object [\#1289](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1289)
+- Buffer over/underrun using UBJson? [\#1288](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1288)
+- Enable the latest C++ standard with Visual Studio [\#1287](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1287)
+- truncation of constant value in to\_cbor\(\) [\#1286](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1286)
+- eosio.wasmsdk error [\#1284](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1284)
+- use the same interface for writing arrays and non-arrays [\#1283](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1283)
+- How to read json file with optional  entries and entries with different types [\#1281](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1281)
+- merge result not as espected [\#1279](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1279)
+- how to get only "name" from below json [\#1278](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1278)
+- syntax error  on right json string [\#1276](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1276)
+- Parsing JSON Array where members have no key, using custom types [\#1267](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1267)
+- I get a json exception periodically from json::parse for the same json  [\#1263](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1263)
+- serialize std::variant\<...\> [\#1261](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1261)
+- GCC 8.2.1. Compilation error: invalid conversion from... [\#1246](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1246)
+- BSON support [\#1244](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1244)
+- enum to json mapping [\#1208](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1208)
+- Soften the landing when dumping non-UTF8 strings \(type\_error.316 exception\) [\#1198](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1198)
+
+- Add macro to define enum/JSON mapping [\#1323](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1323) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add BSON support [\#1320](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1320) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Properly convert constants to CharType [\#1315](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1315) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Allow to set error handler for decoding errors [\#1314](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1314) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add Meson related info to README [\#1305](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1305) ([koponomarenko](https://github.com/koponomarenko))
+- Improve diagnostic messages for binary formats [\#1303](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1303) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- add new is\_constructible\_\* traits used in from\_json [\#1301](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1301) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- add constraints for variadic json\_ref constructors [\#1294](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1294) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Improve diagnostic messages [\#1282](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1282) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Removed linter warnings [\#1280](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1280) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Thirdparty benchmark: Fix Clang detection. [\#1277](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1277) ([Lord-Kamina](https://github.com/Lord-Kamina))
+
+## [v3.3.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.3.0) (2018-10-05)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.3.0...v3.3.0)
+
+- Fix warning C4127: conditional expression is constant [\#1272](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1272) ([antonioborondo](https://github.com/antonioborondo))
+- Turn off additional deprecation warnings for GCC. [\#1271](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1271) ([chuckatkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins))
+- docs: Add additional CMake documentation [\#1270](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1270) ([chuckatkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins))
+- unit-testsuites.cpp: fix hangup if file not found [\#1262](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1262) ([knilch0r](https://github.com/knilch0r))
+- Fix broken cmake imported target alias [\#1260](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1260) ([chuckatkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins))
+- GCC 48 [\#1257](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1257) ([henryiii](https://github.com/henryiii))
+- Add version and license to meson.build [\#1252](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1252) ([koponomarenko](https://github.com/koponomarenko))
+- \#1179 Reordered the code. It seems to stop clang 3.4.2 in RHEL 7 from crash… [\#1249](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1249) ([LEgregius](https://github.com/LEgregius))
+- Use a version check to provide backwards comatible CMake imported target names [\#1245](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1245) ([chuckatkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins))
+- Fix issue \#1237 [\#1238](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1238) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Add a get overload taking a parameter. [\#1231](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1231) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Move lambda out of unevaluated context [\#1230](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1230) ([mandreyel](https://github.com/mandreyel))
+- Remove static asserts [\#1228](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1228) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Better error 305 [\#1221](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1221) ([rivertam](https://github.com/rivertam))
+- Fix \#1213 [\#1214](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1214) ([simnalamburt](https://github.com/simnalamburt))
+- Export package to allow builds without installing [\#1202](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1202) ([dennisfischer](https://github.com/dennisfischer))
+
+## [3.3.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.3.0) (2018-10-05)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.2.0...3.3.0)
+
+- When key is not found print the key name into error too [\#1273](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1273)
+- Visual Studio 2017 15.8.5 "conditional expression is constant" warning on Line 1851 in json.hpp [\#1268](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1268)
+- how can we get this working on WSL? [\#1264](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1264)
+- Help needed [\#1259](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1259)
+- A way to get to a JSON values "key" [\#1258](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1258)
+- While compiling got 76 errors [\#1255](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1255)
+- Two blackslashes on json output file [\#1253](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1253)
+- Including nlohmann the badwrong way. [\#1250](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1250)
+- how to build with clang? [\#1247](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1247)
+- Cmake target\_link\_libraries unable to find nlohmann\_json since version 3.2.0 [\#1243](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1243)
+- \[Question\] Access to end\(\) iterator reference [\#1242](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1242)
+- Parsing different json format [\#1241](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1241)
+- Parsing Multiple JSON Files [\#1240](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1240)
+- Doesn't compile under C++17 [\#1239](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1239)
+- Conversion operator for nlohmann::json is not SFINAE friendly [\#1237](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1237)
+- Custom deserialization of number\_float\_t [\#1236](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1236)
+- deprecated-declarations warnings when compiling tests with GCC 8.2.1. [\#1233](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1233)
+- Incomplete type with json\_fwd.hpp [\#1232](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1232)
+- Parse Error [\#1229](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1229)
+- json::get function with argument [\#1227](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1227)
+- questions regarding from\_json [\#1226](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1226)
+- Lambda in unevaluated context [\#1225](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1225)
+- NLohmann doesn't compile when enabling strict warning policies [\#1224](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1224)
+- Creating array of objects [\#1223](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1223)
+- Somewhat unhelpful error message "cannot use operator\[\] with object" [\#1220](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1220)
+- single\_include json.hpp [\#1218](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1218)
+- Maps with enum class keys which are convertible to JSON strings should be converted to JSON dictionaries [\#1217](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1217)
+- Adding JSON Array to the Array  [\#1216](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1216)
+- Best way to output a vector of a given type to json [\#1215](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1215)
+- compiler warning: double definition of macro JSON\_INTERNAL\_CATCH  [\#1213](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1213)
+- Compilation error when using MOCK\_METHOD1 from GMock and nlohmann::json [\#1212](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1212)
+- Issues parsing a previously encoded binary \(non-UTF8\) string. [\#1211](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1211)
+- Yet another ordering question: char \* and parse\(\) [\#1209](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1209)
+- Error using gcc 8.1.0 on Ubuntu 14.04 [\#1207](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1207)
+- "type must be string, but is " std::string\(j.type\_name\(\)  [\#1206](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1206)
+- Returning empty json object from a function of type const json& ? [\#1205](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1205)
+- VS2017 compiler suggests using constexpr if [\#1204](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1204)
+- Template instatiation error on compiling [\#1203](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1203)
+- BUG - json dump field with unicode -\> array of ints \(instead of string\) [\#1197](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1197)
+- Compile error using Code::Blocks // mingw-w64 GCC 8.1.0 - "Incomplete Type" [\#1193](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1193)
+- SEGFAULT on arm target  [\#1190](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1190)
+- Compiler crash with old Clang [\#1179](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1179)
+- Custom Precision on floating point numbers [\#1170](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1170)
+- Can we have a json\_view class like std::string\_view? [\#1158](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1158)
+- improve error handling [\#1152](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1152)
+- We should remove static\_asserts [\#960](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/960)
+
+## [v3.2.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.2.0) (2018-08-20)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.2.0...v3.2.0)
+
+- Fix -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized by initializing "result" in parse\_sax [\#1200](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1200) ([thyu](https://github.com/thyu))
+- \[RFC\] Introduce a new macro function: JSON\_INTERNAL\_CATCH [\#1187](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1187) ([simnalamburt](https://github.com/simnalamburt))
+- Fix unit tests that were silently skipped or crashed \(depending on the compiler\) [\#1176](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1176) ([grembo](https://github.com/grembo))
+- Refactor/no virtual sax [\#1153](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1153) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Fixed compiler error in VS 2015 for debug mode [\#1151](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1151) ([sonulohani](https://github.com/sonulohani))
+- Fix links to cppreference named requirements \(formerly concepts\) [\#1144](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1144) ([jrakow](https://github.com/jrakow))
+- meson: fix include directory [\#1142](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1142) ([jrakow](https://github.com/jrakow))
+- Feature/unordered map conversion [\#1138](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1138) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- fixed compile error for \#1045 [\#1134](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1134) ([Daniel599](https://github.com/Daniel599))
+-  test \(non\)equality for alt\_string implementation  [\#1130](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1130) ([agrianius](https://github.com/agrianius))
+- remove stringstream dependency [\#1117](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1117) ([TinyTinni](https://github.com/TinyTinni))
+- Provide a from\_json overload for std::map [\#1089](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1089) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- fix typo in README [\#1078](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1078) ([martin-mfg](https://github.com/martin-mfg))
+- Fix typo [\#1058](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1058) ([dns13](https://github.com/dns13))
+- Misc cmake packaging enhancements [\#1048](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1048) ([chuckatkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins))
+- Fixed incorrect LLVM version number in README [\#1047](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1047) ([jammehcow](https://github.com/jammehcow))
+- Fix trivial typo in comment. [\#1043](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1043) ([coryan](https://github.com/coryan))
+- Package Manager: Spack [\#1041](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1041) ([ax3l](https://github.com/ax3l))
+- CMake: 3.8+ is Sufficient [\#1040](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1040) ([ax3l](https://github.com/ax3l))
+- Added support for string\_view in C++17 [\#1028](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1028) ([gracicot](https://github.com/gracicot))
+- Added public target\_compile\_features for auto and constexpr [\#1026](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1026) ([ktonon](https://github.com/ktonon))
+
+## [3.2.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.2.0) (2018-08-20)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.1.2...3.2.0)
+
+- Am I doing this wrong? Getting an empty string [\#1199](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1199)
+- Incompatible Pointer Type [\#1196](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1196)
+- json.exception.type\_error.316 [\#1195](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1195)
+- Strange warnings in Code::Blocks 17.12, GNU GCC [\#1192](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1192)
+- \[Question\] Current place in code to change floating point resolution [\#1191](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1191)
+- Add key name when throwing type error [\#1189](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1189)
+- Not able to include in visual studio code? [\#1188](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1188)
+- Get an Index or row number of an element [\#1186](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1186)
+- Difference between `merge_patch` and `update` [\#1183](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1183)
+- Is there a way to get an element from a JSON without throwing an exception on failure? [\#1182](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1182)
+- to\_string? [\#1181](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1181)
+- How to cache a json object's pointer into a map? [\#1180](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1180)
+- Can this library work within a Qt project for Android using Qt Creator? [\#1178](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1178)
+- How to get all keys of one object? [\#1177](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1177)
+- How can I only parse the first level and get the value as string? [\#1175](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1175)
+- I have a query regarding nlohmann::basic\_json::basic\_json [\#1174](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1174)
+- unordered\_map with vectors won't convert to json? [\#1173](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1173)
+- return json objects from functions [\#1172](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1172)
+- Problem when exporting to CBOR [\#1171](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1171)
+- Roundtripping null to nullptr does not work [\#1169](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1169)
+- MSVC fails to compile std::swap specialization for nlohmann::json [\#1168](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1168)
+- Unexpected behaviour of is\_null - Part II [\#1167](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1167)
+- Floating point imprecision [\#1166](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1166)
+- Combine json objects into one? [\#1165](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1165)
+- Is there any way to know if the object has changed? [\#1164](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1164)
+- Value throws on null string [\#1163](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1163)
+- Weird template issue in large project [\#1162](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1162)
+- \_json returns a different result vs ::parse [\#1161](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1161)
+- Showing difference between two json objects [\#1160](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1160)
+- no instance of overloaded function "std::swap" matches the specified type	 [\#1159](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1159)
+- resize\(...\)? [\#1157](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1157)
+- Issue with struct nested in class' to\_json [\#1155](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1155)
+- Deserialize std::map with std::nan [\#1154](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1154)
+- Parse throwing errors [\#1149](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1149)
+- cocoapod integration [\#1148](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1148)
+- wstring parsing [\#1147](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1147)
+- Is it possible to dump a two-dimensional array to "\[\[null\],\[1,2,3\]\]"? [\#1146](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1146)
+- Want to write a class member variable and a struct variable \( this structure is inside the class\) to the json file [\#1145](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1145)
+- Does json support converting an instance of a struct into json string? [\#1143](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1143)
+- \#Most efficient way to search for child parameters \(recursive find?\) [\#1141](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1141)
+-  could not find to\_json\(\) method in T's namespace [\#1140](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1140)
+- chars get treated as JSON numbers not JSON strings [\#1139](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1139)
+- How do I count number of objects in array? [\#1137](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1137)
+- Serializing a vector of classes? [\#1136](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1136)
+- Compile error. Unable convert form nullptr to nullptr&& [\#1135](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1135)
+- std::unordered\_map in struct, serialization [\#1133](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1133)
+- dump\(\) can't handle umlauts [\#1131](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1131)
+- Add a way to get a key reference from the iterator [\#1127](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1127)
+- can't not parse "\\“ string [\#1123](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1123)
+-  if  json file  contain Internationalization   chars   ,  get  exception [\#1122](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1122)
+- How to use a json::iterator dereferenced value in code? [\#1120](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1120)
+- Disable implicit conversions from json to std::initializer\_list\<T\> for any T [\#1118](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1118)
+- Implicit conversions to complex types can lead to surprising and confusing errors [\#1116](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1116)
+- How can I write from\_json for a complex datatype that is not default constructible? [\#1115](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1115)
+- Compile error in VS2015 when compiling unit-conversions.cpp [\#1114](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1114)
+- ADL Serializer for std::any / boost::any [\#1113](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1113)
+- Unexpected behaviour of is\_null [\#1112](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1112)
+- How to resolve  " undefined reference to `std::\_\_throw\_bad\_cast\(\)'" [\#1111](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1111)
+- cannot compile on ubuntu 18.04 and 16.04 [\#1110](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1110)
+- JSON representation for floating point values has too many digits [\#1109](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1109)
+- Not working for classes containing "\_declspec\(dllimport\)" in their declaration [\#1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108)
+- Get keys from json object [\#1107](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1107)
+- Cannot deserialize types using std::ratio [\#1105](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1105)
+-  i want to learn json [\#1104](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1104)
+- Type checking during compile [\#1103](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1103)
+- Iterate through sub items [\#1102](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1102)
+- cppcheck failing for version 3.1.2 [\#1101](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1101)
+- Deserializing std::map [\#1100](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1100)
+- accessing key by reference [\#1098](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1098)
+- clang 3.8.0 croaks while trying to compile with debug symbols [\#1097](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1097)
+- Serialize a list of class objects with json [\#1096](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1096)
+- Small question [\#1094](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1094)
+- Upgrading to 3.x: to\_/from\_json with enum class [\#1093](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1093)
+- Q: few questions about json construction [\#1092](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1092)
+- general crayCC compilation failure [\#1091](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1091)
+- Merge Patch clears original data [\#1090](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1090)
+- \[Question\] how to use nlohmann/json in c++? [\#1088](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1088)
+- C++17 decomposition declaration support [\#1087](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1087)
+- \[Question\] Access multi-level json objects [\#1086](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1086)
+- Serializing vector [\#1085](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1085)
+- update nested value in multi hierarchy json object [\#1084](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1084)
+- Overriding default values? [\#1083](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1083)
+- detail namespace collision with Cereal? [\#1082](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1082)
+- Error using json.dump\(\); [\#1081](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1081)
+- Consuming TCP Stream [\#1080](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1080)
+- Compilation error with strong typed enums in map in combination with namespaces [\#1079](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1079)
+- cassert error [\#1076](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1076)
+- Valid json data not being parsed [\#1075](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1075)
+- Feature request :: Better testing for key existance without try/catch [\#1074](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1074)
+- Hi, I have input like a.b.c and want to convert it to \"a\"{\"b\": \"c\"} form. Any suggestions how do I do this? Thanks. [\#1073](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1073)
+- ADL deserializer not picked up for non default-constructible type [\#1072](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1072)
+- Deserializing std::array doesn't compiler \(no insert\(\)\) [\#1071](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1071)
+- Serializing OpenCV Mat problem [\#1070](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1070)
+- Compilation error with ICPC compiler [\#1068](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1068)
+- Not existing value, crash [\#1065](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1065)
+- cyryllic symbols [\#1064](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1064)
+- newbie usage question [\#1063](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1063)
+- Trying j\["strTest"\] = "%A" produces "strTest": "-0X1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCP+205" [\#1062](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1062)
+- convert json value to std::string??? [\#1061](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1061)
+- Commented out test cases, should they be removed? [\#1060](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1060)
+- different behaviour between clang and gcc with braced initialization [\#1059](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1059)
+- json array:  initialize with prescribed size and `resize` method. [\#1057](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1057)
+- Is it possible to use exceptions istead of assertions? [\#1056](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1056)
+- when using assign operator in with json object a static assertion fails.. [\#1055](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1055)
+- Iterate over leafs of a JSON data structure: enrich the JSON pointer API [\#1054](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1054)
+- \[Feature request\] Access by path [\#1053](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1053)
+- document that implicit js -\> primitive conversion does not work for std::string::value\_type and why [\#1052](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1052)
+- error: ‘BasicJsonType’ in namespace ‘::’ does not name a type [\#1051](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1051)
+- Destructor is called when filling object through assignement [\#1050](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1050)
+- Is this thing thread safe for reads? [\#1049](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1049)
+- clang-tidy: Call to virtual function during construction  [\#1046](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1046)
+- Using STL algorithms with JSON containers with expected results? [\#1045](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1045)
+- Usage with gtest/gmock not working as expected [\#1044](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1044)
+- Consequences of from\_json / to\_json being in namespace of data struct. [\#1042](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1042)
+- const\_reference operator\[\]\(const typename object\_t::key\_type& key\) const throw instead of assert [\#1039](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1039)
+- Trying to retrieve data from nested objects [\#1038](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1038)
+- Direct download link for json\_fwd.hpp? [\#1037](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1037)
+- I know the library supports UTF-8, but failed to dump the value [\#1036](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1036)
+- Putting a Vec3-like vector into a json object [\#1035](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1035)
+- Ternary operator crash [\#1034](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1034)
+- Issued with Clion Inspection Resolution since 2018.1 [\#1033](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1033)
+- Some testcases fail and one never finishes [\#1032](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1032)
+- Can this class work with wchar\_t / std::wstring? [\#1031](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1031)
+- Makefile: Valgrind flags have no effect [\#1030](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1030)
+- 「==」 Should be 「\>」 [\#1029](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1029)
+- HOCON reader? [\#1027](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1027)
+- add json string in previous string?? [\#1025](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1025)
+- RFC: fluent parsing interface [\#1023](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1023)
+- Does it support chinese character? [\#1022](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1022)
+- to/from\_msgpack only works with standard typization [\#1021](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1021)
+- Build failure using latest clang and GCC compilers [\#1020](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1020)
+- can two json objects be concatenated? [\#1019](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1019)
+- Erase by integer index [\#1018](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1018)
+- Function find overload taking a json\_pointer [\#1017](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1017)
+- I think should implement an parser function [\#1016](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1016)
+- Readme gif [\#1015](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1015)
+- Python bindings [\#1014](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1014)
+- how to add two json string in single object?? [\#1012](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1012)
+- how to serialize class Object \(convert data in object into json\)?? [\#1011](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1011)
+- Enable forward declaration of json by making json a class instead of a using declaration [\#997](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/997)
+- compilation error while using intel c++ compiler 2018 [\#994](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/994)
+- How to create a json variable? [\#990](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/990)
+- istream \>\> json  --- 1st character skipped in stream [\#976](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/976)
+- Add a SAX parser [\#971](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/971)
+- How to solve large json file? [\#927](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/927)
+- json\_pointer public push\_back, pop\_back [\#837](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/837)
+- Using input\_adapter in a slightly unexpected way [\#834](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/834)
+
+## [v3.1.2](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.1.2) (2018-03-14)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.1.2...v3.1.2)
+
+- Allowing for user-defined string type in lexer/parser [\#1009](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1009) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- dump to alternative string type, as defined in basic\_json template [\#1006](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1006) ([agrianius](https://github.com/agrianius))
+- Fix memory leak during parser callback [\#1001](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1001) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- fixed misprinted condition detected by PVS Studio. [\#992](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/992) ([bogemic](https://github.com/bogemic))
+- Fix/basic json conversion [\#986](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/986) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Make integration section concise [\#981](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/981) ([wla80](https://github.com/wla80))
+
+## [3.1.2](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.1.2) (2018-03-14)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.1.1...3.1.2)
+
+- STL containers are always serialized to a nested array like \[\[1,2,3\]\] [\#1013](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1013)
+- The library doesn't want to insert an unordered\_map [\#1010](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1010)
+- Convert Json to uint8\_t [\#1008](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1008)
+- How to compare two JSON objects? [\#1007](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1007)
+- Syntax checking [\#1003](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1003)
+- more than one operator '=' matches these operands [\#1002](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1002)
+- How to check if key existed  [\#1000](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1000)
+- nlohmann::json::parse exhaust memory in go binding [\#999](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/999)
+- Range-based iteration over a non-array object [\#998](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/998)
+- get\<T\> for types that are not default constructible [\#996](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/996)
+- Prevent Null values to appear in .dump\(\) [\#995](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/995)
+- number parsing [\#993](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/993)
+- C2664 \(C++/CLR\) cannot convert 'nullptr' to 'nullptr &&' [\#987](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/987)
+- Uniform initialization from another json object differs between gcc and clang. [\#985](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/985)
+- Problem with adding the lib as a submodule [\#983](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/983)
+- UTF-8/Unicode error [\#982](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/982)
+- "forcing MSVC stacktrace to show which T we're talking about." error [\#980](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/980)
+- reverse order of serialization  [\#979](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/979)
+- Assigning between different json types [\#977](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/977)
+- Support serialisation of `unique_ptr<>` and `shared_ptr<>` [\#975](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/975)
+- Unexpected end of input \(not same as one before\) [\#974](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/974)
+- Segfault on direct initializing json object [\#973](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/973)
+- Segmentation fault on G++ when trying to assign json string literal to custom json type. [\#972](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/972)
+- os\_defines.h:44:19: error: missing binary operator before token "\(" [\#970](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/970)
+- Passing an iteration object by reference to a function [\#967](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/967)
+- Json and fmt::lib's format\_arg\(\) [\#964](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/964)
+
+## [v3.1.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.1.1) (2018-02-13)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.1.0...v3.1.1)
+
+- Updation of child object isn't reflected in parent Object [\#968](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/968)
+- How to add user defined C++ path to sublime text  [\#966](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/966)
+- fast number parsing [\#965](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/965)
+- With non-unique keys, later stored entries are not taken into account anymore [\#963](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/963)
+- Timeout \(OSS-Fuzz 6034\) [\#962](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/962)
+- Incorrect parsing of indefinite length CBOR strings. [\#961](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/961)
+- Reload a json file at runtime without emptying my std::ifstream [\#959](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/959)
+- Split headers should be part of the release [\#956](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/956)
+- Coveralls shows no coverage data [\#953](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/953)
+- Feature request: Implicit conversion to bool [\#951](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/951)
+- converting json to vector of type with templated constructor [\#924](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/924)
+- No structured bindings support? [\#901](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/901)
+- \[Request\] Macro generating from\_json\(\) and to\_json\(\) [\#895](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/895)
+- basic\_json::value throws exception instead of returning default value [\#871](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/871)
+
+- Fix constraints on from\_json\(CompatibleArrayType\) [\#969](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/969) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Make coveralls watch the include folder [\#957](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/957) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Fix links in README.md [\#955](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/955) ([patrikhuber](https://github.com/patrikhuber))
+- Add a note about installing the library with cget [\#954](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/954) ([pfultz2](https://github.com/pfultz2))
+
+## [v3.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.1.0) (2018-02-01)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.1.0...v3.1.0)
+
+- Templatize std::string in binary\_reader \#941 [\#950](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/950) ([kaidokert](https://github.com/kaidokert))
+- fix cmake install directory \(for real this time\) [\#944](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/944) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Allow overriding THROW/CATCH/TRY macros with no-exceptions \#938 [\#940](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/940) ([kaidokert](https://github.com/kaidokert))
+- Removed compiler warning about unused variable 'kMinExp' [\#936](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/936) ([zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect))
+- Fix a typo in README.md [\#930](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/930) ([Pipeliner](https://github.com/Pipeliner))
+- Howto installation of json\_fwd.hpp \(fixes \#923\) [\#925](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/925) ([zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect))
+- fix sfinae on basic\_json UDT constructor [\#919](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/919) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Floating-point formatting [\#915](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/915) ([abolz](https://github.com/abolz))
+- Fix/cmake install [\#911](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/911) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- fix link to the documentation of the emplace function [\#900](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/900) ([Dobiasd](https://github.com/Dobiasd))
+- JSON Merge Patch \(RFC 7396\) [\#876](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/876) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Refactor/split it [\#700](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/700) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+
+## [3.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.1.0) (2018-02-01)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.0.1...3.1.0)
+
+- I have a proposal [\#949](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/949)
+- VERSION define\(s\) [\#948](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/948)
+- v3.0.1 compile error in icc 16.0.4 [\#947](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/947)
+- Use in VS2017 15.5.5 [\#946](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/946)
+- Process for reporting Security Bugs? [\#945](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/945)
+- Please expose a NLOHMANN\_JSON\_VERSION macro [\#943](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/943)
+- Change header include directory to nlohmann/json [\#942](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/942)
+- string\_type in binary\_reader [\#941](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/941)
+- compile error with clang 5.0 -std=c++1z and no string\_view [\#939](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/939)
+- Allow overriding JSON\_THROW to something else than abort\(\) [\#938](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/938)
+- Handle invalid string in Json file [\#937](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/937)
+- Unused variable 'kMinExp' [\#935](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/935)
+- yytext is already defined [\#933](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/933)
+- Equality operator fails [\#931](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/931)
+- use in visual studio 2015 [\#929](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/929)
+- Relative includes of json\_fwd.hpp in detail/meta.hpp. \[Develop branch\] [\#928](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/928)
+- GCC 7.x issue [\#926](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/926)
+- json\_fwd.hpp not installed [\#923](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/923)
+- Use Google Benchmarks [\#921](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/921)
+- Move class json\_pointer to separate file [\#920](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/920)
+- Unable to locate 'to\_json\(\)' and 'from\_json\(\)' methods in the same namespace [\#917](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/917)
+- \[answered\]Read key1 from .value example  [\#914](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/914)
+- Don't use `define private public` in test files [\#913](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/913)
+- value\(\) template argument type deduction [\#912](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/912)
+- Installation path is incorrect [\#910](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/910)
+- H [\#909](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/909)
+- Build failure using clang 5 [\#908](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/908)
+- Amalgate [\#907](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/907)
+- Update documentation and tests wrt. split headers [\#906](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/906)
+- Lib not working on ubuntu 16.04 [\#905](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/905)
+- Problem when writing to file. [\#904](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/904)
+- C2864 error when compiling with VS2015 and VS 2017 [\#903](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/903)
+- \[json.exception.type\_error.304\] cannot use at\(\) with object [\#902](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/902)
+- How do I forward nlohmann::json declaration? [\#899](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/899)
+- How to effectively store binary data? [\#898](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/898)
+- How to get the length of a JSON string without retrieving its std::string? [\#897](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/897)
+- Regression Tests Failure using "ctest" [\#887](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/887)
+- Discuss: add JSON Merge Patch \(RFC 7396\)? [\#877](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/877)
+- Discuss: replace static "iterator\_wrapper" function with "items" member function [\#874](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/874)
+- Make optional user-data available in from\_json [\#864](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/864)
+- Casting to std::string not working in VS2015 [\#861](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/861)
+- Sequential reading of JSON arrays [\#851](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/851)
+- Idea: Handle Multimaps Better [\#816](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/816)
+- Floating point rounding [\#777](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/777)
+- Loss of precision when serializing \<double\> [\#360](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/360)
+
+## [v3.0.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.0.1) (2017-12-29)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.0.1...v3.0.1)
+
+- Includes CTest module/adds BUILD\_TESTING option [\#885](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/885) ([TinyTinni](https://github.com/TinyTinni))
+- Fix MSVC warning C4819 [\#882](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/882) ([erengy](https://github.com/erengy))
+- Merge branch 'develop' into coverity\_scan [\#880](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/880) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- :wrench: Fix up a few more effc++ items [\#858](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/858) ([mattismyname](https://github.com/mattismyname))
+
+## [3.0.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.0.1) (2017-12-29)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v3.0.0...3.0.1)
+
+- Problem parsing array to global vector [\#896](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/896)
+- Invalid RFC6902 copy operation succeeds [\#894](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/894)
+- How to rename a key during looping? [\#893](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/893)
+- clang++-6.0 \(6.0.0-svn321357-1\) warning [\#892](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/892)
+- Make json.hpp aware of the modules TS? [\#891](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/891)
+- All enum values not handled in switch cases. \( -Wswitch-enum \) [\#889](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/889)
+- JSON Pointer resolve failure resulting in incorrect exception code [\#888](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/888)
+- Unexpected nested arrays from std::vector [\#886](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/886)
+- erase multiple elements from a json object [\#884](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/884)
+- Container function overview in Doxygen is not updated [\#883](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/883)
+- How to use this for binary file uploads [\#881](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/881)
+- Allow setting JSON\_BuildTests=OFF from parent CMakeLists.txt [\#846](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/846)
+- Unit test fails for local-independent str-to-num [\#845](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/845)
+- Another idea about type support [\#774](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/774)
+
+## [v3.0.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.0.0) (2017-12-17)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/3.0.0...v3.0.0)
+
+- :white\_check\_mark: re-added tests for algorithms [\#879](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/879) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Overworked library toward 3.0.0 release [\#875](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/875) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- :rotating\_light: remove C4996 warnings \#872 [\#873](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/873) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- :boom: throwing an exception in case dump encounters a non-UTF-8 string \#838 [\#870](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/870) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- :memo: fixing documentation \#867 [\#868](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/868) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- iter\_impl template conformance with C++17 [\#860](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/860) ([bogemic](https://github.com/bogemic))
+- Std allocator conformance cpp17 [\#856](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/856) ([bogemic](https://github.com/bogemic))
+- cmake: use BUILD\_INTERFACE/INSTALL\_INTERFACE [\#855](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/855) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- to/from\_json: add a MSVC-specific static\_assert to force a stacktrace [\#854](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/854) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Add .natvis for MSVC debug view [\#844](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/844) ([TinyTinni](https://github.com/TinyTinni))
+- Updated hunter package links [\#829](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/829) ([jowr](https://github.com/jowr))
+- Typos README [\#811](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/811) ([Itja](https://github.com/Itja))
+- add forwarding references to json\_ref constructor [\#807](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/807) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Add transparent comparator and perfect forwarding support to find\(\) and count\(\) [\#795](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/795) ([jseward](https://github.com/jseward))
+- Error : 'identifier "size\_t" is undefined' in linux [\#793](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/793) ([sonulohani](https://github.com/sonulohani))
+- Fix Visual Studio 2017 warnings [\#788](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/788) ([jseward](https://github.com/jseward))
+- Fix warning C4706 on Visual Studio 2017 [\#785](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/785) ([jseward](https://github.com/jseward))
+- Set GENERATE\_TAGFILE in Doxyfile [\#783](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/783) ([eld00d](https://github.com/eld00d))
+- using more CMake [\#765](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/765) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Simplified istream handing \#367 [\#764](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/764) ([pjkundert](https://github.com/pjkundert))
+- Add info for the vcpkg package. [\#753](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/753) ([gregmarr](https://github.com/gregmarr))
+- fix from\_json implementation for pair/tuple [\#708](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/708) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Update json.hpp [\#686](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/686) ([GoWebProd](https://github.com/GoWebProd))
+- Remove duplicate word [\#685](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/685) ([daixtrose](https://github.com/daixtrose))
+- To fix compilation issue for intel OSX compiler [\#682](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/682) ([kbthomp1](https://github.com/kbthomp1))
+- Digraph warning [\#679](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/679) ([traits](https://github.com/traits))
+- massage -\> message [\#678](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/678) ([DmitryKuk](https://github.com/DmitryKuk))
+- Fix "not constraint" grammar in docs [\#674](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/674) ([wincent](https://github.com/wincent))
+- Add documentation for integration with CMake and hunter [\#671](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/671) ([dan-42](https://github.com/dan-42))
+- REFACTOR: rewrite CMakeLists.txt for better inlcude and reuse [\#669](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/669) ([dan-42](https://github.com/dan-42))
+- enable\_testing only if the JSON\_BuildTests is ON [\#666](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/666) ([effolkronium](https://github.com/effolkronium))
+- Support moving from rvalues in std::initializer\_list [\#663](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/663) ([himikof](https://github.com/himikof))
+- add ensure\_ascii parameter to dump. \#330 [\#654](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/654) ([ryanjmulder](https://github.com/ryanjmulder))
+- Rename BuildTests to JSON\_BuildTests [\#652](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/652) ([olegendo](https://github.com/olegendo))
+- Don't include \<iostream\>, use std::make\_shared [\#650](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/650) ([olegendo](https://github.com/olegendo))
+- Refacto/split basic json [\#643](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/643) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- fix typo in operator\_\_notequal example [\#630](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/630) ([Chocobo1](https://github.com/Chocobo1))
+- Fix MSVC warning C4819 [\#629](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/629) ([Chocobo1](https://github.com/Chocobo1))
+- \[BugFix\] Add parentheses around std::min [\#626](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/626) ([koemeet](https://github.com/koemeet))
+- add pair/tuple conversions [\#624](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/624) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- remove std::pair support [\#615](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/615) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Add pair support, fix CompatibleObject conversions \(fixes \#600\) [\#609](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/609) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- \#550 Fix iterator related compiling issues for Intel icc [\#598](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/598) ([HenryRLee](https://github.com/HenryRLee))
+- Issue \#593 Fix the arithmetic operators in the iterator and reverse iterator [\#595](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/595) ([HenryRLee](https://github.com/HenryRLee))
+- fix doxygen error of basic\_json::get\(\) [\#583](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/583) ([zhaohuaxishi](https://github.com/zhaohuaxishi))
+- Fixing assignement for iterator wrapper second, and adding unit test [\#579](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/579) ([Type1J](https://github.com/Type1J))
+- Adding first and second properties to iteration\_proxy\_internal [\#578](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/578) ([Type1J](https://github.com/Type1J))
+- Adding support for Meson. [\#576](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/576) ([Type1J](https://github.com/Type1J))
+- add enum class default conversions [\#545](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/545) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Properly pop diagnostics [\#540](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/540) ([tinloaf](https://github.com/tinloaf))
+- Add Visual Studio 17 image to appveyor build matrix [\#536](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/536) ([vpetrigo](https://github.com/vpetrigo))
+- UTF8 encoding enhancement [\#534](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/534) ([TedLyngmo](https://github.com/TedLyngmo))
+- Fix typo [\#530](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/530) ([berkus](https://github.com/berkus))
+- Make exception base class visible in basic\_json [\#526](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/526) ([krzysztofwos](https://github.com/krzysztofwos))
+- :art: Namespace `uint8_t` from the C++ stdlib [\#510](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/510) ([alex-weej](https://github.com/alex-weej))
+- add to\_json method for C arrays [\#508](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/508) ([theodelrieu](https://github.com/theodelrieu))
+- Fix -Weffc++ warnings \(GNU 6.3.1\) [\#496](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/496) ([TedLyngmo](https://github.com/TedLyngmo))
+
+## [3.0.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/3.0.0) (2017-12-17)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.1.1...3.0.0)
+
+- unicode strings [\#878](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/878)
+- Visual Studio 2017 15.5 C++17 std::allocator deprecations [\#872](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/872)
+- Typo "excpetion" [\#869](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/869)
+- Explicit array example in README.md incorrect [\#867](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/867)
+- why don't you release this from Feb. ? [\#865](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/865)
+- json::parse throws std::invalid\_argument when processing string generated by json::dump\(\) [\#863](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/863)
+- code analysis: potential bug? [\#859](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/859)
+- MSVC2017, 15.5 new issues.   [\#857](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/857)
+- very basic: fetching string value/content without quotes [\#853](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/853)
+- Ambiguous function call to get with pointer type and constant json object in VS2015 \(15.4.4\) [\#852](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/852)
+- How to put  object in the array as a member? [\#850](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/850)
+- misclick, please ignore [\#849](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/849)
+- Make XML great again. [\#847](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/847)
+- Converting to array not working [\#843](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/843)
+- Iteration weirdness [\#842](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/842)
+- Use reference or pointer as Object value [\#841](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/841)
+- Ambiguity in parsing nested maps [\#840](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/840)
+- could not find from\_json\(\) method in T's namespace [\#839](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/839)
+- Incorrect parse error with binary data in keys? [\#838](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/838)
+- using dump\(\) when std::wstring is StringType with VS2017 [\#836](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/836)
+- Show the path of the currently parsed value when an error occurs [\#835](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/835)
+- Repetitive data type while reading [\#833](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/833)
+- Storing multiple types inside map [\#831](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/831)
+- Application terminating [\#830](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/830)
+- Missing CMake hunter package? [\#828](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/828)
+- std::map\<std::string, std::string\> from json object yields C2665: 'std::pair\<const \_Kty,\_Ty\>::pair': none of the 2 overloads could convert all the argument types [\#827](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/827)
+- object.dump gives quoted string, want to use .dump\(\) to generate javascripts. [\#826](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/826)
+- Assertion failed on \["NoExistKey"\] of an not existing key of const json& [\#825](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/825)
+- vs2015 error : static member will remain uninitialized at runtime but use in constant-expressions is supported [\#824](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/824)
+- Code Checking Warnings from json.hpp on VS2017 Community [\#821](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/821)
+- Missing iostream in try online [\#820](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/820)
+- Floating point value loses decimal point during dump [\#818](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/818)
+- Conan package for the library [\#817](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/817)
+- stream error  [\#815](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/815)
+- Link error when using find\(\) on the latest commit [\#814](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/814)
+- ABI issue with json object between 2 shared libraries [\#813](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/813)
+- scan\_string\(\) return token\_type::parse\_error; when parse ansi file [\#812](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/812)
+- segfault when using fifo\_map with json [\#810](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/810)
+- This shit is shit  [\#809](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/809)
+- \_finite and \_isnan are no members of "std" [\#808](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/808)
+- how to print out the line which causing exception? [\#806](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/806)
+- {} uses copy constructor, while = does not [\#805](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/805)
+- json.hpp:8955: multiple definition of function that is not defined twice or more. [\#804](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/804)
+- \[question\] to\_json for base and derived class [\#803](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/803)
+- Misleading error message - unexpected '"' - on incorrect utf-8 symbol [\#802](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/802)
+- json data = std::string\_view\("hi"\); doesn't work? [\#801](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/801)
+- Thread safety of parse\(\) [\#800](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/800)
+- Numbers as strings [\#799](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/799)
+- Tests failing on arm [\#797](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/797)
+- Using your library \(without modification\) in another library [\#796](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/796)
+- Iterating over sub-object [\#794](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/794)
+- how to get the json object again from which printed by the method of dump\(\) [\#792](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/792)
+- ppa to include source [\#791](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/791)
+- Different include paths in macOS and Ubuntu [\#790](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/790)
+- Missing break after line 12886 in switch/case [\#789](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/789)
+- All unit tests fail? [\#787](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/787)
+- More use of move semantics in deserialization [\#786](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/786)
+- warning C4706 - Visual Studio 2017 \(/W4\) [\#784](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/784)
+- Compile error in clang 5.0 [\#782](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/782)
+- Error Installing appium\_lib with Ruby v2.4.2 Due to JSON [\#781](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/781)
+- ::get\<int\>\(\) fails in new\(er\) release \[MSVC\] [\#780](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/780)
+- Type Conversion [\#779](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/779)
+- Segfault on nested parsing [\#778](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/778)
+- Build warnings: shadowing exception id [\#776](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/776)
+- multi-level JSON support. [\#775](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/775)
+- SIGABRT on dump\(\) [\#773](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/773)
+- \[Question\] Custom StringType template parameter \(possibility for a KeyType template parameter\) [\#772](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/772)
+- constexpr ALL the Things! [\#771](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/771)
+- error: ‘BasicJsonType’ in namespace ‘::’ does not name a type [\#770](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/770)
+- Program calls abort function [\#769](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/769)
+- \[Question\] Floating point resolution config during dump\(\) ? [\#768](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/768)
+- make check - no test ran [\#767](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/767)
+- The library cannot work properly with custom allocator based containers [\#766](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/766)
+- Documentation or feature request. [\#763](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/763)
+- warnings in msvc about mix/max macro while windows.h is used in the project [\#762](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/762)
+- std::signbit ambiguous [\#761](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/761)
+- How to use value for std::experimental::optional type? [\#760](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/760)
+- Cannot load json file properly [\#759](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/759)
+- Compilation error with unordered\_map\< int, int \> [\#758](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/758)
+- CBOR string [\#757](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/757)
+- Proposal: out\_of\_range should be a subclass of std::out\_of\_range [\#756](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/756)
+- Compiling with icpc [\#755](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/755)
+- Getter is setting the value to null if the key does not exist [\#754](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/754)
+- parsing works sometimes and crashes others [\#752](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/752)
+- Static\_assert failed "incompatible pointer type" with Xcode [\#751](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/751)
+- user-defined literal operator not found [\#750](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/750)
+- getting clean string from it.key\(\) [\#748](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/748)
+- Best method for exploring and obtaining values of nested json objects when the names are not known beforehand? [\#747](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/747)
+- null char at the end of string [\#746](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/746)
+- Incorrect sample for operator \>\> in docs [\#745](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/745)
+- User-friendly documentation [\#744](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/744)
+- Retrieve all values that match a json path [\#743](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/743)
+- Compilation issue with gcc 7.2 [\#742](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/742)
+- CMake target nlohmann\_json does not have src into its interface includes [\#741](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/741)
+- Error when serializing empty json: type must be string, but is object [\#740](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/740)
+- Conversion error for std::map\<int, std::string\>  [\#739](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/739)
+- Dumping Json to file as array [\#738](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/738)
+- nesting json objects [\#737](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/737)
+- where to find general help? [\#736](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/736)
+- Compilation Error on Clang 5.0 Upgrade [\#735](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/735)
+- Compilation error with std::map\<std::string, std::string\> on vs 2015 [\#734](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/734)
+- Benchmarks for Binary formats [\#733](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/733)
+- Support \n symbols in json string. [\#731](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/731)
+- Project's name is too generic and hard to search for [\#730](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/730)
+- Visual Studio 2015 IntelliTrace problems [\#729](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/729)
+- How to erase nested objects inside other objects? [\#728](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/728)
+- Serialization for CBOR [\#726](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/726)
+- Using json Object as value in a map [\#725](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/725)
+- std::regex and nlohmann::json value [\#724](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/724)
+- Warnings when compiling with VisualStudio 2015 [\#723](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/723)
+- Has this lib the unicode \(wstring\) support? [\#722](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/722)
+- When will be 3.0 in master? [\#721](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/721)
+- Determine the type from error message. [\#720](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/720)
+- Compile-Error C2100 \(MS VS2015\) in line 887 json.hpp [\#719](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/719)
+- from\_json not working for boost::optional example [\#718](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/718)
+- about from\_json and to\_json function [\#717](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/717)
+- How to detect parse failure? [\#715](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/715)
+- Parse throw std::ios\_base::failure exception when failbit set to true [\#714](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/714)
+- Is there a way of format just making a pretty print without changing the key's orders ? [\#713](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/713)
+- Serialization of array of not same model items [\#712](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/712)
+- pointer to json parse vector [\#711](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/711)
+- Gtest SEH Exception [\#709](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/709)
+- broken from\_json implementation for pair and tuple  [\#707](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/707)
+- Unevaluated lambda in assert breaks gcc 7 build [\#705](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/705)
+- Issues when adding values to firebase database [\#704](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/704)
+- Floating point equality - revisited [\#703](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/703)
+- Conversion from valarray\<double\> to json fails to build [\#702](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/702)
+- internal compiler error \(gcc7\)  [\#701](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/701)
+- One build system to rule them all [\#698](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/698)
+- Generated nlohmann\_jsonConfig.cmake does not set JSON\_INCLUDE\_DIR [\#695](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/695)
+- support the Chinese language in json string [\#694](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/694)
+- NaN problem within develop branch [\#693](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/693)
+- Please post example of specialization for boost::filesystem [\#692](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/692)
+- Impossible to do an array of composite objects [\#691](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/691)
+- How to save json to file? [\#690](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/690)
+- my simple json parser [\#689](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/689)
+- problem with new struct parsing syntax [\#688](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/688)
+- Parse error while parse the json string contains  UTF 8 encoded document bytes string [\#684](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/684)
+- \[question\] how to get a string value by pointer [\#683](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/683)
+- create json object from string variable [\#681](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/681)
+- adl\_serializer and CRTP [\#680](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/680)
+- Is there a way to control the precision of serialized floating point numbers? [\#677](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/677)
+- Is there a way to get the path of a value? [\#676](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/676)
+- Could the parser locate errors to line? [\#675](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/675)
+- There is performance inefficiency found by coverity tool json2.1.1/include/nlohmann/json.hpp [\#673](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/673)
+- include problem, when cmake on osx [\#672](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/672)
+- Operator= ambiguous in C++1z and GCC 7.1.1 [\#670](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/670)
+- should't the cmake install target be to nlohman/json.hpp [\#668](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/668)
+- deserialise from `std::vector` [\#667](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/667)
+- How to iterate? [\#665](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/665)
+- could this json lib work on windows? [\#664](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/664)
+- How does from\_json work? [\#662](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/662)
+- insert\(or merge\) object should replace same key , not ignore [\#661](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/661)
+- Parse method doesn't handle newlines. [\#659](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/659)
+- Compilation "note" on GCC 6 ARM [\#658](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/658)
+- Adding additional push\_back/operator+= rvalue overloads for JSON object [\#657](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/657)
+- dump's parameter "ensure\_ascii" creates too long sequences [\#656](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/656)
+- Question: parsing `void *` [\#655](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/655)
+- how should I check a string is valid JSON string ? [\#653](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/653)
+- Question: thread safety of read only accesses [\#651](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/651)
+- Eclipse: Method 'size' could not be resolved [\#649](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/649)
+- Update/Add object fields [\#648](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/648)
+- No exception raised for Out Of Range input of numbers [\#647](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/647)
+- Package Name [\#646](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/646)
+- What is the meaning of operator\[\]\(T\* key\) [\#645](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/645)
+- Which is the correct way to json objects as parameters to functions? [\#644](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/644)
+- Method to get string representations of values [\#642](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/642)
+-  CBOR serialization of a given JSON value does not serialize [\#641](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/641)
+- Are we forced to use "-fexceptions" flag in android ndk project [\#640](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/640)
+- Comparison of objects containing floats [\#639](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/639)
+- 'localeconv' is not supported by NDK for SDK  \<=20 [\#638](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/638)
+- \[Question\] cLion integration [\#637](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/637)
+- How to construct an iteratable usage in nlohmann json? [\#636](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/636)
+- \[Question\] copy assign json-container to vector [\#635](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/635)
+- Get size without .dump\(\) [\#634](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/634)
+- Segmentation fault when parsing invalid json file [\#633](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/633)
+- How to serialize from json to vector\<customType\>? [\#632](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/632)
+- no member named 'thousands\_sep' in 'lconv' [\#631](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/631)
+- \[Question\] Any fork for \(the unsupported\) Visual Studio 2012 version? [\#628](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/628)
+- Dependency injection in serializer [\#627](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/627)
+- from\_json for std::array [\#625](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/625)
+- Discussion: How to structure the parsing function families [\#623](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/623)
+- Question: How to erase subtree [\#622](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/622)
+- Insertion into nested json field [\#621](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/621)
+- Question: return static json object from function [\#618](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/618)
+- icc16 error [\#617](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/617)
+- \[-Wdeprecated-declarations\] in row `j >> ss;` in file `json.hpp:7405:26` and FAILED unit tests with MinGWx64! [\#616](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/616)
+- to\_json for pairs, tuples [\#614](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/614)
+- Using uninitialized memory 'buf' in line 11173 v2.1.1? [\#613](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/613)
+- How to parse multiple same Keys of JSON and save them? [\#612](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/612)
+- "Multiple declarations" error when using types defined with `typedef` [\#611](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/611)
+- 2.1.1+ breaks compilation of shared\_ptr\<json\> == 0 [\#610](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/610)
+- a bug of inheritance ?  [\#608](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/608)
+- std::map key conversion with to\_json [\#607](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/607)
+- json.hpp:6384:62: error: wrong number of template arguments \(1, should be 2\) [\#606](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/606)
+- Incremental parsing: Where's the push version? [\#605](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/605)
+- Is there a way to validate the structure of a json object ? [\#604](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/604)
+- \[Question\] Issue when using Appveyor when compiling library [\#603](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/603)
+- BOM not skipped when using json:parse\(iterator\) [\#602](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/602)
+- Use of the binary type in CBOR and Message Pack [\#601](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/601)
+- Newbie issue: how does one convert a map in Json back to std::map? [\#600](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/600)
+- Plugin system [\#599](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/599)
+- Using custom types for scalars? [\#596](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/596)
+- Issues with the arithmetic in iterator and reverse iterator [\#593](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/593)
+- not enough examples [\#592](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/592)
+- in-class initialization for type 'const T' is not yet implemented [\#591](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/591)
+- compiling with gcc 7 -\> error on bool operator \< [\#590](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/590)
+- Parsing from stream leads to an array [\#589](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/589)
+- Buggy support for binary string data [\#587](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/587)
+- C++17's ambiguous conversion [\#586](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/586)
+- How does the messagepack encoding/decoding compare to msgpack-cpp in terms of performance? [\#585](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/585)
+- is it possible to check existence of a value deep in hierarchy? [\#584](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/584)
+- loading from a stream and exceptions [\#582](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/582)
+- Visual Studio seems not to have all min\(\) function versions [\#581](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/581)
+- Supporting of the json schema [\#580](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/580)
+- Stack-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz 1444\) [\#577](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/577)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz 1400\) [\#575](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/575)
+- JSON escape quotes [\#574](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/574)
+- error: static\_assert failed [\#573](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/573)
+- Storing floats, and round trip serialisation/deserialisation diffs [\#572](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/572)
+- JSON.getLong produces inconsistent results [\#571](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/571)
+- Request: Object.at\(\) with default return value [\#570](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/570)
+- Internal structure gets corrupted while parsing [\#569](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/569)
+- create template \<typename Iter\> basic\_json from\_cbor\(Iter begin, Iter end\) [\#568](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/568)
+- Conan.io [\#566](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/566)
+- contradictory documentation regarding json::find [\#565](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/565)
+- Unexpected '\"' in middle of array [\#564](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/564)
+- Support parse std::pair to Json object [\#563](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/563)
+- json and Microsoft Visual c++ Compiler Nov 2012 CTP [\#562](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/562)
+- from\_json declaration order and exceptions [\#561](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/561)
+- Tip: Don't upgrade to VS2017 if using json initializer list constructs [\#559](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/559)
+- parse error - unexpected end of input [\#558](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/558)
+- Cant modify existing numbers inside a json object [\#557](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/557)
+- Better support for SAX style serialize and deserialize in new version? [\#554](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/554)
+- Cannot convert from json array to std::array [\#553](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/553)
+- Do not define an unnamed namespace in a header file \(DCL59-CPP\) [\#552](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/552)
+- Parse error on known good json file [\#551](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/551)
+- Warning on Intel compiler \(icc 17\) [\#550](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/550)
+- multiple versions of 'vsnprintf' [\#549](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/549)
+- illegal indirection [\#548](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/548)
+- Ambiguous compare operators with clang-5.0 [\#547](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/547)
+- Using tsl::ordered\_map [\#546](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546)
+- Compiler support errors are inconvenient [\#544](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/544)
+- Duplicate symbols error happens while to\_json/from\_json method implemented inside entity definition header file [\#542](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/542)
+- consider adding a bool json::is\_valid\(std::string const&\) non-member function [\#541](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/541)
+- Help request [\#539](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/539)
+- How to deal with missing keys in `from_json`? [\#538](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/538)
+- recursive from\_msgpack implementation will stack overflow [\#537](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/537)
+- Exception objects must be nothrow copy constructible \(ERR60-CPP\) [\#531](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/531)
+- Support for multiple root elements [\#529](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/529)
+- Port has\_shape from dropbox/json11 [\#528](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/528)
+- dump\_float: truncation from ptrdiff\_t to long [\#527](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/527)
+- Make exception base class visible in basic\_json [\#525](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/525)
+- msgpack unit test failures on ppc64 arch [\#524](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/524)
+- How about split the implementation out, and only leave the interface? [\#523](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/523)
+- VC++2017 not enough actual parameters for macro 'max' [\#522](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/522)
+- crash on empty ifstream [\#521](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/521)
+- Suggestion: Support tabs for indentation when serializing to stream. [\#520](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/520)
+- Abrt in get\_number \(OSS-Fuzz 885\) [\#519](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/519)
+- Abrt on unknown address \(OSS-Fuzz 884\) [\#518](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/518)
+- Stack-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz 869\) [\#517](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/517)
+- Assertion error \(OSS-Fuzz 868\) [\#516](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/516)
+- NaN to json and back [\#515](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/515)
+- Comparison of NaN [\#514](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/514)
+- why it's not possible to serialize c++11 enums directly [\#513](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/513)
+- clang compile error: use of overloaded operator '\<=' is ambiguous   with \(nlohmann::json{{"a", 5}}\)\["a"\] \<= 10 [\#512](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/512)
+- Why not also look inside the type for \(static\) to\_json and from\_json funtions? [\#511](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/511)
+- Parser issues [\#509](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/509)
+- I may not understand [\#507](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/507)
+- VS2017 min / max problem for 2.1.1 [\#506](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/506)
+- CBOR/MessagePack is not read until the end [\#505](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/505)
+- Assertion error \(OSS-Fuzz 856\) [\#504](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/504)
+- Return position in parse error exceptions [\#503](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/503)
+- conversion from/to C array is not supported [\#502](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/502)
+- error C2338: could not find to\_json\(\) method in T's namespace [\#501](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/501)
+- Test suite fails in en\_GB.UTF-8 [\#500](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/500)
+- cannot use operator\[\] with number [\#499](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/499)
+- consider using \_\_cpp\_exceptions and/or \_\_EXCEPTIONS to disable/enable exception support [\#498](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/498)
+- Stack-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 814\) [\#497](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/497)
+- Using in Unreal Engine - handling custom types conversion [\#495](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/495)
+- Conversion from vector\<bool\> to json fails to build [\#494](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/494)
+- fill\_line\_buffer incorrectly tests m\_stream for eof but not fail or bad bits [\#493](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/493)
+- Compiling with \_GLIBCXX\_DEBUG yields iterator-comparison warnings during tests [\#492](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/492)
+- crapy interface [\#491](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/491)
+- Fix Visual Studo 2013 builds. [\#490](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/490)
+- Failed to compile with -D\_GLIBCXX\_PARALLEL [\#489](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/489)
+- Input several field with the same name [\#488](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/488)
+- read in .json file yields strange sizes [\#487](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/487)
+- json::value\_t can't be a map's key type in VC++ 2015 [\#486](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/486)
+- Using fifo\_map [\#485](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485)
+- Cannot get float pointer for value stored as `0` [\#484](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/484)
+- byte string support [\#483](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/483)
+- https://github.com/nlohmann/json\#execute-unit-tests [\#481](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/481)
+- Remove deprecated constructor basic\_json\(std::istream&\) [\#480](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/480)
+- writing the binary json file? [\#479](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/479)
+- CBOR/MessagePack from uint8\_t \* and size [\#478](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/478)
+- Streaming binary representations  [\#477](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/477)
+- Reuse memory in to\_cbor and to\_msgpack functions [\#476](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/476)
+- Error Using JSON Library with arrays C++ [\#475](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/475)
+- Moving forward to version 3.0.0 [\#474](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/474)
+- Inconsistent behavior in conversion to array type [\#473](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/473)
+- Create a \[key:member\_pointer\] map to ease parsing custom types [\#471](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/471)
+- MSVC 2015 update 2 [\#469](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/469)
+- VS2017 implicit to std::string conversion fix. [\#464](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/464)
+- How to make sure a string or string literal is a valid JSON? [\#458](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/458)
+- basic\_json templated on a "policy" class [\#456](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/456)
+- json::value\(const json\_pointer&, ValueType\) requires exceptions to return the default value. [\#440](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/440)
+- is it possible merge two json object [\#428](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/428)
+- Is it possible to turn this into a shared library? [\#420](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/420)
+- Further thoughts on performance improvements [\#418](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/418)
+- nan number stored as null [\#388](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/388)
+- Behavior of operator\>\> should more closely resemble that of built-in overloads. [\#367](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/367)
+- Request: range-based-for over a json-object to expose .first/.second [\#350](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/350)
+- feature wish: JSONPath [\#343](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/343)
+- UTF-8/Unicode escape and dump [\#330](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/330)
+- Serialized value not always can be parsed. [\#329](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/329)
+- Is there a way to forward declare nlohmann::json? [\#314](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/314)
+- Exception line [\#301](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/301)
+- Do not throw exception when default\_value's type does not match the actual type [\#278](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/278)
+- dump\(\) method doesn't work with a custom allocator [\#268](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/268)
+- Readme documentation enhancements [\#248](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/248)
+- Use user-defined exceptions [\#244](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/244)
+- Incorrect C++11 allocator model support [\#161](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/161)
+
+## [v2.1.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.1.1) (2017-02-25)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/2.1.1...v2.1.1)
+
+- Speedup CI builds using cotire [\#461](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/461) ([tusharpm](https://github.com/tusharpm))
+- TurpentineDistillery feature/locale independent str to num [\#450](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/450) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- README: adjust boost::optional example [\#439](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/439) ([jaredgrubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb))
+- fix \#414 - comparing to 0 literal [\#415](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/415) ([stanmihai4](https://github.com/stanmihai4))
+- locale-independent num-to-str [\#378](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/378) ([TurpentineDistillery](https://github.com/TurpentineDistillery))
+
+## [2.1.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/2.1.1) (2017-02-25)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.1.0...2.1.1)
+
+- warning in the library [\#472](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/472)
+- How to create an array of Objects? [\#470](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/470)
+- \[Bug?\] Cannot get int pointer, but int64\_t works [\#468](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/468)
+- Illegal indirection [\#467](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/467)
+- in vs can't find linkageId   [\#466](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/466)
+- Roundtrip error while parsing "1000000000000000010E5" [\#465](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/465)
+- C4996 error and warning with Visual Studio [\#463](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/463)
+- Support startIndex for from\_cbor/from\_msgpack [\#462](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/462)
+- question: monospace font used in feature slideshow? [\#460](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/460)
+- Object.keys\(\) [\#459](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/459)
+- Use “, “ as delimiter for json-objects. [\#457](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/457)
+- Enum -\> string during serialization and vice versa [\#455](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/455)
+- doubles are printed as integers [\#454](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/454)
+- Warnings with Visual Studio c++ \(VS2015 Update 3\) [\#453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/453)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 585\) [\#452](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/452)
+- use of undeclared identifier 'UINT8\_MAX' [\#451](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/451)
+- Question on the lifetime managment of objects at the lower levels [\#449](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/449)
+- Json should not be constructible with 'json\*' [\#448](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/448)
+- Move value\_t to namespace scope [\#447](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/447)
+- Typo in README.md [\#446](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/446)
+- make check compilation is unneccesarily slow [\#445](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/445)
+- Problem in dump\(\) in json.h caused by ss.imbue [\#444](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/444)
+- I want to create Windows Application in Visual Studio 2015 c++, and i have a problem [\#443](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/443)
+- Implicit conversion issues [\#442](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/442)
+- Parsing of floats locale dependent [\#302](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/302)
+
+## [v2.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.1.0) (2017-01-28)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/2.1.0...v2.1.0)
+
+- conversion from/to user-defined types [\#435](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/435) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fix documentation error [\#430](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/430) ([vjon](https://github.com/vjon))
+
+## [2.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/2.1.0) (2017-01-28)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.10...2.1.0)
+
+- Parsing multiple JSON objects from a string or stream [\#438](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/438)
+- Use-of-uninitialized-value \(OSS-Fuzz issue 477\) [\#437](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/437)
+- add `reserve` function for array to reserve memory before adding json values into it [\#436](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/436)
+- Typo in examples page [\#434](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/434)
+- avoid malformed json [\#433](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/433)
+- How to add json objects to a map? [\#432](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/432)
+- create json instance from raw json \(unsigned char\*\) [\#431](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/431)
+- Getting std::invalid\_argument: stream error when following example [\#429](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/429)
+- Forward declare-only header? [\#427](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/427)
+- Implicit conversion from array to object [\#425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/425)
+- error C4996: 'strerror' when reading file [\#422](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/422)
+- Get an error - JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' [\#421](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/421)
+- size parameter for parse\(\) [\#419](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/419)
+- json.hpp forcibly defines GCC\_VERSION [\#417](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/417)
+- Use-of-uninitialized-value \(OSS-Fuzz issue 377\) [\#416](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/416)
+- comparing to 0 literal [\#414](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/414)
+- Single char converted to ASCII code instead of string [\#413](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/413)
+- How to know if a string  was parsed as utf-8? [\#406](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/406)
+- Overloaded += to add objects to an array makes no sense? [\#404](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/404)
+- Finding a value in an array [\#399](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/399)
+- add release information in static function [\#397](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/397)
+- Optimize memory usage of json objects in combination with binary serialization [\#373](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/373)
+- Conversion operators not considered [\#369](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/369)
+- Append ".0" to serialized floating\_point values that are digits-only. [\#362](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/362)
+- Add a customization point for user-defined types [\#328](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/328)
+- Conformance report for reference [\#307](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/307)
+- Document the best way to serialize/deserialize user defined types to json [\#298](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/298)
+- Add StringView template typename to basic\_json [\#297](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/297)
+- \[Improvement\] Add option to remove exceptions [\#296](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/296)
+- Performance in miloyip/nativejson-benchmark [\#202](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/202)
+
+## [v2.0.10](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.10) (2017-01-02)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/2.0.10...v2.0.10)
+
+- Feature/clang sanitize [\#410](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/410) ([Daniel599](https://github.com/Daniel599))
+- Add Doozer build badge [\#400](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/400) ([andoma](https://github.com/andoma))
+
+## [2.0.10](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/2.0.10) (2017-01-02)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.9...2.0.10)
+
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 367\) [\#412](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/412)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 366\) [\#411](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/411)
+- Use-of-uninitialized-value \(OSS-Fuzz issue 347\) [\#409](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/409)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 344\) [\#408](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/408)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 343\) [\#407](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/407)
+- Heap-buffer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 342\) [\#405](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/405)
+- strerror throwing error in compiler VS2015 [\#403](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/403)
+- json::parse of std::string being underlined by Visual Studio [\#402](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/402)
+- Explicitly getting string without .dump\(\)  [\#401](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/401)
+- Possible to speed up json::parse? [\#398](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/398)
+- the alphabetic order in the code influence console\_output. [\#396](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/396)
+- Execute tests with clang sanitizers [\#394](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/394)
+- Check if library can be used with ETL [\#361](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/361)
+
+## [v2.0.9](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.9) (2016-12-16)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/2.0.9...v2.0.9)
+
+- Replace class iterator and const\_iterator by using a single template class to reduce code. [\#395](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/395) ([Bosswestfalen](https://github.com/Bosswestfalen))
+- Clang: quiet a warning [\#391](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/391) ([jaredgrubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb))
+- Fix issue \#380: Signed integer overflow check [\#390](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/390) ([qwename](https://github.com/qwename))
+
+## [2.0.9](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/2.0.9) (2016-12-16)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.8...2.0.9)
+
+- \#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation" [\#393](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/393)
+- How to parse this json file and write separate sub object as json files? [\#392](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/392)
+- Integer-overflow \(OSS-Fuzz issue 267\) [\#389](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/389)
+- Implement indefinite-length types from RFC 7049 [\#387](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/387)
+- template parameter "T" is not used in declaring the parameter types of function template [\#386](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/386)
+- Serializing json instances containing already serialized string values without escaping [\#385](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/385)
+- Add test cases from RFC 7049 [\#384](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/384)
+- Add a table of contents to the README file [\#383](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/383)
+- Update FAQ section in the guidelines for contributing [\#382](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/382)
+- Allow for forward declaring nlohmann::json [\#381](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/381)
+- Bug in overflow detection when parsing integers [\#380](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/380)
+- A unique name to mention the library? [\#377](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/377)
+- Non-unique keys in objects. [\#375](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/375)
+- Request: binary serialization/deserialization [\#358](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/358)
+
+## [v2.0.8](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.8) (2016-12-02)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/2.0.8...v2.0.8)
+
+## [2.0.8](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/2.0.8) (2016-12-02)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.7...2.0.8)
+
+- Reading from file [\#374](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/374)
+- Compiler warnings? [\#372](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/372)
+- docs: how to release a json object in memory? [\#371](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/371)
+- crash in dump [\#370](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/370)
+- Coverity issue \(FORWARD\_NULL\) in lexer\(std::istream& s\) [\#368](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/368)
+- json::parse on failed stream gets stuck [\#366](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/366)
+- Performance improvements [\#365](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/365)
+- 'to\_string' is not a member of 'std'  [\#364](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/364)
+- Crash in dump\(\) from a static object [\#359](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/359)
+- json::parse\(...\) vs json j; j.parse\(...\) [\#357](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/357)
+- Hi, is there any method to dump  json to string with the insert order rather than alphabets [\#356](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/356)
+- Provide an example of reading from an json with only a key that has an array of strings. [\#354](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/354)
+- Request: access with default value. [\#353](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/353)
+- {} and \[\] causes parser error. [\#352](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/352)
+- Reading a JSON file into a JSON object [\#351](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/351)
+- Request: 'emplace\_back' [\#349](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/349)
+- Is it possible to stream data through the json parser without storing everything in memory? [\#347](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/347)
+- pure virtual conversion operator [\#346](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/346)
+- Floating point precision lost [\#345](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/345)
+- unit-conversions SIGSEGV on armv7hl [\#303](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/303)
+- Coverity scan fails [\#299](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/299)
+- Using QString as string type [\#274](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/274)
+
+## [v2.0.7](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.7) (2016-11-02)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.6...v2.0.7)
+
+- JSON5 [\#348](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/348)
+- Check "Parsing JSON is a Minefield" [\#344](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/344)
+- Allow hex numbers [\#342](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/342)
+- Convert strings to numbers [\#341](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/341)
+- ""-operators ignore the length parameter [\#340](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/340)
+- JSON into std::tuple [\#339](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/339)
+- JSON into vector [\#335](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/335)
+- Installing with Homebrew on Mac Errors \(El Capitan\) [\#331](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/331)
+- g++ make check results in error [\#312](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/312)
+- Cannot convert from 'json' to 'char' [\#276](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/276)
+- Please add a Pretty-Print option for arrays to stay always in one line [\#229](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/229)
+- Conversion to STL map\<string, vector\<int\>\> gives error [\#220](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/220)
+- std::unorderd\_map cannot be used as ObjectType [\#164](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/164)
+
+- fix minor grammar/style issue in README.md [\#336](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/336) ([seeekr](https://github.com/seeekr))
+
+## [v2.0.6](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.6) (2016-10-15)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.5...v2.0.6)
+
+- How to handle json files? [\#333](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/333)
+- This file requires compiler and library support .... [\#332](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/332)
+- Segmentation fault on saving json to file [\#326](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/326)
+- parse error - unexpected \<uninitialized\> with 2.0.5 [\#325](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/325)
+- Add nested object capability to pointers [\#323](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/323)
+- Fix usage examples' comments for std::multiset [\#322](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/322)
+- json\_unit runs forever when executed in build directory [\#319](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/319)
+- Visual studio 2015 update3 true != TRUE [\#317](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/317)
+- releasing single header file in compressed format [\#316](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/316)
+- json object from std::ifstream [\#315](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/315)
+
+- make has\_mapped\_type struct friendly [\#324](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/324) ([vpetrigo](https://github.com/vpetrigo))
+- Fix usage examples' comments for std::multiset [\#321](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/321) ([vasild](https://github.com/vasild))
+- Include dir relocation [\#318](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/318) ([ChristophJud](https://github.com/ChristophJud))
+- trivial documentation fix [\#313](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/313) ([5tefan](https://github.com/5tefan))
+
+## [v2.0.5](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.5) (2016-09-14)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.4...v2.0.5)
+
+- \[feature request\]: schema validator and comments [\#311](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/311)
+- make json\_benchmarks no longer working in 2.0.4 [\#310](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/310)
+- Segmentation fault \(core dumped\) [\#309](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/309)
+- No matching member function for call to 'get\_impl' [\#308](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/308)
+
+## [v2.0.4](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.4) (2016-09-11)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.3...v2.0.4)
+
+- Parsing fails without space at end of file [\#306](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/306)
+- json schema validator [\#305](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/305)
+- Unused variable warning [\#304](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/304)
+
+## [v2.0.3](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.3) (2016-08-31)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.2...v2.0.3)
+
+- warning C4706: assignment within conditional expression [\#295](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/295)
+- Q: Is it possible to build json tree from already UTF8 encoded values? [\#293](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/293)
+- Equality operator results in array when assigned object [\#292](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/292)
+- Support for integers not from the range \[-\(2\*\*53\)+1, \(2\*\*53\)-1\] in parser [\#291](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/291)
+- Support for iterator-range parsing [\#290](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/290)
+- Horribly inconsistent behavior between const/non-const reference in operator \[\] \(\) [\#289](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289)
+- Silently get numbers into smaller types [\#288](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/288)
+- Incorrect parsing of large int64\_t numbers [\#287](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/287)
+- \[question\]: macro to disable floating point support [\#284](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/284)
+
+- unit-constructor1.cpp: Fix floating point truncation warning [\#300](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/300) ([t-b](https://github.com/t-b))
+
+## [v2.0.2](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.2) (2016-07-31)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.1...v2.0.2)
+
+- can function dump\(\)  return string in the order I push in the json object ? [\#286](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/286)
+- Error on the Mac: Undefined symbols for architecture x86\_64 [\#285](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/285)
+- value\(\) does not work with \_json\_pointer types [\#283](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/283)
+- Build error for std::int64 [\#282](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/282)
+- strings can't be accessed after dump\(\)-\>parse\(\) - type is lost [\#281](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/281)
+- Easy serialization of classes [\#280](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/280)
+- recursive data structures [\#277](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/277)
+- hexify\(\) function emits conversion warning [\#270](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/270)
+
+- let the makefile choose the correct sed [\#279](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/279) ([murinicanor](https://github.com/murinicanor))
+- Update hexify to use array lookup instead of ternary \(\#270\) [\#275](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/275) ([dtoma](https://github.com/dtoma))
+
+## [v2.0.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.1) (2016-06-28)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v2.0.0...v2.0.1)
+
+- Compilation error. [\#273](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/273)
+- dump\(\) performance degradation in v2 [\#272](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/272)
+
+- fixed a tiny typo [\#271](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/271) ([feroldi](https://github.com/feroldi))
+
+## [v2.0.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v2.0.0) (2016-06-23)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v1.1.0...v2.0.0)
+
+- json::diff generates incorrect patch when removing multiple array elements. [\#269](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/269)
+- Docs - What does Json\[key\] return? [\#267](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/267)
+- Compiler Errors With JSON.hpp [\#265](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/265)
+- Ambiguous push\_back and operator+= overloads [\#263](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/263)
+- Preseving order of items in json [\#262](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/262)
+- '\' char problem in strings [\#261](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/261)
+- VS2015 compile fail [\#260](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/260)
+- -Wconversion warning [\#259](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/259)
+- Maybe a bug [\#258](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/258)
+- Few tests failed on Visual C++ 2015 [\#257](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/257)
+- Access keys when iteration with new for loop C++11 [\#256](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/256)
+- multiline text values [\#255](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/255)
+- Error when using json in g++ [\#254](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/254)
+- is the release 2.0? [\#253](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/253)
+- concatenate objects [\#252](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/252)
+- Encoding [\#251](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/251)
+- Unable to build example for constructing json object with stringstreams [\#250](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/250)
+- Hexadecimal support [\#249](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/249)
+- Update long-term goals [\#246](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/246)
+- Contribution To This Json Project [\#245](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/245)
+- Trouble using parser with initial dictionary [\#243](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/243)
+- Unit test fails when doing a CMake out-of-tree build [\#241](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/241)
+- -Wconversion warnings [\#239](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/239)
+- Additional integration options [\#237](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/237)
+- .get\<std::string\>\(\) works for non spaced string but returns as array for spaced/longer strings [\#236](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/236)
+- ambiguous overload for 'push\_back' and 'operator+=' [\#235](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/235)
+- Can't use basic\_json::iterator as a base iterator for std::move\_iterator [\#233](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/233)
+- json object's creation can freezes execution [\#231](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/231)
+- Incorrect dumping of parsed numbers with exponents, but without decimal places [\#230](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/230)
+- double values are serialized with commas as decimal points [\#228](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/228)
+- Move semantics with std::initializer\_list [\#225](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/225)
+- replace emplace [\#224](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/224)
+- abort during getline in yyfill [\#223](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/223)
+- free\(\): invalid pointer error in GCC 5.2.1 [\#221](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/221)
+- Error compile Android NDK  error: 'strtof' is not a member of 'std' [\#219](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/219)
+- Wrong link in the README.md [\#217](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/217)
+- Wide character strings not supported [\#216](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/216)
+- Memory allocations using range-based for loops [\#214](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/214)
+- would you like to support gcc 4.8.1?  [\#211](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/211)
+- Reading concatenated json's from an istream [\#210](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/210)
+- Conflicting typedef of ssize\_t on Windows 32 bit when using Boost.Python [\#204](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/204)
+- Inconsistency between operator\[\] and push\_back [\#203](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/203)
+- Small bugs in json.hpp \(get\_number\) and unit.cpp \(non-standard integer type test\) [\#199](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/199)
+- GCC/clang floating point parsing bug in strtod\(\) [\#195](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/195)
+- What is within scope? [\#192](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/192)
+- Bugs in miloyip/nativejson-benchmark: roundtrips [\#187](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/187)
+- Floating point exceptions [\#181](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/181)
+- Integer conversion to unsigned [\#178](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/178)
+- map string string fails to compile [\#176](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/176)
+- In basic\_json::basic\_json\(const CompatibleArrayType& val\), the requirement of CompatibleArrayType is not strict enough. [\#174](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/174)
+- Provide a FAQ [\#163](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/163)
+- Implicit assignment to std::string fails [\#144](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/144)
+
+- Fix Issue \#265 [\#266](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/266) ([06needhamt](https://github.com/06needhamt))
+- Define CMake/CTest tests [\#247](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/247) ([robertmrk](https://github.com/robertmrk))
+- Out of tree builds and a few other miscellaneous CMake cleanups. [\#242](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/242) ([ChrisKitching](https://github.com/ChrisKitching))
+- Implement additional integration options [\#238](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/238) ([robertmrk](https://github.com/robertmrk))
+- make serialization locale-independent [\#232](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/232) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- fixes \#223 by updating README.md [\#227](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/227) ([kevin--](https://github.com/kevin--))
+- Use namespace std for int64\_t and uint64\_t [\#226](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/226) ([lv-zheng](https://github.com/lv-zheng))
+- Added missing cerrno header to fix ERANGE compile error on android [\#222](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/222) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Corrected readme [\#218](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/218) ([Annihil](https://github.com/Annihil))
+- Create PULL\_REQUEST\_TEMPLATE.md [\#213](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/213) ([whackashoe](https://github.com/whackashoe))
+- fixed noexcept; added constexpr [\#208](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/208) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Add support for afl-fuzz testing [\#207](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/207) ([mykter](https://github.com/mykter))
+- replaced ssize\_t occurrences with auto \(addresses \#204\) [\#205](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/205) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- Fixed issue \#199 - Small bugs in json.hpp \(get\_number\) and unit.cpp \(non-standard integer type test\) [\#200](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/200) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Fix broken link [\#197](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/197) ([vog](https://github.com/vog))
+- Issue \#195 - update Travis to Trusty due to gcc/clang strtod\(\) bug [\#196](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/196) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Issue \#178 - Extending support to full uint64\_t/int64\_t range and unsigned type \(updated\) [\#193](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/193) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+
+## [v1.1.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v1.1.0) (2016-01-24)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v1.0.0...v1.1.0)
+
+- Small error in pull \#185 [\#194](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/194)
+- Bugs in miloyip/nativejson-benchmark: floating-point parsing [\#186](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/186)
+- Floating point equality [\#185](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/185)
+- Unused variables in catch [\#180](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/180)
+- Typo in documentation [\#179](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/179)
+- JSON performance benchmark comparision [\#177](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/177)
+- Since re2c is often ignored in pull requests, it may make sense to make a contributing.md file [\#175](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/175)
+- Question about exceptions [\#173](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/173)
+- Android? [\#172](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/172)
+- Cannot index by key of type static constexpr const char\* [\#171](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/171)
+- Add assertions [\#168](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/168)
+- MSVC 2015 build fails when attempting to compare object\_t [\#167](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/167)
+- Member detector is not portable [\#166](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/166)
+- Unnecessary const\_cast [\#162](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/162)
+- Question about get\_ref\(\) [\#128](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/128)
+- range based for loop for objects [\#83](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/83)
+- Consider submitting this to the Boost Library Incubator [\#66](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/66)
+
+- Fixed Issue \#186 - add strto\(f|d|ld\) overload wrappers, "-0.0" special case and FP trailing zero [\#191](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/191) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Issue \#185 - remove approx\(\) and use \#pragma to kill warnings [\#190](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/190) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Fixed Issue \#171 - added two extra template overloads of operator\[\] for T\* arguments [\#189](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/189) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Fixed issue \#167 - removed operator ValueType\(\) condition for VS2015 [\#188](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/188) ([twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby))
+- Implementation of get\_ref\(\) [\#184](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/184) ([dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt))
+- Fixed some typos in CONTRIBUTING.md [\#182](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/182) ([nibroc](https://github.com/nibroc))
+
+## [v1.0.0](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v1.0.0) (2015-12-27)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/v1.0.0-rc1...v1.0.0)
+
+- add key name to exception [\#160](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/160)
+- Getting member discarding qualifyer [\#159](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/159)
+- basic\_json::iterator::value\(\) output includes quotes while basic\_json::iterator::key\(\) doesn't [\#158](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/158)
+- Indexing `const basic_json<>` with `const basic_string<char>` [\#157](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/157)
+- token\_type\_name\(token\_type t\): not all control paths return a value [\#156](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/156)
+- prevent json.hpp from emitting compiler warnings [\#154](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/154)
+- json::parse\(string\) does not check utf8 bom [\#152](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/152)
+- unsigned 64bit values output as signed [\#151](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/151)
+- Wish feature: json5 [\#150](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/150)
+- Unable to compile on MSVC 2015 with SDL checking enabled: This function or variable may be unsafe. [\#149](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/149)
+- "Json Object" type does not keep object order [\#148](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/148)
+- dump\(\)  convert strings encoded by utf-8 to shift-jis on windows 10.  [\#147](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/147)
+- Unable to get field names in a json object [\#145](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/145)
+- Question: Is the use of incomplete type correct? [\#138](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/138)
+- json.hpp:5746:32: error: 'to\_string' is not a member of 'std' [\#136](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/136)
+- Bug in basic\_json::operator\[\] const overload [\#135](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/135)
+- wrong enable\_if for const pointer \(instead of pointer-to-const\) [\#134](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/134)
+- overload of at\(\) with default value [\#133](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/133)
+- Splitting source [\#132](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/132)
+- Question about get\_ptr\(\) [\#127](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/127)
+- Visual Studio 14 Debug assertion failed [\#125](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/125)
+- Memory leak in face of exceptions [\#118](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/118)
+- Find and Count for arrays [\#117](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/117)
+- dynamically constructing an arbitrarily nested object [\#114](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/114)
+- Returning any data type [\#113](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/113)
+- Compile error with g++ 4.9.3 cygwin 64-bit [\#112](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/112)
+- insert json array issue with gcc4.8.2 [\#110](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/110)
+- error: unterminated raw string [\#109](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/109)
+- vector\<json\> copy constructor really weird [\#108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/108)
+- \[clang-3.6.2\] string/sstream with number to json issue [\#107](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/107)
+- object field accessors [\#103](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/103)
+- v8pp and json [\#95](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/95)
+- Wishlist [\#65](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/65)
+- Windows/Visual Studio \(through 2013\) is unsupported [\#62](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/62)
+
+- Replace sprintf with hex function, this fixes \#149 [\#153](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/153) ([whackashoe](https://github.com/whackashoe))
+- Fix character skipping after a surrogate pair [\#146](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/146) ([robertmrk](https://github.com/robertmrk))
+- Detect correctly pointer-to-const [\#137](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/137) ([dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt))
+- disabled "CopyAssignable" test for MSVC in Debug mode, see \#125 [\#131](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/131) ([dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt))
+- removed stream operator for iterator, resolution for \#125 [\#130](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/130) ([dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt))
+- fixed typos in comments for examples [\#129](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/129) ([dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt))
+- Remove superfluous inefficiency [\#126](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/126) ([d-frey](https://github.com/d-frey))
+- remove invalid parameter '-stdlib=libc++' in CMakeLists.txt [\#124](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/124) ([emvivre](https://github.com/emvivre))
+- exception-safe object creation, fixes \#118 [\#122](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/122) ([d-frey](https://github.com/d-frey))
+- Fix small oversight. [\#121](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/121) ([ColinH](https://github.com/ColinH))
+- Overload parse\(\) to accept an rvalue reference [\#120](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/120) ([silverweed](https://github.com/silverweed))
+- Use the right variable name in doc string [\#115](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/115) ([whoshuu](https://github.com/whoshuu))
+
+## [v1.0.0-rc1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc1) (2015-07-26)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/compare/4502e7e51c0569419c26e75fbdd5748170603e54...v1.0.0-rc1)
+
+- Finish documenting the public interface in Doxygen [\#102](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/102)
+- Binary string causes numbers to be dumped as hex [\#101](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/101)
+- failed to iterator json object with reverse\_iterator [\#100](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/100)
+- 'noexcept' : unknown override specifier [\#99](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/99)
+- json float parsing problem [\#98](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/98)
+- Adjust wording to JSON RFC [\#97](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/97)
+- static analysis warnings [\#94](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/94)
+- reverse\_iterator operator inheritance problem [\#93](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/93)
+- init error [\#92](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/92)
+- access by \(const\) reference [\#91](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/91)
+- is\_integer and is\_float tests [\#90](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/90)
+- Nonstandard integer type [\#89](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/89)
+- static library build [\#84](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/84)
+- lexer::get\_number return NAN [\#82](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/82)
+- MinGW have no std::to\_string [\#80](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/80)
+- Incorrect behaviour of basic\_json::count method [\#78](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/78)
+- Invoking is\_array\(\) function creates "null" value [\#77](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/77)
+- dump\(\) / parse\(\) not idempotent [\#76](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/76)
+- Handle infinity and NaN cases [\#70](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/70)
+- errors in g++-4.8.1 [\#68](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/68)
+- Keys when iterating over objects [\#67](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/67)
+- Compilation results in tons of warnings [\#64](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/64)
+- Complete brief documentation [\#61](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/61)
+- Double quotation mark is not parsed correctly [\#60](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/60)
+- Get coverage back to 100% [\#58](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/58)
+- erase elements using iterators [\#57](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/57)
+- Removing item from array [\#56](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/56)
+- Serialize/Deserialize like PHP? [\#55](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/55)
+- Numbers as keys [\#54](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/54)
+- Why are elements alphabetized on key while iterating? [\#53](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/53)
+- Document erase, count, and iterators key and value [\#52](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/52)
+- Do not use std::to\_string [\#51](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/51)
+- Supported compilers [\#50](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/50)
+- Confused about iterating through json objects [\#49](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/49)
+- Use non-member begin/end [\#48](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/48)
+- Erase key [\#47](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/47)
+- Key iterator [\#46](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/46)
+- Add count member function [\#45](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/45)
+- Problem getting vector \(array\) of strings [\#44](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/44)
+- Compilation error due to assuming that private=public [\#43](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/43)
+- Use of deprecated implicit copy constructor [\#42](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/42)
+- Printing attribute names [\#39](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/39)
+- dumping a small number\_float just outputs 0.000000 [\#37](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/37)
+- find is error [\#32](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/32)
+- Avoid using spaces when encoding without pretty print [\#31](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/31)
+- Cannot encode long numbers [\#30](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/30)
+- segmentation fault when iterating over empty arrays/objects [\#28](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/28)
+- Creating an empty array [\#27](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/27)
+- Custom allocator support [\#25](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/25)
+- make the type of the used string container customizable [\#20](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/20)
+- Improper parsing of JSON string "\\" [\#17](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/17)
+- create a header-only version [\#16](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/16)
+- Don't return "const values" [\#15](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/15)
+- Add to\_string overload for indentation [\#13](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/13)
+- string parser does not recognize uncompliant strings [\#12](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/12)
+- possible double-free in find function [\#11](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/11)
+- UTF-8 encoding/deconding/testing [\#10](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/10)
+- move code into namespace [\#9](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/9)
+- free functions for explicit objects and arrays in initializer lists [\#8](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/8)
+- unique\_ptr for ownership [\#7](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/7)
+- Add unit tests [\#4](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/4)
+- Drop C++98 support [\#3](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3)
+- Test case coverage [\#2](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2)
+- Runtime error in Travis job [\#1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1)
+
+- Keyword 'inline' is useless when member functions are defined in headers [\#87](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/87) ([ahamez](https://github.com/ahamez))
+- Remove useless typename [\#86](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/86) ([ahamez](https://github.com/ahamez))
+- Avoid warning with Xcode's clang [\#85](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/85) ([ahamez](https://github.com/ahamez))
+-  Fix typos [\#73](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/73) ([aqnouch](https://github.com/aqnouch))
+- Replace `default_callback` function with `nullptr` and check for null… [\#72](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/72) ([aburgh](https://github.com/aburgh))
+- support enum [\#71](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/71) ([likebeta](https://github.com/likebeta))
+- Fix performance regression introduced with the parsing callback feature. [\#69](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/69) ([aburgh](https://github.com/aburgh))
+- Improve the implementations of the comparission-operators [\#63](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/63) ([Florianjw](https://github.com/Florianjw))
+- Fix compilation of json\_unit with GCC 5 [\#59](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/59) ([dkopecek](https://github.com/dkopecek))
+- Parse streams incrementally. [\#40](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/40) ([aburgh](https://github.com/aburgh))
+- Feature/small float serialization [\#38](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/38) ([jrandall](https://github.com/jrandall))
+- template version with re2c scanner [\#36](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/36) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+- more descriptive documentation in example [\#33](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/33) ([luxe](https://github.com/luxe))
+- Fix string conversion under Clang [\#26](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/26) ([wancw](https://github.com/wancw))
+- Fixed dumping of strings [\#24](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/24) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Added a remark to the readme that coverage is GCC only for now [\#23](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/23) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Unicode escaping [\#22](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/22) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Implemented the JSON spec for string parsing for everything but the \uXXXX escaping [\#21](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/21) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- add the std iterator typedefs to iterator and const\_iterator [\#19](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/19) ([kirkshoop](https://github.com/kirkshoop))
+- Fixed escaped quotes [\#18](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/18) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Fix double delete on std::bad\_alloc exception [\#14](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/14) ([elliotgoodrich](https://github.com/elliotgoodrich))
+- Added CMake and lcov [\#6](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/6) ([Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor))
+- Version 2.0 [\#5](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/5) ([nlohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann))
+
+
+
+\* *This Changelog was automatically generated by [github_changelog_generator](https://github.com/github-changelog-generator/github-changelog-generator)*
diff --git a/LICENSE.MIT b/LICENSE.MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0622d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License 
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43db74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+.PHONY: pretty clean ChangeLog.md release
+
+##########################################################################
+# configuration
+##########################################################################
+
+# directory to recent compiler binaries
+COMPILER_DIR=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin
+
+# find GNU sed to use `-i` parameter
+SED:=$(shell command -v gsed || which sed)
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# source files
+##########################################################################
+
+# the list of sources in the include folder
+SRCS=$(shell find include -type f | sort)
+
+# the single header (amalgamated from the source files)
+AMALGAMATED_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# documentation of the Makefile's targets
+##########################################################################
+
+# main target
+all:
+	@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
+	@echo "ChangeLog.md - generate ChangeLog file"
+	@echo "check-amalgamation - check whether sources have been amalgamated"
+	@echo "clean - remove built files"
+	@echo "doctest - compile example files and check their output"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing - prepare fuzz testing of the JSON parser"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing_bson - prepare fuzz testing of the BSON parser"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing_cbor - prepare fuzz testing of the CBOR parser"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing_msgpack - prepare fuzz testing of the MessagePack parser"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing_ubjson - prepare fuzz testing of the UBJSON parser"
+	@echo "pretty - beautify code with Artistic Style"
+	@echo "run_benchmarks - build and run benchmarks"
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# documentation tests
+##########################################################################
+
+# compile example files and check output
+doctest:
+	$(MAKE) check_output -C doc
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# benchmarks
+##########################################################################
+
+run_benchmarks:
+	rm -fr cmake-build-benchmarks
+	mkdir cmake-build-benchmarks
+	cd cmake-build-benchmarks ; cmake ../benchmarks -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+	cd cmake-build-benchmarks ; ninja
+	cd cmake-build-benchmarks ; ./json_benchmarks
+
+##########################################################################
+# fuzzing
+##########################################################################
+
+# the overall fuzz testing target
+fuzz_testing:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_afl_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_afl_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data/json_tests -size -5k -name *json | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
+fuzz_testing_bson:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_bson_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_bson_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data -size -5k -name *.bson | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
+fuzz_testing_cbor:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_cbor_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_cbor_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data -size -5k -name *.cbor | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
+fuzz_testing_msgpack:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_msgpack_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_msgpack_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data -size -5k -name *.msgpack | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
+fuzz_testing_ubjson:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_ubjson_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_ubjson_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data -size -5k -name *.ubjson | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
+fuzzing-start:
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer1 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer2 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer3 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer4 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer5 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer6 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -S fuzzer7 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer > /dev/null &
+	afl-fuzz -M fuzzer0 -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+
+fuzzing-stop:
+	-killall fuzzer
+	-killall afl-fuzz
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# Static analysis
+##########################################################################
+
+# call PVS-Studio Analyzer <https://www.viva64.com/en/pvs-studio/>
+pvs_studio:
+	rm -fr cmake-build-pvs-studio
+	mkdir cmake-build-pvs-studio
+	cd cmake-build-pvs-studio ; cmake .. -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=On -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+	cd cmake-build-pvs-studio ; pvs-studio-analyzer analyze -j 10
+	cd cmake-build-pvs-studio ; plog-converter -a'GA:1,2;64:1;CS' -t fullhtml PVS-Studio.log -o pvs
+	open cmake-build-pvs-studio/pvs/index.html
+
+##########################################################################
+# Code format and source amalgamation
+##########################################################################
+
+# call the Artistic Style pretty printer on all source files
+pretty:
+	astyle \
+		--style=allman \
+		--indent=spaces=4 \
+		--indent-modifiers \
+	    --indent-switches \
+	    --indent-preproc-block \
+	    --indent-preproc-define \
+	    --indent-col1-comments \
+	    --pad-oper \
+	    --pad-header \
+	    --align-pointer=type \
+	    --align-reference=type \
+	    --add-brackets \
+	    --convert-tabs \
+	    --close-templates \
+	    --lineend=linux \
+	    --preserve-date \
+	    --suffix=none \
+	    --formatted \
+	   $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) test/src/*.cpp test/src/*.hpp benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp doc/examples/*.cpp
+
+# call the Clang-Format on all source files
+pretty_format:
+	for FILE in $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) test/src/*.cpp test/src/*.hpp benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp doc/examples/*.cpp; do echo $$FILE; clang-format -i $$FILE; done
+
+# create single header file
+amalgamate: $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
+
+# call the amalgamation tool and pretty print
+$(AMALGAMATED_FILE): $(SRCS)
+	third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py -c third_party/amalgamate/config.json -s . --verbose=yes
+	$(MAKE) pretty
+
+# check if file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp has been amalgamated from the nlohmann sources
+# Note: this target is called by Travis
+check-amalgamation:
+	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~
+	@$(MAKE) amalgamate
+	@diff $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n  in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) ; false)
+	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# ChangeLog
+##########################################################################
+
+# Create a ChangeLog based on the git log using the GitHub Changelog Generator
+# (<https://github.com/github-changelog-generator/github-changelog-generator>).
+
+# variable to control the diffs between the last released version and the current repository state
+NEXT_VERSION ?= "unreleased"
+
+ChangeLog.md:
+	github_changelog_generator -o ChangeLog.md --user nlohmann --project json --simple-list --release-url https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/%s --future-release $(NEXT_VERSION)
+	$(SED) -i 's|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/HEAD|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/HEAD|' ChangeLog.md
+	$(SED) -i '2i All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).' ChangeLog.md
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# Release files
+##########################################################################
+
+# Create the files for a release and add signatures and hashes. We use `-X` to make the resulting ZIP file
+# reproducible, see <https://content.pivotal.io/blog/barriers-to-deterministic-reproducible-zip-files>.
+
+release:
+	rm -fr release_files
+	mkdir release_files
+	zip -9 --recurse-paths -X include.zip $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) meson.build LICENSE.MIT
+	gpg --armor --detach-sig include.zip
+	mv include.zip include.zip.asc release_files
+	gpg --armor --detach-sig $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
+	cp $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) release_files
+	mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE).asc release_files
+	cd release_files ; shasum -a 256 json.hpp > hashes.txt
+	cd release_files ; shasum -a 256 include.zip >> hashes.txt
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# Maintenance
+##########################################################################
+
+# clean up
+clean:
+	rm -fr json_unit json_benchmarks fuzz fuzz-testing *.dSYM test/*.dSYM oclint_report.html
+	rm -fr benchmarks/files/numbers/*.json
+	rm -fr cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64
+	rm -fr cmake-build-benchmarks cmake-build-pedantic fuzz-testing cmake-build-clang-analyze cmake-build-pvs-studio cmake-build-infer cmake_build
+	$(MAKE) clean -Cdoc
+
+##########################################################################
+# Thirdparty code
+##########################################################################
+
+update_hedley:
+	rm -f include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
+	curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nemequ/hedley/master/hedley.h -o include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
+	$(SED) -i 's/HEDLEY_/JSON_HEDLEY_/g' include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
+	grep "[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*undef" include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp | grep -v "__" | sort | uniq | $(SED) 's/ //g' | $(SED) 's/undef/undef /g' > include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
+	$(SED) -i '1s/^/#pragma once\n\n/' include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
+	$(SED) -i '1s/^/#pragma once\n\n/' include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
+	$(MAKE) amalgamate
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9c65e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1701 @@
+[![JSON for Modern C++](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/master/doc/json.gif)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json)
+[![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/1acb366xfyg3qybk/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json)
+[![Ubuntu](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AUbuntu)
+[![macOS](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AmacOS)
+[![Windows](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AWindows)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/nlohmann/json/badge.svg?branch=develop)](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json?branch=develop)
+[![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/5550/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
+[![Codacy Badge](https://app.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/e0d1a9d5d6fd46fcb655c4cb930bb3e8)](https://www.codacy.com/gh/nlohmann/json/dashboard?utm_source=github.com&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=nlohmann/json&amp;utm_campaign=Badge_Grade)
+[![Language grade: C/C++](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/grade/cpp/g/nlohmann/json.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/nlohmann/json/context:cpp)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/json.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:json)
+[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/3lCHrFUZANONKv7a)
+[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue.svg)](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/index.html)
+[![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/master/LICENSE.MIT)
+[![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
+[![GitHub Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/nlohmann/json/total)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
+[![GitHub Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues)
+[![Average time to resolve an issue](https://isitmaintained.com/badge/resolution/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://isitmaintained.com/project/nlohmann/json "Average time to resolve an issue")
+[![CII Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Sponsors-ff69b4)](https://github.com/sponsors/nlohmann)
+
+- [Design goals](#design-goals)
+- [Sponsors](#sponsors)
+- [Support](#support) ([documentation](https://json.nlohmann.me), [FAQ](http://127.0.0.1:8000/home/faq/), [discussions](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions), [API](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/), [bug issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues))
+- [Examples](#examples)
+  - [JSON as first-class data type](#json-as-first-class-data-type)
+  - [Serialization / Deserialization](#serialization--deserialization)
+  - [STL-like access](#stl-like-access)
+  - [Conversion from STL containers](#conversion-from-stl-containers)
+  - [JSON Pointer and JSON Patch](#json-pointer-and-json-patch)
+  - [JSON Merge Patch](#json-merge-patch)
+  - [Implicit conversions](#implicit-conversions)
+  - [Conversions to/from arbitrary types](#arbitrary-types-conversions)
+  - [Specializing enum conversion](#specializing-enum-conversion)
+  - [Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson)
+- [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers)
+- [Integration](#integration)
+  - [CMake](#cmake)
+  - [Package Managers](#package-managers)
+  - [Pkg-config](#pkg-config)
+- [License](#license)
+- [Contact](#contact)
+- [Thanks](#thanks)
+- [Used third-party tools](#used-third-party-tools)
+- [Projects using JSON for Modern C++](#projects-using-json-for-modern-c)
+- [Notes](#notes)
+- [Execute unit tests](#execute-unit-tests)
+
+## Design goals
+
+There are myriads of [JSON](https://json.org) libraries out there, and each may even have its reason to exist. Our class had these design goals:
+
+- **Intuitive syntax**. In languages such as Python, JSON feels like a first class data type. We used all the operator magic of modern C++ to achieve the same feeling in your code. Check out the [examples below](#examples) and you'll know what I mean.
+
+- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
+
+- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](https://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) best practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289).
+
+Other aspects were not so important to us:
+
+- **Memory efficiency**. Each JSON object has an overhead of one pointer (the maximal size of a union) and one enumeration element (1 byte). The default generalization uses the following C++ data types: `std::string` for strings, `int64_t`, `uint64_t` or `double` for numbers, `std::map` for objects, `std::vector` for arrays, and `bool` for Booleans. However, you can template the generalized class `basic_json` to your needs.
+
+- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set.
+
+See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+You can sponsor this library at [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nlohmann).
+
+### :label: Named Sponsors
+
+- [Michael Hartmann](https://github.com/reFX-Mike)
+- [Stefan Hagen](https://github.com/sthagen)
+- [Steve Sperandeo](https://github.com/homer6)
+- [Robert Jefe Lindstädt](https://github.com/eljefedelrodeodeljefe)
+- [Steve Wagner](https://github.com/ciroque)
+
+Thanks everyone!
+
+## Support
+
+:question: If you have a **question**, please check if it is already answered in the [**FAQ**](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/faq/) or the [**Q&A**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/categories/q-a) section. If not, please [**ask a new question**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/new) there.
+
+:books: If you want to **learn more** about how to use the library, check out the rest of the [**README**](#examples), have a look at [**code examples**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples), or browse through the [**help pages**](https://json.nlohmann.me).
+
+:construction: If you want to understand the **API** better, check out the [**API Reference**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/) or the [**Doxygen documentation**](https://json.nlohmann.me/doxygen/index.html).
+
+:bug: If you found a **bug**, please check the [**FAQ**](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/faq/) if it is a known issue or the result of a design decision. Please also have a look at the [**issue list**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues) before you [**create a new issue**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose). Please provide as many information as possible to help us understand and reproduce your issue.
+
+
+## Examples
+
+Beside the examples below, you may want to check the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) where each function contains a separate code example (e.g., check out [`emplace()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/emplace/)). All [example files](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples) can be compiled and executed on their own (e.g., file [emplace.cpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/emplace.cpp)).
+
+### JSON as first-class data type
+
+Here are some examples to give you an idea how to use the class.
+
+Assume you want to create the JSON object
+
+```json
+{
+  "pi": 3.141,
+  "happy": true,
+  "name": "Niels",
+  "nothing": null,
+  "answer": {
+    "everything": 42
+  },
+  "list": [1, 0, 2],
+  "object": {
+    "currency": "USD",
+    "value": 42.99
+  }
+}
+```
+
+With this library, you could write:
+
+```cpp
+// create an empty structure (null)
+json j;
+
+// add a number that is stored as double (note the implicit conversion of j to an object)
+j["pi"] = 3.141;
+
+// add a Boolean that is stored as bool
+j["happy"] = true;
+
+// add a string that is stored as std::string
+j["name"] = "Niels";
+
+// add another null object by passing nullptr
+j["nothing"] = nullptr;
+
+// add an object inside the object
+j["answer"]["everything"] = 42;
+
+// add an array that is stored as std::vector (using an initializer list)
+j["list"] = { 1, 0, 2 };
+
+// add another object (using an initializer list of pairs)
+j["object"] = { {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} };
+
+// instead, you could also write (which looks very similar to the JSON above)
+json j2 = {
+  {"pi", 3.141},
+  {"happy", true},
+  {"name", "Niels"},
+  {"nothing", nullptr},
+  {"answer", {
+    {"everything", 42}
+  }},
+  {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+  {"object", {
+    {"currency", "USD"},
+    {"value", 42.99}
+  }}
+};
+```
+
+Note that in all these cases, you never need to "tell" the compiler which JSON value type you want to use. If you want to be explicit or express some edge cases, the functions [`json::array()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/array/) and [`json::object()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/object/) will help:
+
+```cpp
+// a way to express the empty array []
+json empty_array_explicit = json::array();
+
+// ways to express the empty object {}
+json empty_object_implicit = json({});
+json empty_object_explicit = json::object();
+
+// a way to express an _array_ of key/value pairs [["currency", "USD"], ["value", 42.99]]
+json array_not_object = json::array({ {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} });
+```
+
+### Serialization / Deserialization
+
+#### To/from strings
+
+You can create a JSON value (deserialization) by appending `_json` to a string literal:
+
+```cpp
+// create object from string literal
+json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"_json;
+
+// or even nicer with a raw string literal
+auto j2 = R"(
+  {
+    "happy": true,
+    "pi": 3.141
+  }
+)"_json;
+```
+
+Note that without appending the `_json` suffix, the passed string literal is not parsed, but just used as JSON string value. That is, `json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"` would just store the string `"{ "happy": true, "pi": 3.141 }"` rather than parsing the actual object.
+
+The above example can also be expressed explicitly using [`json::parse()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/parse/):
+
+```cpp
+// parse explicitly
+auto j3 = json::parse(R"({"happy": true, "pi": 3.141})");
+```
+
+You can also get a string representation of a JSON value (serialize):
+
+```cpp
+// explicit conversion to string
+std::string s = j.dump();    // {"happy":true,"pi":3.141}
+
+// serialization with pretty printing
+// pass in the amount of spaces to indent
+std::cout << j.dump(4) << std::endl;
+// {
+//     "happy": true,
+//     "pi": 3.141
+// }
+```
+
+Note the difference between serialization and assignment:
+
+```cpp
+// store a string in a JSON value
+json j_string = "this is a string";
+
+// retrieve the string value
+auto cpp_string = j_string.get<std::string>();
+// retrieve the string value (alternative when an variable already exists)
+std::string cpp_string2;
+j_string.get_to(cpp_string2);
+
+// retrieve the serialized value (explicit JSON serialization)
+std::string serialized_string = j_string.dump();
+
+// output of original string
+std::cout << cpp_string << " == " << cpp_string2 << " == " << j_string.get<std::string>() << '\n';
+// output of serialized value
+std::cout << j_string << " == " << serialized_string << std::endl;
+```
+
+[`.dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/dump/) returns the originally stored string value.
+
+Note the library only supports UTF-8. When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/dump/) may throw an exception unless `json::error_handler_t::replace` or `json::error_handler_t::ignore` are used as error handlers.
+
+#### To/from streams (e.g. files, string streams)
+
+You can also use streams to serialize and deserialize:
+
+```cpp
+// deserialize from standard input
+json j;
+std::cin >> j;
+
+// serialize to standard output
+std::cout << j;
+
+// the setw manipulator was overloaded to set the indentation for pretty printing
+std::cout << std::setw(4) << j << std::endl;
+```
+
+These operators work for any subclasses of `std::istream` or `std::ostream`. Here is the same example with files:
+
+```cpp
+// read a JSON file
+std::ifstream i("file.json");
+json j;
+i >> j;
+
+// write prettified JSON to another file
+std::ofstream o("pretty.json");
+o << std::setw(4) << j << std::endl;
+```
+
+Please note that setting the exception bit for `failbit` is inappropriate for this use case. It will result in program termination due to the `noexcept` specifier in use.
+
+#### Read from iterator range
+
+You can also parse JSON from an iterator range; that is, from any container accessible by iterators whose `value_type` is an integral type of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 respectively. For instance, a `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, or a `std::list<std::uint16_t>`:
+
+```cpp
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+json j = json::parse(v.begin(), v.end());
+```
+
+You may leave the iterators for the range [begin, end):
+
+```cpp
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+json j = json::parse(v);
+```
+
+#### Custom data source
+
+Since the parse function accepts arbitrary iterator ranges, you can provide your own data sources by implementing the `LegacyInputIterator` concept.
+
+```cpp
+struct MyContainer {
+  void advance();
+  const char& get_current();
+};
+
+struct MyIterator {
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = char;
+    using pointer = const char*;
+    using reference = const char&;
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+
+    MyIterator& operator++() {
+        MyContainer.advance();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const MyIterator& rhs) const {
+        return rhs.target != target;
+    }
+
+    reference operator*() const {
+        return target.get_current();
+    }
+
+    MyContainer* target = nullptr;
+};
+
+MyIterator begin(MyContainer& tgt) {
+    return MyIterator{&tgt};
+}
+
+MyIterator end(const MyContainer&) {
+    return {};
+}
+
+void foo() {
+    MyContainer c;
+    json j = json::parse(c);
+}
+```
+
+#### SAX interface
+
+The library uses a SAX-like interface with the following functions:
+
+```cpp
+// called when null is parsed
+bool null();
+
+// called when a boolean is parsed; value is passed
+bool boolean(bool val);
+
+// called when a signed or unsigned integer number is parsed; value is passed
+bool number_integer(number_integer_t val);
+bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val);
+
+// called when a floating-point number is parsed; value and original string is passed
+bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s);
+
+// called when a string is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool string(string_t& val);
+// called when a binary value is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool binary(binary_t& val);
+
+// called when an object or array begins or ends, resp. The number of elements is passed (or -1 if not known)
+bool start_object(std::size_t elements);
+bool end_object();
+bool start_array(std::size_t elements);
+bool end_array();
+// called when an object key is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool key(string_t& val);
+
+// called when a parse error occurs; byte position, the last token, and an exception is passed
+bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const detail::exception& ex);
+```
+
+The return value of each function determines whether parsing should proceed.
+
+To implement your own SAX handler, proceed as follows:
+
+1. Implement the SAX interface in a class. You can use class `nlohmann::json_sax<json>` as base class, but you can also use any class where the functions described above are implemented and public.
+2. Create an object of your SAX interface class, e.g. `my_sax`.
+3. Call `bool json::sax_parse(input, &my_sax)`; where the first parameter can be any input like a string or an input stream and the second parameter is a pointer to your SAX interface.
+
+Note the `sax_parse` function only returns a `bool` indicating the result of the last executed SAX event. It does not return a  `json` value - it is up to you to decide what to do with the SAX events. Furthermore, no exceptions are thrown in case of a parse error - it is up to you what to do with the exception object passed to your `parse_error` implementation. Internally, the SAX interface is used for the DOM parser (class `json_sax_dom_parser`) as well as the acceptor (`json_sax_acceptor`), see file [`json_sax.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp).
+
+### STL-like access
+
+We designed the JSON class to behave just like an STL container. In fact, it satisfies the [**ReversibleContainer**](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer) requirement.
+
+```cpp
+// create an array using push_back
+json j;
+j.push_back("foo");
+j.push_back(1);
+j.push_back(true);
+
+// also use emplace_back
+j.emplace_back(1.78);
+
+// iterate the array
+for (json::iterator it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it) {
+  std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
+
+// range-based for
+for (auto& element : j) {
+  std::cout << element << '\n';
+}
+
+// getter/setter
+const auto tmp = j[0].get<std::string>();
+j[1] = 42;
+bool foo = j.at(2);
+
+// comparison
+j == R"(["foo", 1, true, 1.78])"_json;  // true
+
+// other stuff
+j.size();     // 4 entries
+j.empty();    // false
+j.type();     // json::value_t::array
+j.clear();    // the array is empty again
+
+// convenience type checkers
+j.is_null();
+j.is_boolean();
+j.is_number();
+j.is_object();
+j.is_array();
+j.is_string();
+
+// create an object
+json o;
+o["foo"] = 23;
+o["bar"] = false;
+o["baz"] = 3.141;
+
+// also use emplace
+o.emplace("weather", "sunny");
+
+// special iterator member functions for objects
+for (json::iterator it = o.begin(); it != o.end(); ++it) {
+  std::cout << it.key() << " : " << it.value() << "\n";
+}
+
+// the same code as range for
+for (auto& el : o.items()) {
+  std::cout << el.key() << " : " << el.value() << "\n";
+}
+
+// even easier with structured bindings (C++17)
+for (auto& [key, value] : o.items()) {
+  std::cout << key << " : " << value << "\n";
+}
+
+// find an entry
+if (o.contains("foo")) {
+  // there is an entry with key "foo"
+}
+
+// or via find and an iterator
+if (o.find("foo") != o.end()) {
+  // there is an entry with key "foo"
+}
+
+// or simpler using count()
+int foo_present = o.count("foo"); // 1
+int fob_present = o.count("fob"); // 0
+
+// delete an entry
+o.erase("foo");
+```
+
+
+### Conversion from STL containers
+
+Any sequence container (`std::array`, `std::vector`, `std::deque`, `std::forward_list`, `std::list`) whose values can be used to construct JSON values (e.g., integers, floating point numbers, Booleans, string types, or again STL containers described in this section) can be used to create a JSON array. The same holds for similar associative containers (`std::set`, `std::multiset`, `std::unordered_set`, `std::unordered_multiset`), but in these cases the order of the elements of the array depends on how the elements are ordered in the respective STL container.
+
+```cpp
+std::vector<int> c_vector {1, 2, 3, 4};
+json j_vec(c_vector);
+// [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+std::deque<double> c_deque {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6};
+json j_deque(c_deque);
+// [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6]
+
+std::list<bool> c_list {true, true, false, true};
+json j_list(c_list);
+// [true, true, false, true]
+
+std::forward_list<int64_t> c_flist {12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543};
+json j_flist(c_flist);
+// [12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543]
+
+std::array<unsigned long, 4> c_array {{1, 2, 3, 4}};
+json j_array(c_array);
+// [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+std::set<std::string> c_set {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+json j_set(c_set); // only one entry for "one" is used
+// ["four", "one", "three", "two"]
+
+std::unordered_set<std::string> c_uset {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+json j_uset(c_uset); // only one entry for "one" is used
+// maybe ["two", "three", "four", "one"]
+
+std::multiset<std::string> c_mset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+json j_mset(c_mset); // both entries for "one" are used
+// maybe ["one", "two", "one", "four"]
+
+std::unordered_multiset<std::string> c_umset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+json j_umset(c_umset); // both entries for "one" are used
+// maybe ["one", "two", "one", "four"]
+```
+
+Likewise, any associative key-value containers (`std::map`, `std::multimap`, `std::unordered_map`, `std::unordered_multimap`) whose keys can construct an `std::string` and whose values can be used to construct JSON values (see examples above) can be used to create a JSON object. Note that in case of multimaps only one key is used in the JSON object and the value depends on the internal order of the STL container.
+
+```cpp
+std::map<std::string, int> c_map { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3} };
+json j_map(c_map);
+// {"one": 1, "three": 3, "two": 2 }
+
+std::unordered_map<const char*, double> c_umap { {"one", 1.2}, {"two", 2.3}, {"three", 3.4} };
+json j_umap(c_umap);
+// {"one": 1.2, "two": 2.3, "three": 3.4}
+
+std::multimap<std::string, bool> c_mmap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
+json j_mmap(c_mmap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+// maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}
+
+std::unordered_multimap<std::string, bool> c_ummap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
+json j_ummap(c_ummap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+// maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}
+```
+
+### JSON Pointer and JSON Patch
+
+The library supports **JSON Pointer** ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) as alternative means to address structured values. On top of this, **JSON Patch** ([RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)) allows to describe differences between two JSON values - effectively allowing patch and diff operations known from Unix.
+
+```cpp
+// a JSON value
+json j_original = R"({
+  "baz": ["one", "two", "three"],
+  "foo": "bar"
+})"_json;
+
+// access members with a JSON pointer (RFC 6901)
+j_original["/baz/1"_json_pointer];
+// "two"
+
+// a JSON patch (RFC 6902)
+json j_patch = R"([
+  { "op": "replace", "path": "/baz", "value": "boo" },
+  { "op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"] },
+  { "op": "remove", "path": "/foo"}
+])"_json;
+
+// apply the patch
+json j_result = j_original.patch(j_patch);
+// {
+//    "baz": "boo",
+//    "hello": ["world"]
+// }
+
+// calculate a JSON patch from two JSON values
+json::diff(j_result, j_original);
+// [
+//   { "op":" replace", "path": "/baz", "value": ["one", "two", "three"] },
+//   { "op": "remove","path": "/hello" },
+//   { "op": "add", "path": "/foo", "value": "bar" }
+// ]
+```
+
+### JSON Merge Patch
+
+The library supports **JSON Merge Patch** ([RFC 7386](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7386)) as a patch format. Instead of using JSON Pointer (see above) to specify values to be manipulated, it describes the changes using a syntax that closely mimics the document being modified.
+
+```cpp
+// a JSON value
+json j_document = R"({
+  "a": "b",
+  "c": {
+    "d": "e",
+    "f": "g"
+  }
+})"_json;
+
+// a patch
+json j_patch = R"({
+  "a":"z",
+  "c": {
+    "f": null
+  }
+})"_json;
+
+// apply the patch
+j_document.merge_patch(j_patch);
+// {
+//  "a": "z",
+//  "c": {
+//    "d": "e"
+//  }
+// }
+```
+
+### Implicit conversions
+
+Supported types can be implicitly converted to JSON values.
+
+It is recommended to **NOT USE** implicit conversions **FROM** a JSON value.
+You can find more details about this recommendation [here](https://www.github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958).
+You can switch off implicit conversions by defining `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS` to `0` before including the `json.hpp` header. When using CMake, you can also achieve this by setting the option `JSON_ImplicitConversions` to `OFF`.
+
+```cpp
+// strings
+std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
+json js = s1;
+auto s2 = js.get<std::string>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+std::string s3 = js;
+std::string s4;
+s4 = js;
+
+// Booleans
+bool b1 = true;
+json jb = b1;
+auto b2 = jb.get<bool>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+bool b3 = jb;
+bool b4;
+b4 = jb;
+
+// numbers
+int i = 42;
+json jn = i;
+auto f = jn.get<double>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+double f2 = jb;
+double f3;
+f3 = jb;
+
+// etc.
+```
+
+Note that `char` types are not automatically converted to JSON strings, but to integer numbers. A conversion to a string must be specified explicitly:
+
+```cpp
+char ch = 'A';                       // ASCII value 65
+json j_default = ch;                 // stores integer number 65
+json j_string = std::string(1, ch);  // stores string "A"
+```
+
+### Arbitrary types conversions
+
+Every type can be serialized in JSON, not just STL containers and scalar types. Usually, you would do something along those lines:
+
+```cpp
+namespace ns {
+    // a simple struct to model a person
+    struct person {
+        std::string name;
+        std::string address;
+        int age;
+    };
+}
+
+ns::person p = {"Ned Flanders", "744 Evergreen Terrace", 60};
+
+// convert to JSON: copy each value into the JSON object
+json j;
+j["name"] = p.name;
+j["address"] = p.address;
+j["age"] = p.age;
+
+// ...
+
+// convert from JSON: copy each value from the JSON object
+ns::person p {
+    j["name"].get<std::string>(),
+    j["address"].get<std::string>(),
+    j["age"].get<int>()
+};
+```
+
+It works, but that's quite a lot of boilerplate... Fortunately, there's a better way:
+
+```cpp
+// create a person
+ns::person p {"Ned Flanders", "744 Evergreen Terrace", 60};
+
+// conversion: person -> json
+json j = p;
+
+std::cout << j << std::endl;
+// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}
+
+// conversion: json -> person
+auto p2 = j.get<ns::person>();
+
+// that's it
+assert(p == p2);
+```
+
+#### Basic usage
+
+To make this work with one of your types, you only need to provide two functions:
+
+```cpp
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace ns {
+    void to_json(json& j, const person& p) {
+        j = json{{"name", p.name}, {"address", p.address}, {"age", p.age}};
+    }
+
+    void from_json(const json& j, person& p) {
+        j.at("name").get_to(p.name);
+        j.at("address").get_to(p.address);
+        j.at("age").get_to(p.age);
+    }
+} // namespace ns
+```
+
+That's all! When calling the `json` constructor with your type, your custom `to_json` method will be automatically called.
+Likewise, when calling `get<your_type>()` or `get_to(your_type&)`, the `from_json` method will be called.
+
+Some important things:
+
+* Those methods **MUST** be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace `ns`, where `person` is defined).
+* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
+* When using `get<your_type>()`, `your_type` **MUST** be [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)
+* In function `from_json`, use function [`at()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/at/) to access the object values rather than `operator[]`. In case a key does not exist, `at` throws an exception that you can handle, whereas `operator[]` exhibits undefined behavior.
+* You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like `std::vector`: the library already implements these.
+
+#### Simplify your life with macros
+
+If you just want to serialize/deserialize some structs, the `to_json`/`from_json` functions can be a lot of boilerplate.
+
+There are two macros to make your life easier as long as you (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object:
+
+- `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)` is to be defined inside of the namespace of the class/struct to create code for.
+- `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)` is to be defined inside of the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members.
+
+In both macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.
+
+##### Examples
+
+The `to_json`/`from_json` functions for the `person` struct above can be created with:
+
+```cpp
+namespace ns {
+    NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(person, name, address, age)
+}
+```
+
+Here is an example with private members, where `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE` is needed:
+
+```cpp
+namespace ns {
+    class address {
+      private:
+        std::string street;
+        int housenumber;
+        int postcode;
+
+      public:
+        NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(address, street, housenumber, postcode)
+    };
+}
+```
+
+#### How do I convert third-party types?
+
+This requires a bit more advanced technique. But first, let's see how this conversion mechanism works:
+
+The library uses **JSON Serializers** to convert types to json.
+The default serializer for `nlohmann::json` is `nlohmann::adl_serializer` (ADL means [Argument-Dependent Lookup](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl)).
+
+It is implemented like this (simplified):
+
+```cpp
+template <typename T>
+struct adl_serializer {
+    static void to_json(json& j, const T& value) {
+        // calls the "to_json" method in T's namespace
+    }
+
+    static void from_json(const json& j, T& value) {
+        // same thing, but with the "from_json" method
+    }
+};
+```
+
+This serializer works fine when you have control over the type's namespace. However, what about `boost::optional` or `std::filesystem::path` (C++17)? Hijacking the `boost` namespace is pretty bad, and it's illegal to add something other than template specializations to `std`...
+
+To solve this, you need to add a specialization of `adl_serializer` to the `nlohmann` namespace, here's an example:
+
+```cpp
+// partial specialization (full specialization works too)
+namespace nlohmann {
+    template <typename T>
+    struct adl_serializer<boost::optional<T>> {
+        static void to_json(json& j, const boost::optional<T>& opt) {
+            if (opt == boost::none) {
+                j = nullptr;
+            } else {
+              j = *opt; // this will call adl_serializer<T>::to_json which will
+                        // find the free function to_json in T's namespace!
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void from_json(const json& j, boost::optional<T>& opt) {
+            if (j.is_null()) {
+                opt = boost::none;
+            } else {
+                opt = j.get<T>(); // same as above, but with
+                                  // adl_serializer<T>::from_json
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+#### How can I use `get()` for non-default constructible/non-copyable types?
+
+There is a way, if your type is [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible). You will need to specialize the `adl_serializer` as well, but with a special `from_json` overload:
+
+```cpp
+struct move_only_type {
+    move_only_type() = delete;
+    move_only_type(int ii): i(ii) {}
+    move_only_type(const move_only_type&) = delete;
+    move_only_type(move_only_type&&) = default;
+
+    int i;
+};
+
+namespace nlohmann {
+    template <>
+    struct adl_serializer<move_only_type> {
+        // note: the return type is no longer 'void', and the method only takes
+        // one argument
+        static move_only_type from_json(const json& j) {
+            return {j.get<int>()};
+        }
+
+        // Here's the catch! You must provide a to_json method! Otherwise you
+        // will not be able to convert move_only_type to json, since you fully
+        // specialized adl_serializer on that type
+        static void to_json(json& j, move_only_type t) {
+            j = t.i;
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+#### Can I write my own serializer? (Advanced use)
+
+Yes. You might want to take a look at [`unit-udt.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/test/src/unit-udt.cpp) in the test suite, to see a few examples.
+
+If you write your own serializer, you'll need to do a few things:
+
+- use a different `basic_json` alias than `nlohmann::json` (the last template parameter of `basic_json` is the `JSONSerializer`)
+- use your `basic_json` alias (or a template parameter) in all your `to_json`/`from_json` methods
+- use `nlohmann::to_json` and `nlohmann::from_json` when you need ADL
+
+Here is an example, without simplifications, that only accepts types with a size <= 32, and uses ADL.
+
+```cpp
+// You should use void as a second template argument
+// if you don't need compile-time checks on T
+template<typename T, typename SFINAE = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) <= 32>::type>
+struct less_than_32_serializer {
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T value) {
+        // we want to use ADL, and call the correct to_json overload
+        using nlohmann::to_json; // this method is called by adl_serializer,
+                                 // this is where the magic happens
+        to_json(j, value);
+    }
+
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+        // same thing here
+        using nlohmann::from_json;
+        from_json(j, value);
+    }
+};
+```
+
+Be **very** careful when reimplementing your serializer, you can stack overflow if you don't pay attention:
+
+```cpp
+template <typename T, void>
+struct bad_serializer
+{
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& value) {
+      // this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::to_json(j, value);
+      // if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!
+      j = value;
+    }
+
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+      // this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::from_json(j, value);
+      // if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!
+      value = j.template get<T>(); // oops!
+    }
+};
+```
+
+### Specializing enum conversion
+
+By default, enum values are serialized to JSON as integers. In some cases this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to JSON, the later de-serialized JSON data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended.
+
+It is possible to more precisely specify how a given enum is mapped to and from JSON as shown below:
+
+```cpp
+// example enum type declaration
+enum TaskState {
+    TS_STOPPED,
+    TS_RUNNING,
+    TS_COMPLETED,
+    TS_INVALID=-1,
+};
+
+// map TaskState values to JSON as strings
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM( TaskState, {
+    {TS_INVALID, nullptr},
+    {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"},
+    {TS_RUNNING, "running"},
+    {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"},
+})
+```
+
+The `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` macro declares a set of `to_json()` / `from_json()` functions for type `TaskState` while avoiding repetition and boilerplate serialization code.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```cpp
+// enum to JSON as string
+json j = TS_STOPPED;
+assert(j == "stopped");
+
+// json string to enum
+json j3 = "running";
+assert(j3.get<TaskState>() == TS_RUNNING);
+
+// undefined json value to enum (where the first map entry above is the default)
+json jPi = 3.14;
+assert(jPi.get<TaskState>() == TS_INVALID );
+```
+
+Just as in [Arbitrary Type Conversions](#arbitrary-types-conversions) above,
+- `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it and it will default to integer serialization.
+- It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions.
+
+Other Important points:
+- When using `get<ENUM_TYPE>()`, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully.
+- If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON.
+
+### Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)
+
+Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [BSON](https://bsonspec.org) (Binary JSON), [CBOR](https://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation), [MessagePack](https://msgpack.org), and [UBJSON](https://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
+
+```cpp
+// create a JSON value
+json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
+
+// serialize to BSON
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_bson = json::to_bson(j);
+
+// 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+
+// roundtrip
+json j_from_bson = json::from_bson(v_bson);
+
+// serialize to CBOR
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_cbor = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+// 0xA2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xF5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00
+
+// roundtrip
+json j_from_cbor = json::from_cbor(v_cbor);
+
+// serialize to MessagePack
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_msgpack = json::to_msgpack(j);
+
+// 0x82, 0xA7, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0xC3, 0xA6, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00
+
+// roundtrip
+json j_from_msgpack = json::from_msgpack(v_msgpack);
+
+// serialize to UBJSON
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_ubjson = json::to_ubjson(j);
+
+// 0x7B, 0x69, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x54, 0x69, 0x06, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x00, 0x7D
+
+// roundtrip
+json j_from_ubjson = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson);
+```
+
+The library also supports binary types from BSON, CBOR (byte strings), and MessagePack (bin, ext, fixext). They are stored by default as `std::vector<std::uint8_t>` to be processed outside of the library.
+
+```cpp
+// CBOR byte string with payload 0xCAFE
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {0x42, 0xCA, 0xFE};
+
+// read value
+json j = json::from_cbor(v);
+
+// the JSON value has type binary
+j.is_binary(); // true
+
+// get reference to stored binary value
+auto& binary = j.get_binary();
+
+// the binary value has no subtype (CBOR has no binary subtypes)
+binary.has_subtype(); // false
+
+// access std::vector<std::uint8_t> member functions
+binary.size(); // 2
+binary[0]; // 0xCA
+binary[1]; // 0xFE
+
+// set subtype to 0x10
+binary.set_subtype(0x10);
+
+// serialize to MessagePack
+auto cbor = json::to_msgpack(j); // 0xD5 (fixext2), 0x10, 0xCA, 0xFE
+```
+
+
+## Supported compilers
+
+Though it's 2021 already, the support for C++11 is still a bit sparse. Currently, the following compilers are known to work:
+
+- GCC 4.8 - 11.0 (and possibly later)
+- Clang 3.4 - 12.0 (and possibly later)
+- Apple Clang 9.1 - 12.4 (and possibly later)
+- Intel C++ Compiler 17.0.2 (and possibly later)
+- Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 / Build Tools 14.0.25123.0 (and possibly later)
+- Microsoft Visual C++ 2017 / Build Tools 15.5.180.51428 (and possibly later)
+- Microsoft Visual C++ 2019 / Build Tools 16.3.1+1def00d3d (and possibly later)
+
+I would be happy to learn about other compilers/versions.
+
+Please note:
+
+- GCC 4.8 has a bug [57824](https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57824)): multiline raw strings cannot be the arguments to macros. Don't use multiline raw strings directly in macros with this compiler.
+- Android defaults to using very old compilers and C++ libraries. To fix this, add the following to your `Application.mk`. This will switch to the LLVM C++ library, the Clang compiler, and enable C++11 and other features disabled by default.
+
+    ```
+    APP_STL := c++_shared
+    NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := clang3.6
+    APP_CPPFLAGS += -frtti -fexceptions
+    ```
+
+    The code compiles successfully with [Android NDK](https://developer.android.com/ndk/index.html?hl=ml), Revision 9 - 11 (and possibly later) and [CrystaX's Android NDK](https://www.crystax.net/en/android/ndk) version 10.
+
+- For GCC running on MinGW or Android SDK, the error `'to_string' is not a member of 'std'` (or similarly, for `strtod` or `strtof`) may occur. Note this is not an issue with the code,  but rather with the compiler itself. On Android, see above to build with a newer environment.  For MinGW, please refer to [this site](https://tehsausage.com/mingw-to-string) and [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/136) for information on how to fix this bug. For Android NDK using `APP_STL := gnustl_static`, please refer to [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/219).
+
+- Unsupported versions of GCC and Clang are rejected by `#error` directives. This can be switched off by defining `JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK`. Note that you can expect no support in this case.
+
+The following compilers are currently used in continuous integration at [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json), [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json), [Drone CI](https://cloud.drone.io/nlohmann/json), and [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions):
+
+| Compiler                                                          | Operating System   | CI Provider    |
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------|
+| Apple Clang 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4); Xcode 10.2.1              | macOS 10.14.4      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4); Xcode 10.3                | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.12); Xcode 11.2.1             | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17); Xcode 11.3.1             | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.59); Xcode 11.4.1             | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62); Xcode 11.5               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62); Xcode 11.6               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62); Xcode 11.7               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.2); Xcode 12                  | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.21); Xcode 12.1               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.21); Xcode 12.1.1             | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27); Xcode 12.2               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.28); Xcode 12.3               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| Apple Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29); Xcode 12.4               | macOS 10.15.7      | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu2)                                 | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 4.9.3 (Ubuntu 4.9.3-13ubuntu2)                                | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 5.4.0 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12)                        | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 6.5.0 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~14.04.1)                         | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-6ubuntu2)                                 | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 8.1.0 (x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)     | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 8.1.0 (i686-posix-dwarf-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)     | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 8.4.0 (Ubuntu 8.4.0-3ubuntu2)                                 | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04)                          | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 10.2.0 (Ubuntu 10.2.0-5ubuntu1~20.04)                         | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 11.0.1 20210321 (experimental)                                | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 11.1.0                                                        | Ubuntu (aarch64)   | Drone CI       |
+| Clang 3.5.2 (3.5.2-3ubuntu1)                                      | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 3.6.2 (3.6.2-3ubuntu2)                                      | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 3.7.1 (3.7.1-2ubuntu2)                                      | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 3.8.0 (3.8.0-2ubuntu4)                                      | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 3.9.1 (3.9.1-4ubuntu3\~16.04.2)                             | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 4.0.0 (4.0.0-1ubuntu1\~16.04.2)                             | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 5.0.0 (5.0.0-3\~16.04.1)                                    | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 6.0.1 (6.0.1-14)                                            | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 7.0.1 (7.0.1-12)                                            | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 8.0.1 (8.0.1-9)                                             | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 9.0.1 (9.0.1-12)                                            | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 10.0.0 (10.0.0-4ubuntu1)                                    | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 10.0.0 with GNU-like command-line                           | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 11.0.0 with GNU-like command-line                           | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 11.0.0 with MSVC-like command-line                          | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 11.0.0 (11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1)                             | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 12.1.0 (12.0.1-++20210423082613+072c90a863aa-1~exp1~20210423063319.76 | Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| Visual Studio 14 2015 MSVC 19.0.24241.7 (Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1) | Windows-6.3.9600 | AppVeyor |
+| Visual Studio 15 2017 MSVC 19.16.27035.0 (Build Engine version 15.9.21+g9802d43bc3 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.14393 | AppVeyor |
+| Visual Studio 15 2017 MSVC 19.16.27045.0 (Build Engine version 15.9.21+g9802d43bc3 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.14393 | GitHub Actions |
+| Visual Studio 16 2019 MSVC 19.28.29912.0 (Build Engine version 16.9.0+57a23d249 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.17763 | GitHub Actions |
+| Visual Studio 16 2019 MSVC 19.28.29912.0 (Build Engine version 16.9.0+57a23d249 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.17763 | AppVeyor |
+
+
+## Integration
+
+[`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp) is the single required file in `single_include/nlohmann` or [released here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases). You need to add
+
+```cpp
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+// for convenience
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+```
+
+to the files you want to process JSON and set the necessary switches to enable C++11 (e.g., `-std=c++11` for GCC and Clang).
+
+You can further use file [`include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp) for forward-declarations. The installation of json_fwd.hpp (as part of cmake's install step), can be achieved by setting `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`.
+
+### CMake
+
+You can also use the `nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json` interface target in CMake.  This target populates the appropriate usage requirements for `INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` to point to the appropriate include directories and `INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES` for the necessary C++11 flags.
+
+#### External
+
+To use this library from a CMake project, you can locate it directly with `find_package()` and use the namespaced imported target from the generated package configuration:
+
+```cmake
+# CMakeLists.txt
+find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+The package configuration file, `nlohmann_jsonConfig.cmake`, can be used either from an install tree or directly out of the build tree.
+
+#### Embedded
+
+To embed the library directly into an existing CMake project, place the entire source tree in a subdirectory and call `add_subdirectory()` in your `CMakeLists.txt` file:
+
+```cmake
+# Typically you don't care so much for a third party library's tests to be
+# run from your own project's code.
+set(JSON_BuildTests OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
+# If you only include this third party in PRIVATE source files, you do not
+# need to install it when your main project gets installed.
+# set(JSON_Install OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
+# Don't use include(nlohmann_json/CMakeLists.txt) since that carries with it
+# unintended consequences that will break the build.  It's generally
+# discouraged (although not necessarily well documented as such) to use
+# include(...) for pulling in other CMake projects anyways.
+add_subdirectory(nlohmann_json)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+##### Embedded (FetchContent)
+
+Since CMake v3.11,
+[FetchContent](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.11/module/FetchContent.html) can
+be used to automatically download the repository as a dependency at configure time.
+
+Example:
+```cmake
+include(FetchContent)
+
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/nlohmann/json.git
+  GIT_TAG v3.7.3)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(json)
+if(NOT json_POPULATED)
+  FetchContent_Populate(json)
+  add_subdirectory(${json_SOURCE_DIR} ${json_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+**Note**: The repository https://github.com/nlohmann/json download size is huge.
+It contains all the dataset used for the benchmarks. You might want to depend on
+a smaller repository. For instance, you might want to replace the URL above by
+https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/nlohmann_json_cmake_fetchcontent
+
+#### Supporting Both
+
+To allow your project to support either an externally supplied or an embedded JSON library, you can use a pattern akin to the following:
+
+``` cmake
+# Top level CMakeLists.txt
+project(FOO)
+...
+option(FOO_USE_EXTERNAL_JSON "Use an external JSON library" OFF)
+...
+add_subdirectory(thirdparty)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+# Note that the namespaced target will always be available regardless of the
+# import method
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+```cmake
+# thirdparty/CMakeLists.txt
+...
+if(FOO_USE_EXTERNAL_JSON)
+  find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
+else()
+  set(JSON_BuildTests OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+  add_subdirectory(nlohmann_json)
+endif()
+...
+```
+
+`thirdparty/nlohmann_json` is then a complete copy of this source tree.
+
+### Package Managers
+
+:beer: If you are using OS X and [Homebrew](https://brew.sh), just type `brew tap nlohmann/json` and `brew install nlohmann-json` and you're set. If you want the bleeding edge rather than the latest release, use `brew install nlohmann-json --HEAD`.
+
+If you are using the [Meson Build System](https://mesonbuild.com), add this source tree as a [meson subproject](https://mesonbuild.com/Subprojects.html#using-a-subproject). You may also use the `include.zip` published in this project's [Releases](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases) to reduce the size of the vendored source tree. Alternatively, you can get a wrap file by downloading it from [Meson WrapDB](https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/nlohmann_json), or simply use `meson wrap install nlohmann_json`. Please see the meson project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+The provided meson.build can also be used as an alternative to cmake for installing `nlohmann_json` system-wide in which case a pkg-config file is installed. To use it, simply have your build system require the `nlohmann_json` pkg-config dependency. In Meson, it is preferred to use the [`dependency()`](https://mesonbuild.com/Reference-manual.html#dependency) object with a subproject fallback, rather than using the subproject directly.
+
+If you are using [Conan](https://www.conan.io/) to manage your dependencies, merely add [`nlohmann_json/x.y.z`](https://conan.io/center/nlohmann_json) to your `conanfile`'s requires, where `x.y.z` is the release version you want to use. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+If you are using [Spack](https://www.spack.io/) to manage your dependencies, you can use the [`nlohmann-json` package](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/package_list.html#nlohmann-json). Please see the [spack project](https://github.com/spack/spack) for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+If you are using [hunter](https://github.com/cpp-pm/hunter) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann_json package](https://hunter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packages/pkg/nlohmann_json.html). Please see the hunter project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+If you are using [Buckaroo](https://buckaroo.pm), you can install this library's module with `buckaroo add github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json). There is a demo repo [here](https://github.com/njlr/buckaroo-nholmann-json-example).
+
+If you are using [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann-json package](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/ports/nlohmann-json). Please see the vcpkg project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+If you are using [cget](https://cget.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), you can install the latest development version with `cget install nlohmann/json`. A specific version can be installed with `cget install nlohmann/json@v3.1.0`. Also, the multiple header version can be installed by adding the `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON` flag (i.e., `cget install nlohmann/json -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`).
+
+If you are using [CocoaPods](https://cocoapods.org), you can use the library by adding pod `"nlohmann_json", '~>3.1.2'` to your podfile (see [an example](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/src/master/)). Please file issues [here](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/issues?status=new&status=open).
+
+If you are using [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org), you can use the package [nlohmann.json](https://www.nuget.org/packages/nlohmann.json/). Please check [this extensive description](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1132#issuecomment-452250255) on how to use the package. Please files issues [here](https://github.com/hnkb/nlohmann-json-nuget/issues).
+
+If you are using [conda](https://conda.io/), you can use the package [nlohmann_json](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock) from [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org) executing `conda install -c conda-forge nlohmann_json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock/issues).
+
+If you are using [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/), your can use the [mingw-w64-nlohmann-json](https://packages.msys2.org/base/mingw-w64-nlohmann-json) package, just type `pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-nlohmann-json` or `pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-nlohmann-json` for installation. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/new?title=%5Bnlohmann-json%5D) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+If you are using [`build2`](https://build2.org), you can use the [`nlohmann-json`](https://cppget.org/nlohmann-json) package from the public repository https://cppget.org or directly from the [package's sources repository](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json). In your project's `manifest` file, just add `depends: nlohmann-json` (probably with some [version constraints](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml#guide-add-remove-deps)). If you are not familiar with using dependencies in `build2`, [please read this introduction](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml).
+Please file issues [here](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+If you are using [`wsjcpp`](https://wsjcpp.org), you can use the command `wsjcpp install "https://github.com/nlohmann/json:develop"` to get the latest version. Note you can change the branch ":develop" to an existing tag or another branch.
+
+If you are using [`CPM.cmake`](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake), you can check this [`example`](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake/tree/master/examples/json). After [adding CPM script](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake#adding-cpm) to your project, implement the following snippet to your CMake:
+
+```cmake
+CPMAddPackage(
+    NAME nlohmann_json
+    GITHUB_REPOSITORY nlohmann/json
+    VERSION 3.9.1)
+```
+
+### Pkg-config
+
+If you are using bare Makefiles, you can use `pkg-config` to generate the include flags that point to where the library is installed:
+
+```sh
+pkg-config nlohmann_json --cflags
+```
+
+Users of the Meson build system will also be able to use a system wide library, which will be found by `pkg-config`:
+
+```meson
+json = dependency('nlohmann_json', required: true)
+```
+
+
+## License
+
+<img align="right" src="https://opensource.org/trademarks/opensource/OSI-Approved-License-100x137.png">
+
+The class is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT):
+
+Copyright &copy; 2013-2021 [Niels Lohmann](https://nlohmann.me)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+* * *
+
+The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2008-2009 [Björn Hoehrmann](https://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/) <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
+
+The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
+
+The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
+
+The class contains parts of [Google Abseil](https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp) which is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0).
+
+## Contact
+
+If you have questions regarding the library, I would like to invite you to [open an issue at GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose). Please describe your request, problem, or question as detailed as possible, and also mention the version of the library you are using as well as the version of your compiler and operating system. Opening an issue at GitHub allows other users and contributors to this library to collaborate. For instance, I have little experience with MSVC, and most issues in this regard have been solved by a growing community. If you have a look at the [closed issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed), you will see that we react quite timely in most cases.
+
+Only if your request would contain confidential information, please [send me an email](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me). For encrypted messages, please use [this key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc).
+
+## Security
+
+[Commits by Niels Lohmann](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/commits) and [releases](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases) are signed with this [PGP Key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc?fingerprint=797167ae41c0a6d9232e48457f3cea63ae251b69).
+
+## Thanks
+
+I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
+
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/develop/doc/avatars.png" align="right">
+
+- [Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor) implemented CMake support and lcov integration, realized escape and Unicode handling in the string parser, and fixed the JSON serialization.
+- [elliotgoodrich](https://github.com/elliotgoodrich) fixed an issue with double deletion in the iterator classes.
+- [kirkshoop](https://github.com/kirkshoop) made the iterators of the class composable to other libraries.
+- [wancw](https://github.com/wanwc) fixed a bug that hindered the class to compile with Clang.
+- Tomas Åblad found a bug in the iterator implementation.
+- [Joshua C. Randall](https://github.com/jrandall) fixed a bug in the floating-point serialization.
+- [Aaron Burghardt](https://github.com/aburgh) implemented code to parse streams incrementally. Furthermore, he greatly improved the parser class by allowing the definition of a filter function to discard undesired elements while parsing.
+- [Daniel Kopeček](https://github.com/dkopecek) fixed a bug in the compilation with GCC 5.0.
+- [Florian Weber](https://github.com/Florianjw) fixed a bug in and improved the performance of the comparison operators.
+- [Eric Cornelius](https://github.com/EricMCornelius) pointed out a bug in the handling with NaN and infinity values. He also improved the performance of the string escaping.
+- [易思龙](https://github.com/likebeta) implemented a conversion from anonymous enums.
+- [kepkin](https://github.com/kepkin) patiently pushed forward the support for Microsoft Visual studio.
+- [gregmarr](https://github.com/gregmarr) simplified the implementation of reverse iterators and helped with numerous hints and improvements. In particular, he pushed forward the implementation of user-defined types.
+- [Caio Luppi](https://github.com/caiovlp) fixed a bug in the Unicode handling.
+- [dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt) fixed some typos in the examples.
+- [Daniel Frey](https://github.com/d-frey) cleaned up some pointers and implemented exception-safe memory allocation.
+- [Colin Hirsch](https://github.com/ColinH) took care of a small namespace issue.
+- [Huu Nguyen](https://github.com/whoshuu) correct a variable name in the documentation.
+- [Silverweed](https://github.com/silverweed) overloaded `parse()` to accept an rvalue reference.
+- [dariomt](https://github.com/dariomt) fixed a subtlety in MSVC type support and implemented the `get_ref()` function to get a reference to stored values.
+- [ZahlGraf](https://github.com/ZahlGraf) added a workaround that allows compilation using Android NDK.
+- [whackashoe](https://github.com/whackashoe) replaced a function that was marked as unsafe by Visual Studio.
+- [406345](https://github.com/406345) fixed two small warnings.
+- [Glen Fernandes](https://github.com/glenfe) noted a potential portability problem in the `has_mapped_type` function.
+- [Corbin Hughes](https://github.com/nibroc) fixed some typos in the contribution guidelines.
+- [twelsby](https://github.com/twelsby) fixed the array subscript operator, an issue that failed the MSVC build, and floating-point parsing/dumping. He further added support for unsigned integer numbers and implemented better roundtrip support for parsed numbers.
+- [Volker Diels-Grabsch](https://github.com/vog) fixed a link in the README file.
+- [msm-](https://github.com/msm-) added support for American Fuzzy Lop.
+- [Annihil](https://github.com/Annihil) fixed an example in the README file.
+- [Themercee](https://github.com/Themercee) noted a wrong URL in the README file.
+- [Lv Zheng](https://github.com/lv-zheng) fixed a namespace issue with `int64_t` and `uint64_t`.
+- [abc100m](https://github.com/abc100m) analyzed the issues with GCC 4.8 and proposed a [partial solution](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/212).
+- [zewt](https://github.com/zewt) added useful notes to the README file about Android.
+- [Róbert Márki](https://github.com/robertmrk) added a fix to use move iterators and improved the integration via CMake.
+- [Chris Kitching](https://github.com/ChrisKitching) cleaned up the CMake files.
+- [Tom Needham](https://github.com/06needhamt) fixed a subtle bug with MSVC 2015 which was also proposed by [Michael K.](https://github.com/Epidal).
+- [Mário Feroldi](https://github.com/thelostt) fixed a small typo.
+- [duncanwerner](https://github.com/duncanwerner) found a really embarrassing performance regression in the 2.0.0 release.
+- [Damien](https://github.com/dtoma) fixed one of the last conversion warnings.
+- [Thomas Braun](https://github.com/t-b) fixed a warning in a test case and adjusted MSVC calls in the CI.
+- [Théo DELRIEU](https://github.com/theodelrieu) patiently and constructively oversaw the long way toward [iterator-range parsing](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/290). He also implemented the magic behind the serialization/deserialization of user-defined types and split the single header file into smaller chunks.
+- [Stefan](https://github.com/5tefan) fixed a minor issue in the documentation.
+- [Vasil Dimov](https://github.com/vasild) fixed the documentation regarding conversions from `std::multiset`.
+- [ChristophJud](https://github.com/ChristophJud) overworked the CMake files to ease project inclusion.
+- [Vladimir Petrigo](https://github.com/vpetrigo) made a SFINAE hack more readable and added Visual Studio 17 to the build matrix.
+- [Denis Andrejew](https://github.com/seeekr) fixed a grammar issue in the README file.
+- [Pierre-Antoine Lacaze](https://github.com/palacaze) found a subtle bug in the `dump()` function.
+- [TurpentineDistillery](https://github.com/TurpentineDistillery) pointed to [`std::locale::classic()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/locale/locale/classic) to avoid too much locale joggling, found some nice performance improvements in the parser, improved the benchmarking code, and realized locale-independent number parsing and printing.
+- [cgzones](https://github.com/cgzones) had an idea how to fix the Coverity scan.
+- [Jared Grubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb) silenced a nasty documentation warning.
+- [Yixin Zhang](https://github.com/qwename) fixed an integer overflow check.
+- [Bosswestfalen](https://github.com/Bosswestfalen) merged two iterator classes into a smaller one.
+- [Daniel599](https://github.com/Daniel599) helped to get Travis execute the tests with Clang's sanitizers.
+- [Jonathan Lee](https://github.com/vjon) fixed an example in the README file.
+- [gnzlbg](https://github.com/gnzlbg) supported the implementation of user-defined types.
+- [Alexej Harm](https://github.com/qis) helped to get the user-defined types working with Visual Studio.
+- [Jared Grubb](https://github.com/jaredgrubb) supported the implementation of user-defined types.
+- [EnricoBilla](https://github.com/EnricoBilla) noted a typo in an example.
+- [Martin Hořeňovský](https://github.com/horenmar) found a way for a 2x speedup for the compilation time of the test suite.
+- [ukhegg](https://github.com/ukhegg) found proposed an improvement for the examples section.
+- [rswanson-ihi](https://github.com/rswanson-ihi) noted a typo in the README.
+- [Mihai Stan](https://github.com/stanmihai4) fixed a bug in the comparison with `nullptr`s.
+- [Tushar Maheshwari](https://github.com/tusharpm) added [cotire](https://github.com/sakra/cotire) support to speed up the compilation.
+- [TedLyngmo](https://github.com/TedLyngmo) noted a typo in the README, removed unnecessary bit arithmetic, and fixed some `-Weffc++` warnings.
+- [Krzysztof Woś](https://github.com/krzysztofwos) made exceptions more visible.
+- [ftillier](https://github.com/ftillier) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [tinloaf](https://github.com/tinloaf) made sure all pushed warnings are properly popped.
+- [Fytch](https://github.com/Fytch) found a bug in the documentation.
+- [Jay Sistar](https://github.com/Type1J) implemented a Meson build description.
+- [Henry Lee](https://github.com/HenryRLee) fixed a warning in ICC and improved the iterator implementation.
+- [Vincent Thiery](https://github.com/vthiery) maintains a package for the Conan package manager.
+- [Steffen](https://github.com/koemeet) fixed a potential issue with MSVC and `std::min`.
+- [Mike Tzou](https://github.com/Chocobo1) fixed some typos.
+- [amrcode](https://github.com/amrcode) noted a misleading documentation about comparison of floats.
+- [Oleg Endo](https://github.com/olegendo) reduced the memory consumption by replacing `<iostream>` with `<iosfwd>`.
+- [dan-42](https://github.com/dan-42) cleaned up the CMake files to simplify including/reusing of the library.
+- [Nikita Ofitserov](https://github.com/himikof) allowed for moving values from initializer lists.
+- [Greg Hurrell](https://github.com/wincent) fixed a typo.
+- [Dmitry Kukovinets](https://github.com/DmitryKuk) fixed a typo.
+- [kbthomp1](https://github.com/kbthomp1) fixed an issue related to the Intel OSX compiler.
+- [Markus Werle](https://github.com/daixtrose) fixed a typo.
+- [WebProdPP](https://github.com/WebProdPP) fixed a subtle error in a precondition check.
+- [Alex](https://github.com/leha-bot) noted an error in a code sample.
+- [Tom de Geus](https://github.com/tdegeus) reported some warnings with ICC and helped fixing them.
+- [Perry Kundert](https://github.com/pjkundert) simplified reading from input streams.
+- [Sonu Lohani](https://github.com/sonulohani) fixed a small compilation error.
+- [Jamie Seward](https://github.com/jseward) fixed all MSVC warnings.
+- [Nate Vargas](https://github.com/eld00d) added a Doxygen tag file.
+- [pvleuven](https://github.com/pvleuven) helped fixing a warning in ICC.
+- [Pavel](https://github.com/crea7or) helped fixing some warnings in MSVC.
+- [Jamie Seward](https://github.com/jseward) avoided unnecessary string copies in `find()` and `count()`.
+- [Mitja](https://github.com/Itja) fixed some typos.
+- [Jorrit Wronski](https://github.com/jowr) updated the Hunter package links.
+- [Matthias Möller](https://github.com/TinyTinni) added a `.natvis` for the MSVC debug view.
+- [bogemic](https://github.com/bogemic) fixed some C++17 deprecation warnings.
+- [Eren Okka](https://github.com/erengy) fixed some MSVC warnings.
+- [abolz](https://github.com/abolz) integrated the Grisu2 algorithm for proper floating-point formatting, allowing more roundtrip checks to succeed.
+- [Vadim Evard](https://github.com/Pipeliner) fixed a Markdown issue in the README.
+- [zerodefect](https://github.com/zerodefect) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [Kert](https://github.com/kaidokert) allowed to template the string type in the serialization and added the possibility to override the exceptional behavior.
+- [mark-99](https://github.com/mark-99) helped fixing an ICC error.
+- [Patrik Huber](https://github.com/patrikhuber) fixed links in the README file.
+- [johnfb](https://github.com/johnfb) found a bug in the implementation of CBOR's indefinite length strings.
+- [Paul Fultz II](https://github.com/pfultz2) added a note on the cget package manager.
+- [Wilson Lin](https://github.com/wla80) made the integration section of the README more concise.
+- [RalfBielig](https://github.com/ralfbielig) detected and fixed a memory leak in the parser callback.
+- [agrianius](https://github.com/agrianius) allowed to dump JSON to an alternative string type.
+- [Kevin Tonon](https://github.com/ktonon) overworked the C++11 compiler checks in CMake.
+- [Axel Huebl](https://github.com/ax3l) simplified a CMake check and added support for the [Spack package manager](https://spack.io).
+- [Carlos O'Ryan](https://github.com/coryan) fixed a typo.
+- [James Upjohn](https://github.com/jammehcow) fixed a version number in the compilers section.
+- [Chuck Atkins](https://github.com/chuckatkins) adjusted the CMake files to the CMake packaging guidelines and provided documentation for the CMake integration.
+- [Jan Schöppach](https://github.com/dns13) fixed a typo.
+- [martin-mfg](https://github.com/martin-mfg) fixed a typo.
+- [Matthias Möller](https://github.com/TinyTinni) removed the dependency from `std::stringstream`.
+- [agrianius](https://github.com/agrianius) added code to use alternative string implementations.
+- [Daniel599](https://github.com/Daniel599) allowed to use more algorithms with the `items()` function.
+- [Julius Rakow](https://github.com/jrakow) fixed the Meson include directory and fixed the links to [cppreference.com](cppreference.com).
+- [Sonu Lohani](https://github.com/sonulohani) fixed the compilation with MSVC 2015 in debug mode.
+- [grembo](https://github.com/grembo) fixed the test suite and re-enabled several test cases.
+- [Hyeon Kim](https://github.com/simnalamburt) introduced the macro `JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH` to control the exception handling inside the library.
+- [thyu](https://github.com/thyu) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [David Guthrie](https://github.com/LEgregius) fixed a subtle compilation error with Clang 3.4.2.
+- [Dennis Fischer](https://github.com/dennisfischer) allowed to call `find_package` without installing the library.
+- [Hyeon Kim](https://github.com/simnalamburt) fixed an issue with a double macro definition.
+- [Ben Berman](https://github.com/rivertam) made some error messages more understandable.
+- [zakalibit](https://github.com/zakalibit) fixed a compilation problem with the Intel C++ compiler.
+- [mandreyel](https://github.com/mandreyel) fixed a compilation problem.
+- [Kostiantyn Ponomarenko](https://github.com/koponomarenko) added version and license information to the Meson build file.
+- [Henry Schreiner](https://github.com/henryiii) added support for GCC 4.8.
+- [knilch](https://github.com/knilch0r) made sure the test suite does not stall when run in the wrong directory.
+- [Antonio Borondo](https://github.com/antonioborondo) fixed an MSVC 2017 warning.
+- [Dan Gendreau](https://github.com/dgendreau) implemented the `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` macro to quickly define a enum/JSON mapping.
+- [efp](https://github.com/efp) added line and column information to parse errors.
+- [julian-becker](https://github.com/julian-becker) added BSON support.
+- [Pratik Chowdhury](https://github.com/pratikpc) added support for structured bindings.
+- [David Avedissian](https://github.com/davedissian) added support for Clang 5.0.1 (PS4 version).
+- [Jonathan Dumaresq](https://github.com/dumarjo) implemented an input adapter to read from `FILE*`.
+- [kjpus](https://github.com/kjpus) fixed a link in the documentation.
+- [Manvendra Singh](https://github.com/manu-chroma) fixed a typo in the documentation.
+- [ziggurat29](https://github.com/ziggurat29) fixed an MSVC warning.
+- [Sylvain Corlay](https://github.com/SylvainCorlay) added code to avoid an issue with MSVC.
+- [mefyl](https://github.com/mefyl) fixed a bug when JSON was parsed from an input stream.
+- [Millian Poquet](https://github.com/mpoquet) allowed to install the library via Meson.
+- [Michael Behrns-Miller](https://github.com/moodboom) found an issue with a missing namespace.
+- [Nasztanovics Ferenc](https://github.com/naszta) fixed a compilation issue with libc 2.12.
+- [Andreas Schwab](https://github.com/andreas-schwab) fixed the endian conversion.
+- [Mark-Dunning](https://github.com/Mark-Dunning) fixed a warning in MSVC.
+- [Gareth Sylvester-Bradley](https://github.com/garethsb-sony) added `operator/` for JSON Pointers.
+- [John-Mark](https://github.com/johnmarkwayve) noted a missing header.
+- [Vitaly Zaitsev](https://github.com/xvitaly) fixed compilation with GCC 9.0.
+- [Laurent Stacul](https://github.com/stac47) fixed compilation with GCC 9.0.
+- [Ivor Wanders](https://github.com/iwanders) helped reducing the CMake requirement to version 3.1.
+- [njlr](https://github.com/njlr) updated the Buckaroo instructions.
+- [Lion](https://github.com/lieff) fixed a compilation issue with GCC 7 on CentOS.
+- [Isaac Nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein) improved the integer serialization performance and  implemented the `contains()` function.
+- [past-due](https://github.com/past-due) suppressed an unfixable warning.
+- [Elvis Oric](https://github.com/elvisoric) improved Meson support.
+- [Matěj Plch](https://github.com/Afforix) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Mark Beckwith](https://github.com/wythe) fixed a typo.
+- [scinart](https://github.com/scinart) fixed bug in the serializer.
+- [Patrick Boettcher](https://github.com/pboettch) implemented `push_back()` and `pop_back()` for JSON Pointers.
+- [Bruno Oliveira](https://github.com/nicoddemus) added support for Conda.
+- [Michele Caini](https://github.com/skypjack) fixed links in the README.
+- [Hani](https://github.com/hnkb) documented how to install the library with NuGet.
+- [Mark Beckwith](https://github.com/wythe) fixed a typo.
+- [yann-morin-1998](https://github.com/yann-morin-1998) helped reducing the CMake requirement to version 3.1.
+- [Konstantin Podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov) maintains a package for the MSYS2 software distro.
+- [remyabel](https://github.com/remyabel) added GNUInstallDirs to the CMake files.
+- [Taylor Howard](https://github.com/taylorhoward92) fixed a unit test.
+- [Gabe Ron](https://github.com/Macr0Nerd) implemented the `to_string` method.
+- [Watal M. Iwasaki](https://github.com/heavywatal) fixed a Clang warning.
+- [Viktor Kirilov](https://github.com/onqtam) switched the unit tests from [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) to [doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest)
+- [Juncheng E](https://github.com/ejcjason) fixed a typo.
+- [tete17](https://github.com/tete17) fixed a bug in the `contains` function.
+- [Xav83](https://github.com/Xav83) fixed some cppcheck warnings.
+- [0xflotus](https://github.com/0xflotus) fixed some typos.
+- [Christian Deneke](https://github.com/chris0x44) added a const version of `json_pointer::back`.
+- [Julien Hamaide](https://github.com/crazyjul) made the `items()` function work with custom string types.
+- [Evan Nemerson](https://github.com/nemequ) updated fixed a bug in Hedley and updated this library accordingly.
+- [Florian Pigorsch](https://github.com/flopp) fixed a lot of typos.
+- [Camille Bégué](https://github.com/cbegue) fixed an issue in the conversion from  `std::pair` and `std::tuple` to `json`.
+- [Anthony VH](https://github.com/AnthonyVH) fixed a compile error in an enum deserialization.
+- [Yuriy Vountesmery](https://github.com/ua-code-dragon) noted a subtle bug in a preprocessor check.
+- [Chen](https://github.com/dota17) fixed numerous issues in the library.
+- [Antony Kellermann](https://github.com/aokellermann) added a CI step for GCC 10.1.
+- [Alex](https://github.com/gistrec) fixed an MSVC warning.
+- [Rainer](https://github.com/rvjr) proposed an improvement in the floating-point serialization in CBOR.
+- [Francois Chabot](https://github.com/FrancoisChabot) made performance improvements in the input adapters.
+- [Arthur Sonzogni](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni) documented how the library can be included via `FetchContent`.
+- [Rimas Misevičius](https://github.com/rmisev) fixed an error message.
+- [Alexander Myasnikov](https://github.com/alexandermyasnikov) fixed some examples and a link in the README.
+- [Hubert Chathi](https://github.com/uhoreg) made CMake's version config file architecture-independent.
+- [OmnipotentEntity](https://github.com/OmnipotentEntity) implemented the binary values for CBOR, MessagePack, BSON, and UBJSON.
+- [ArtemSarmini](https://github.com/ArtemSarmini) fixed a compilation issue with GCC 10 and fixed a leak.
+- [Evgenii Sopov](https://github.com/sea-kg) integrated the library to the wsjcpp package manager.
+- [Sergey Linev](https://github.com/linev) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [Miguel Magalhães](https://github.com/magamig) fixed the year in the copyright.
+- [Gareth Sylvester-Bradley](https://github.com/garethsb-sony) fixed a compilation issue with MSVC.
+- [Alexander “weej” Jones](https://github.com/alex-weej) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Antoine Cœur](https://github.com/Coeur) fixed some typos in the documentation.
+- [jothepro](https://github.com/jothepro) updated links to the Hunter package.
+- [Dave Lee](https://github.com/kastiglione) fixed link in the README.
+- [Joël Lamotte](https://github.com/Klaim) added instruction for using Build2's package manager.
+- [Paul Jurczak](https://github.com/pauljurczak) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Sonu Lohani](https://github.com/sonulohani) fixed a warning.
+- [Carlos Gomes Martinho](https://github.com/gocarlos) updated the Conan package source.
+- [Konstantin Podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov) fixed the MSYS2 package documentation.
+- [Tridacnid](https://github.com/Tridacnid) improved the CMake tests.
+- [Michael](https://github.com/MBalszun) fixed MSVC warnings.
+- [Quentin Barbarat](https://github.com/quentin-dev) fixed an example in the documentation.
+- [XyFreak](https://github.com/XyFreak) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [TotalCaesar659](https://github.com/TotalCaesar659) fixed links in the README.
+- [Tanuj Garg](https://github.com/tanuj208) improved the fuzzer coverage for UBSAN input.
+- [AODQ](https://github.com/AODQ) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [jwittbrodt](https://github.com/jwittbrodt) made `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE` inline.
+- [pfeatherstone](https://github.com/pfeatherstone) improved the upper bound of arguments of the `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE`/`NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE` macros.
+- [Jan Procházka](https://github.com/jprochazk) fixed a bug in the CBOR parser for binary and string values.
+- [T0b1-iOS](https://github.com/T0b1-iOS) fixed a bug in the new hash implementation.
+- [Matthew Bauer](https://github.com/matthewbauer) adjusted the CBOR writer to create tags for binary subtypes.
+- [gatopeich](https://github.com/gatopeich) implemented an ordered map container for `nlohmann::ordered_json`.
+- [Érico Nogueira Rolim](https://github.com/ericonr) added support for pkg-config.
+- [KonanM](https://github.com/KonanM) proposed an implementation for the `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE`/`NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE` macros.
+- [Guillaume Racicot](https://github.com/gracicot) implemented `string_view` support and allowed C++20 support.
+- [Alex Reinking](https://github.com/alexreinking) improved CMake support for `FetchContent`.
+- [Hannes Domani](https://github.com/ssbssa) provided a GDB pretty printer.
+- Lars Wirzenius reviewed the README file.
+- [Jun Jie](https://github.com/ongjunjie) fixed a compiler path in the CMake scripts.
+- [Ronak Buch](https://github.com/rbuch) fixed typos in the documentation.
+- [Alexander Karzhenkov](https://github.com/karzhenkov) fixed a move constructor and the Travis builds.
+- [Leonardo Lima](https://github.com/leozz37) added CPM.Cmake support.
+- [Joseph Blackman](https://github.com/jbzdarkid) fixed a warning.
+- [Yaroslav](https://github.com/YarikTH) updated doctest and implemented unit tests.
+- [Martin Stump](https://github.com/globberwops) fixed a bug in the CMake files.
+- [Jaakko Moisio](https://github.com/jasujm) fixed a bug in the input adapters.
+- [bl-ue](https://github.com/bl-ue) fixed some Markdown issues in the README file.
+- [William A. Wieselquist](https://github.com/wawiesel) fixed an example from the README.
+- [abbaswasim](https://github.com/abbaswasim) fixed an example from the README.
+- [Remy Jette](https://github.com/remyjette) fixed a warning.
+- [Fraser](https://github.com/frasermarlow) fixed the documentation.
+- [Ben Beasley](https://github.com/musicinmybrain) updated doctest.
+- [Doron Behar](https://github.com/doronbehar) fixed pkg-config.pc.
+- [raduteo](https://github.com/raduteo) fixed a warning.
+- [David Pfahler](https://github.com/theShmoo) added the possibility to compile the library without I/O support.
+- [Morten Fyhn Amundsen](https://github.com/mortenfyhn) fixed a typo.
+- [jpl-mac](https://github.com/jpl-mac) allowed to treat the library as a system header in CMake.
+- [Jason Dsouza](https://github.com/jasmcaus) fixed the indentation of the CMake file.
+- [offa](https://github.com/offa) added a link to Conan Center to the documentation.
+- [TotalCaesar659](https://github.com/TotalCaesar659) updated the links in the documentation to use HTTPS.
+- [Rafail Giavrimis](https://github.com/grafail) fixed the Google Benchmark default branch.
+- [Louis Dionne](https://github.com/ldionne) fixed a conversion operator.
+- [justanotheranonymoususer](https://github.com/justanotheranonymoususer) made the examples in the README more consistent.
+- [Finkman](https://github.com/Finkman) suppressed some `-Wfloat-equal` warnings.
+- [Ferry Huberts](https://github.com/fhuberts) fixed `-Wswitch-enum` warnings.
+
+Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I forgot someone.
+
+
+## Used third-party tools
+
+The library itself consists of a single header file licensed under the MIT license. However, it is built, tested, documented, and whatnot using a lot of third-party tools and services. Thanks a lot!
+
+- [**amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files**](https://github.com/edlund/amalgamate) to create a single header file
+- [**American fuzzy lop**](https://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) for fuzz testing
+- [**AppVeyor**](https://www.appveyor.com) for [continuous integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json) on Windows
+- [**Artistic Style**](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) for automatic source code indentation
+- [**Clang**](https://clang.llvm.org) for compilation with code sanitizers
+- [**CMake**](https://cmake.org) for build automation
+- [**Codacity**](https://www.codacy.com) for further [code analysis](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json)
+- [**Coveralls**](https://coveralls.io) to measure [code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json)
+- [**Coverity Scan**](https://scan.coverity.com) for [static analysis](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
+- [**cppcheck**](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net) for static analysis
+- [**doctest**](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest) for the unit tests
+- [**Doxygen**](https://www.doxygen.nl/index.html) to generate [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/index.html)
+- [**git-update-ghpages**](https://github.com/rstacruz/git-update-ghpages) to upload the documentation to gh-pages
+- [**GitHub Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/skywinder/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
+- [**Google Benchmark**](https://github.com/google/benchmark) to implement the benchmarks
+- [**Hedley**](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) to avoid re-inventing several compiler-agnostic feature macros
+- [**lcov**](http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php) to process coverage information and create a HTML view
+- [**libFuzzer**](https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to implement fuzz testing for OSS-Fuzz
+- [**OSS-Fuzz**](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) for continuous fuzz testing of the library ([project repository](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json))
+- [**Probot**](https://probot.github.io) for automating maintainer tasks such as closing stale issues, requesting missing information, or detecting toxic comments.
+- [**send_to_wandbox**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py) to send code examples to [Wandbox](https://wandbox.org)
+- [**Travis**](https://travis-ci.org) for [continuous integration](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) on Linux and macOS
+- [**Valgrind**](https://valgrind.org) to check for correct memory management
+- [**Wandbox**](https://wandbox.org) for [online examples](https://wandbox.org/permlink/3lCHrFUZANONKv7a)
+
+
+## Projects using JSON for Modern C++
+
+The library is currently used in Apple macOS Sierra and iOS 10. I am not sure what they are using the library for, but I am happy that it runs on so many devices.
+
+
+## Notes
+
+### Character encoding
+
+The library supports **Unicode input** as follows:
+
+- Only **UTF-8** encoded input is supported which is the default encoding for JSON according to [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html#section-8.1).
+- `std::u16string` and `std::u32string` can be parsed, assuming UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding, respectively. These encodings are not supported when reading from files or other input containers.
+- Other encodings such as Latin-1 or ISO 8859-1 are **not** supported and will yield parse or serialization errors.
+- [Unicode noncharacters](https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar1) will not be replaced by the library.
+- Invalid surrogates (e.g., incomplete pairs such as `\uDEAD`) will yield parse errors.
+- The strings stored in the library are UTF-8 encoded. When using the default string type (`std::string`), note that its length/size functions return the number of stored bytes rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+- When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/dump/) may throw an exception unless `json::error_handler_t::replace` or `json::error_handler_t::ignore` are used as error handlers.
+- To store wide strings (e.g., `std::wstring`), you need to convert them to a a UTF-8 encoded `std::string` before, see [an example](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/faq/#wide-string-handling).
+
+### Comments in JSON
+
+This library does not support comments by default. It does so for three reasons:
+
+1. Comments are not part of the [JSON specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259). You may argue that `//` or `/* */` are allowed in JavaScript, but JSON is not JavaScript.
+2. This was not an oversight: Douglas Crockford [wrote on this](https://plus.google.com/118095276221607585885/posts/RK8qyGVaGSr) in May 2012:
+
+	> I removed comments from JSON because I saw people were using them to hold parsing directives, a practice which would have destroyed interoperability.  I know that the lack of comments makes some people sad, but it shouldn't.
+
+	> Suppose you are using JSON to keep configuration files, which you would like to annotate. Go ahead and insert all the comments you like. Then pipe it through JSMin before handing it to your JSON parser.
+
+3. It is dangerous for interoperability if some libraries would add comment support while others don't. Please check [The Harmful Consequences of the Robustness Principle](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-iab-protocol-maintenance-01) on this.
+
+However, you can pass set parameter `ignore_comments` to true in the `parse` function to ignore `//` or `/* */` comments. Comments will then be treated as whitespace.
+
+### Order of object keys
+
+By default, the library does not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. This is standards-compliant, as the [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs".
+
+If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can try the type [`nlohmann::ordered_json`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2179). Alternatively, you can use a more sophisticated ordered map like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).
+
+### Memory Release
+
+We checked with Valgrind and the Address Sanitizer (ASAN) that there are no memory leaks.
+
+If you find that a parsing program with this library does not release memory, please consider the following case and it maybe unrelated to this library.
+
+**Your program is compiled with glibc.** There is a tunable threshold that glibc uses to decide whether to actually return memory to the system or whether to cache it for later reuse. If in your program you make lots of small allocations and those small allocations are not a contiguous block and are presumably below the threshold, then they will not get returned to the OS.
+Here is a related issue [#1924](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1924).
+
+### Further notes
+
+- The code contains numerous debug **assertions** which can be switched off by defining the preprocessor macro `NDEBUG`, see the [documentation of `assert`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert). In particular, note [`operator[]`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/) implements **unchecked access** for const objects: If the given key is not present, the behavior is undefined (think of a dereferenced null pointer) and yields an [assertion failure](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289) if assertions are switched on. If you are not sure whether an element in an object exists, use checked access with the [`at()` function](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/api/basic_json/at/). Furthermore, you can define `JSON_ASSERT(x)` to replace calls to `assert(x)`.
+- As the exact type of a number is not defined in the [JSON specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html), this library tries to choose the best fitting C++ number type automatically. As a result, the type `double` may be used to store numbers which may yield [**floating-point exceptions**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/181) in certain rare situations if floating-point exceptions have been unmasked in the calling code. These exceptions are not caused by the library and need to be fixed in the calling code, such as by re-masking the exceptions prior to calling library functions.
+- The code can be compiled without C++ **runtime type identification** features; that is, you can use the `-fno-rtti` compiler flag.
+- **Exceptions** are used widely within the library. They can, however, be switched off with either using the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions` or by defining the symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`. In this case, exceptions are replaced by `abort()` calls. You can further control this behavior by defining `JSON_THROW_USER` (overriding `throw`), `JSON_TRY_USER` (overriding `try`), and `JSON_CATCH_USER` (overriding `catch`). Note that `JSON_THROW_USER` should leave the current scope (e.g., by throwing or aborting), as continuing after it may yield undefined behavior. Note the explanatory [`what()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception/what) string of exceptions is not available for MSVC if exceptions are disabled, see [#2824](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824).
+
+## Execute unit tests
+
+To compile and run the tests, you need to execute
+
+```sh
+$ mkdir build
+$ cd build
+$ cmake .. -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+$ cmake --build .
+$ ctest --output-on-failure
+```
+
+Note that during the `ctest` stage, several JSON test files are downloaded from an [external repository](https://github.com/nlohmann/json_test_data). If policies forbid downloading artifacts during testing, you can download the files yourself and pass the directory with the test files via `-DJSON_TestDataDirectory=path` to CMake. Then, no Internet connectivity is required. See [issue #2189](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2189) for more information.
+
+In case you have downloaded the library rather than checked out the code via Git, test `cmake_fetch_content_configure` will fail. Please execute `ctest -LE git_required` to skip these tests. See [issue #2189](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2189) for more information.
+
+Some tests change the installed files and hence make the whole process not reproducible. Please execute `ctest -LE not_reproducible` to skip these tests. See [issue #2324](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2324) for more information.
+
+Note you need to call `cmake -LE "not_reproducible|git_required"` to exclude both labels. See [issue #2596](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2596) for more information.
+
+As Intel compilers use unsafe floating point optimization by default, the unit tests may fail. Use flag [`/fp:precise`](https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/documentation/cpp-compiler-developer-guide-and-reference/top/compiler-reference/compiler-options/compiler-option-details/floating-point-options/fp-model-fp.html) then.
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0157e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+version: '{build}'
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Debug
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      name: with_win_header
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8 /W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: "-DJSON_ImplicitConversions=OFF"
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x64
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x64
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /Zc:__cplusplus /utf-8 /F4000000 /W4 /WX"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: "/STACK:4000000"
+      CMAKE_OPTIONS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+
+init:
+  - cmake --version
+  - msbuild /version
+
+install:
+  - if "%platform%"=="x86"    set GENERATOR_PLATFORM=Win32
+
+before_build:
+  # for with_win_header build, inject the inclusion of Windows.h to the single-header library
+  - ps: if ($env:name -Eq "with_win_header") { $header_path = "single_include\nlohmann\json.hpp" }
+  - ps: if ($env:name -Eq "with_win_header") { "#include <Windows.h>`n" + (Get-Content $header_path | Out-String) | Set-Content $header_path }
+  - cmake . -G "%GENERATOR%" -A "%GENERATOR_PLATFORM%" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="%CXX_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="%LINKER_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_IGNORE_PATH="C:/Program Files/Git/usr/bin" -DJSON_BuildTests=On "%CMAKE_OPTIONS%"
+
+build_script:
+  - cmake --build . --config "%configuration%"
+
+test_script:
+  - if "%configuration%"=="Release" ctest -C "%configuration%" -V -j
+  # On Debug builds, skip test-unicode_all
+  # as it is extremely slow to run and cause
+  # occasional timeouts on AppVeyor.
+  # More info: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1570
+  - if "%configuration%"=="Debug" ctest --exclude-regex "test-unicode" -C "%configuration%" -V -j
diff --git a/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt b/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1243f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
+project(JSON_Benchmarks LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+# set compiler flags
+if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU) OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES Clang))
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -flto -DNDEBUG -O3")
+endif()
+
+# configure Google Benchmarks
+include(FetchContent)
+FetchContent_Declare(
+    benchmark
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
+    GIT_TAG origin/main
+    GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
+)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(benchmark)
+if(NOT benchmark_POPULATED)
+    FetchContent_Populate(benchmark)
+    set(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING OFF CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
+    add_subdirectory(${benchmark_SOURCE_DIR} ${benchmark_BINARY_DIR})
+endif()
+
+# download test data
+include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/download_test_data.cmake)
+
+# benchmark binary
+add_executable(json_benchmarks src/benchmarks.cpp)
+target_compile_features(json_benchmarks PRIVATE cxx_std_11)
+target_link_libraries(json_benchmarks benchmark ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+add_dependencies(json_benchmarks download_test_data)
+target_include_directories(json_benchmarks PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../single_include ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)
diff --git a/benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp b/benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f32a61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// parse JSON from file
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void ParseFile(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
+{
+    while (state.KeepRunning())
+    {
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        auto* f = new std::ifstream(filename);
+        auto* j = new json();
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+
+        *j = json::parse(*f);
+
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        delete f;
+        delete j;
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+    }
+
+    std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * file.tellg());
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, jeopardy,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, canada,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, citm_catalog,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, twitter,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, floats,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, signed_ints,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, unsigned_ints,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, small_signed_ints, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json");
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// parse JSON from string
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void ParseString(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
+{
+    std::ifstream f(filename);
+    std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning())
+    {
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        auto* j = new json();
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+
+        *j = json::parse(str);
+
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        delete j;
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * str.size());
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, jeopardy,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, canada,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, citm_catalog,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, twitter,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, floats,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, signed_ints,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, unsigned_ints,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, small_signed_ints, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json");
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// serialize JSON
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void Dump(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename, int indent)
+{
+    std::ifstream f(filename);
+    std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+    json j = json::parse(str);
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning())
+    {
+        j.dump(indent);
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * j.dump(indent).size());
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / -,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / 4,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / -,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / 4,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / -,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / 4,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / -,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / 4,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / -,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",                 -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / 4,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",                 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / -,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",            -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / 4,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",            4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / -,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",          -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / 4,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",          4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, small_signed_ints / -, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json",      -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, small_signed_ints / 4, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json",      4);
+
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/cmake/ci.cmake b/cmake/ci.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ae527b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/ci.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,835 @@
+# number of parallel jobs for CTest
+set(N 10)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Needed tools.
+###############################################################################
+
+include(FindPython3)
+find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter)
+
+find_program(ASTYLE_TOOL NAMES astyle)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${ASTYLE_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE ASTYLE_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE ASTYLE_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" ASTYLE_TOOL_VERSION "${ASTYLE_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Artistic Style ${ASTYLE_TOOL_VERSION} (${ASTYLE_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(CLANG_TOOL NAMES clang++-HEAD clang++-12 clang++-11 clang++)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${CLANG_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CLANG_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE CLANG_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" CLANG_TOOL_VERSION "${CLANG_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Clang ${CLANG_TOOL_VERSION} (${CLANG_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(CLANG_TIDY_TOOL NAMES clang-tidy-12 clang-tidy-11 clang-tidy)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION "${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Clang-Tidy ${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION} (${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL})")
+
+message(STATUS "🔖 CMake ${CMAKE_VERSION} (${CMAKE_COMMAND})")
+
+find_program(CPPCHECK_TOOL NAMES cppcheck)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${CPPCHECK_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CPPCHECK_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE CPPCHECK_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" CPPCHECK_TOOL_VERSION "${CPPCHECK_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Cppcheck ${CPPCHECK_TOOL_VERSION} (${CPPCHECK_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(GCC_TOOL NAMES g++-HEAD g++-11 g++-latest)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${GCC_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE GCC_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE GCC_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" GCC_TOOL_VERSION "${GCC_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 GCC ${GCC_TOOL_VERSION} (${GCC_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(GCOV_TOOL NAMES gcov-HEAD gcov-11 gcov-10 gcov)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${GCOV_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE GCOV_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE GCOV_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" GCOV_TOOL_VERSION "${GCOV_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 GCOV ${GCOV_TOOL_VERSION} (${GCOV_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(GIT_TOOL NAMES git)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE GIT_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" GIT_TOOL_VERSION "${GIT_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Git ${GIT_TOOL_VERSION} (${GIT_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(IWYU_TOOL NAMES include-what-you-use iwyu)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${IWYU_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE IWYU_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE IWYU_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" IWYU_TOOL_VERSION "${IWYU_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 include-what-you-use ${IWYU_TOOL_VERSION} (${IWYU_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(INFER_TOOL NAMES infer)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${INFER_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE INFER_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE INFER_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" INFER_TOOL_VERSION "${INFER_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Infer ${INFER_TOOL_VERSION} (${INFER_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(LCOV_TOOL NAMES lcov)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${LCOV_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE LCOV_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE LCOV_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" LCOV_TOOL_VERSION "${LCOV_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 LCOV ${LCOV_TOOL_VERSION} (${LCOV_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(NINJA_TOOL NAMES ninja)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${NINJA_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE NINJA_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE NINJA_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" NINJA_TOOL_VERSION "${NINJA_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Ninja ${NINJA_TOOL_VERSION} (${NINJA_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(OCLINT_TOOL NAMES oclint-json-compilation-database)
+find_program(OCLINT_VERSION_TOOL NAMES oclint)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${OCLINT_VERSION_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE OCLINT_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE OCLINT_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" OCLINT_TOOL_VERSION "${OCLINT_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 OCLint ${OCLINT_TOOL_VERSION} (${OCLINT_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(VALGRIND_TOOL NAMES valgrind)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${VALGRIND_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION)
+string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION "${VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "🔖 Valgrind ${VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION} (${VALGRIND_TOOL})")
+
+find_program(GENHTML_TOOL NAMES genhtml)
+find_program(PLOG_CONVERTER_TOOL NAMES plog-converter)
+find_program(PVS_STUDIO_ANALYZER_TOOL NAMES pvs-studio-analyzer)
+find_program(SCAN_BUILD_TOOL NAMES scan-build-11 scan-build)
+
+# the individual source files
+file(GLOB_RECURSE SRC_FILES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/nlohmann/*.hpp)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Thorough check with recent compilers
+###############################################################################
+
+# Ignored Clang warnings:
+# -Wno-c++98-compat               The library targets C++11.
+# -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic      The library targets C++11.
+# -Wno-deprecated-declarations    The library contains annotations for deprecated functions.
+# -Wno-extra-semi-stmt            The library uses std::assert which triggers this warning.
+# -Wno-padded                     We do not care about padding warnings.
+# -Wno-covered-switch-default     All switches list all cases and a default case.
+# -Wno-weak-vtables               The library is header-only.
+
+set(CLANG_CXXFLAGS "-std=c++11                        \
+    -Werror                                           \
+    -Weverything                                      \
+    -Wno-c++98-compat                                    \
+    -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic                           \
+    -Wno-deprecated-declarations                         \
+    -Wno-extra-semi-stmt                                 \
+    -Wno-padded                                          \
+    -Wno-covered-switch-default                          \
+    -Wno-weak-vtables                                    \
+")
+
+# Ignored GCC warnings:
+# -Wno-abi-tag                    We do not care about ABI tags.
+# -Wno-aggregate-return           The library uses aggregate returns.
+# -Wno-long-long                  The library uses the long long type to interface with system functions.
+# -Wno-namespaces                 The library uses namespaces.
+# -Wno-padded                     We do not care about padding warnings.
+# -Wno-system-headers             We do not care about warnings in system headers.
+# -Wno-templates                  The library uses templates.
+
+set(GCC_CXXFLAGS "-std=c++11                          \
+    -pedantic                                         \
+    -Werror                                           \
+    --all-warnings                                    \
+    --extra-warnings                                  \
+    -W                                                \
+    -WNSObject-attribute                              \
+    -Wno-abi-tag                                         \
+    -Waddress                                         \
+    -Waddress-of-packed-member                        \
+    -Wno-aggregate-return                                \
+    -Waggressive-loop-optimizations                   \
+    -Waligned-new=all                                 \
+    -Wall                                             \
+    -Walloc-zero                                      \
+    -Walloca                                          \
+    -Wanalyzer-double-fclose                          \
+    -Wanalyzer-double-free                            \
+    -Wanalyzer-exposure-through-output-file           \
+    -Wanalyzer-file-leak                              \
+    -Wanalyzer-free-of-non-heap                       \
+    -Wanalyzer-malloc-leak                            \
+    -Wanalyzer-mismatching-deallocation               \
+    -Wanalyzer-null-argument                          \
+    -Wanalyzer-null-dereference                       \
+    -Wanalyzer-possible-null-argument                 \
+    -Wanalyzer-possible-null-dereference              \
+    -Wanalyzer-shift-count-negative                   \
+    -Wanalyzer-shift-count-overflow                   \
+    -Wanalyzer-stale-setjmp-buffer                    \
+    -Wanalyzer-tainted-array-index                    \
+    -Wanalyzer-too-complex                            \
+    -Wanalyzer-unsafe-call-within-signal-handler      \
+    -Wanalyzer-use-after-free                         \
+    -Wanalyzer-use-of-pointer-in-stale-stack-frame    \
+    -Wanalyzer-write-to-const                         \
+    -Wanalyzer-write-to-string-literal                \
+    -Warith-conversion                                \
+    -Warray-bounds                                    \
+    -Warray-bounds=2                                  \
+    -Warray-parameter=2                               \
+    -Wattribute-alias=2                               \
+    -Wattribute-warning                               \
+    -Wattributes                                      \
+    -Wbool-compare                                    \
+    -Wbool-operation                                  \
+    -Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch                    \
+    -Wbuiltin-macro-redefined                         \
+    -Wc++0x-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++11-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++14-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++17-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++1z-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++20-compat                                    \
+    -Wc++2a-compat                                    \
+    -Wcannot-profile                                  \
+    -Wcast-align                                      \
+    -Wcast-align=strict                               \
+    -Wcast-function-type                              \
+    -Wcast-qual                                       \
+    -Wcatch-value=3                                   \
+    -Wchar-subscripts                                 \
+    -Wclass-conversion                                \
+    -Wclass-memaccess                                 \
+    -Wclobbered                                       \
+    -Wcomma-subscript                                 \
+    -Wcomment                                         \
+    -Wcomments                                        \
+    -Wconditionally-supported                         \
+    -Wconversion                                      \
+    -Wconversion-null                                 \
+    -Wcoverage-mismatch                               \
+    -Wcpp                                             \
+    -Wctad-maybe-unsupported                          \
+    -Wctor-dtor-privacy                               \
+    -Wdangling-else                                   \
+    -Wdate-time                                       \
+    -Wdelete-incomplete                               \
+    -Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor                         \
+    -Wdeprecated                                      \
+    -Wdeprecated-copy                                 \
+    -Wdeprecated-copy-dtor                            \
+    -Wdeprecated-declarations                         \
+    -Wdeprecated-enum-enum-conversion                 \
+    -Wdeprecated-enum-float-conversion                \
+    -Wdisabled-optimization                           \
+    -Wdiv-by-zero                                     \
+    -Wdouble-promotion                                \
+    -Wduplicated-branches                             \
+    -Wduplicated-cond                                 \
+    -Weffc++                                          \
+    -Wempty-body                                      \
+    -Wendif-labels                                    \
+    -Wenum-compare                                    \
+    -Wenum-conversion                                 \
+    -Wexpansion-to-defined                            \
+    -Wextra                                           \
+    -Wextra-semi                                      \
+    -Wfloat-conversion                                \
+    -Wfloat-equal                                     \
+    -Wformat-contains-nul                             \
+    -Wformat-diag                                     \
+    -Wformat-extra-args                               \
+    -Wformat-nonliteral                               \
+    -Wformat-overflow=2                               \
+    -Wformat-security                                 \
+    -Wformat-signedness                               \
+    -Wformat-truncation=2                             \
+    -Wformat-y2k                                      \
+    -Wformat-zero-length                              \
+    -Wformat=2                                        \
+    -Wframe-address                                   \
+    -Wfree-nonheap-object                             \
+    -Whsa                                             \
+    -Wif-not-aligned                                  \
+    -Wignored-attributes                              \
+    -Wignored-qualifiers                              \
+    -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5                          \
+    -Winaccessible-base                               \
+    -Winherited-variadic-ctor                         \
+    -Winit-list-lifetime                              \
+    -Winit-self                                       \
+    -Winline                                          \
+    -Wint-in-bool-context                             \
+    -Wint-to-pointer-cast                             \
+    -Winvalid-memory-model                            \
+    -Winvalid-offsetof                                \
+    -Winvalid-pch                                     \
+    -Wliteral-suffix                                  \
+    -Wlogical-not-parentheses                         \
+    -Wlogical-op                                      \
+    -Wno-long-long                                       \
+    -Wlto-type-mismatch                               \
+    -Wmain                                            \
+    -Wmaybe-uninitialized                             \
+    -Wmemset-elt-size                                 \
+    -Wmemset-transposed-args                          \
+    -Wmisleading-indentation                          \
+    -Wmismatched-dealloc                              \
+    -Wmismatched-new-delete                           \
+    -Wmismatched-tags                                 \
+    -Wmissing-attributes                              \
+    -Wmissing-braces                                  \
+    -Wmissing-declarations                            \
+    -Wmissing-field-initializers                      \
+    -Wmissing-include-dirs                            \
+    -Wmissing-profile                                 \
+    -Wmultichar                                       \
+    -Wmultiple-inheritance                            \
+    -Wmultistatement-macros                           \
+    -Wno-namespaces                                      \
+    -Wnarrowing                                       \
+    -Wnoexcept                                        \
+    -Wnoexcept-type                                   \
+    -Wnon-template-friend                             \
+    -Wnon-virtual-dtor                                \
+    -Wnonnull                                         \
+    -Wnonnull-compare                                 \
+    -Wnormalized=nfkc                                 \
+    -Wnull-dereference                                \
+    -Wodr                                             \
+    -Wold-style-cast                                  \
+    -Wopenmp-simd                                     \
+    -Woverflow                                        \
+    -Woverlength-strings                              \
+    -Woverloaded-virtual                              \
+    -Wpacked                                          \
+    -Wpacked-bitfield-compat                          \
+    -Wpacked-not-aligned                              \
+    -Wno-padded                                          \
+    -Wparentheses                                     \
+    -Wpedantic                                        \
+    -Wpessimizing-move                                \
+    -Wplacement-new=2                                 \
+    -Wpmf-conversions                                 \
+    -Wpointer-arith                                   \
+    -Wpointer-compare                                 \
+    -Wpragmas                                         \
+    -Wprio-ctor-dtor                                  \
+    -Wpsabi                                           \
+    -Wrange-loop-construct                            \
+    -Wredundant-decls                                 \
+    -Wredundant-move                                  \
+    -Wredundant-tags                                  \
+    -Wregister                                        \
+    -Wreorder                                         \
+    -Wrestrict                                        \
+    -Wreturn-local-addr                               \
+    -Wreturn-type                                     \
+    -Wscalar-storage-order                            \
+    -Wsequence-point                                  \
+    -Wshadow=compatible-local                         \
+    -Wshadow=global                                   \
+    -Wshadow=local                                    \
+    -Wshift-count-negative                            \
+    -Wshift-count-overflow                            \
+    -Wshift-negative-value                            \
+    -Wshift-overflow=2                                \
+    -Wsign-compare                                    \
+    -Wsign-conversion                                 \
+    -Wsign-promo                                      \
+    -Wsized-deallocation                              \
+    -Wsizeof-array-argument                           \
+    -Wsizeof-array-div                                \
+    -Wsizeof-pointer-div                              \
+    -Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess                        \
+    -Wstack-protector                                 \
+    -Wstrict-aliasing                                 \
+    -Wstrict-aliasing=3                               \
+    -Wstrict-null-sentinel                            \
+    -Wstrict-overflow                                 \
+    -Wstrict-overflow=5                               \
+    -Wstring-compare                                  \
+    -Wstringop-overflow=4                             \
+    -Wstringop-overread                               \
+    -Wstringop-truncation                             \
+    -Wsubobject-linkage                               \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=cold                          \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=const                         \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=format                        \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=malloc                        \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn                      \
+    -Wsuggest-attribute=pure                          \
+    -Wsuggest-final-methods                           \
+    -Wsuggest-final-types                             \
+    -Wsuggest-override                                \
+    -Wswitch                                          \
+    -Wswitch-bool                                     \
+    -Wswitch-default                                  \
+    -Wswitch-enum                                     \
+    -Wswitch-outside-range                            \
+    -Wswitch-unreachable                              \
+    -Wsync-nand                                       \
+    -Wsynth                                           \
+    -Wno-system-headers                                  \
+    -Wtautological-compare                            \
+    -Wno-templates                                       \
+    -Wterminate                                       \
+    -Wtrampolines                                     \
+    -Wtrigraphs                                       \
+    -Wtsan                                            \
+    -Wtype-limits                                     \
+    -Wundef                                           \
+    -Wuninitialized                                   \
+    -Wunknown-pragmas                                 \
+    -Wunreachable-code                                \
+    -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations                       \
+    -Wunused                                          \
+    -Wunused-but-set-parameter                        \
+    -Wunused-but-set-variable                         \
+    -Wunused-const-variable=2                         \
+    -Wunused-function                                 \
+    -Wunused-label                                    \
+    -Wunused-local-typedefs                           \
+    -Wunused-macros                                   \
+    -Wunused-parameter                                \
+    -Wunused-result                                   \
+    -Wunused-value                                    \
+    -Wunused-variable                                 \
+    -Wuseless-cast                                    \
+    -Wvarargs                                         \
+    -Wvariadic-macros                                 \
+    -Wvector-operation-performance                    \
+    -Wvexing-parse                                    \
+    -Wvirtual-inheritance                             \
+    -Wvirtual-move-assign                             \
+    -Wvla                                             \
+    -Wvla-parameter                                   \
+    -Wvolatile                                        \
+    -Wvolatile-register-var                           \
+    -Wwrite-strings                                   \
+    -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant                   \
+    -Wzero-length-bounds                              \
+")
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_gcc
+    COMMAND CXX=${GCC_TOOL} CXXFLAGS=${GCC_CXXFLAGS} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with GCC using maximal warning flags"
+)
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_clang
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} CXXFLAGS=${CLANG_CXXFLAGS} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with Clang using maximal warning flags"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Different C++ Standards.
+###############################################################################
+
+foreach(CXX_STANDARD 11 14 17 20)
+    add_custom_target(ci_test_gcc_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND CXX=${GCC_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CXX_STANDARD} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
+            -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+            -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_gcc_cxx${CXX_STANDARD} && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+        COMMENT "Compile and test with GCC for C++${CXX_STANDARD}"
+    )
+
+    add_custom_target(ci_test_clang_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CXX_STANDARD} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
+            -DJSON_BuildTests=ON
+            -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_cxx${CXX_STANDARD}
+        COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_cxx${CXX_STANDARD} && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+        COMMENT "Compile and test with Clang for C++${CXX_STANDARD}"
+    )
+endforeach()
+
+###############################################################################
+# Disable exceptions.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_noexceptions
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+    -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-DJSON_NOEXCEPTION -DDOCTEST_TEST_FILTER=--no-throw
+    -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noexceptions
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noexceptions
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noexceptions && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with exceptions switched off"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Disable implicit conversions.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_noimplicitconversions
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+    -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DJSON_ImplicitConversions=OFF
+    -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noimplicitconversions
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noimplicitconversions
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_noimplicitconversions && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with implicit conversions switched off"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Enable improved diagnostics.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_diagnostics
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+    -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DJSON_Diagnostics=ON
+    -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_diagnostics
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_diagnostics
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_diagnostics && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with improved diagnostics enabled"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Coverage.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_coverage
+    COMMAND CXX=g++ ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="--coverage;-fprofile-arcs;-ftest-coverage"
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_coverage
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_coverage
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_coverage && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+
+    COMMAND ${LCOV_TOOL} --directory . --capture --output-file json.info --rc lcov_branch_coverage=1
+    COMMAND ${LCOV_TOOL} -e json.info ${SRC_FILES} --output-file json.info.filtered --rc lcov_branch_coverage=1
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/test/thirdparty/imapdl/filterbr.py json.info.filtered > json.info.filtered.noexcept
+    COMMAND genhtml --title "JSON for Modern C++" --legend --demangle-cpp --output-directory html --show-details --branch-coverage json.info.filtered.noexcept
+
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with coverage"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Sanitizers.
+###############################################################################
+
+set(CLANG_CXX_FLAGS_SANITIZER "-g -O1 -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize=integer -fsanitize=nullability -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-sanitize-recover=all -fno-sanitize=unsigned-integer-overflow -fno-sanitize=unsigned-shift-base")
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_clang_sanitizer
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} CXXFLAGS=${CLANG_CXX_FLAGS_SANITIZER} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_sanitizer
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_sanitizer
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_sanitizer && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with sanitizers"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check if header is amalgamated and sources are properly indented.
+###############################################################################
+
+set(ASTYLE_FLAGS --style=allman --indent=spaces=4 --indent-modifiers --indent-switches --indent-preproc-block --indent-preproc-define --indent-col1-comments --pad-oper --pad-header --align-pointer=type --align-reference=type --add-brackets --convert-tabs --close-templates --lineend=linux --preserve-date --formatted)
+
+file(GLOB_RECURSE INDENT_FILES
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/nlohmann/*.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/src/*.cpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/src/*.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/examples/*.cpp
+)
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_amalgamation
+    COMMAND rm -fr ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp~
+    COMMAND cp ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp~
+    COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py -c ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/amalgamate/config.json -s .
+    COMMAND ${ASTYLE_TOOL} ${ASTYLE_FLAGS} --suffix=none --quiet ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
+    COMMAND diff ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp~ ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
+
+    COMMAND ${ASTYLE_TOOL} ${ASTYLE_FLAGS} ${INDENT_FILES}
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} && for FILE in `find . -name '*.orig'`\; do false \; done
+
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    COMMENT "Check amalagamation and indentation"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Valgrind.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_test_valgrind
+    COMMAND CXX=${GCC_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_Valgrind=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} -L valgrind --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with Valgrind"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with Clang Static Analyzer.
+###############################################################################
+
+set(CLANG_ANALYZER_CHECKS "fuchsia.HandleChecker,nullability.NullableDereferenced,nullability.NullablePassedToNonnull,nullability.NullableReturnedFromNonnull,optin.cplusplus.UninitializedObject,optin.cplusplus.VirtualCall,optin.mpi.MPI-Checker,optin.osx.OSObjectCStyleCast,optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.EmptyLocalizationContextChecker,optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.NonLocalizedStringChecker,optin.performance.GCDAntipattern,optin.performance.Padding,optin.portability.UnixAPI,security.FloatLoopCounter,security.insecureAPI.DeprecatedOrUnsafeBufferHandling,security.insecureAPI.bcmp,security.insecureAPI.bcopy,security.insecureAPI.bzero,security.insecureAPI.rand,security.insecureAPI.strcpy,valist.CopyToSelf,valist.Uninitialized,valist.Unterminated,webkit.NoUncountedMemberChecker,webkit.RefCntblBaseVirtualDtor,core.CallAndMessage,core.DivideZero,core.NonNullParamChecker,core.NullDereference,core.StackAddressEscape,core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,core.VLASize,core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript,core.uninitialized.Assign,core.uninitialized.Branch,core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable,core.uninitialized.UndefReturn,cplusplus.InnerPointer,cplusplus.Move,cplusplus.NewDelete,cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks,cplusplus.PlacementNew,cplusplus.PureVirtualCall,deadcode.DeadStores,nullability.NullPassedToNonnull,nullability.NullReturnedFromNonnull,osx.API,osx.MIG,osx.NumberObjectConversion,osx.OSObjectRetainCount,osx.ObjCProperty,osx.SecKeychainAPI,osx.cocoa.AtSync,osx.cocoa.AutoreleaseWrite,osx.cocoa.ClassRelease,osx.cocoa.Dealloc,osx.cocoa.IncompatibleMethodTypes,osx.cocoa.Loops,osx.cocoa.MissingSuperCall,osx.cocoa.NSAutoreleasePool,osx.cocoa.NSError,osx.cocoa.NilArg,osx.cocoa.NonNilReturnValue,osx.cocoa.ObjCGenerics,osx.cocoa.RetainCount,osx.cocoa.RunLoopAutoreleaseLeak,osx.cocoa.SelfInit,osx.cocoa.SuperDealloc,osx.cocoa.UnusedIvars,osx.cocoa.VariadicMethodTypes,osx.coreFoundation.CFError,osx.coreFoundation.CFNumber,osx.coreFoundation.CFRetainRelease,osx.coreFoundation.containers.OutOfBounds,osx.coreFoundation.containers.PointerSizedValues,security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn,security.insecureAPI.decodeValueOfObjCType,security.insecureAPI.getpw,security.insecureAPI.gets,security.insecureAPI.mkstemp,security.insecureAPI.mktemp,security.insecureAPI.vfork,unix.API,unix.Malloc,unix.MallocSizeof,unix.MismatchedDeallocator,unix.Vfork,unix.cstring.BadSizeArg,unix.cstring.NullArg")
+
+add_custom_target(ci_clang_analyze
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_analyze
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_analyze && ${SCAN_BUILD_TOOL} -enable-checker ${CLANG_ANALYZER_CHECKS} --use-c++=${CLANG_TOOL} -analyze-headers -o ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/report ninja
+    COMMENT "Check code with Clang Analyzer"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with Cppcheck.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_cppcheck
+    COMMAND ${CPPCHECK_TOOL} --enable=warning --suppress=missingReturn --inline-suppr --inconclusive --force --std=c++11 ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp --error-exitcode=1
+    COMMENT "Check code with Cppcheck"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with cpplint.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_cpplint
+    COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/cpplint/cpplint.py --filter=-whitespace,-legal,-runtime/references,-runtime/explicit,-runtime/indentation_namespace,-readability/casting,-readability/nolint --quiet --recursive ${SRC_FILES}
+    COMMENT "Check code with cpplint"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with OCLint.
+###############################################################################
+
+file(COPY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp DESTINATION ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single)
+file(RENAME ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/json.hpp ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/all.cpp)
+file(APPEND "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/all.cpp" "\n\nint main()\n{}\n")
+
+add_executable(single_all ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/all.cpp)
+target_compile_features(single_all PRIVATE cxx_std_11)
+
+add_custom_target(ci_oclint
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=OFF -DJSON_CI=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_oclint
+    COMMAND ${OCLINT_TOOL} -i ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_oclint/src_single/all.cpp -p ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_oclint --
+        -report-type html -enable-global-analysis --max-priority-1=0 --max-priority-2=1000 --max-priority-3=2000
+        --disable-rule=MultipleUnaryOperator
+        --disable-rule=DoubleNegative
+        --disable-rule=ShortVariableName
+        --disable-rule=GotoStatement
+        --disable-rule=LongLine
+        -o ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_oclint/oclint_report.html
+    COMMENT "Check code with OCLint"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with Clang-Tidy.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_clang_tidy
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY=${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL}
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_tidy
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_tidy
+    COMMENT "Check code with Clang-Tidy"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with PVS-Studio Analyzer <https://www.viva64.com/en/pvs-studio/>.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_pvs_studio
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+        -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_pvs_studio
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_pvs_studio && ${PVS_STUDIO_ANALYZER_TOOL} analyze -j 10
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_pvs_studio && ${PLOG_CONVERTER_TOOL} -a'GA:1,2;64:1;CS' -t fullhtml PVS-Studio.log -o pvs
+    COMMENT "Check code with PVS Studio"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check code with Infer <https://fbinfer.com> static analyzer.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_infer
+    COMMAND mkdir -p ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_infer
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_infer && ${INFER_TOOL} compile -- ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_infer && ${INFER_TOOL} run -- make
+    COMMENT "Check code with Infer"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Run test suite with previously downloaded test data.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_offline_testdata
+    COMMAND mkdir -p ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata/test_data
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata/test_data && ${GIT_TOOL} clone -c advice.detachedHead=false --branch v3.0.0 https://github.com/nlohmann/json_test_data.git --quiet --depth 1
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON -DJSON_TestDataDirectory=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata/test_data/json_test_data
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_offline_testdata && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Check code with previously downloaded test data"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Run test suite when project was not checked out from Git
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_non_git_tests
+    COMMAND mkdir -p ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests/sources
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} && for FILE in `${GIT_TOOL} ls-tree --name-only HEAD`\; do cp -r $$FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests/sources \; done
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests/sources -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_non_git_tests && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} -LE git_required --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Check code when project was not checked out from Git"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Run test suite and exclude tests that change installed files
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_reproducible_tests
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_reproducible_tests
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_reproducible_tests
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_reproducible_tests && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} -LE not_reproducible --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Check code and exclude tests that change installed files"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Check if every header in the include folder includes sufficient headers to
+# be compiled individually.
+###############################################################################
+
+set(iwyu_path_and_options ${IWYU_TOOL} -Xiwyu --max_line_length=300)
+
+foreach(SRC_FILE ${SRC_FILES})
+    # get relative path of the header file
+    file(RELATIVE_PATH RELATIVE_SRC_FILE "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/nlohmann" "${SRC_FILE}")
+    # replace slashes and strip suffix
+    string(REPLACE "/" "_" RELATIVE_SRC_FILE "${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE}")
+    string(REPLACE ".hpp" "" RELATIVE_SRC_FILE "${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE}")
+    # create code file
+    file(WRITE "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE}.cpp" "#include \"${SRC_FILE}\" // IWYU pragma: keep\n\nint main()\n{}\n")
+    # create executable
+    add_executable(single_${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src_single/${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE}.cpp)
+    target_include_directories(single_${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE} PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+    target_compile_features(single_${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE} PRIVATE cxx_std_11)
+    set_property(TARGET single_${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE} PROPERTY CXX_INCLUDE_WHAT_YOU_USE "${iwyu_path_and_options}")
+    # remember binary for ci_single_binaries target
+    list(APPEND single_binaries single_${RELATIVE_SRC_FILE})
+endforeach()
+
+add_custom_target(ci_single_binaries
+    DEPENDS ${single_binaries}
+    COMMENT "Check if headers are self-contained"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Benchmarks
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_benchmarks
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -GNinja
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/benchmarks -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_benchmarks
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_benchmarks --target json_benchmarks
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_benchmarks && ./json_benchmarks
+    COMMENT "Run benchmarks"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# CMake flags
+###############################################################################
+
+if (APPLE)
+    set(CMAKE_310_BINARY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64/CMake.app/Contents/bin/cmake)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${CMAKE_310_BINARY}
+        COMMAND wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.1.0/cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz
+        COMMAND tar xfz cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz
+        COMMAND rm cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+        COMMENT "Download CMake 3.1.0"
+    )
+else()
+    set(CMAKE_310_BINARY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake-3.1.0-Linux-x86_64/bin/cmake)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${CMAKE_310_BINARY}
+        COMMAND wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.1.0/cmake-3.1.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+        COMMAND tar xfz cmake-3.1.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+        COMMAND rm cmake-3.1.0-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+        COMMENT "Download CMake 3.1.0"
+    )
+endif()
+
+set(JSON_CMAKE_FLAGS "JSON_BuildTests;JSON_Install;JSON_MultipleHeaders;JSON_ImplicitConversions;JSON_Valgrind;JSON_Diagnostics;JSON_SystemInclude")
+
+foreach(JSON_CMAKE_FLAG ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAGS})
+    string(TOLOWER "ci_cmake_flag_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG}" JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET)
+    add_custom_target("${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}"
+        COMMENT "Check CMake flag ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG} (CMake ${CMAKE_VERSION})"
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -Werror=dev
+            -D${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG}=ON
+            -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}
+    )
+    add_custom_target("${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}_31"
+        COMMENT "Check CMake flag ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG} (CMake 3.1)"
+        COMMAND mkdir ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}_31
+        COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}_31 && ${CMAKE_310_BINARY}
+            -Werror=dev ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
+            -D${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG}=ON
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES="cxx_range_for" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-std=gnu++11"
+        DEPENDS ${CMAKE_310_BINARY}
+    )
+    list(APPEND JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGETS ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET} ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}_31)
+    list(APPEND JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_BUILD_DIRS ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET} ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGET}_31)
+endforeach()
+
+add_custom_target(ci_cmake_flags
+    DEPENDS ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_TARGETS}
+    COMMENT "Check CMake flags"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Use more installed compilers.
+###############################################################################
+
+foreach(COMPILER g++-4.8 g++-4.9 g++-5 g++-7 g++-8 g++-9 g++-10 clang++-3.5 clang++-3.6 clang++-3.7 clang++-3.8 clang++-3.9 clang++-4.0 clang++-5.0 clang++-6.0 clang++-7 clang++-8 clang++-9 clang++-10 clang++-11)
+    find_program(COMPILER_TOOL NAMES ${COMPILER})
+    if (COMPILER_TOOL)
+        add_custom_target(ci_test_compiler_${COMPILER}
+            COMMAND CXX=${COMPILER} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+                -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+                -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+                -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER}
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER}
+            COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER} && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+            COMMENT "Compile and test with ${COMPILER}"
+        )
+    endif()
+    unset(COMPILER_TOOL CACHE)
+endforeach()
+
+###############################################################################
+# Clean up all generated files.
+###############################################################################
+
+add_custom_target(ci_clean
+    COMMAND rm -fr ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_* cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64 ${JSON_CMAKE_FLAG_BUILD_DIRS} ${single_binaries}
+    COMMENT "Clean generated directories"
+)
diff --git a/cmake/config.cmake.in b/cmake/config.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a17a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/config.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+set(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_CONFIG ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE})
+find_package_handle_standard_args(@PROJECT_NAME@ CONFIG_MODE)
+
+if(NOT TARGET @PROJECT_NAME@::@NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME@)
+    include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME@.cmake")
+    if((NOT TARGET @NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME@) AND
+       (NOT @PROJECT_NAME@_FIND_VERSION OR
+        @PROJECT_NAME@_FIND_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.2.0))
+        add_library(@NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME@ INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+        set_target_properties(@NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME@ PROPERTIES
+            INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES @PROJECT_NAME@::@NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME@
+        )
+    endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/cmake/download_test_data.cmake b/cmake/download_test_data.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f516a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/download_test_data.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+set(JSON_TEST_DATA_URL     https://github.com/nlohmann/json_test_data)
+set(JSON_TEST_DATA_VERSION 3.0.0)
+
+# if variable is set, use test data from given directory rather than downloading them
+if(JSON_TestDataDirectory)
+    message(STATUS "Using test data in ${JSON_TestDataDirectory}.")
+    add_custom_target(download_test_data)
+    file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include/test_data.hpp "#define TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY \"${JSON_TestDataDirectory}\"\n")
+else()
+    find_package(Git)
+    # target to download test data
+    add_custom_target(download_test_data
+        COMMAND test -d json_test_data || ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} clone -c advice.detachedHead=false --branch v${JSON_TEST_DATA_VERSION} ${JSON_TEST_DATA_URL}.git --quiet --depth 1
+        COMMENT "Downloading test data from ${JSON_TEST_DATA_URL} (v${JSON_TEST_DATA_VERSION})"
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
+    )
+    # create a header with the path to the downloaded test data
+    file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include/test_data.hpp "#define TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/json_test_data\"\n")
+endif()
+
+# determine the operating system (for debug and support purposes)
+find_program(UNAME_COMMAND uname)
+find_program(VER_COMMAND ver)
+find_program(LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND lsb_release)
+find_program(SW_VERS_COMMAND sw_vers)
+set(OS_VERSION_STRINGS "${CMAKE_SYSTEM}")
+if (VER_COMMAND)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${VER_COMMAND} OUTPUT_VARIABLE VER_COMMAND_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+    set(OS_VERSION_STRINGS "${OS_VERSION_STRINGS}; ${VER_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+endif()
+if (SW_VERS_COMMAND)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${SW_VERS_COMMAND} OUTPUT_VARIABLE SW_VERS_COMMAND_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ERROR_QUIET)
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "[ ]*\n" "; " SW_VERS_COMMAND_RESULT "${SW_VERS_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+    set(OS_VERSION_STRINGS "${OS_VERSION_STRINGS}; ${SW_VERS_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+endif()
+if (LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND} -a OUTPUT_VARIABLE LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ERROR_QUIET)
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "[ ]*\n" "; " LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND_RESULT "${LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+    set(OS_VERSION_STRINGS "${OS_VERSION_STRINGS}; ${LSB_RELEASE_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+endif()
+if (UNAME_COMMAND)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${UNAME_COMMAND} -a OUTPUT_VARIABLE UNAME_COMMAND_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ERROR_QUIET)
+    set(OS_VERSION_STRINGS "${OS_VERSION_STRINGS}; ${UNAME_COMMAND_RESULT}")
+endif()
+
+message(STATUS "Operating system: ${OS_VERSION_STRINGS}")
+
+# determine the compiler (for debug and support purposes)
+if (MSVC)
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} OUTPUT_VARIABLE CXX_VERSION_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE ERROR_VARIABLE CXX_VERSION_RESULT ERROR_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+    set(CXX_VERSION_RESULT "${CXX_VERSION_RESULT}; MSVC_VERSION=${MSVC_VERSION}; MSVC_TOOLSET_VERSION=${MSVC_TOOLSET_VERSION}")
+else()
+    execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CXX_VERSION_RESULT OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
+endif()
+string(REGEX REPLACE "[ ]*\n" "; " CXX_VERSION_RESULT "${CXX_VERSION_RESULT}")
+message(STATUS "Compiler: ${CXX_VERSION_RESULT}")
diff --git a/cmake/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake.in b/cmake/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1091085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# This is essentially cmake's BasicConfigVersion-SameMajorVersion.cmake.in but
+# without the 32/64-bit check.  Since json is a header-only library, it doesn't
+# matter if it was built on a different platform than what it is used on (see
+# https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1697).
+set(PACKAGE_VERSION "@PROJECT_VERSION@")
+
+if(PACKAGE_VERSION VERSION_LESS PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION)
+  set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+else()
+
+  if(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR STREQUAL "@PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR@")
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE TRUE)
+  else()
+    set(PACKAGE_VERSION_COMPATIBLE FALSE)
+  endif()
+
+  if(PACKAGE_FIND_VERSION STREQUAL PACKAGE_VERSION)
+      set(PACKAGE_VERSION_EXACT TRUE)
+  endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/cmake/pkg-config.pc.in b/cmake/pkg-config.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d36317f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/pkg-config.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Name: ${PROJECT_NAME}
+Description: JSON for Modern C++
+Version: ${PROJECT_VERSION}
+Cflags: -I${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR}
diff --git a/doc/Doxyfile b/doc/Doxyfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..521c4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Doxyfile
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+# Doxyfile 1.9.1
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Project related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DOXYFILE_ENCODING      = UTF-8
+PROJECT_NAME           = "JSON for Modern C++"
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 3.10.0
+PROJECT_BRIEF          =
+PROJECT_LOGO           =
+OUTPUT_DIRECTORY       = .
+CREATE_SUBDIRS         = NO
+ALLOW_UNICODE_NAMES    = NO
+OUTPUT_LANGUAGE        = English
+OUTPUT_TEXT_DIRECTION  = None
+BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC      = YES
+REPEAT_BRIEF           = NO
+ABBREVIATE_BRIEF       =
+ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC    = YES
+INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB  = NO
+FULL_PATH_NAMES        = YES
+STRIP_FROM_PATH        =
+STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH    =
+SHORT_NAMES            = NO
+JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF      = NO
+JAVADOC_BANNER         = NO
+QT_AUTOBRIEF           = NO
+MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF = NO
+PYTHON_DOCSTRING       = YES
+INHERIT_DOCS           = YES
+SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES  = YES
+TAB_SIZE               = 4
+ALIASES                = "complexity=@par Complexity^^" \
+                         "liveexample{2}=@par Example^^ \1 ^^ @includelineno \2.cpp \n Output (play with this example @htmlinclude \2.link):^^ @verbinclude \2.output ^^ The <a href= https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/\2.cpp>example code</a> above can be translated with @verbatim g++ -std=c++11 -Isingle_include doc/examples/\2.cpp -o \2 @endverbatim" \
+                         "requirement=@par Requirements^^" \
+                         "exceptionsafety=@par Exception safety^^" \
+                         "iterators=@par Iterator validity^^"
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C  = NO
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA   = NO
+OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN   = NO
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL   = NO
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_SLICE  = NO
+EXTENSION_MAPPING      =
+MARKDOWN_SUPPORT       = YES
+TOC_INCLUDE_HEADINGS   = 0
+AUTOLINK_SUPPORT       = NO
+BUILTIN_STL_SUPPORT    = YES
+CPP_CLI_SUPPORT        = NO
+SIP_SUPPORT            = NO
+IDL_PROPERTY_SUPPORT   = YES
+DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC   = NO
+GROUP_NESTED_COMPOUNDS = NO
+SUBGROUPING            = YES
+INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES = NO
+INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS  = NO
+TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT   = NO
+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE      = 0
+NUM_PROC_THREADS       = 1
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Build related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+EXTRACT_ALL            = YES
+EXTRACT_PRIVATE        = NO
+EXTRACT_PRIV_VIRTUAL   = NO
+EXTRACT_PACKAGE        = YES
+EXTRACT_STATIC         = YES
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES  = YES
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_METHODS  = YES
+EXTRACT_ANON_NSPACES   = YES
+RESOLVE_UNNAMED_PARAMS = YES
+HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS     = NO
+HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES     = NO
+HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS  = NO
+HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS      = NO
+INTERNAL_DOCS          = NO
+CASE_SENSE_NAMES       = NO
+HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES       = NO
+HIDE_COMPOUND_REFERENCE= NO
+SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES     = YES
+SHOW_GROUPED_MEMB_INC  = NO
+FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES   = NO
+INLINE_INFO            = YES
+SORT_MEMBER_DOCS       = YES
+SORT_BRIEF_DOCS        = YES
+SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST = YES
+SORT_GROUP_NAMES       = NO
+SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME     = NO
+STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING  = NO
+GENERATE_TODOLIST      = YES
+GENERATE_TESTLIST      = YES
+GENERATE_BUGLIST       = YES
+GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST= YES
+ENABLED_SECTIONS       =
+MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES  = 30
+SHOW_USED_FILES        = NO
+SHOW_FILES             = NO
+SHOW_NAMESPACES        = NO
+FILE_VERSION_FILTER    =
+LAYOUT_FILE            =
+CITE_BIB_FILES         =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to warning and progress messages
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+QUIET                  = YES
+WARNINGS               = YES
+WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED   = YES
+WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR      = YES
+WARN_NO_PARAMDOC       = YES
+WARN_AS_ERROR          = NO
+WARN_FORMAT            = "$file:$line: $text"
+WARN_LOGFILE           =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the input files
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+INPUT                  = ../single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp \
+                         index.md
+INPUT_ENCODING         = UTF-8
+FILE_PATTERNS          =
+RECURSIVE              = NO
+EXCLUDE                =
+EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS       = NO
+EXCLUDE_PATTERNS       =
+EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS        = nlohmann::detail
+EXAMPLE_PATH           = examples
+EXAMPLE_PATTERNS       =
+EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE      = NO
+IMAGE_PATH             = images
+INPUT_FILTER           =
+FILTER_PATTERNS        =
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES    = NO
+FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS =
+USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE = index.md
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to source browsing
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+SOURCE_BROWSER         = YES
+INLINE_SOURCES         = NO
+STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS    = YES
+REFERENCED_BY_RELATION = NO
+REFERENCES_RELATION    = NO
+REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE = NO
+SOURCE_TOOLTIPS        = YES
+USE_HTAGS              = NO
+VERBATIM_HEADERS       = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the alphabetical class index
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALPHABETICAL_INDEX     = YES
+IGNORE_PREFIX          =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the HTML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_HTML          = YES
+HTML_OUTPUT            = html
+HTML_FILE_EXTENSION    = .html
+HTML_HEADER            =
+HTML_FOOTER            =
+HTML_STYLESHEET        =
+HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET  = css/mylayout.css
+HTML_EXTRA_FILES       =
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE    = 220
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT    = 100
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA  = 80
+HTML_TIMESTAMP         = YES
+HTML_DYNAMIC_MENUS     = YES
+HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS  = YES
+HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES = 100
+GENERATE_DOCSET        = YES
+DOCSET_FEEDNAME        = "Doxygen generated docs"
+DOCSET_BUNDLE_ID       = me.nlohmann.json
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID    = me.nlohmann
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME  = NielsLohmann
+GENERATE_HTMLHELP      = NO
+CHM_FILE               =
+HHC_LOCATION           =
+GENERATE_CHI           = NO
+CHM_INDEX_ENCODING     =
+BINARY_TOC             = NO
+TOC_EXPAND             = NO
+GENERATE_QHP           = NO
+QCH_FILE               =
+QHP_NAMESPACE          = org.doxygen.Project
+QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER     = doc
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME   =
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS  =
+QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS  =
+QHG_LOCATION           =
+GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP   = NO
+ECLIPSE_DOC_ID         = org.doxygen.Project
+DISABLE_INDEX          = NO
+GENERATE_TREEVIEW      = NO
+ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE   = 4
+TREEVIEW_WIDTH         = 250
+EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW    = NO
+HTML_FORMULA_FORMAT    = png
+FORMULA_FONTSIZE       = 10
+FORMULA_TRANSPARENT    = YES
+FORMULA_MACROFILE      =
+USE_MATHJAX            = NO
+MATHJAX_FORMAT         = HTML-CSS
+MATHJAX_RELPATH        = http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest
+MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS     =
+MATHJAX_CODEFILE       =
+SEARCHENGINE           = YES
+SERVER_BASED_SEARCH    = NO
+EXTERNAL_SEARCH        = NO
+SEARCHENGINE_URL       =
+SEARCHDATA_FILE        = searchdata.xml
+EXTERNAL_SEARCH_ID     =
+EXTRA_SEARCH_MAPPINGS  =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the LaTeX output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_LATEX         = NO
+LATEX_OUTPUT           = latex
+LATEX_CMD_NAME         = latex
+MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME     = makeindex
+LATEX_MAKEINDEX_CMD    = \makeindex
+COMPACT_LATEX          = NO
+PAPER_TYPE             = a4
+EXTRA_PACKAGES         =
+LATEX_HEADER           =
+LATEX_FOOTER           =
+LATEX_EXTRA_STYLESHEET =
+LATEX_EXTRA_FILES      =
+PDF_HYPERLINKS         = YES
+USE_PDFLATEX           = YES
+LATEX_BATCHMODE        = NO
+LATEX_HIDE_INDICES     = NO
+LATEX_SOURCE_CODE      = NO
+LATEX_BIB_STYLE        = plain
+LATEX_TIMESTAMP        = NO
+LATEX_EMOJI_DIRECTORY  =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the RTF output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_RTF           = NO
+RTF_OUTPUT             = rtf
+COMPACT_RTF            = NO
+RTF_HYPERLINKS         = NO
+RTF_STYLESHEET_FILE    =
+RTF_EXTENSIONS_FILE    =
+RTF_SOURCE_CODE        = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the man page output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_MAN           = NO
+MAN_OUTPUT             = man
+MAN_EXTENSION          = .3
+MAN_SUBDIR             =
+MAN_LINKS              = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the XML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_XML           = YES
+XML_OUTPUT             = xml
+XML_PROGRAMLISTING     = YES
+XML_NS_MEMB_FILE_SCOPE = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the DOCBOOK output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_DOCBOOK       = NO
+DOCBOOK_OUTPUT         = docbook
+DOCBOOK_PROGRAMLISTING = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options for the AutoGen Definitions output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF   = NO
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the Perl module output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+GENERATE_PERLMOD       = NO
+PERLMOD_LATEX          = NO
+PERLMOD_PRETTY         = YES
+PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX =
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the preprocessor
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ENABLE_PREPROCESSING   = YES
+MACRO_EXPANSION        = NO
+EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF     = NO
+SEARCH_INCLUDES        = YES
+INCLUDE_PATH           =
+INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS  =
+PREDEFINED             =
+EXPAND_AS_DEFINED      =
+SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS   = YES
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to external references
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TAGFILES               =
+GENERATE_TAGFILE       = html/nlohmann_json.tag
+ALLEXTERNALS           = NO
+EXTERNAL_GROUPS        = YES
+EXTERNAL_PAGES         = YES
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the dot tool
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CLASS_DIAGRAMS         = NO
+DIA_PATH               =
+HIDE_UNDOC_RELATIONS   = YES
+HAVE_DOT               = YES
+DOT_NUM_THREADS        = 0
+DOT_FONTNAME           = Helvetica
+DOT_FONTSIZE           = 10
+DOT_FONTPATH           =
+CLASS_GRAPH            = NO
+COLLABORATION_GRAPH    = NO
+GROUP_GRAPHS           = YES
+UML_LOOK               = YES
+UML_LIMIT_NUM_FIELDS   = 10
+DOT_UML_DETAILS        = NO
+DOT_WRAP_THRESHOLD     = 17
+TEMPLATE_RELATIONS     = NO
+INCLUDE_GRAPH          = NO
+INCLUDED_BY_GRAPH      = NO
+CALL_GRAPH             = NO
+CALLER_GRAPH           = NO
+GRAPHICAL_HIERARCHY    = NO
+DIRECTORY_GRAPH        = NO
+DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT       = svg
+INTERACTIVE_SVG        = YES
+DOT_PATH               =
+DOTFILE_DIRS           =
+MSCFILE_DIRS           =
+DIAFILE_DIRS           =
+PLANTUML_JAR_PATH      =
+PLANTUML_CFG_FILE      =
+PLANTUML_INCLUDE_PATH  =
+DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES    = 50
+MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH    = 0
+DOT_TRANSPARENT        = NO
+DOT_MULTI_TARGETS      = NO
+GENERATE_LEGEND        = YES
+DOT_CLEANUP            = YES
diff --git a/doc/Makefile b/doc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9addd34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+SRCDIR = ../single_include
+SED:=$(shell command -v gsed || which sed)
+
+all: doxygen
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# example files
+##########################################################################
+
+# where are the example cpp files
+EXAMPLES = $(wildcard examples/*.cpp)
+
+# create output from a stand-alone example file
+%.output: %.cpp
+	make $(<:.cpp=) CPPFLAGS="-I $(SRCDIR)" CXXFLAGS="-std=c++11"
+	./$(<:.cpp=) > $@
+	rm $(<:.cpp=)
+
+# compare created output with current output of the example files
+%.test: %.cpp
+	make $(<:.cpp=) CPPFLAGS="-I $(SRCDIR)" CXXFLAGS="-std=c++11"
+	./$(<:.cpp=) > $@
+	diff $@ $(<:.cpp=.output)
+	rm $(<:.cpp=) $@
+
+# create links to try the code online
+%.link: %.cpp
+	rm -fr tmp
+	mkdir tmp
+	cp -r $(SRCDIR)/nlohmann tmp
+	python2 scripts/send_to_wandbox.py tmp $< > $@.tmp
+	/bin/echo -n "<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"`cat $@.tmp`\"><b>online</b></a>" > $@
+	rm -fr tmp $@.tmp
+
+# create output from all stand-alone example files
+create_output: $(EXAMPLES:.cpp=.output)
+
+create_links: $(EXAMPLES:.cpp=.link)
+
+# check output of all stand-alone example files
+check_output: $(EXAMPLES:.cpp=.test)
+
+
+clean:
+	rm -fr me.nlohmann.json.docset html xml $(EXAMPLES:.cpp=)
+	$(MAKE) clean -C docset
+	$(MAKE) clean -C mkdocs
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# Doxygen HTML documentation
+##########################################################################
+
+# create Doxygen documentation
+doxygen: create_output create_links
+	doxygen
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;JSONSerializer&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@< ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer >@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberUnsignedType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;JSONSerializer&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@template&lt;template&lt; typename U, typename V, typename... Args &gt; class ObjectType = std::map, template&lt; typename U, typename... Args &gt; class ArrayType = std::vector, class StringType = std::string, class BooleanType = bool, class NumberIntegerType = std::int64_t, class NumberUnsignedType = std::uint64_t, class NumberFloatType = double, template&lt; typename U &gt; class AllocatorType = std::allocator, template&lt; typename T, typename SFINAE=void &gt; class JSONSerializer = adl_serializer&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberUnsignedType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType,&#160;JSONSerializer&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT@@g' html/*.html
+
+upload: clean doxygen check_output
+	scripts/git-update-ghpages nlohmann/json html
+	rm -fr html
+	open http://nlohmann.github.io/json/
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# docset
+##########################################################################
+
+# create docset for Dash
+docset: create_output
+	cp Doxyfile Doxyfile_docset
+	$(SED) -i 's/DISABLE_INDEX          = NO/DISABLE_INDEX          = YES/' Doxyfile_docset
+	$(SED) -i 's/SEARCHENGINE           = YES/SEARCHENGINE           = NO/' Doxyfile_docset
+	$(SED) -i 's@HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET  = css/mylayout.css@HTML_EXTRA_STYLESHEET  = css/mylayout_docset.css@' Doxyfile_docset
+	rm -fr html *.docset
+	doxygen Doxyfile_docset
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt; ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberFloatType, AllocatorType &gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	$(SED) -i 's@&lt;&#160;ObjectType,&#160;ArrayType,&#160;StringType,&#160;BooleanType,&#160;NumberIntegerType,&#160;NumberFloatType,&#160;AllocatorType&#160;&gt;@@g' html/*.html
+	make -C html
+	mv html/*.docset .
+	$(SED) -i 's@<string>doxygen</string>@<string>json</string>@' me.nlohmann.json.docset/Contents/Info.plist
+	rm -fr Doxyfile_docset html
diff --git a/doc/avatars.png b/doc/avatars.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d0ae17
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/avatars.png differ
diff --git a/doc/css/mylayout.css b/doc/css/mylayout.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe20b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/css/mylayout.css
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* hide lengthy template information */
+.memtemplate, .memTemplParams {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+/* allow compiler information to wrap */
+/* https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/make-pre-text-wrap/ */
+pre.fragment {
+    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* css-3 */
+    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
+    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */
+    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */
+    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
+}
+
+td.paramname {
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.ok_green {
+    background-color: #89C35C;
+}
+
+.nok_throws {
+    background-color: #ffa500;
+}
diff --git a/doc/css/mylayout_docset.css b/doc/css/mylayout_docset.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a67e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/css/mylayout_docset.css
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.memtemplate {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.memTemplParams {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.navtab {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+#top, .footer {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+td.paramname {
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+.ok_green {
+    background-color: #89C35C;
+}
+
+.nok_throws {
+    background-color: #ffa500;
+}
diff --git a/doc/docset/Info.plist b/doc/docset/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..772ec08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/docset/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>nlohmann_json</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>JSON for Modern C++</string>
+	<key>DocSetPlatformFamily</key>
+	<string>json</string>
+	<key>isDashDocset</key>
+	<true/>
+    <key>dashIndexFilePath</key>
+    <string>index.html</string>
+    <key>DashDocSetFallbackURL</key>
+    <string>https://nlohmann.github.io/json/</string>
+    <key>isJavaScriptEnabled</key>
+    <true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/doc/docset/Makefile b/doc/docset/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..262540a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/docset/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+nlohmann_json.docset: Info.plist docSet.sql
+	$(MAKE) clean
+	mkdir -p nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/
+	cp info.plist nlohmann_json.docset/Contents
+	# build and copy documentation
+	$(MAKE) build -C ../mkdocs
+	cp -r ../mkdocs/site/* nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents
+	# patch CSS to hide navigation items
+	echo "\n\nheader, footer, navi, div.md-sidebar--primary, nav.md-tabs--active, a.md-content__button { display: none; }" >> nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/assets/stylesheets/main.b5d04df8.min.css
+	# fix spacing
+	echo "\n\ndiv.md-sidebar div.md-sidebar--secondary, div.md-main__inner { top: 0; margin-top: 0 }" >> nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/assets/stylesheets/main.b5d04df8.min.css
+	# remove "JSON for Modern C++" from page titles
+	find nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents -type f -exec gsed -i 's| - JSON for Modern C++</title>|</title>|' {} +
+	# clean up
+	rm nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/hooks.py
+	rm nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/sitemap.*
+	# generate index
+	sqlite3 nlohmann_json.docset/Contents/Resources/docSet.dsidx < docSet.sql
+
+clean:
+	rm -fr nlohmann_json.docset
diff --git a/doc/docset/README.md b/doc/docset/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0dd7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/docset/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# docset
+
+The folder contains the required files to create a [docset](https://kapeli.com/docsets) which can be used in
+documentation browsers like [Dash](https://kapeli.com/dash), [Velocity](https://velocity.silverlakesoftware.com), or
+[Zeal](https://zealdocs.org).
+
+The docset can be created with
+
+```sh
+make nlohmann_json.docset
+```
+
+The generated folder `nlohmann_json.docset` can then be opened in the documentation browser.
diff --git a/doc/docset/docSet.sql b/doc/docset/docSet.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bd4e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/docset/docSet.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS searchIndex;
+CREATE TABLE searchIndex(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, type TEXT, path TEXT);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX anchor ON searchIndex (name, type, path);
+
+-- API
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('accept', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/accept/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('adl_serializer', 'Class', 'api/adl_serializer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('array', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/array/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('array_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/array_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('at', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/at/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('back', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/back/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('basic_json', 'Constructor', 'api/basic_json/basic_json/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('begin', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/begin/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('binary', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/binary/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('binary_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/binary_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('boolean_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/boolean_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('cbegin', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/cbegin/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('cbor_tag_handler_t', 'Enum', 'api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('cend', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/cend/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('clear', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/clear/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('contains', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/contains/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('count', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/count/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('crbegin', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/crbegin/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('crend', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/crend/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('diff', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/diff/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('dump', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/dump/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('emplace', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/emplace/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('emplace_back', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/emplace_back/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('empty', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/empty/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('end', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/end/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('erase', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/erase/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('error_handler_t', 'Enum', 'api/basic_json/error_handler_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('exception', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/exception/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('find', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/find/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('flatten', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/flatten/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('from_bson', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/from_bson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('from_cbor', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/from_cbor/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('from_msgpack', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/from_msgpack/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('from_ubjson', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/from_ubjson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('front', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/front/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/get/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get_allocator', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/get_allocator/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get_binary', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/get_binary/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get_ptr', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/get_ptr/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get_ref', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/get_ref/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('get_to', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/get_to/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('input_format_t', 'Enum', 'api/basic_json/input_format_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('insert', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/insert/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('invalid_iterator', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/invalid_iterator/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_array', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_array/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_binary', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_binary/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_boolean', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_boolean/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_discarded', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_discarded/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_null', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_null/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_number', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_number/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_number_float', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_number_float/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_number_integer', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_number_integer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_number_unsigned', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_object', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_object/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_primitive', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_primitive/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_string', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_string/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('is_structured', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/is_structured/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('items', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/items/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json', 'Class', 'api/json/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_pointer', 'Class', 'api/json_pointer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('json_serializer', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/json_serializer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('max_size', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/max_size/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('merge_patch', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/merge_patch/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('meta', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/meta/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('number_float_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/number_float_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('number_integer_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/number_integer_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('number_unsigned_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('object', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/object/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('object_comparator_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/object_comparator_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('object_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/object_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator!=', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_ne/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator+=', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator+=/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator=', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator=/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator==', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_eq/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator<', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_lt/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator<=', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_le/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator>', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_gt/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator>=', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_ge/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator[]', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator[]/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator""_json', 'Literal', 'api/basic_json/operator_literal_json/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator""_json_pointer', 'Literal', 'api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator ValueType', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_ValueType/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('operator value_t', 'Operator', 'api/basic_json/operator_value_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_json', 'Class', 'api/ordered_json/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('ordered_map', 'Class', 'api/ordered_map/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('out_of_range', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/out_of_range/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('other_error', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/other_error/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('parse', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/parse/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('parse_error', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/parse_error/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('parse_event_t', 'Enum', 'api/basic_json/parse_event_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('parser_callback_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/parser_callback_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('patch', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/patch/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('push_back', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/push_back/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('rbegin', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/rbegin/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('rend', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/rend/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('sax_parse', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/sax_parse/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('size', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/size/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('string_t', 'Type', 'api/basic_json/string_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('type', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/type/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('type_error', 'Class', 'api/basic_json/type_error/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('type_name', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/type_name/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('unflatten', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/unflatten/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('update', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/update/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('to_bson', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/to_bson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('to_cbor', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/to_cbor/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('to_msgpack', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/to_msgpack/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('to_ubjson', 'Function', 'api/basic_json/to_ubjson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('value', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/value/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('value_t', 'Enum', 'api/basic_json/value_t/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('~basic_json', 'Method', 'api/basic_json/~basic_json/index.html');
+
+-- Features
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Binary Formats', 'Guide', 'features/binary_formats/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('BSON', 'Guide', 'features/binary_formats/bson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('CBOR', 'Guide', 'features/binary_formats/cbor/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('MessagePack', 'Guide', 'features/binary_formats/messagepack/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('UBJSON', 'Guide', 'features/binary_formats/ubjson/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Supported Macros', 'Guide', 'features/macros/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Binary Values', 'Guide', 'features/binary_values/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Comments', 'Guide', 'features/comments/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Iterators', 'Guide', 'features/iterators/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Types', 'Guide', 'features/types/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Number Handling', 'Guide', 'features/types/number_handling/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Element Access', 'Guide', 'features/element_access/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON Pointer', 'Guide', 'features/json_pointer/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON Patch and Diff', 'Guide', 'features/json_patch/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON Merge Patch', 'Guide', 'features/merge_patch/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Object Order', 'Guide', 'features/object_order/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Parsing and Exceptions', 'Guide', 'features/parsing/parse_exceptions/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('Parser Callbacks', 'Guide', 'features/parsing/parser_callbacks/index.html');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('SAX Interface', 'Guide', 'features/parsing/sax_interface/index.html');
+
+-- Macros
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_ASSERT', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_assertx');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_CATCH_USER', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_catch_userexception');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_DIAGNOSTICS', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_diagnostics');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_HAS_CPP_11', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_has_cpp_11-json_has_cpp_14-json_has_cpp_17-json_has_cpp_20');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_HAS_CPP_14', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_has_cpp_11-json_has_cpp_14-json_has_cpp_17-json_has_cpp_20');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_HAS_CPP_17', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_has_cpp_11-json_has_cpp_14-json_has_cpp_17-json_has_cpp_20');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_HAS_CPP_20', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_has_cpp_11-json_has_cpp_14-json_has_cpp_17-json_has_cpp_20');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_NOEXCEPTION', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_noexception');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_NO_IO', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_no_io');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_THROW_USER', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_throw_userexception');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_TRY_USER', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_try_user');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#json_use_implicit_conversions');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#nlohmann_define_type_intrusivetype-member');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusivetype-member');
+INSERT INTO searchIndex(name, type, path) VALUES ('NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM', 'Macro', 'features/macros/index.html#nlohmann_json_serialize_enumtype');
diff --git a/doc/examples/README.cpp b/doc/examples/README.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d641e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/README.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"pi", 3.141},
+        {"happy", true},
+        {"name", "Niels"},
+        {"nothing", nullptr},
+        {
+            "answer", {
+                {"everything", 42}
+            }
+        },
+        {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+        {
+            "object", {
+                {"currency", "USD"},
+                {"value", 42.99}
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // add new values
+    j["new"]["key"]["value"] = {"another", "list"};
+
+    // count elements
+    auto s = j.size();
+    j["size"] = s;
+
+    // pretty print with indent of 4 spaces
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/README.link b/doc/examples/README.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f3cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/README.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/IYGZTTRU0q5Ty1ev"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/README.output b/doc/examples/README.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31188d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/README.output
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+    "answer": {
+        "everything": 42
+    },
+    "happy": true,
+    "list": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        2
+    ],
+    "name": "Niels",
+    "new": {
+        "key": {
+            "value": [
+                "another",
+                "list"
+            ]
+        }
+    },
+    "nothing": null,
+    "object": {
+        "currency": "USD",
+        "value": 42.99
+    },
+    "pi": 3.141,
+    "size": 8
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/accept__string.cpp b/doc/examples/accept__string.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eb3d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/accept__string.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a valid JSON text
+    auto valid_text = R"(
+    {
+        "numbers": [1, 2, 3]
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // an invalid JSON text
+    auto invalid_text = R"(
+    {
+        "strings": ["extra", "comma", ]
+    }
+    )";
+
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha
+              << json::accept(valid_text) << ' '
+              << json::accept(invalid_text) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/accept__string.link b/doc/examples/accept__string.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8456e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/accept__string.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/r5Tai1spihWHTdFA"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/accept__string.output b/doc/examples/accept__string.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..836a593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/accept__string.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+true false
diff --git a/doc/examples/array.cpp b/doc/examples/array.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139b5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/array.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON arrays
+    json j_no_init_list = json::array();
+    json j_empty_init_list = json::array({});
+    json j_nonempty_init_list = json::array({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    json j_list_of_pairs = json::array({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 2} });
+
+    // serialize the JSON arrays
+    std::cout << j_no_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_empty_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_nonempty_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_list_of_pairs << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/array.link b/doc/examples/array.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c69b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/array.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Ptk2BoNyGfrZfxRU"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/array.output b/doc/examples/array.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e75a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/array.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[]
+[]
+[1,2,3,4]
+[["one",1],["two",2]]
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..202f8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON object
+    json object =
+    {
+        {"the good", "il buono"},
+        {"the bad", "il cattivo"},
+        {"the ugly", "il brutto"}
+    };
+
+    // output element with key "the ugly"
+    std::cout << object.at("the ugly") << '\n';
+
+    // change element with key "the bad"
+    object.at("the bad") = "il cattivo";
+
+    // output changed array
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+
+
+    // exception type_error.304
+    try
+    {
+        // use at() on a non-object type
+        json str = "I am a string";
+        str.at("the good") = "Another string";
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // exception out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to write at a nonexisting key
+        object.at("the fast") = "il rapido";
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.link b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0518fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/055DW3OWJPwGYr92"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.output b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b544b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"il brutto"
+{"the bad":"il cattivo","the good":"il buono","the ugly":"il brutto"}
+[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
+[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'the fast' not found
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5244f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON object
+    const json object =
+    {
+        {"the good", "il buono"},
+        {"the bad", "il cattivo"},
+        {"the ugly", "il brutto"}
+    };
+
+    // output element with key "the ugly"
+    std::cout << object.at("the ugly") << '\n';
+
+
+    // exception type_error.304
+    try
+    {
+        // use at() on a non-object type
+        const json str = "I am a string";
+        std::cout << str.at("the good") << '\n';
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // exception out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to read from a nonexisting key
+        std::cout << object.at("the fast") << '\n';
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range)
+    {
+        std::cout << "out of range" << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.link b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7cd73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/gM1uqvzukokLwjMa"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.output b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40ca3f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"il brutto"
+[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
+out of range
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type.cpp b/doc/examples/at__size_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65baedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON array
+    json array = {"first", "2nd", "third", "fourth"};
+
+    // output element at index 2 (third element)
+    std::cout << array.at(2) << '\n';
+
+    // change element at index 1 (second element) to "second"
+    array.at(1) = "second";
+
+    // output changed array
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+
+
+    // exception type_error.304
+    try
+    {
+        // use at() on a non-array type
+        json str = "I am a string";
+        str.at(0) = "Another string";
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // exception out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to write beyond the array limit
+        array.at(5) = "sixth";
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type.link b/doc/examples/at__size_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a98adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/H3tBOr4lpufGRHlF"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type.output b/doc/examples/at__size_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5402643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"third"
+["first","second","third","fourth"]
+[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
+[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faa4cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON array
+    const json array = {"first", "2nd", "third", "fourth"};
+
+    // output element at index 2 (third element)
+    std::cout << array.at(2) << '\n';
+
+
+    // exception type_error.304
+    try
+    {
+        // use at() on a non-array type
+        const json str = "I am a string";
+        std::cout << str.at(0) << '\n';
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // exception out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to read beyond the array limit
+        std::cout << array.at(5) << '\n';
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.link b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73a13bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/UtGhIQGxCYIml36F"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.output b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8135a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at__size_type_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"third"
+[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
+[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.cpp b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed450f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"number", 1}, {"string", "foo"}, {"array", {1, 2}}
+    };
+
+    // read-only access
+
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/number"
+    std::cout << j.at("/number"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/string"
+    std::cout << j.at("/string"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array"
+    std::cout << j.at("/array"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array/1"
+    std::cout << j.at("/array/1"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+
+    // writing access
+
+    // change the string
+    j.at("/string"_json_pointer) = "bar";
+    // output the changed string
+    std::cout << j["string"] << '\n';
+
+    // change an array element
+    j.at("/array/1"_json_pointer) = 21;
+    // output the changed array
+    std::cout << j["array"] << '\n';
+
+
+    // out_of_range.106
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use an array index with leading '0'
+        json::reference ref = j.at("/array/01"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.109
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use an array index that is not a number
+        json::reference ref = j.at("/array/one"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a an invalid array index
+        json::reference ref = j.at("/array/4"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.402
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use the array index '-'
+        json::reference ref = j.at("/array/-"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.403
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a JSON pointer to an nonexistent object key
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/foo"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.404
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a JSON pointer that cannot be resolved
+        json::reference ref = j.at("/number/foo"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.link b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4e2c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/NHe5FLR1KYaiHwBx"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.output b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d29893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1
+"foo"
+[1,2]
+2
+"bar"
+[1,21]
+[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'
+[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
+[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range
+[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (2) is out of range
+[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'foo' not found
+[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2b2f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    const json j =
+    {
+        {"number", 1}, {"string", "foo"}, {"array", {1, 2}}
+    };
+
+    // read-only access
+
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/number"
+    std::cout << j.at("/number"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/string"
+    std::cout << j.at("/string"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array"
+    std::cout << j.at("/array"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array/1"
+    std::cout << j.at("/array/1"_json_pointer) << '\n';
+
+    // out_of_range.109
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use an array index that is not a number
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/one"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.401
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a an invalid array index
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/4"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.402
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use the array index '-'
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/-"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.403
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a JSON pointer to an nonexistent object key
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/foo"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // out_of_range.404
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use a JSON pointer that cannot be resolved
+        json::const_reference ref = j.at("/number/foo"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.link b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f04bf5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/lbZjdwg6yII33cV5"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.output b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaf8f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/at_json_pointer_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+1
+"foo"
+[1,2]
+2
+[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
+[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range
+[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (2) is out of range
+[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'foo' not found
+[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'
diff --git a/doc/examples/back.cpp b/doc/examples/back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1439a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_object_empty(json::value_t::object);
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_array_empty(json::value_t::array);
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call back()
+    std::cout << j_boolean.back() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.back() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.back() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.back() << '\n';
+    //std::cout << j_object_empty.back() << '\n';  // undefined behavior
+    std::cout << j_array.back() << '\n';
+    //std::cout << j_array_empty.back() << '\n';   // undefined behavior
+    std::cout << j_string.back() << '\n';
+
+    // back() called on a null value
+    try
+    {
+        json j_null;
+        j_null.back();
+    }
+    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/back.link b/doc/examples/back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe2400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/swnzqmd8zj6ij1fb"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/back.output b/doc/examples/back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2990dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+true
+17
+23.42
+2
+16
+"Hello, world"
+[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d39fd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <deque>
+#include <list>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <valarray>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // ============
+    // object types
+    // ============
+
+    // create an object from an object_t value
+    json::object_t object_value = { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2} };
+    json j_object_t(object_value);
+
+    // create an object from std::map
+    std::map<std::string, int> c_map
+    {
+        {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}
+    };
+    json j_map(c_map);
+
+    // create an object from std::unordered_map
+    std::unordered_map<const char*, double> c_umap
+    {
+        {"one", 1.2}, {"two", 2.3}, {"three", 3.4}
+    };
+    json j_umap(c_umap);
+
+    // create an object from std::multimap
+    std::multimap<std::string, bool> c_mmap
+    {
+        {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true}
+    };
+    json j_mmap(c_mmap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+
+    // create an object from std::unordered_multimap
+    std::unordered_multimap<std::string, bool> c_ummap
+    {
+        {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true}
+    };
+    json j_ummap(c_ummap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+
+    // serialize the JSON objects
+    std::cout << j_object_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_map << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_umap << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_mmap << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_ummap << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // ===========
+    // array types
+    // ===========
+
+    // create an array from an array_t value
+    json::array_t array_value = {"one", "two", 3, 4.5, false};
+    json j_array_t(array_value);
+
+    // create an array from std::vector
+    std::vector<int> c_vector {1, 2, 3, 4};
+    json j_vec(c_vector);
+
+    // create an array from std::valarray
+    std::valarray<short> c_valarray {10, 9, 8, 7};
+    json j_valarray(c_valarray);
+
+    // create an array from std::deque
+    std::deque<double> c_deque {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6};
+    json j_deque(c_deque);
+
+    // create an array from std::list
+    std::list<bool> c_list {true, true, false, true};
+    json j_list(c_list);
+
+    // create an array from std::forward_list
+    std::forward_list<int64_t> c_flist {12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543};
+    json j_flist(c_flist);
+
+    // create an array from std::array
+    std::array<unsigned long, 4> c_array {{1, 2, 3, 4}};
+    json j_array(c_array);
+
+    // create an array from std::set
+    std::set<std::string> c_set {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+    json j_set(c_set); // only one entry for "one" is used
+
+    // create an array from std::unordered_set
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> c_uset {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+    json j_uset(c_uset); // only one entry for "one" is used
+
+    // create an array from std::multiset
+    std::multiset<std::string> c_mset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+    json j_mset(c_mset); // both entries for "one" are used
+
+    // create an array from std::unordered_multiset
+    std::unordered_multiset<std::string> c_umset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+    json j_umset(c_umset); // both entries for "one" are used
+
+    // serialize the JSON arrays
+    std::cout << j_array_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_vec << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_valarray << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_deque << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_flist << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_set << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_uset << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_mset << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_umset << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // ============
+    // string types
+    // ============
+
+    // create string from a string_t value
+    json::string_t string_value = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
+    json j_string_t(string_value);
+
+    // create a JSON string directly from a string literal
+    json j_string_literal("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
+
+    // create string from std::string
+    std::string s_stdstring = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
+    json j_stdstring(s_stdstring);
+
+    // serialize the JSON strings
+    std::cout << j_string_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string_literal << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_stdstring << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // ============
+    // number types
+    // ============
+
+    // create a JSON number from number_integer_t
+    json::number_integer_t value_integer_t = -42;
+    json j_integer_t(value_integer_t);
+
+    // create a JSON number from number_unsigned_t
+    json::number_integer_t value_unsigned_t = 17;
+    json j_unsigned_t(value_unsigned_t);
+
+    // create a JSON number from an anonymous enum
+    enum { enum_value = 17 };
+    json j_enum(enum_value);
+
+    // create values of different integer types
+    short n_short = 42;
+    int n_int = -23;
+    long n_long = 1024;
+    int_least32_t n_int_least32_t = -17;
+    uint8_t n_uint8_t = 8;
+
+    // create (integer) JSON numbers
+    json j_short(n_short);
+    json j_int(n_int);
+    json j_long(n_long);
+    json j_int_least32_t(n_int_least32_t);
+    json j_uint8_t(n_uint8_t);
+
+    // create values of different floating-point types
+    json::number_float_t v_ok = 3.141592653589793;
+    json::number_float_t v_nan = NAN;
+    json::number_float_t v_infinity = INFINITY;
+
+    // create values of different floating-point types
+    float n_float = 42.23;
+    float n_float_nan = 1.0f / 0.0f;
+    double n_double = 23.42;
+
+    // create (floating point) JSON numbers
+    json j_ok(v_ok);
+    json j_nan(v_nan);
+    json j_infinity(v_infinity);
+    json j_float(n_float);
+    json j_float_nan(n_float_nan);
+    json j_double(n_double);
+
+    // serialize the JSON numbers
+    std::cout << j_integer_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_unsigned_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_enum << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_short << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_int << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_long << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_int_least32_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_uint8_t << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_ok << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_nan << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_infinity << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_float << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_float_nan << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_double << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // =============
+    // boolean types
+    // =============
+
+    // create boolean values
+    json j_truth = true;
+    json j_falsity = false;
+
+    // serialize the JSON booleans
+    std::cout << j_truth << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_falsity << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a633647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/RodBcX8vpcP5dQ40"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2337e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.output
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+{"one":1,"three":3,"two":2}
+{"one":1.2,"three":3.4,"two":2.3}
+{"one":true,"three":false,"two":true}
+{"one":true,"three":false,"two":true}
+
+["one","two",3,4.5,false]
+[1,2,3,4]
+[10,9,8,7]
+[1.2,2.3,3.4,5.6]
+[true,true,false,true]
+[12345678909876,23456789098765,34567890987654,45678909876543]
+[1,2,3,4]
+["four","one","three","two"]
+["four","three","two","one"]
+["four","one","one","two"]
+["four","two","one","one"]
+
+"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
+"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
+"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
+
+-42
+17
+17
+42
+-23
+1024
+-17
+8
+3.141592653589793
+null
+null
+42.22999954223633
+null
+23.42
+
+true
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5aff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_array = {"alpha", "bravo", "charly", "delta", "easy"};
+    json j_number = 42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}};
+
+    // create copies using iterators
+    json j_array_range(j_array.begin() + 1, j_array.end() - 2);
+    json j_number_range(j_number.begin(), j_number.end());
+    json j_object_range(j_object.begin(), j_object.find("two"));
+
+    // serialize the values
+    std::cout << j_array_range << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_range << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object_range << '\n';
+
+    // example for an exception
+    try
+    {
+        json j_invalid(j_number.begin() + 1, j_number.end());
+    }
+    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..844e914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/oWFo4AhVlMBjNv8E"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfb0177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+["bravo","charly"]
+42
+{"one":"eins"}
+[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17136f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json j1 = {"one", "two", 3, 4.5, false};
+
+    // create a copy
+    json j2(j1);
+
+    // serialize the JSON array
+    std::cout << j1 << " = " << j2 << '\n';
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha << (j1 == j2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..757e2c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/oRn0YsYyurs0Zi5T"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee93a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__basic_json.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+["one","two",3,4.5,false] = ["one","two",3,4.5,false]
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d86574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json a = 23;
+    json b = 42;
+
+    // copy-assign a to b
+    b = a;
+
+    // serialize the JSON arrays
+    std::cout << a << '\n';
+    std::cout << b << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86beb67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/kVknQzPMpqjywTpG"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1eee21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__copyassignment.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+23
+23
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78611e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_empty_init_list = json({});
+    json j_object = { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2} };
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+    json j_nested_object = { {"one", {1}}, {"two", {1, 2}} };
+    json j_nested_array = { {{1}, "one"}, {{1, 2}, "two"} };
+
+    // serialize the JSON value
+    std::cout << j_empty_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_nested_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_nested_array << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..126f692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/yzkjGGzMOESBkCdH"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d38f5b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__list_init_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{}
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+[1,2,3,4]
+{"one":[1],"two":[1,2]}
+[[[1],"one"],[[1,2],"two"]]
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48b68f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json a = 23;
+
+    // move contents of a to b
+    json b(std::move(a));
+
+    // serialize the JSON arrays
+    std::cout << a << '\n';
+    std::cout << b << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9318284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/eIOvQiuID2qgxp5u"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..911b5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+null
+23
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a43666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // implicitly create a JSON null value
+    json j1;
+
+    // explicitly create a JSON null value
+    json j2(nullptr);
+
+    // serialize the JSON null value
+    std::cout << j1 << '\n' << j2 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcc4e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Vm0nR32x6co8rq40"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1e4b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+null
+null
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ec7677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array by creating copies of a JSON value
+    json value = "Hello";
+    json array_0 = json(0, value);
+    json array_1 = json(1, value);
+    json array_5 = json(5, value);
+
+    // serialize the JSON arrays
+    std::cout << array_0 << '\n';
+    std::cout << array_1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << array_5 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a6742b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/w4TtEQzlVyokIrtp"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4c59b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[]
+["Hello"]
+["Hello","Hello","Hello","Hello","Hello"]
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9488d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object with different entry types
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"integer", 1},
+        {"floating", 42.23},
+        {"string", "hello world"},
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {"object", {{"key1", 1}, {"key2", 2}}},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3}}
+    };
+
+    // access existing values
+    int v_integer = j.value("integer", 0);
+    double v_floating = j.value("floating", 47.11);
+
+    // access nonexisting values and rely on default value
+    std::string v_string = j.value("nonexisting", "oops");
+    bool v_boolean = j.value("nonexisting", false);
+
+    // output values
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha << v_integer << " " << v_floating
+              << " " << v_string << " " << v_boolean << "\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f47a80d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/mNy1nyabOkeHfHGf"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc40e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 42.23 oops false
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f25b773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object with different entry types
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"integer", 1},
+        {"floating", 42.23},
+        {"string", "hello world"},
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {"object", {{"key1", 1}, {"key2", 2}}},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3}}
+    };
+
+    // access existing values
+    int v_integer = j.value("/integer"_json_pointer, 0);
+    double v_floating = j.value("/floating"_json_pointer, 47.11);
+
+    // access nonexisting values and rely on default value
+    std::string v_string = j.value("/nonexisting"_json_pointer, "oops");
+    bool v_boolean = j.value("/nonexisting"_json_pointer, false);
+
+    // output values
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha << v_integer << " " << v_floating
+              << " " << v_string << " " << v_boolean << "\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14d3851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/a3H6kpORXgbVXylv"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc40e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_ptr.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 42.23 oops false
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.cpp b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c306731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create the different JSON values with default values
+    json j_null(json::value_t::null);
+    json j_boolean(json::value_t::boolean);
+    json j_number_integer(json::value_t::number_integer);
+    json j_number_float(json::value_t::number_float);
+    json j_object(json::value_t::object);
+    json j_array(json::value_t::array);
+    json j_string(json::value_t::string);
+
+    // serialize the JSON values
+    std::cout << j_null << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.link b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80f248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/yXZGDwDHH3LOuFIr"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.output b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea542ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/basic_json__value_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+null
+false
+0
+0.0
+{}
+[]
+""
diff --git a/doc/examples/begin.cpp b/doc/examples/begin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..654835b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/begin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the first element
+    json::iterator it = array.begin();
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/begin.link b/doc/examples/begin.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f59a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/begin.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/fS4kfQG1hmhjMScn"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/begin.output b/doc/examples/begin.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/begin.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/cbegin.cpp b/doc/examples/cbegin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bed2b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cbegin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    const json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the first element
+    json::const_iterator it = array.cbegin();
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/cbegin.link b/doc/examples/cbegin.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ff773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cbegin.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/hxcSxCPPLHpZMxjS"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/cbegin.output b/doc/examples/cbegin.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cbegin.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/cend.cpp b/doc/examples/cend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3050f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to one past the last element
+    json::const_iterator it = array.cend();
+
+    // decrement the iterator to point to the last element
+    --it;
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/cend.link b/doc/examples/cend.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1adb3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cend.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/xbnldrrN05tKIOEv"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/cend.output b/doc/examples/cend.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed6ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/cend.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5
diff --git a/doc/examples/clear.cpp b/doc/examples/clear.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f081e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/clear.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call clear()
+    j_null.clear();
+    j_boolean.clear();
+    j_number_integer.clear();
+    j_number_float.clear();
+    j_object.clear();
+    j_array.clear();
+    j_string.clear();
+
+    // serialize the cleared values()
+    std::cout << j_null << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/clear.link b/doc/examples/clear.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0146c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/clear.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/gDQPYFxMrvD7RK4z"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/clear.output b/doc/examples/clear.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea542ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/clear.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+null
+false
+0
+0.0
+{}
+[]
+""
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains.cpp b/doc/examples/contains.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df8201c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create some JSON values
+    json j_object = R"( {"key": "value"} )"_json;
+    json j_array = R"( [1, 2, 3] )"_json;
+
+    // call contains
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha <<
+              "j_object contains 'key': " << j_object.contains("key") << '\n' <<
+              "j_object contains 'another': " << j_object.contains("another") << '\n' <<
+              "j_array contains 'key': " << j_array.contains("key") << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains.link b/doc/examples/contains.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f57e702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vVY4F4xKC3v6pG6F"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains.output b/doc/examples/contains.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14ad177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+j_object contains 'key': true
+j_object contains 'another': false
+j_array contains 'key': false
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.cpp b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54bcaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"number", 1}, {"string", "foo"}, {"array", {1, 2}}
+    };
+
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha
+              << j.contains("/number"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/string"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/array"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/array/1"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/array/-"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/array/4"_json_pointer) << '\n'
+              << j.contains("/baz"_json_pointer) << std::endl;
+
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use an array index with leading '0'
+        j.contains("/array/01"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+        // try to use an array index that is not a number
+        j.contains("/array/one"_json_pointer);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.link b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1648e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Q2GTzxF8NA10kVvD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.output b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1eb38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/contains_json_pointer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+true
+true
+true
+true
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/count.cpp b/doc/examples/count.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8d54b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/count.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+    // call count()
+    auto count_two = j_object.count("two");
+    auto count_three = j_object.count("three");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << "number of elements with key \"two\": " << count_two << '\n';
+    std::cout << "number of elements with key \"three\": " << count_three << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/count.link b/doc/examples/count.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c4c081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/count.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/6LRjg1bqwchPUoDx"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/count.output b/doc/examples/count.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d816fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/count.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+number of elements with key "two": 1
+number of elements with key "three": 0
diff --git a/doc/examples/crbegin.cpp b/doc/examples/crbegin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc3209c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crbegin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the reverse-beginning
+    json::const_reverse_iterator it = array.crbegin();
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/crbegin.link b/doc/examples/crbegin.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7da8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crbegin.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/JMDd9jiP0flRKJ6C"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/crbegin.output b/doc/examples/crbegin.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed6ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crbegin.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5
diff --git a/doc/examples/crend.cpp b/doc/examples/crend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff2609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the reverse-end
+    json::const_reverse_iterator it = array.crend();
+
+    // increment the iterator to point to the first element
+    --it;
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/crend.link b/doc/examples/crend.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc3d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crend.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/HdlqwPk8bDfrZ4AE"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/crend.output b/doc/examples/crend.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/crend.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4c43f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+# define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    json j;
+    j["address"]["street"] = "Fake Street";
+    j["address"]["housenumber"] = "12";
+
+    try
+    {
+        int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
+    }
+    catch (json::exception& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.link b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f10da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/pbz3ULoJ4maRnV8N"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.output b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f142927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_extended.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) type must be number, but is string
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..575c409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    json j;
+    j["address"]["street"] = "Fake Street";
+    j["address"]["housenumber"] = "12";
+
+    try
+    {
+        int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
+    }
+    catch (json::exception& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.link b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0453b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/fWfQhHzG03P6PAcC"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.output b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79707a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diagnostics_standard.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string
diff --git a/doc/examples/diff.cpp b/doc/examples/diff.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71b19be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diff.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // the source document
+    json source = R"(
+        {
+            "baz": "qux",
+            "foo": "bar"
+        }
+    )"_json;
+
+    // the target document
+    json target = R"(
+        {
+            "baz": "boo",
+            "hello": [
+                "world"
+            ]
+        }
+    )"_json;
+
+    // create the patch
+    json patch = json::diff(source, target);
+
+    // roundtrip
+    json patched_source = source.patch(patch);
+
+    // output patch and roundtrip result
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << patch << "\n\n"
+              << std::setw(4) << patched_source << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/diff.link b/doc/examples/diff.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7adb19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diff.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GHVHgDpT5vx0KMPD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/diff.output b/doc/examples/diff.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc7979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/diff.output
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[
+    {
+        "op": "replace",
+        "path": "/baz",
+        "value": "boo"
+    },
+    {
+        "op": "remove",
+        "path": "/foo"
+    },
+    {
+        "op": "add",
+        "path": "/hello",
+        "value": [
+            "world"
+        ]
+    }
+]
+
+{
+    "baz": "boo",
+    "hello": [
+        "world"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/dump.cpp b/doc/examples/dump.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2d71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/dump.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hellö 😀!";
+
+    // call dump()
+    std::cout << "objects:" << '\n'
+              << j_object.dump() << "\n\n"
+              << j_object.dump(-1) << "\n\n"
+              << j_object.dump(0) << "\n\n"
+              << j_object.dump(4) << "\n\n"
+              << j_object.dump(1, '\t') << "\n\n";
+
+    std::cout << "arrays:" << '\n'
+              << j_array.dump() << "\n\n"
+              << j_array.dump(-1) << "\n\n"
+              << j_array.dump(0) << "\n\n"
+              << j_array.dump(4) << "\n\n"
+              << j_array.dump(1, '\t') << "\n\n";
+
+    std::cout << "strings:" << '\n'
+              << j_string.dump() << '\n'
+              << j_string.dump(-1, ' ', true) << '\n';
+
+    // create JSON value with invalid UTF-8 byte sequence
+    json j_invalid = "ä\xA9ü";
+    try
+    {
+        std::cout << j_invalid.dump() << std::endl;
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "string with replaced invalid characters: "
+              << j_invalid.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace)
+              << "\nstring with ignored invalid characters: "
+              << j_invalid.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore)
+              << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/dump.link b/doc/examples/dump.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84d9441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/dump.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/DyMiKrkKMwd3R7OU"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/dump.output b/doc/examples/dump.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43009fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/dump.output
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+objects:
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+
+{
+"one": 1,
+"two": 2
+}
+
+{
+    "one": 1,
+    "two": 2
+}
+
+{
+	"one": 1,
+	"two": 2
+}
+
+arrays:
+[1,2,4,8,16]
+
+[1,2,4,8,16]
+
+[
+1,
+2,
+4,
+8,
+16
+]
+
+[
+    1,
+    2,
+    4,
+    8,
+    16
+]
+
+[
+	1,
+	2,
+	4,
+	8,
+	16
+]
+
+strings:
+"Hellö 😀!"
+"Hell\u00f6 \ud83d\ude00!"
+[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 2: 0xA9
+string with replaced invalid characters: "ä�ü"
+string with ignored invalid characters: "äü"
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace.cpp b/doc/examples/emplace.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a531491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json null;
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // add values
+    auto res1 = object.emplace("three", 3);
+    null.emplace("A", "a");
+    null.emplace("B", "b");
+
+    // the following call will not add an object, because there is already
+    // a value stored at key "B"
+    auto res2 = null.emplace("B", "c");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << *res1.first << " " << std::boolalpha << res1.second << '\n';
+
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+    std::cout << *res2.first << " " << std::boolalpha << res2.second << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace.link b/doc/examples/emplace.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02b41d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/p9P3Ph8mdxMON6SY"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace.output b/doc/examples/emplace.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83d6f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+null
+{"one":1,"three":3,"two":2}
+3 true
+{"A":"a","B":"b"}
+"b" false
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace_back.cpp b/doc/examples/emplace_back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e979a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace_back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    json null;
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // add values
+    array.emplace_back(6);
+    null.emplace_back("first");
+    null.emplace_back(3, "second");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace_back.link b/doc/examples/emplace_back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7290ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace_back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/yMxKrJfRedlFygJD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/emplace_back.output b/doc/examples/emplace_back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd80d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/emplace_back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3,4,5]
+null
+[1,2,3,4,5,6]
+["first",["second","second","second"]]
diff --git a/doc/examples/empty.cpp b/doc/examples/empty.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef6e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/empty.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_object_empty(json::value_t::object);
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_array_empty(json::value_t::array);
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call empty()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object_empty.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array_empty.empty() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.empty() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/empty.link b/doc/examples/empty.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfe5867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/empty.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/zaexgkNdH3HYJm8D"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/empty.output b/doc/examples/empty.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d071a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/empty.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
+true
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/end.cpp b/doc/examples/end.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47beedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/end.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to one past the last element
+    json::iterator it = array.end();
+
+    // decrement the iterator to point to the last element
+    --it;
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/end.link b/doc/examples/end.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abe8fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/end.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/eQ0YI8wWcMIHtBCS"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/end.output b/doc/examples/end.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed6ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/end.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.cpp b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0d4ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call erase()
+    j_boolean.erase(j_boolean.begin());
+    j_number_integer.erase(j_number_integer.begin());
+    j_number_float.erase(j_number_float.begin());
+    j_object.erase(j_object.find("two"));
+    j_array.erase(j_array.begin() + 2);
+    j_string.erase(j_string.begin());
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << j_boolean << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.link b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1d7ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/SD62jUgeIuudweZu"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.output b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e392f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+null
+null
+null
+{"one":1}
+[1,2,8,16]
+null
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.cpp b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..392511f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call erase()
+    j_boolean.erase(j_boolean.begin(), j_boolean.end());
+    j_number_integer.erase(j_number_integer.begin(), j_number_integer.end());
+    j_number_float.erase(j_number_float.begin(), j_number_float.end());
+    j_object.erase(j_object.find("two"), j_object.end());
+    j_array.erase(j_array.begin() + 1, j_array.begin() + 3);
+    j_string.erase(j_string.begin(), j_string.end());
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << j_boolean << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.link b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d6d24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/gG3bN97HOF04Xw6S"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.output b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d01f00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+null
+null
+null
+{"one":1}
+[1,8,16]
+null
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__key_type.cpp b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fd84c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+    // call erase()
+    auto count_one = j_object.erase("one");
+    auto count_three = j_object.erase("three");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << j_object << '\n';
+    std::cout << count_one << " " << count_three << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__key_type.link b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df82391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/WSnobkZJZHUPUIRF"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__key_type.output b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d7939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__key_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"two":2}
+1 0
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__size_type.cpp b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8100623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json j_array = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // call erase()
+    j_array.erase(2);
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << j_array << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__size_type.link b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a46d527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GGoqGtqEzxAsAKnI"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/erase__size_type.output b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ad7406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/erase__size_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[0,1,3,4,5]
diff --git a/doc/examples/exception.cpp b/doc/examples/exception.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82696e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/exception.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // calling at() for a non-existing key
+        json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
+        json k = j.at("non-existing");
+    }
+    catch (json::exception& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/exception.link b/doc/examples/exception.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f40ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/exception.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vky6QCTCqtUnNVlD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/exception.output b/doc/examples/exception.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa20df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/exception.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+message: [json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'non-existing' not found
+exception id: 403
diff --git a/doc/examples/find__key_type.cpp b/doc/examples/find__key_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..685ba77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/find__key_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+    // call find
+    auto it_two = j_object.find("two");
+    auto it_three = j_object.find("three");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << "\"two\" was found: " << (it_two != j_object.end()) << '\n';
+    std::cout << "value at key \"two\": " << *it_two << '\n';
+    std::cout << "\"three\" was found: " << (it_three != j_object.end()) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/find__key_type.link b/doc/examples/find__key_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bfcc8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/find__key_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/aQjZSjuuDUxXQCjJ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/find__key_type.output b/doc/examples/find__key_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..509bb42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/find__key_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"two" was found: true
+value at key "two": 2
+"three" was found: false
diff --git a/doc/examples/flatten.cpp b/doc/examples/flatten.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83f3ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/flatten.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON value
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"pi", 3.141},
+        {"happy", true},
+        {"name", "Niels"},
+        {"nothing", nullptr},
+        {
+            "answer", {
+                {"everything", 42}
+            }
+        },
+        {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+        {
+            "object", {
+                {"currency", "USD"},
+                {"value", 42.99}
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // call flatten()
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j.flatten() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/flatten.link b/doc/examples/flatten.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac836a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/flatten.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/moO4IdryeGS8QmKo"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/flatten.output b/doc/examples/flatten.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33bd4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/flatten.output
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+    "/answer/everything": 42,
+    "/happy": true,
+    "/list/0": 1,
+    "/list/1": 0,
+    "/list/2": 2,
+    "/name": "Niels",
+    "/nothing": null,
+    "/object/currency": "USD",
+    "/object/value": 42.99,
+    "/pi": 3.141
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_bson.cpp b/doc/examples/from_bson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df71dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_bson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create byte vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+                              0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x73,
+                              0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                              0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+                             };
+
+    // deserialize it with BSON
+    json j = json::from_bson(v);
+
+    // print the deserialized JSON value
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_bson.link b/doc/examples/from_bson.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08af52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_bson.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Q7O1liz5QrgQynqQ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_bson.output b/doc/examples/from_bson.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259f63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_bson.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "compact": true,
+  "schema": 0
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_cbor.cpp b/doc/examples/from_cbor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e49987e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_cbor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create byte vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0xa2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63,
+                              0x74, 0xf5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d,
+                              0x61, 0x00
+                             };
+
+    // deserialize it with CBOR
+    json j = json::from_cbor(v);
+
+    // print the deserialized JSON value
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_cbor.link b/doc/examples/from_cbor.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbb578c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_cbor.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/AjdbchxfTsN9PHCL"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_cbor.output b/doc/examples/from_cbor.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259f63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_cbor.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "compact": true,
+  "schema": 0
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_msgpack.cpp b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67fdc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create byte vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x82, 0xa7, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63,
+                              0x74, 0xc3, 0xa6, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d,
+                              0x61, 0x00
+                             };
+
+    // deserialize it with MessagePack
+    json j = json::from_msgpack(v);
+
+    // print the deserialized JSON value
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_msgpack.link b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77a5559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/TdJfkKx0RAH5NB62"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_msgpack.output b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259f63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_msgpack.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "compact": true,
+  "schema": 0
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_ubjson.cpp b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a84057e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create byte vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x7B, 0x69, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61,
+                              0x63, 0x74, 0x54, 0x69, 0x06, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68,
+                              0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x00, 0x7D
+                             };
+
+    // deserialize it with UBJSON
+    json j = json::from_ubjson(v);
+
+    // print the deserialized JSON value
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_ubjson.link b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5f82cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GG9VzOZh1MDeTSsK"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/from_ubjson.output b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..259f63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/from_ubjson.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "compact": true,
+  "schema": 0
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/front.cpp b/doc/examples/front.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0f6306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/front.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_object_empty(json::value_t::object);
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_array_empty(json::value_t::array);
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call front()
+    //std::cout << j_null.front() << '\n';          // would throw
+    std::cout << j_boolean.front() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.front() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.front() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.front() << '\n';
+    //std::cout << j_object_empty.front() << '\n';  // undefined behavior
+    std::cout << j_array.front() << '\n';
+    //std::cout << j_array_empty.front() << '\n';   // undefined behavior
+    std::cout << j_string.front() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/front.link b/doc/examples/front.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab3cc8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/front.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/LtqaiI6oRplSg0KI"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/front.output b/doc/examples/front.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6301db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/front.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+true
+17
+23.42
+1
+1
+"Hello, world"
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__PointerType.cpp b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f32ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON number
+    json value = 17;
+
+    // explicitly getting pointers
+    auto p1 = value.get<const json::number_integer_t*>();
+    auto p2 = value.get<json::number_integer_t*>();
+    auto p3 = value.get<json::number_integer_t* const>();
+    auto p4 = value.get<const json::number_integer_t* const>();
+    auto p5 = value.get<json::number_float_t*>();
+
+    // print the pointees
+    std::cout << *p1 << ' ' << *p2 << ' ' << *p3 << ' ' << *p4 << '\n';
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha << (p5 == nullptr) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__PointerType.link b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4a213e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/ddVSXnbULrNrCbRs"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__PointerType.output b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15dd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__PointerType.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+17 17 17 17
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.cpp b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a703aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value with different types
+    json json_types =
+    {
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {
+            "number", {
+                {"integer", 42},
+                {"floating-point", 17.23}
+            }
+        },
+        {"string", "Hello, world!"},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}},
+        {"null", nullptr}
+    };
+
+    // use explicit conversions
+    auto v1 = json_types["boolean"].get<bool>();
+    auto v2 = json_types["number"]["integer"].get<int>();
+    auto v3 = json_types["number"]["integer"].get<short>();
+    auto v4 = json_types["number"]["floating-point"].get<float>();
+    auto v5 = json_types["number"]["floating-point"].get<int>();
+    auto v6 = json_types["string"].get<std::string>();
+    auto v7 = json_types["array"].get<std::vector<short>>();
+    auto v8 = json_types.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, json>>();
+
+    // print the conversion results
+    std::cout << v1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v2 << ' ' << v3 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v4 << ' ' << v5 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v6 << '\n';
+
+    for (auto i : v7)
+    {
+        std::cout << i << ' ';
+    }
+    std::cout << "\n\n";
+
+    for (auto i : v8)
+    {
+        std::cout << i.first << ": " << i.second << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.link b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf444a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/QjVgxx0bwbKuE9HI"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.output b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cd9cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get__ValueType_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+1
+42 42
+17.23 17
+Hello, world!
+1 2 3 4 5 
+
+string: "Hello, world!"
+number: {"floating-point":17.23,"integer":42}
+null: null
+boolean: true
+array: [1,2,3,4,5]
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ptr.cpp b/doc/examples/get_ptr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..564ce0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ptr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON number
+    json value = 17;
+
+    // explicitly getting pointers
+    auto p1 = value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>();
+    auto p2 = value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>();
+    auto p3 = value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t* const>();
+    auto p4 = value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t* const>();
+    auto p5 = value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>();
+
+    // print the pointees
+    std::cout << *p1 << ' ' << *p2 << ' ' << *p3 << ' ' << *p4 << '\n';
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha << (p5 == nullptr) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ptr.link b/doc/examples/get_ptr.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139fd04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ptr.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/eA1KrytMlQl1SURe"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ptr.output b/doc/examples/get_ptr.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a15dd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ptr.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+17 17 17 17
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ref.cpp b/doc/examples/get_ref.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab25946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ref.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON number
+    json value = 17;
+
+    // explicitly getting references
+    auto r1 = value.get_ref<const json::number_integer_t&>();
+    auto r2 = value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>();
+
+    // print the values
+    std::cout << r1 << ' ' << r2 << '\n';
+
+    // incompatible type throws exception
+    try
+    {
+        auto r3 = value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>();
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& ex)
+    {
+        std::cout << ex.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ref.link b/doc/examples/get_ref.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..360d002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ref.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/jVaWWe3kAjKKn99V"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_ref.output b/doc/examples/get_ref.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3811afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_ref.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+17 17
+[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_to.cpp b/doc/examples/get_to.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4705b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_to.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value with different types
+    json json_types =
+    {
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {
+            "number", {
+                {"integer", 42},
+                {"floating-point", 17.23}
+            }
+        },
+        {"string", "Hello, world!"},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}},
+        {"null", nullptr}
+    };
+
+    bool v1;
+    int v2;
+    short v3;
+    float v4;
+    int v5;
+    std::string v6;
+    std::vector<short> v7;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, json> v8;
+
+
+    // use explicit conversions
+    json_types["boolean"].get_to(v1);
+    json_types["number"]["integer"].get_to(v2);
+    json_types["number"]["integer"].get_to(v3);
+    json_types["number"]["floating-point"].get_to(v4);
+    json_types["number"]["floating-point"].get_to(v5);
+    json_types["string"].get_to(v6);
+    json_types["array"].get_to(v7);
+    json_types.get_to(v8);
+
+    // print the conversion results
+    std::cout << v1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v2 << ' ' << v3 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v4 << ' ' << v5 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v6 << '\n';
+
+    for (auto i : v7)
+    {
+        std::cout << i << ' ';
+    }
+    std::cout << "\n\n";
+
+    for (auto i : v8)
+    {
+        std::cout << i.first << ": " << i.second << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_to.link b/doc/examples/get_to.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5adf0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_to.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/UvdMlXdPnXFUq1lJ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/get_to.output b/doc/examples/get_to.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cd9cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/get_to.output
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+1
+42 42
+17.23 17
+Hello, world!
+1 2 3 4 5 
+
+string: "Hello, world!"
+number: {"floating-point":17.23,"integer":42}
+null: null
+boolean: true
+array: [1,2,3,4,5]
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert.cpp b/doc/examples/insert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ee6098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+    // insert number 10 before number 3
+    auto new_pos = v.insert(v.begin() + 2, 10);
+
+    // output new array and result of insert call
+    std::cout << *new_pos << '\n';
+    std::cout << v << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert.link b/doc/examples/insert.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d74203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/N1nlz2liDCmBn40h"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert.output b/doc/examples/insert.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5cab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+10
+[1,2,10,3,4]
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__count.cpp b/doc/examples/insert__count.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce33b93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__count.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+    // insert number 7 copies of number 7 before number 3
+    auto new_pos = v.insert(v.begin() + 2, 7, 7);
+
+    // output new array and result of insert call
+    std::cout << *new_pos << '\n';
+    std::cout << v << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__count.link b/doc/examples/insert__count.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49b892b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__count.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/eoHfSYf04soRkOto"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__count.output b/doc/examples/insert__count.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294685a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__count.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+7
+[1,2,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,3,4]
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__ilist.cpp b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a20766a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+    // insert range from v2 before the end of array v
+    auto new_pos = v.insert(v.end(), {7, 8, 9});
+
+    // output new array and result of insert call
+    std::cout << *new_pos << '\n';
+    std::cout << v << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__ilist.link b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea6760f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/oNhgDq5ejDl5RyqW"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__ilist.output b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2fc7ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__ilist.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+7
+[1,2,3,4,7,8,9]
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range.cpp b/doc/examples/insert__range.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92fe63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+    // create a JSON array to copy values from
+    json v2 = {"one", "two", "three", "four"};
+
+    // insert range from v2 before the end of array v
+    auto new_pos = v.insert(v.end(), v2.begin(), v2.end());
+
+    // output new array and result of insert call
+    std::cout << *new_pos << '\n';
+    std::cout << v << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range.link b/doc/examples/insert__range.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c24a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/LdmbgtdndQw81wQU"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range.output b/doc/examples/insert__range.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d50e9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"one"
+[1,2,3,4,"one","two","three","four"]
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range_object.cpp b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97373d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create two JSON objects
+    json j1 = {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}};
+    json j2 = {{"eleven", "elf"}, {"seventeen", "siebzehn"}};
+
+    // output objects
+    std::cout << j1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << j2 << '\n';
+
+    // insert range from j2 to j1
+    j1.insert(j2.begin(), j2.end());
+
+    // output result of insert call
+    std::cout << j1 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range_object.link b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c45c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/kp99ButEWpuNxPbq"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/insert__range_object.output b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a598515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/insert__range_object.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"one":"eins","two":"zwei"}
+{"eleven":"elf","seventeen":"siebzehn"}
+{"eleven":"elf","one":"eins","seventeen":"siebzehn","two":"zwei"}
diff --git a/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d3e622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // calling iterator::key() on non-object iterator
+        json j = "string";
+        json::iterator it = j.begin();
+        auto k = it.key();
+    }
+    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.link b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ef322e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/oUdIj3ZSbg7UCIuz"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.output b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8668c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/invalid_iterator.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+message: [json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators
+exception id: 207
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_array.cpp b/doc/examples/is_array.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ecc450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_array.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_array()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_array() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_array() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_array.link b/doc/examples/is_array.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd17ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_array.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/2ZgSEJ7UBJ9d4H6b"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_array.output b/doc/examples/is_array.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b7ef3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_array.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_binary.cpp b/doc/examples/is_binary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f049e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_binary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_binary()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_binary() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_binary() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_binary.link b/doc/examples/is_binary.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0443f91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_binary.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/to5RDM1vhrDMUfVv"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_binary.output b/doc/examples/is_binary.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..505e76e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_binary.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_boolean.cpp b/doc/examples/is_boolean.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b79819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_boolean.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_boolean()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_boolean() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_boolean() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_boolean.link b/doc/examples/is_boolean.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e740d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_boolean.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/20OXaCBWTM1dhFmv"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_boolean.output b/doc/examples/is_boolean.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eace89d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_boolean.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_discarded.cpp b/doc/examples/is_discarded.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0901665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_discarded.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_discarded()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_discarded() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_discarded() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_discarded.link b/doc/examples/is_discarded.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de93aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_discarded.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/rTNvfIpTXdFXIe20"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_discarded.output b/doc/examples/is_discarded.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14718f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_discarded.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_null.cpp b/doc/examples/is_null.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a84332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_null.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_null()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_null() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_null() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_null.link b/doc/examples/is_null.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbeab6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_null.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GCQOJn7fTbm6kPBo"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_null.output b/doc/examples/is_null.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42bbee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_null.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number.cpp b/doc/examples/is_number.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f107a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_number()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_number() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_number() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number.link b/doc/examples/is_number.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b10372a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/guySOWaTCKiXcueC"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number.output b/doc/examples/is_number.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53ef340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+true
+true
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_float.cpp b/doc/examples/is_number_float.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bba2b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_float.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_number_float()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_number_float() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_number_float() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_float.link b/doc/examples/is_number_float.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f58a47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_float.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/371XB9Jo3cwHDIBc"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_float.output b/doc/examples/is_number_float.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e64601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_float.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_integer.cpp b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d6a5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_number_integer()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_number_integer() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_integer.link b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/qzb1GYNdSbeVRamt"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_integer.output b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1df310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_integer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+true
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.cpp b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52ac6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_number_unsigned()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_number_unsigned() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.link b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8bed21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/wcfMOOVBjQMZ6iQi"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.output b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6059d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_number_unsigned.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_object.cpp b/doc/examples/is_object.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0216fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_object.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_object()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_object() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_object() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_object.link b/doc/examples/is_object.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8240d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_object.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/I9UET2tNOZLYKvf9"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_object.output b/doc/examples/is_object.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9a429f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_object.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_primitive.cpp b/doc/examples/is_primitive.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3968e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_primitive.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_primitive()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_primitive() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_primitive() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_primitive.link b/doc/examples/is_primitive.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f16649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_primitive.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/wdEBCnH75A2tWTPp"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_primitive.output b/doc/examples/is_primitive.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77af24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_primitive.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+false
+false
+true
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_string.cpp b/doc/examples/is_string.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c89f550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_string.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_string()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_string() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_string.link b/doc/examples/is_string.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..999ccd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_string.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Lcz1noVRzYcB7vXP"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_string.output b/doc/examples/is_string.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6446f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_string.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_structured.cpp b/doc/examples/is_structured.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41947b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_structured.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_number_unsigned_integer = 12345678987654321u;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+    json j_binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // call is_structured()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << j_null.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned_integer.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.is_structured() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_binary.is_structured() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_structured.link b/doc/examples/is_structured.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e54b5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_structured.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/1eYTBWunXeo3dEXD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/is_structured.output b/doc/examples/is_structured.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..625c124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/is_structured.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+false
+false
+false
+false
+false
+true
+true
+false
+false
diff --git a/doc/examples/items.cpp b/doc/examples/items.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cd2b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/items.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+
+    // example for an object
+    for (auto& x : j_object.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << x.key() << ", value: " << x.value() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // example for an array
+    for (auto& x : j_array.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << x.key() << ", value: " << x.value() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/items.link b/doc/examples/items.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61f1356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/items.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/ScW4gbehjRyjHyPZ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/items.output b/doc/examples/items.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89b09f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/items.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+key: one, value: 1
+key: two, value: 2
+key: 0, value: 1
+key: 1, value: 2
+key: 2, value: 4
+key: 3, value: 8
+key: 4, value: 16
diff --git a/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.cpp b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ef5bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+
+    // example for an object
+    for (auto& x : json::iterator_wrapper(j_object))
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << x.key() << ", value: " << x.value() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // example for an array
+    for (auto& x : json::iterator_wrapper(j_array))
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << x.key() << ", value: " << x.value() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.link b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43c08ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/CwtYFd6vT8GjFFcd"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.output b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89b09f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/iterator_wrapper.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+key: one, value: 1
+key: two, value: 2
+key: 0, value: 1
+key: 1, value: 2
+key: 2, value: 4
+key: 3, value: 8
+key: 4, value: 16
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b9717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // correct JSON pointers
+    json::json_pointer p1;
+    json::json_pointer p2("");
+    json::json_pointer p3("/");
+    json::json_pointer p4("//");
+    json::json_pointer p5("/foo/bar");
+    json::json_pointer p6("/foo/bar/-");
+    json::json_pointer p7("/foo/~0");
+    json::json_pointer p8("/foo/~1");
+
+    // error: JSON pointer does not begin with a slash
+    try
+    {
+        json::json_pointer p9("foo");
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // error: JSON pointer uses escape symbol ~ not followed by 0 or 1
+    try
+    {
+        json::json_pointer p10("/foo/~");
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // error: JSON pointer uses escape symbol ~ not followed by 0 or 1
+    try
+    {
+        json::json_pointer p11("/foo/~3");
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d3074f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/FTpanTtjcQQjZc2F"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e027d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[json.exception.parse_error.107] parse error at byte 1: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo'
+[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'
+[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d57c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // different JSON Pointers
+    json::json_pointer ptr1("/foo");
+    json::json_pointer ptr2("/foo/0");
+
+    // call empty()
+    std::cout << "last reference token of " << ptr1 << " is " << ptr1.back() << '\n'
+              << "last reference token of " << ptr2 << " is " << ptr2.back() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ab9687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/qjWp2KSJctelS7Fe"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da4d027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+last reference token of "/foo" is foo
+last reference token of "/foo/0" is 0
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5daaadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // different JSON Pointers
+    json::json_pointer ptr0;
+    json::json_pointer ptr1("");
+    json::json_pointer ptr2("/foo");
+    json::json_pointer ptr3("/foo/0");
+
+    // call empty()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha
+              << ptr0 << ": " << ptr0.empty() << '\n'
+              << ptr1 << ": " << ptr1.empty() << '\n'
+              << ptr2 << ": " << ptr2.empty() << '\n'
+              << ptr3 << ": " << ptr3.empty() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bac9163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/0iAoI04B7iJcG1pW"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7ee49c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__empty.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"": true
+"": true
+"/foo": false
+"/foo/0": false
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2bbf59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON pointer
+    json::json_pointer ptr("/foo");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    // append a JSON Pointer
+    ptr /= json::json_pointer("/bar/baz");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    // append a string
+    ptr /= "fob";
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    // append an array index
+    ptr /= 42;
+    std::cout << ptr << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08cfe8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/CL6FBsykrydDhRTF"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae13afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"/foo"
+"/foo/bar/baz"
+"/foo/bar/baz/fob"
+"/foo/bar/baz/fob/42"
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e0a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON pointer
+    json::json_pointer ptr("/foo");
+
+    // append a JSON Pointer
+    std::cout << ptr / json::json_pointer("/bar/baz") << '\n';
+
+    // append a string
+    std::cout << ptr / "fob" << '\n';
+
+    // append an array index
+    std::cout << ptr / 42 << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b973a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/qbzJzB74w6QVdKPu"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7536042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__operator_add_binary.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"/foo/bar/baz"
+"/foo/fob"
+"/foo/42"
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6021463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // different JSON Pointers
+    json::json_pointer ptr1("");
+    json::json_pointer ptr2("/foo");
+    json::json_pointer ptr3("/foo/0");
+
+    // call parent_pointer()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha
+              << "parent of " << ptr1 << " is " << ptr1.parent_pointer() << '\n'
+              << "parent of " << ptr2 << " is " << ptr2.parent_pointer() << '\n'
+              << "parent of " << ptr3 << " is " << ptr3.parent_pointer() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63edd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/9yiqfnfuF223zRfi"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cc6f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__parent_pointer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+parent of "" is ""
+parent of "/foo" is ""
+parent of "/foo/0" is "/foo"
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed3417e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create empty JSON Pointer
+    json::json_pointer ptr("/foo/bar/baz");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    // call pop_back()
+    ptr.pop_back();
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    ptr.pop_back();
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    ptr.pop_back();
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9387294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/qgH4LKyHMvQ2KdBq"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0468dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__pop_back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"/foo/bar/baz"
+"/foo/bar"
+"/foo"
+""
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6536b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create empty JSON Pointer
+    json::json_pointer ptr;
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    // call push_back()
+    ptr.push_back("foo");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    ptr.push_back("0");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+
+    ptr.push_back("bar");
+    std::cout << ptr << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df40229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/I9NdFeO2a5DmKDNw"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c019c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__push_back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+""
+"/foo"
+"/foo/0"
+"/foo/0/bar"
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.cpp b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da397cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // different JSON Pointers
+    json::json_pointer ptr1("");
+    json::json_pointer ptr2("/foo");
+    json::json_pointer ptr3("/foo/0");
+    json::json_pointer ptr4("/");
+    json::json_pointer ptr5("/a~1b");
+    json::json_pointer ptr6("/c%d");
+    json::json_pointer ptr7("/e^f");
+    json::json_pointer ptr8("/g|h");
+    json::json_pointer ptr9("/i\\j");
+    json::json_pointer ptr10("/k\"l");
+    json::json_pointer ptr11("/ ");
+    json::json_pointer ptr12("/m~0n");
+
+
+    std::cout << ptr1.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr2.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr3.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr4.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr5.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr6.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr7.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr8.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr9.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr10.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr11.to_string() << '\n'
+              << ptr12.to_string() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.link b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51eb093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/elxv2yYChrwAywYM"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.output b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4b5ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/json_pointer__to_string.output
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+/foo
+/foo/0
+/
+/a~1b
+/c%d
+/e^f
+/g|h
+/i\j
+/k"l
+/ 
+/m~0n
diff --git a/doc/examples/max_size.cpp b/doc/examples/max_size.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ffc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/max_size.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call max_size()
+    std::cout << j_null.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.max_size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.max_size() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/max_size.link b/doc/examples/max_size.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52bd366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/max_size.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vv8xdYw8TIzBs5pG"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/max_size.output b/doc/examples/max_size.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c79995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/max_size.output
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0
+1
+1
+1
+256204778801521550
+1152921504606846975
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/merge_patch.cpp b/doc/examples/merge_patch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8804d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/merge_patch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <iomanip> // for std::setw
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // the original document
+    json document = R"({
+                "title": "Goodbye!",
+                "author": {
+                    "givenName": "John",
+                    "familyName": "Doe"
+                },
+                "tags": [
+                    "example",
+                    "sample"
+                ],
+                "content": "This will be unchanged"
+            })"_json;
+
+    // the patch
+    json patch = R"({
+                "title": "Hello!",
+                "phoneNumber": "+01-123-456-7890",
+                "author": {
+                    "familyName": null
+                },
+                "tags": [
+                    "example"
+                ]
+            })"_json;
+
+    // apply the patch
+    document.merge_patch(patch);
+
+    // output original and patched document
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << document << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/merge_patch.link b/doc/examples/merge_patch.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2410989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/merge_patch.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/gYRJJgjCLw05QxMI"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/merge_patch.output b/doc/examples/merge_patch.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96adb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/merge_patch.output
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+    "author": {
+        "givenName": "John"
+    },
+    "content": "This will be unchanged",
+    "phoneNumber": "+01-123-456-7890",
+    "tags": [
+        "example"
+    ],
+    "title": "Hello!"
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/meta.cpp b/doc/examples/meta.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a051575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/meta.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // call meta()
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << json::meta() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/meta.link b/doc/examples/meta.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6955de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/meta.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/8KPHbPXQYmIYmHVl"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/meta.output b/doc/examples/meta.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80624e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/meta.output
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "compiler": {
+        "c++": "201103",
+        "family": "clang",
+        "version": "12.0.5 (clang-1205.0.22.11)"
+    },
+    "copyright": "(C) 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann",
+    "name": "JSON for Modern C++",
+    "platform": "apple",
+    "url": "https://github.com/nlohmann/json",
+    "version": {
+        "major": 3,
+        "minor": 10,
+        "patch": 0,
+        "string": "3.10.0"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/object.cpp b/doc/examples/object.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..733b89b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/object.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON objects
+    json j_no_init_list = json::object();
+    json j_empty_init_list = json::object({});
+    json j_list_of_pairs = json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 2} });
+
+    // serialize the JSON objects
+    std::cout << j_no_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_empty_init_list << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_list_of_pairs << '\n';
+
+    // example for an exception
+    try
+    {
+        // can only create an object from a list of pairs
+        json j_invalid_object = json::object({{ "one", 1, 2 }});
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/object.link b/doc/examples/object.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..322128e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/object.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/6FmKs5R3LbpOnwu5"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/object.output b/doc/examples/object.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1d814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/object.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{}
+{}
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+[json.exception.type_error.301] cannot create object from initializer list
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66fcf31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value with different types
+    json json_types =
+    {
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {
+            "number", {
+                {"integer", 42},
+                {"floating-point", 17.23}
+            }
+        },
+        {"string", "Hello, world!"},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}},
+        {"null", nullptr}
+    };
+
+    // use implicit conversions
+    bool v1 = json_types["boolean"];
+    int v2 = json_types["number"]["integer"];
+    short v3 = json_types["number"]["integer"];
+    float v4 = json_types["number"]["floating-point"];
+    int v5 = json_types["number"]["floating-point"];
+    std::string v6 = json_types["string"];
+    std::vector<short> v7 = json_types["array"];
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, json> v8 = json_types;
+
+    // print the conversion results
+    std::cout << v1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v2 << ' ' << v3 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v4 << ' ' << v5 << '\n';
+    std::cout << v6 << '\n';
+
+    for (auto i : v7)
+    {
+        std::cout << i << ' ';
+    }
+    std::cout << "\n\n";
+
+    for (auto i : v8)
+    {
+        std::cout << i.first << ": " << i.second << '\n';
+    }
+
+    // example for an exception
+    try
+    {
+        bool v1 = json_types["string"];
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.link b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4db023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/JfMIJiDcpdQUL8Zf"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.output b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3bd9ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__ValueType.output
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1
+42 42
+17.23 17
+Hello, world!
+1 2 3 4 5 
+
+string: "Hello, world!"
+number: {"floating-point":17.23,"integer":42}
+null: null
+boolean: true
+array: [1,2,3,4,5]
+[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is string
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__equal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1426f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.000000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " == " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 == array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " == " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 == object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " == " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 == number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " == " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 == string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal.link b/doc/examples/operator__equal.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..966c4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/LNp7NushnJK4Qdbh"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal.output b/doc/examples/operator__equal.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7806735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] == [1,2,4] false
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} == {"A":"a","B":"b"} true
+17 == 17.0 true
+"foo" == "bar" false
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbb2103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array = {1, 2, 3};
+    json object = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json number = 17;
+    json string = "foo";
+    json null;
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array << " == nullptr " << (array == nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object << " == nullptr " << (object == nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number << " == nullptr " << (number == nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string << " == nullptr " << (string == nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << " == nullptr " << (null == nullptr) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.link b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5321622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/s62P9RmAe0bB7jVS"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.output b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7128e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__equal__nullptr_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[1,2,3] == nullptr false
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} == nullptr false
+17 == nullptr false
+"foo" == nullptr false
+null == nullptr true
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greater.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__greater.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65bb9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greater.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.0000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " > " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 > array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " > " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 > object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " > " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 > number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " > " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 > string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greater.link b/doc/examples/operator__greater.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52b4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greater.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/U2Y3DKDAI3QVV6WY"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greater.output b/doc/examples/operator__greater.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..910c48e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greater.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] > [1,2,4] false
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} > {"A":"a","B":"b"} false
+17 > 17.0000000000001 false
+"foo" > "bar" true
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8659ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.0000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " >= " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 >= array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " >= " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 >= object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " >= " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 >= number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " >= " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 >= string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.link b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b9b42c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/rPkPEfJCs9deVcDh"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.output b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b9151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__greaterequal.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] >= [1,2,4] false
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} >= {"A":"a","B":"b"} true
+17 >= 17.0000000000001 false
+"foo" >= "bar" true
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__less.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__less.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64209a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__less.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.0000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " == " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 < array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " == " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 < object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " == " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 < number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " == " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 < string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__less.link b/doc/examples/operator__less.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d69ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__less.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/uVaxGsyeyMBSgFmD"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__less.output b/doc/examples/operator__less.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abbbc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__less.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] == [1,2,4] true
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} == {"A":"a","B":"b"} false
+17 == 17.0000000000001 true
+"foo" == "bar" false
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..543b954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.0000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " <= " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 <= array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " <= " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 <= object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " <= " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 <= number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " <= " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 <= string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.link b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..750c6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/XuFcFYlyCUhSZOMh"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.output b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7f0327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__lessequal.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] <= [1,2,4] true
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} <= {"A":"a","B":"b"} true
+17 <= 17.0000000000001 true
+"foo" <= "bar" false
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e8950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array_1 = {1, 2, 3};
+    json array_2 = {1, 2, 4};
+    json object_1 = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json object_2 = {{"B", "b"}, {"A", "a"}};
+    json number_1 = 17;
+    json number_2 = 17.000000000000001L;
+    json string_1 = "foo";
+    json string_2 = "bar";
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array_1 << " != " << array_2 << " " << (array_1 != array_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object_1 << " != " << object_2 << " " << (object_1 != object_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number_1 << " != " << number_2 << " " << (number_1 != number_2) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string_1 << " != " << string_2 << " " << (string_1 != string_2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal.link b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb094c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/zmDAeDnNWMEipr0f"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal.output b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cbc0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3] != [1,2,4] true
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} != {"A":"a","B":"b"} false
+17 != 17.0 false
+"foo" != "bar" true
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc7e6ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create several JSON values
+    json array = {1, 2, 3};
+    json object = {{"A", "a"}, {"B", "b"}};
+    json number = 17;
+    json string = "foo";
+    json null;
+
+    // output values and comparisons
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << array << " != nullptr " << (array != nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << object << " != nullptr " << (object != nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << number << " != nullptr " << (number != nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << string << " != nullptr " << (string != nullptr) << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << " != nullptr " << (null != nullptr) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.link b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a013c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/FI3oaFMYKW21XWOx"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.output b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fc36dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__notequal__nullptr_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[1,2,3] != nullptr true
+{"A":"a","B":"b"} != nullptr true
+17 != nullptr true
+"foo" != nullptr true
+null != nullptr false
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__value_t.cpp b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9aac79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = -17;
+    json j_number_unsigned = 42u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call operator value_t()
+    json::value_t t_null = j_null;
+    json::value_t t_boolean = j_boolean;
+    json::value_t t_number_integer = j_number_integer;
+    json::value_t t_number_unsigned = j_number_unsigned;
+    json::value_t t_number_float = j_number_float;
+    json::value_t t_object = j_object;
+    json::value_t t_array = j_array;
+    json::value_t t_string = j_string;
+
+    // print types
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << (t_null == json::value_t::null) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_boolean == json::value_t::boolean) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_number_integer == json::value_t::number_integer) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_number_unsigned == json::value_t::number_unsigned) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_number_float == json::value_t::number_float) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_object == json::value_t::object) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_array == json::value_t::array) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (t_string == json::value_t::string) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__value_t.link b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71cb214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/zrh9lwsqcXTRxKAB"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator__value_t.output b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..310e632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator__value_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.cpp b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e3d8bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create stream with serialized JSON
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << R"({
+        "number": 23,
+        "string": "Hello, world!",
+        "array": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+        "boolean": false,
+        "null": null
+    })";
+
+    // create JSON value and read the serialization from the stream
+    json j;
+    ss >> j;
+
+    // serialize JSON
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.link b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e4f728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/u7H6MXaycH9x6z2b"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.output b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81a203f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_deserialize.output
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "array": [
+    1,
+    2,
+    3,
+    4,
+    5
+  ],
+  "boolean": false,
+  "null": null,
+  "number": 23,
+  "string": "Hello, world!"
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_serialize.cpp b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bd4ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+
+    // serialize without indentation
+    std::cout << j_object << "\n\n";
+    std::cout << j_array << "\n\n";
+
+    // serialize with indentation
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_object << "\n\n";
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << j_array << "\n\n";
+    std::cout << std::setw(1) << std::setfill('\t') << j_object << "\n\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_serialize.link b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6d157e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/XLOzBknv2FczmATS"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operator_serialize.output b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e86bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operator_serialize.output
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+
+[1,2,4,8,16]
+
+{
+    "one": 1,
+    "two": 2
+}
+
+[
+  1,
+  2,
+  4,
+  8,
+  16
+]
+
+{
+	"one": 1,
+	"two": 2
+}
+
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9b7f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    json object =
+    {
+        {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 2.9}
+    };
+
+    // output element with key "two"
+    std::cout << object["two"] << "\n\n";
+
+    // change element with key "three"
+    object["three"] = 3;
+
+    // output changed array
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << object << "\n\n";
+
+    // mention nonexisting key
+    object["four"];
+
+    // write to nonexisting key
+    object["five"]["really"]["nested"] = true;
+
+    // output changed object
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << object << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.link b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e03051d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/OpoeAt1xGB4xduPx"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.output b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b643587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+2
+
+{
+    "one": 1,
+    "three": 3,
+    "two": 2
+}
+
+{
+    "five": {
+        "really": {
+            "nested": true
+        }
+    },
+    "four": null,
+    "one": 1,
+    "three": 3,
+    "two": 2
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bdb340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON object
+    const json object =
+    {
+        {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 2.9}
+    };
+
+    // output element with key "two"
+    std::cout << object["two"] << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.link b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a902338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/csxHXR7rMgsx8lD0"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.output b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cfbf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6f3e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON array
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // output element at index 3 (fourth element)
+    std::cout << array[3] << '\n';
+
+    // change last element to 6
+    array[array.size() - 1] = 6;
+
+    // output changed array
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+
+    // write beyond array limit
+    array[10] = 11;
+
+    // output changed array
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.link b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b8b16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/FqlufeB2ykspIWMX"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.output b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a91a106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+4
+[1,2,3,4,6]
+[1,2,3,4,6,null,null,null,null,null,11]
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d56fa0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON array
+    const json array = {"first", "2nd", "third", "fourth"};
+
+    // output element at index 2 (third element)
+    std::cout << array.at(2) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.link b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f23018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/ZdkclPKi4eV5qHAO"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.output b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4450c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"third"
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0353a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j =
+    {
+        {"number", 1}, {"string", "foo"}, {"array", {1, 2}}
+    };
+
+    // read-only access
+
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/number"
+    std::cout << j["/number"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/string"
+    std::cout << j["/string"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array"
+    std::cout << j["/array"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array/1"
+    std::cout << j["/array/1"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+
+    // writing access
+
+    // change the string
+    j["/string"_json_pointer] = "bar";
+    // output the changed string
+    std::cout << j["string"] << '\n';
+
+    // "change" a nonexisting object entry
+    j["/boolean"_json_pointer] = true;
+    // output the changed object
+    std::cout << j << '\n';
+
+    // change an array element
+    j["/array/1"_json_pointer] = 21;
+    // "change" an array element with nonexisting index
+    j["/array/4"_json_pointer] = 44;
+    // output the changed array
+    std::cout << j["array"] << '\n';
+
+    // "change" the array element past the end
+    j["/array/-"_json_pointer] = 55;
+    // output the changed array
+    std::cout << j["array"] << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.link b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa7aecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/Ip5D5sYs4lFNTeQk"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.output b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd1b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer.output
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+1
+"foo"
+[1,2]
+2
+"bar"
+{"array":[1,2],"boolean":true,"number":1,"string":"bar"}
+[1,21,null,null,44]
+[1,21,null,null,44,55]
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.cpp b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5a437b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    const json j =
+    {
+        {"number", 1}, {"string", "foo"}, {"array", {1, 2}}
+    };
+
+    // read-only access
+
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/number"
+    std::cout << j["/number"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/string"
+    std::cout << j["/string"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array"
+    std::cout << j["/array"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+    // output element with JSON pointer "/array/1"
+    std::cout << j["/array/1"_json_pointer] << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.link b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb01e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/cgeqOQ3Ed4B5H36y"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.output b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b9306b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+1
+"foo"
+[1,2]
+2
diff --git a/doc/examples/other_error.cpp b/doc/examples/other_error.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e7ccfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/other_error.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // executing a failing JSON Patch operation
+        json value = R"({
+            "best_biscuit": {
+                "name": "Oreo"
+            }
+        })"_json;
+        json patch = R"([{
+            "op": "test",
+            "path": "/best_biscuit/name",
+            "value": "Choco Leibniz"
+        }])"_json;
+        value.patch(patch);
+    }
+    catch (json::other_error& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/other_error.link b/doc/examples/other_error.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f542efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/other_error.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/arzWNZW2mX7NN4hn"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/other_error.output b/doc/examples/other_error.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b80f1cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/other_error.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+message: [json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/best_biscuit/name","value":"Choco Leibniz"}
+exception id: 501
diff --git a/doc/examples/out_of_range.cpp b/doc/examples/out_of_range.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e711640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/out_of_range.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // calling at() for an invalid index
+        json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+        j.at(4) = 10;
+    }
+    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/out_of_range.link b/doc/examples/out_of_range.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25833f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/out_of_range.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/N1cH6xfYoW268tU1"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/out_of_range.output b/doc/examples/out_of_range.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ec76b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/out_of_range.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+message: [json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range
+exception id: 401
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82449a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // an invalid JSON text
+    std::string text = R"(
+    {
+        "key": "value without closing quotes
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // parse with exceptions
+    try
+    {
+        json j = json::parse(text);
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    // parse without exceptions
+    json j = json::parse(text, nullptr, false);
+
+    if (j.is_discarded())
+    {
+        std::cout << "the input is invalid JSON" << std::endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        std::cout << "the input is valid JSON: " << j << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.link b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..386dfe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/2TsG4VSg87HsRQC9"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.output b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d650824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 4, column 0: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000A (LF) must be escaped to \u000A or \n; last read: '"value without closing quotes<U+000A>'
+the input is invalid JSON
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f0a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text
+    char text[] = R"(
+    {
+        "Image": {
+            "Width":  800,
+            "Height": 600,
+            "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+            "Thumbnail": {
+                "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                "Height": 125,
+                "Width":  100
+            },
+            "Animated" : false,
+            "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
+        }
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    json j_complete = json::parse(text);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_complete << "\n\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.link b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdecb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GQUBprVlhQf1GAn0"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.output b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62bb858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+    "Image": {
+        "Animated": false,
+        "Height": 600,
+        "IDs": [
+            116,
+            943,
+            234,
+            38793
+        ],
+        "Thumbnail": {
+            "Height": 125,
+            "Url": "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+            "Width": 100
+        },
+        "Title": "View from 15th Floor",
+        "Width": 800
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14cfa25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text given as std::vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> text = {'[', '1', ',', '2', ',', '3', ']', '\0'};
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    json j_complete = json::parse(text);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_complete << "\n\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.link b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c681b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vNtAnvMvjPVNbQWr"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.output b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74633e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[
+    1,
+    2,
+    3
+]
+
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afcaa39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text
+    auto text = R"(
+    {
+        "Image": {
+            "Width":  800,
+            "Height": 600,
+            "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+            "Thumbnail": {
+                "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                "Height": 125,
+                "Width":  100
+            },
+            "Animated" : false,
+            "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
+        }
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // fill a stream with JSON text
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << text;
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    json j_complete = json::parse(ss);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_complete << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // define parser callback
+    json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int depth, json::parse_event_t event, json & parsed)
+    {
+        // skip object elements with key "Thumbnail"
+        if (event == json::parse_event_t::key and parsed == json("Thumbnail"))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // fill a stream with JSON text
+    ss.clear();
+    ss << text;
+
+    // parse (with callback) and serialize JSON
+    json j_filtered = json::parse(ss, cb);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_filtered << '\n';
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.link b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21118db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/oVoHIptkIrU5Obmp"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.output b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..279a7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+    "Image": {
+        "Animated": false,
+        "Height": 600,
+        "IDs": [
+            116,
+            943,
+            234,
+            38793
+        ],
+        "Thumbnail": {
+            "Height": 125,
+            "Url": "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+            "Width": 100
+        },
+        "Title": "View from 15th Floor",
+        "Width": 800
+    }
+}
+
+{
+    "Image": {
+        "Animated": false,
+        "Height": 600,
+        "IDs": [
+            116,
+            943,
+            234,
+            38793
+        ],
+        "Title": "View from 15th Floor",
+        "Width": 800
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b5e23d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text given as std::vector
+    std::vector<uint8_t> text = {'[', '1', ',', '2', ',', '3', ']', '\0'};
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    json j_complete = json::parse(text.begin(), text.end());
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_complete << "\n\n";
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.link b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d12ba20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/9CXgX4XrjlHDszdi"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.output b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74633e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__iteratortype__parser_callback_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[
+    1,
+    2,
+    3
+]
+
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ae4410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text
+    auto text = R"(
+    {
+        "Image": {
+            "Width":  800,
+            "Height": 600,
+            "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+            "Thumbnail": {
+                "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                "Height": 125,
+                "Width":  100
+            },
+            "Animated" : false,
+            "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
+        }
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    json j_complete = json::parse(text);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_complete << "\n\n";
+
+
+    // define parser callback
+    json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int depth, json::parse_event_t event, json & parsed)
+    {
+        // skip object elements with key "Thumbnail"
+        if (event == json::parse_event_t::key and parsed == json("Thumbnail"))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // parse (with callback) and serialize JSON
+    json j_filtered = json::parse(text, cb);
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_filtered << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.link b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d24e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vDAnSEYiVgIdK3sK"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..279a7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+    "Image": {
+        "Animated": false,
+        "Height": 600,
+        "IDs": [
+            116,
+            943,
+            234,
+            38793
+        ],
+        "Thumbnail": {
+            "Height": 125,
+            "Url": "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+            "Width": 100
+        },
+        "Title": "View from 15th Floor",
+        "Width": 800
+    }
+}
+
+{
+    "Image": {
+        "Animated": false,
+        "Height": 600,
+        "IDs": [
+            116,
+            943,
+            234,
+            38793
+        ],
+        "Title": "View from 15th Floor",
+        "Width": 800
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse_error.cpp b/doc/examples/parse_error.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b27b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse_error.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // parsing input with a syntax error
+        json::parse("[1,2,3,]");
+    }
+    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << '\n'
+                  << "byte position of error: " << e.byte << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse_error.link b/doc/examples/parse_error.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3c0da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse_error.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/ZkoSrF7OOVUQf4Db"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/parse_error.output b/doc/examples/parse_error.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe366ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/parse_error.output
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+message: [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
+exception id: 101
+byte position of error: 8
diff --git a/doc/examples/patch.cpp b/doc/examples/patch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0896c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/patch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // the original document
+    json doc = R"(
+        {
+          "baz": "qux",
+          "foo": "bar"
+        }
+    )"_json;
+
+    // the patch
+    json patch = R"(
+        [
+          { "op": "replace", "path": "/baz", "value": "boo" },
+          { "op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"] },
+          { "op": "remove", "path": "/foo"}
+        ]
+    )"_json;
+
+    // apply the patch
+    json patched_doc = doc.patch(patch);
+
+    // output original and patched document
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << doc << "\n\n"
+              << std::setw(4) << patched_doc << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/patch.link b/doc/examples/patch.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9b370a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/patch.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/GrqC402vqxttNYPl"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/patch.output b/doc/examples/patch.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb558fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/patch.output
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+    "baz": "qux",
+    "foo": "bar"
+}
+
+{
+    "baz": "boo",
+    "hello": [
+        "world"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back.cpp b/doc/examples/push_back.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbddf4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    json null;
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // add values
+    array.push_back(6);
+    array += 7;
+    null += "first";
+    null += "second";
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << array << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back.link b/doc/examples/push_back.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b89d5c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/s6FfaomLrs4KRfPj"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back.output b/doc/examples/push_back.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3306b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[1,2,3,4,5]
+null
+[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
+["first","second"]
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.cpp b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e96645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json null;
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // add values:
+    object.push_back({"three", 3});  // object is extended
+    object += {"four", 4};           // object is extended
+    null.push_back({"five", 5});     // null is converted to array
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // would throw:
+    //object.push_back({1, 2, 3});
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.link b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e57e93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/mbZlrIGr8Rsdjeow"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.output b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668eb25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__initializer_list.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+null
+{"four":4,"one":1,"three":3,"two":2}
+[["five",5]]
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.cpp b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d694e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json null;
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+
+    // add values
+    object.push_back(json::object_t::value_type("three", 3));
+    object += json::object_t::value_type("four", 4);
+    null += json::object_t::value_type("A", "a");
+    null += json::object_t::value_type("B", "b");
+
+    // print values
+    std::cout << object << '\n';
+    std::cout << null << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.link b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e0cf7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/AdA8l0WpxC6GiE5E"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.output b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a7d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/push_back__object_t__value.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"one":1,"two":2}
+null
+{"four":4,"one":1,"three":3,"two":2}
+{"A":"a","B":"b"}
diff --git a/doc/examples/rbegin.cpp b/doc/examples/rbegin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239f7a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rbegin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the reverse-beginning
+    json::reverse_iterator it = array.rbegin();
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/rbegin.link b/doc/examples/rbegin.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06beb46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rbegin.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/VrEpD8lD8TTaI0NX"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/rbegin.output b/doc/examples/rbegin.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed6ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rbegin.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5
diff --git a/doc/examples/rend.cpp b/doc/examples/rend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adadbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create an array value
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+    // get an iterator to the reverse-end
+    json::reverse_iterator it = array.rend();
+
+    // increment the iterator to point to the first element
+    --it;
+
+    // serialize the element that the iterator points to
+    std::cout << *it << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/rend.link b/doc/examples/rend.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf8e33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rend.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/JwrsWR45xOFouUXN"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/rend.output b/doc/examples/rend.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/rend.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/sax_parse.cpp b/doc/examples/sax_parse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45273eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/sax_parse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// a simple event consumer that collects string representations of the passed
+// values; not inheriting from json::json_sax_t is not required, but can
+// help not to forget a required function
+class sax_event_consumer : public json::json_sax_t
+{
+  public:
+    std::vector<std::string> events;
+
+    bool null() override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: null");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: " + std::string(val ? "true" : "false"));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: " + std::to_string(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: " + std::to_string(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: " + s);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("value: " + val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("start: object");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object() override
+    {
+        events.push_back("end: object");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("start: array");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array() override
+    {
+        events.push_back("end: array");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("key: " + val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(json::binary_t& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("binary");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const json::exception& ex) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("error: " + std::string(ex.what()));
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    // a JSON text
+    auto text = R"(
+    {
+        "Image": {
+            "Width":  800,
+            "Height": 600,
+            "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+            "Thumbnail": {
+                "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                "Height": 125,
+                "Width":  100
+            },
+            "Animated" : false,
+            "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793],
+            "Distance": 12.723374634
+        }
+    }
+    )";
+
+    // create a SAX event consumer object
+    sax_event_consumer sec;
+
+    // parse and serialize JSON
+    bool result = json::sax_parse(text, &sec);
+
+    // output the recorded events
+    for (auto& event : sec.events)
+    {
+        std::cout << "(" << event << ") ";
+    }
+
+    // output the result of sax_parse
+    std::cout << "\nresult: " << std::boolalpha << result << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/sax_parse.link b/doc/examples/sax_parse.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bab127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/sax_parse.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/QaneqALPjiPk81vJ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/sax_parse.output b/doc/examples/sax_parse.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e16c2c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/sax_parse.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(start: object) (key: Image) (start: object) (key: Width) (value: 800) (key: Height) (value: 600) (key: Title) (value: View from 15th Floor) (key: Thumbnail) (start: object) (key: Url) (value: http://www.example.com/image/481989943) (key: Height) (value: 125) (key: Width) (value: 100) (end: object) (key: Animated) (value: false) (key: IDs) (start: array) (value: 116) (value: 943) (value: 234) (value: 38793) (end: array) (key: Distance) (value: 12.723374634) (end: object) (end: object) 
+result: true
diff --git a/doc/examples/size.cpp b/doc/examples/size.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2375483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/size.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = 17;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_object_empty(json::value_t::object);
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_array_empty(json::value_t::array);
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call size()
+    std::cout << j_null.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object_empty.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array_empty.size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string.size() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/size.link b/doc/examples/size.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31f00ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/size.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/mvJT2pbloHlkrl6r"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/size.output b/doc/examples/size.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3831387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/size.output
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+0
+1
+1
+1
+2
+0
+5
+0
+1
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__array_t.cpp b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2119dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json value = {{"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}}};
+
+    // create an array_t
+    json::array_t array = {"Snap", "Crackle", "Pop"};
+
+    // swap the array stored in the JSON value
+    value["array"].swap(array);
+
+    // output the values
+    std::cout << "value = " << value << '\n';
+    std::cout << "array = " << array << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__array_t.link b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7593790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/c0nkTOokPyL8J1JL"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__array_t.output b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365302c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__array_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+value = {"array":["Snap","Crackle","Pop"]}
+array = [1,2,3,4]
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.cpp b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b8fc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a binary value
+    json value = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+    // create a binary_t
+    json::binary_t binary = {{4, 5, 6}};
+
+    // swap the object stored in the JSON value
+    value.swap(binary);
+
+    // output the values
+    std::cout << "value = " << value << '\n';
+    std::cout << "binary = " << json(binary) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.link b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f035a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/OD1Yaew9vlzMYxmX"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.output b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68cd768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__binary_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+value = {"bytes":[4,5,6],"subtype":null}
+binary = {"bytes":[1,2,3],"subtype":null}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__object_t.cpp b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..301b558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json value = { {"translation", {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}}} };
+
+    // create an object_t
+    json::object_t object = {{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"dog", "Hund"}};
+
+    // swap the object stored in the JSON value
+    value["translation"].swap(object);
+
+    // output the values
+    std::cout << "value = " << value << '\n';
+    std::cout << "object = " << object << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__object_t.link b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45b0499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/IcxTHxey5qxGeAy2"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__object_t.output b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5c9791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__object_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+value = {"translation":{"cow":"Kuh","dog":"Hund"}}
+object = {"one":"eins","two":"zwei"}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__reference.cpp b/doc/examples/swap__reference.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34182ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__reference.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create two JSON values
+    json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    json j2 = {{"pi", 3.141592653589793}, {"e", 2.718281828459045}};
+
+    // swap the values
+    j1.swap(j2);
+
+    // output the values
+    std::cout << "j1 = " << j1 << '\n';
+    std::cout << "j2 = " << j2 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__reference.link b/doc/examples/swap__reference.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f056ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__reference.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/WL9q27mBi3aXi5Pa"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__reference.output b/doc/examples/swap__reference.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96b07b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__reference.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+j1 = {"e":2.718281828459045,"pi":3.141592653589793}
+j2 = [1,2,3,4,5]
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__string_t.cpp b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5d5831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json value = { "the good", "the bad", "the ugly" };
+
+    // create string_t
+    json::string_t string = "the fast";
+
+    // swap the object stored in the JSON value
+    value[1].swap(string);
+
+    // output the values
+    std::cout << "value = " << value << '\n';
+    std::cout << "string = " << string << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__string_t.link b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b00374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/SyMx0P688ApRQzMt"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/swap__string_t.output b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae2a097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/swap__string_t.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+value = ["the good","the fast","the ugly"]
+string = the bad
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_bson.cpp b/doc/examples/to_bson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd2884f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_bson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
+
+    // serialize it to BSON
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = json::to_bson(j);
+
+    // print the vector content
+    for (auto& byte : v)
+    {
+        std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)byte << " ";
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_bson.link b/doc/examples/to_bson.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bad4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_bson.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/hrN6v0tVSMVw8ME9"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_bson.output b/doc/examples/to_bson.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..379532a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_bson.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0x1b 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x63 0x6f 0x6d 0x70 0x61 0x63 0x74 0x00 0x01 0x10 0x73 0x63 0x68 0x65 0x6d 0x61 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_cbor.cpp b/doc/examples/to_cbor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1237ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_cbor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
+
+    // serialize it to CBOR
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+    // print the vector content
+    for (auto& byte : v)
+    {
+        std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)byte << " ";
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_cbor.link b/doc/examples/to_cbor.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efac9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_cbor.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/r2Sb8yJjRQG98WkO"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_cbor.output b/doc/examples/to_cbor.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02c9ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_cbor.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0xa2 0x67 0x63 0x6f 0x6d 0x70 0x61 0x63 0x74 0xf5 0x66 0x73 0x63 0x68 0x65 0x6d 0x61 0x00 
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_msgpack.cpp b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99cc9ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
+
+    // serialize it to MessagePack
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = json::to_msgpack(j);
+
+    // print the vector content
+    for (auto& byte : v)
+    {
+        std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)byte << " ";
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_msgpack.link b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c7a078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/HtOtIvPkgOy5JVHb"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_msgpack.output b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d6c40a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_msgpack.output
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0x82 0xa7 0x63 0x6f 0x6d 0x70 0x61 0x63 0x74 0xc3 0xa6 0x73 0x63 0x68 0x65 0x6d 0x61 0x00 
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_ubjson.cpp b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06b2abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// function to print UBJSON's diagnostic format
+void print_byte(uint8_t byte)
+{
+    if (32 < byte and byte < 128)
+    {
+        std::cout << (char)byte;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        std::cout << (int)byte;
+    }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create a JSON value
+    json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": false})"_json;
+
+    // serialize it to UBJSON
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v = json::to_ubjson(j);
+
+    // print the vector content
+    for (auto& byte : v)
+    {
+        print_byte(byte);
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+
+    // create an array of numbers
+    json array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+
+    // serialize it to UBJSON using default representation
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v_array = json::to_ubjson(array);
+    // serialize it to UBJSON using size optimization
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v_array_size = json::to_ubjson(array, true);
+    // serialize it to UBJSON using type optimization
+    std::vector<uint8_t> v_array_size_and_type = json::to_ubjson(array, true, true);
+
+    // print the vector contents
+    for (auto& byte : v_array)
+    {
+        print_byte(byte);
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+
+    for (auto& byte : v_array_size)
+    {
+        print_byte(byte);
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+
+    for (auto& byte : v_array_size_and_type)
+    {
+        print_byte(byte);
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_ubjson.link b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..996e19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/pc1zxKaned8pvvXJ"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/to_ubjson.output b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..087980c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/to_ubjson.output
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{i7compactTi6schemaF}
+[i1i2i3i4i5i6i7i8]
+[#i8i1i2i3i4i5i6i7i8
+[$i#i812345678
diff --git a/doc/examples/type.cpp b/doc/examples/type.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68fba3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = -17;
+    json j_number_unsigned = 42u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call type()
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << (j_null.type() == json::value_t::null) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_boolean.type() == json::value_t::boolean) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_number_integer.type() == json::value_t::number_integer) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_number_unsigned.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_number_float.type() == json::value_t::number_float) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_object.type() == json::value_t::object) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_array.type() == json::value_t::array) << '\n';
+    std::cout << (j_string.type() == json::value_t::string) << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/type.link b/doc/examples/type.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..746aaa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/0s7Ewz3zhZQfWzjR"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/type.output b/doc/examples/type.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..310e632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type.output
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
+true
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_error.cpp b/doc/examples/type_error.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4f18b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_error.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // calling push_back() on a string value
+        json j = "string";
+        j.push_back("another string");
+    }
+    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    {
+        // output exception information
+        std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
+                  << "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_error.link b/doc/examples/type_error.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d054b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_error.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/vBuKAAPU80iMcXQC"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_error.output b/doc/examples/type_error.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a67339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_error.output
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+message: [json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with string
+exception id: 308
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_name.cpp b/doc/examples/type_name.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d3590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_name.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON values
+    json j_null;
+    json j_boolean = true;
+    json j_number_integer = -17;
+    json j_number_unsigned = 42u;
+    json j_number_float = 23.42;
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+    json j_array = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
+    json j_string = "Hello, world";
+
+    // call type_name()
+    std::cout << j_null << " is a " << j_null.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_boolean << " is a " << j_boolean.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_integer << " is a " << j_number_integer.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_unsigned << " is a " << j_number_unsigned.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_number_float << " is a " << j_number_float.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_object << " is an " << j_object.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_array << " is an " << j_array.type_name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << j_string << " is a " << j_string.type_name() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_name.link b/doc/examples/type_name.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0c5559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_name.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/hOsdmb4wLEoYc4xh"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/type_name.output b/doc/examples/type_name.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f394e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/type_name.output
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+null is a null
+true is a boolean
+-17 is a number
+42 is a number
+23.42 is a number
+{"one":1,"two":2} is an object
+[1,2,4,8,16] is an array
+"Hello, world" is a string
diff --git a/doc/examples/unflatten.cpp b/doc/examples/unflatten.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75fb02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/unflatten.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create JSON value
+    json j_flattened =
+    {
+        {"/answer/everything", 42},
+        {"/happy", true},
+        {"/list/0", 1},
+        {"/list/1", 0},
+        {"/list/2", 2},
+        {"/name", "Niels"},
+        {"/nothing", nullptr},
+        {"/object/currency", "USD"},
+        {"/object/value", 42.99},
+        {"/pi", 3.141}
+    };
+
+    // call unflatten()
+    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j_flattened.unflatten() << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/unflatten.link b/doc/examples/unflatten.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d1be78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/unflatten.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/x5rihodknargY77f"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/unflatten.output b/doc/examples/unflatten.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed48385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/unflatten.output
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+    "answer": {
+        "everything": 42
+    },
+    "happy": true,
+    "list": [
+        1,
+        0,
+        2
+    ],
+    "name": "Niels",
+    "nothing": null,
+    "object": {
+        "currency": "USD",
+        "value": 42.99
+    },
+    "pi": 3.141
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/update.cpp b/doc/examples/update.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fecdae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create two JSON objects
+    json o1 = R"( {"color": "red", "price": 17.99} )"_json;
+    json o2 = R"( {"color": "blue", "speed": 100} )"_json;
+
+    // add all keys from o2 to o1 (updating "color")
+    o1.update(o2);
+
+    // output updated object o1
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << o1 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/update.link b/doc/examples/update.link
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2728616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update.link
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/KZsjDe1v3arweQPv"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/update.output b/doc/examples/update.output
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69f0965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update.output
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "color": "blue",
+  "price": 17.99,
+  "speed": 100
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/update__range.cpp b/doc/examples/update__range.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f3e521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update__range.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // create two JSON objects
+    json o1 = R"( {"color": "red", "price": 17.99} )"_json;
+    json o2 = R"( {"color": "blue", "speed": 100} )"_json;
+
+    // add all keys from o2 to o1 (updating "color")
+    o1.update(o2.begin(), o2.end());
+
+    // output updated object o1
+    std::cout << std::setw(2) << o1 << '\n';
+}
diff --git a/doc/examples/update__range.link b/doc/examples/update__range.link
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index 0000000..562ebf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update__range.link
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+<a target="_blank" href="https://wandbox.org/permlink/O3XNqD5PQ6SyQ9vS"><b>online</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/examples/update__range.output b/doc/examples/update__range.output
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index 0000000..69f0965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/examples/update__range.output
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+{
+  "color": "blue",
+  "price": 17.99,
+  "speed": 100
+}
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diff --git a/doc/index.md b/doc/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bcca24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+# JSON for Modern C++
+
+These pages contain the API documentation of JSON for Modern C++, a C++11 header-only JSON class.
+
+# Contents
+
+- Classes
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json `basic_json`@endlink -- class template for JSON values
+  - @link nlohmann::json `json`@endlink -- the default specialization of `basic_json`, defined as `basic_json<>`
+- [Functions](functions_func.html)
+  - object inspection
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::dump dump @endlink -- value serialization
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::type type @endlink -- type of the value
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_primitive is_primitive @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_structured is_structured @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_null is_null @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_boolean is_boolean @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_number is_number @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_number_integer is_number_integer @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_number_unsigned is_number_unsigned @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_number_float is_number_float @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_object is_object @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_array is_array @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_string is_string @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_discarded is_discarded @endlink,
+      @link nlohmann::basic_json::is_binary is_binary @endlink -- check for value type
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator value_t() const operator value_t @endlink -- type of the value (implicit conversion)
+  - value access
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::get get @endlink -- get a value
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::get_ptr get_ptr @endlink -- get a value pointer
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::get_ref get_ref @endlink -- get a value reference
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::get_binary get_binary @endlink -- get a binary value
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator ValueType() const operator ValueType @endlink -- get a value (implicit conversion)
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::value value @endlink -- get a value from an object and return default value if key is not present
+  - exceptions
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::parse_error parse_error @endlink for exceptions indicating a parse error
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::invalid_iterator invalid_iterator @endlink for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error type_error @endlink for exceptions indicating executing a member function with a wrong type
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::out_of_range out_of_range @endlink for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::other_error other_error @endlink for exceptions indicating other library errors
+  - lexicographical comparison operators
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator== operator== @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator!= operator!= @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator< operator<= @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator<= operator< @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator> operator> @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator>= operator>= @endlink
+  - serialization
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::dump dump @endlink serialize to string
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json &) operator<< @endlink serialize to stream
+  - deserialization / parsing
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::parse parse @endlink parse from input (string, file, etc.) and return JSON value
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::sax_parse sax_parse @endlink parse from input (string, file, etc.) and generate SAX events
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&) operator>> @endlink parse from stream
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::accept accept @endlink check for syntax errors without parsing
+    - @link nlohmann::json_sax SAX interface @endlink define a user-defined SAX event consumer
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::parser_callback_t callback interface @endlink register a callback to the parse function
+  - [binary formats](binary_formats.md):
+    - CBOR: @link nlohmann::basic_json::from_cbor from_cbor @endlink / @link nlohmann::basic_json::to_cbor to_cbor @endlink
+    - MessagePack: @link nlohmann::basic_json::from_msgpack from_msgpack @endlink / @link nlohmann::basic_json::to_msgpack to_msgpack @endlink
+    - UBJSON: @link nlohmann::basic_json::from_ubjson from_ubjson @endlink / @link nlohmann::basic_json::to_ubjson to_ubjson @endlink
+    - BSON: @link nlohmann::basic_json::from_bson from_bson @endlink / @link nlohmann::basic_json::to_bson to_bson @endlink
+- Types
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::array_t arrays @endlink
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::object_t objects @endlink
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::string_t strings @endlink
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::boolean_t booleans @endlink
+  - numbers
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::number_integer_t signed integers @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::number_unsigned_t unsigned integers @endlink
+    - @link nlohmann::basic_json::number_float_t floating-point @endlink
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::binary_t binary values @endlink
+- further JSON standards
+  - @link nlohmann::json_pointer JSON Pointer @endlink (RFC 6901)
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::patch JSON Patch @endlink (RFC 6902)
+  - @link nlohmann::basic_json::merge_patch JSON Merge Patch @endlink (RFC 7396)
+
+# Container function overview
+
+The container functions known from STL have been extended to support the different value types from JSON. However, not all functions can be applied to all value types. Note that the signature of some functions differ between the types; for instance, `at` may be called with either a string to address a key in an object or with an integer to address a value in an array.
+
+Note that this table only lists those exceptions thrown due to the type. For instance, the @link nlohmann::basic_json::at(const typename object_t::key_type & key) `at` @endlink function will always throw a @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink exception when called for a string type. When called for an array, it *may* throw an @link nlohmann::basic_json::out_of_range `json::out_of_range` @endlink exception if the passed index is invalid.
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">group</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">function</th>
+    <th colspan="6">JSON value type</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>object</th>
+    <th>array</th>
+    <th>string</th>
+    <th>number</th>
+    <th>boolean</th>
+    <th>null</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="8">iterators</td>
+    <td>`begin`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::begin `begin` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`cbegin`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cbegin `cbegin` @endlink (returns `cend()`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`end`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::end `end` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`cend`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::cend `cend` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`rbegin`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rbegin `rbegin` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`crbegin`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crbegin `crbegin` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`rend`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::rend `rend` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`crend`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::crend `crend` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">element<br>access</td>
+    <td>`at`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::at(const typename object_t::key_type & key) `at` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::at(size_type) `at` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (304)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (304)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (304)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (304)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`operator[]`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::operator[](const typename object_t::key_type &key) `operator[]` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::operator[](size_type) `operator[]` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (305)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (305)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (305)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::operator[](const typename object_t::key_type & key) `operator[]` @endlink (creates object)<br>@link nlohmann::basic_json::operator[](size_type) `operator[]` @endlink (creates array)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`front`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::front `front` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::front `front` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::front `front` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::front `front` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::front `front` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::invalid_iterator `json::invalid_iterator` @endlink (214)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`back`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::back `back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::back `back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::back `back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::back `back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::back `back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::invalid_iterator `json::invalid_iterator` @endlink (214)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="3">capacity</td>
+    <td>`empty`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::empty `empty` @endlink (returns `true`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`size`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::size `size` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`max_size_`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink (returns `1`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::max_size `max_size` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="7">modifiers</td>
+    <td>`clear`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::clear `clear` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`insert`</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (309)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::insert `insert` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (309)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (309)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (309)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (309)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`erase`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::erase `erase` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::erase `erase` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::erase `erase` @endlink (converts to null)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::erase `erase` @endlink (converts to null)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::erase `erase` @endlink (converts to null)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (307)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`push_back`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::push_back(const typename object_t::value_type & val) `push_back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::push_back(const nlohmann::basic_json &) `push_back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (308)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (308)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (308)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::push_back(const typename object_t::value_type & val) `push_back` @endlink (creates object)<br>@link nlohmann::basic_json::push_back(const nlohmann::basic_json &) `push_back` @endlink (creates array)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`emplace` / `emplace_back`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::emplace() `emplace` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::emplace_back() `emplace_back` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (311)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (311)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (311)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::emplace() `emplace` @endlink (creates object)<br>@link nlohmann::basic_json::emplace_back() `emplace_back` @endlink (creates array)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`update`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::update() `update` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (312)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (312)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (312)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (312)</td>
+    <td class="nok_throws">throws @link nlohmann::basic_json::type_error `json::type_error` @endlink (312)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`swap`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::swap `swap` @endlink</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="3">lookup</td>
+    <td>`find`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::find `find` @endlink (returns `end()`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`count`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::count `count` @endlink (returns `0`)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>`contains`</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+    <td class="ok_green">@link nlohmann::basic_json::contains `contains` @endlink (returns `false`)</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+@copyright Copyright &copy; 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann. The code is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
+
+@author [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann/json to download the source code
+
+@version 3.10.0
diff --git a/doc/json.gif b/doc/json.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0ba3df
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/json.gif differ
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/Makefile b/doc/mkdocs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f3ccf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# serve the site locally
+serve: prepare_files
+	venv/bin/mkdocs serve
+
+build: prepare_files
+	venv/bin/mkdocs build
+
+# create files that are not versioned inside the mkdocs folder
+prepare_files: clean
+	# build Doxygen
+	$(MAKE) -C ..
+	# create subfolders
+	mkdir docs/images docs/examples
+	# copy images
+	cp -vr ../json.gif ../images/range-begin-end.svg ../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg ../images/callback_events.png ../images/json_syntax_number.png docs/images
+	# copy examples
+	cp -vr ../examples/*.cpp ../examples/*.output docs/examples
+
+# clean subfolders
+clean:
+	rm -fr docs/images docs/examples
+
+# publish site to GitHub pages
+publish: prepare_files
+	venv/bin/mkdocs gh-deploy --clean --force
+
+# install a Python virtual environment
+install_venv: requirements.txt
+	python3 -mvenv venv
+	venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# uninstall the virtual environment
+uninstall_venv: clean
+	rm -fr venv
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/adl_serializer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/adl_serializer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b79747
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/adl_serializer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# adl_serializer
+
+```cpp
+template<typename, typename>
+struct adl_serializer;
+```
+
+Serializer that uses ADL ([Argument-Dependent Lookup](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl)) to choose
+`to_json`/`from_json` functions from the types' namespaces.
+
+It is implemented similar to
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ValueType>
+struct adl_serializer {
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& value) {
+        // calls the "to_json" method in T's namespace
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+        // same thing, but with the "from_json" method
+    }
+};
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **from_json** - convert a JSON value to any value type
+- **to_json** - convert any value type to a JSON value
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/accept.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/accept.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b18c539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/accept.md
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# basic_json::accept
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static bool accept(InputType&& i,
+                   const bool ignore_comments = false);
+
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static bool accept(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                   const bool ignore_comments = false);
+```
+
+Checks whether the input is valid JSON.
+
+1. Reads from a compatible input.
+2. Reads from a pair of character iterators
+    
+    The value_type of the iterator must be a integral type with size of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted
+    respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+    
+Unlike the [`parse`](parse.md) function, this function neither throws an exception in case of invalid JSON input
+(i.e., a parse error) nor creates diagnostic information.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   Input to parse from.
+
+`ignore_comments` (in)
+:   whether comments should be ignored and treated like whitespace (`#!cpp true`) or yield a parse error
+    (`#!cpp false`); (optional, `#!cpp false` by default)
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of character range
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of character range
+
+## Return value
+
+Whether the input is valid JSON.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive LL(1) parser.
+
+## Notes
+
+(1) A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `accept()` function reading from a string.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/accept__string.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/accept__string.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.0.0.
+- Ignoring comments via `ignore_comments` added in version 3.9.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8911302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# basic_json::array
+
+```cpp
+static basic_json array(initializer_list_t init = {});
+```
+
+Creates a JSON array value from a given initializer list. That is, given a list of values `a, b, c`, creates the JSON
+value `#!json [a, b, c]`. If the initializer list is empty, the empty array `#!json []` is created.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`init` (in)
+:   initializer list with JSON values to create an array from (optional)
+
+## Return value
+
+JSON array value
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of `init`.
+
+## Notes
+
+This function is only needed to express two edge cases that cannot be realized with the initializer list constructor
+([`basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t)`](basic_json.md)). These cases are:
+
+1. creating an array whose elements are all pairs whose first element is a string -- in this case, the initializer list
+   constructor would create an object, taking the first elements as keys
+2. creating an empty array -- passing the empty initializer list to the initializer list constructor yields an empty
+   object
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for the `array` function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/array.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/array.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f84e645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/array_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# basic_json::array_t
+
+```cpp
+using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON arrays.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON arrays as follows:
+> An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
+
+To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters explained below.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ArrayType`
+:   container type to store arrays (e.g., `std::vector` or `std::list`)
+
+`AllocatorType`
+:   the allocator to use for objects (e.g., `std::allocator`)
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `ArrayType` (`std::vector`) and `AllocatorType` (`std::allocator`), the default value for
+`array_t` is:
+
+```cpp
+std::vector<
+  basic_json, // value_type
+  std::allocator<basic_json> // allocator_type
+>
+```
+
+#### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+In this class, the array's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained. However, a maximum depth of nesting may be
+introduced by the compiler or runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+[`max_size`](max_size.md) function of a JSON array.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Arrays are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to array values, a pointer of type
+`#!cpp array_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/at.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/at.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75977b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/at.md
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# basic_json::at
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+reference at(size_type idx);
+const_reference at(size_type idx) const;
+
+// (2)
+reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key);
+const_reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key) const;
+
+// (3)
+reference at(const json_pointer& ptr);
+const_reference at(const json_pointer& ptr) const;
+```
+
+1. Returns a reference to the element at specified location `idx`, with bounds checking.
+2. Returns a reference to the element at with specified key `key`, with bounds checking.
+3. Returns a reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer `ptr`, with bounds checking.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`idx` (in)
+:   index of the element to access
+
+`key` (in)
+:   object key of the elements to remove
+    
+`ptr` (in)
+:   JSON pointer to the desired element
+    
+## Return value
+
+1. reference to the element at index `idx`
+2. reference to the element at key `key`
+3. reference to the element pointed to by `ptr`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the JSON value is not an array;
+      in this case, calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if the index `idx` is out of
+      range of the array; that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
+2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the JSON value is not an object;
+      in this case, calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if the key `key` is is not
+      stored in the object; that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
+3. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`parse_error.106`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error106) if an array index in the passed
+      JSON pointer `ptr` begins with '0'. See example below.
+    - Throws [`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) if an array index in the passed
+      JSON pointer `ptr` is not a number. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if an array index in the passed
+      JSON pointer `ptr` is out of range. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.402`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range402) if the array index '-' is used
+      in the passed JSON pointer `ptr`. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are implicitly inserted), the
+      index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if the JSON pointer describes a
+      key of an object which cannot be found. See example below.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) if the JSON pointer `ptr` can
+      not be resolved. See example below.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Constant
+2. Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+3. Constant
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how array elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
+    exceptions that can be thrown.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how array elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
+    that can be thrown.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at__size_type_const.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
+    exceptions that can be thrown.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
+    that can be thrown.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read and written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different
+    exceptions that can be thrown.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions
+    that can be thrown.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/at_json_pointer_const.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Added in version 1.0.0.
+2. Added in version 1.0.0.
+3. Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/back.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/back.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1484153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/back.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# basic_json::back
+
+```cpp
+reference back();
+
+const_reference back() const;
+```
+
+Returns a reference to the last element in the container. For a JSON container `c`, the expression `c.back()` is
+equivalent to
+
+```cpp
+auto tmp = c.end();
+--tmp;
+return *tmp;
+```
+    
+## Return value
+
+In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the last element is returned. In case of number, string,
+boolean, or binary values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+If the JSON value is `#!json null`, exception
+[`invalid_iterator.214`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214) is thrown.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Note
+
+!!! danger
+
+    Calling `back` on an empty array or object is undefined behavior and is **guarded by an assertion**!
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `back()`.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/back.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/back.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Adjusted code to return reference to binary values in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/basic_json.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/basic_json.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ff6fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/basic_json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+# basic_json::basic_json
+
+```cpp
+// 1
+basic_json(const value_t v);
+
+// 2
+basic_json(std::nullptr_t = nullptr) noexcept;
+
+// 3
+template<typename CompatibleType>
+basic_json(CompatibleType&& val) noexcept(noexcept(
+           JSONSerializer<U>::to_json(std::declval<basic_json_t&>(),
+                                      std::forward<CompatibleType>(val))));
+
+// 4
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+basic_json(const BasicJsonType& val);
+
+// 5
+basic_json(initializer_list_t init,
+           bool type_deduction = true,
+           value_t manual_type = value_t::array);
+
+// 6
+basic_json(size_type cnt, const basic_json& val);
+
+// 7
+basic_json(iterator first, iterator last);
+basic_json(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+// 8
+basic_json(const basic_json& other);
+
+// 9
+basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
+```
+
+1. Create an empty JSON value with a given type. The value will be default initialized with an empty value which depends
+   on the type:
+   
+    Value type  | initial value
+    ----------- | -------------
+    null        | `#!json null`
+    boolean     | `#!json false`
+    string      | `#!json ""`
+    number      | `#!json 0`
+    object      | `#!json {}`
+    array       | `#!json []`
+    binary      | empty array
+
+2. Create a `#!json null` JSON value. It either takes a null pointer as parameter (explicitly creating `#!json null`)
+   or no parameter (implicitly creating `#!json null`). The passed null pointer itself is not read -- it is only used to
+   choose the right constructor.
+
+3. This is a "catch all" constructor for all compatible JSON types; that is, types for which a `to_json()` method
+   exists. The constructor forwards the parameter `val` to that method (to `json_serializer<U>::to_json` method with
+   `U = uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`, to be exact).
+   
+    Template type `CompatibleType` includes, but is not limited to, the following types:
+
+    - **arrays**: [`array_t`](array_t.md) and all kinds of compatible containers such as `std::vector`, `std::deque`,
+     `std::list`, `std::forward_list`, `std::array`, `std::valarray`, `std::set`, `std::unordered_set`, `std::multiset`,
+     and `std::unordered_multiset` with a `value_type` from which a `basic_json` value can be constructed.
+    - **objects**: [`object_t`](object_t.md) and all kinds of compatible associative containers such as `std::map`,
+     `std::unordered_map`, `std::multimap`, and `std::unordered_multimap` with a `key_type` compatible to `string_t`
+     and a `value_type` from which a `basic_json` value can be constructed.
+    - **strings**: `string_t`, string literals, and all compatible string containers can be used.
+    - **numbers**: [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md),
+     [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md), and all convertible number types such as `int`, `size_t`, `int64_t`, `float`
+     or `double` can be used.
+    - **boolean**: `boolean_t` / `bool` can be used.
+    - **binary**: `binary_t` / `std::vector<uint8_t>` may be used; unfortunately because string literals cannot be
+     distinguished from binary character arrays by the C++ type system, all types compatible with `const char*` will be
+     directed to the string constructor instead. This is both for backwards compatibility, and due to the fact that a
+     binary type is not a standard JSON type.
+    
+    See the examples below.
+
+4. This is a constructor for existing `basic_json` types. It does not hijack copy/move constructors, since the parameter
+   has different template arguments than the current ones.
+
+    The constructor tries to convert the internal `m_value` of the parameter.
+
+5. Creates a JSON value of type array or object from the passed initializer list `init`. In case `type_deduction` is
+   `#!cpp true` (default), the type of the JSON value to be created is deducted from the initializer list `init`
+   according to the following rules:
+   
+    1. If the list is empty, an empty JSON object value `{}` is created.
+    2. If the list consists of pairs whose first element is a string, a JSON object value is created where the first
+      elements of the pairs are treated as keys and the second elements are as values.
+    3. In all other cases, an array is created.
+    
+    The rules aim to create the best fit between a C++ initializer list and JSON values. The rationale is as follows:
+    
+    1. The empty initializer list is written as `#!cpp {}` which is exactly an empty JSON object.
+    2. C++ has no way of describing mapped types other than to list a list of pairs. As JSON requires that keys must be
+       of type string, rule 2 is the weakest constraint one can pose on initializer lists to interpret them as an
+       object.
+    3. In all other cases, the initializer list could not be interpreted as JSON object type, so interpreting it as JSON
+       array type is safe.
+    
+    With the rules described above, the following JSON values cannot be expressed by an initializer list:
+    
+    - the empty array (`#!json []`): use `array(initializer_list_t)` with an empty initializer list in this case
+    - arrays whose elements satisfy rule 2: use `array(initializer_list_t)` with the same initializer list in this case
+        
+6. Constructs a JSON array value by creating `cnt` copies of a passed value. In case `cnt` is `0`, an empty array is
+   created.
+
+7. Constructs the JSON value with the contents of the range `[first, last)`. The semantics depends on the different
+   types a JSON value can have:
+
+    - In case of a `#!json null` type, [invalid_iterator.206](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206)
+      is thrown.
+    - In case of other primitive types (number, boolean, or string), `first` must be `begin()` and `last` must be
+      `end()`. In this case, the value is copied. Otherwise,
+      [`invalid_iterator.204`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204) is thrown.
+    - In case of structured types (array, object), the constructor behaves as similar versions for `std::vector` or
+      `std::map`; that is, a JSON array or object is constructed from the values in the range.
+
+8. Creates a copy of a given JSON value.
+
+9. Move constructor. Constructs a JSON value with the contents of the given value `other` using move semantics. It
+   "steals" the resources from `other` and leaves it as JSON `#!json null` value.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`CompatibleType`
+:   a type such that:
+
+    - `CompatibleType` is not derived from `std::istream`,
+    - `CompatibleType` is not `basic_json` (to avoid hijacking copy/move constructors),
+    - `CompatibleType` is not a different `basic_json` type (i.e. with different template arguments)
+    - `CompatibleType` is not a `basic_json` nested type (e.g., `json_pointer`, `iterator`, etc.)
+    - `json_serializer<U>` (with `U = uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`) has a `to_json(basic_json_t&, CompatibleType&&)`
+       method
+
+`BasicJsonType`:
+:   a type such that:
+
+    - `BasicJsonType` is a `basic_json` type.
+    - `BasicJsonType` has different template arguments than `basic_json_t`.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`v` (in)
+:   the type of the value to create
+
+`val` (in)
+:   the value to be forwarded to the respective constructor
+
+`init` (in)
+:   initializer list with JSON values
+
+`type_deduction` (in)
+:   internal parameter; when set to `#!cpp true`, the type of the JSON value is deducted from the initializer list
+    `init`; when set to `#!cpp false`, the type provided via `manual_type` is forced. This mode is used by the functions
+    `array(initializer_list_t)` and `object(initializer_list_t)`.
+
+`manual_type` (in)
+:   internal parameter; when `type_deduction` is set to `#!cpp false`, the created JSON value will use the provided type
+    (only `value_t::array` and `value_t::object` are valid); when `type_deduction` is set to `#!cpp true`, this
+    parameter has no effect
+
+`cnt` (in)
+:   the number of JSON copies of `val` to create
+
+`first` (in)
+:   begin of the range to copy from (included)
+
+`last` (in)
+:   end of the range to copy from (excluded)
+
+`other` (in)
+:   the JSON value to copy/move
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. /
+2. The function does not throw exceptions.
+3. /
+4. /
+5. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.301`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error301) if `type_deduction` is
+      `#!cpp false`, `manual_type` is `value_t::object`, but `init` contains an element which is not a pair whose first
+      element is a string. In this case, the constructor could not create an object. If `type_deduction` would have been
+      `#!cpp true`, an array would have been created. See `object(initializer_list_t)` for an example.
+6. /
+7. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.201`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator201) if iterators `first`
+      and `last` are not compatible (i.e., do not belong to the same JSON value). In this case, the range
+      `[first, last)` is undefined.
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.204`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204) if iterators `first`
+      and `last` belong to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but `first` does not point to the first
+      element any more. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined. See example code below.
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.206`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206) if iterators `first`
+      and `last` belong to a `#!json null` value. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
+8. /
+9. The function does not throw exceptions.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+1. Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+2. No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws exceptions.
+3. Depends on the called constructor. For types directly supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no
+   `to_json()` function was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any
+   JSON value.
+4. Depends on the called constructor. For types directly supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no
+   `to_json()` function was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any
+   JSON value.
+5. Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+6. Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+7. Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+8. Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+9. No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Constant.
+2. Constant.
+3. Usually linear in the size of the passed `val`, also depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+   method.
+4. Usually linear in the size of the passed `val`, also depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+   method.
+5. Linear in the size of the initializer list `init`.
+6. Linear in `cnt`.
+7. Linear in distance between `first` and `last`.
+8. Linear in the size of `other`.
+9. Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+- Overload 5:
+
+    !!! note
+
+        When used without parentheses around an empty initializer list, `basic_json()` is called instead of this
+        function, yielding the JSON `#!json null` value.
+
+- Overload 7:
+
+    !!! info "Preconditions"
+
+        - Iterators `first` and `last` must be initialized. **This precondition is enforced with an assertion (see
+          warning).** If assertions are switched off, a violation of this precondition yields undefined behavior.
+        - Range `[first, last)` is valid. Usually, this precondition cannot be checked efficiently. Only certain edge
+          cases are detected; see the description of the exceptions above. A violation of this precondition yields
+          undefined behavior.
+    
+    !!! warning
+
+        A precondition is enforced with a runtime assertion that will result in calling `std::abort` if this
+        precondition is not met. Assertions can be disabled by defining `NDEBUG` at compile time. See
+        <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert> for more information.
+    
+- Overload 8:
+
+    !!! info "Postcondition"
+
+        `#!cpp *this == other`
+
+- Overload 9:
+
+    !!! info "Postconditions"
+
+        - `#!cpp `*this` has the same value as `other` before the call.
+        - `other` is a JSON `#!json null` value
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows the constructor for different `value_t` values.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows the constructor with and without a null pointer parameter.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__nullptr_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows the constructor with several compatible types.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__CompatibleType.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how JSON values are created from initializer lists.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__list_init_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__list_init_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows examples for creating arrays with several copies of a given value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__size_type_basic_json.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows several ways to create JSON values by specifying a subrange with iterators.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for the copy constructor.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__basic_json.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__basic_json.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The code below shows the move constructor explicitly called via `std::move`.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__moveconstructor.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Since version 1.0.0.
+2. Since version 1.0.0.
+3. Since version 2.1.0.
+4. Since version 3.2.0.
+5. Since version 1.0.0.
+6. Since version 1.0.0.
+7. Since version 1.0.0.
+8. Since version 1.0.0.
+9. Since version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/begin.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/begin.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25d93b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/begin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# basic_json::begin
+
+```cpp
+iterator begin() noexcept;
+const_iterator begin() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the first element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+iterator to the first element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `begin()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/begin.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/begin.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b1b9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# basic_json::binary
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init);
+static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init);
+
+// (2)
+static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init,
+                         std::uint8_t subtype);
+static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init,
+                         std::uint8_t subtype);
+```
+
+1. Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container.
+2. Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container with subtype.
+ 
+Binary values are part of various binary formats, such as CBOR, MessagePack, and BSON. This constructor is used to
+create a value for serialization to those formats.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`init` (in)
+:   container containing bytes to use as binary type
+
+`subtype` (in)
+:   subtype to use in CBOR, MessagePack, and BSON
+
+## Return value
+
+JSON binary array value
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of `init`; constant for `typename binary_t::container_type&& init` versions.
+
+## Notes
+
+Note, this function exists because of the difficulty in correctly specifying the correct template overload in the
+standard value ctor, as both JSON arrays and JSON binary arrays are backed with some form of a `std::vector`. Because
+JSON binary arrays are a non-standard extension it was decided that it would be best to prevent automatic initialization
+of a binary array type, for backwards compatibility and so it does not happen on accident.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7da1ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/binary_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# basic_json::binary_t
+
+```cpp
+using binary_t = byte_container_with_subtype<BinaryType>;
+```
+
+This type is a type designed to carry binary data that appears in various serialized formats, such as CBOR's Major Type
+2, MessagePack's bin, and BSON's generic binary subtype. This type is NOT a part of standard JSON and exists solely for
+compatibility with these binary types. As such, it is simply defined as an ordered sequence of zero or more byte values.
+
+Additionally, as an implementation detail, the subtype of the binary data is carried around as a `std::uint8_t`, which
+is compatible with both of the binary data formats that use binary subtyping, (though the specific numbering is
+incompatible with each other, and it is up to the user to translate between them).
+
+[CBOR's RFC 7049](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) describes this type as:
+> Major type 2: a byte string. The string's length in bytes is represented following the rules for positive integers
+> (major type 0).
+
+[MessagePack's documentation on the bin type
+family](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#bin-format-family) describes this type as:
+> Bin format family stores an byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.
+
+[BSON's specifications](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) describe several binary types; however, this type is intended to
+represent the generic binary type which has the description:
+> Generic binary subtype - This is the most commonly used binary subtype and should be the 'default' for drivers and
+> tools.
+
+None of these impose any limitations on the internal representation other than the basic unit of storage be some type of
+array whose parts are decomposable into bytes.
+
+The default representation of this binary format is a `#!cpp std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, which is a very common way to
+represent a byte array in modern C++.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`BinaryType`
+:   container type to store arrays
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+The default values for `BinaryType` is `#!cpp std::vector<std::uint8_t>`.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Binary Arrays are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to array values, a pointer of the
+type `#!cpp binary_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+#### Notes on subtypes
+
+- CBOR
+    - Binary values are represented as byte strings. Subtypes are written as tags.
+
+- MessagePack
+    - If a subtype is given and the binary array contains exactly 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 elements, the fixext family (fixext1,
+      fixext2, fixext4, fixext8) is used. For other sizes, the ext family (ext8, ext16, ext32) is used. The subtype is
+      then added as singed 8-bit integer.
+    - If no subtype is given, the bin family (bin8, bin16, bin32) is used.
+
+- BSON
+    - If a subtype is given, it is used and added as unsigned 8-bit integer.
+    - If no subtype is given, the generic binary subtype 0x00 is used.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.8.0. Changed type of subtype to `std::uint64_t` in version 3.10.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/boolean_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/boolean_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a611514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/boolean_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# basic_json::boolean_t
+
+```cpp
+using boolean_t = BooleanType;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON booleans.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) implicitly describes a boolean as a type which differentiates the two literals
+`#!json true` and `#!json false`.
+
+To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter  `BooleanType` which chooses the type to use.
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `BooleanType` (`#!cpp bool`), the default value for `boolean_t` is `#!cpp bool`.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Boolean values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbegin.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbegin.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..132934a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbegin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# basic_json::cbegin
+
+```cpp
+const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the first element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+iterator to the first element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `cbegin()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/cbegin.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/cbegin.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7073b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# basic_json::cbor_tag_handler_t
+
+```cpp
+enum class cbor_tag_handler_t
+{
+    error,
+    ignore,
+    store
+};
+```
+
+This enumeration is used in the [`from_cbor`](from_cbor.md) function to choose how to treat tags:
+
+error
+:   throw a `parse_error` exception in case of a tag
+
+ignore
+:   ignore tags
+
+store
+:   store tagged values as binary container with subtype (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb)
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.9.0. Added value `store` in 3.10.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cend.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cend.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5de7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# basic_json::cend
+
+```cpp
+const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+iterator one past the last element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `cend()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/cend.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/cend.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/clear.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/clear.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5119b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/clear.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::clear
+
+```cpp
+void clear() noexcept;
+```
+
+Clears the content of a JSON value and resets it to the default value as if [`basic_json(value_t)`](basic_json.md) would
+have been called with the current value type from [`type()`](type.md):
+
+Value type  | initial value
+----------- | -------------
+null        | `null`
+boolean     | `false`
+string      | `""`
+number      | `0`
+binary      | An empty byte vector
+object      | `{}`
+array       | `[]`
+
+Has the same effect as calling
+
+```.cpp
+*this = basic_json(type());
+```
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+## Notes
+
+All iterators, pointers and references related to this container are invalidated.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows the effect of `clear()` to different
+    JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/clear.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/clear.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Added support for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/contains.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/contains.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1616f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/contains.md
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# basic_json::contains
+
+```cpp
+template<typename KeyT>
+bool contains(KeyT && key) const;
+```
+
+Check whether an element exists in a JSON object with key equivalent to `key`. If the element is not found or the JSON
+value is not an object, `#!cpp false` is returned.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`KeyT`
+:   A type for an object key other than `basic_json::json_pointer`.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`key` (in)
+:   key value to check its existence.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if an element with specified `key` exists. If no such element with such key is found or the JSON value is
+not an object, `#!cpp false` is returned.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+## Notes
+
+This method always returns `#!cpp false` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `contains()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/contains.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/contains.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.6.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/count.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/count.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34f1605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/count.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# basic_json::count
+
+```cpp
+template<typename KeyT>
+size_type count(KeyT&& key) const;
+```
+
+Returns the number of elements with key `key`. If `ObjectType` is the default `std::map` type, the return value will
+always be `0` (`key` was not found) or `1` (`key` was found).
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`KeyT`
+:   A type for an object key.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`key` (in)
+:   key value of the element to count.
+    
+## Return value
+
+Number of elements with key `key`. If the JSON value is not an object, the return value will be `0`.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+## Notes
+
+This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `count()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/count.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/count.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crbegin.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crbegin.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1419662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crbegin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# basic_json::crbegin
+
+```cpp
+const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+reverse iterator to the first element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `crbegin()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/crbegin.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/crbegin.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crend.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crend.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f98af70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/crend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# basic_json::rend
+
+```cpp
+const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first element. This element acts as a placeholder,
+attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+reverse iterator to the element following the last element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `eend()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/crend.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/crend.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/diff.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/diff.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..736d5fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/diff.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::diff
+
+```cpp
+static basic_json diff(const basic_json& source,
+                       const basic_json& target);
+```
+
+Creates a [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) so that value `source` can be changed into the value `target` by calling
+[`patch`](patch.md) function.
+
+For two JSON values `source` and `target`, the following code yields always `#!cpp true`:
+```cpp
+source.patch(diff(source, target)) == target;
+```
+
+## Parameters
+
+`source` (in)
+:   JSON value to compare from
+
+`target` (in)
+:   JSON value to compare against
+
+## Return value
+
+a JSON patch to convert the `source` to `target`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the lengths of `source` and `target`.
+
+## Note
+
+Currently, only `remove`, `add`, and `replace` operations are generated.
+          
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON patch is created as a diff for two JSON values.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/diff.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/diff.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/dump.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/dump.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad06ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/dump.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# basic_json::dump
+
+```cpp
+string_t dump(const int indent = -1,
+              const char indent_char = ' ',
+              const bool ensure_ascii = false,
+              const error_handler_t error_handler = error_handler_t::strict) const;
+```
+
+Serialization function for JSON values. The function tries to mimic Python's `json.dumps()` function, and currently
+supports its `indent` and `ensure_ascii` parameters.
+    
+## Parameters
+
+`indent` (in)
+:   If `indent` is nonnegative, then array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An
+    indent level of `0` will only insert newlines. `-1` (the default) selects the most compact representation.
+
+`indent_char` (in)
+:   The character to use for indentation if `indent` is greater than `0`. The default is ` ` (space).
+
+`ensure_ascii` (in)
+:   If `ensure_ascii` is true, all non-ASCII characters in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the
+    result consists of ASCII characters only.
+
+`error_handler` (in)
+:   how to react on decoding errors; there are three possible values (see [`error_handler_t`](error_handler_t.md):
+    `strict` (throws and exception in case a decoding error occurs; default), `replace` (replace invalid UTF-8 sequences
+    with U+FFFD), and `ignore` (ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences during serialization; all bytes are copied to the output
+    unchanged).
+    
+## Return value
+
+string containing the serialization of the JSON value
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Notes
+
+Binary values are serialized as object containing two keys:
+
+- "bytes": an array of bytes as integers
+- "subtype": the subtype as integer or `#!json null` if the binary has no subtype
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following example shows the effect of different `indent`, `indent_char`, and `ensure_ascii` parameters to the
+    result of the serialization.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/dump.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/dump.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a9c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace.md
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# basic_json::emplace
+
+```cpp
+template<class... Args>
+std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&& ... args);
+```
+
+Inserts a new element into a JSON object constructed in-place with the given `args` if there is no element with the key
+in the container. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before appending the value
+created from `args`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`Args`
+:   compatible types to create a `basic_json` object
+
+## Parameters
+
+`args` (in)
+:   arguments to forward to a constructor of `basic_json`
+
+## Return value
+
+a pair consisting of an iterator to the inserted element, or the already-existing element if no insertion happened, and
+a `#!cpp bool` denoting whether the insertion took place.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Throws [`type_error.311`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error311) when called on a type other than JSON
+object or `#!json null`; example: `"cannot use emplace() with number"`
+
+## Complexity
+
+Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `emplace()` can be used to add elements to a JSON object. Note how the `#!json null` value was
+    silently converted to a JSON object. Further note how no value is added if there was already one value stored with
+    the same key.
+            
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/emplace.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/emplace.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 2.0.8.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace_back.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace_back.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a8af0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/emplace_back.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::emplace_back
+
+```cpp
+template<class... Args>
+reference emplace_back(Args&& ... args);
+```
+
+Creates a JSON value from the passed parameters `args` to the end of the JSON value. If the function is called on a JSON
+`#!json null` value, an empty array is created before appending the value created from `args`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`Args`
+:   compatible types to create a `basic_json` object
+
+## Parameters
+
+`args` (in)
+:   arguments to forward to a constructor of `basic_json`
+
+## Return value
+
+reference to the inserted element
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Throws [`type_error.311`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error311) when called on a type other than JSON
+array or `#!json null`; example: `"cannot use emplace_back() with number"`
+
+## Complexity
+
+Amortized constant.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `emplace_back()` can be used to add elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was
+    silently converted to a JSON array.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/emplace_back.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/emplace_back.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 2.0.8.
+- Returns reference since 3.7.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/empty.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/empty.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..151e073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/empty.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# basic_json::empty
+
+```cpp
+bool empty() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Checks if a JSON value has no elements (i.e. whether its [`size()`](size.md) is `0`).
+    
+## Return value
+
+The return value depends on the different types and is defined as follows:
+
+Value type  | return value
+----------- | -------------
+null        | `#!cpp true`
+boolean     | `#!cpp false`
+string      | `#!cpp false`
+number      | `#!cpp false`
+binary      | `#!cpp false`
+object      | result of function `object_t::empty()`
+array       | result of function `array_t::empty()`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant, as long as [`array_t`](array_t.md) and [`object_t`](object_t.md) satisfy the
+[Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container) concept; that is, their `empty()` functions have
+constant complexity.
+
+## Possible implementation
+
+```cpp
+bool empty() const noexcept
+{
+    return size() == 0;
+}
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+This function does not return whether a string stored as JSON value is empty -- it returns whether the JSON container
+itself is empty which is `#!cpp false` in the case of a string.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code uses `empty()` to check if a JSON object contains any elements.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/empty.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/empty.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to return `#!cpp false` for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/end.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/end.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52bfec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/end.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# basic_json::end
+
+```cpp
+iterator end() noexcept;
+const_iterator end() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+iterator one past the last element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `end()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/end.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/end.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/erase.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/erase.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d80f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/erase.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# basic_json::erase
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+iterator erase(iterator pos);
+const_iterator erase(const_iterator pos);
+
+// (2)
+iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
+const_iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+// (3)
+size_type erase(const typename object_t::key_type& key);
+
+// (4)
+void erase(const size_type idx);
+```
+
+1. Removes an element from a JSON value specified by iterator `pos`. The iterator `pos` must be valid and
+   dereferenceable. Thus the `end()` iterator (which is valid, but is not dereferenceable) cannot be used as a value for
+   `pos`.
+   
+    If called on a primitive type other than `#!json null`, the resulting JSON value will be `#!json null`.
+
+2. Remove an element range specified by `[first; last)` from a JSON value. The iterator `first` does not need to be
+   dereferenceable if `first == last`: erasing an empty range is a no-op.
+   
+    If called on a primitive type other than `#!json null`, the resulting JSON value will be `#!json null`.
+
+3. Removes an element from a JSON object by key.
+
+4. Removes an element from a JSON array by index.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`pos` (in)
+:   iterator to the element to remove
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to the beginning of the range to remove
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator past the end of the range to remove
+
+`key` (in)
+:   object key of the elements to remove
+    
+`idx` (in)
+:   array index of the element to remove
+    
+## Return value
+
+1. Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator `pos` refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator
+   is returned.
+2. Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator `last` refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator
+   is returned.
+3. Number of elements removed. If `ObjectType` is the default `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0`
+   (`key` was not found) or `1` (`key` was found).
+4. /
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.307`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error307) if called on a `null` value;
+      example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.205`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator205) if called on a
+      primitive type with invalid iterator (i.e., any iterator which is not `begin()`); example: `"iterator out of
+      range"`
+2. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.307`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error307) if called on a `null` value;
+      example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.203`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator203) if called on iterators
+      which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit current value"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.204`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204) if called on a
+      primitive type with invalid iterators (i.e., if `first != begin()` and `last != end()`); example: `"iterators out
+      of range"`
+3. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.307`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error307) when called on a type other than
+      JSON object; example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+4. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.307`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error307) when called on a type other than
+      JSON object; example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) when `idx >= size()`; example:
+      `"array index 17 is out of range"`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. The complexity depends on the type:
+       - objects: amortized constant
+       - arrays: linear in distance between `pos` and the end of the container
+       - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+       - other types: constant
+2. The complexity depends on the type:
+       - objects: `log(size()) + std::distance(first, last)`
+       - arrays: linear in the distance between `first` and `last`, plus linear
+         in the distance between `last` and end of the container
+       - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+       - other types: constant
+3. `log(size()) + count(key)`
+4. Linear in distance between `idx` and the end of the container.
+
+## Notes
+
+1. Invalidates iterators and references at or after the point of the
+   erase, including the `end()` iterator.
+2. /
+3. References and iterators to the erased elements are invalidated. Other references and iterators are not affected.
+4. /
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the effect of `erase()` for different JSON types using an iterator.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__IteratorType.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__IteratorType.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the effect of `erase()` for different JSON types using an iterator range.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__IteratorType_IteratorType.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the effect of `erase()` for different JSON types using an object key.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__key_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__key_type.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the effect of `erase()` using an array index.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__size_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/erase__size_type.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Added support for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..050dda1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# basic_json::error_handler_t
+
+```cpp
+enum class error_handler_t {
+    strict,
+    replace,
+    ignore
+};
+```
+
+This enumeration is used in the [`dump`](dump.md) function to choose how to treat decoding errors while serializing a
+`basic_json` value. Three values are differentiated:
+
+strict
+:   throw a `type_error` exception in case of invalid UTF-8
+
+replace
+:   replace invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD (� REPLACEMENT CHARACTER)
+
+ignore
+:   ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences; all bytes are copied to the output unchanged
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.4.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/exception.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/exception.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deedae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/exception.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# basic_json::exception
+
+```cpp
+class exception : public std::exception;
+```
+
+This class is an extension of [`std::exception`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception) objects with a
+member `id` for exception ids. It is used as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the `basic_json` class. This
+class can hence be used as "wildcard" to catch exceptions, see example below.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception #FFFF00 {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+```
+
+Subclasses:
+
+- [`parse_error`](parse_error.md) for exceptions indicating a parse error
+- [`invalid_iterator`](invalid_iterator.md) for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+- [`type_error`](type_error.md) for exceptions indicating executing a member function with a wrong type
+- [`out_of_range`](out_of_range.md) for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+- [`other_error`](other_error.md) for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how arbitrary library exceptions can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/exception.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/exception.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/find.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/find.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff4baf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/find.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::find
+
+```cpp
+template<typename KeyT>
+iterator find(KeyT&& key);
+
+template<typename KeyT>
+const_iterator find(KeyT&& key) const
+```
+
+Finds an element in a JSON object with key equivalent to `key`. If the element is not found or the JSON value is not an
+object, `end()` is returned.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`KeyT`
+:   A type for an object key.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`key` (in)
+:   key value of the element to search for.
+    
+## Return value
+
+Iterator to an element with key equivalent to `key`. If no such element is found or the JSON value is not an object,
+past-the-end (see `end()`) iterator is returned.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+## Notes
+
+This method always returns `end()` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `find()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/find__key_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/find__key_type.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/flatten.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/flatten.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1408f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/flatten.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# basic_json::flatten
+
+```cpp
+basic_json flatten() const;
+```
+
+The function creates a JSON object whose keys are JSON pointers (see [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901))
+and whose values are all primitive (see [`is_primitive()`](is_primitive.md) for more information). The original JSON
+value can be restored using the [`unflatten()`](unflatten.md) function.
+    
+## Return value
+
+an object that maps JSON pointers to primitive values
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+## Notes
+
+Empty objects and arrays are flattened to `#!json null` and will not be reconstructed correctly by the
+[`unflatten()`](unflatten.md) function.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON object is flattened to an object whose keys consist of JSON pointers.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/flatten.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/flatten.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_bson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_bson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df74f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_bson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# basic_json::from_bson
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static basic_json from_bson(InputType&& i,
+                            const bool strict = true,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static basic_json from_bson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                            const bool strict = true,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+```
+
+Deserializes a given input to a JSON value using the BSON (Binary JSON) serialization format.
+
+1. Reads from a compatible input.
+2. Reads from an iterator range.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   an input in BSON format convertible to an input adapter
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of the input
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of the input
+
+`strict` (in)
+:   whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF (`#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`allow_exceptions` (in)
+:   whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+## Return value
+
+deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be
+`value_t::discarded`.  The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the input.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in BSON format to a JSON value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_bson.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_bson.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.4.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_cbor.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_cbor.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec186fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_cbor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# basic_json::from_cbor
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static basic_json from_cbor(InputType&& i,
+                            const bool strict = true,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error);
+
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static basic_json from_cbor(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                            const bool strict = true,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error);
+```
+
+Deserializes a given input to a JSON value using the CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation) serialization format.
+
+1. Reads from a compatible input.
+2. Reads from an iterator range.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   an input in CBOR format convertible to an input adapter
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of the input
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of the input
+
+`strict` (in)
+:   whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF (`#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`allow_exceptions` (in)
+:   whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`tag_handler` (in)
+:   how to treat CBOR tags (optional, `error` by default); see [`cbor_tag_handler_t`](cbor_tag_handler_t.md) for more
+    information
+
+## Return value
+
+deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be
+`value_t::discarded`.  The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the input.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in CBOR format to a JSON value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_cbor.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_cbor.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.9.
+- Parameter `start_index` since version 2.1.1.
+- Changed to consume input adapters, removed `start_index` parameter, and added `strict` parameter in version 3.0.0.
+- Added `allow_exceptions` parameter in version 3.2.0.
+- Added `tag_handler` parameter in version 3.9.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f68524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# basic_json::from_msgpack
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static basic_json from_msgpack(InputType&& i,
+                               const bool strict = true,
+                               const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static basic_json from_msgpack(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                               const bool strict = true,
+                               const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+```
+
+Deserializes a given input to a JSON value using the MessagePack serialization format.
+
+1. Reads from a compatible input.
+2. Reads from an iterator range.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   an input in MessagePack format convertible to an input adapter
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of the input
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of the input
+
+`strict` (in)
+:   whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF (`#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`allow_exceptions` (in)
+:   whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+## Return value
+
+deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be
+`value_t::discarded`.  The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the input.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in MessagePack format to a JSON value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_msgpack.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_msgpack.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.9.
+- Parameter `start_index` since version 2.1.1.
+- Changed to consume input adapters, removed `start_index` parameter, and added `strict` parameter in version 3.0.0.
+- Added `allow_exceptions` parameter in version 3.2.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6213f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# basic_json::from_ubjson
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static basic_json from_ubjson(InputType&& i,
+                              const bool strict = true,
+                              const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static basic_json from_ubjson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                              const bool strict = true,
+                              const bool allow_exceptions = true);
+```
+
+Deserializes a given input to a JSON value using the UBJSON (Universal Binary JSON) serialization format.
+
+1. Reads from a compatible input.
+2. Reads from an iterator range.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   an input in UBJSON format convertible to an input adapter
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of the input
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of the input
+
+`strict` (in)
+:   whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF (`#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`allow_exceptions` (in)
+:   whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+## Return value
+
+deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be
+`value_t::discarded`. The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the input.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in UBJSON format to a JSON value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_ubjson.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_ubjson.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.1.0.
+- Added `allow_exceptions` parameter in version 3.2.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/front.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/front.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55010fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/front.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::front
+
+```cpp
+reference front();
+const_reference front() const;
+```
+
+Returns a reference to the first element in the container. For a JSON container `#!cpp c`, the expression
+`#!cpp c.front()` is equivalent to `#!cpp *c.begin()`.
+    
+## Return value
+
+In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the first element is returned. In case of number, string,
+boolean, or binary values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+If the JSON value is `#!json null`, exception
+[`invalid_iterator.214`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214) is thrown.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Note
+
+!!! danger
+
+    Calling `front` on an empty array or object is undefined behavior and is **guarded by an assertion**!
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `front()`.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/front.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/front.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Adjusted code to return reference to binary values in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cd6630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# basic_json::get
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename ValueType>
+ValueType get() const noexcept(
+    noexcept(JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(
+        std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), std::declval<ValueType&>())));
+
+// (2)
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+BasicJsonType get() const;
+
+// (3)
+template<typename PointerType>
+PointerType get_ptr();
+
+template<typename PointerType>
+constexpr const PointerType get_ptr() const noexcept;
+```
+
+1. Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value which is
+   [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible) and
+   [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). The value is converted by
+   calling the `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method.
+   
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    ```cpp
+    ValueType ret;
+    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
+    return ret;
+    ```
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    
+    - `ValueType` is not `basic_json`,
+    - `json_serializer<ValueType>` has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`, and
+    - `json_serializer<ValueType>` does not have a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    If the type is **not** [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible) and
+    **not** [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible), the value is
+    converted by calling the `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method.
+   
+    The function is then equivalent to executing
+    ```cpp
+    return JSONSerializer<ValueTypeCV>::from_json(*this);
+    ``` 
+   
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    
+    - `ValueType` is not `basic_json` and
+    - `json_serializer<ValueType>` has a `from_json()` method of the form
+     `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    If `json_serializer<ValueType>` has both overloads of `from_json()`, the latter one is chosen.
+
+2. Overload for `basic_json` specializations. The function is equivalent to executing
+    ```cpp
+    return *this;
+    ```
+
+3. Explicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are made.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ValueType`
+:   the value type to return
+
+`BasicJsonType`
+:   a specialization of `basic_json`
+
+`PointerType`
+:   pointer type; must be a pointer to [`array_t`](array_t.md), [`object_t`](object_t.md), [`string_t`](string_t.md),
+    [`boolean_t`](boolean_t.md), [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), or
+    [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md), [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md), or [`binary_t`](binary_t.md).
+    Other types will not compile.
+
+## Return value
+
+1. copy of the JSON value, converted to `ValueType`
+2. a copy of `#!cpp *this`, converted into `BasicJsonType`
+3. pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested pointer type fits to the JSON value; `#!cpp nullptr`
+   otherwise
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Depends on what `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method throws
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Writing data to the pointee (overload 3) of the result yields an undefined state.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string, json>`.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/get__ValueType_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/get__ValueType_const.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a JSON value can be requested. Note that no type
+    conversions are made and a `#cpp nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not match.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/get__PointerType.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/get__PointerType.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Since version 2.1.0.
+2. Since version 2.1.0. Extended to work with other specializations of `basic_json` in version 3.2.0.
+3. Since version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_allocator.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_allocator.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4133af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_allocator.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# basic_json::get_allocator
+
+```cpp
+static allocator_type get_allocator();
+```
+
+Returns the allocator associated with the container.
+    
+## Return value
+
+associated allocator
+
+## Version history
+
+- Unknown.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_binary.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_binary.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46d5b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_binary.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# basic_json::get_binary
+
+```cpp
+binary_t& get_binary();
+
+const binary_t& get_binary() const;
+```
+
+Returns a reference to the stored binary value.
+
+## Return value
+
+Reference to binary value.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if the value is not binary
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ptr.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ptr.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5cee30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ptr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::get_ptr
+
+```cpp
+template<typename PointerType>
+PointerType get_ptr();
+
+template<typename PointerType>
+constexpr const PointerType get_ptr() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Implicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are made.
+
+## Template arguments
+
+`PointerType`
+:   pointer type; must be a pointer to [`array_t`](array_t.md), [`object_t`](object_t.md), [`string_t`](string_t.md),
+    [`boolean_t`](boolean_t.md), [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), or
+    [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md), [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md), or [`binary_t`](binary_t.md).
+    Other types will not compile.
+
+## Return value
+
+pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested pointer type fits to the JSON value; `#!cpp nullptr`
+otherwise
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Writing data to the pointee of the result yields an undefined state.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a JSON value can be requested. Note that no type
+    conversions are made and a `#!cpp nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not match.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/get_ptr.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/get_ptr.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ref.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ref.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..102aff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_ref.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# basic_json::get_ref
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ReferenceType>
+ReferenceType get_ref();
+
+template<typename ReferenceType>
+const ReferenceType get_ref() const;
+```
+
+Implicit reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are made.
+
+## Template arguments
+
+`ReferenceType`
+:   reference type; must be a reference to [`array_t`](array_t.md), [`object_t`](object_t.md),
+    [`string_t`](string_t.md), [`boolean_t`](boolean_t.md), [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), or
+    [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md), [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md), or [`binary_t`](binary_t.md).
+    Enforced by static assertion.
+
+## Return value
+
+reference to the internally stored JSON value if the requested reference type fits to the JSON value; throws
+[`type_error.303`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error303) otherwise
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Throws [`type_error.303`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error303) if the requested reference type does not
+match the stored JSON value type; example: `"incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is binary"`.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Writing data to the referee of the result yields an undefined state.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows several calls to `get_ref()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/get_ref.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/get_ref.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.1.0.
+- Extended to binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_to.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_to.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a4395b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get_to.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::get_to
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ValueType>
+ValueType& get_to(ValueType& v) const noexcept(
+    noexcept(JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(
+        std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), v)))
+```
+
+Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value. The value is filled into the input parameter by
+calling the `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method.
+
+The function is equivalent to executing
+```cpp
+ValueType v;
+JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, v);
+```
+
+This overloads is chosen if:
+
+- `ValueType` is not `basic_json`,
+- `json_serializer<ValueType>` has a `from_json()` method of the form `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ValueType`
+:   the value type to return
+
+## Return value
+
+the input parameter, allowing chaining calls
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Depends on what `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method throws
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows several conversions from JSON values to other types. There a few things to note: (1)
+    Floating-point numbers can be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `#!cpp std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++ associative containers such as
+    `#cpp std::unordered_map<std::string, json>`.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/get_to.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/get_to.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.3.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8841e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+# basic_json
+
+Defined in header `<json.hpp>`
+
+```cpp
+template<
+    template<typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class ObjectType = std::map,
+    template<typename U, typename... Args> class ArrayType = std::vector,
+    class StringType = std::string,
+    class BooleanType = bool,
+    class NumberIntegerType = std::int64_t,
+    class NumberUnsignedType = std::uint64_t,
+    class NumberFloatType = double,
+    template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator,
+    template<typename T, typename SFINAE = void> class JSONSerializer = adl_serializer,
+    class BinaryType = std::vector<std::uint8_t>
+>
+class basic_json;
+```
+
+## Specializations
+
+- [**json**](../json.md) - default specialization
+- [**ordered_json**](../ordered_json.md) - specialization that maintains the insertion order of object keys
+
+## Template parameters
+
+| Template parameter   | Description | Derived type |
+| -------------------- | ----------- | ------------ |
+| `ObjectType`         | type for JSON objects | [`object_t`](object_t.md) |
+| `ArrayType`          | type for JSON arrays | [`array_t`](array_t.md) |
+| `StringType`         | type for JSON strings and object keys | [`string_t`](string_t.md) |
+| `BooleanType`        | type for JSON booleans | [`boolean_t`](boolean_t.md) |
+| `NumberIntegerType`  | type for JSON integer numbers | [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md) |
+| `NumberUnsignedType` | type for JSON unsigned integer numbers | [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) |
+| `NumberFloatType`    | type for JSON floating-point numbers | [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md) |
+| `AllocatorType`      | type of the allocator to use | |
+| `JSONSerializer`     | the serializer to resolve internal calls to `to_json()` and `from_json()` | [`json_serializer`](json_serializer.md) |
+| `BinaryType`         | type for binary arrays | [`binary_t`](binary_t.md) |
+
+## Iterator invalidation
+
+Todo
+
+## Member types
+
+- [**adl_serializer**](../adl_serializer.md) - the default serializer
+- [**value_t**](value_t.md) - the JSON type enumeration
+- [**json_pointer**](../json_pointer.md) - JSON Pointer implementation
+- [**json_serializer**](json_serializer.md) - type of the serializer to for conversions from/to JSON
+- [**error_handler_t**](error_handler_t.md) - type to choose behavior on decoding errors
+- [**cbor_tag_handler_t**](cbor_tag_handler_t.md) - type to choose how to handle CBOR tags
+- initializer_list_t
+- [**input_format_t**](input_format_t.md) - type to choose the format to parse
+- json_sax_t
+
+### Exceptions
+
+- [**exception**](exception.md) - general exception of the `basic_json` class
+    - [**parse_error**](parse_error.md) - exception indicating a parse error
+    - [**invalid_iterator**](invalid_iterator.md) - exception indicating errors with iterators
+    - [**type_error**](type_error.md) - exception indicating executing a member function with a wrong type
+    - [**out_of_range**](out_of_range.md) - exception indicating access out of the defined range
+    - [**other_error**](other_error.md) - exception indicating other library errors
+
+### Container types
+
+| Type                     | Definition |
+| ------------------------ | ---------- |
+| `value_type`             | `#!cpp basic_json` |
+| `reference`              | `#!cpp value_type&` |
+| `const_reference`        | `#!cpp const value_type&` |
+| `difference_type`        | `#!cpp std::ptrdiff_t` |
+| `size_type`              | `#!cpp std::size_t` |
+| `allocator_type`         | `#!cpp AllocatorType<basic_json>` |
+| `pointer`                | `#!cpp std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::pointer` |
+| `const_pointer`          | `#!cpp std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::const_pointer` |
+| `iterator`               | [LegacyBidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator) |
+| `const_iterator`         | constant [LegacyBidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator) |
+| `reverse_iterator`       | reverse iterator, derived from `iterator` |
+| `const_reverse_iterator` | reverse iterator, derived from `const_iterator` |
+| `iteration_proxy`        | helper type for [`items`](items.md) function |
+
+### JSON value data types
+
+- [**array_t**](array_t.md) - type for arrays
+- [**binary_t**](binary_t.md) - type for binary arrays
+- [**boolean_t**](boolean_t.md) - type for booleans
+- [**number_float_t**](number_float_t.md) - type for numbers (floating-point)
+- [**number_integer_t**](number_integer_t.md) - type for numbers (integer)
+- [**number_unsigned_t**](number_unsigned_t.md) - type for numbers (unsigned)
+- [**object_comparator_t**](object_comparator_t.md) - comparator for objects
+- [**object_t**](object_t.md) - type for objects
+- [**string_t**](string_t.md) - type for strings
+
+### Parser callback
+
+- [**parse_event_t**](parse_event_t.md) - parser event types
+- [**parser_callback_t**](parser_callback_t.md) - per-element parser callback type
+
+## Member functions
+
+- [(constructor)](basic_json.md)
+- [(destructor)](~basic_json.md)
+- [**operator=**](operator=.md) - copy assignment
+- [**array**](array_t.md) (static) - explicitly create an array
+- [**binary**](binary.md) (static) - explicitly create a binary array
+- [**object**](object_t.md) (static) - explicitly create an object
+
+### Object inspection
+
+Functions to inspect the type of a JSON value.
+
+- [**type**](type.md) - return the type of the JSON value
+- [**operator value_t**](operator_value_t.md) - return the type of the JSON value
+- [**type_name**](type_name.md) - return the type as string
+- [**is_primitive**](is_primitive.md) - return whether type is primitive
+- [**is_structured**](is_structured.md) - return whether type is structured
+- [**is_null**](is_null.md) - return whether value is null
+- [**is_boolean**](is_boolean.md) - return whether value is a boolean
+- [**is_number**](is_number.md) - return whether value is a number
+- [**is_number_integer**](is_number_integer.md) - return whether value is an integer number
+- [**is_number_unsigned**](is_number_unsigned.md) - return whether value is an unsigned integer number
+- [**is_number_float**](is_number_float.md) - return whether value is a floating-point number
+- [**is_object**](is_object.md) - return whether value is an object
+- [**is_array**](is_array.md) - return whether value is an array
+- [**is_string**](is_string.md) - return whether value is a string
+- [**is_binary**](is_binary.md) - return whether value is a binary array
+- [**is_discarded**](is_discarded.md) - return whether value is discarded
+
+### Value access
+
+Direct access to the stored value of a JSON value.
+
+- [**get**](get.md) - get a value
+- [**get_to**](get_to.md) - get a value and write it to a destination
+- [**get_ptr**](get_ptr.md) - get a pointer value
+- [**get_ref**](get_ref.md) - get a reference value
+- [**operator ValueType**](operator_ValueType.md) - get a value
+- [**get_binary**](get_binary.md) - get a binary value
+
+### Element access
+
+Access to the JSON value
+
+- [**at**](at.md) - access specified element with bounds checking
+- [**operator[]**](operator[].md) - access specified element
+- [**value**](value.md) - access specified object element with default value
+- [**front**](front.md) - access the first element
+- [**back**](back.md) - access the last element
+
+### Lookup
+
+- [**find**](find.md) - find an element in a JSON object
+- [**count**](count.md) - returns the number of occurrences of a key in a JSON object
+- [**contains**](contains.md) - check the existence of an element in a JSON object
+
+### Iterators
+
+- [**begin**](begin.md) - returns an iterator to the first element
+- [**cbegin**](cbegin.md) - returns a const iterator to the first element
+- [**end**](end.md) - returns an iterator to one past the last element
+- [**cend**](cend.md) - returns a const iterator to one past the last element
+- [**rbegin**](rbegin.md) - returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning
+- [**rend**](rend.md) - returns an iterator to the reverse-end
+- [**crbegin**](crbegin.md) - returns a const iterator to the reverse-beginning
+- [**crend**](crend.md) - returns a const iterator to the reverse-end
+- [**items**](items.md) - wrapper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
+
+### Capacity
+
+- [**empty**](empty.md) - checks whether the container is empty
+- [**size**](size.md) - returns the number of elements
+- [**max_size**](max_size.md) - returns the maximum possible number of elements
+
+### Modifiers
+
+- [**clear**](clear.md) - clears the contents
+- [**push_back**](push_back.md) - add a value to an array/object
+- [**operator+=**](operator+=.md) - add a value to an array/object
+- [**emplace_back**](emplace_back.md) - add a value to an array
+- [**emplace**](emplace.md) - add a value to an object if key does not exist
+- [**erase**](erase.md) - remove elements
+- [**insert**](insert.md) - inserts elements
+- [**update**](update.md) - updates a JSON object from another object, overwriting existing keys 
+- swap - exchanges the values
+
+### Lexicographical comparison operators
+
+- [**operator==**](operator_eq.md) - comparison: equal
+- [**operator!=**](operator_ne.md) - comparison: not equal
+- [**operator<**](operator_lt.md) - comparison: less than
+- [**operator<=**](operator_le.md) - comparison: less than or equal
+- [**operator>**](operator_gt.md) - comparison: greater than
+- [**operator>=**](operator_ge.md) - comparison: greater than or equal
+
+### Serialization / Dumping
+
+- [**dump**](dump.md) - serialization
+- to_string - user-defined to_string function for JSON values
+
+### Deserialization / Parsing
+
+- [**parse**](parse.md) (static) - deserialize from a compatible input
+- [**accept**](accept.md) (static) - check if the input is valid JSON
+- [**sax_parse**](sax_parse.md) (static) - generate SAX events
+
+### JSON Pointer functions
+
+- [**flatten**](flatten.md) - return flattened JSON value
+- [**unflatten**](unflatten.md) - unflatten a previously flattened JSON value
+
+### JSON Patch functions
+
+- [**patch**](patch.md) - applies a JSON patch
+- [**diff**](diff.md) (static) - creates a diff as a JSON patch
+
+### JSON Merge Patch functions
+
+- [**merge_patch**](merge_patch.md) - applies a JSON Merge Patch
+
+## Static functions
+
+- [**meta**](meta.md) - returns version information on the library
+- [**get_allocator**](get_allocator.md) - returns the allocator associated with the container
+
+### Binary formats
+
+- [**from_bson**](from_bson.md) (static) - create a JSON value from an input in BSON format
+- [**from_cbor**](from_cbor.md) (static) - create a JSON value from an input in CBOR format
+- [**from_msgpack**](from_msgpack.md) (static) - create a JSON value from an input in MessagePack format
+- [**from_ubjson**](from_ubjson.md) (static) - create a JSON value from an input in UBJSON format
+- [**to_bson**](to_bson.md) (static) - create a BSON serialization of a given JSON value
+- [**to_cbor**](to_cbor.md) (static) - create a CBOR serialization of a given JSON value
+- [**to_msgpack**](to_msgpack.md) (static) - create a MessagePack serialization of a given JSON value
+- [**to_ubjson**](to_ubjson.md) (static) - create a UBJSON serialization of a given JSON value
+
+## Non-member functions
+
+- operator<<(std::ostream&) - serialize to stream
+- operator>>(std::istream&) - deserialize from stream
+
+## Literals
+
+- [**operator""_json**](operator_literal_json.md) - user-defined string literal for JSON values
+- [**operator""_json_pointer**](operator_literal_json_pointer.md) - user-defined string literal for JSON pointers
+
+## Helper classes
+
+- std::hash<nlohmann::json\>
+- std::less<nlohmann::value_t\>
+- std::swap<nlohmann::json\>
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/input_format_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/input_format_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..783085d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/input_format_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# basic_json::input_format_t
+
+```cpp
+enum class input_format_t {
+    json,
+    cbor,
+    msgpack,
+    ubjson,
+    bson
+};
+```
+
+This enumeration is used in the [`sax_parse`](sax_parse.md) function to choose the input format to parse:
+
+json
+:   JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
+
+cbor
+:   CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation)
+
+msgpack
+:   MessagePack
+
+ubjson
+:   UBJSON (Universal Binary JSON)
+
+bson
+:   BSON (Bin­ary JSON)
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.2.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/insert.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/insert.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbd4668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/insert.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# basic_json::insert
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val);
+iterator insert(const_iterator pos, basic_json&& val);
+
+// (2)
+iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val);
+
+// (3)
+iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+// (4)
+iterator insert(const_iterator pos, initializer_list_t ilist);
+
+// (5)
+void insert(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+```
+
+1. Inserts element `val` to array before iterator `pos`.
+2. Inserts `cnt` copies of `val` to array before iterator `pos`.
+3. Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` to array before iterator `pos`.
+4. Inserts elements from initializer list `ilist` to array before iterator `pos`.
+5. Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` to object.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`pos` (in)
+:   iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be the `end()` iterator
+
+`val` (in)
+:   value to insert
+
+`cnt` (in)
+:   number of copies of `val` to insert
+
+`first` (in)
+:   begin of the range of elements to insert
+
+`last` (in)
+:   end of the range of elements to insert
+
+`ilist` (in)
+:   initializer list to insert the values from
+    
+## Return value
+
+1. iterator pointing to the inserted `val`.
+2. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `#!cpp cnt==0`
+3. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `#!cpp first==last`
+4. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `ilist` is empty
+5. /
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
+      arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+2. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
+      arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+3. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
+      arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.210`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210) if `first` and `last`
+      do not belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.211`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211) if `first` or `last`
+      are iterators into container for which insert is called; example: `"passed iterators may not belong to container"`
+4. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
+      arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+5. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
+      objects; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.210`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210) if `first` and `last`
+      do not belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Constant plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
+2. Linear in `cnt` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
+3. Linear in `#!cpp std::distance(first, last)` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
+4. Linear in `ilist.size()` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
+5. Logarithmic: `O(N*log(size() + N))`, where `N` is the number of elements to insert.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `insert()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/insert.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/insert.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `insert()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__count.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__count.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `insert()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__range.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__range.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `insert()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__ilist.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__ilist.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `insert()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__range_object.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/insert__range_object.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Added in version 1.0.0.
+2. Added in version 1.0.0.
+3. Added in version 1.0.0.
+4. Added in version 1.0.0.
+5. Added in version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/invalid_iterator.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/invalid_iterator.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11b27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/invalid_iterator.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::invalid_iterator
+
+```cpp
+class invalid_iterator : public exception;
+```
+
+This exception is thrown if iterators passed to a library function do not match the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 2xx.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+
+class basic_json::invalid_iterator #FFFF00 {}
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `invalid_iterator` exception can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_array.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_array.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a303795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_array.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_array
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_array() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is an array.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is an array, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_array()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_array.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_array.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_binary.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_binary.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2285bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_binary.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_binary
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_binary() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is binary array.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is binary, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_binary()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_binary.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_binary.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_boolean.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_boolean.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32bb8c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_boolean.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_boolean
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_boolean() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is `#!json true` or `#!json false`.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is boolean, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_boolean()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_boolean.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_boolean.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_discarded.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_discarded.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b733f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_discarded.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# basic_json::is_discarded
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_discarded() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` for a JSON value if either:
+
+- the value was discarded during parsing with a callback function (see [`parser_callback_t`](parser_callback_t.md)), or
+- the value is the result of parsing invalid JSON with parameter `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`; see
+  [`parse`](parse.md) for more information.
+
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is discarded, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! note
+
+    Discarded values are never compared equal with [`operator==`](operator_eq.md). That is, checking whether a JSON
+    value `j` is discarded will only work via:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    j.is_discarded()
+    ```
+    
+    because
+    
+    ```cpp
+    j == json::value_t::discarded
+    ```
+    
+    will always be `#!cpp false`.
+
+!!! note
+
+    When a value is discarded by a callback function (see [`parser_callback_t`](parser_callback_t.md)) during parsing,
+    then it is removed when it is part of a structured value. For instance, if the second value of an array is discared,
+    instead of `#!json [null, discarded, false]`, the array `#!json [null, false]` is returned. Only if the top-level
+    value is discarded, the return value of the `parse` call is discarded.
+
+This function will always be `#!cpp false` for JSON values after parsing. That is, discarded values can only occur
+during parsing, but will be removed when inside a structured value or replaced by null in other cases.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_discarded()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_discarded.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_discarded.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_null.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_null.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8072642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_null.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_null
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_null() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is `#!json null`.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is `#!json null`, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_null()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_null.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_null.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bcb131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# basic_json::is_number
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_number() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is a number. This includes both integer (signed and
+unsigned) and floating-point values.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is number (regardless whether integer, unsigned integer or floating-type), `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Possible implementation
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_number() const noexcept
+{
+    return is_number_integer() || is_number_float();
+}
+```
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_number()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to also return `#!cpp true` for unsigned integers in 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_float.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_float.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d709bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_float.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# basic_json::is_number_float
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_number_float() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is a floating-point number. This excludes signed and
+unsigned integer values.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is a floating-point number, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_number_float()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_float.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_float.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c308c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# basic_json::is_number_integer
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_number_integer() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is a signed or unsigned integer number. This excludes
+floating-point values.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is an integer or unsigned integer number, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_number_integer()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_integer.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_integer.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to also return `#!cpp true` for unsigned integers in 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56493ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# basic_json::is_number_unsigned
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_number_unsigned() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is an unsigned integer number. This excludes
+floating-point and signed integer values.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is an unsigned integer number, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_number_unsigned()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_unsigned.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_number_unsigned.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_object.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_object.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a1563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_object.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_object
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_object() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is an object.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is an object, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_object()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_object.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_object.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_primitive.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_primitive.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37be35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_primitive.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::is_primitive
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_primitive() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON type is primitive (string, number, boolean, `#!json null`,
+binary).
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is primitive (string, number, boolean, `#!json null`, or binary), `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Possible implementation
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_primitive() const noexcept
+{
+    return is_null() || is_string() || is_boolean() || is_number() || is_binary();
+}
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+The term *primitive* stems from [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259):
+
+> JSON can represent four primitive types (strings, numbers, booleans, and null) and two structured types (objects and
+> arrays).
+
+This library extends primitive types to binary types, because binary types are  roughly comparable to strings. Hence,
+`is_primitive()` returns `#!cpp true` for binary values.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_primitive()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_primitive.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_primitive.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to return `#!cpp true` for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_string.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_string.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af725fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_string.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# basic_json::is_string
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_string() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON value is a string.
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is a string, `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_string()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_string.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_string.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_structured.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_structured.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3975798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/is_structured.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# basic_json::is_structured
+
+```cpp
+constexpr bool is_structured() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function returns `#!cpp true` if and only if the JSON type is structured (array or object).
+    
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp true` if type is structured (array or object), `#!cpp false` otherwise.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+The term *structured* stems from [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259):
+
+> JSON can represent four primitive types (strings, numbers, booleans, and null) and two structured types (objects and
+> arrays).
+
+Note that though strings are containers in C++, they are treated as primitive values in JSON.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `is_structured()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/is_structured.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/is_structured.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/items.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/items.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c7113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/items.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# basic_json::items
+
+```cpp
+iteration_proxy<iterator> items() noexcept;
+iteration_proxy<const_iterator> items() const noexcept;
+```
+
+This function allows to access `iterator::key()` and `iterator::value()` during range-based for loops. In these loops, a
+reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the underlying iterator.
+
+For loop without `items()` function:
+
+```cpp
+for (auto it = j_object.begin(); it != j_object.end(); ++it)
+{
+    std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+Range-based for loop without `items()` function:
+
+```cpp
+for (auto it : j_object)
+{
+    // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+    std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+Range-based for loop with `items()` function:
+
+```cpp
+for (auto& el : j_object.items())
+{
+    std::cout << "key: " << el.key() << ", value:" << el.value() << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+The `items()` function also allows to use
+[structured bindings](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/structured_binding) (C++17):
+
+```cpp
+for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
+{
+    std::cout << "key: " << key << ", value:" << val << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+## Return value
+
+iteration proxy object wrapping the current value with an interface to use in range-based for loops
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Notes
+
+When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the element as string (see example). For primitive types
+(e.g., numbers), `key()` returns an empty string.
+
+!!! warning
+
+    Using `items()` on temporary objects is dangerous. Make sure the object's lifetime exeeds the iteration. See
+    <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2040> for more information.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `items()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/items.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/items.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.0.0.
+- Added structured binding support in version 3.5.0.
+
+!!! note
+
+    This function replaces the static function `iterator_wrapper` which was introduced in version 1.0.0, but has been
+    deprecated in version 3.1.0. Function `iterator_wrapper` will be removed in version 4.0.0. Please replace all
+    occurrences of `#!cpp iterator_wrapper(j)` with `#!cpp j.items()`.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/json_serializer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/json_serializer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89379ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/json_serializer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# basic_json::json_serializer
+
+```cpp
+template<typename T, typename SFINAE>
+using json_serializer = JSONSerializer<T, SFINAE>;
+```
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`T`
+:   type to convert; will be used in the `to_json`/`from_json` functions
+
+`SFINAE`
+:   type to add compile type checks via SFINAE; usually `#!cpp void`
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+The default values for `json_serializer` is [`adl_serializer`](../adl_serializer.md).
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/max_size.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/max_size.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21fffa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/max_size.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::max_size
+
+```cpp
+size_type max_size() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns the maximum number of elements a JSON value is able to hold due to system or library implementation limitations,
+i.e. `std::distance(begin(), end())` for the JSON value.
+    
+## Return value
+
+The return value depends on the different types and is defined as follows:
+
+Value type  | return value
+----------- | -------------
+null        | `0` (same as [`size()`](size.md))
+boolean     | `1` (same as [`size()`](size.md))
+string      | `1` (same as [`size()`](size.md))
+number      | `1` (same as [`size()`](size.md))
+binary      | `1` (same as [`size()`](size.md))
+object      | result of function `object_t::max_size()`
+array       | result of function `array_t::max_size()`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant, as long as [`array_t`](array_t.md) and [`object_t`](object_t.md) satisfy the
+[Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container) concept; that is, their `max_size()` functions have
+constant complexity.
+
+## Notes
+
+This function does not return the maximal length of a string stored as JSON value -- it returns the maximal number of
+string elements the JSON value can store which is `1`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code calls `max_size()` on the different value types. Note the output is implementation specific.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/max_size.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/max_size.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to return `1` for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/merge_patch.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/merge_patch.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e865e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/merge_patch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::merge_patch
+
+```cpp
+void merge_patch(const basic_json& apply_patch);
+```
+
+The merge patch format is primarily intended for use with the HTTP PATCH method as a means of describing a set of
+modifications to a target resource's content. This function applies a merge patch to the current JSON value.
+
+The function implements the following algorithm from Section 2 of
+[RFC 7396 (JSON Merge Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7396):
+
+```python
+define MergePatch(Target, Patch):
+  if Patch is an Object:
+    if Target is not an Object:
+      Target = {} // Ignore the contents and set it to an empty Object
+    for each Name/Value pair in Patch:
+      if Value is null:
+        if Name exists in Target:
+          remove the Name/Value pair from Target
+      else:
+        Target[Name] = MergePatch(Target[Name], Value)
+    return Target
+  else:
+    return Patch
+```
+
+Thereby, `Target` is the current object; that is, the patch is applied to the current value.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`apply_patch` (in)
+:   the patch to apply
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the lengths of `apply_patch`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON Merge Patch is applied to a JSON document.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/merge_patch.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/merge_patch.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/meta.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/meta.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..807c2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/meta.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# basic_json::meta
+
+```cpp
+static basic_json meta();
+```
+
+This function returns a JSON object with information about the library, including the version number and information on
+the platform and compiler.
+    
+## Return value
+
+JSON object holding version information
+
+key         | description
+----------- | ---------------
+`compiler`  | Information on the used compiler. It is an object with the following keys: `c++` (the used C++ standard), `family` (the compiler family; possible values are `clang`, `icc`, `gcc`, `ilecpp`, `msvc`, `pgcpp`, `sunpro`, and `unknown`), and `version` (the compiler version).
+`copyright` | The copyright line for the library as string.
+`name`      | The name of the library as string.
+`platform`  | The used platform as string. Possible values are `win32`, `linux`, `apple`, `unix`, and `unknown`.
+`url`       | The URL of the project as string.
+`version`   | The version of the library. It is an object with the following keys: `major`, `minor`, and `patch` as defined by [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org), and `string` (the version string).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to any JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+The following code shows an example output of the `meta()`
+function.
+
+```cpp
+--8<-- "examples/meta.cpp"
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```json
+--8<-- "examples/meta.output"
+```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.1.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_float_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_float_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d0182b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_float_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::number_float_t
+
+```cpp
+using number_float_t = NumberFloatType;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON numbers (floating-point).
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming languages. A number is represented in base
+> 10 using decimal digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may
+> be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+> cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
+
+This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is
+known whether the number is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, three different
+types, [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) and `number_float_t` are
+used.
+
+To store floating-point numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter `NumberFloatType` which chooses the
+type to use.
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `NumberFloatType` (`double`), the default value for `number_float_t` is `#!cpp double`.
+
+#### Default behavior
+
+- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead, leading zeros in floating-point literals will be
+  ignored. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++ floating-point literal `01.2`
+  will be serialized to `1.2`. During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+#### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+> This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range and precision of numbers accepted. Since software
+> that implements IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers is generally available and widely used, good
+> interoperability can be achieved by implementations that expect no more precision or range than these provide, in the
+> sense that implementations will approximate JSON numbers within the expected precision.
+
+This implementation does exactly follow this approach, as it uses double precision floating-point numbers. Note values
+smaller than `-1.79769313486232e+308` and values greater than `1.79769313486232e+308` will be stored as NaN internally
+and be serialized to `null`.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Floating-point number values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_integer_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_integer_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..616b0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_integer_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::number_integer_t
+
+```cpp
+using number_integer_t = NumberIntegerType;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON numbers (integers).
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming languages. A number is represented in base
+> 10 using decimal digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may
+> be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+> cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
+
+This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is
+known whether the number is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, three different
+types, `number_integer_t`,  [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) and [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md) are
+used.
+
+To store integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter `NumberIntegerType` which chooses the type
+to use.
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `NumberIntegerType` (`std::int64_t`), the default value for `number_integer_t` is
+`#!cpp std::int64_t`.
+
+#### Default behavior
+
+- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead, leading zeros in integer literals lead to an
+  interpretation as octal number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++ integer
+  literal `010` will be serialized to `8`. During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+#### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+> An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be stored is `9223372036854775807` (INT64_MAX) and
+the minimal integer number that can be stored is `-9223372036854775808` (INT64_MIN). Integer numbers that are out of
+range will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers
+will be automatically be stored as [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) or [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md).
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+> Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are
+> interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+As this range is a subrange of the exactly supported range [INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX], this class's integer type is
+interoperable.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Integer number values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f0e31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::number_unsigned_t
+
+```cpp
+using number_unsigned_t = NumberUnsignedType;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON numbers (unsigned).
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming languages. A number is represented in base
+> 10 using decimal digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may
+> be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+> cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
+
+This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is
+known whether the number is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, three different
+types, [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md), `number_unsigned_t` and [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md) are
+used.
+
+To store unsigned integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter `NumberUnsignedType` which chooses
+the type to use.
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `NumberUnsignedType` (`std::uint64_t`), the default value for `number_unsigned_t` is
+`#!cpp std::uint64_t`.
+
+#### Default behavior
+
+- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead, leading zeros in integer literals lead to an
+  interpretation as octal number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++ integer 
+  literal `010` will be serialized to `8`. During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+#### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+> An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be stored is `18446744073709551615` (UINT64_MAX) and
+the minimal integer number that can be stored is `0`. Integer numbers that are out of range will yield over/underflow
+when used in a constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be automatically be stored
+as [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md) or [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md).
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+> Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are
+> interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+As this range is a subrange (when considered in conjunction with the `number_integer_t` type) of the exactly supported
+range [0, UINT64_MAX], this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Integer number values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aae6fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::object
+
+```cpp
+static basic_json object(initializer_list_t init = {});
+```
+
+Creates a JSON object value from a given initializer list. The initializer lists elements must be pairs, and their first
+elements must be strings. If the initializer list is empty, the empty object `#!json {}` is created.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`init` (in)
+:   initializer list with JSON values to create an object from (optional)
+
+## Return value
+
+JSON object value
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Throws [`type_error.301`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error301) if `init` is not a list of pairs whose
+first elements are strings. In this case, no object can be created. When such a value is passed to
+`basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t)`, an array would have been created from the passed initializer list
+`init`. See example below.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of `init`.
+
+## Notes
+
+This function is only added for symmetry reasons. In contrast to the related function `array(initializer_list_t)`, there
+are no cases which can only be expressed by this function. That is, any initializer list `init` can also be passed to
+the initializer list constructor `basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t)`.
+    
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for the `object` function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/object.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/object.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_comparator_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_comparator_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fb8656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_comparator_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# basic_json::object_comparator_t
+
+```cpp
+// until C++14
+using object_comparator_t = std::less<StringType>;
+
+// since C++14
+using object_comparator_t = std::less<>;
+```
+
+The comparator used in [`object_t`](object_t.md).
+
+When C++14 is detected, a transparent com parator is used which, when combined with perfect forwarding on find() and
+count() calls, prevents unnecessary string construction.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Unknown.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e937d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/object_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# basic_json::object_t
+
+```cpp
+using object_t = ObjectType<StringType,
+                            basic_json,
+                            object_comparator_t,
+                            AllocatorType<std::pair<const StringType, basic_json>>>;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON objects.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON objects as follows:
+> An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs, where a name is a string and a value is a
+> string, number, boolean, null, object, or array.
+
+To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters described below.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ObjectType`
+:   the container to store objects (e.g., `std::map` or `std::unordered_map`)
+
+`StringType`
+:   the type of the keys or names (e.g., `std::string`). The comparison function `std::less<StringType>` is used to
+    order elements inside the container.
+
+`AllocatorType`
+:   the allocator to use for objects (e.g., `std::allocator`)
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `ObjectType` (`std::map`), `StringType` (`std::string`), and `AllocatorType`
+(`std::allocator`), the default value for `object_t` is:
+
+```cpp
+// until C++14
+std::map<
+  std::string, // key_type
+  basic_json, // value_type
+  std::less<std::string>, // key_compare
+  std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
+>
+
+// since C++14
+std::map<
+  std::string, // key_type
+  basic_json, // value_type
+  std::less<>, // key_compare
+  std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
+>
+```
+
+See [`object_comparator_t`](object_comparator_t.md) for more information.
+
+#### Behavior
+
+The choice of `object_t` influences the behavior of the JSON class. With the default type, objects have the following
+behavior:
+
+- When all names are unique, objects will be interoperable in the sense that all software implementations receiving that
+  object will agree on the name-value mappings.
+- When the names within an object are not unique, it is unspecified which one of the values for a given key will be
+  chosen. For instance, `#!json {"key": 2, "key": 1}` could be equal to either `#!json {"key": 1}` or
+  `#!json {"key": 2}`.
+- Internally, name/value pairs are stored in lexicographical order of the names. Objects will also be serialized (see
+  [`dump`](dump.md)) in this order. For instance, `#!json {"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be stored
+  and serialized as `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}`.
+- When comparing objects, the order of the name/value pairs is irrelevant. This makes objects interoperable in the sense
+  that they will not be affected by these differences. For instance, `#!json {"b": 1, "a": 2}` and
+  `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be treated as equal.
+
+#### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+In this class, the object's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained. However, a maximum depth of nesting may be
+introduced by the compiler or runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+[`max_size`](max_size.md) function of a JSON object.
+
+#### Storage
+
+Objects are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to object values, a pointer of type
+`object_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+#### Object key order
+
+The order name/value pairs are added to the object is *not* preserved by the library. Therefore, iterating an object may
+return name/value pairs in a different order than they were originally stored. In fact, keys will be traversed in
+alphabetical order as `std::map` with `std::less` is used by default. Please note this behavior conforms to
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259), because any order implements the specified "unordered" nature of JSON objects.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator+=.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator+=.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59001a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator+=.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# basic_json::operator+=
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+reference operator+=(basic_json&& val);
+reference operator+=(const basic_json& val);
+
+// (2)
+reference operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type& val);
+
+// (3)
+reference operator+=(initializer_list_t init);
+```
+
+1. Appends the given element `val` to the end of the JSON array. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an
+   empty array is created before appending `val`.
+
+2. Inserts the given element `val` to the JSON object. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an empty object
+   is created before inserting `val`.
+
+3. This function allows to use `operator+=` with an initializer list. In case
+
+    1. the current value is an object,
+    2. the initializer list `init` contains only two elements, and
+    3. the first element of `init` is a string,
+
+    `init` is converted into an object element and added using `operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type&)`.
+    Otherwise, `init` is converted to a JSON value and added using `operator+=(basic_json&&)`.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`val` (in)
+:   the value to add to the JSON array/object
+
+`init` (in)
+:   an initializer list
+
+## Return value
+
+`#!cpp *this`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.308`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error308) when called on a type other than
+      JSON array or null; example: `"cannot use operator+=() with number"`
+2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.308`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error308) when called on a type other than
+      JSON object or null; example: `"cannot use operator+=() with number"`
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Amortized constant.
+2. Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+3. Linear in the size of the initializer list `init`.
+
+## Notes
+
+(3) This function is required to resolve an ambiguous overload error, because pairs like `{"key", "value"}` can be both
+interpreted as `object_t::value_type` or `std::initializer_list<basic_json>`, see
+[#235](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/235) for more information.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to add elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value
+    was silently converted to a JSON array.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to add elements to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value
+    was silently converted to a JSON object.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__object_t__value.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__object_t__value.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how initializer lists are treated as objects when possible.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__initializer_list.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__initializer_list.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Since version 1.0.0.
+2. Since version 1.0.0.
+2. Since version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator=.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator=.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..340f8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator=.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# basic_json::operator=
+
+```cpp
+basic_json& operator=(basic_json other) noexcept (
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+);
+```
+
+Copy assignment operator. Copies a JSON value via the "copy and swap" strategy: It is expressed in terms of the copy
+constructor, destructor, and the `swap()` member function.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`other` (in)
+:   value to copy from
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The code below shows and example for the copy assignment. It creates a copy of value `a` which is then swapped with
+    `b`. Finally, the copy of `a` (which is the null value after the swap) is destroyed.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__copyassignment.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__copyassignment.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator[].md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator[].md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b36f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator[].md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# basic_json::operator[]
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+reference operator[](size_type idx);
+const_reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
+
+// (2)
+reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key);
+const_reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key) const;
+template<typename T>
+reference operator[](T* key);
+template<typename T>
+const_reference operator[](T* key) const;
+
+// (3)
+reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr);
+const_reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr) const;
+```
+
+1. Returns a reference to the element at specified location `idx`.
+2. Returns a reference to the element at with specified key `key`.
+3. Returns a reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer `ptr`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`T`
+:   string literal convertible to `object_t::key_type`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`idx` (in)
+:   index of the element to access
+
+`key` (in)
+:   object key of the elements to remove
+    
+`ptr` (in)
+:   JSON pointer to the desired element
+    
+## Return value
+
+1. reference to the element at index `idx`
+2. reference to the element at key `key`
+3. reference to the element pointed to by `ptr`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.305`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) if the JSON value is not an array
+      or null; in that cases, using the `[]` operator with an index makes no sense.
+2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.305`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) if the JSON value is not an array
+      or null; in that cases, using the `[]` operator with an index makes no sense.
+3. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`parse_error.106`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error106) if an array index in the passed
+      JSON pointer `ptr` begins with '0'.
+    - Throws [`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) if an array index in the passed
+      JSON pointer `ptr` is not a number.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.402`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range402) if the array index '-' is used
+      in the passed JSON pointer `ptr` for the const version.
+    - Throws [`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) if the JSON pointer `ptr` can
+      not be resolved.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! danger
+
+    1. If the element with key `idx` does not exist, the behavior is undefined.
+    2. If the element with key `key` does not exist, the behavior is undefined and is **guarded by an assertion**!
+
+1. The non-const version may add values: If `idx` is beyond the range of the array (i.e., `idx >= size()`), then the
+   array is silently filled up with `#!json null` values to make `idx` a valid reference to the last stored element. In
+   case the value was `#!json null` before, it is converted to an array.
+
+2. If `key` is not found in the object, then it is silently added to the object and filled with a `#!json null` value to
+   make `key` a valid reference. In case the value was `#!json null` before, it is converted to an object.
+
+3. `null` values are created in arrays and objects if necessary.
+   
+    In particular:
+
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an object key that does not exist, it is created an filled with a `#!json null`
+      value before a reference to it is returned.
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an array index that does not exist, it is created an filled with a `#!json null`
+      value before a reference to it is returned. All indices between the current maximum and the given index are also
+      filled with `#!json null`.
+    - The special value `-` is treated as a synonym for the index past the end.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Constant if `idx` is in the range of the array. Otherwise linear in `idx - size()`.
+2. Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+3. Constant
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how array elements can be read and written using `[]` operator. Note the addition of
+    `#!json null` values.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__size_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__size_type.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how array elements can be read using the `[]` operator.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__size_type_const.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read and written using the `[]` operator.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__key_type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__key_type.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be read using the `[]` operator.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorarray__key_type_const.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how values can be read and written using JSON Pointers.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorjson_pointer.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorjson_pointer.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how values can be read using JSON Pointers.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operatorjson_pointer_const.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Added in version 1.0.0.
+2. Added in version 1.0.0. Overloads for `T* key` added in version 1.1.0.
+3. Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ValueType.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ValueType.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb5e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ValueType.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# basic_json::operator ValueType
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ValueType>
+JSON_EXPLICIT operator ValueType() const;
+```
+
+Implicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value. The call is realized by calling
+[`get()`](get.md). See [Notes](#notes) for the meaning of `JSON_EXPLICIT`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ValueType`
+:   the value type to return
+
+## Return value
+
+copy of the JSON value, converted to `ValueType`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+Depends on what `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method throws
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+## Notes
+
+By default `JSON_EXPLICIT` defined to the empty string, so the signature is:
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ValueType>
+operator ValueType() const;
+```
+
+If [`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../../features/macros.md#json_use_implicit_conversions) is set to `0`,
+`JSON_EXPLICIT` is defined to `#!cpp explicit`:
+
+```cpp
+template<typename ValueType>
+explicit operator ValueType() const;
+```
+
+That is, implicit conversions can be switched off by defining
+[`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../../features/macros.md#json_use_implicit_conversions) to `0`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string, json>`.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__ValueType.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__ValueType.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 1.0.0.
+- Macros `JSON_EXPLICIT`/[`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../../features/macros.md#json_use_implicit_conversions) added
+  in version 3.9.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_eq.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_eq.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34cf553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_eq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# basic_json::operator==
+
+```cpp
+bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator==(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares two JSON values for equality according to the following rules:
+
+- Two JSON values are equal if (1) they are not discarded, (2) they are from the same type, and (3) their stored values
+  are the same according to their respective `operator==`.
+- Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before comparison. Note that two NaN values are always
+  treated as unequal.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether the values `lhs` and `rhs` are equal
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! note
+
+    - NaN values never compare equal to themselves or to other NaN values.
+    - JSON `#!cpp null` values are all equal.
+    - Discarded values never compare equal to themselves.
+
+!!! note
+
+    Floating-point numbers inside JSON values numbers are compared with `json::number_float_t::operator==` which is
+    `double::operator==` by default. To compare floating-point while respecting an epsilon, an alternative
+    [comparison function](https://github.com/mariokonrad/marnav/blob/master/include/marnav/math/floatingpoint.hpp#L34-#L39)
+    could be used, for instance
+    
+    ```cpp
+    template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, T>::type>
+    inline bool is_same(T a, T b, T epsilon = std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon()) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::abs(a - b) <= epsilon;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Or you can self-defined operator equal function like this:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    bool my_equal(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs)
+    {
+        const auto lhs_type lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type rhs.type();
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch(lhs_type)
+                // self_defined case
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return std::abs(lhs - rhs) <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
+                // other cases remain the same with the original
+                ...
+        }
+    ...
+    }
+    ```
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example demonstrates comparing several JSON types.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__equal.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__equal.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ge.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ge.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19834c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ge.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::operator>=
+
+```cpp
+bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept,
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator>=(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares whether one JSON value `lhs` is greater than or equal to another JSON value `rhs` by calculating
+`#!cpp !(lhs < rhs)`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether `lhs` is less than or equal to `rhs`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example demonstrates comparing several JSON types.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__greaterequal.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__greaterequal.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_gt.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_gt.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9e3262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_gt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# basic_json::operator>
+
+```cpp
+bool operator>(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept,
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator>(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator>(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares whether one JSON value `lhs` is greater than another JSON value `rhs` by calculating `#!cpp !(lhs <= rhs)`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether `lhs` is greater than `rhs`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example demonstrates comparing several JSON types.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__greater.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__greater.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_le.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_le.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..452ee49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_le.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::operator<=
+
+```cpp
+bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept,
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator<=(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares whether one JSON value `lhs` is less than or equal to another JSON value `rhs` by calculating
+`#cpp !(rhs < lhs)`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether `lhs` is less than or equal to `rhs`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example demonstrates comparing several JSON types.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__lessequal.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__lessequal.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c96067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# basic_json::operator""_json
+
+```cpp
+json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+```
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON objects. It can be used by adding `#!cpp _json` to a
+string literal and returns a [`json`](../json.md) object if no parse error occurred.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`s` (in)
+:   a string representation of a JSON object
+
+`n` (in)
+:   length of string `s`
+
+## Return value
+
+[`json`](../json.md) value parsed from `s`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+The function can throw anything that [`parse(s, s+n)`](parse.md) would throw.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0316b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# basic_json::operator""_json_pointer
+
+```cpp
+json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+```
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON Pointers. It can be used by adding `#!cpp _json_pointer`
+to a string literal and returns a [`json_pointer`](../json_pointer.md) object if no parse error occurred.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`s` (in)
+:   a string representation of a JSON Pointer
+
+`n` (in)
+:   length of string `s`
+
+## Return value
+
+[`json_pointer`](../json_pointer.md) value parsed from `s`
+
+## Exceptions
+
+The function can throw anything that [`json_pointer::json_pointer`](../json_pointer.md) would throw.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_lt.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_lt.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d2fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_lt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# basic_json::operator<
+
+```cpp
+bool operator<(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept,
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator<(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator<(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares whether one JSON value `lhs` is less than another JSON value `rhs` according to the following rules:
+
+- If `lhs` and `rhs` have the same type, the values are compared using the default `<` operator.
+- Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before comparison
+- Discarded values a
+- In case `lhs` and `rhs` have different types, the values are ignored and the order of the types is considered, which
+  is:
+    1. null
+    2. boolean
+    3. number (all types)
+    4. object
+    5. array
+    6. string
+    7. binary
+
+    For instance, any boolean value is considered less than any string.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether `lhs` is less than `rhs`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example demonstrates comparing several JSON types.
+        
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__less.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__less.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ne.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ne.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a86201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_ne.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# basic_json::operator!=
+
+```cpp
+bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const ScalarType rhs) noexcept;
+
+template<typename ScalarType>
+bool operator!=(ScalarType lhs, const const_reference rhs) noexcept;
+```
+
+Compares two JSON values for inequality by calculating `#!cpp !(lhs == rhs)`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ScalarType`
+:   a scalar type according to `std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value`
+
+## Parameters
+
+`lhs` (in)
+:   first value to consider 
+
+`rhs` (in)
+:   second value to consider 
+
+## Return value
+
+whether the values `lhs` and `rhs` are not equal
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Example
+
+The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+types.
+    
+```cpp
+--8<-- "examples/operator__notequal.cpp"
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```json
+--8<-- "examples/operator__notequal.output"
+```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_value_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_value_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5212514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator_value_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::operator value_t
+
+```cpp
+constexpr operator value_t() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Return the type of the JSON value as a value from the [`value_t`](value_t.md) enumeration.
+    
+## Return value
+
+the type of the JSON value
+
+Value type                | return value
+------------------------- | -------------------------
+`#!json null`             | `value_t::null`
+boolean                   | `value_t::boolean`
+string                    | `value_t::string`
+number (integer)          | `value_t::number_integer`
+number (unsigned integer) | `value_t::number_unsigned`
+number (floating-point)   | `value_t::number_float`
+object                    | `value_t::object`
+array                     | `value_t::array`
+binary                    | `value_t::binary`
+discarded                 | `value_t::discarded`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `operator value_t()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__value_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/operator__value_t.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Added unsigned integer type in version 2.0.0.
+- Added binary type in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/other_error.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/other_error.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..492b2d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/other_error.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::other_error
+
+```cpp
+class other_error : public exception;
+```
+
+This exception is thrown in case of errors that cannot be classified with the other exception types.
+
+Exceptions have ids 5xx.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+
+class basic_json::other_error #FFFF00 {}
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `other_error` exception can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/other_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/other_error.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/out_of_range.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/out_of_range.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47ead87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/out_of_range.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::out_of_range
+
+```cpp
+class out_of_range : public exception;
+```
+
+This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input parameter that exceeds the expected range, for
+instance in case of array indices or nonexisting object keys.
+
+Exceptions have ids 4xx.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+
+class basic_json::out_of_range #FFFF00 {}
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `out_of_range` exception can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/out_of_range.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/out_of_range.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f991b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse.md
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# basic_json::parse
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<typename InputType>
+static basic_json parse(InputType&& i,
+                        const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                        const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                        const bool ignore_comments = false);
+
+// (2)
+template<typename IteratorType>
+static basic_json parse(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                        const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                        const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                        const bool ignore_comments = false);
+```
+
+1. Deserialize from a compatible input.
+2. Deserialize from a pair of character iterators
+    
+    The value_type of the iterator must be a integral type with size of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted
+    respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   a compatible iterator type
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   Input to parse from.
+
+`cb` (in)
+:   a parser callback function of type [`parser_callback_t`](parser_callback_t.md) which is used to control the
+    deserialization by filtering unwanted values (optional)
+
+`allow_exceptions` (in)
+:    whether to throw exceptions in case of a parse error (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`ignore_comments` (in)
+:   whether comments should be ignored and treated like whitespace (`#!cpp true`) or yield a parse error
+    (`#!cpp false`); (optional, `#!cpp false` by default)
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of character range
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of character range
+
+## Return value
+
+Deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and `allow_exceptions` set to `#!cpp false`, the return value will be
+`value_t::discarded`. The latter can be checked with [`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md).
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser
+callback function `cb` or reading from (1) the input `i` or (2) the iterator range [`first`, `last`] has a
+super-linear complexity.
+
+## Notes
+
+(1) A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example "Parsing from a charater array"
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from an array.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__array__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example "Parsing from a string"
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with and without callback function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example "Parsing from an input stream"
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with and without callback function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__istream__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example "Parsing from a contiguous container"
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading from a contiguous container.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example "Effect of `allow_exceptions` parameter"
+
+    The example below demonstrates the effect of the `allow_exceptions` parameter in the ´parse()` function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__allow_exceptions.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Overload for contiguous containers (1) added in version 2.0.3.
+- Ignoring comments via `ignore_comments` added in version 3.9.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_error.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_error.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0ee40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_error.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# basic_json::parse_error
+
+```cpp
+class parse_error : public exception;
+```
+
+This exception is thrown by the library when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of
+JSON text, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, as well as when using JSON Patch.
+
+Exceptions have ids 1xx.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error #FFFF00 {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+- **byte** - byte index of the parse error
+
+## Note
+
+For an input with _n_ bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and _n_+1 is the index of the terminating null byte
+or the end of file. This also holds true when reading a byte vector for binary formats.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `parse_error` exception can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse_error.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_event_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_event_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..867de48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse_event_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# basic_json::parse_event_t
+
+```cpp
+enum class parse_event_t : std::uint8_t {
+    object_start,
+    object_end,
+    array_start,
+    array_end,
+    key,
+    value
+};
+```
+
+The parser callback distinguishes the following events:
+
+- `object_start`: the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
+- `key`: the parser read a key of a value in an object
+- `object_end`: the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
+- `array_start`: the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
+- `array_end`: the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
+- `value`: the parser finished reading a JSON value
+
+## Example
+
+![Example when certain parse events are triggered](../../images/callback_events.png)
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeb7c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# basic_json::parser_callback_t
+
+```cpp
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+using parser_callback_t =
+    std::function<bool(int depth, parse_event_t event, BasicJsonType& parsed)>;
+```
+
+With a parser callback function, the result of parsing a JSON text can be influenced. When passed to
+[`parse`](parse.md), it is called on certain events (passed as [`parse_event_t`](parse_event_t.md) via parameter
+`event`) with a set recursion depth `depth` and context JSON value `parsed`. The return value of the callback function
+is a boolean indicating whether the element that emitted the callback shall be kept or not.
+
+We distinguish six scenarios (determined by the event type) in which the callback function can be called. The following
+table describes the values of the parameters `depth`, `event`, and `parsed`.
+
+parameter `event` | description | parameter `depth` | parameter `parsed`
+------------------ | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------
+`parse_event_t::object_start` | the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | a JSON value with type discarded
+`parse_event_t::key` | the parser read a key of a value in an object | depth of the currently parsed JSON object | a JSON string containing the key
+`parse_event_t::object_end` | the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | the parsed JSON object
+`parse_event_t::array_start` | the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | a JSON value with type discarded
+`parse_event_t::array_end` | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | the parsed JSON array
+`parse_event_t::value` | the parser finished reading a JSON value | depth of the value | the parsed JSON value
+
+![Example when certain parse events are triggered](../../images/callback_events.png)
+
+Discarding a value (i.e., returning `#!cpp false`) has different effects depending on the context in which function was
+called:
+
+- Discarded values in structured types are skipped. That is, the parser will behave as if the discarded value was never
+  read.
+- In case a value outside a structured type is skipped, it is replaced with `null`. This case happens if the top-level
+  element is skipped.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`depth` (in)
+:   the depth of the recursion during parsing
+
+`event` (in)
+:   an event of type [`parse_event_t`](parse_event_t.md) indicating the context in
+    the callback function has been called
+
+`parsed` (in, out)
+:    the current intermediate parse result; note that
+     writing to this value has no effect for `parse_event_t::key` events
+
+## Return value
+
+Whether the JSON value which called the function during parsing should be kept (`#!cpp true`) or not (`#!cpp false`). In
+the latter case, it is either skipped completely or replaced by an empty discarded object.
+
+# Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with
+    and without callback function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/patch.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/patch.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73e9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/patch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# basic_json::patch
+
+```cpp
+basic_json patch(const basic_json& json_patch) const;
+```
+
+[JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) defines a JSON document structure for expressing a sequence of operations to apply to
+a JSON) document. With this function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by executing all operations from
+the patch.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`json_patch` (in)
+:   JSON patch document
+
+## Return value
+
+patched document
+
+## Exceptions
+
+- Throws [`parse_error.104`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error104) if the JSON patch does not consist of
+  an array of objects.
+- Throws [`parse_error.105`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error105) if the JSON patch is malformed (e.g.,
+  mandatory attributes are missing); example: `"operation add must have member path"`.
+- Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if an array index is out of range.
+- Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if a JSON pointer inside the patch
+  could not be resolved successfully in the current JSON value; example: `"key baz not found"`.
+- Throws [`out_of_range.405`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range405) if JSON pointer has no parent
+  ("add", "remove", "move")
+- Throws [`out_of_range.501`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionother_error501) if "test" operation was
+  unsuccessful.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value and the length of the JSON patch. As usually only a fraction of the JSON value is
+affected by the patch, the complexity can usually be neglected.
+
+## Note
+
+The application of a patch is atomic: Either all operations succeed and the patched document is returned or an exception
+is thrown. In any case, the original value is not changed: the patch is applied to a copy of the value.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON patch is applied to a value.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/patch.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/patch.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/push_back.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/push_back.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c10c94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/push_back.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# basic_json::push_back
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+void push_back(basic_json&& val);
+void push_back(const basic_json& val);
+
+// (2)
+void push_back(const typename object_t::value_type& val);
+
+// (3)
+void push_back(initializer_list_t init);
+```
+
+1. Appends the given element `val` to the end of the JSON array. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an
+   empty array is created before appending `val`.
+
+2. Inserts the given element `val` to the JSON object. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an empty object
+   is created before inserting `val`.
+
+3. This function allows to use `push_back` with an initializer list. In case
+
+    1. the current value is an object,
+    2. the initializer list `init` contains only two elements, and
+    3. the first element of `init` is a string,
+
+    `init` is converted into an object element and added using `push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&)`.
+    Otherwise, `init` is converted to a JSON value and added using `push_back(basic_json&&)`.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`val` (in)
+:   the value to add to the JSON array/object
+
+`init` (in)
+:   an initializer list
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.308`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error308) when called on a type other than
+      JSON array or null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.308`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error308) when called on a type other than
+      JSON object or null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Amortized constant.
+2. Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+3. Linear in the size of the initializer list `init`.
+
+## Notes
+
+(3) This function is required to resolve an ambiguous overload error, because pairs like `{"key", "value"}` can be both
+    interpreted as `object_t::value_type` or `std::initializer_list<basic_json>`, see
+    [#235](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/235) for more information.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to add elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value
+    was silently converted to a JSON array.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to add elements to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value
+    was silently converted to a JSON object.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__object_t__value.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__object_t__value.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how initializer lists are treated as objects when possible.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__initializer_list.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/push_back__initializer_list.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Since version 1.0.0.
+2. Since version 1.0.0.
+2. Since version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rbegin.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rbegin.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57957b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rbegin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# basic_json::rbegin
+
+```cpp
+reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept;
+const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+reverse iterator to the first element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `rbegin()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/rbegin.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/rbegin.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rend.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rend.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d5f213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/rend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# basic_json::rend
+
+```cpp
+reverse_iterator rend() noexcept;
+const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first element. This element acts as a placeholder,
+attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+
+## Return value
+
+reverse iterator to the element following the last element
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows an example for `eend()`.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/rend.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/rend.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/sax_parse.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/sax_parse.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a6dbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/sax_parse.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# basic_json::sax_parse
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template <typename InputType, typename SAX>
+static bool sax_parse(InputType&& i,
+                      SAX* sax,
+                      input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                      const bool strict = true,
+                      const bool ignore_comments = false);
+
+// (2)
+template<class IteratorType, class SAX>
+static bool sax_parse(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                      SAX* sax,
+                      input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                      const bool strict = true,
+                      const bool ignore_comments = false);
+```
+
+Read from input and generate SAX events
+
+1. Read from a compatible input.
+2. Read from a pair of character iterators
+    
+    The value_type of the iterator must be a integral type with size of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted
+    respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+
+The SAX event lister must follow the interface of `json_sax`.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`InputType`
+:   A compatible input, for instance:
+    
+    - an `std::istream` object
+    - a `FILE` pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+`IteratorType`
+:   Description
+
+`SAX`
+:   Description
+
+## Parameters
+
+`i` (in)
+:   Input to parse from.
+
+`sax` (in)
+:   SAX event listener
+
+`format` (in)
+:    the format to parse (JSON, CBOR, MessagePack, or UBJSON) (optional, `input_format_t::json` by default), see
+     [`input_format_t`](input_format_t.md) for more information
+
+`strict` (in)
+:   whether the input has to be consumed completely (optional, `#!cpp true` by default)
+
+`ignore_comments` (in)
+:   whether comments should be ignored and treated like whitespace (`#!cpp true`) or yield a parse error
+    (`#!cpp false`); (optional, `#!cpp false` by default)
+
+`first` (in)
+:   iterator to start of character range
+
+`last` (in)
+:   iterator to end of character range
+
+## Return value
+
+return value of the last processed SAX event
+
+## Exception safety
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the SAX
+consumer `sax` has a super-linear complexity.
+
+## Notes
+
+A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `sax_parse()` function reading from string and processing the events with a
+    user-defined SAX event consumer.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/sax_parse.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/sax_parse.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.2.0.
+- Ignoring comments via `ignore_comments` added in version 3.9.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/size.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/size.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36a9dae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/size.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# basic_json::size
+
+```cpp
+size_type size() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns the number of elements in a JSON value.
+    
+## Return value
+
+The return value depends on the different types and is defined as follows:
+
+Value type  | return value
+----------- | -------------
+null        | `0`
+boolean     | `1`
+string      | `1`
+number      | `1`
+binary      | `1`
+object      | result of function object_t::size()
+array       | result of function array_t::size()
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant, as long as [`array_t`](array_t.md) and [`object_t`](object_t.md) satisfy the
+[Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container) concept; that is, their `size()` functions have
+constant complexity.
+
+## Notes
+
+This function does not return the length of a string stored as JSON value -- it returns the number of elements in the
+JSON value which is `1` in the case of a string.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code calls `size()` on the different value types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/size.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/size.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Extended to return `1` for binary types in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/string_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/string_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6287f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/string_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# basic_json::string_t
+
+```cpp
+using string_t = StringType;
+```
+
+The type used to store JSON strings.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON strings as follows:
+> A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters.
+
+To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter described below. Unicode values are split by the
+JSON class into byte-sized characters during deserialization.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`StringType`
+:   the container to store strings (e.g., `std::string`). Note this container is used for keys/names in objects, see
+    [object_t](object_t.md).
+
+## Notes
+
+#### Default type
+
+With the default values for `StringType` (`std::string`), the default value for `string_t` is `#!cpp std::string`.
+
+#### Encoding
+
+Strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding. Therefore, functions like `std::string::size()` or `std::string::length()` return
+the number of bytes in the string rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+
+#### String comparison
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+> Software implementations are typically required to test names of object members for equality. Implementations that
+> transform the textual representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then perform the comparison numerically,
+> code unit by code unit, are interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree in all cases on equality or
+> inequality of two strings. For example, implementations that compare strings with escaped characters unconverted may
+> incorrectly find that `"a\\b"` and `"a\u005Cb"` are not equal.
+
+This implementation is interoperable as it does compare strings code unit by code unit.
+
+#### Storage
+
+String values are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to string values, a pointer of type
+`string_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_bson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_bson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..747a4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_bson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# basic_json::to_bson
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_bson(const basic_json& j);
+
+// (2)
+static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o);
+static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o);
+```
+
+BSON (Binary JSON) is a binary format in which zero or more ordered key/value pairs are stored as a single entity (a
+so-called document).
+
+1. Returns a byte vector containing the BSON serialization.
+2. Writes the BSON serialization to an output adapter.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`j` (in)
+:   JSON value to serialize
+
+`o` (in)
+:   output adapter to write serialization to
+
+## Return value
+
+1. BSON serialization as byte vector
+2. /
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value `j`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in BSON format.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_bson.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/to_bson.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.4.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_cbor.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_cbor.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd0eaa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_cbor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# basic_json::to_cbor
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j);
+
+// (2)
+static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o);
+static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o);
+```
+
+Serializes a given JSON value `j` to a byte vector using the CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation) serialization
+format. CBOR is a binary serialization format which aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to
+parse.
+
+1. Returns a byte vector containing the CBOR serialization.
+2. Writes the CBOR serialization to an output adapter.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`j` (in)
+:   JSON value to serialize
+
+`o` (in)
+:   output adapter to write serialization to
+
+## Return value
+
+1. CBOR serialization as byte vector
+2. /
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value `j`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in CBOR format.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_cbor.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/to_cbor.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.9.
+- Compact representation of floating-point numbers added in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_msgpack.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_msgpack.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d438d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_msgpack.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# basic_json::to_msgpack
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_msgpack(const basic_json& j);
+
+// (2)
+static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o);
+static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o);
+```
+
+Serializes a given JSON value `j` to a byte vector using the MessagePack serialization format. MessagePack is a binary
+serialization format which aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+1. Returns a byte vector containing the MessagePack serialization.
+2. Writes the MessagePack serialization to an output adapter.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`j` (in)
+:   JSON value to serialize
+
+`o` (in)
+:   output adapter to write serialization to
+
+## Return value
+
+1. MessagePack serialization as byte vector
+2. /
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value `j`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in MessagePack format.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_msgpack.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/to_msgpack.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.9.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_ubjson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_ubjson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a12a625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_ubjson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# basic_json::to_ubjson
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_ubjson(const basic_json& j,
+                                           const bool use_size = false,
+                                           const bool use_type = false);
+
+// (2)
+static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o,
+                      const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false);
+static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o,
+                      const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false);
+```
+
+Serializes a given JSON value `j` to a byte vector using the UBJSON (Universal Binary JSON) serialization format. UBJSON
+aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+1. Returns a byte vector containing the UBJSON serialization.
+2. Writes the UBJSON serialization to an output adapter.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`j` (in)
+:   JSON value to serialize
+
+`o` (in)
+:   output adapter to write serialization to
+
+`use_size` (in)
+:   whether to add size annotations to container types; optional, `#!cpp false` by default.
+
+`use_type` (in)
+:   whether to add type annotations to container types (must be combined with `#!cpp use_size = true`); optional,
+    `#!cpp false` by default.
+
+## Return value
+
+1. UBJSON serialization as byte vector
+2. /
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size of the JSON value `j`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in UBJSON format.
+     
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.1.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b348211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::type
+
+```cpp
+constexpr value_t type() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Return the type of the JSON value as a value from the [`value_t`](value_t.md) enumeration.
+
+## Return value
+
+the type of the JSON value
+
+Value type                | return value
+------------------------- | -------------------------
+`#!json null`             | `value_t::null`
+boolean                   | `value_t::boolean`
+string                    | `value_t::string`
+number (integer)          | `value_t::number_integer`
+number (unsigned integer) | `value_t::number_unsigned`
+number (floating-point)   | `value_t::number_float`
+object                    | `value_t::object`
+array                     | `value_t::array`
+binary                    | `value_t::binary`
+discarded                 | `value_t::discarded`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `type()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/type.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/type.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Added unsigned integer type in version 2.0.0.
+- Added binary type in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_error.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_error.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea0154e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_error.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# basic_json::type_error
+
+```cpp
+class type_error : public exception;
+```
+
+This exception is thrown in case of a type error; that is, a library function is executed on a JSON value whose type
+does not match the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 3xx.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- basic_json::exception
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::parse_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::invalid_iterator
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::type_error
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::out_of_range
+basic_json::exception <|-- basic_json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class basic_json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class basic_json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+
+class basic_json::type_error #FFFF00 {}
+```
+
+## Member functions
+
+- **what** - returns explanatory string
+
+## Member variables
+
+- **id** - the id of the exception
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `type_error` exception can be caught.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/type_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/type_error.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Since version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_name.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_name.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a17526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_name.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# basic_json::type_name
+
+```cpp
+const char* type_name() const noexcept;
+```
+
+Returns the type name as string to be used in error messages -- usually to indicate that a function was called on a
+wrong JSON type.
+    
+## Return value
+
+a string representation of a the type ([`value_t`](value_t.md)):
+
+Value type                                         | return value
+-------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------
+`#!json null`                                      | `"null"`
+boolean                                            | `"boolean"`
+string                                             | `"string"`
+number (integer, unsigned integer, floating-point) | `"number"`
+object                                             | `"object`
+array                                              | `"array`
+binary                                             | `"binary`
+discarded                                          | `"discarded`
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Constant.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code exemplifies `type_name()` for all JSON types.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/type_name.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/type_name.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Part of the public API version since 2.1.0.
+- Changed return value to `const char*` and added `noexcept` in version 3.0.0.
+- Added support for binary type in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/unflatten.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/unflatten.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3794286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/unflatten.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# basic_json::unflatten
+
+```cpp
+basic_json unflatten() const;
+```
+
+The function restores the arbitrary nesting of a JSON value that has been flattened before using the
+[`flatten()`](flatten.md) function. The JSON value must meet certain constraints:
+
+1. The value must be an object.
+2. The keys must be JSON pointers (see [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901))
+3. The mapped values must be primitive JSON types.
+    
+## Return value
+
+the original JSON from a flattened version
+
+## Exceptions
+
+The function can throw the following exceptions:
+
+- Throws [`type_error.314`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error314) if value is not an object
+- Throws [`type_error.315`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error315) if object values are not primitive
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+## Notes
+
+Empty objects and arrays are flattened by [`flatten()`](flatten.md) to `#!json null` values and can not unflattened to
+their original type. Apart from this example, for a JSON value `j`, the following is always true:
+`#!cpp j == j.flatten().unflatten()`.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a flattened JSON object is unflattened into the original nested JSON object.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/unflatten.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/unflatten.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 2.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/update.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/update.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1837c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/update.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# basic_json::update
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+void update(const_reference j);
+
+// (2)
+void update(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+```
+
+1. Inserts all values from JSON object `j` and overwrites existing keys.
+2. Inserts all values from from range `[first, last)` and overwrites existing keys.
+
+The function is motivated by Python's [dict.update](https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update)
+function.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`j` (in)
+:   JSON object to read values from
+
+`first` (in)
+:   begin of the range of elements to insert
+
+`last` (in)
+:   end of the range of elements to insert
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.312`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error312) if called on JSON values other than
+      objects; example: `"cannot use update() with string"`
+2. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.312`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error312) if called on JSON values other than
+      objects; example: `"cannot use update() with string"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
+      iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    - Throws [`invalid_iterator.210`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210) if `first` and `last`
+      do not belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to insert.
+2. O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to insert.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `update()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/update.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/update.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example shows how `update()` is used.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/update__range.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/update__range.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdbc23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value.md
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# basic_json::value
+
+```cpp
+// (1)
+template<class ValueType>
+ValueType value(const typename object_t::key_type& key,
+                const ValueType& default_value) const;
+
+// (2)
+template<class ValueType>
+ValueType value(const json_pointer& ptr,
+                const ValueType& default_value) const;
+```
+
+1. Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key `key` or a given default value if no element with
+   key `key` exists.
+   
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    ```cpp
+    try {
+       return at(key);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+       return default_value;
+    }
+    ```
+
+2. Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified JSON pointer `ptr` or a given default value if no value
+   at `ptr` exists.
+   
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    ```cpp
+    try {
+       return at(ptr);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+       return default_value;
+    }
+    ```
+
+Unlike [`operator[]`](operator[].md), this function does not implicitly add an element to the position defined by
+`key`/`ptr` key. This function is furthermore also applicable to const objects.
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`ValueType` 
+:   type compatible to JSON values, for instance `#!cpp int` for JSON integer numbers, `#!cpp bool` for JSON booleans,
+    or `#!cpp std::vector` types for JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at `key`/`ptr` and the default
+    value `default_value` must be compatible.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`key` (in)
+:   key of the element to access
+
+`default_value` (in)
+:   the value to return if key/ptr found no value
+
+`ptr` (in)
+:   a JSON pointer to the element to access
+
+## Return value
+
+1. copy of the element at key `key` or `default_value` if `key` is not found
+1. copy of the element at JSON Pointer `ptr` or `default_value` if no value for `ptr` is found
+
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+changes to any JSON value.
+
+## Exceptions
+
+1. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if `default_value` does not match
+      the type of the value at `key`
+    - Throws [`type_error.306`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error306) if the JSON value is not an object;
+      in that case, using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+2. The function can throw thw following exceptions:
+    - Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if `default_value` does not match
+      the type of the value at `ptr`
+    - Throws [`type_error.306`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error306) if the JSON value is not an object;
+      in that case, using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+
+## Complexity
+
+1. Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+2. Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+## Example
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be queried with a default value.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below shows how object elements can be queried with a default value.
+    
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value_ptr.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/basic_json__value_ptr.output"
+    ```
+
+## Version history
+
+1. Added in version 1.0.0.
+2. Added in version 2.0.2.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value_t.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value_t.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fa9501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value_t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# basic_json::value_t
+
+```cpp
+enum class value_t : std::uint8_t {
+    null,
+    object,
+    array,
+    string,
+    boolean,
+    number_integer,
+    number_unsigned,
+    number_float,
+    binary,
+    discarded
+};
+```
+
+This enumeration collects the different JSON types. It is internally used to distinguish the stored values, and the
+functions [`is_null`](is_null.md), [`is_object`](is_object.md), [`is_array`](is_array.md), [`is_string`](is_string.md),
+[`is_boolean`](is_boolean.md), [`is_number`](is_number.md) (with [`is_number_integer`](is_number_integer.md),
+[`is_number_unsigned`](is_number_unsigned.md), and [`is_number_float`](is_number_float.md)),
+[`is_discarded`](is_discarded.md), [`is_binary`](is_binary.md), [`is_primitive`](is_primitive.md), and
+[`is_structured`](is_structured.md) rely on it.
+
+## Note
+
+There are three enumeration entries (number_integer, number_unsigned, and number_float), because the library
+distinguishes these three types for numbers: [`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) is used for unsigned integers,
+[`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md) is used for signed integers, and [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md) is used
+for floating-point numbers or to approximate integers which do not fit in the limits of their respective type.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
+- Added unsigned integer type in version 2.0.0.
+- Added binary type in version 3.8.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/~basic_json.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/~basic_json.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b089b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/~basic_json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# basic_json::~basic_json
+
+```cpp
+~basic_json() noexcept
+```
+
+Destroys the JSON value and frees all allocated memory.
+
+## Exception safety
+
+No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws exceptions.
+
+## Complexity
+
+Linear.
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 1.0.0.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0aff6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# json
+
+```cpp
+using json = basic_json<>;
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json_pointer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json_pointer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa0399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/json_pointer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# json_pointer
+
+```cpp
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_pointer;
+```
+
+## Template parameters
+
+`BasicJsonType`
+:   a specialization of [`basic_json`](basic_json/index.md)
+
+## Member functions
+
+- (constructor)
+- **to_string** - return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+- **operator std::string**- return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+- **operator/=** - append to the end of the JSON pointer
+- **operator/** - create JSON Pointer by appending
+- **parent_pointer** - returns the parent of this JSON pointer
+- **pop_back** - remove last reference token
+- **back** - return last reference token
+- **push_back** - append an unescaped token at the end of the pointer
+- **empty** - return whether pointer points to the root document
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_json.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_json.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce8dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_json.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# ordered_json
+
+```cpp
+using ordered_json = basic_json<nlohmann::ordered_map>;
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_map.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_map.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a99b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_map.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# ordered_map
+
+```cpp
+template<class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
+         class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>>
+struct ordered_map : std::vector<std::pair<const Key, T>, Allocator>;
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/arbitrary_types.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/arbitrary_types.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4234191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/arbitrary_types.md
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+# Arbitrary Types Conversions
+
+Every type can be serialized in JSON, not just STL containers and scalar types. Usually, you would do something along those lines:
+
+```cpp
+namespace ns {
+    // a simple struct to model a person
+    struct person {
+        std::string name;
+        std::string address;
+        int age;
+    };
+}
+
+ns::person p = {"Ned Flanders", "744 Evergreen Terrace", 60};
+
+// convert to JSON: copy each value into the JSON object
+json j;
+j["name"] = p.name;
+j["address"] = p.address;
+j["age"] = p.age;
+
+// ...
+
+// convert from JSON: copy each value from the JSON object
+ns::person p {
+    j["name"].get<std::string>(),
+    j["address"].get<std::string>(),
+    j["age"].get<int>()
+};
+```
+
+It works, but that's quite a lot of boilerplate... Fortunately, there's a better way:
+
+```cpp
+// create a person
+ns::person p {"Ned Flanders", "744 Evergreen Terrace", 60};
+
+// conversion: person -> json
+json j = p;
+
+std::cout << j << std::endl;
+// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}
+
+// conversion: json -> person
+auto p2 = j.get<ns::person>();
+
+// that's it
+assert(p == p2);
+```
+
+## Basic usage
+
+To make this work with one of your types, you only need to provide two functions:
+
+```cpp
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace ns {
+    void to_json(json& j, const person& p) {
+        j = json{ {"name", p.name}, {"address", p.address}, {"age", p.age} };
+    }
+
+    void from_json(const json& j, person& p) {
+        j.at("name").get_to(p.name);
+        j.at("address").get_to(p.address);
+        j.at("age").get_to(p.age);
+    }
+} // namespace ns
+```
+
+That's all! When calling the `json` constructor with your type, your custom `to_json` method will be automatically called.
+Likewise, when calling `get<your_type>()` or `get_to(your_type&)`, the `from_json` method will be called.
+
+Some important things:
+
+* Those methods **MUST** be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace `ns`, where `person` is defined).
+* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
+* When using `get<your_type>()`, `your_type` **MUST** be [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)
+* In function `from_json`, use function [`at()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c.html#a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c) to access the object values rather than `operator[]`. In case a key does not exist, `at` throws an exception that you can handle, whereas `operator[]` exhibits undefined behavior.
+* You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like `std::vector`: the library already implements these.
+
+
+## Simplify your life with macros
+
+If you just want to serialize/deserialize some structs, the `to_json`/`from_json` functions can be a lot of boilerplate.
+
+There are two macros to make your life easier as long as you (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object:
+
+- `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)` is to be defined inside of the namespace of the class/struct to create code for.
+- `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)` is to be defined inside of the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members.
+
+In both macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.
+
+!!! note
+
+    At most 64 member variables can be passed to `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE` or `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE`.
+
+??? example
+
+    The `to_json`/`from_json` functions for the `person` struct above can be created with:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    namespace ns {
+        NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(person, name, address, age)
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Here is an example with private members, where `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE` is needed:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    namespace ns {
+        class address {
+          private:
+            std::string street;
+            int housenumber;
+            int postcode;
+            
+          public:
+            NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(address, street, housenumber, postcode)
+        };
+    }
+    ```
+
+## How do I convert third-party types?
+
+This requires a bit more advanced technique. But first, let's see how this conversion mechanism works:
+
+The library uses **JSON Serializers** to convert types to json.
+The default serializer for `nlohmann::json` is `nlohmann::adl_serializer` (ADL means [Argument-Dependent Lookup](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl)).
+
+It is implemented like this (simplified):
+
+```cpp
+template <typename T>
+struct adl_serializer {
+    static void to_json(json& j, const T& value) {
+        // calls the "to_json" method in T's namespace
+    }
+
+    static void from_json(const json& j, T& value) {
+        // same thing, but with the "from_json" method
+    }
+};
+```
+
+This serializer works fine when you have control over the type's namespace. However, what about `boost::optional` or `std::filesystem::path` (C++17)? Hijacking the `boost` namespace is pretty bad, and it's illegal to add something other than template specializations to `std`...
+
+To solve this, you need to add a specialization of `adl_serializer` to the `nlohmann` namespace, here's an example:
+
+```cpp
+// partial specialization (full specialization works too)
+namespace nlohmann {
+    template <typename T>
+    struct adl_serializer<boost::optional<T>> {
+        static void to_json(json& j, const boost::optional<T>& opt) {
+            if (opt == boost::none) {
+                j = nullptr;
+            } else {
+              j = *opt; // this will call adl_serializer<T>::to_json which will
+                        // find the free function to_json in T's namespace!
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void from_json(const json& j, boost::optional<T>& opt) {
+            if (j.is_null()) {
+                opt = boost::none;
+            } else {
+                opt = j.get<T>(); // same as above, but with
+                                  // adl_serializer<T>::from_json
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+## How can I use `get()` for non-default constructible/non-copyable types?
+
+There is a way, if your type is [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible). You will need to specialize the `adl_serializer` as well, but with a special `from_json` overload:
+
+```cpp
+struct move_only_type {
+    move_only_type() = delete;
+    move_only_type(int ii): i(ii) {}
+    move_only_type(const move_only_type&) = delete;
+    move_only_type(move_only_type&&) = default;
+
+    int i;
+};
+
+namespace nlohmann {
+    template <>
+    struct adl_serializer<move_only_type> {
+        // note: the return type is no longer 'void', and the method only takes
+        // one argument
+        static move_only_type from_json(const json& j) {
+            return {j.get<int>()};
+        }
+
+        // Here's the catch! You must provide a to_json method! Otherwise you
+        // will not be able to convert move_only_type to json, since you fully
+        // specialized adl_serializer on that type
+        static void to_json(json& j, move_only_type t) {
+            j = t.i;
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+## Can I write my own serializer? (Advanced use)
+
+Yes. You might want to take a look at [`unit-udt.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/test/src/unit-udt.cpp) in the test suite, to see a few examples.
+
+If you write your own serializer, you'll need to do a few things:
+
+- use a different `basic_json` alias than `nlohmann::json` (the last template parameter of `basic_json` is the `JSONSerializer`)
+- use your `basic_json` alias (or a template parameter) in all your `to_json`/`from_json` methods
+- use `nlohmann::to_json` and `nlohmann::from_json` when you need ADL
+
+Here is an example, without simplifications, that only accepts types with a size <= 32, and uses ADL.
+
+```cpp
+// You should use void as a second template argument
+// if you don't need compile-time checks on T
+template<typename T, typename SFINAE = typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) <= 32>::type>
+struct less_than_32_serializer {
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T value) {
+        // we want to use ADL, and call the correct to_json overload
+        using nlohmann::to_json; // this method is called by adl_serializer,
+                                 // this is where the magic happens
+        to_json(j, value);
+    }
+
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+        // same thing here
+        using nlohmann::from_json;
+        from_json(j, value);
+    }
+};
+```
+
+Be **very** careful when reimplementing your serializer, you can stack overflow if you don't pay attention:
+
+```cpp
+template <typename T, void>
+struct bad_serializer
+{
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& value) {
+      // this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::to_json(j, value);
+      // if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!
+      j = value;
+    }
+
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+      // this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::from_json(j, value);
+      // if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!
+      value = j.template get<T>(); // oops!
+    }
+};
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/bson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/bson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ed2a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/bson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# BSON
+
+BSON, short for Bin­ary JSON, is a bin­ary-en­coded seri­al­iz­a­tion of JSON-like doc­u­ments. Like JSON, BSON sup­ports the em­bed­ding of doc­u­ments and ar­rays with­in oth­er doc­u­ments and ar­rays. BSON also con­tains ex­ten­sions that al­low rep­res­ent­a­tion of data types that are not part of the JSON spec. For ex­ample, BSON has a Date type and a BinData type.
+
+!!! abstract "References"
+
+	- [BSON Website](http://bsonspec.org) - the main source on BSON
+	- [BSON Specification](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) - the specification
+   
+
+## Serialization
+
+The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BSON types:
+
+JSON value type | value/range                       | BSON type   | marker
+--------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+null            | `null`                            | null        | 0x0A
+boolean         | `true`, `false`                   | boolean     | 0x08
+number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | 0x12
+number_integer  | -2147483648..2147483647           | int32       | 0x10
+number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+number_unsigned | 0..2147483647                     | int32       | 0x10
+number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+number_unsigned | 9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615| --   | --
+number_float    | *any value*                       | double      | 0x01
+string          | *any value*                       | string      | 0x02
+array           | *any value*                       | document    | 0x04
+object          | *any value*                       | document    | 0x03
+binary          | *any value*                       | binary      | 0x05
+
+!!! warning "Incomplete mapping"
+
+    The mapping is **incomplete**, since only JSON-objects (and things
+    contained therein) can be serialized to BSON.
+    Also, integers larger than 9223372036854775807 cannot be serialized to BSON,
+    and the keys may not contain U+0000, since they are serialized a
+    zero-terminated c-strings.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_bson.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```c
+    --8<-- "examples/to_bson.output"
+    ```
+
+
+## Deserialization
+
+The library maps BSON record types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+BSON type       | BSON marker byte | JSON value type
+--------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------
+double          | 0x01             | number_float
+string          | 0x02             | string
+document        | 0x03             | object
+array           | 0x04             | array
+binary          | 0x05             | binary
+undefined       | 0x06             | *unsupported*
+ObjectId        | 0x07             | *unsupported*
+boolean         | 0x08             | boolean
+UTC Date-Time   | 0x09             | *unsupported*
+null            | 0x0A             | null
+Regular Expr.   | 0x0B             | *unsupported*
+DB Pointer      | 0x0C             | *unsupported*
+JavaScript Code | 0x0D             | *unsupported*
+Symbol          | 0x0E             | *unsupported*
+JavaScript Code | 0x0F             | *unsupported*
+int32           | 0x10             | number_integer
+Timestamp       | 0x11             | *unsupported*
+128-bit decimal float | 0x13       | *unsupported*
+Max Key         | 0x7F             | *unsupported*
+Min Key         | 0xFF             | *unsupported*
+
+!!! warning "Incomplete mapping"
+
+    The mapping is **incomplete**. The unsupported mappings are indicated in the table above.
+
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_bson.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_bson.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/cbor.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/cbor.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7a8fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/cbor.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# CBOR
+
+The Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) is a data format whose design goals include the possibility of extremely small code size, fairly small message size, and extensibility without the need for version negotiation.
+
+!!! abstract "References"
+
+  	- [CBOR Website](http://cbor.io) - the main source on CBOR
+    - [CBOR Playground](http://cbor.me) - an interactive webpage to translate between JSON and CBOR
+    - [RFC 7049](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) - the CBOR specification
+
+## Serialization
+
+The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to CBOR types according to the CBOR specification (RFC 7049):
+
+JSON value type | value/range                                | CBOR type                          | first byte
+--------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ---------------
+null            | `null`                                     | Null                               | 0xF6
+boolean         | `true`                                     | True                               | 0xF5
+boolean         | `false`                                    | False                              | 0xF4
+number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649          | Negative integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x3B
+number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769                        | Negative integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x3A
+number_integer  | -32768..-129                               | Negative integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x39
+number_integer  | -128..-25                                  | Negative integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x38
+number_integer  | -24..-1                                    | Negative integer                   | 0x20..0x37
+number_integer  | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+number_integer  | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+number_integer  | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+number_unsigned | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+number_unsigned | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+number_unsigned | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+number_float    | *any value representable by a float*       | Single-Precision Float             | 0xFA
+number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float*   | Double-Precision Float             | 0xFB
+string          | *length*: 0..23                            | UTF-8 string                       | 0x60..0x77
+string          | *length*: 23..255                          | UTF-8 string (1 byte follow)       | 0x78
+string          | *length*: 256..65535                       | UTF-8 string (2 bytes follow)      | 0x79
+string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295                | UTF-8 string (4 bytes follow)      | 0x7A
+string          | *length*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | UTF-8 string (8 bytes follow)      | 0x7B
+array           | *size*: 0..23                              | array                              | 0x80..0x97
+array           | *size*: 23..255                            | array (1 byte follow)              | 0x98
+array           | *size*: 256..65535                         | array (2 bytes follow)             | 0x99
+array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | array (4 bytes follow)             | 0x9A
+array           | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | array (8 bytes follow)             | 0x9B
+object          | *size*: 0..23                              | map                                | 0xA0..0xB7
+object          | *size*: 23..255                            | map (1 byte follow)                | 0xB8
+object          | *size*: 256..65535                         | map (2 bytes follow)               | 0xB9
+object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | map (4 bytes follow)               | 0xBA
+object          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | map (8 bytes follow)               | 0xBB
+binary          | *size*: 0..23                              | byte string                        | 0x40..0x57
+binary          | *size*: 23..255                            | byte string (1 byte follow)        | 0x58
+binary          | *size*: 256..65535                         | byte string (2 bytes follow)       | 0x59
+binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | byte string (4 bytes follow)       | 0x5A
+binary          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | byte string (8 bytes follow)       | 0x5B
+
+Binary values with subtype are mapped to tagged values (0xD8..0xDB) depending on the subtype, followed by a byte string,
+see "binary" cells in the table above.
+
+!!! success "Complete mapping"
+
+	The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a CBOR value.
+
+!!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
+
+	If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the normal JSON serialization which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+!!! info "Unused CBOR types"
+
+	The following CBOR types are not used in the conversion:
+
+      - UTF-8 strings terminated by "break" (0x7F)
+      - arrays terminated by "break" (0x9F)
+      - maps terminated by "break" (0xBF)
+      - byte strings terminated by "break" (0x5F)
+      - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+      - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+      - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+      - bigfloat (0xC5)
+      - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+      - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+      - undefined (0xF7)
+      - half-precision floats (0xF9)
+      - break (0xFF)
+
+!!! info "Tagged items"
+
+    Binary subtypes will be serialized as tagged items. See [binary values](../binary_values.md#cbor) for an example.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_cbor.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```c
+    --8<-- "examples/to_cbor.output"
+    ```
+
+## Deserialization
+
+The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+CBOR type              | JSON value type | first byte
+---------------------- | --------------- | ----------
+Integer                | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x17
+Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x18
+Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x19
+Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1A
+Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1B
+Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x20..0x37
+Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x38
+Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x39
+Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3A
+Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3B
+Byte string            | binary          | 0x40..0x57
+Byte string            | binary          | 0x58
+Byte string            | binary          | 0x59
+Byte string            | binary          | 0x5A
+Byte string            | binary          | 0x5B
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x60..0x77
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x78
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x79
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7A
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7B
+UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7F
+array                  | array           | 0x80..0x97
+array                  | array           | 0x98
+array                  | array           | 0x99
+array                  | array           | 0x9A
+array                  | array           | 0x9B
+array                  | array           | 0x9F
+map                    | object          | 0xA0..0xB7
+map                    | object          | 0xB8
+map                    | object          | 0xB9
+map                    | object          | 0xBA
+map                    | object          | 0xBB
+map                    | object          | 0xBF
+False                  | `false`         | 0xF4
+True                   | `true`          | 0xF5
+Null                   | `null`          | 0xF6
+Half-Precision Float   | number_float    | 0xF9
+Single-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFA
+Double-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFB
+
+!!! warning "Incomplete mapping"
+
+	The mapping is **incomplete** in the sense that not all CBOR types can be converted to a JSON value. The following CBOR types are not supported and will yield parse errors:
+
+     - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+     - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+     - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+     - bigfloat (0xC5)
+     - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+     - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+     - undefined (0xF7)
+
+!!! warning "Object keys"
+
+	CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than UTF-8 strings are rejected.
+
+!!! warning "Tagged items"
+
+    Tagged items will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` to function `from_cbor`. They can be stored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` to function `from_cbor`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_cbor.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_cbor.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..279009d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Overview
+
+Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports
+
+- [BSON](bson.md) (Binary JSON),
+- [CBOR](cbor.md) (Concise Binary Object Representation),
+- [MessagePack](messagepack.md), and
+- [UBJSON](ubjson.md) (Universal Binary JSON)
+
+to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
+
+## Comparison
+
+### Completeness
+
+| Format      | Serialization                                 | Deserialization                              |
+| ----------- |---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
+| BSON        | incomplete: top-level value must be an object | incomplete, but all JSON types are supported |
+| CBOR        | complete                                      | incomplete, but all JSON types are supported |
+| MessagePack | complete                                      | complete                                     |
+| UBJSON      | complete                                      | complete                                     |
+
+### Binary values
+
+| Format      | Binary values | Binary subtypes |
+| ----------- | ------------- | --------------- |
+| BSON        | supported     | supported       |
+| CBOR        | supported     | supported       |
+| MessagePack | supported     | supported       |
+| UBJSON      | not supported | not supported   |
+
+See [binary values](../binary_values.md) for more information.
+
+### Sizes
+
+| Format             | canada.json | twitter.json | citm_catalog.json | jeopardy.json |
+| ------------------ | ----------- | ------------ | ----------------- | ------------- |
+| BSON               | 85,8 %      | 95,2 %       | 95,8 %            | 106,7 %       |
+| CBOR               | 50,5 %      | 86,3 %       | 68,4 %            | 88,0 %        |
+| MessagePack        | 50,6 %      | 86,0 %       | 68,5 %            | 87,9 %        |
+| UBJSON             | 53,2 %      | 91,3 %       | 78,2 %            | 96,6 %        |
+| UBJSON (size)      | 58,6 %      | 92,3 %       | 86,8 %            | 97,4 %        |
+| UBJSON (size+type) | 55,9 %      | 92,3 %       | 85,0 %            | 95,0 %        |
+
+Sizes compared to minified JSON value.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/messagepack.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/messagepack.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e041bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/messagepack.md
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# MessagePack
+
+MessagePack is an efficient binary serialization format. It lets you exchange data among multiple languages like JSON. But it's faster and smaller. Small integers are encoded into a single byte, and typical short strings require only one extra byte in addition to the strings themselves.
+
+!!! abstract "References"
+
+	- [MessagePack website](https://msgpack.org)
+	- [MessagePack specification](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md)
+
+## Serialization
+
+The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to MessagePack types according to the MessagePack specification:
+
+JSON value type | value/range                       | MessagePack type | first byte
+--------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------- | ----------
+null            | `null`                            | nil              | 0xC0
+boolean         | `true`                            | true             | 0xC3
+boolean         | `false`                           | false            | 0xC2
+number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64            | 0xD3
+number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32            | 0xD2
+number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16            | 0xD1
+number_integer  | -128..-33                         | int8             | 0xD0
+number_integer  | -32..-1                           | negative fixint  | 0xE0..0xFF
+number_integer  | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+number_integer  | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+number_unsigned | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+number_unsigned | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+number_float    | *any value representable by a float*     | float 32  | 0xCA
+number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float* | float 64  | 0xCB
+string          | *length*: 0..31                   | fixstr           | 0xA0..0xBF
+string          | *length*: 32..255                 | str 8            | 0xD9
+string          | *length*: 256..65535              | str 16           | 0xDA
+string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295       | str 32           | 0xDB
+array           | *size*: 0..15                     | fixarray         | 0x90..0x9F
+array           | *size*: 16..65535                 | array 16         | 0xDC
+array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | array 32         | 0xDD
+object          | *size*: 0..15                     | fix map          | 0x80..0x8F
+object          | *size*: 16..65535                 | map 16           | 0xDE
+object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | map 32           | 0xDF
+binary          | *size*: 0..255                    | bin 8            | 0xC4
+binary          | *size*: 256..65535                | bin 16           | 0xC5
+binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | bin 32           | 0xC6
+
+!!! success "Complete mapping"
+
+	The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a MessagePack value.
+
+	Any MessagePack output created by `to_msgpack` can be successfully parsed by `from_msgpack`.
+
+!!! warning "Size constraints"
+
+	The following values can **not** be converted to a MessagePack value:
+
+	  - strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+	  - byte strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+	  - arrays with more than 4294967295 elements
+	  - objects with more than 4294967295 elements
+
+!!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
+
+	If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_msgpack.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```c
+    --8<-- "examples/to_msgpack.output"
+    ```
+
+## Deserialization
+
+The library maps MessagePack types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+MessagePack type | JSON value type | first byte
+---------------- | --------------- | ----------
+positive fixint  | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x7F
+fixmap           | object          | 0x80..0x8F
+fixarray         | array           | 0x90..0x9F
+fixstr           | string          | 0xA0..0xBF
+nil              | `null`          | 0xC0
+false            | `false`         | 0xC2
+true             | `true`          | 0xC3
+float 32         | number_float    | 0xCA
+float 64         | number_float    | 0xCB
+uint 8           | number_unsigned | 0xCC
+uint 16          | number_unsigned | 0xCD
+uint 32          | number_unsigned | 0xCE
+uint 64          | number_unsigned | 0xCF
+int 8            | number_integer  | 0xD0
+int 16           | number_integer  | 0xD1
+int 32           | number_integer  | 0xD2
+int 64           | number_integer  | 0xD3
+str 8            | string          | 0xD9
+str 16           | string          | 0xDA
+str 32           | string          | 0xDB
+array 16         | array           | 0xDC
+array 32         | array           | 0xDD
+map 16           | object          | 0xDE
+map 32           | object          | 0xDF
+bin 8            | binary          | 0xC4
+bin 16           | binary          | 0xC5
+bin 32           | binary          | 0xC6
+ext 8            | binary          | 0xC7
+ext 16           | binary          | 0xC8
+ext 32           | binary          | 0xC9
+fixext 1         | binary          | 0xD4
+fixext 2         | binary          | 0xD5
+fixext 4         | binary          | 0xD6
+fixext 8         | binary          | 0xD7
+fixext 16        | binary          | 0xD8
+negative fixint  | number_integer  | 0xE0-0xFF
+
+!!! info
+
+	Any MessagePack output created by `to_msgpack` can be successfully parsed by `from_msgpack`.
+
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_msgpack.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_msgpack.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/ubjson.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/ubjson.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..050b4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_formats/ubjson.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# UBJSON
+
+Universal Binary JSON (UBJSON) is a binary form directly imitating JSON, but requiring fewer bytes of data. It aims to achieve the generality of JSON, combined with being much easier to process than JSON.
+
+!!! abstract "References"
+
+	- [UBJSON Website](http://ubjson.org)
+
+## Serialization
+
+The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to UBJSON types according to the UBJSON specification:
+
+JSON value type | value/range                       | UBJSON type | marker
+--------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+null            | `null`                            | null        | `Z`
+boolean         | `true`                            | true        | `T`
+boolean         | `false`                           | false       | `F`
+number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | `L`
+number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32       | `l`
+number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16       | `I`
+number_integer  | -128..127                         | int8        | `i`
+number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+number_integer  | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+number_integer  | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+number_unsigned | 0..127                            | int8        | `i`
+number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+number_unsigned | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+number_unsigned | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+number_unsigned | 2147483649..18446744073709551615  | high-precision | `H`
+number_float    | *any value*                       | float64     | `D`
+string          | *with shortest length indicator*  | string      | `S`
+array           | *see notes on optimized format*   | array       | `[`
+object          | *see notes on optimized format*   | map         | `{`
+
+!!! success "Complete mapping"
+
+	The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a UBJSON value.
+
+	Any UBJSON output created by `to_ubjson` can be successfully parsed by `from_ubjson`.
+
+!!! warning "Size constraints"
+
+	The following values can **not** be converted to a UBJSON value:
+
+      - strings with more than 9223372036854775807 bytes (theoretical)
+
+!!! info "Unused UBJSON markers"
+
+	The following markers are not used in the conversion:
+    
+    - `Z`: no-op values are not created.
+    - `C`: single-byte strings are serialized with `S` markers.
+
+!!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
+
+	If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+    serialized properly. This behavior differs from the `dump()`
+    function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+!!! info "Optimized formats"
+
+	The optimized formats for containers are supported: Parameter
+    `use_size` adds size information to the beginning of a container and
+    removes the closing marker. Parameter `use_type` further checks
+    whether all elements of a container have the same type and adds the
+    type marker to the beginning of the container. The `use_type`
+    parameter must only be used together with `use_size = true`.
+
+    Note that `use_size = true` alone may result in larger representations -
+    the benefit of this parameter is that the receiving side is
+    immediately informed on the number of elements of the container.
+
+!!! info "Binary values"
+
+	If the JSON data contains the binary type, the value stored is a list
+    of integers, as suggested by the UBJSON documentation.  In particular,
+    this means that serialization and the deserialization of a JSON
+    containing binary values into UBJSON and back will result in a
+    different JSON object.
+
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```c
+    --8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.output"
+    ```
+
+## Deserialization
+
+The library maps UBJSON types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+UBJSON type | JSON value type                         | marker
+----------- | --------------------------------------- | ------
+no-op       | *no value, next value is read*          | `N`
+null        | `null`                                  | `Z`
+false       | `false`                                 | `F`
+true        | `true`                                  | `T`
+float32     | number_float                            | `d`
+float64     | number_float                            | `D`
+uint8       | number_unsigned                         | `U`
+int8        | number_integer                          | `i`
+int16       | number_integer                          | `I`
+int32       | number_integer                          | `l`
+int64       | number_integer                          | `L`
+string      | string                                  | `S`
+char        | string                                  | `C`
+array       | array (optimized values are supported)  | `[`
+object      | object (optimized values are supported) | `{`
+
+!!! success "Complete mapping"
+
+	The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any UBJSON value can be converted to a JSON value.
+
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/from_ubjson.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/from_ubjson.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_values.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_values.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e7216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/binary_values.md
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+# Binary Values
+
+The library implements several [binary formats](binary_formats/index.md) that encode JSON in an efficient way. Most of these formats support binary values; that is, values that have semantics define outside the library and only define a sequence of bytes to be stored.
+
+JSON itself does not have a binary value. As such, binary values are an extension that this library implements to store values received by a binary format. Binary values are never created by the JSON parser, and are only part of a serialized JSON text if they have been created manually or via a binary format.
+
+## API for binary values
+
+```plantuml
+class json::binary_t {
+    -- setters --
+    +void set_subtype(std::uint64_t subtype)
+    +void clear_subtype()
+    -- getters --
+    +std::uint64_t subtype() const
+    +bool has_subtype() const
+}
+
+"std::vector<uint8_t>" <|-- json::binary_t
+```
+
+By default, binary values are stored as `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`. This type can be changed by providing a template parameter to the `basic_json` type. To store binary subtypes, the storage type is extended and exposed as `json::binary_t`:
+
+```cpp
+auto binary = json::binary_t({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE});
+auto binary_with_subtype = json::binary_t({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+```
+
+There are several convenience functions to check and set the subtype:
+
+```cpp
+binary.has_subtype();                   // returns false
+binary_with_subtype.has_subtype();      // returns true
+
+binary_with_subtype.clear_subtype();
+binary_with_subtype.has_subtype();      // returns true
+
+binary_with_subtype.set_subtype(42);
+binary.set_subtype(23);
+
+binary.subtype();                       // returns 23
+```
+
+As `json::binary_t` is subclassing `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, all member functions are available:
+
+```cpp
+binary.size();  // returns 4
+binary[1];      // returns 0xFE
+```
+
+JSON values can be constructed from `json::binary_t`:
+
+```cpp
+json j = binary;
+```
+
+Binary values are primitive values just like numbers or strings:
+
+```cpp
+j.is_binary();    // returns true
+j.is_primitive(); // returns true
+```
+
+Given a binary JSON value, the `binary_t` can be accessed by reference as via `get_binary()`:
+
+```cpp
+j.get_binary().has_subtype();  // returns true
+j.get_binary().size();         // returns 4
+```
+
+For convenience, binary JSON values can be constructed via `json::binary`:
+
+```cpp
+auto j2 = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 23);
+auto j3 = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE});
+
+j2 == j;                        // returns true
+j3.get_binary().has_subtype();  // returns false
+j3.get_binary().subtype();      // returns std::uint64_t(-1) as j3 has no subtype
+```
+
+
+
+## Serialization
+
+Binary values are serialized differently according to the formats.
+
+### JSON
+
+JSON does not have a binary type, and this library does not introduce a new type as this would break conformance. Instead, binary values are serialized as an object with two keys: `bytes` holds an array of integers, and `subtype` is an integer or `null`.
+
+??? example
+
+    Code:
+
+    ```cpp
+    // create a binary value of subtype 42
+    json j;
+    j["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+    
+    // serialize to standard output
+    std::cout << j.dump(2) << std::endl;
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+      "binary": {
+        "bytes": [202, 254, 186, 190],
+        "subtype": 42
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+!!! warning "No roundtrip for binary values"
+
+    The JSON parser will not parse the objects generated by binary values back to binary values. This is by design to remain standards compliant. Serializing binary values to JSON is only implemented for debugging purposes.
+
+### BSON
+
+[BSON](binary_formats/bson.md) supports binary values and subtypes. If a subtype is given, it is used and added as unsigned 8-bit integer. If no subtype is given, the generic binary subtype 0x00 is used.
+
+??? example
+
+    Code:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    // create a binary value of subtype 42
+    json j;
+    j["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+
+    // convert to BSON
+    auto v = json::to_bson(j);      
+    ```
+            
+    `v` is a `std::vector<std::uint8t>` with the following 22 elements:
+    
+    ```c
+    0x16 0x00 0x00 0x00                         // number of bytes in the document
+        0x05                                    // binary value
+            0x62 0x69 0x6E 0x61 0x72 0x79 0x00  // key "binary" + null byte
+            0x04 0x00 0x00 0x00                 // number of bytes
+            0x2a                                // subtype
+            0xCA 0xFE 0xBA 0xBE                 // content
+    0x00                                        // end of the document
+    ```
+
+    Note that the serialization preserves the subtype, and deserializing `v` would yield the following value:
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "binary": {
+        "bytes": [202, 254, 186, 190],
+        "subtype": 42
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+### CBOR
+
+[CBOR](binary_formats/cbor.md) supports binary values, but no subtypes. Subtypes will be serialized as tags. Any binary value will be serialized as byte strings. The library will choose the smallest representation using the length of the byte array.
+
+??? example
+
+    Code:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    // create a binary value of subtype 42
+    json j;
+    j["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+
+    // convert to CBOR
+    auto v = json::to_cbor(j);      
+    ```
+            
+    `v` is a `std::vector<std::uint8t>` with the following 15 elements:
+    
+    ```c
+    0xA1                                   // map(1)
+        0x66                               // text(6)
+            0x62 0x69 0x6E 0x61 0x72 0x79  // "binary"
+        0xD8 0x2A                          // tag(42)
+        0x44                               // bytes(4)
+            0xCA 0xFE 0xBA 0xBE            // content
+    ```
+
+    Note that the subtype is serialized as tag. However, parsing tagged values yield a parse error unless `json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` or `json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store` is passed to `json::from_cbor`.
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "binary": {
+        "bytes": [202, 254, 186, 190],
+        "subtype": null
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+### MessagePack
+
+[MessagePack](binary_formats/messagepack.md) supports binary values and subtypes. If a subtype is given, the ext family is used. The library will choose the smallest representation among fixext1, fixext2, fixext4, fixext8, ext8, ext16, and ext32. The subtype is then added as singed 8-bit integer.
+
+If no subtype is given, the bin family (bin8, bin16, bin32) is used.
+
+??? example
+
+    Code:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    // create a binary value of subtype 42
+    json j;
+    j["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+
+    // convert to MessagePack
+    auto v = json::to_msgpack(j);      
+    ```
+            
+    `v` is a `std::vector<std::uint8t>` with the following 14 elements:
+    
+    ```c
+    0x81                                   // fixmap1
+        0xA6                               // fixstr6
+            0x62 0x69 0x6E 0x61 0x72 0x79  // "binary"
+        0xD6                               // fixext4
+            0x2A                           // subtype
+            0xCA 0xFE 0xBA 0xBE            // content
+    ```
+
+    Note that the serialization preserves the subtype, and deserializing `v` would yield the following value:
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "binary": {
+        "bytes": [202, 254, 186, 190],
+        "subtype": 42
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+### UBJSON
+
+[UBJSON](binary_formats/ubjson.md) neither supports binary values nor subtypes, and proposes to serialize binary values as array of uint8 values. This translation is implemented by the library.
+
+??? example
+
+    Code:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    // create a binary value of subtype 42 (will be ignored in UBJSON)
+    json j;
+    j["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+
+    // convert to UBJSON
+    auto v = json::to_msgpack(j);      
+    ```
+            
+    `v` is a `std::vector<std::uint8t>` with the following 20 elements:
+    
+    ```c
+    0x7B                                             // '{'
+        0x69 0x06                                    // i 6 (length of the key)
+        0x62 0x69 0x6E 0x61 0x72 0x79                // "binary"
+        0x5B                                         // '['
+            0x55 0xCA 0x55 0xFE 0x55 0xBA 0x55 0xBE  // content (each byte prefixed with 'U')
+        0x5D                                         // ']'
+    0x7D                                             // '}'
+    ```
+
+    The following code uses the type and size optimization for UBJSON:
+
+    ```cpp
+    // convert to UBJSON using the size and type optimization
+    auto v = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+    ```
+
+    The resulting vector has 23 elements; the optimization is not effective for examples with few values:
+
+    ```c
+    0x7B                                // '{'
+        0x24                            // '$' type of the object elements
+        0x5B                            // '[' array
+        0x23 0x69 0x01                  // '#' i 1 number of object elements
+        0x69 0x06                       // i 6 (length of the key)
+        0x62 0x69 0x6E 0x61 0x72 0x79   // "binary"
+            0x24 0x55                   // '$' 'U' type of the array elements: unsinged integers
+            0x23 0x69 0x04              // '#' i 4 number of array elements
+            0xCA 0xFE 0xBA 0xBE         // content
+    ```
+
+    Note that subtype (42) is **not** serialized and that UBJSON has **no binary type**, and deserializing `v` would yield the following value:
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "binary": [202, 254, 186, 190]
+    }
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/comments.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/comments.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f82029e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/comments.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Comments
+
+This library does not support comments *by default*. It does so for three reasons:
+
+1. Comments are not part of the [JSON specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259). You may argue that `//` or `/* */` are allowed in JavaScript, but JSON is not JavaScript.
+2. This was not an oversight: Douglas Crockford [wrote on this](https://plus.google.com/118095276221607585885/posts/RK8qyGVaGSr) in May 2012:
+
+	> 	I removed comments from JSON because I saw people were using them to hold parsing directives, a practice which would have destroyed interoperability.  I know that the lack of comments makes some people sad, but it shouldn't. 
+
+	> 	Suppose you are using JSON to keep configuration files, which you would like to annotate. Go ahead and insert all the comments you like. Then pipe it through JSMin before handing it to your JSON parser.
+
+3. It is dangerous for interoperability if some libraries would add comment support while others don't. Please check [The Harmful Consequences of the Robustness Principle](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-iab-protocol-maintenance-01) on this.
+
+However, you can pass set parameter `ignore_comments` to `#!c true` in the parse function to ignore `//` or `/* */` comments. Comments will then be treated as whitespace.
+
+!!! example
+
+    Consider the following JSON with comments.
+
+    ```json
+    {
+        // update in 2006: removed Pluto
+        "planets": ["Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars",
+                    "Jupiter", "Uranus", "Neptune" /*, "Pluto" */]
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    When calling `parse` without additional argument, a parse error exception is thrown. If `skip_comments` is set to `#! true`, the comments are skipped during parsing:
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include "json.hpp"
+    
+    using json = nlohmann::json;
+    
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::string s = R"(
+        {
+            // update in 2006: removed Pluto
+            "planets": ["Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars",
+                        "Jupiter", "Uranus", "Neptune" /*, "Pluto" */]
+        }
+        )";
+        
+        try
+        {
+            json j = json::parse(s);
+        }
+        catch (json::exception &e)
+        {
+            std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        json j = json::parse(s,
+                             /* callback */ nullptr,
+                             /* allow exceptions */ true,
+                             /* skip_comments */ true);
+        std::cout << j.dump(2) << '\n';
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+    
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 3, column 9:
+    syntax error while parsing object key - invalid literal;
+    last read: '<U+000A>    {<U+000A>        /'; expected string literal
+    ```
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+      "planets": [
+        "Mercury",
+        "Venus",
+        "Earth",
+        "Mars",
+        "Jupiter",
+        "Uranus",
+        "Neptune"
+      ]
+    }
+    ```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/checked_access.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/checked_access.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19c7525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/checked_access.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Checked access: at
+
+## Overview
+
+The `#!cpp at()` member function performs checked access; that is, it returns a reference to the desired value if it exists and throws a [`basic_json::out_of_range` exception](../../home/exceptions.md#out-of-range) otherwise.
+
+??? example
+
+    Consider the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "Mary Smith",
+        "age": 42,
+        "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Assume the value is parsed to a `json` variable `j`.
+
+    | expression | value |
+    | ---------- | ----- |
+    | `#!cpp j`  | `#!json {"name": "Mary Smith", "age": 42, "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]}` |
+    | `#!cpp j.at("name")`  | `#!json "Mary Smith"` |
+    | `#!cpp j.at("age")`  | `#!json 42` |
+    | `#!cpp j.at("hobbies")`  | `#!json ["hiking", "reading"]` |
+    | `#!cpp j.at("hobbies").at(0)`  | `#!json "hiking"` |
+    | `#!cpp j.at("hobbies").at(1)`  | `#!json "reading"` |
+
+The return value is a reference, so it can be modify the original value.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    j.at("name") = "John Smith";
+    ```
+    
+    This code produces the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "John Smith",
+        "age": 42,
+        "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]
+    }
+    ```
+
+When accessing an invalid index (i.e., an index greater than or equal to the array size) or the passed object key is non-existing, an exception is thrown.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    j.at("hobbies").at(3) = "cooking";
+    ```
+    
+    This code produces the following exception:
+    
+    ```
+    [json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range
+    ```
+
+## Notes
+
+
+!!! failure "Exceptions"
+
+    - `at` can only be used with objects (with a string argument) or with arrays (with a numeric argument). For other types, a [`basic_json::type_error`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) is thrown.
+    - [`basic_json::out_of_range` exception](../../home/exceptions.md#out-of-range) exceptions are thrown if the provided key is not found in an object or the provided index is invalid.
+
+## Summary
+
+| scenario | non-const value | const value |
+| -------- | ------------- | ----------- |
+| access to existing object key | reference to existing value is returned | const reference to existing value is returned |
+| access to valid array index | reference to existing value is returned | const reference to existing value is returned |
+| access to non-existing object key | `basic_json::out_of_range` exception is thrown | `basic_json::out_of_range` exception is thrown |
+| access to invalid array index | `basic_json::out_of_range` exception is thrown | `basic_json::out_of_range` exception is thrown |
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/default_value.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/default_value.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02b4fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/default_value.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Access with default value: value
+
+## Overview
+
+In many situations such as configuration files, missing values are not exceptional, but may be treated as if a default value was present.
+
+??? example
+
+    Consider the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "logOutput": "result.log",
+        "append": true
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Assume the value is parsed to a `json` variable `j`.
+
+    | expression | value |
+    | ---------- | ----- |
+    | `#!cpp j`  | `#!json {"logOutput": "result.log", "append": true}` |
+    | `#!cpp j.value("logOutput", "logfile.log")`  | `#!json "result.log"` |
+    | `#!cpp j.value("append", true)`  | `#!json true` |
+    | `#!cpp j.value("append", false)`  | `#!json true` |
+    | `#!cpp j.value("logLevel", "verbose")`  | `#!json "verbose"` |
+
+## Note
+
+!!! failure "Exceptions"
+
+    - `value` can only be used with objects. For other types, a [`basic_json::type_error`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error306) is thrown.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1755fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Overview
+
+There are many ways elements in a JSON value can be accessed:
+
+- unchecked access via [`operator[]`](unchecked_access.md)
+- checked access via [`at`](checked_access.md)
+- access with default value via [`value`](default_value.md)
+- iterators
+- JSON pointers
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/unchecked_access.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/unchecked_access.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff7f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/element_access/unchecked_access.md
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Unchecked access: operator[]
+
+## Overview
+
+Elements in a JSON object and a JSON array can be accessed via `#!cpp operator[]` similar to a `#!cpp std::map` and a `#!cpp std::vector`, respectively.
+
+??? example
+
+    Consider the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "Mary Smith",
+        "age": 42,
+        "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Assume the value is parsed to a `json` variable `j`.
+
+    | expression | value |
+    | ---------- | ----- |
+    | `#!cpp j`  | `#!json {"name": "Mary Smith", "age": 42, "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]}` |
+    | `#!cpp j["name"]`  | `#!json "Mary Smith"` |
+    | `#!cpp j["age"]`  | `#!json 42` |
+    | `#!cpp j["hobbies"]`  | `#!json ["hiking", "reading"]` |
+    | `#!cpp j["hobbies"][0]`  | `#!json "hiking"` |
+    | `#!cpp j["hobbies"][1]`  | `#!json "reading"` |
+
+The return value is a reference, so it can be modify the original value. In case the passed object key is non-existing, a `#!json null` value is inserted which can be immediately be overwritten.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    j["name"] = "John Smith";
+    j["maidenName"] = "Jones";
+    ```
+    
+    This code produces the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "John Smith",
+        "maidenName": "Jones",
+        "age": 42,
+        "hobbies": ["hiking", "reading"]
+    }
+    ```
+
+When accessing an invalid index (i.e., an index greater than or equal to the array size), the JSON array is resized such that the passed index is the new maximal index. Intermediate values are filled with `#!json null`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    j["hobbies"][0] = "running";
+    j["hobbies"][3] = "cooking";
+    ```
+    
+    This code produces the following JSON value:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "John Smith",
+        "maidenName": "Jones",
+        "age": 42,
+        "hobbies": ["running", "reading", null, "cooking"]
+    }
+    ```
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! info "Design rationale"
+
+    The library behaves differently to `#!cpp std::vector` and `#!cpp std::map`:
+    
+    - `#!cpp std::vector::operator[]` never inserts a new element.
+    - `#!cpp std::map::operator[]` is not available for const values.
+    
+    The type `#!cpp json` wraps all JSON value types. It would be impossible to remove `operator[]` for const objects. At the same time, inserting elements for non-const objects is really convenient as it avoids awkward `insert` calls. To this end, we decided to have an inserting non-const behavior for both arrays and objects.
+
+!!! info
+
+    The access is unchecked. In case the passed object key does not exist or the passed array index is invalid, no exception is thrown.
+
+!!! danger
+
+    - It is **undefined behavior** to access a const object with a non-existing key.
+    - It is **undefined behavior** to access a const array with an invalid index.
+    - In debug mode, an **assertion** will fire in both cases. You can disable assertions by defining the preprocessor symbol `#!cpp NDEBUG` or redefine the macro [`JSON_ASSERT(x)`](../macros.md#json_assertx).
+
+!!! failure "Exceptions"
+
+    `operator[]` can only be used with objects (with a string argument) or with arrays (with a numeric argument). For other types, a [`basic_json::type_error`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) is thrown.
+
+## Summary
+
+| scenario | non-const value | const value |
+| -------- | ------------- | ----------- |
+| access to existing object key | reference to existing value is returned | const reference to existing value is returned |
+| access to valid array index | reference to existing value is returned | const reference to existing value is returned |
+| access to non-existing object key | reference to newly inserted `#!json null` value is returned | **undefined behavior**; assertion in debug mode |
+| access to invalid array index | reference to newly inserted `#!json null` value is returned; any index between previous maximal index and passed index are filled with `#!json null` | **undefined behavior**; assertion in debug mode |
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/enum_conversion.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/enum_conversion.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c1bb80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/enum_conversion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Specializing enum conversion
+
+By default, enum values are serialized to JSON as integers. In some cases this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to JSON, the later de-serialized JSON data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended.
+
+It is possible to more precisely specify how a given enum is mapped to and from JSON as shown below:
+
+```cpp
+// example enum type declaration
+enum TaskState {
+    TS_STOPPED,
+    TS_RUNNING,
+    TS_COMPLETED,
+    TS_INVALID=-1,
+};
+
+// map TaskState values to JSON as strings
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM( TaskState, {
+    {TS_INVALID, nullptr},
+    {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"},
+    {TS_RUNNING, "running"},
+    {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"},
+})
+```
+
+The `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` macro declares a set of `to_json()` / `from_json()` functions for type `TaskState` while avoiding repetition and boilerplate serialization code.
+
+## Usage
+
+```cpp
+// enum to JSON as string
+json j = TS_STOPPED;
+assert(j == "stopped");
+
+// json string to enum
+json j3 = "running";
+assert(j3.get<TaskState>() == TS_RUNNING);
+
+// undefined json value to enum (where the first map entry above is the default)
+json jPi = 3.14;
+assert(jPi.get<TaskState>() == TS_INVALID );
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+Just as in [Arbitrary Type Conversions](#arbitrary-types-conversions) above,
+
+- `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it and it will default to integer serialization.
+- It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions.
+
+Other Important points:
+
+- When using `get<ENUM_TYPE>()`, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully.
+- If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/iterators.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/iterators.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd9d679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/iterators.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# Iterators
+
+## Overview
+
+A `basic_json` value is a container and allows access via iterators. Depending on the value type, `basic_json` stores zero or more values.
+
+As for other containers, `begin()` returns an iterator to the first value and `end()` returns an iterator to the value following the last value. The latter iterator is a placeholder and cannot be dereferenced. In case of null values, empty arrays, or empty objects, `begin()` will return `end()`.
+
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+
+### Iteration order for objects
+
+When iterating over objects, values are ordered with respect to the `object_comparator_t` type which defaults to `std::less`. See the [types documentation](types/index.md#key-order) for more information.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    // create JSON object {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+    json j;
+    j["one"] = 1;
+    j["two"] = 2;
+    j["three"] = 3;
+    
+    for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    1
+    3
+    2
+    ```
+    
+    The reason for the order is the lexicographic ordering of the object keys "one", "three", "two".
+
+### Access object key during iteration
+
+The JSON iterators have two member functions, `key()` and `value()` to access the object key and stored value, respectively. When calling `key()` on a non-object iterator, an [invalid_iterator.207](../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207) exception is thrown.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    // create JSON object {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+    json j;
+    j["one"] = 1;
+    j["two"] = 2;
+    j["three"] = 3;
+    
+    for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << it.key() << " : " << it.value() << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    one : 1
+    three : 3
+    two : 2
+    ```
+
+### Range-based for loops
+
+C++11 allows to use range-based for loops to iterate over a container.
+
+```cpp
+for (auto it : j_object)
+{
+    // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+    std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+For this reason, the `items()` function allows to access `iterator::key()` and `iterator::value()` during range-based for loops. In these loops, a reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the underlying iterator.
+
+```cpp
+for (auto& el : j_object.items())
+{
+    std::cout << "key: " << el.key() << ", value:" << el.value() << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+The items() function also allows to use structured bindings (C++17):
+
+```cpp
+for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
+{
+    std::cout << "key: " << key << ", value:" << val << '\n';
+}
+```
+
+!!! note
+
+    When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the element as string. For primitive types (e.g., numbers), `key()` returns an empty string.
+    
+!!! warning
+
+    Using `items()` on temporary objects is dangerous. Make sure the object's lifetime exeeds the iteration. See <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2040> for more information.
+
+### Reverse iteration order
+
+`rbegin()` and `rend()` return iterators in the reverse sequence.
+    
+![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+    for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    4
+    3
+    2
+    1
+    ```
+
+### Iterating strings and binary values
+
+Note that "value" means a JSON value in this setting, not values stored in the underlying containers. That is, `*begin()` returns the complete string or binary array and is also safe the underlying string or binary array is empty.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    json j = "Hello, world";
+    for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    "Hello, world"
+    ```
+
+## Iterator invalidation
+
+| Operations | invalidated iterators |
+| ---------- | --------------------- |
+| `clear`    | all                   |
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_patch.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_patch.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24cebdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_patch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# JSON Patch and Diff
+
+## Patches
+
+JSON Patch ([RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)) defines a JSON document structure for expressing a sequence of operations to apply to a JSON) document. With the `patch` function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by executing all operations from the patch.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON patch is applied to a value.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/patch.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/patch.output"
+    ```
+
+## Diff
+
+The library can also calculate a JSON patch (i.e., a **diff**) given two JSON values.
+
+!!! success "Invariant"
+
+    For two JSON values *source* and *target*, the following code yields always true:
+
+    ```cüü
+    source.patch(diff(source, target)) == target;
+    ```
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON patch is created as a diff for two JSON values.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/diff.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/diff.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_pointer.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_pointer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b95c5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/json_pointer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# JSON Pointer
+
+The library supports **JSON Pointer** ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) as alternative means to address structured values.
+
+```cpp
+// a JSON value
+json j_original = R"({
+  "baz": ["one", "two", "three"],
+  "foo": "bar"
+})"_json;
+
+// access members with a JSON pointer (RFC 6901)
+j_original["/baz/1"_json_pointer];
+// "two"
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/macros.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/macros.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b10ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/macros.md
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Supported Macros
+
+Some aspects of the library can be configured by defining preprocessor macros before including the `json.hpp` header.
+
+## `JSON_ASSERT(x)`
+
+The default value is `#!cpp assert(x)`.
+
+## `JSON_CATCH_USER(exception)`
+
+This macro overrides `#!cpp catch` calls inside the library. The argument is the type of the exception to catch. As of version 3.8.0, the library only catches `std::out_of_range` exceptions internally to rethrow them as [`json::out_of_range`](../home/exceptions.md#out-of-range) exceptions. The macro is always followed by a scope.
+
+See [Switch off exceptions](../home/exceptions.md#switch-off-exceptions) for an example.
+
+## `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`
+
+This macro enables extended diagnostics for exception messages. Possible values are `1` to enable or `0` to disable (default).
+
+When enabled, exception messages contain a [JSON Pointer](json_pointer.md) to the JSON value that triggered the exception, see [Extended diagnostic messages](../home/exceptions.md#extended-diagnostic-messages) for an example. Note that enabling this macro increases the size of every JSON value by one pointer and adds some runtime overhead.
+
+The diagnostics messages can also be controlled with the CMake option `JSON_Diagnostics` (`OFF` by default) which sets `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` accordingly.
+
+## `JSON_HAS_CPP_11`, `JSON_HAS_CPP_14`, `JSON_HAS_CPP_17`, `JSON_HAS_CPP_20`
+
+The library targets C++11, but also supports some features introduced in later C++ versions (e.g., `std::string_view` support for C++17). For these new features, the library implements some preprocessor checks to determine the C++ standard. By defining any of these symbols, the internal check is overridden and the provided C++ version is unconditionally assumed. This can be helpful for compilers that only implement parts of the standard and would be detected incorrectly.
+
+## `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`
+
+Exceptions can be switched off by defining the symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`.
+When defining `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`, `#!cpp try` is replaced by `#!cpp if (true)`, 
+`#!cpp catch` is replaced by `#!cpp if (false)`, and `#!cpp throw` is replaced by `#!cpp std::abort()`.
+
+The same effect is achieved by setting the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions`.
+
+Note the explanatory [`what()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception/what) string of exceptions is not available for MSVC if exceptions are disabled, see [#2824](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824).
+
+## `JSON_NO_IO`
+
+When defined, headers `<cstdio>`, `<ios>`, `<iosfwd>`, `<istream>`, and `<ostream>` are not included and parse functions relying on these headers are excluded. This is relevant for environment where these I/O functions are disallowed for security reasons (e.g., Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX)).
+
+## `JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK`
+
+When defined, the library will not create a compile error when a known unsupported compiler is detected. This allows to use the library with compilers that do not fully support C++11 and may only work if unsupported features are not used.
+
+## `JSON_THROW_USER(exception)`
+
+This macro overrides `#!cpp throw` calls inside the library. The argument is the exception to be thrown. Note that `JSON_THROW_USER` should leave the current scope (e.g., by throwing or aborting), as continuing after it may yield undefined behavior.
+
+See [Switch off exceptions](../home/exceptions.md#switch-off-exceptions) for an example.
+
+## `JSON_TRY_USER`
+
+This macro overrides `#!cpp try` calls inside the library. It has no arguments and is always followed by a scope.
+
+See [Switch off exceptions](../home/exceptions.md#switch-off-exceptions) for an example.
+
+## `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`
+
+When defined to `0`, implicit conversions are switched off. By default, implicit conversions are switched on.
+
+??? example
+
+    This is an example for an implicit conversion:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    json j = "Hello, world!";
+    std::string s = j;
+    ```
+    
+    When `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS` is defined to `0`, the code above does no longer compile. Instead, it must be written like this:
+
+    ```cpp
+    json j = "Hello, world!";
+    auto s = j.get<std::string>();
+    ```
+
+Implicit conversions can also be controlled with the CMake option `JSON_ImplicitConversions` (`ON` by default) which sets `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS` accordingly.
+
+## `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(type, member...)`
+
+This macro can be used to simplify the serialization/deserialization of types if (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object.
+
+The macro is to be defined inside of the class/struct to create code for. Unlike [`NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE`](#nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusivetype-member), it can access private members.
+The first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.
+
+See [Simplify your life with macros](arbitrary_types.md#simplify-your-life-with-macros) for an example.
+
+## `NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(type, member...)`
+
+This macro can be used to simplify the serialization/deserialization of types if (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object.
+
+The macro is to be defined inside of the namespace of the class/struct to create code for. Private members cannot be accessed. Use [`NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE`](#nlohmann_define_type_intrusivetype-member) in these scenarios.
+The first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.
+
+See [Simplify your life with macros](arbitrary_types.md#simplify-your-life-with-macros) for an example.
+
+## `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(type, ...)`
+
+This macro simplifies the serialization/deserialization of enum types. See [Specializing enum conversion](enum_conversion.md) for more information.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/merge_patch.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/merge_patch.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84e0ab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/merge_patch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# JSON Merge Patch
+
+The library supports JSON Merge Patch ([RFC 7386](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7386)) as a patch format.
+The merge patch format is primarily intended for use with the HTTP PATCH method as a means of describing a set of modifications to a target resource's content. This function applies a merge patch to the current JSON value.
+
+Instead of using [JSON Pointer](json_pointer.md) to specify values to be manipulated, it describes the changes using a syntax that closely mimics the document being modified.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a JSON Merge Patch is applied to a JSON document.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/merge_patch.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/merge_patch.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/object_order.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/object_order.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86bb253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/object_order.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Object Order
+
+The [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs". As such, an implementation does not need to preserve any specific order of object keys.
+
+The default type `nlohmann::json` uses a `std::map` to store JSON objects, and thus stores object keys **sorted alphabetically**.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include "json.hpp"
+    
+    using json = nlohmann::json;
+    
+    int main()
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["one"] = 1;
+        j["two"] = 2;
+        j["three"] = 3;
+        
+        std::cout << j.dump(2) << '\n';
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "one": 1,
+      "three": 3,
+      "two": 2
+    }
+    ```
+
+If you do want to preserve the **insertion order**, you can try the type [`nlohmann::ordered_json`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2179).
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+    
+    using ordered_json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+    
+    int main()
+    {
+        ordered_json j;
+        j["one"] = 1;
+        j["two"] = 2;
+        j["three"] = 3;
+        
+        std::cout << j.dump(2) << '\n';
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+      "one": 1,
+      "two": 2,
+      "three": 3
+    }
+    ```
+
+Alternatively, you can use a more sophisticated ordered map like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cf59bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Overview
+
+!!! note
+
+    This page is under construction.
+
+## Input
+
+## SAX vs. DOM parsing
+
+## Exceptions
+
+See [parsing and exceptions](parse_exceptions.md).
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879dab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Parsing and Exceptions
+
+When the input is not valid JSON, an exception of type [`parse_error`](../../home/exceptions.md#parse-errors) is thrown. This exception contains the position in the input where the error occurred, together with a diagnostic message and the last read input token. The exceptions page contains a [list of examples for parse error exceptions](../../home/exceptions.md#parse-errors). In case you process untrusted input, always enclose your code with a `#!cpp try`/`#!cpp catch` block, like
+
+```cpp
+json j;
+try
+{
+    j = json::parse(my_input);
+}
+catch (json::parse_error& ex)
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error at byte " << ex.byte << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+In case exceptions are undesired or not supported by the environment, there are different ways to proceed:
+
+
+## Switch off exceptions
+
+The `parse()` function accepts as last parameter a `#!cpp bool` variable `allow_exceptions` which controls whether an exception is thrown when a parse error occurs (`#!cpp true`, default) or whether a discarded value should be returned (`#!cpp false`).
+
+```cpp
+json j = json::parse(my_input, nullptr, false);
+if (j.is_discarded())
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Note there is no diagnostic information available in this scenario.
+
+## Use accept() function
+
+Alternatively, function `accept()` can be used which does not return a `json` value, but a `#!cpp bool` indicating whether the input is valid JSON.
+
+```cpp
+if (!json::accept(my_input))
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Again, there is no diagnostic information available.
+
+
+## User-defined SAX interface
+
+Finally, you can implement the [SAX interface](sax_interface.md) and decide what should happen in case of a parse error.
+
+This function has the following interface:
+
+```cpp
+bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                 const std::string& last_token,
+                 const json::exception& ex);
+```
+
+The return value indicates whether the parsing should continue, so the function should usually return `#!cpp false`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include "json.hpp"
+    
+    using json = nlohmann::json;
+    
+    class sax_no_exception : public nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>
+    {
+      public:
+        sax_no_exception(json& j)
+          : nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>(j, false)
+        {}
+        
+        bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                         const std::string& last_token,
+                         const json::exception& ex)
+        {
+            std::cerr << "parse error at input byte " << position << "\n"
+                      << ex.what() << "\n"
+                      << "last read: \"" << last_token << "\""
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::string myinput = "[1,2,3,]";
+    
+        json result;
+        sax_no_exception sax(result);
+        
+        bool parse_result = json::sax_parse(myinput, &sax);
+        if (!parse_result)
+        {
+            std::cerr << "parsing unsuccessful!" << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        std::cout << "parsed value: " << result << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+    
+    ```
+    parse error at input byte 8
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
+    last read: "3,]"
+    parsing unsuccessful!
+    parsed value: [1,2,3]
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbf8884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Parser Callbacks
+
+## Overview
+
+With a parser callback function, the result of parsing a JSON text can be influenced. When passed to `parse`, it is called on certain events
+(passed as `parse_event_t` via parameter `event`) with a set recursion depth `depth` and context JSON value `parsed`. The return value of the
+callback function is a boolean indicating whether the element that emitted the callback shall be kept or not.
+
+The type of the callback function is:
+
+```cpp
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+using parser_callback_t =
+    std::function<bool(int depth, parse_event_t event, BasicJsonType& parsed)>;
+```
+
+
+## Callback event types
+
+We distinguish six scenarios (determined by the event type) in which the callback function can be called. The following table describes the values
+of the parameters `depth`, `event`, and `parsed`.
+
+parameter `event` | description | parameter `depth` | parameter `parsed`
+------------------ | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------
+`parse_event_t::object_start` | the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | a JSON value with type discarded
+`parse_event_t::key` | the parser read a key of a value in an object | depth of the currently parsed JSON object | a JSON string containing the key
+`parse_event_t::object_end` | the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | the parsed JSON object
+`parse_event_t::array_start` | the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | a JSON value with type discarded
+`parse_event_t::array_end` | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | the parsed JSON array
+`parse_event_t::value` | the parser finished reading a JSON value | depth of the value | the parsed JSON value
+
+??? example
+
+    When parsing the following JSON text,
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+        "name": "Berlin",
+        "location": [
+            52.519444,
+            13.406667
+        ]
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    these calls are made to the callback function:
+    
+    | event          | depth | parsed |
+    | -------------- | ----- | ------ |
+    | `object_start` | 0     | *discarded* |
+    | `key`          | 1     | `#!json "name"` |
+    | `value`        | 1     | `#!json "Berlin"` |
+    | `key`          | 1     | `#!json "location"` |
+    | `array_start`  | 1     | *discarded* |
+    | `value`        | 2     | `#!json 52.519444` |
+    | `value`        | 2     | `#!json 13.406667` |
+    | `array_end`    | 1     | `#!json [52.519444,13.406667]` |
+    | `object_end`   | 0     | `#!json {"location":[52.519444,13.406667],"name":"Berlin"}` |
+
+## Return value
+
+Discarding a value (i.e., returning `#!c false`) has different effects depending on the context in which function was called:
+
+- Discarded values in structured types are skipped. That is, the parser will behave as if the discarded value was never read.
+- In case a value outside a structured type is skipped, it is replaced with `#!json null`. This case happens if the top-level element is skipped.
+
+??? example
+
+    The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with and without callback function.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```json
+    --8<-- "examples/parse__string__parser_callback_t.output"
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/sax_interface.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/sax_interface.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7315348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/sax_interface.md
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# SAX Interface
+
+The library uses a SAX-like interface with the following functions:
+
+```plantuml
+interface json::sax_t {
+    + {abstract} bool null()
+
+    + {abstract} bool boolean(bool val)
+
+    + {abstract} bool number_integer(number_integer_t val)
+    + {abstract} bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val)
+
+    + {abstract} bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s)
+
+    + {abstract} bool string(string_t& val)
+    + {abstract} bool binary(binary_t& val)
+
+    + {abstract} bool start_object(std::size_t elements)
+    + {abstract} bool end_object()
+    + {abstract} bool start_array(std::size_t elements)
+    + {abstract} bool end_array()
+    + {abstract} bool key(string_t& val)
+
+    + {abstract} bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const json::exception& ex)
+}
+```
+
+```cpp
+// called when null is parsed
+bool null();
+
+// called when a boolean is parsed; value is passed
+bool boolean(bool val);
+
+// called when a signed or unsigned integer number is parsed; value is passed
+bool number_integer(number_integer_t val);
+bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val);
+
+// called when a floating-point number is parsed; value and original string is passed
+bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s);
+
+// called when a string is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool string(string_t& val);
+// called when a binary value is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool binary(binary& val);
+
+// called when an object or array begins or ends, resp. The number of elements is passed (or -1 if not known)
+bool start_object(std::size_t elements);
+bool end_object();
+bool start_array(std::size_t elements);
+bool end_array();
+// called when an object key is parsed; value is passed and can be safely moved away
+bool key(string_t& val);
+
+// called when a parse error occurs; byte position, the last token, and an exception is passed
+bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const json::exception& ex);
+```
+
+The return value of each function determines whether parsing should proceed.
+
+To implement your own SAX handler, proceed as follows:
+
+1. Implement the SAX interface in a class. You can use class `nlohmann::json_sax<json>` as base class, but you can also use any class where the functions described above are implemented and public.
+2. Create an object of your SAX interface class, e.g. `my_sax`.
+3. Call `#!cpp bool json::sax_parse(input, &my_sax);` where the first parameter can be any input like a string or an input stream and the second parameter is a pointer to your SAX interface.
+
+Note the `sax_parse` function only returns a `#!cpp bool` indicating the result of the last executed SAX event. It does not return `json` value - it is up to you to decide what to do with the SAX events. Furthermore, no exceptions are thrown in case of a parse error - it is up to you what to do with the exception object passed to your `parse_error` implementation. Internally, the SAX interface is used for the DOM parser (class `json_sax_dom_parser`) as well as the acceptor (`json_sax_acceptor`), see file `json_sax.hpp`.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2da9a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Overview
+
+This page gives an overview how JSON values are stored and how this can be configured.
+
+## Overview
+
+By default, JSON values are stored as follows:
+
+| JSON type | C++ type |
+| --------- | -------- |
+| object    | `std::map<std::string, basic_json>` |
+| array     | `std::vector<basic_json>` |
+| null      | `std::nullptr_t` |
+| string    | `std::string` |
+| boolean   | `bool` |
+| number    | `std::int64_t`, `std::uint64_t`, and `double` |
+
+Note there are three different types for numbers - when parsing JSON text, the best fitting type is chosen.
+
+## Storage
+
+```plantuml
+enum value_t {
+    null
+    object
+    array
+    string
+    boolean
+    number_integer
+    number_unsigned
+    number_float
+    binary
+    discarded
+}
+
+class json_value << (U,orchid) >> {
+    object_t* object
+    array_t* array
+    string_t* string
+    binary_t* binary
+    boolean_t boolean
+    number_integer_t number_integer
+    number_unsigned_t number_unsigned
+    number_float_t number_float
+}
+
+class basic_json {
+    -- type and value --
+    value_t m_type
+    json_value m_value
+    -- derived types --
+    + <u>typedef</u> object_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> array_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> binary_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> boolean_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> number_integer_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> number_unsigned_t
+    + <u>typedef</u> number_float_t
+}
+
+basic_json .. json_value
+basic_json .. value_t
+```
+
+## Template arguments
+
+The data types to store a JSON value are derived from the template arguments passed to class `basic_json`:
+
+```cpp
+template<
+    template<typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class ObjectType = std::map,
+    template<typename U, typename... Args> class ArrayType = std::vector,
+    class StringType = std::string,
+    class BooleanType = bool,
+    class NumberIntegerType = std::int64_t,
+    class NumberUnsignedType = std::uint64_t,
+    class NumberFloatType = double,
+    template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator,
+    template<typename T, typename SFINAE = void> class JSONSerializer = adl_serializer,
+    class BinaryType = std::vector<std::uint8_t>
+>
+class basic_json;
+```
+
+Type `json` is an alias for `basic_json<>` and uses the default types.
+
+From the template arguments, the following types are derived:
+
+```cpp
+using object_comparator_t = std::less<>;
+using object_t = ObjectType<StringType, basic_json, object_comparator_t,
+                   AllocatorType<std::pair<const StringType, basic_json>>>;
+
+using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
+
+using string_t = StringType;
+
+using boolean_t = BooleanType;
+
+using number_integer_t = NumberIntegerType;
+using number_unsigned_t = NumberUnsignedType;
+using number_float_t = NumberFloatType;
+
+using binary_t = nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<BinaryType>;
+```
+
+
+## Objects
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON objects as follows:
+
+> An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs, where a name is a string and a value is a string, number, boolean, null, object, or array.
+
+### Default type
+
+With the default values for *ObjectType* (`std::map`), *StringType* (`std::string`), and *AllocatorType* (`std::allocator`), the default value for `object_t` is:
+
+```cpp
+std::map<
+  std::string, // key_type
+  basic_json, // value_type
+  std::less<>, // key_compare
+  std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
+>
+```
+
+### Behavior
+
+The choice of `object_t` influences the behavior of the JSON class. With the default type, objects have the following behavior:
+
+- When all names are unique, objects will be interoperable in the sense that all software implementations receiving that object will agree on the name-value mappings.
+- When the names within an object are not unique, it is unspecified which one of the values for a given key will be chosen. For instance, `#!json {"key": 2, "key": 1}` could be equal to either `#!json {"key": 1}` or `#!json {"key": 2}`.
+- Internally, name/value pairs are stored in lexicographical order of the names. Objects will also be serialized (see `dump`) in this order. For instance, both `#!json {"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be stored and serialized as `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}`.
+- When comparing objects, the order of the name/value pairs is irrelevant. This makes objects interoperable in the sense that they will not be affected by these differences. For instance, `#!json {"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `#!json {"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be treated as equal.
+
+### Key order
+
+The order name/value pairs are added to the object is *not* preserved by the library. Therefore, iterating an object may return name/value pairs in a different order than they were originally stored. In fact, keys will be traversed in alphabetical order as `std::map` with `std::less` is used by default. Please note this behavior conforms to [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259), because any order implements the specified "unordered" nature of JSON objects.
+
+### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+
+> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+In this class, the object's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained. However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the `max_size` function of a JSON object.
+
+### Storage
+
+Objects are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to object values, a pointer of type `object_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+
+## Arrays
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON arrays as follows:
+
+> An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
+
+### Default type
+
+With the default values for *ArrayType* (`std::vector`) and *AllocatorType* (`std::allocator`), the default value for `array_t` is:
+
+```cpp
+std::vector<
+  basic_json, // value_type
+  std::allocator<basic_json> // allocator_type
+>
+```
+
+### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+
+> An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+In this class, the array's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained. However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the `max_size` function of a JSON array.
+
+### Storage
+
+Arrays are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to array values, a pointer of type `array_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+
+## Strings
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON strings as follows:
+
+> A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters.
+
+Unicode values are split by the JSON class into byte-sized characters during deserialization.
+
+### Default type
+
+With the default values for *StringType* (`std::string`), the default value for `string_t` is `#!cpp std::string`.
+
+### Encoding
+
+Strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding. Therefore, functions like `std::string::size()` or `std::string::length()` return the number of **bytes** in the string rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+
+### String comparison
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+
+> Software implementations are typically required to test names of object members for equality. Implementations that transform the textual representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then perform the comparison numerically, code unit by code unit, are interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree in all cases on equality or inequality of two strings. For example, implementations that compare strings with escaped characters unconverted may incorrectly find that `"a\\b"` and `"a\u005Cb"` are not equal.
+
+This implementation is interoperable as it does compare strings code unit by code unit.
+
+### Storage
+
+String values are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any access to string values, a pointer of type `string_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+
+## Booleans
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) implicitly describes a boolean as a type which differentiates the two literals `true` and `false`.
+
+### Default type
+
+With the default values for *BooleanType* (`#!cpp bool`), the default value for `boolean_t` is `#!cpp bool`.
+
+### Storage
+
+Boolean values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
+
+## Numbers
+
+See the [number handling](number_handling.md) article for a detailed discussion on how numbers are handled by this library.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+
+> The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
+
+This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers. However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number. Therefore, three different types, `number_integer_t`, `number_unsigned_t`, and `number_float_t` are used.
+
+### Default types
+
+With the default values for *NumberIntegerType* (`std::int64_t`), the default value for `number_integer_t` is `std::int64_t`.
+With the default values for *NumberUnsignedType* (`std::uint64_t`), the default value for `number_unsigned_t` is `std::uint64_t`.
+With the default values for *NumberFloatType* (`#!cpp double`), the default value for `number_float_t` is `#!cpp double`.
+
+### Default behavior
+
+- The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead, leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++ integer literal `#!c 010` will be serialized to `#!c 8`. During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+- Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `#!json null`.
+
+### Limits
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+
+> An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be stored is `#!c 9223372036854775807` (`INT64_MAX`) and the minimal integer number that can be stored is `#!c -9223372036854775808` (`INT64_MIN`). Integer numbers that are out of range will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be automatically be stored as `number_unsigned_t` or `number_float_t`.
+
+When the default type is used, the maximal unsigned integer number that can be stored is `#!c 18446744073709551615` (`UINT64_MAX`) and the minimal integer number that can be stored is `#!c 0`. Integer numbers that are out of range will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be automatically be stored as `number_integer_t` or `number_float_t`.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+
+> Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are in the range $[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]$ are interoperable in the sense that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+As this range is a subrange of the exactly supported range [`INT64_MIN`, `INT64_MAX`], this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+
+> This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range and precision of numbers accepted. Since software that implements IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers is generally available and widely used, good interoperability can be achieved by implementations that expect no more precision or range than these provide, in the sense that implementations will approximate JSON numbers within the expected precision.
+
+This implementation does exactly follow this approach, as it uses double precision floating-point numbers. Note values smaller than `#!c -1.79769313486232e+308` and values greater than `#!c 1.79769313486232e+308` will be stored as NaN internally and be serialized to `#!json null`.
+
+### Storage
+
+Integer number values, unsigned integer number values, and floating-point number values are stored directly inside a `basic_json` type.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/number_handling.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/number_handling.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa8df7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/features/types/number_handling.md
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+# Number Handling
+
+This document describes how the library is handling numbers.
+
+## Background
+
+This section briefly summarizes how the JSON specification describes how numbers should be handled.
+
+### JSON number syntax
+
+JSON defines the syntax of numbers as follows:
+
+!!! quote "[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259#section-6), Section 6"
+
+    The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    programming languages.  A number is represented in base 10 using
+    decimal digits.  It contains an integer component that may be
+    prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may be followed by a
+    fraction part and/or an exponent part.  Leading zeros are not
+    allowed.
+
+    A fraction part is a decimal point followed by one or more digits.
+    
+    An exponent part begins with the letter E in uppercase or lowercase,
+    which may be followed by a plus or minus sign.  The E and optional
+    sign are followed by one or more digits.
+
+The following railroad diagram from [json.org](https://json.org) visualizes the number syntax:
+
+![Syntax for JSON numbers](../../images/json_syntax_number.png)
+
+### Number interoperability
+
+On number interoperability, the following remarks are made:
+
+!!! quote "[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259#section-6), Section 6"
+
+    This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range
+    and precision of numbers accepted.  Since software that implements
+    IEEE 754 binary64 (double precision) numbers [IEEE754] is generally
+    available and widely used, good interoperability can be achieved by
+    implementations that expect no more precision or range than these
+    provide, in the sense that implementations will approximate JSON
+    numbers within the expected precision.  A JSON number such as 1E400
+    or 3.141592653589793238462643383279 may indicate potential
+    interoperability problems, since it suggests that the software that
+    created it expects receiving software to have greater capabilities
+    for numeric magnitude and precision than is widely available.
+    
+    Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and
+    are in the range $[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]$ are interoperable in the
+    sense that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric
+    values.
+
+## Library implementation
+
+This section describes how the above number specification is implemented by this library.
+
+### Number storage
+
+In the default [`json`](../../api/json.md) type, numbers are stored as `#!c std::uint64_t`, `#!c std::int64_t`, and
+`#!c double`,  respectively. Thereby, `#!c std::uint64_t` and `#!c std::int64_t` are used only if they can store the 
+number without loss of  precision. If this is impossible (e.g., if the number is too large), the number is stored as
+`#!c double`.
+
+!!! info "Notes"
+
+    - Numbers with a decimal digit or scientific notation are always stored as `#!c double`.
+    - The number types can be changed, see [Template number types](#template-number-types). 
+    - As of version 3.9.1, the conversion is realized by
+      [`std::strtoull`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtoul),
+      [`std::strtoll`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtol), and
+      [`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof), respectively.
+
+!!! example "Examples"
+
+    - Integer `#!c -12345678912345789123456789` is smaller than `#!c INT64_MIN` and will be stored as floating-point
+      number `#!c -1.2345678912345788e+25`.
+    - Integer `#!c 1E3` will be stored as floating-point number `#!c 1000.0`.
+
+### Number limits
+
+- Any 64 bit signed or unsigned integer can be stored without loss of precision.
+- Numbers exceeding the limits of `#!c double` (i.e., numbers that after conversion via
+[`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof) are not satisfying
+[`std::isfinite`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/isfinite) such as `#!c 1E400`) will throw exception
+[`json.exception.out_of_range.406`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) during parsing.
+- Floating-point numbers are rounded to the next number representable as `double`. For instance
+`#!c 3.141592653589793238462643383279` is stored as [`0x400921fb54442d18`](https://float.exposed/0x400921fb54442d18).
+This is the same behavior as the code `#!c double x = 3.141592653589793238462643383279;`.
+
+!!! success "Interoperability"
+
+    - The library interoperable with respect to the specification, because its supported range $[-2^{63}, 2^{64}-1]$ is
+      larger than the described range $[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]$.
+    - All integers outside the range $[-2^{63}, 2^{64}-1]$, as well as floating-point numbers are stored as `double`.
+      This also concurs with the specification above.
+
+### Zeros
+
+The JSON number grammar allows for different ways to express zero, and this library will store zeros differently:
+
+| Literal | Stored value and type | Serialization |
+| ------- | --------------------- | ------------- |
+| `0`     | `#!c std::uint64_t(0)` | `0`          |
+| `-0`    | `#!c std::int64_t(0)` | `0`           |
+| `0.0`   | `#!c double(0.0)`     | `0.0`         |
+| `-0.0`  | `#!c double(-0.0)`    | `-0.0`        |
+| `0E0`   | `#!c double(0.0)`     | `0.0`         |
+| `-0E0`  | `#!c double(-0.0)`    | `-0.0`        |
+
+That is, `-0` is stored as a signed integer, but the serialization does not reproduce the `-`.
+
+### Number serialization
+
+- Integer numbers are serialized as is; that is, no scientific notation is used.
+- Floating-point numbers are serialized as specified by the `#!c %g` printf modifier with 
+  [`std::numeric_limits<double>::max_digits10`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/numeric_limits/max_digits10)
+  significant digits). The rationale is to use the shortest representation while still allow round-tripping.
+
+!!! hint "Notes regarding precision of floating-point numbers"
+
+    As described above, floating-point numbers are rounded to the nearest double and serialized with the shortest
+    representation to allow round-tripping. This can yield confusing examples:
+
+    - The serialization can have fewer decimal places than the input: `#!c 2555.5599999999999` will be serialized as
+      `#!c 2555.56`. The reverse can also be true.
+    - The serialization can be in scientific notation even if the input is not: `#!c 0.0000972439793401814` will be 
+      serialized as `#!c 9.72439793401814e-05`. The reverse can also be true: `#!c 12345E-5` will be serialized as
+      `#!c 0.12345`.
+    - Conversions from `#!c float` to `#!c double` can also introduce rouding errors:
+        ```cpp
+        float f = 0.3;
+        json j = f;
+        std::cout << j << '\n';
+        ```
+        yields `#!c 0.30000001192092896`.
+
+    All examples here can be reproduced by passing the original double value to
+
+    ```cpp
+    std::printf("%.*g\n", std::numeric_limits<double>::max_digits10, double_value);
+    ```
+
+#### NaN handling
+
+NaN (not-a-number) cannot be expressed with the number syntax described above and are in fact explicitly excluded:
+
+!!! quote "[RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259#section-6), Section 6"
+
+    Numeric values that cannot be represented in the grammar below (such
+    as Infinity and NaN) are not permitted.
+
+That is, there is no way to *parse* a NaN value. However, NaN values can be stored in a JSON value by assignment.
+
+This library serializes NaN values  as `#!js null`. This corresponds to the behavior of JavaScript's
+[`JSON.stringify`](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_json_stringify.asp) function.
+
+!!! example
+
+    The following example shows how a NaN value is stored in a `json` value.
+
+    ```cpp
+    int main()
+    {
+        double val = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+        std::cout << "val=" << val << std::endl;
+        json j = val;
+        std::cout << "j=" << j.dump() << std::endl;
+        val = j;
+        std::cout << "val=" << val << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    output:
+    
+    ```
+    val=nan
+    j=null
+    val=nan
+    ```
+
+### Number comparison
+
+Floating-point inside JSON values numbers are compared with `#!c json::number_float_t::operator==` which is
+`#!c double::operator==` by default.
+
+!!! example "Alternative comparison functions"
+
+    To compare floating-point while respecting an epsilon, an alternative
+    [comparison function](https://github.com/mariokonrad/marnav/blob/master/include/marnav/math/floatingpoint.hpp#L34-#L39)
+    could be used, for instance
+    
+    ```cpp
+    template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, T>::type>
+    inline bool is_same(T a, T b, T epsilon = std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon()) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::abs(a - b) <= epsilon;
+    }
+    ```
+    Or you can self-define an operator equal function like this:
+    
+    ```cpp
+    bool my_equal(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs)
+    {
+        const auto lhs_type lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type rhs.type();
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch(lhs_type)
+            {
+                // self_defined case
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return std::abs(lhs - rhs) <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
+        
+                // other cases remain the same with the original
+                ...
+            }
+        }
+        ...
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    (see [#703](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/703) for more information.)
+    
+!!! note
+
+    NaN values never compare equal to themselves or to other NaN values. See [#514](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/514).
+
+### Number conversion
+
+Just like the C++ language itself, the `get` family of functions allows conversions between unsigned and signed
+integers, and  between integers and floating-point values to integers. This behavior may be surprising.
+
+!!! warning "Unconditional number conversions"
+
+    ```cpp hl_lines="3"
+    double d = 42.3;                          // non-integer double value 42.3
+    json jd = d;                              // stores double value 42.3
+    std::int64_t i = jd.get<std::int64_t>();  // now i==42; no warning or error is produced
+    ```
+
+    Note the last line with throw a [`json.exception.type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302)
+    exception if `jd` is not a numerical type, for instance a string.
+
+The rationale is twofold:
+
+1. JSON does not define a number type or precision (see [#json-specification](above)).
+2. C++ also allows to silently convert between number types.
+
+!!! success "Conditional number conversion"
+
+    The code above can be solved by explicitly checking the nature of the value with members such as
+    [`is_number_integer()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md) or
+    [`is_number_unsigned()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md):
+
+    ```cpp hl_lines="2"
+    // check if jd is really integer-valued
+    if (jd.is_number_integer())
+    {
+        // if so, do the conversion and use i
+        std::int64_t i = jd.get<std::int64_t>();
+        // ...
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // otherwise, take appropriate action
+        // ...
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Note this approach also has the advantage that it can react on non-numerical JSON value types such as strings.
+
+    (Example taken from [#777](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/777#issuecomment-459968458).)
+
+### Determine number types
+
+As the example in [Number conversion](#number_conversion) shows, there are different functions to determine the type of
+the stored number:
+
+- [`is_number()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number.md) returns `#!c true` for any number type
+- [`is_number_integer()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md) returns `#!c true` for signed and unsigned integers
+- [`is_number_unsigned()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md) returns `#!c true` for unsigned integers only
+- [`is_number_float()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_float.md) returns `#!c true` for floating-point numbers
+- [`type_name()`](../../api/basic_json/type_name.md) returns `#!c "number"` for any number type
+- [`type()`](../../api/basic_json/type.md) returns an different enumerator of
+  [`value_t`](../../api/basic_json/value_t.md) for all number types
+
+| function | unsigned integer | signed integer | floating-point | string |
+| -------- | ---------------- | -------------- | -------------- | ------ |
+| [`is_number()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number.md) | `#!c true` | `#!c true` | `#!c true` | `#!c false` |
+| [`is_number_integer()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md) | `#!c true` | `#!c true` | `#!c false` | `#!c false` |
+| [`is_number_unsigned()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md) | `#!c true` | `#!c false` | `#!c false` | `#!c false` |
+| [`is_number_float()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_float.md) | `#!c false` | `#!c false` | `#!c true` | `#!c false` |
+| [`type_name()`](../../api/basic_json/type_name.md) | `#!c "number"` | `#!c "number"` | `#!c "number"` | `#!c "string"` |
+| [`type()`](../../api/basic_json/type.md) | `number_unsigned` | `number_integer` | `number_float` | `string` |
+
+### Template number types
+
+The number types can be changed with template parameters.
+
+| position | number type | default type | possible values |
+| -------- | ----------- | ------------ | --------------- |
+| 5        | signed integers | `#!c std::int64_t` | `#!c std::int32_t`, `#!c std::int16_t`, etc. |
+| 6        | unsigned integers | `#!c std::uint64_t` | `#!c std::uint32_t`, `#!c std::uint16_t`, etc. |
+| 7        | floating-point | `#!c double` | `#!c float`, `#!c long double` |
+
+!!! info "Constraints on number types"
+
+    - The type for signed integers must be convertible from `#!c long long`. The type for floating-point numbers is used
+      in case of overflow.
+    - The type for unsigned integers must be convertible from `#!c unsigned long long`.  The type for floating-point
+      numbers is used in case of overflow.
+    - The types for signed and unsigned integers must be distinct, see
+      [#2573](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2573).
+    - Only `#!c double`, `#!c float`, and `#!c long double` are supported for floating-point numbers.
+
+!!! example
+
+    A `basic_json` type that uses `#!c long double` as floating-point type.
+
+    ```cpp hl_lines="2"
+    using json_ld = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool,
+                                         std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, long double>;
+    ```
+
+    Note values should then be parsed with `json_ld::parse` rather than `json::parse` as the latter would parse
+    floating-point values to `#!c double` before then converting them to `#!c long double`.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/code_of_conduct.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/code_of_conduct.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..770b817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/code_of_conduct.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of experience, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment include:
+
+* Using welcoming and inclusive language
+* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
+* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
+* Focusing on what is best for the community
+* Showing empathy towards other community members
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or advances
+* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic address, without explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
+
+## Our Responsibilities
+
+Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by contacting the project team at mail@nlohmann.me. The project team will review and investigate all complaints, and will respond in a way that it deems appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident. Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other members of the project's leadership.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4, available at [http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4][version]
+
+[homepage]: http://contributor-covenant.org
+[version]: http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/design_goals.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/design_goals.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91b3875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/design_goals.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Design goals
+
+There are myriads of [JSON](https://json.org) libraries out there, and each may even have its reason to exist. Our class had these design goals:
+
+- **Intuitive syntax**. In languages such as Python, JSON feels like a first class data type. We used all the operator magic of modern C++ to achieve the same feeling in your code. Check out the [examples below](#examples) and you'll know what I mean.
+
+- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
+
+- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) best practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289).
+
+Other aspects were not so important to us:
+
+- **Memory efficiency**. Each JSON object has an overhead of one pointer (the maximal size of a union) and one enumeration element (1 byte). The default generalization uses the following C++ data types: `std::string` for strings, `int64_t`, `uint64_t` or `double` for numbers, `std::map` for objects, `std::vector` for arrays, and `bool` for Booleans. However, you can template the generalized class `basic_json` to your needs.
+
+- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set.
+
+See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/exceptions.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/exceptions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a04b60f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/exceptions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+# Exceptions
+
+## Overview
+
+### Base type
+
+All exceptions inherit from class `json::exception` (which in turn inherits from `std::exception`). It is used as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the `basic_json` class. This class can hence be used as "wildcard" to catch exceptions.
+
+```plantuml
+std::exception <|-- json::exception
+json::exception <|-- json::parse_error
+json::exception <|-- json::invalid_iterator
+json::exception <|-- json::type_error
+json::exception <|-- json::out_of_range
+json::exception <|-- json::other_error
+
+interface std::exception {}
+
+class json::exception {
+    + const int id
+    + const char* what() const
+}
+
+class json::parse_error {
+    + const std::size_t byte
+}
+```
+
+### Switch off exceptions
+
+Exceptions are used widely within the library. They can, however, be switched off with either using the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions` or by defining the symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`. In this case, exceptions are replaced by `abort()` calls. You can further control this behavior by defining `JSON_THROW_USER` (overriding `#!cpp throw`), `JSON_TRY_USER` (overriding `#!cpp try`), and `JSON_CATCH_USER` (overriding `#!cpp catch`).
+
+Note that `JSON_THROW_USER` should leave the current scope (e.g., by throwing or aborting), as continuing after it may yield undefined behavior.
+
+??? example
+
+    The code below switches off exceptions and creates a log entry with a detailed error message in case of errors.
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    
+    #define JSON_TRY_USER if(true)
+    #define JSON_CATCH_USER(exception) if(false)
+    #define JSON_THROW_USER(exception)                           \
+        {std::clog << "Error in " << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ \
+                   << " (function " << __FUNCTION__ << ") - "    \
+                   << (exception).what() << std::endl;           \
+         std::abort();}
+    
+    #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+    ```
+
+Note the explanatory [`what()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception/what) string of exceptions is not available for MSVC if exceptions are disabled, see [#2824](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824).
+
+### Extended diagnostic messages
+
+Exceptions in the library are thrown in the local context of the JSON value they are detected. This makes detailed diagnostics messages, and hence debugging, difficult.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/diagnostics_standard.output"
+    ```
+
+    This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value `#!c "12"` and accessing it is further apart.
+
+To create better diagnostics messages, each JSON value needs a pointer to its parent value such that a global context (i.e., a path from the root value to the value that lead to the exception) can be created. That global context is provided as [JSON Pointer](../features/json_pointer.md).
+
+As this global context comes at the price of storing one additional pointer per JSON value and runtime overhead to maintain the parent relation, extended diagnostics are disabled by default. They can, however, be enabled by defining the preprocessor symbol [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../features/macros.md#json_diagnostics) to `1` before including `json.hpp`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended.output"
+    ```
+
+    Now the exception message contains a JSON Pointer `/address/housenumber` that indicates which value has the wrong type.
+
+
+## Parse errors
+
+This exception is thrown by the library when a parse error occurs. Parse errors
+can occur during the deserialization of JSON text, CBOR, MessagePack, as well
+as when using JSON Patch.
+
+Exceptions have ids 1xx.
+
+!!! info "Byte index"
+
+    Member `byte` holds the byte index of the last read character in the input
+    file.
+
+    For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1
+    is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also
+    holds true when reading a byte vector (CBOR or MessagePack).
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `parse_error` exception can be caught.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/parse_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/parse_error.output"
+    ```
+
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.101
+
+This error indicates a syntax error while deserializing a JSON text. The error message describes that an unexpected token (character) was encountered, and the member `byte` indicates the error position.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Input ended prematurely:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at 2: unexpected end of input; expected string literal
+    ```
+
+    No input:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal
+    ```
+
+    Control character was not escaped:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \u0009 or \\; last read: '"<U+0009>'"
+    ```
+
+    String was not closed:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: missing closing quote; last read: '"'
+    ```
+
+    Invalid number format:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E'
+    ```
+
+    `\u` was not be followed by four hex digits:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '"\u01"'
+    ```
+
+    Invalid UTF-8 surrogate pair:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '"\uD7FF\uDC00'"
+    ```
+
+    Invalid UTF-8 byte:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 3, column 24: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte; last read: '"vous \352t'
+    ```
+
+!!! tip
+
+    - Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully openened.
+    - Paste the input to a JSON validator like <http://jsonlint.com> or a tool like [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/).
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.102
+
+JSON uses the `\uxxxx` format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above above 0xFFFF are split into two `\uxxxx` entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate
+    ```
+
+!!! note
+
+    This exception is not used any more. Instead [json.exception.parse_error.101](#jsonexceptionparse_error101) with a more detailed description is used.
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.103
+
+Unicode supports code points up to 0x10FFFF. Code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    parse error: code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid
+    ```
+
+!!! note
+
+    This exception is not used any more. Instead [json.exception.parse_error.101](#jsonexceptionparse_error101) with a more detailed description is used.
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.104
+
+[RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902) requires a JSON Patch document to be a JSON document that represents an array of objects.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.105
+
+An operation of a JSON Patch document must contain exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform. Its value must be one of "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or "test"; other values are errors.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have member 'value'
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have string member 'from'
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation value 'foo' is invalid
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.106
+
+An array index in a JSON Pointer ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) may be `0` or any number without a leading `0`.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.107
+
+A JSON Pointer must be a Unicode string containing a sequence of zero or more reference tokens, each prefixed by a `/` character.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.107] parse error at byte 1: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo'
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.108
+
+In a JSON Pointer, only `~0` and `~1` are valid escape sequences.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.109
+
+A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.110
+
+When parsing CBOR or MessagePack, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: expected end of input; last byte: 0x5A
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.112
+
+Not all types of CBOR or MessagePack are supported. This exception occurs if an unsupported byte was read.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0x1C
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.113
+
+While parsing a map key, a value that is not a string has been read.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0xFF
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack string: expected length specification (0xA0-0xBF, 0xD9-0xDB); last byte: 0xFF
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON char: byte after 'C' must be in range 0x00..0x7F; last byte: 0x82
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.114
+
+The parsing of the corresponding BSON record type is not implemented (yet).
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.114] parse error at byte 5: Unsupported BSON record type 0xFF
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.parse_error.115
+
+A UBJSON high-precision number could not be parsed.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.parse_error.115] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1A
+    ```
+
+## Iterator errors
+
+This exception is thrown if iterators passed to a library function do not match
+the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 2xx.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how an `invalid_iterator` exception can be caught.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.output"
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.201
+
+The iterators passed to constructor `basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)` are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (`first`, `last`) is invalid.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.202
+
+In an [erase](../api/basic_json/erase.md) or insert function, the passed iterator `pos` does not belong to the JSON value for which the function was called. It hence does not define a valid position for the deletion/insertion.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterators first and last must point to objects
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.203
+
+Either iterator passed to function [`erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last`)](../api/basic_json/erase.md) does not belong to the JSON value from which values shall be erased. It hence does not define a valid range to delete values from.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.204
+
+When an iterator range for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to a constructor or an [erase](../api/basic_json/erase.md) function, this range has to be exactly (`begin(),` `end()),` because this is the only way the single stored value is expressed. All other ranges are invalid.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.205
+
+When an iterator for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to an [erase](../api/basic_json/erase.md) function, the iterator has to be the `begin()` iterator, because it is the only way to address the stored value. All other iterators are invalid.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.206
+
+The iterators passed to constructor `basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)` belong to a JSON null value and hence to not define a valid range.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.206] cannot construct with iterators from null
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.207
+
+The `key()` member function can only be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because other types do not have a concept of a key.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators
+    ```
+
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.208
+
+The `operator[]` to specify a concrete offset cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.209
+
+The offset operators (`+`, `-`, `+=`, `-=`) cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.210
+
+The iterator range passed to the insert function are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (`first`, `last`) is invalid.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.210] iterators do not fit
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.211
+
+The iterator range passed to the insert function must not be a subrange of the container to insert to.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.211] passed iterators may not belong to container
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.212
+
+When two iterators are compared, they must belong to the same container.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.213
+
+The order of object iterators cannot be compared, because JSON objects are unordered.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.invalid_iterator.214
+
+Cannot get value for iterator: Either the iterator belongs to a null value or it is an iterator to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but the iterator is different to `begin()`.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value
+    ```
+
+## Type errors
+
+This exception is thrown in case of a type error; that is, a library function is executed on a JSON value whose type does not match the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 3xx.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how a `type_error` exception can be caught.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/type_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/type_error.output"
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.301
+
+To create an object from an initializer list, the initializer list must consist only of a list of pairs whose first element is a string. When this constraint is violated, an array is created instead.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.301] cannot create object from initializer list
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.302
+
+During implicit or explicit value conversion, the JSON type must be compatible to the target type. For instance, a JSON string can only be converted into string types, but not into numbers or boolean types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is null
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is object
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.303
+
+To retrieve a reference to a value stored in a `basic_json` object with `get_ref`, the type of the reference must match the value type. For instance, for a JSON array, the `ReferenceType` must be `array_t &`.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number"
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.304
+
+The `at()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.305
+
+The `operator[]` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.306
+
+The `value()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.307
+
+The [`erase()`](../api/basic_json/erase.md) member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with string
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.308
+
+The `push_back()` and `operator+=` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with string
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.309
+
+The `insert()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with array
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.310
+
+The `swap()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.311
+
+The `emplace()` and `emplace_back()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace() with number
+    ```
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace_back() with number
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.312
+
+The `update()` member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.312] cannot use update() with array
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.313
+
+The `unflatten` function converts an object whose keys are JSON Pointers back into an arbitrary nested JSON value. The JSON Pointers must not overlap, because then the resulting value would not be well defined.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.313] invalid value to unflatten
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.314
+
+The `unflatten` function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Calling `unflatten()` on an array `#!json [1,2,3]`:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.314] only objects can be unflattened
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.315
+
+The `unflatten()` function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers and whose values are primitive.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Calling `unflatten()` on an object `#!json {"/1", [1,2,3]}`:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.315] values in object must be primitive
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.type_error.316
+
+The `dump()` function only works with UTF-8 encoded strings; that is, if you assign a `std::string` to a JSON value, make sure it is UTF-8 encoded.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Calling `dump()` on a JSON value containing an ISO 8859-1 encoded string:
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 15: 0x6F
+    ```
+
+!!! tip
+
+    - Store the source file with UTF-8 encoding.
+    - Pass an error handler as last parameter to the `dump()` function to avoid this exception:
+        - `json::error_handler_t::replace` will replace invalid bytes sequences with `U+FFFD` 
+        - `json::error_handler_t::ignore` will silently ignore invalid byte sequences
+
+### json.exception.type_error.317
+
+The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serialization format (e.g. a raw `true` or `null` JSON object cannot be serialized to BSON)
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Serializing `#!json null` to BSON:
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is null
+    ```
+    Serializing `#!json [1,2,3]` to BSON:
+    ```
+    [json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is array
+    ```
+
+!!! tip
+
+    Encapsulate the JSON value in an object. That is, instead of serializing `#!json true`, serialize `#!json {"value": true}`
+
+## Out of range
+
+This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance in case of array indices or nonexisting object keys.
+
+Exceptions have ids 4xx.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how an `out_of_range` exception can be caught.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/out_of_range.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/out_of_range.output"
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.401
+
+The provided array index `i` is larger than `size-1`.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    array index 3 is out of range
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.402
+
+The special array index `-` in a JSON Pointer never describes a valid element of the array, but the index past the end. That is, it can only be used to add elements at this position, but not to read it.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    array index '-' (3) is out of range
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.403
+
+The provided key was not found in the JSON object.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    key 'foo' not found
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.404
+
+A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    unresolved reference token 'foo'
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.405
+
+The JSON Patch operations 'remove' and 'add' can not be applied to the root element of the JSON value.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    JSON pointer has no parent
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.406
+
+A parsed number could not be stored as without changing it to NaN or INF.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    number overflow parsing '10E1000'
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.407
+
+UBJSON and BSON only support integer numbers up to 9223372036854775807.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    number overflow serializing '9223372036854775808'
+    ```
+
+!!! note
+
+    Since version 3.9.0, integer numbers beyond int64 are serialized as high-precision UBJSON numbers, and this exception does not further occur. 
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.408
+
+The size (following `#`) of an UBJSON array or object exceeds the maximal capacity.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    excessive array size: 8658170730974374167
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.out_of_range.409
+
+Key identifiers to be serialized to BSON cannot contain code point U+0000, since the key is stored as zero-terminated c-string.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    ```
+    BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2)
+    ```
+
+## Further exceptions
+
+This exception is thrown in case of errors that cannot be classified with the
+other exception types.
+
+Exceptions have ids 5xx.
+
+??? example
+
+    The following code shows how an `other_error` exception can be caught.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/other_error.cpp"
+    ```
+    
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/other_error.output"
+    ```
+
+### json.exception.other_error.501
+
+A JSON Patch operation 'test' failed. The unsuccessful operation is also printed.
+
+!!! failure "Example message"
+
+    Executing `#!json {"op":"test", "path":"/baz", "value":"bar"}` on `#!json {"baz": "qux"}`:
+
+    ```
+    [json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/baz","value":"bar"}
+    ```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/faq.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/faq.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6a283b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/faq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
+
+## Known bugs
+
+### Brace initialization yields arrays
+
+!!! question
+
+    Why does
+
+    ```cpp
+    json j{true};
+    ```
+
+    and
+
+    ```cpp
+    json j(true);
+    ```
+
+    yield different results (`#!json [true]` vs. `#!json true`)?
+
+This is a known issue, and -- even worse -- the behavior differs between GCC and Clang. The "culprit" for this is the library's constructor overloads for initializer lists to allow syntax like
+
+```cpp
+json array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+```
+
+for arrays and
+
+```cpp
+json object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}; 
+```
+
+for objects.
+
+!!! tip
+
+    To avoid any confusion and ensure portable code, **do not** use brace initialization with the types `basic_json`, `json`, or `ordered_json` unless you want to create an object or array as shown in the examples above.
+
+## Limitations
+
+### Relaxed parsing
+
+!!! question
+
+	Can you add an option to ignore trailing commas?
+
+This library does not support any feature which would jeopardize interoperability.
+
+
+### Parse errors reading non-ASCII characters
+
+!!! question "Questions"
+
+	- Why is the parser complaining about a Chinese character?
+	- Does the library support Unicode?
+	- I get an exception `[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 53: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte; last read: '"Testé$')"`
+
+The library supports **Unicode input** as follows:
+
+- Only **UTF-8** encoded input is supported which is the default encoding for JSON according to [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html#section-8.1).
+- `std::u16string` and `std::u32string` can be parsed, assuming UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding, respectively. These encodings are not supported when reading from files or other input containers.
+- Other encodings such as Latin-1 or ISO 8859-1 are **not** supported and will yield parse or serialization errors.
+- [Unicode noncharacters](http://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar1) will not be replaced by the library.
+- Invalid surrogates (e.g., incomplete pairs such as `\uDEAD`) will yield parse errors.
+- The strings stored in the library are UTF-8 encoded. When using the default string type (`std::string`), note that its length/size functions return the number of stored bytes rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+- When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5.html#a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5) may throw an exception unless `json::error_handler_t::replace` or `json::error_handler_t::ignore` are used as error handlers.
+
+In most cases, the parser is right to complain, because the input is not UTF-8 encoded. This is especially true for Microsoft Windows where Latin-1 or ISO 8859-1 is often the standard encoding.
+
+
+### Wide string handling
+
+!!! question
+
+    Why are wide strings (e.g., `std::wstring`) dumped as arrays of numbers?
+
+As described [above](#parse-errors-reading-non-ascii-characters), the library assumes UTF-8 as encoding.  To store a wide string, you need to change the encoding.
+
+!!! example
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <codecvt> // codecvt_utf8
+    #include <locale>  // wstring_convert
+    
+    // encoding function
+    std::string to_utf8(std::wstring& wide_string)
+    {
+        static std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> utf8_conv;
+        return utf8_conv.to_bytes(wide_string);
+    }
+    
+    json j;
+    std::wstring ws = L"車B1234 こんにちは";
+    
+    j["original"] = ws;
+    j["encoded"] = to_utf8(ws);
+    
+    std::cout << j << std::endl;
+    ```
+    
+    The result is:
+    
+    ```json
+    {
+      "encoded": "車B1234 こんにちは",
+      "original": [36554, 66, 49, 50, 51, 52, 32, 12371, 12435, 12395, 12385, 12399]
+    }
+    ```
+
+## Exceptions
+
+### Parsing without exceptions
+
+!!! question
+
+    Is it possible to indicate a parse error without throwing an exception?
+
+Yes, see [Parsing and exceptions](../features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md).
+
+
+### Key name in exceptions
+
+!!! question
+
+	Can I get the key of the object item that caused an exception?
+
+Yes, you can. Please define the symbol [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../features/macros.md#json_diagnostics) to get [extended diagnostics messages](exceptions.md#extended-diagnostic-messages).
+
+
+## Serialization issues
+
+
+### Number precision
+
+!!! question
+
+	- It seems that precision is lost when serializing a double.
+	- Can I change the precision for floating-point serialization?
+
+The library uses `std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits10` (15 for IEEE `double`s) digits for serialization. This value is sufficient to guarantee roundtripping. If one uses more than this number of digits of precision, then string -> value -> string is not guaranteed to round-trip.
+
+!!! quote "[cppreference.com](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/numeric_limits/digits10)"
+
+	The value of `std::numeric_limits<T>::digits10` is the number of base-10 digits that can be represented by the type T without change, that is, any number with this many significant decimal digits can be converted to a value of type T and back to decimal form, without change due to rounding or overflow. 
+
+!!! tip
+
+	The website https://float.exposed gives a good insight into the internal storage of floating-point numbers.
+
+See [this section](../features/types/number_handling.md#number-serialization) on the library's number handling for more information.
+
+## Compilation issues
+
+### Android SDK
+
+!!! question
+
+	Why does the code not compile with Android SDK?
+
+Android defaults to using very old compilers and C++ libraries. To fix this, add the following to your `Application.mk`. This will switch to the LLVM C++ library, the Clang compiler, and enable C++11 and other features disabled by default.
+
+```ini
+APP_STL := c++_shared
+NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := clang3.6
+APP_CPPFLAGS += -frtti -fexceptions
+```
+
+The code compiles successfully with [Android NDK](https://developer.android.com/ndk/index.html?hl=ml), Revision 9 - 11 (and possibly later) and [CrystaX's Android NDK](https://www.crystax.net/en/android/ndk) version 10.
+
+
+### Missing STL function
+
+!!! question "Questions"
+
+	- Why do I get a compilation error `'to_string' is not a member of 'std'` (or similarly, for `strtod` or `strtof`)?
+	- Why does the code not compile with MinGW or Android SDK?
+
+This is not an issue with the code,  but rather with the compiler itself. On Android, see above to build with a newer environment.  For MinGW, please refer to [this site](http://tehsausage.com/mingw-to-string) and [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/136) for information on how to fix this bug. For Android NDK using `APP_STL := gnustl_static`, please refer to [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/219).
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/license.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/license.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d359468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/license.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# License
+
+<img align="right" src="https://opensource.org/trademarks/opensource/OSI-Approved-License-100x137.png">
+
+The class is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT):
+
+Copyright &copy; 2013-2021 [Niels Lohmann](https://nlohmann.me)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+* * *
+
+The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2008-2009 [Björn Hoehrmann](http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/) <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
+
+The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
+
+The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/releases.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/releases.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..298c377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/releases.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1225 @@
+# Releases
+
+## v3.7.3
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.3/include.zip) (274 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.3/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.3/json.hpp) (791 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.3/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-11-17
+SHA-256: 3b5d2b8f8282b80557091514d8ab97e27f9574336c804ee666fda673a9b59926 (json.hpp), 87b5884741427220d3a33df1363ae0e8b898099fbc59f1c451113f6732891014 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes a bug introduced in release 3.7.2 which could yield quadratic complexity in destructor calls. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Removed `reserve()` calls from the destructor which could lead to quadratic complexity. #1837 #1838
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+
+## v3.7.2
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.2/include.zip) (274 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.2/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.2/json.hpp) (791 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.2/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-11-10
+SHA-256: 0a65fcbbe1b334d3f45c9498e5ee28c3f3b2428aea98557da4a3ff12f0f14ad6 (json.hpp), 67f69c9a93b7fa0612dc1b6273119d2c560317333581845f358aaa68bff8f087 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+Project [bad_json_parsers](https://github.com/lovasoa/bad_json_parsers) tested how JSON parser libraries react on **deeply nested inputs**. It turns out that this library segfaulted at a certain nesting depth. This bug was fixed with this release. **Now the parsing is only bounded by the available memory.** All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a bug that lead to stack overflow for deeply nested JSON values (objects, array) by changing the implementation of the destructor from a recursive to an iterative approach. #832, #1419, #1835
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+* Added WhiteStone Bolt. #1830
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.7.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.1/include.zip) (273 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.1/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.1/json.hpp) (789 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-11-06
+SHA-256: b5ba7228f3c22a882d379e93d08eab4349458ee16fbf45291347994eac7dc7ce (json.hpp), 77b9f54b34e7989e6f402afb516f7ff2830df551c3a36973085e2c7a6b1045fe (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes several small bugs in the library. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed a segmentation fault when serializing `std::int64_t` minimum value. #1708 #1722
+- Fixed the [`contains()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab23b04802eb9da97dc3f664e54e09cb3.html#ab23b04802eb9da97dc3f664e54e09cb3) function for JSON Pointers. #1727 #1741
+- Fixed too lax SFINAE guard for conversion from `std::pair` and `std::tuple` to `json`. #1805 #1806 #1825 #1826
+- Fixed some regressions detected by UBSAN. Updated CI to use Clang-Tidy 7.1.0. #1716 #1728
+- Fixed integer truncation in `iteration_proxy`. #1797
+- Updated [Hedley](https://github.com/nemequ/hedley) to v11 to [fix a E2512 error](https://github.com/nemequ/hedley/issues/28) in MSVC. #1799
+- Fixed a compile error in enum deserialization of non non-default-constructible types. #1647 #1821
+- Fixed the conversion from `json` to `std::valarray`.
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- The [`items()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) function can now be used with a custom string type. #1765
+- Made [`json_pointer::back`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a213bc67c32a30c68ac6bf06f5195d482.html#a213bc67c32a30c68ac6bf06f5195d482) `const`. #1764 #1769
+- Meson is part of the release archive. #1672 #1694 
+- Improved documentation on the Meson and Spack package manager. #1694 #1720
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- Added GitHub Workflow with `ubuntu-latest`/GCC 7.4.0 as CI step.
+- Added GCC 9 to Travis CI to compile with C++20 support. #1724
+- Added MSVC 2019 to the AppVeyor CI. #1780
+- Added badge to [fuzzing status](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:json).
+- Fixed some cppcheck warnings. #1760
+- Fixed several typos in the documentation. #1720 #1767 #1803
+- Added documentation on the `JSON_THROW_USER`, `JSON_TRY_USER`, and `JSON_CATCH_USER` macros to control user-defined exception handling.
+- Used GitHub's [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CODEOWNERS) and [SECURITY](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/SECURITY.md) feature.
+- Removed `GLOB` from CMake files. #1779
+- Updated to [Doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest) 2.3.5.
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.7.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.0/include.zip) (143 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.0/json.hpp) (782 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.7.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-07-28
+SHA-256: a503214947952b69f0062f572cb74c17582a495767446347ce2e452963fc2ca4 (json.hpp), 541c34438fd54182e9cdc68dd20c898d766713ad6d901fb2c6e28ff1f1e7c10d (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release introduces a few convenience functions and performs a lot of house keeping (bug fixes and small improvements). All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- Add overload of the **[`contains`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab23b04802eb9da97dc3f664e54e09cb3.html#ab23b04802eb9da97dc3f664e54e09cb3) function** to check if a JSON pointer is valid without throwing exceptions, just like its [counterpart for object keys](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9286acdc0578fc66e9346323e69fc0e3.html#a9286acdc0578fc66e9346323e69fc0e3). #1600
+- Add a function **[`to_string`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/namespacenlohmann_a6ce645a0b8717757e096a5b5773b7a16.html#a6ce645a0b8717757e096a5b5773b7a16)** to allow for generic conversion to strings. #916 #1585
+- Add **return value for the [`emplace_back`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_abf29131f898b05aad2c01a9c80e7a002.html#abf29131f898b05aad2c01a9c80e7a002) function**, returning a reference to the added element just like C++17 is [introducing this](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/emplace_back) for `std::vector`. #1609
+- Add info how to use the library with the **[pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman) package manager** on MSYS2. #1670
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix an issue where typedefs with certain names yielded a compilation error. #1642 #1643
+- Fix a conversion to `std::string_view` in the unit tests. #1634 #1639
+- Fix MSVC Debug build. #1536 #1570 #1608
+- Fix [`get_to`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a65753c68f06639eda0d355f919564e01.html#a65753c68f06639eda0d355f919564e01) method to clear existing content before writing. #1511 #1555
+- Fix a `-Wc++17-extensions` warning. `nodiscard` attributes are now only used with Clang when `-std=c++17` is used. #1535 #1551
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- Switch from [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) to **[doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest)** for the unit tests which speeds up compilation and runtime of the 112,112,308 tests.
+- Add an explicit section to the [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md) about the **frequently addressed topics** [character encoding](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#character-encoding), [comments in JSON](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#comments-in-json), and the [order of object keys](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#order-of-object-keys).
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- Use [`GNUInstallDirs`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/module/GNUInstallDirs.html) to set library install directories. #1673
+- Fix links in the [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md). #1620 #1621 #1622 #1623 #1625
+- Mention [`json` type](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/namespacenlohmann_a2bfd99e845a2e5cd90aeaf1b1431f474.html#a2bfd99e845a2e5cd90aeaf1b1431f474) on the [documentation start page](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/index.html). #1616
+- Complete documentation of [`value()` function](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_adcf8ca5079f5db993820bf50036bf45d.html#adcf8ca5079f5db993820bf50036bf45d) with respect to `type_error.302` exception. #1601
+- Fix links in the documentation. #1598
+- Add regression tests for MSVC. #1543 #1570
+- Use **[CircleCI](http://circleci.com)** for [continuous integration](https://circleci.com/gh/nlohmann/json).
+- Use **[Doozer](https://doozer.io)** for [continuous integration](https://doozer.io/nlohmann/json) on Linux (CentOS, Raspbian, Fedora)
+- Add tests to check each CMake flag (`JSON_BuildTests`, `JSON_Install`, `JSON_MultipleHeaders`, `JSON_Sanitizer`, `JSON_Valgrind`, `JSON_NoExceptions`, `JSON_Coverage`).
+- Use [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) to avoid re-inventing several compiler-agnostic feature macros like `JSON_DEPRECATED`, `JSON_NODISCARD`, `JSON_LIKELY`, `JSON_UNLIKELY`, `JSON_HAS_CPP_14`, or `JSON_HAS_CPP_17`. Functions taking or returning pointers are annotated accordingly when a pointer will not be null.
+- Build and run tests on [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json) in DEBUG and RELEASE mode.
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.6.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.1/include.zip) (136 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.1/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.1/json.hpp) (711 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-03-20
+SHA-256: d2eeb25d2e95bffeb08ebb7704cdffd2e8fca7113eba9a0b38d60a5c391ea09a (json.hpp), 69cc88207ce91347ea530b227ff0776db82dcb8de6704e1a3d74f4841bc651cf (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release **fixes a regression and a bug** introduced by the earlier 3.6.0 release. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed regression of #590 which could lead to compilation errors with GCC 7 and GCC 8. #1530
+- Fixed a compilation error when `<Windows.h>` was included. #1531
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- Fixed a warning for missing field initializers. #1527
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.6.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.0/include.zip) (136 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.0/json.hpp) (711 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.6.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2019-03-20
+SHA-256: ce9839370f28094c71107c405affb3b08c4a098154988014cbb0800b1c44a831 (json.hpp), 237c5e66e7f8186a02804ce9dbd5f69ce89fe7424ef84adf6142e973bd9532f4 (include.zip)
+
+ℹ️ **This release introduced a regression. Please update to [version 3.6.1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.6.1)!**
+
+### Summary
+
+This release adds some **convenience functions for JSON Pointers**, introduces a [`contains`](
+http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a0a45fc740637123fdf05fef970f8be47.html#a0a45fc740637123fdf05fef970f8be47) function to check if a key is present in an object, and improves the **performance of integer serialization**. Furthermore, a lot of small bug fixes and improvements have been made. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- Overworked the public interface for JSON Pointers. The creation of JSON Pointers is simplified with [`operator/`](
+http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a90a11fe6c7f37b1746a3ff9cb24b0d53.html#a90a11fe6c7f37b1746a3ff9cb24b0d53) and [`operator/=`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a7395bd0af29ac23fd3f21543c935cdfa.html#a7395bd0af29ac23fd3f21543c935cdfa). JSON Pointers can be inspected with [`empty`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a649252bda4a2e75a0915b11a25d8bcc3.html#a649252bda4a2e75a0915b11a25d8bcc3), [`back`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a6bd5b554c10f15672135c216893eef31.html#a6bd5b554c10f15672135c216893eef31),  and [`parent_pointer`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_afdaacce1edb7145e0434e014f0e8685a.html#afdaacce1edb7145e0434e014f0e8685a), and manipulated with [`push_back`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a697d12b5bd6205f8866691b166b7c7dc.html#a697d12b5bd6205f8866691b166b7c7dc) and [`pop_back`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1json__pointer_a4b1ee4d511ca195bed896a3da47e264c.html#a4b1ee4d511ca195bed896a3da47e264c). #1434
+- Added a boolean method [`contains`](
+http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a0a45fc740637123fdf05fef970f8be47.html#a0a45fc740637123fdf05fef970f8be47) to check whether an element exists in a JSON object with a given key. Returns false when called on non-object types. #1471 #1474
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed a compilation issues with libc 2.12. #1483 #1514
+- Fixed endian conversion on PPC64. #1489
+- Fixed library to compile with GCC 9. #1472 #1492
+- Fixed a compilation issue with GCC 7 on CentOS. #1496
+- Fixed an integer overflow. #1447
+- Fixed buffer flushing in serializer. #1445 #1446
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- The performance of dumping integers has been greatly improved. #1411
+- Added CMake parameter `JSON_Install` to control whether the library should be installed (default: on). #1330
+- Fixed a lot of compiler and linter warnings. #1400 #1435 #1502
+- Reduced required CMake version from 3.8 to 3.1. #1409 #1428 #1441 #1498
+- Added `nodiscard` attribute to `meta()`, `array()`, `object()`, `from_cbor`, `from_msgpack`, `from_ubjson`, `from_bson`, and `parse`. #1433
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- Added missing headers. #1500
+- Fixed typos and broken links in README. #1417 #1423 #1425 #1451 #1455 #1491
+- Fixed documentation of parse function. #1473
+- Suppressed warning that cannot be fixed inside the library. #1401 #1468
+- Imroved package manager suppert:
+	- Updated Buckaroo instructions. #1495
+	- Improved Meson support. #1463
+	- Added Conda package manager documentation. #1430
+	- Added NuGet package manager documentation. #1132
+- Continuous Integration
+	- Removed unstable or deprecated Travis builders (Xcode 6.4 - 8.2) and added Xcode 10.1 builder.
+	- Added Clang 7 to Travis CI.
+	- Fixed AppVeyor x64 builds. #1374 #1414
+- Updated thirdparty libraries:
+	- Catch 1.12.0 -> 1.12.2
+	- Google Benchmark 1.3.0 -> 1.4.1
+	- Doxygen 1.8.15 -> 1.8.16
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.5.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.5.0/include.zip) (133 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.5.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.5.0/json.hpp) (693 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.5.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-12-22
+SHA-256: 8a6dbf3bf01156f438d0ca7e78c2971bca50eec4ca6f0cf59adf3464c43bb9d5 (json.hpp), 3564da9c5b0cf2e032f97c69baedf10ddbc98030c337d0327a215ea72259ea21 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release introduces the support for **structured bindings** and reading from **`FILE*`**. Besides, a few bugs have been fixed. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- **Structured bindings** are now supported for JSON objects and arrays via the [`items()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) member function, so finally this code is possible:
+  ```cpp
+  for (auto& [key, val] : j.items()) {
+      std::cout << key << ':' << val << '\n';
+  }
+  ```  
+  #1388 #1391
+
+- Added support for **reading from `FILE*`** to support situations in which streams are nit available or would require too much RAM. #1370 #1392
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- The `eofbit` was not set for input streams when the end of a stream was reached while parsing. #1340 #1343
+- Fixed a bug in the SAX parser for BSON arrays.
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- Added support for Clang 5.0.1 (PS4 version). #1341 #1342
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- Added a warning for implicit conversions to the documentation: It is not recommended to use implicit conversions when reading **from** a JSON value. Details about this recommendation can be found [here](https://www.github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958).  #1363
+- Fixed typos in the documentation. #1329 #1380 #1382
+- Fixed a C4800 warning. #1364
+- Fixed a `-Wshadow` warning #1346
+- Wrapped `std::snprintf` calls to avoid error in MSVC. #1337
+- Added code to allow installation via Meson. #1345
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.4.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.4.0/include.zip) (132 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.4.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.4.0/json.hpp) (689 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.4.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-10-30
+SHA-256: 63da6d1f22b2a7bb9e4ff7d6b255cf691a161ff49532dcc45d398a53e295835f (json.hpp), bfec46fc0cee01c509cf064d2254517e7fa80d1e7647fea37cf81d97c5682bdc (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release introduces three new features:
+
+- **BSON (Binary JSON)** is next to CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON the fourth binary (de)serialization format supported by the library.
+- **Adjustable error handlers for invalid Unicode** allows to specify the behavior when invalid byte sequences are serialized.
+- **Simplified enum/JSON mapping** with a macro in case the default mapping to integers is not desired.
+
+Furthermore, some effort has been invested in improving the **parse error messages**. Besides, a few bugs have been fixed. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- The library can read and write a subset of **[BSON](http://bsonspec.org/) (Binary JSON)**. All data types known from JSON are supported, whereas other types more tied to MongoDB such as timestamps, object ids, or binary data are currently not implemented. See [the README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson) for examples. #1244 #1320
+- The behavior when the library encounters an invalid Unicode sequence during serialization can now be controlled by defining one of three **Unicode error handlers**: (1) throw an exception (default behavior), (2) replace invalid sequences by the Unicode replacement character (U+FFFD), or (3) ignore/filter invalid sequences. See the [documentation of the `dump` function](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5.html#a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5) for examples. #1198 #1314
+- To easily specify a user-defined **enum/JSON mapping**, a macro `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` has been introduced. See the [README section](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#specializing-enum-conversion) for more information. #1208 #1323
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- fixed truncation #1286 #1315
+- fixed an issue with std::pair #1299 #1301
+- fixed an issue with std::variant #1292 #1294
+- fixed a bug in the JSON Pointer parser
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- The **diagnosis messages for parse errors** have been improved: error messages now indicated line/column positions where possible (in addition to a byte count) and also the context in which the error occurred (e.g., "while parsing a JSON string"). Example: error `parse error at 2: syntax error - invalid string: control character must be escaped; last read: '<U+0009>'` is now reported as `parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \u0009 or \t; last read: '<U+0009>'`. #1280 #1288 #1303
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- improved Meson documentation #1305
+- fixed some more linter warnings #1280
+- fixed Clang detection for third-party Google Benchmark library #1277
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.3.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.3.0/include.zip) (123 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.3.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.3.0/json.hpp) (635 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.3.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-10-05
+SHA-256: f1327bb60c58757a3dd2b0c9c45d49503d571337681d950ec621f8374bcc14d4 (json.hpp), 9588d63557333aaa485e92221ec38014a85a6134e7486fe3441e0541a5a89576 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release adds support for **GCC 4.8**. Furthermore, it adds a function [**`get_to`**](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a8a3db7d78f74232d3a6fb8f1abf69709.html#a8a3db7d78f74232d3a6fb8f1abf69709) to write a JSON value to a passed reference. Another topic of this release was the **CMake support** which has been overworked and documented.
+
+Besides, a lot of bugs have been fixed and slight improvements have been made. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- The library can now also built with **GCC 4.8**. Though this compiler does not fully support C++11, it can successfully compile and run the test suite. Note that bug [57824](https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57824) in GCC 4.8 still forbids to use multiline raw strings in arguments to macros. #1257
+- Added new function [**`get_to`**](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a8a3db7d78f74232d3a6fb8f1abf69709.html#a8a3db7d78f74232d3a6fb8f1abf69709) to write a JSON value to a passed reference. The destination type is automatically derived which allows more succinct code compared to the `get` function. #1227 #1231
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed a bug in the CMake file that made `target_link_libraries` to not properly include `nlohmann_json`. #1243 #1245 #1260
+- Fixed a warning in MSVC 2017 complaining about a constexpr if. #1204 #1268 #1272
+- Fixed a bug that prevented compilation with ICPC. #755 #1222
+- Improved the SFINAE correctness to fix a bug in the conversion operator. #1237 #1238
+- Fixed a `-Wctor-dtor-privacy` warning. #1224
+- Fixed a warning on a lambda in unevaluated context. #1225 #1230
+- Fixed a bug introduced in version 3.2.0 where defining `JSON_CATCH_USER` led to duplicate macro definition of `JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH`. #1213 #1214
+- Fixed a bug that prevented compilation with Clang 3.4.2 in RHEL 7. #1179 #1249
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- Added [documentation on CMake integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#cmake) of the library. #1270
+- Changed the CMake file to use `find_package(nlohmann_json)` without installing the library. #1202
+- Improved error messages in case `operator[]` is used with the wrong combination (json.exception.type_error.305) of JSON container type and argument type. Example: "cannot use operator[] with a string argument". #1220 #1221
+- Added a license and version information to the Meson build file. #1252
+- Removed static assertions to indicated missing `to_json` or `from_json` functions as such assertions do not play well with SFINAE. These assertions also led to problems with GMock. #960 #1212 #1228
+- The test suite now does not wait forever if run in a wrong directory and input files are not found. #1262
+- The test suite does not show deprecation warnings for deprecated functions which frequently led to confusion. #1271
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- GCC 4.8 and Xcode 10 were added to the [continuous integration suite](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) at Travis.
+- Added [lgtm](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/nlohmann/json/context:cpp) checks to pull requests.
+- Added tests for CMake integration. #1260
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+
+## v3.2.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.2.0/include.zip) (124 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.2.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.2.0/json.hpp) (636 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.2.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-08-20
+SHA-256: ce6b5610a051ec6795fa11c33854abebb086f0fd67c311f5921c3c07f9531b44 (json.hpp), 35ee642558b90e2f9bc758995c4788c4b4d4dec54eef95fb8f38cb4d49c8fc7c (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release introduces a [**SAX interface**](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/structnlohmann_1_1json__sax.html) to the library. While this may be a very special feature used by only few people, it allowed to unify all functions that consumed input and created some kind of JSON value. Internally, now all existing functions like `parse`, `accept`, `from_cbor`, `from_msgpack`, and `from_ubjson` use the SAX interface with different event processors. This allowed to separate the input processing from the value generation. Furthermore, throwing an exception in case of a parse error is now optional and up to the event processor. Finally, the JSON parser is now non-recursive (meaning it does not use the call stack, but `std::vector<bool>` to track the hierarchy of structured values) which allows to process nested input more efficiently.
+
+Furthermore, the library finally is able to parse from **wide string types**. This is the first step toward opening the library from UTF-8 to UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+
+This release further fixes several bugs in the library. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New Features
+
+- added a parser with a **SAX interface** (#971, #1153)
+- support to parse from **wide string types** `std::wstring`, `std::u16string`, and `std::u32string`; the input will be converted to UTF-8 (#1031)
+- added support for **`std::string_view`** when using C++17 (#1028)
+- allow to **roundtrip `std::map` and `std::unordered_map`** from JSON if key type is not convertible to string; in these cases, values are serialized to arrays of pairs (#1079, #1089, #1133, #1138)
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- allow to create `nullptr_t` from JSON allowing to properly roundtrip `null` values (#1169)
+- allow compare user-defined string types (#1130)
+- better support for algorithms using iterators from `items()` (#1045, #1134)
+- added parameter to avoid compilation error with MSVC 2015 debug builds (#1114)
+- re-added accidentially skipped unit tests (#1176)
+- fixed MSVC issue with `std::swap` (#1168)
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- `key()` function for iterators returns a const reference rather than a string copy (#1098)
+- binary formats CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON now supports `float` as type for floating-point numbers (#1021)
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- changed issue templates
+- improved continuous integration: added builders for Xcode 9.3 and 9.4, added builders for GCC 8 and Clang 6, added builder for MinGW, added builders for MSVC targeting x86
+- required CMake version is now at least 3.8 (#1040)
+- overworked CMake file wrt. packaging (#1048)
+- added package managers: Spack (#1041) and CocoaPods (#1148)
+- fixed Meson include directory (#1142)
+- preprocessor macro `JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK` can skip the rejection of unsupported compilers - use at your own risk! (#1128)
+- preprocessor macro `JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH`/`JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH_USER` allows to control the behavior of exception handling inside the library (#1187)
+- added note on `char` to JSON conversion
+- added note how to send security-related issue via encrypted email
+- removed dependency to `std::stringstream` (#1117)
+- added SPDX-License-Identifier
+- added updated JSON Parsing Test Suite, described in [Parsing JSON is a Minefield 💣](http://seriot.ch/parsing_json.php)
+- updated to Catch 1.12.0
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+
+
+## v3.1.2
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.2/include.zip) (115 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.2/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.2/json.hpp) (582 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.2/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-03-14
+SHA-256: fbdfec4b4cf63b3b565d09f87e6c3c183bdd45c5be1864d3fcb338f6f02c1733 (json.hpp), 495362ee1b9d03d9526ba9ccf1b4a9c37691abe3a642ddbced13e5778c16660c (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes several bugs in the library. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed a **memory leak** occurring in the parser callback (#1001).
+- Different **specializations of `basic_json`** (e.g., using different template arguments for strings or objects) can now be used in assignments (#972, #977, #986).
+- Fixed a logical error in an iterator range check (#992).
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- The parser and the serialization now support **user-defined string types** (#1006, #1009).
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- **[Clang Analyzer](http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org)** is now used as additional static analyzer; see `make clang_analyze`.
+- Overworked [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md) by adding links to the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) (#981).
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+
+## v3.1.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.1/include.zip) (114 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.1/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.1/json.hpp) (577 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-02-13
+SHA-256: e14ce5e33d6a2daf748026bd4947f3d9686ca4cfd53d10c3da46a0a9aceb7f2e (json.hpp), fde771d4b9e4f222965c00758a2bdd627d04fb7b59e09b7f3d1965abdc848505 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes several bugs in the library. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :bug: Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed parsing of **CBOR strings with indefinite length** (#961). Earlier versions of this library misinterpreted the CBOR standard and rejected input with the `0x7F` start byte.
+- Fixed user-defined **conversion to vector type** (#924, #969). A wrong SFINAE check rejected code though a user-defined conversion was provided.
+- Fixed documentation of the parser behavior for **objects with duplicate keys** (#963). The exact behavior is not specified by [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) and the library now also provides no guarantee which object key is stored.
+- Added check to detect memory **overflow when parsing UBJSON containers** (#962). The optimized UBJSON format allowed for specifying an array with billions of `null` elements with a few bytes and the library did not check whether this size exceeded `max_size()`.
+
+### :hammer: Further Changes
+
+- [Code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) is now calculated for the individual header files, allowing to find uncovered lines more quickly than by browsing through the single header version (#953, #957).
+- A Makefile target `run_benchmarks` was added to quickly build and run the benchmark suite.
+- The documentation was harmonized with respect to the header inclusion (#955). Now all examples and the README use `#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>` to allow for selecting `single_include` or `include` or whatever installation folder as include directory.
+- Added note on how to use the library with the [cget](http://cget.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) package manager (#954).
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+This release does not deprecate any functions. As an overview, the following functions have been deprecated in earlier versions and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) are deprecated. Please use the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) instead.
+- Functions [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3) and [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983) are deprecated. Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.1.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [include.zip](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.0/include.zip) (114 KB)
+    - [include.zip.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.0/include.zip.asc) (1 KB)
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.0/json.hpp) (577 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.1.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2018-02-01
+SHA-256: d40f614d10a6e4e4e80dca9463da905285f20e93116c36d97d4dc1aa63d10ba4 (json.hpp), 2b7234fca394d1e27b7e017117ed80b7518fafbb4f4c13a7c069624f6f924673 (include.zip)
+
+### Summary
+
+This release adds support for the [**UBJSON**](http://ubjson.org) format and [**JSON Merge Patch**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7386). It also contains some minor changes and bug fixes. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### :sparkles: New features
+
+- The library now supports [**UBJSON**](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) as binary format to read and write JSON values space-efficiently. See the [documentation overview](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/binary_formats.md) for a comparison of the different formats CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON.
+- [**JSON Merge Patch**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7386) (RFC 7386) offers an intuitive means to describe patches between JSON values (#876, #877). See the documentation of [`merge_patch`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a0ec0cd19cce42ae6071f3cc6870ea295.html#a0ec0cd19cce42ae6071f3cc6870ea295) for more information.
+
+### :zap: Improvements
+
+- The library now uses the **Grisu2 algorithm** for printing floating-point numbers (based on the reference implementation by Florian Loitsch) which produces a short representation which is guaranteed to round-trip (#360, #935, #936).
+- The **UTF-8 handling** was further simplified by using the decoder of Björn Hoehrmann in more scenarios.
+
+### :truck: Reorganization
+
+- Though the library is released as a single header, its development got more and more complicated. With this release, the header is **split into several files** and the single-header file `json.hpp` can be generated from these development sources. In the repository, folder `include` contains the development sources and `single_include` contains the single `json.hpp` header (#700, #906, #907, #910, #911, #915, #920, #924, #925, #928, #944).
+- The split further allowed for a **forward declaration header** `include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp` to speed up compilation times (#314).
+
+### :hammer: Further changes
+
+- [Google Benchmark](https://github.com/google/benchmark) is now used for micro benchmarks (see `benchmarks` folder, #921).
+- The serialization (JSON and binary formats) now properly work with the libraries string template parameter, allowing for optimized string implementations to be used in constraint environments such as embedded software (#941, #950).
+- The exceptional behavior can now be overridden by defining macros `JSON_THROW_USER`, `JSON_TRY_USER`, and `JSON_CATCH_USER`, defining the behavior of `throw`, `try` and `catch`, respectively. This allows to switch off C++'s exception mechanism yet still execute user-defined code in case an error condition occurs (#938).
+- To facilitate the interplay with [flex](https://github.com/westes/flex) and [Bison](https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/), the library does not use the variable name `yytext` any more as it could clash with macro definitions (#933).
+- The library now defines `NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR`, `NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR`, and `NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH` to allow for conditional compilation based on the included library version (#943, #948).
+- A compilation error with ICC has been fixed (#947).
+- Typos and links in the documentation have been fixed (#900, #930).
+- A compiler error related to incomplete types has been fixed (#919).
+- The tests form the [UTF-8 decoder stress test](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-test.txt) have been added to the test suite.
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+- Function [`iterator_wrapper`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e.html#af1592a06bc63811886ade4f9d965045e) has been deprecated (#874). Since its introduction, the name was up for discussion, as it was too technical. We now introduced the member function [`items()`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd.html#afe3e137ace692efa08590d8df40f58dd) with the same semantics. `iterator_wrapper` will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0).
+
+Furthermore, the following functions are deprecated since version 3.0.0 and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3)
+- [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983)
+
+Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.0.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.0.1/json.hpp) (502 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.0.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2017-12-29
+SHA-256: c9b3591f1bb94e723a0cd7be861733a3a555b234ef132be1e9027a0364118c4c
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes small issues in the implementation of **JSON Pointer** and **JSON Patch**. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### Changes
+
+- :bug: The **"copy" operation of JSON Patch** ([RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)) requests that it is an error if the target path points into a non-existing array or object (see #894 for a detailed description). This release fixes the implementation to detect such invalid target paths and throw an exception.
+- :bug: An **array index in a JSON Pointer** ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) must be an integer. This release fixes the implementation to throw an exception in case invalid array indices such as `10e2` are used.
+- :white_check_mark: Added the [JSON Patch tests](https://github.com/json-patch/json-patch-tests) from Byron Ruth and Mike McCabe.
+- :memo: Fixed the documentation of the [`at(ptr)` function with JSON Pointers](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a8ab61397c10f18b305520da7073b2b45.html#a8ab61397c10f18b305520da7073b2b45) to list all possible exceptions (see #888).
+- :memo: Updated the [container overview documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) (see #883).
+- :wrench: The CMake files now respect the [`BUILD_TESTING`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/CTest.html?highlight=build_testing) option (see #846, #885)
+- :rotating_light: Fixed some compiler warnings (see #858, #882).
+
+### Deprecated functions
+
+:fire: To unify the interfaces and to improve similarity with the STL, the following functions are deprecated since version 3.0.0 and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3)
+- [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983)
+
+Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+## v3.0.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.0.0/json.hpp) (501 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.0.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2017-12-17
+SHA-256: 076d4a0cb890a3c3d389c68421a11c3d77c64bd788e85d50f1b77ed252f2a462
+
+### Summary
+
+<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/159488/34072418-8f5ba396-e287-11e7-9de7-8bc7482ac23c.png" align="right">
+
+After almost a year, here is finally a new release of JSON for Modern C++, and it is a major one! As we adhere to [semantic versioning](https://semver.org), this means the release includes some breaking changes, so please read the next section carefully before you update. But don't worry, we also added a few new features and put a lot of effort into fixing a lot of bugs and straighten out a few inconsistencies.
+
+### :boom: Breaking changes
+
+This section describes changes that change the public API of the library and may require changes in code using a previous version of the library. In section "Moving from 2.x.x to 3.0.0" at the end of the release notes, we describe in detail how existing code needs to be changed.
+
+- The library now uses [**user-defined exceptions**](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9a0aced019cb1d65bb49703406c84970.html#a9a0aced019cb1d65bb49703406c84970) instead of re-using those defined in `<stdexcept>` (#244). This not only allows to add more information to the exceptions (every exception now has an identifier, and parse errors contain the position of the error), but also to easily catch all library exceptions with a single `catch(json::exception)`.
+- When strings with a different encoding as UTF-8 were stored in JSON values, their serialization could not be parsed by the library itself, as only UTF-8 is supported. To enforce this library limitation and improve consistency, **non-UTF-8 encoded strings now yield a `json::type_error` exception during serialization** (#838). The check for valid UTF-8 is realized with code from [Björn Hoehrmann](http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/).
+- **NaN and infinity values can now be stored inside the JSON value** without throwing an exception. They are, however, still serialized as `null` (#388).
+- The library's iterator tag was changed from RandomAccessIterator to **[BidirectionalIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/BidirectionalIterator)** (#593). Supporting RandomAccessIterator was incorrect as it assumed an ordering of values in a JSON objects which are unordered by definition.
+- The library does not include the standard headers `<iostream>`, `<ctype>`, and `<stdexcept>` any more. You may need to add these headers to code relying on them.
+- Removed constructor `explicit basic_json(std::istream& i, const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)` which was deprecated in version 2.0.0 (#480).
+
+### :fire: Deprecated functions
+
+To unify the interfaces and to improve similarity with the STL, the following functions are now deprecated and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0):
+
+- [`friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3.html#ab7285a92514fcdbe6de505ebaba92ea3)
+- [`friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983.html#a9e06deabe69262c3ffc5533d32856983)
+
+Please use [`friend std::istream&  operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8.html#aaf363408931d76472ded14017e59c9e8) and [`friend operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405.html#a5e34c5435e557d0bf666bd7311211405) instead.
+
+### :sparkles: New features
+
+With all this breaking and deprecation out of the way, let's talk about features!
+
+- We improved the **diagnostic information for syntax errors** (#301). Now, an exception [`json::parse_error`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1efc2468e6022be6e35fc2944cabe4d.html#af1efc2468e6022be6e35fc2944cabe4d) is thrown which contains a detailed message on the error, but also a member `byte` to indicate the byte offset in the input where the error occurred.
+- We added a **non-throwing syntax check** (#458): The new `accept` function returns a Boolean indicating whether the input is proper JSON. We also added a Boolean parameter `allow_exceptions` to the existing [`parse`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa9676414f2e36383c4b181fe856aa3c0.html#aa9676414f2e36383c4b181fe856aa3c0) functions to return a `discarded` value in case a syntax error occurs instead of throwing an exception.
+- An [`update`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a1cfa9ae5e7c2434cab4cfe69bffffe11.html#a1cfa9ae5e7c2434cab4cfe69bffffe11) function was added to **merge two JSON objects** (#428). In case you are wondering: the name was inspired by [Python](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update).
+- The [`insert`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a1b0a4e60d56f1fe80501ed941e122892.html#a1b0a4e60d56f1fe80501ed941e122892) function now also supports an iterator range to add elements to an object.
+- The binary exchange formats **CBOR and MessagePack can now be parsed from input streams and written to output streams** (#477).
+- Input streams are now only read until the end of a JSON value instead of the end of the input (#367).
+- The serialization function [`dump`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663.html#a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663) now has two optional parameters `ensure_ascii` to **escape all non-ASCII characters** with `\uxxxx` and an `indent_char` parameter to choose whether to **indent with spaces or tabs** (#654). 
+- Added **built-in type support** for C arrays (#502), `std::pair` and `std::tuple` (#563, #614), `enum` and `enum class` (#545), `std::vector<bool>` (#494). Fixed support for `std::valarray` (#702), `std::array` (#553), and `std::map<std::string, std::string>` (#600, #607).
+
+### :hammer: Further changes
+
+Furthermore, there have been a lot of changes under the hood:
+
+- Replaced the [re2c](http://re2c.org) generated scanner by a self-coded version which allows for a better modularization of the parser and better diagnostics. To test the new scanner, we added millions (8,860,608 to be exact) of unit tests to check all valid and invalid byte sequences of the Unicode standard.
+- Google's OSS-Fuzz is still constantly fuzz-testing the library and found several issues that were fixed in this release (#497, #504, #514, #516, #518, #519, #575).
+- We now also ignore UTF-8 byte order marks when parsing from an iterator range (#602).
+- Values can be now moved from initializer lists (#663).
+- Updated to [Catch](https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2) 1.9.7. Unfortunately, Catch2 currently has some performance issues.
+- The non-exceptional paths of the library are now annotated with `__builtin_expect` to optimize branch prediction as long as no error occurs.
+- MSVC now produces a stack trace in MSVC if a `from_json` or `to_json` function was not found for a user-defined type. We also added a debug visualizer [`nlohmann_json.natvis`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/nlohmann_json.natvis) for better debugging in MSVC (#844).
+- Overworked the documentation and added even more examples.
+- The build workflow now relies on CMake and CTest. Special flags can be chosen with CMake, including coverage (`JSON_Coverage`), compilation without exceptions (`JSON_NoExceptions`), LLVM sanitizers (`JSON_Sanitizer`), or execution with Valgrind (`JSON_Valgrind`).
+- Added support for package managers Meson (#576), Conan (#566), Hunter (#671, #829), and vcpkg (#753).
+- Added CI builders: Xcode 8.3, 9.0, 9.1, and 9.2; GCC 7.2; Clang 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, and 5.0; Visual Studio 2017. The library is further built with C++17 settings on the latest Clang, GCC, and MSVC version to quickly detect new issues.
+
+### Moving from 2.x.x to 3.0.0
+
+#### User-defined Exceptions
+
+There are five different exceptions inheriting from [`json::exception`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9a0aced019cb1d65bb49703406c84970.html#a9a0aced019cb1d65bb49703406c84970):
+
+- [`json::parse_error`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af1efc2468e6022be6e35fc2944cabe4d.html#af1efc2468e6022be6e35fc2944cabe4d) for syntax errors (including the binary formats),
+- [`json::invalid_iterator`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ac13d32f7cbd02d616e71d8dc30dadcbf.html#ac13d32f7cbd02d616e71d8dc30dadcbf) for errors related to iterators,
+- [`json::type_error`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a4010e8e268fefd86da773c10318f2902.html#a4010e8e268fefd86da773c10318f2902) for errors where functions were called with the wrong JSON type,
+- [`json::out_of_range`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a28f7c2f087274a0012eb7a2333ee1580.html#a28f7c2f087274a0012eb7a2333ee1580) for range errors, and
+- [`json::other_error`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a3333a5a8714912adda33a35b369f7b3d.html#a3333a5a8714912adda33a35b369f7b3d) for miscellaneous errors.
+
+To support these exception, the `try`/`catch` blocks of your code need to be adjusted:
+
+| new exception | previous exception |
+|:--|:--|
+| parse_error.101 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.102 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.103 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.104 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.105 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.106 | domain_error |
+| parse_error.107 | domain_error |
+| parse_error.108 | domain_error |
+| parse_error.109 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.110 | out_of_range |
+| parse_error.111 | invalid_argument |
+| parse_error.112 | invalid_argument |
+| invalid_iterator.201 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.202 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.203 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.204 | out_of_range |
+| invalid_iterator.205 | out_of_range |
+| invalid_iterator.206 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.207 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.208 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.209 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.210 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.211 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.212 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.213 | domain_error |
+| invalid_iterator.214 | out_of_range |
+| type_error.301 | domain_error |
+| type_error.302 | domain_error |
+| type_error.303 | domain_error |
+| type_error.304 | domain_error |
+| type_error.305 | domain_error |
+| type_error.306 | domain_error |
+| type_error.307 | domain_error |
+| type_error.308 | domain_error |
+| type_error.309 | domain_error |
+| type_error.310 | domain_error |
+| type_error.311 | domain_error |
+| type_error.313 | domain_error |
+| type_error.314 | domain_error |
+| type_error.315 | domain_error |
+| out_of_range.401 | out_of_range |
+| out_of_range.402 | out_of_range |
+| out_of_range.403 | out_of_range |
+| out_of_range.404 | out_of_range |
+| out_of_range.405 | domain_error |
+| other_error.501 | domain_error |
+
+#### Handling of NaN and INF
+
+- If an overflow occurs during parsing a number from a JSON text, an exception [`json::out_of_range`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a28f7c2f087274a0012eb7a2333ee1580.html#a28f7c2f087274a0012eb7a2333ee1580) is thrown so that the overflow is detected early and roundtripping is guaranteed.
+
+- NaN and INF floating-point values can be stored in a JSON value and are not replaced by null. That is, the basic_json class behaves like `double` in this regard (no exception occurs). However, NaN and INF are serialized to `null`.
+
+#### Removal of deprecated functions
+
+Function `explicit basic_json(std::istream& i, const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr)` should be replaced by the `parse` function: Let `ss` be a stream and `cb` be a parse callback function.
+
+Old code:
+
+```cpp
+json j(ss, cb);
+```
+
+New code:
+
+```cpp
+json j = json::parse(ss, cb);
+```
+
+If no callback function is used, also the following code works:
+
+```cpp
+json j;
+j << ss;
+```
+
+or
+
+```cpp
+json j;
+ss >> j;
+```
+
+## v2.1.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.1.1/json.hpp) (437 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.1.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+Release date: 2017-02-25
+SHA-256: faa2321beb1aa7416d035e7417fcfa59692ac3d8c202728f9bcc302e2d558f57
+
+### Summary
+
+This release **fixes a locale-related bug in the parser**. To do so, the whole number handling (lexer, parser, and also the serialization) have been overworked. Furthermore, a lot of small changes added up that were added to this release. All changes are backward-compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- :bug: Locales that have a different character than `.` as decimal separator (e.g., the Norwegian locale `nb_NO.UTF-8`) led to truncated number parsing or parse errors. The library now has been fixed to work with **any locale**. Note that `.` is still the only valid decimal separator for JSON input.
+- :bug: Numbers like `1.0` were correctly parsed as floating-point number, but serialized as integer (`1`). Now, **floating-point numbers correctly round trip**.
+- :bug: Parsing incorrect JSON numbers with leading 0 (`0123`) could yield a [buffer overflow](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/452). This is fixed now by detecting such errors directly by the lexer.
+- :bug: Constructing a JSON value from a pointer was incorrectly interpreted as a Boolean; such code will now yield a compiler error.
+- :bug: Comparing a JSON number with `0` led to a comparison with `null`. This is fixed now.
+- :bug: All throw calls are now wrapped in macros.
+- :lock: Starting during the preparation of this release (since 8 February 2017), commits and released files are **cryptographically signed** with [this GPG key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc?fingerprint=797167ae41c0a6d9232e48457f3cea63ae251b69). Previous releases have also been signed.
+- :sparkles: The parser for MessagePack and CBOR now supports an optional start index parameter to define a byte offset for the parser.
+- :rotating_light: Some more warnings have been fixed. With Clang, the code compiles **without warnings** with `-Weverything` (well, it needs `-Wno-documentation-unknown-command` and `-Wno-deprecated-declarations`, but you get the point).
+- :hammer: The code can be compiled easier with many Android NDKs by avoiding macros like `UINT8_MAX` which previously required defining a preprocessor macro for compilation.
+- :zap: The unit tests now compile two times faster.
+- :heavy_plus_sign: [Cotire](https://github.com/sakra/cotire) is used to speed up the build.
+- :pencil2: Fixed a lot of typos in the documentation.
+- :memo: Added a section to the README file that lists all used [third-party code/tools](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#used-third-party-tools).
+- :memo: Added a note on constructing a string value vs. parsing.
+- :white_check_mark: The test suite now contains 11202597 unit tests.
+- :memo: Improved the [Doxygen documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) by shortening the template parameters of class `basic_json`.
+- :construction_worker: Removed Doozer.
+- :construction_worker: Added Codacity.
+- :arrow_up: Upgraded Catch to version 1.7.2.
+
+
+## v2.1.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.1.0/json.hpp) (426 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.1.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2017-01-28
+- SHA-256: a571dee92515b685784fd527e38405cf3f5e13e96edbfe3f03d6df2e363a767b
+
+### Summary
+
+This release introduces a means to convert from/to user-defined types. The release is backwards compatible.
+
+![conversion](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/159488/22399173/aebe8f7a-e597-11e6-930f-7494ee615827.png)
+
+### Changes
+- :sparkles: The library now offers an elegant way to **convert from and to arbitrary value types**. All you need to do is to implement two functions: `to_json` and `from_json`. Then, a conversion is as simple as putting a `=` between variables. See the [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#arbitrary-types-conversions) for more information and examples.
+- :sparkles: **Exceptions can now be switched off.** This can be done by defining the preprocessor symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION` or by passing `-fno-exceptions` to your compiler. In case the code would usually thrown an exception, `abort()` is now called.
+- :sparkles: **Information on the library** can be queried with the new (static) function `meta()` which returns a JSON object with information on the version, compiler, and platform. See the [documentation]() for an example.
+- :bug: A bug in the CBOR parser was fixed which led to a buffer overflow.
+- :sparkles: The function [`type_name()`]() is now public. It allows to query the type of a JSON value as string.
+- :white_check_mark: Added the [Big List of Naughty Strings](https://github.com/minimaxir/big-list-of-naughty-strings) as test case.
+- :arrow_up: Updated to [Catch v1.6.0](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch/releases/tag/v1.6.0).
+- :memo: Some typos in the documentation have been fixed.
+
+
+## v2.0.10
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.10/json.hpp) (409 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.10/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2017-01-02
+- SHA-256: ec27d4e74e9ce0f78066389a70724afd07f10761009322dc020656704ad5296d
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes several security-relevant bugs in the MessagePack and CBOR parsers. The fixes are backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- :bug: Fixed a lot of **bugs in the CBOR and MesssagePack parsers**. These bugs occurred if invalid input was parsed and then could lead in buffer overflows. These bugs were found with Google's [OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz), see #405, #407, #408, #409, #411, and #412 for more information.
+- :construction_worker: We now also use the **[Doozer](https://doozer.io) continuous integration platform**.
+- :construction_worker: The complete test suite is now also run with **Clang's address sanitizer and undefined-behavior sanitizer**.
+- :white_check_mark: Overworked **fuzz testing**; CBOR and MessagePack implementations are now fuzz-tested. Furthermore, all fuzz tests now include a round trip which ensures created output can again be properly parsed and yields the same JSON value.
+- :memo: Clarified documentation of `find()` function to always return `end()` when called on non-object value types.
+- :hammer: Moved thirdparty test code to `test/thirdparty` directory.
+
+## v2.0.9
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.9/json.hpp) (406 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.9/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-12-16
+- SHA-256: fbf3396f13e187d6c214c297bddc742d918ea9b55e10bfb3d9f458b9bfdc22e5
+
+### Summary
+
+This release implements with **[CBOR](http://cbor.io)** and **[MessagePack](http://msgpack.org)** two **binary serialization/deserialization formats**. It further contains some small fixes and improvements. The fixes are backwards compatible.
+
+![cbor](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/159488/22399181/d4d60d32-e597-11e6-8dcb-825abcf9ac2a.png)
+
+### Changes
+- :sparkles: The library can now read and write the binary formats **[CBOR](http://cbor.io)** (Concise Binary Object Representation) and **[MessagePack](http://msgpack.org)**. Both formats are aimed to produce a very compact representation of JSON which can be parsed very efficiently. See the  [README file](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#binary-formats-cbor-and-messagepack) for more information and examples.
+- :fire: simplified the iteration implementation allowing to remove dozens of lines of code
+- :bug: fixed an [integer overflow error](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/389) detected by [Google's OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz)
+- :bug: suppressed documentation warnings inside the library to facilitate compilation with `-Wdocumentation`
+- :bug: fixed an overflow detection error in the number parser
+- :memo: updated [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) to a list of frequentely asked features that will most likely be never added to the library
+- :memo:  added a **table of contents** to the [README file](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md) to add some structure
+- :memo: mentioned the many [examples](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples) and the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) in the [README file]()
+- :hammer: split [unit tests](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) into individual independent binaries to speed up compilation and testing
+- :white_check_mark: the test suite now contains **11201886** tests
+
+## v2.0.8
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.8/json.hpp) (360 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.8/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-12-02
+- SHA-256: b70db0ad34f8e0e61dc3f0cbab88099336c9674c193d8a3439d93d6aca2d7120
+
+### Summary
+
+This release combines a lot of small fixes and improvements. The fixes are backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- :bug: fixed a bug that froze the parser if a passed file was not found (now, `std::invalid_argument` is thrown)
+- :bug: fixed a bug that lead to an error of a file at EOF was parsed again (now, `std::invalid_argument` is thrown)
+- :sparkles: the well known functions [`emplace`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a602f275f0359ab181221384989810604.html#a602f275f0359ab181221384989810604) and [`emplace_back`](http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_af8a435033327d9237da414afc1cce513.html#af8a435033327d9237da414afc1cce513) have been added to JSON values and work as expected
+- :zap: improved the performance of the serialization (`dump` function)
+- :zap: improved the performance of the deserialization (parser)
+- :construction_worker: some continuous integration images at [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) were added and retired; see [here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers) for the current continuous integration setup
+- :construction_worker: the [Coverity scan](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json) works again
+- :chart_with_upwards_trend: the benchmarking code has been improved to produce more stable results
+- :memo: the [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md) file has been extended and includes more frequently asked examples
+- :white_check_mark: the test suite now contains 8905518 tests
+- :arrow_up: updated [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) to version 1.5.8
+
+## v2.0.7
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.7/json.hpp) (355 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.7/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-11-02
+- SHA-256: 5545c323670f8165bae90b9dc6078825e86ec310d96cc4e5b47233ea43715bbf
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes a few bugs in the JSON parser found in the [Parsing JSON is a Minefield 💣](http://seriot.ch/parsing_json.html) article. The fixes are backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- The article [Parsing JSON is a Minefield 💣](http://seriot.ch/parsing_json.html) discusses a lot of pitfalls of the JSON specification. When investigating the published test cases, a few bugs in the library were found and fixed:
+  - Files with less than 5 bytes can now be parsed without error.
+  - The library now properly rejects any file encoding other than UTF-8. Furthermore, incorrect surrogate pairs are properly detected and rejected.
+  - The library now accepts all but one "yes" test (y_string_utf16.json): UTF-16 is not supported.
+  - The library rejects all but one "no" test (n_number_then_00.json): Null bytes are treated as end of file instead of an error. This allows to parse input from null-terminated strings.
+- The string length passed to a user-defined string literal is now exploited to choose a more efficient constructor.
+- A few grammar mistakes in the README file have been fixed.
+
+## v2.0.6
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.6/json.hpp) (349 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.6/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-10-15
+- SHA256: 459cc93d5e2f503e50c6d5876eb86bfea7daf405f5a567c5a2c9abc2383756ae
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes the semantics of `operator[]` for JSON Pointers (see below). This fix is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- **`operator[]` for JSON Pointers** now behaves like the other versions of `operator[]` and transforms `null` values into objects or arrays if required. This allows to created nested structues like `j["/foo/bar/2"] = 17` (yielding `{"foo": "bar": [null, null, 17]}`) without problems.
+- overworked a helper SFINAE function
+- fixed some documentation issues
+- fixed the CMake files to allow to run the test suite outside the main project directory
+- restored test coverage to 100%.
+
+## v2.0.5
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.5/json.hpp) (347 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.5/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-09-14
+- SHA-256: 8b7565263a44e2b7d3b89808bc73d2d639037ff0c1f379e3d56dbd77e00b98d9
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes a regression bug in the stream parser (function `parse()` and the `<<`/`>>` operators). This fix is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- **Bug fix**: The end of a file stream was not detected properly which led to parse errors. This bug should have been fixed with 2.0.4, but there was still a flaw in the code.
+
+## v2.0.4
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.4/json.hpp) (347 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.4/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-09-11
+- SHA-256: 632ceec4c25c4e2153f71470d3a2b992c8355f6d8b4d627d05dd16095cd3aeda
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes a bug in the stream parser (function `parse()` and the `<<`/`>>` operators). This fix is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- **Bug fix**: The end of a file stream was not detected properly which led to parse errors.
+- Fixed a compiler warning about an unused variable.
+
+## v2.0.3
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.3/json.hpp) (347 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.3/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-08-31
+- SHA-256: 535b73efe5546fde9e763c14aeadfc7b58183c0b3cd43c29741025aba6cf6bd3
+
+### Summary
+
+This release combines a lot of small fixes and improvements. The release is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- The **parser/deserialization functions have been generalized** to process any contiguous sequence of 1-byte elements (e.g., `char`, `unsigned char`, `uint8_t`). This includes all kind of string representations (string literals, char arrays, `std::string`, `const char*`), contiguous containers (C-style arrays, `std::vector`, `std::array`, `std::valarray`, `std::initializer_list`). User-defined containers providing random-access iterator access via `std::begin` and `std::end` can be used as well. See the documentation ([1](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_ace63ac4eb1dd7251a259d32e397461a3.html#ace63ac4eb1dd7251a259d32e397461a3), [2](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a90f05d55d9d0702c075cd281fd0d85ae.html#a90f05d55d9d0702c075cd281fd0d85ae), [3](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aeffd70f622f8f2a51fd3d95af64b63a7.html#aeffd70f622f8f2a51fd3d95af64b63a7), [4](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa8dca2e91a6301c36890f844e64f0023.html#aa8dca2e91a6301c36890f844e64f0023)) for more information. Note that contiguous storage cannot be checked at compile time; if any of the parse functions are called with a noncompliant container, the behavior is undefined and will most likely yield segmentation violation. The preconditions are enforced by an assertion unless the library is compiled with preprocessor symbol `NDEBUG`.
+- As a general remark on **assertions**: The library uses assertions to preclude undefined behavior. A [prominent example](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289) for this is the `operator[]` for const JSON objects. The behavior of this const version of the operator is undefined if the given key does not exist in the JSON object, because unlike the non-const version, it cannot add a `null` value at the given key. Assertions can be switched of by defining the preprocessor symbol `NDEBUG`. See the [documentation of `assert`](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert) for more information.
+- In the course of cleaning up the parser/deserialization functions, the constructor [`basic_json(std::istream&, const parser_callback_t)`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a32350263eb105764844c5a85e156a255.html#a32350263eb105764844c5a85e156a255) has been **deprecated** and will be deleted with the next major release 3.0.0 to unify the interface of the library. Deserialization will be done by stream operators or by calling one of the `parse` functions. That is, calls like `json j(i);` for an input stream `i` need to be replaced by `json j = json::parse(i);`. Compilers will produce a deprecation warning if client code uses this function.
+- Minor improvements:
+  - Improved the performance of the serialization by avoiding the re-creation of a locale object.
+  - Fixed two MSVC warnings. Compiling the test suite with `/Wall` now only warns about non-inlined functions (C4710) and the deprecation of the constructor from input-stream (C4996).
+- Some project internals:
+  - <img align="right" src="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/assets/questions_page_badge-17b338c0e8528d695d8676e23f39f17ca2b89bb88176370803ee69aeebcb5be4.png"> The project has qualified for the [Core Infrastructure Initiative Best Practices Badge](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289). While most requirements where already satisfied, some led to a more explicit documentation of quality-ensuring procedures. For instance, static analysis is now executed with every commit on the build server. Furthermore, the [contribution guidelines document](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) how to communicate security issues privately.
+  - The test suite has been overworked and split into several files to allow for faster compilation and analysis. The execute the test suite, simply execute `make check`.
+  - The continuous integration with [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) was extended with Clang versions 3.6.0 to 3.8.1 and now includes 18 different compiler/OS combinations.
+  - An 11-day run of [American fuzzy lop](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) checked 962 million inputs on the parser and found no issue.
+
+## v2.0.2
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.2/json.hpp) (338 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.2/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-07-31
+- SHA-256: 8e97b7965b4594b00998d6704465412360e1a0ed927badb51ded8b82291a8f3d
+
+### Summary
+
+This release combines a lot of small fixes and improvements. The release is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- The **parser** has been overworked, and a lot of small issues have been fixed:
+  - Improved parser performance by avoiding recursion and using move semantics for the return value.
+  - Unescaped control charaters `\x10`-`\x1f` are not accepted any more.
+  - Fixed a bug in the parser when reading from an input stream.
+  - Improved test case coverage for UTF-8 parsing: now, all valid Unicode code points are tested both escaped and unescaped.
+  - The precision of output streams is now preserved by the parser.
+- Started to check the **code correctness** by proving termination of important loops. Furthermore, individual assertions have been replaced by a more systematic function which checks the class invariants. Note that assertions should be switched off in production by defining the preprocessor macro `NDEBUG`, see the [documentation of `assert`](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert).
+- A lot of **code cleanup**: removed unused headers, fixed some compiler warnings, and fixed a build error for Windows-based Clang builds.
+- Added some compile-time checks:
+  - Unsupported compilers are rejected during compilation with an `#error` command.
+  - Static assertion prohibits code with incompatible pointer types used in `get_ptr()`.
+- Improved the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/), and adjusted the documentation script to choose the correct version of `sed`.
+- Replaced a lot of "raw loops" by STL functions like `std::all_of`, `std::for_each`, or `std::accumulate`. This facilitates reasoning about termination of loops and sometimes allowed to simplify functions to a single return statement.
+- Implemented a `value()` function for JSON pointers (similar to `at` function).
+- The Homebrew formula (see [Integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#integration)) is now tested for all Xcode builds (6.1 - 8.x) with Travis.
+- Avoided output to `std::cout` in the test cases.
+
+## v2.0.1
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.1/json.hpp) (321 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.1/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-06-28
+- SHA-256: ef550fcd7df572555bf068e9ec4e9d3b9e4cdd441cecb0dcea9ea7fd313f72dd
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes a performance regression in the JSON serialization (function `dump()`). This fix is backwards compatible.
+
+### Changes
+- The locale of the output stream (or the internal string stream if a JSON value is serialized to a string) is now adjusted once for the whole serialization instead of for each floating-point number.
+- The locale of an output stream is now correctly reset to the previous value by the JSON library.
+
+
+## v2.0.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.0/json.hpp) (321 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v2.0.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-06-24
+- SHA-256: ac9e1fb25c2ac9ca5fc501fcd2fe3281fe04f07018a1b48820e7b1b11491bb6c
+
+### Summary
+
+This release adds several features such as JSON Pointers, JSON Patch, or support for 64 bit unsigned integers. Furthermore, several (subtle) bugs have been fixed.
+
+As `noexcept` and `constexpr` specifier have been added to several functions, the public API has effectively been changed in a (potential) non-backwards compatible manner. As we adhere to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org), this calls for a new major version, so say hello to 2️⃣.0️⃣.0️⃣.
+
+### Changes
+- 🔟 A JSON value now uses `uint64_t` (default value for template parameter `NumberUnsignedType`) as data type for **unsigned integer** values. This type is used automatically when an unsigned number is parsed. Furthermore, constructors, conversion operators and an `is_number_unsigned()` test have been added.
+-  👉 **JSON Pointer** ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) support: A JSON Pointer is a string (similar to an XPath expression) to address a value inside a structured JSON value. JSON Pointers can be used in `at()` and `operator[]` functions. Furthermore, JSON values can be “flattened” to key/value pairs using `flatten()` where each key is a JSON Pointer. The original value can be restored by “unflattening” the flattened value using `unflatten()`.
+- 🏥 **JSON Patch** ([RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)) support. A JSON Patch is a JSON value that describes the required edit operations (add, change, remove, …) to transform a JSON value into another one. A JSON Patch can be created with function `diff(const basic_json&)` and applied with `patch(const basic_json&)`. Note the created patches use a rather primitive algorithm so far and leave room for improvement.
+- 🇪🇺 The code is now **locale-independent**: Floating-point numbers are always serialized with a period (`.`) as decimal separator and ignores different settings from the locale.
+- 🍺 **Homebrew** support: Install the library with `brew tap nlohmann/json && brew install nlohmann_json`.
+- Added constructor to create a JSON value by parsing a `std::istream` (e.g., `std::stringstream` or `std::ifstream`).
+- Added **`noexcept`** specifier to `basic_json(boolean_t)`, `basic_json(const number_integer_t)`, `basic_json(const int)`, `basic_json(const number_float_t)`, iterator functions (`begin()`, `end()`, etc.)
+- When parsing numbers, the sign of `0.0` (vs. `-0.0`) is preserved.
+- Improved MSVC 2015, Android, and MinGW support. See [README](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers) for more information.
+- Improved test coverage (added 2,225,386 tests).
+- Removed some misuses of `std::move`.
+- Fixed several compiler warnings.
+- Improved error messages from JSON parser.
+- Updated to [`re2c`](http://re2c.org) to version 0.16 to use a minimal DFAs for the lexer.
+- Updated test suite to use [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) version 1.5.6.
+- Made type getters (`is_number`, etc.) and const value access `constexpr`.
+- Functions `push_back` and `operator+=` now work with key/value pairs passed as initializer list, e.g. `j_object += {"key", 1}`.
+- Overworked `CMakeLists.txt` to make it easier to integrate the library into other projects.
+
+### Notes
+- Parser error messages are still very vague and contain no information on the error location.
+- The implemented `diff` function is rather primitive and does not create minimal diffs.
+- The name of function `iteration_wrapper` may change in the future and the function will be deprecated in the next release.
+- Roundtripping (i.e., parsing a JSON value from a string, serializing it, and comparing the strings) of floating-point numbers is not 100% accurate. Note that [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) defines no format to internally represent numbers and states not requirement for roundtripping. Nevertheless, benchmarks like [Native JSON Benchmark](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark) treat roundtripping deviations as conformance errors.
+
+
+## v1.1.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v1.1.0/json.hpp) (257 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v1.1.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2016-01-24
+- SHA-256: c0cf0e3017798ca6bb18e757ebc570d21a3bdac877845e2b9e9573d183ed2f05
+
+### Summary
+
+This release fixes several small bugs and adds functionality in a backwards-compatible manner. Compared to the [last version (1.0.0)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v1.0.0), the following changes have been made:
+
+### Changes
+- _Fixed_: **Floating-point numbers** are now serialized and deserialized properly such that rountripping works in more cases. [#185, #186, #190, #191, #194]
+- _Added_: The code now contains **assertions** to detect undefined behavior during development. As the standard function `assert` is used, the assertions can be switched off by defining the preprocessor symbol `NDEBUG` during compilation. [#168]
+- _Added_: It is now possible to get a **reference** to the stored values via the newly added function `get_ref()`. [#128, #184]
+- _Fixed_: Access to object values via keys (**`operator[]`**) now works with all kind of string representations. [#171, #189]
+- _Fixed_: The code now compiles again with **Microsoft Visual Studio 2015**. [#144, #167, #188]
+- _Fixed_: All required headers are now included.
+- _Fixed_: Typos and other small issues. [#162, #166,  #175, #177, #179, #180]
+
+### Notes
+
+There are still known open issues (#178, #187) which will be fixed in version 2.0.0. However, these fixes will require a small API change and will not be entirely backwards-compatible.
+
+
+## v1.0.0
+
+!!! summary "Files"
+
+    - [json.hpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v1.0.0/json.hpp) (243 KB)
+    - [json.hpp.asc](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v1.0.0/json.hpp.asc) (1 KB)
+
+- Release date: 2015-12-28
+- SHA-256: 767dc2fab1819d7b9e19b6e456d61e38d21ef7182606ecf01516e3f5230446de
+
+### Summary
+
+This is the first official release. Compared to the [prerelease version 1.0.0-rc1](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc1), only a few minor improvements have been made:
+
+### Changes
+- _Changed_: A **UTF-8 byte order mark** is silently ignored.
+- _Changed_: `sprintf` is no longer used.
+- _Changed_: `iterator_wrapper` also works for const objects; note: the name may change!
+- _Changed_: **Error messages** during deserialization have been improved.
+- _Added_: The `parse` function now also works with type `std::istream&&`.
+- _Added_: Function `value(key, default_value)` returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key or a given default value if no element with the key exists.
+- _Added_: Public functions are tagged with the version they were introduced. This shall allow for better **versioning** in the future.
+- _Added_: All public functions and types are **documented** (see http://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/) including executable examples.
+- _Added_: Allocation of all types (in particular arrays, strings, and objects) is now exception-safe.
+- _Added_: They descriptions of thrown exceptions have been overworked and are part of the tests suite and documentation.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/sponsors.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/sponsors.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9097049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/home/sponsors.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Sponsors
+
+You can sponsor this library at [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nlohmann).
+
+## Named Sponsors
+
+- [Michael Hartmann](https://github.com/reFX-Mike)
+- [Stefan Hagen](https://github.com/sthagen)
+- [Steve Sperandeo](https://github.com/homer6)
+- [Robert Jefe Lindstädt](https://github.com/eljefedelrodeodeljefe)
+- [Steve Wagner](https://github.com/ciroque)
+
+Thanks everyone!
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/hooks.py b/doc/mkdocs/docs/hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fee839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import shutil
+import os.path
+
+
+def copy_doxygen(*args, **kwargs):
+    doxygen_dir = os.path.join(kwargs['config']['site_dir'], 'doxygen')
+    if not os.path.isdir(doxygen_dir) or not os.listdir(doxygen_dir):
+        print('Copy Doxygen files...')
+        shutil.copytree('../html', doxygen_dir)
+        print('Copy Doxygen complete')
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e49c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# JSON for Modern C++
+
+![](images/json.gif)
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/cmake.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/cmake.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f1ecc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/cmake.md
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# CMake
+
+## Integration
+
+You can also use the `nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json` interface target in CMake.  This target populates the appropriate usage requirements for `INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` to point to the appropriate include directories and `INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES` for the necessary C++11 flags.
+
+### External
+
+To use this library from a CMake project, you can locate it directly with `find_package()` and use the namespaced imported target from the generated package configuration:
+
+```cmake
+# CMakeLists.txt
+find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+The package configuration file, `nlohmann_jsonConfig.cmake`, can be used either from an install tree or directly out of the build tree.
+
+### Embedded
+
+To embed the library directly into an existing CMake project, place the entire source tree in a subdirectory and call `add_subdirectory()` in your `CMakeLists.txt` file:
+
+```cmake
+# If you only include this third party in PRIVATE source files, you do not
+# need to install it when your main project gets installed.
+# set(JSON_Install OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
+# Don't use include(nlohmann_json/CMakeLists.txt) since that carries with it
+# unintended consequences that will break the build.  It's generally
+# discouraged (although not necessarily well documented as such) to use
+# include(...) for pulling in other CMake projects anyways.
+add_subdirectory(nlohmann_json)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+### Embedded (FetchContent)
+
+Since CMake v3.11,
+[FetchContent](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.11/module/FetchContent.html) can
+be used to automatically download the repository as a dependency at configure type.
+
+Example:
+```cmake
+include(FetchContent)
+
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+  GIT_TAG v3.7.3)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(json)
+if(NOT json_POPULATED)
+  FetchContent_Populate(json)
+  add_subdirectory(${json_SOURCE_DIR} ${json_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+!!! Note
+	The repository <https://github.com/nlohmann/json> download size is quite large.
+	You might want to depend on a smaller repository. For instance, you might want to replace the URL above by
+	<https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/nlohmann_json_cmake_fetchcontent>.
+
+### Supporting Both
+
+To allow your project to support either an externally supplied or an embedded JSON library, you can use a pattern akin to the following:
+
+``` cmake
+# Top level CMakeLists.txt
+project(FOO)
+...
+option(FOO_USE_EXTERNAL_JSON "Use an external JSON library" OFF)
+...
+add_subdirectory(thirdparty)
+...
+add_library(foo ...)
+...
+# Note that the namespaced target will always be available regardless of the
+# import method
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+```cmake
+# thirdparty/CMakeLists.txt
+...
+if(FOO_USE_EXTERNAL_JSON)
+  find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
+else()
+  set(JSON_BuildTests OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+  add_subdirectory(nlohmann_json)
+endif()
+...
+```
+
+`thirdparty/nlohmann_json` is then a complete copy of this source tree.
+
+## CMake Options
+
+### `JSON_BuildTests`
+
+Build the unit tests when [`BUILD_TESTING`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/enable_testing.html) is enabled. This option is `ON` by default if the library's CMake project is the top project. That is, when integrating the library as described above, the test suite is not built unless explicitly switched on with this option.
+
+### `JSON_CI`
+
+Enable CI build targets. The exact targets are used during the several CI steps and are subject to change without notice. This option is `OFF` by default.
+
+### `JSON_Diagnostics`
+
+Enable [extended diagnostic messages](../home/exceptions.md#extended-diagnostic-messages) by defining macro [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../features/macros.md#json_diagnostics). This option is `OFF` by default.
+
+### `JSON_FastTests`
+
+Skip expensive/slow test suites. This option is `OFF` by default. Depends on `JSON_BuildTests`.
+
+### `JSON_ImplicitConversions`
+
+Enable implicit conversions by defining macro [`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../features/macros.md#json_use_implicit_conversions). This option is `ON` by default.
+
+### `JSON_Install`
+
+Install CMake targets during install step. This option is `ON` by default if the library's CMake project is the top project.
+
+### `JSON_MultipleHeaders`
+
+Use non-amalgamated version of the library. This option is `OFF` by default.
+
+### `JSON_SystemInclude`
+
+Treat the library headers like system headers (i.e., adding `SYSTEM` to the [`target_include_directories`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/target_include_directories.html) call) to checks for this library by tools like Clang-Tidy. This option is `OFF` by default.
+
+### `JSON_Valgrind`
+
+Execute test suite with [Valgrind](https://valgrind.org). This option is `OFF` by default. Depends on `JSON_BuildTests`.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/CMakeLists.txt b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd3e9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+project(json_example)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+add_definitions("-std=c++11")
+
+include(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/conanbuildinfo.cmake)
+conan_basic_setup()
+
+add_executable(json_example example.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(json_example ${CONAN_LIBS})
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/Conanfile.txt b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/Conanfile.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8a3e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/Conanfile.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[requires]
+nlohmann_json/3.7.3
+
+[generators]
+cmake
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/example.cpp b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/example.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5a31be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/conan/example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << json::meta() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/example.cpp b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/example.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5a31be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << json::meta() << std::endl;
+}
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/index.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ee4ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Header only
+
+[`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp) is the single required file in `single_include/nlohmann` or [released here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases). You need to add
+
+```cpp
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+// for convenience
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+```
+
+to the files you want to process JSON and set the necessary switches to enable C++11 (e.g., `-std=c++11` for GCC and Clang).
+
+You can further use file [`include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp) for forward-declarations. The installation of `json_fwd.hpp` (as part of CMake's install step), can be achieved by setting `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`.
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b860296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Package Managers
+
+Throughout this page, we will describe how to compile the example file `example.cpp` below.
+
+```cpp
+--8<-- "integration/example.cpp"
+```
+
+## Homebrew
+
+If you are using OS X and [Homebrew](http://brew.sh), just type
+
+```sh
+brew tap nlohmann/json
+brew install nlohmann-json
+```
+
+and you're set. If you want the bleeding edge rather than the latest release, use
+
+```sh
+brew tap nlohmann/json
+brew install nlohmann-json --HEAD
+```
+
+instead.
+
+??? example
+
+	1. Create the following file:
+
+		=== "example.cpp"
+
+			```cpp
+			--8<-- "integration/example.cpp"
+			```
+
+	2. Install the package
+
+		```sh
+		brew tap nlohmann/json
+		brew install nlohmann-json
+		```
+
+	3. Determine the include path, which defaults to `/usr/local/Cellar/nlohmann-json/$version/include`, where `$version` is the version of the library, e.g. `3.7.3`. The path of the library can be determined with
+
+		```sh
+		brew list nlohmann-json
+		```
+
+	4. Compile the code. For instance, the code can be compiled using Clang with
+
+		```sh
+		clang++ example.cpp -I/usr/local/Cellar/nlohmann-json/3.7.3/include -std=c++11 -o example
+		```
+
+## Meson
+
+If you are using the [Meson Build System](http://mesonbuild.com), add this source tree as a [meson subproject](https://mesonbuild.com/Subprojects.html#using-a-subproject). You may also use the `include.zip` published in this project's [Releases](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases) to reduce the size of the vendored source tree. Alternatively, you can get a wrap file by downloading it from [Meson WrapDB](https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/nlohmann_json), or simply use `meson wrap install nlohmann_json`. Please see the meson project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+The provided meson.build can also be used as an alternative to cmake for installing `nlohmann_json` system-wide in which case a pkg-config file is installed. To use it, simply have your build system require the `nlohmann_json` pkg-config dependency. In Meson, it is preferred to use the [`dependency()`](https://mesonbuild.com/Reference-manual.html#dependency) object with a subproject fallback, rather than using the subproject directly.
+
+## Conan
+
+If you are using [Conan](https://www.conan.io/) to manage your dependencies, merely add `nlohmann_json/x.y.z` to your `conanfile`'s requires, where `x.y.z` is the release version you want to use. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+??? example
+
+	1. Create the following files:
+
+		=== "Conanfile.txt"
+			
+			```ini
+			--8<-- "integration/conan/Conanfile.txt"
+			```
+
+		=== "CMakeLists.txt"
+
+		    ```cmake
+			--8<-- "integration/conan/CMakeLists.txt"
+		    ```
+
+		=== "example.cpp"
+
+			```cpp
+			--8<-- "integration/conan/example.cpp"
+			```
+
+
+	2. Build:
+
+		```sh
+		mkdir build
+		cd build
+		conan install ..
+		cmake ..
+		cmake --build .
+		```
+
+## Spack
+
+If you are using [Spack](https://www.spack.io/) to manage your dependencies, you can use the [`nlohmann-json` package](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/package_list.html#nlohmann-json). Please see the [spack project](https://github.com/spack/spack) for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+## Hunter
+
+If you are using [hunter](https://github.com/cpp-pm/hunter) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann_json package](https://hunter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packages/pkg/nlohmann_json.html). Please see the hunter project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+## Buckaroo
+
+If you are using [Buckaroo](https://buckaroo.pm), you can install this library's module with `buckaroo add github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json). There is a demo repo [here](https://github.com/njlr/buckaroo-nholmann-json-example).
+
+## vcpkg
+
+If you are using [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann-json package](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/ports/nlohmann-json). Please see the vcpkg project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+## cget
+
+If you are using [cget](http://cget.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), you can install the latest development version with `cget install nlohmann/json`. A specific version can be installed with `cget install nlohmann/json@v3.1.0`. Also, the multiple header version can be installed by adding the `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON` flag (i.e., `cget install nlohmann/json -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`).
+
+## CocoaPods
+
+If you are using [CocoaPods](https://cocoapods.org), you can use the library by adding pod `"nlohmann_json", '~>3.1.2'` to your podfile (see [an example](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/src/master/)). Please file issues [here](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/issues?status=new&status=open).
+
+## NuGet
+
+If you are using [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org), you can use the package [nlohmann.json](https://www.nuget.org/packages/nlohmann.json/). Please check [this extensive description](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1132#issuecomment-452250255) on how to use the package. Please files issues [here](https://github.com/hnkb/nlohmann-json-nuget/issues).
+
+## Conda
+
+If you are using [conda](https://conda.io/), you can use the package [nlohmann_json](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock) from [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org) executing `conda install -c conda-forge nlohmann_json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock/issues).
+
+## MSYS2
+
+If you are using [MSYS2](http://www.msys2.org/), your can use the [mingw-w64-nlohmann-json](https://packages.msys2.org/base/mingw-w64-nlohmann-json) package, just type `pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-nlohmann-json` or `pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-nlohmann-json` for installation. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/new?title=%5Bnlohmann-json%5D) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+## build2
+
+If you are using [`build2`](https://build2.org), you can use the [`nlohmann-json`](https://cppget.org/nlohmann-json) package from the public repository http://cppget.org or directly from the [package's sources repository](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json). In your project's `manifest` file, just add `depends: nlohmann-json` (probably with some [version constraints](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml#guide-add-remove-deps)). If you are not familiar with using dependencies in `build2`, [please read this introduction](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml).
+Please file issues [here](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+## wsjcpp
+
+If you are using [`wsjcpp`](http://wsjcpp.org), you can use the command `wsjcpp install "https://github.com/nlohmann/json:develop"` to get the latest version. Note you can change the branch ":develop" to an existing tag or another branch.
+
+## CPM.cmake
+
+If you are using [`CPM.cmake`](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake), you can check this [`example`](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake/tree/master/examples/json). After [adding CPM script](https://github.com/TheLartians/CPM.cmake#adding-cpm) to your project, implement the following snippet to your CMake:
+
+```cmake
+CPMAddPackage(
+    NAME nlohmann_json
+    GITHUB_REPOSITORY nlohmann/json
+    VERSION 3.9.1)
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/pkg-config.md b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/pkg-config.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f8644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/docs/integration/pkg-config.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Pkg-config
+
+If you are using bare Makefiles, you can use `pkg-config` to generate the include flags that point to where the library is installed:
+
+```sh
+pkg-config nlohmann_json --cflags
+```
+
+Users of the [Meson build system](package_managers.md#meson) will also be able to use a system wide library, which will be found by `pkg-config`:
+
+```meson
+json = dependency('nlohmann_json', required: true)
+```
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml b/doc/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7aa6e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# Project information
+site_name: JSON for Modern C++
+site_author: Niels Lohmann
+site_url: https://json.nlohmann.me/
+
+# Repository
+repo_name: nlohmann/json
+repo_url: https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+edit_uri: edit/develop/doc/mkdocs/docs
+
+# Copyright
+copyright: Copyright &copy; 2013 - 2021 Niels Lohmann
+
+# Configuration
+theme:
+  name: material
+  language: en
+  palette:
+    primary: indigo
+    accent: indigo
+  font:
+    text: Roboto
+    code: Roboto Mono
+  features:
+    - tabs
+    - instant
+
+nav:
+  - Home:
+    - index.md
+    - home/license.md
+    - "Code of Conduct": home/code_of_conduct.md
+    - "FAQ": home/faq.md
+    - home/exceptions.md
+    - home/releases.md
+    - home/design_goals.md
+    - home/sponsors.md
+  - Features:
+    - features/arbitrary_types.md
+    - Binary Formats:
+      - features/binary_formats/index.md
+      - features/binary_formats/bson.md
+      - features/binary_formats/cbor.md
+      - features/binary_formats/messagepack.md
+      - features/binary_formats/ubjson.md
+    - features/binary_values.md
+    - features/comments.md
+    - Element Access:
+      - features/element_access/index.md
+      - features/element_access/unchecked_access.md
+      - features/element_access/checked_access.md
+      - features/element_access/default_value.md
+    - features/iterators.md
+    - features/json_pointer.md
+    - features/json_patch.md
+    - features/merge_patch.md
+    - features/object_order.md
+    - Parsing:
+        - features/parsing/index.md
+        - features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md
+        - features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md
+        - features/parsing/sax_interface.md
+    - features/enum_conversion.md
+    - features/macros.md
+    - Types:
+        - features/types/index.md
+        - features/types/number_handling.md
+  - Integration:
+    - integration/index.md
+    - integration/cmake.md
+    - integration/package_managers.md
+    - integration/pkg-config.md
+  - Doxygen: doxygen/index.html
+  - API:
+      - basic_json:
+        - api/basic_json/index.md
+        - api/basic_json/accept.md
+        - api/basic_json/array.md
+        - api/basic_json/array_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/at.md
+        - api/basic_json/back.md
+        - api/basic_json/basic_json.md
+        - api/basic_json/~basic_json.md
+        - api/basic_json/begin.md
+        - api/basic_json/binary.md
+        - api/basic_json/binary_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/boolean_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/cbegin.md
+        - api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/cend.md
+        - api/basic_json/clear.md
+        - api/basic_json/contains.md
+        - api/basic_json/count.md
+        - api/basic_json/crbegin.md
+        - api/basic_json/crend.md
+        - api/basic_json/diff.md
+        - api/basic_json/dump.md
+        - api/basic_json/emplace.md
+        - api/basic_json/emplace_back.md
+        - api/basic_json/empty.md
+        - api/basic_json/end.md
+        - api/basic_json/erase.md
+        - api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/exception.md
+        - api/basic_json/find.md
+        - api/basic_json/flatten.md
+        - api/basic_json/from_bson.md
+        - api/basic_json/from_cbor.md
+        - api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md
+        - api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md
+        - api/basic_json/front.md
+        - api/basic_json/get.md
+        - api/basic_json/get_allocator.md
+        - api/basic_json/get_binary.md
+        - api/basic_json/get_ptr.md
+        - api/basic_json/get_ref.md
+        - api/basic_json/get_to.md
+        - api/basic_json/input_format_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/insert.md
+        - api/basic_json/invalid_iterator.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_array.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_binary.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_boolean.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_discarded.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_null.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_number.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_number_float.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_object.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_primitive.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_string.md
+        - api/basic_json/is_structured.md
+        - api/basic_json/items.md
+        - api/basic_json/json_serializer.md
+        - api/basic_json/max_size.md
+        - api/basic_json/meta.md
+        - api/basic_json/merge_patch.md
+        - api/basic_json/number_float_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/number_integer_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/object.md
+        - api/basic_json/object_comparator_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/object_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_ValueType.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_value_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator[].md
+        - api/basic_json/operator=.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_eq.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_ne.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_lt.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_le.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_gt.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_ge.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator+=.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_literal_json.md
+        - api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
+        - api/basic_json/out_of_range.md
+        - api/basic_json/other_error.md
+        - api/basic_json/parse.md
+        - api/basic_json/parse_error.md
+        - api/basic_json/parse_event_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/patch.md
+        - api/basic_json/push_back.md
+        - api/basic_json/rbegin.md
+        - api/basic_json/rend.md
+        - api/basic_json/sax_parse.md
+        - api/basic_json/size.md
+        - api/basic_json/string_t.md
+        - api/basic_json/to_bson.md
+        - api/basic_json/to_cbor.md
+        - api/basic_json/to_msgpack.md
+        - api/basic_json/to_ubjson.md
+        - api/basic_json/type.md
+        - api/basic_json/type_error.md
+        - api/basic_json/type_name.md
+        - api/basic_json/unflatten.md
+        - api/basic_json/update.md
+        - api/basic_json/value.md
+        - api/basic_json/value_t.md
+      - api/adl_serializer.md
+      - api/json.md
+      - api/json_pointer.md
+      - api/ordered_map.md
+      - api/ordered_json.md
+
+# Extras
+extra:
+  social:
+    - icon: fontawesome/brands/github
+      link: https://github.com/nlohmann
+    - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
+      link: https://twitter.com/nlohmann
+    - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
+      link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/
+    - icon: fontawesome/brands/xing
+      link: https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann
+    - icon: fontawesome/brands/paypal
+      link: https://www.paypal.me/nlohmann
+
+# Extensions
+markdown_extensions:
+  - admonition
+  - def_list
+  - codehilite:
+      guess_lang: false
+  - toc:
+      permalink: true
+  - pymdownx.arithmatex
+  - pymdownx.betterem:
+      smart_enable: all
+  - pymdownx.caret
+  - pymdownx.critic
+  - pymdownx.details
+  - pymdownx.emoji:
+      emoji_index: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.twemoji
+      emoji_generator: !!python/name:materialx.emoji.to_svg
+  - pymdownx.inlinehilite
+  - pymdownx.magiclink
+  - pymdownx.mark
+  #- pymdownx.smartsymbols
+  - pymdownx.superfences
+  - pymdownx.tasklist:
+      custom_checkbox: true
+  - pymdownx.tabbed
+  - pymdownx.tilde
+  - pymdownx.snippets:
+      base_path: docs
+      check_paths: true
+  - plantuml_markdown:
+      format: svg
+
+plugins:
+    - search:
+        separator: '[\s\-\.]+'
+    - mkdocs-simple-hooks:
+        hooks:
+          on_post_build: "docs.hooks:copy_doxygen"
+    - minify:
+        minify_html: true
+
+extra_javascript:
+  - https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML
diff --git a/doc/mkdocs/requirements.txt b/doc/mkdocs/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b64e9b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/mkdocs/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+click>=7.1.2
+future>=0.18.2
+htmlmin>=0.1.12
+httplib2>=0.18.1
+importlib-metadata>=1.6.0
+Jinja2>=2.11.2
+joblib>=0.15.1
+jsmin>=2.2.2
+livereload>=2.6.1
+lunr>=0.5.8
+Markdown>=3.2.2
+markdown-include>=0.5.1
+MarkupSafe>=1.1.1
+mkdocs>=1.1.2
+mkdocs-material>=5.2.1
+mkdocs-material-extensions>=1.0
+mkdocs-minify-plugin>=0.3.0
+mkdocs-simple-hooks>=0.1.1
+nltk>=3.5
+plantuml>=0.3.0
+plantuml-markdown>=3.2.2
+Pygments>=2.6.1
+pymdown-extensions>=7.1
+PyYAML>=5.3.1
+regex>=2020.5.14
+six>=1.15.0
+tornado>=6.0.4
+tqdm>=4.46.0
+zipp>=3.1.0
diff --git a/doc/scripts/git-update-ghpages b/doc/scripts/git-update-ghpages
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..393650c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/scripts/git-update-ghpages
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -o errexit
+
+copy_contents() {
+  local source="$1"
+  status "Copying contents from $source"
+  if [[ ! "$dryrun" == "1" ]]; then
+    (cd "$source" >/dev/null && tar c .) | tar xv
+  else
+    _ "(cd \"$source\" >/dev/null && tar c .) | tar xv"
+  fi
+}
+
+# Sets git config
+set_config() {
+  if [ -n "$GIT_NAME" ]; then _ git config user.name "$GIT_NAME"; fi
+  if [ -n "$GIT_EMAIL" ]; then _ git config user.email "$GIT_EMAIL"; fi
+}
+
+# Runs the deployment
+run() {
+  if [ ! -d "$source" ]; then
+    echo "Source is not a directory: $source"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  local tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  if [[ "$force" == "1" ]]; then
+    _ cd "$tmpdir"
+    _ git init
+    _ git checkout -b "$branch"
+    copy_contents "$source"
+    if [[ "$useenv" == "1" ]]; then set_config; fi
+    _ git add -A .
+    git_commit
+    git_push --force
+  else
+    _ cd "$tmpdir"
+    _ git clone "$repo" . -b "$branch" || ( \
+      _ git init && \
+      _ git checkout -b "$branch")
+    if [[ "$keep" == "0" ]]; then _ rm -rf ./*; fi
+    copy_contents "$source"
+    if [[ "$useenv" == "1" ]]; then set_config; fi
+    _ git add -A .
+    git_commit || true
+    git_push
+  fi
+  _ rm -rf "$tmpdir"
+  status_ "Done"
+}
+
+git_commit() {
+  if [ -z "$author" ]; then
+    _ git commit -m "$message"
+  else
+    _ git commit -m "$message" --author "$author"
+  fi
+}
+
+git_push() {
+  if [ -z "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    _ git push "${repo}" "$branch" "$@"
+  else
+    status "Pushing via \$GITHUB_TOKEN $@"
+    _ git push "https://${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${repospec}.git" "$branch" "$@" \
+      --quiet >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
+      ( status_ "Failed to push"; exit 1 )
+  fi
+}
+
+status() {
+  echo -e "\n\033[34m==>\033[0;1m" "$@\033[0m"
+}
+status_() {
+  echo -e "\033[33;1m==>\033[0m" "$@"
+}
+
+_() {
+  echo ""
+  status_ "$@"
+  if [[ ! "$dryrun" == "1" ]]; then "$@"; fi
+}
+
+help() {
+  local cmd="$(basename $0)"
+  echo 'Usage:'
+  echo "  $cmd <REPO> <SOURCE>"
+  echo ''
+  echo 'Parameters:'
+  echo "  REPO             repository to push to in 'user/repo' form"
+  echo "  SOURCE           path to upload to repository's gh-pages branch"
+  echo ''
+  echo 'Options:'
+  echo '  -h, --help       show help screen'
+  echo '  -f, --force      force push'
+  echo '  -n, --dry-run    run in simulation mode'
+  echo '  -e, --use-env    pick up arguments from environment variables'
+  echo '  -b, --branch     use this branch name (default: gh-pages)'
+  echo '  -a, --author     set the author'
+  echo '  -k, --keep       keep existing files in the repo'
+  echo ''
+  echo 'Env var options:'
+  echo '  GITHUB_TOKEN     if set, use this to push to the repo'
+  echo ''
+  echo 'Optional env vars:'
+  echo "  Run with '-e' to enable the use of these variables."
+  echo "  GIT_NAME         set this as the repos user.name"
+  echo '  GIT_EMAIL        set this as the repos user.email'
+  echo '  GITHUB_REPO      substitute as the REPO (1st argument)'
+  echo '  GIT_SOURCE       substitute as the SOURCE (2nd argument)'
+  echo '  GIT_BRANCH       use this branch name (--branch)'
+  echo ''
+  echo 'Example:'
+  echo "  $cmd rstacruz/myproject doc"
+  echo "    # pushes './doc' into the gh-pages branch of rstacruz/myproject"
+  echo ''
+  echo "  export GITHUB_REPO='xyz/abc'"
+  echo "  export GIT_SOURCE='docs'"
+  echo "  $cmd -e"
+  echo "    # pushes './doc' into the gh-pages branch of xyz/abc"
+}
+
+#
+# Defaults
+#
+
+force=0
+dryrun=0
+repospec=
+source=
+branch=
+message="Update"
+useenv=0
+author=""
+keep=0
+
+#
+# Parse args
+#
+
+while [[ "$1" =~ ^- && ! "$1" == '--' ]]; do case $1 in
+  -h | --help )
+    help
+    exit
+    ;;
+  -b | --branch )
+    shift
+    branch="$1"
+    ;;
+  -n | --dry-run )
+    dryrun=1
+    ;;
+  -e | --use-env )
+    useenv=1
+    ;;
+  -k | --keep )
+    keep=1
+    ;;
+  -a | --author)
+    shift
+    author="$1"
+    ;;
+  -f | --force )
+    force=1
+    ;;
+esac; shift; done
+if [[ "$1" == '--' ]]; then shift; fi
+
+if [[ "$useenv" == "1" ]] && [[ -n "$GIT_BRANCH" ]] && [[ -z "$branch" ]]; then
+  branch="$GIT_BRANCH"
+fi
+
+if [[ "$useenv" == "1" ]] && [[ -n "$GITHUB_REPO" ]] && [[ -n "$GIT_SOURCE" ]] && [[ -z "$2" ]]; then
+  repospec="$GITHUB_REPO"
+  source="$GIT_SOURCE"
+else
+  repospec="$1"
+  source="$2"
+fi
+
+: ${branch:="gh-pages"}
+
+if [ -z "$source" ]; then
+  help
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+source="`pwd -LP`/$source"
+repo="https://github.com/${repospec}.git"
+
+run
diff --git a/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py b/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1126566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+
+# This script uploads a directory to Wandbox (http://melpon.org/wandbox),
+# which is an online compiler environment, and prints a permalink to the
+# uploaded code. We use this to provide a "Try it online" version of the
+# library to make the barrier to entry as low as possible.
+#
+# This script was adapted from the script proposed in
+# https://github.com/melpon/wandbox/issues/153.
+#
+# To know how to use this script: ./wandbox.py --help
+#
+# Copyright Louis Dionne 2015
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+import argparse
+import fnmatch
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import urllib2
+
+
+# Strips C and C++ comments from the given string.
+#
+# Copied from https://stackoverflow.com/a/241506/627587.
+def strip_comments(text):
+    def replacer(match):
+        s = match.group(0)
+        if s.startswith('/'):
+            return " " # note: a space and not an empty string
+        else:
+            return s
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r'//.*?$|/\*.*?\*/|\'(?:\\.|[^\\\'])*\'|"(?:\\.|[^\\"])*"',
+        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
+    )
+    return re.sub(pattern, replacer, text)
+
+
+# Post the given JSON data to Wandbox's API, and return the result
+# as a JSON object.
+def upload(options):
+    request = urllib2.Request('https://melpon.org/wandbox/api/compile.json')
+    request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
+    response = urllib2.urlopen(request, json.dumps(options))
+    return json.loads(response.read())
+
+
+# Returns a list of the '.hpp' headers in the given directory and in
+# subdirectories.
+#
+# The path must be absolute, and the returned paths are all absolute too.
+def headers(path):
+    return [
+        os.path.join(dir, file)
+            for (dir, _, files) in os.walk(path)
+                for file in fnmatch.filter(files, "*.hpp")
+    ]
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=
+        """Upload a directory to Wandbox (http://melpon.org/wandbox).
+
+           On success, the program prints a permalink to the uploaded
+           directory on Wandbox and returns 0. On error, it prints the
+           response from the Wandbox API and returns 1.
+
+           Note that the comments are stripped from all the headers in the
+           uploaded directory.
+        """
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('directory', type=str, help=
+        """A directory to upload to Wandbox.
+
+           The path may be either absolute or relative to the current directory.
+           However, the names of the files uploaded to Wandbox will all be
+           relative to this directory. This way, one can easily specify the
+           directory to be '/some/project/include', and the uploaded files
+           will be uploaded as-if they were rooted at '/some/project/include'
+        """)
+    parser.add_argument('main', type=str, help=
+        """The main source file.
+
+           The path may be either absolute or relative to the current directory.
+        """
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    directory = os.path.abspath(args.directory)
+    if not os.path.exists(directory):
+        raise Exception("'%s' is not a valid directory" % args.directory)
+
+    cpp = os.path.abspath(args.main)
+    if not os.path.exists(cpp):
+        raise Exception("'%s' is not a valid file name" % args.main)
+
+    response = upload({
+        'code': open(cpp).read(),
+        'codes': [{
+            'file': os.path.relpath(header, directory),
+            #'code': strip_comments(open(header).read())
+            'code': open(header).read()
+        } for header in headers(directory)],
+        'options': 'boost-nothing,c++11',
+        'compiler': 'gcc-4.9.2',
+        'save': True,
+        'compiler-option-raw': '-I.'
+    })
+
+    if 'status' in response and response['status'] == '0':
+        print response['url']
+        return 0
+    else:
+        print response
+        return 1
+
+
+exit(main())
diff --git a/doc/usages/ios.png b/doc/usages/ios.png
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1d2c1b8
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/usages/ios.png differ
diff --git a/doc/usages/macos.png b/doc/usages/macos.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..107b5f0
Binary files /dev/null and b/doc/usages/macos.png differ
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f967612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+template<typename ValueType, typename>
+struct adl_serializer
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief convert a JSON value to any value type
+
+    This function is usually called by the `get()` function of the
+    @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
+
+    @note This function is chosen for default-constructible value types.
+
+    @param[in] j        JSON value to read from
+    @param[in,out] val  value to write to
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto from_json(BasicJsonType && j, TargetType& val) noexcept(
+        noexcept(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val)))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val), void())
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief convert a JSON value to any value type
+
+    This function is usually called by the `get()` function of the
+    @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
+
+    @note This function is chosen for value types which are not default-constructible.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to read from
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto from_json(BasicJsonType && j) noexcept(
+    noexcept(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {})))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {}))
+    {
+        return ::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {});
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief convert any value type to a JSON value
+
+    This function is usually called by the constructors of the @ref basic_json
+    class.
+
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write to
+    @param[in] val    value to read from
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto to_json(BasicJsonType& j, TargetType && val) noexcept(
+        noexcept(::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val))))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val)), void())
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp b/include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4086e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint64_t
+#include <tuple> // tie
+#include <utility> // move
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief an internal type for a backed binary type
+
+This type extends the template parameter @a BinaryType provided to `basic_json`
+with a subtype used by BSON and MessagePack. This type exists so that the user
+does not have to specify a type themselves with a specific naming scheme in
+order to override the binary type.
+
+@tparam BinaryType container to store bytes (`std::vector<std::uint8_t>` by
+                   default)
+
+@since version 3.8.0; changed type of subtypes to std::uint64_t in 3.10.0.
+*/
+template<typename BinaryType>
+class byte_container_with_subtype : public BinaryType
+{
+  public:
+    /// the type of the underlying container
+    using container_type = BinaryType;
+    /// the type of the subtype
+    using subtype_type = std::uint64_t;
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype() noexcept(noexcept(container_type()))
+        : container_type()
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(const container_type& b) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(b)))
+        : container_type(b)
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(container_type&& b) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(std::move(b))))
+        : container_type(std::move(b))
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(const container_type& b, subtype_type subtype_) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(b)))
+        : container_type(b)
+        , m_subtype(subtype_)
+        , m_has_subtype(true)
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(container_type&& b, subtype_type subtype_) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(std::move(b))))
+        : container_type(std::move(b))
+        , m_subtype(subtype_)
+        , m_has_subtype(true)
+    {}
+
+    bool operator==(const byte_container_with_subtype& rhs) const
+    {
+        return std::tie(static_cast<const BinaryType&>(*this), m_subtype, m_has_subtype) ==
+               std::tie(static_cast<const BinaryType&>(rhs), rhs.m_subtype, rhs.m_has_subtype);
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const byte_container_with_subtype& rhs) const
+    {
+        return !(rhs == *this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief sets the binary subtype
+
+    Sets the binary subtype of the value, also flags a binary JSON value as
+    having a subtype, which has implications for serialization.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void set_subtype(subtype_type subtype_) noexcept
+    {
+        m_subtype = subtype_;
+        m_has_subtype = true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the binary subtype
+
+    Returns the numerical subtype of the value if it has a subtype. If it does
+    not have a subtype, this function will return subtype_type(-1) as a sentinel
+    value.
+
+    @return the numerical subtype of the binary value
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0; fixed return value to properly return
+           subtype_type(-1) as documented in version 3.10.0
+    */
+    constexpr subtype_type subtype() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_has_subtype ? m_subtype : subtype_type(-1);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether the value has a subtype
+
+    @return whether the value has a subtype
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool has_subtype() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_has_subtype;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief clears the binary subtype
+
+    Clears the binary subtype and flags the value as not having a subtype, which
+    has implications for serialization; for instance MessagePack will prefer the
+    bin family over the ext family.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void clear_subtype() noexcept
+    {
+        m_subtype = 0;
+        m_has_subtype = false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    subtype_type m_subtype = 0;
+    bool m_has_subtype = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7bd018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // transform
+#include <array> // array
+#include <forward_list> // forward_list
+#include <iterator> // inserter, front_inserter, end
+#include <map> // map
+#include <string> // string
+#include <tuple> // tuple, make_tuple
+#include <type_traits> // is_arithmetic, is_same, is_enum, underlying_type, is_convertible
+#include <unordered_map> // unordered_map
+#include <utility> // pair, declval
+#include <valarray> // valarray
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename std::nullptr_t& n)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_null()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be null, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    n = nullptr;
+}
+
+// overloads for basic_json template parameters
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ArithmeticType,
+           enable_if_t < std::is_arithmetic<ArithmeticType>::value&&
+                         !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value,
+                         int > = 0 >
+void get_arithmetic_value(const BasicJsonType& j, ArithmeticType& val)
+{
+    switch (static_cast<value_t>(j))
+    {
+        case value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case value_t::null:
+        case value_t::object:
+        case value_t::array:
+        case value_t::string:
+        case value_t::boolean:
+        case value_t::binary:
+        case value_t::discarded:
+        default:
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be number, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t& b)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_boolean()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be boolean, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    b = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t& s)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_string()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be string, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    s = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::string_t*>();
+}
+
+template <
+    typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t <
+        is_constructible_string_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType>::value&&
+        !std::is_same<typename BasicJsonType::string_t,
+                      ConstructibleStringType>::value,
+        int > = 0 >
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleStringType& s)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_string()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be string, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    s = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::string_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename EnumType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_enum<EnumType>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, EnumType& e)
+{
+    typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type val;
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+    e = static_cast<EnumType>(val);
+}
+
+// forward_list doesn't have an insert method
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename Allocator,
+         enable_if_t<is_getable<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::forward_list<T, Allocator>& l)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    l.clear();
+    std::transform(j.rbegin(), j.rend(),
+                   std::front_inserter(l), [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        return i.template get<T>();
+    });
+}
+
+// valarray doesn't have an insert method
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<is_getable<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::valarray<T>& l)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    l.resize(j.size());
+    std::transform(j.begin(), j.end(), std::begin(l),
+                   [](const BasicJsonType & elem)
+    {
+        return elem.template get<T>();
+    });
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T (&arr)[N]) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+-> decltype(j.template get<T>(), void())
+{
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+        arr[i] = j.at(i).template get<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t& arr, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
+{
+    arr = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::array_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, std::array<T, N>& arr,
+                          priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
+-> decltype(j.template get<T>(), void())
+{
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+        arr[i] = j.at(i).template get<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+         enable_if_t<
+             std::is_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType&, ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+             int> = 0>
+auto from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
+-> decltype(
+    arr.reserve(std::declval<typename ConstructibleArrayType::size_type>()),
+    j.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>(),
+    void())
+{
+    using std::end;
+
+    ConstructibleArrayType ret;
+    ret.reserve(j.size());
+    std::transform(j.begin(), j.end(),
+                   std::inserter(ret, end(ret)), [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        // get<BasicJsonType>() returns *this, this won't call a from_json
+        // method when value_type is BasicJsonType
+        return i.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>();
+    });
+    arr = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+         enable_if_t<
+             std::is_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType&, ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+             int> = 0>
+void from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr,
+                          priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
+{
+    using std::end;
+
+    ConstructibleArrayType ret;
+    std::transform(
+        j.begin(), j.end(), std::inserter(ret, end(ret)),
+        [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        // get<BasicJsonType>() returns *this, this won't call a from_json
+        // method when value_type is BasicJsonType
+        return i.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>();
+    });
+    arr = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+           enable_if_t <
+               is_constructible_array_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !is_constructible_object_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !is_constructible_string_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t>::value&&
+               !is_basic_json<ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+               int > = 0 >
+auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr)
+-> decltype(from_json_array_impl(j, arr, priority_tag<3> {}),
+j.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>(),
+void())
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    from_json_array_impl(j, arr, priority_tag<3> {});
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t... Idx >
+std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)> from_json_inplace_array_impl(BasicJsonType&& j,
+        identity_tag<std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)>> /*unused*/, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return { { std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N >
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::array<T, N>> tag)
+-> decltype(from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {}))
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    return from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& bin)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_binary()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    bin = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType,
+         enable_if_t<is_constructible_object_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleObjectType>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleObjectType& obj)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_object()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be object, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    ConstructibleObjectType ret;
+    const auto* inner_object = j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::object_t*>();
+    using value_type = typename ConstructibleObjectType::value_type;
+    std::transform(
+        inner_object->begin(), inner_object->end(),
+        std::inserter(ret, ret.begin()),
+        [](typename BasicJsonType::object_t::value_type const & p)
+    {
+        return value_type(p.first, p.second.template get<typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type>());
+    });
+    obj = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+// overload for arithmetic types, not chosen for basic_json template arguments
+// (BooleanType, etc..); note: Is it really necessary to provide explicit
+// overloads for boolean_t etc. in case of a custom BooleanType which is not
+// an arithmetic type?
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ArithmeticType,
+           enable_if_t <
+               std::is_arithmetic<ArithmeticType>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value,
+               int > = 0 >
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ArithmeticType& val)
+{
+    switch (static_cast<value_t>(j))
+    {
+        case value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::boolean:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case value_t::null:
+        case value_t::object:
+        case value_t::array:
+        case value_t::string:
+        case value_t::binary:
+        case value_t::discarded:
+        default:
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be number, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args, std::size_t... Idx>
+std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType&& j, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return std::make_tuple(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<Args>()...);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, class A1, class A2 >
+std::pair<A1, A2> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return {std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(0).template get<A1>(),
+            std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(1).template get<A2>()};
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename A1, typename A2>
+void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::pair<A1, A2>& p, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
+{
+    p = from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> {}, priority_tag<0> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
+std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::tuple<Args...>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return from_json_tuple_impl_base<BasicJsonType, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
+void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::tuple<Args...>& t, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
+{
+    t = from_json_tuple_impl_base<BasicJsonType, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TupleRelated>
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, TupleRelated&& t)
+-> decltype(from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {}))
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    return from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {});
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Allocator,
+           typename = enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible <
+                                        typename BasicJsonType::string_t, Key >::value >>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Allocator>& m)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    m.clear();
+    for (const auto& p : j)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(p.type_name()), j));
+        }
+        m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
+    }
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename Key, typename Value, typename Hash, typename KeyEqual, typename Allocator,
+           typename = enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible <
+                                        typename BasicJsonType::string_t, Key >::value >>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, KeyEqual, Allocator>& m)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    m.clear();
+    for (const auto& p : j)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(p.type_name()), j));
+        }
+        m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
+    }
+}
+
+struct from_json_fn
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+    auto operator()(const BasicJsonType& j, T&& val) const
+    noexcept(noexcept(from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val))))
+    -> decltype(from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val)))
+    {
+        return from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// namespace to hold default `from_json` function
+/// to see why this is required:
+/// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
+{
+constexpr const auto& from_json = detail::static_const<detail::from_json_fn>::value; // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
+} // namespace
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1728948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1110 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath>   // signbit, isfinite
+#include <cstdint> // intN_t, uintN_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy, memmove
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <type_traits> // conditional
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief implements the Grisu2 algorithm for binary to decimal floating-point
+conversion.
+
+This implementation is a slightly modified version of the reference
+implementation which may be obtained from
+http://florian.loitsch.com/publications (bench.tar.gz).
+
+The code is distributed under the MIT license, Copyright (c) 2009 Florian Loitsch.
+
+For a detailed description of the algorithm see:
+
+[1] Loitsch, "Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately with
+    Integers", Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2010 Conference on Programming
+    Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2010
+[2] Burger, Dybvig, "Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately",
+    Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 Conference on Programming Language
+    Design and Implementation, PLDI 1996
+*/
+namespace dtoa_impl
+{
+
+template<typename Target, typename Source>
+Target reinterpret_bits(const Source source)
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(Target) == sizeof(Source), "size mismatch");
+
+    Target target;
+    std::memcpy(&target, &source, sizeof(Source));
+    return target;
+}
+
+struct diyfp // f * 2^e
+{
+    static constexpr int kPrecision = 64; // = q
+
+    std::uint64_t f = 0;
+    int e = 0;
+
+    constexpr diyfp(std::uint64_t f_, int e_) noexcept : f(f_), e(e_) {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns x - y
+    @pre x.e == y.e and x.f >= y.f
+    */
+    static diyfp sub(const diyfp& x, const diyfp& y) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.e == y.e);
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.f >= y.f);
+
+        return {x.f - y.f, x.e};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns x * y
+    @note The result is rounded. (Only the upper q bits are returned.)
+    */
+    static diyfp mul(const diyfp& x, const diyfp& y) noexcept
+    {
+        static_assert(kPrecision == 64, "internal error");
+
+        // Computes:
+        //  f = round((x.f * y.f) / 2^q)
+        //  e = x.e + y.e + q
+
+        // Emulate the 64-bit * 64-bit multiplication:
+        //
+        // p = u * v
+        //   = (u_lo + 2^32 u_hi) (v_lo + 2^32 v_hi)
+        //   = (u_lo v_lo         ) + 2^32 ((u_lo v_hi         ) + (u_hi v_lo         )) + 2^64 (u_hi v_hi         )
+        //   = (p0                ) + 2^32 ((p1                ) + (p2                )) + 2^64 (p3                )
+        //   = (p0_lo + 2^32 p0_hi) + 2^32 ((p1_lo + 2^32 p1_hi) + (p2_lo + 2^32 p2_hi)) + 2^64 (p3                )
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (p0_hi + p1_lo + p2_lo                      ) + 2^64 (p1_hi + p2_hi + p3)
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (Q                                          ) + 2^64 (H                 )
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (Q_lo + 2^32 Q_hi                           ) + 2^64 (H                 )
+        //
+        // (Since Q might be larger than 2^32 - 1)
+        //
+        //   = (p0_lo + 2^32 Q_lo) + 2^64 (Q_hi + H)
+        //
+        // (Q_hi + H does not overflow a 64-bit int)
+        //
+        //   = p_lo + 2^64 p_hi
+
+        const std::uint64_t u_lo = x.f & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t u_hi = x.f >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t v_lo = y.f & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t v_hi = y.f >> 32u;
+
+        const std::uint64_t p0 = u_lo * v_lo;
+        const std::uint64_t p1 = u_lo * v_hi;
+        const std::uint64_t p2 = u_hi * v_lo;
+        const std::uint64_t p3 = u_hi * v_hi;
+
+        const std::uint64_t p0_hi = p0 >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t p1_lo = p1 & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t p1_hi = p1 >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t p2_lo = p2 & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t p2_hi = p2 >> 32u;
+
+        std::uint64_t Q = p0_hi + p1_lo + p2_lo;
+
+        // The full product might now be computed as
+        //
+        // p_hi = p3 + p2_hi + p1_hi + (Q >> 32)
+        // p_lo = p0_lo + (Q << 32)
+        //
+        // But in this particular case here, the full p_lo is not required.
+        // Effectively we only need to add the highest bit in p_lo to p_hi (and
+        // Q_hi + 1 does not overflow).
+
+        Q += std::uint64_t{1} << (64u - 32u - 1u); // round, ties up
+
+        const std::uint64_t h = p3 + p2_hi + p1_hi + (Q >> 32u);
+
+        return {h, x.e + y.e + 64};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief normalize x such that the significand is >= 2^(q-1)
+    @pre x.f != 0
+    */
+    static diyfp normalize(diyfp x) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.f != 0);
+
+        while ((x.f >> 63u) == 0)
+        {
+            x.f <<= 1u;
+            x.e--;
+        }
+
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief normalize x such that the result has the exponent E
+    @pre e >= x.e and the upper e - x.e bits of x.f must be zero.
+    */
+    static diyfp normalize_to(const diyfp& x, const int target_exponent) noexcept
+    {
+        const int delta = x.e - target_exponent;
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(delta >= 0);
+        JSON_ASSERT(((x.f << delta) >> delta) == x.f);
+
+        return {x.f << delta, target_exponent};
+    }
+};
+
+struct boundaries
+{
+    diyfp w;
+    diyfp minus;
+    diyfp plus;
+};
+
+/*!
+Compute the (normalized) diyfp representing the input number 'value' and its
+boundaries.
+
+@pre value must be finite and positive
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+boundaries compute_boundaries(FloatType value)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+    JSON_ASSERT(value > 0);
+
+    // Convert the IEEE representation into a diyfp.
+    //
+    // If v is denormal:
+    //      value = 0.F * 2^(1 - bias) = (          F) * 2^(1 - bias - (p-1))
+    // If v is normalized:
+    //      value = 1.F * 2^(E - bias) = (2^(p-1) + F) * 2^(E - bias - (p-1))
+
+    static_assert(std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::is_iec559,
+                  "internal error: dtoa_short requires an IEEE-754 floating-point implementation");
+
+    constexpr int      kPrecision = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits; // = p (includes the hidden bit)
+    constexpr int      kBias      = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_exponent - 1 + (kPrecision - 1);
+    constexpr int      kMinExp    = 1 - kBias;
+    constexpr std::uint64_t kHiddenBit = std::uint64_t{1} << (kPrecision - 1); // = 2^(p-1)
+
+    using bits_type = typename std::conditional<kPrecision == 24, std::uint32_t, std::uint64_t >::type;
+
+    const auto bits = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(reinterpret_bits<bits_type>(value));
+    const std::uint64_t E = bits >> (kPrecision - 1);
+    const std::uint64_t F = bits & (kHiddenBit - 1);
+
+    const bool is_denormal = E == 0;
+    const diyfp v = is_denormal
+                    ? diyfp(F, kMinExp)
+                    : diyfp(F + kHiddenBit, static_cast<int>(E) - kBias);
+
+    // Compute the boundaries m- and m+ of the floating-point value
+    // v = f * 2^e.
+    //
+    // Determine v- and v+, the floating-point predecessor and successor if v,
+    // respectively.
+    //
+    //      v- = v - 2^e        if f != 2^(p-1) or e == e_min                (A)
+    //         = v - 2^(e-1)    if f == 2^(p-1) and e > e_min                (B)
+    //
+    //      v+ = v + 2^e
+    //
+    // Let m- = (v- + v) / 2 and m+ = (v + v+) / 2. All real numbers _strictly_
+    // between m- and m+ round to v, regardless of how the input rounding
+    // algorithm breaks ties.
+    //
+    //      ---+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---  (A)
+    //         v-            m-            v             m+            v+
+    //
+    //      -----------------+------+------+-------------+-------------+---  (B)
+    //                       v-     m-     v             m+            v+
+
+    const bool lower_boundary_is_closer = F == 0 && E > 1;
+    const diyfp m_plus = diyfp(2 * v.f + 1, v.e - 1);
+    const diyfp m_minus = lower_boundary_is_closer
+                          ? diyfp(4 * v.f - 1, v.e - 2)  // (B)
+                          : diyfp(2 * v.f - 1, v.e - 1); // (A)
+
+    // Determine the normalized w+ = m+.
+    const diyfp w_plus = diyfp::normalize(m_plus);
+
+    // Determine w- = m- such that e_(w-) = e_(w+).
+    const diyfp w_minus = diyfp::normalize_to(m_minus, w_plus.e);
+
+    return {diyfp::normalize(v), w_minus, w_plus};
+}
+
+// Given normalized diyfp w, Grisu needs to find a (normalized) cached
+// power-of-ten c, such that the exponent of the product c * w = f * 2^e lies
+// within a certain range [alpha, gamma] (Definition 3.2 from [1])
+//
+//      alpha <= e = e_c + e_w + q <= gamma
+//
+// or
+//
+//      f_c * f_w * 2^alpha <= f_c 2^(e_c) * f_w 2^(e_w) * 2^q
+//                          <= f_c * f_w * 2^gamma
+//
+// Since c and w are normalized, i.e. 2^(q-1) <= f < 2^q, this implies
+//
+//      2^(q-1) * 2^(q-1) * 2^alpha <= c * w * 2^q < 2^q * 2^q * 2^gamma
+//
+// or
+//
+//      2^(q - 2 + alpha) <= c * w < 2^(q + gamma)
+//
+// The choice of (alpha,gamma) determines the size of the table and the form of
+// the digit generation procedure. Using (alpha,gamma)=(-60,-32) works out well
+// in practice:
+//
+// The idea is to cut the number c * w = f * 2^e into two parts, which can be
+// processed independently: An integral part p1, and a fractional part p2:
+//
+//      f * 2^e = ( (f div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (f mod 2^-e) ) * 2^e
+//              = (f div 2^-e) + (f mod 2^-e) * 2^e
+//              = p1 + p2 * 2^e
+//
+// The conversion of p1 into decimal form requires a series of divisions and
+// modulos by (a power of) 10. These operations are faster for 32-bit than for
+// 64-bit integers, so p1 should ideally fit into a 32-bit integer. This can be
+// achieved by choosing
+//
+//      -e >= 32   or   e <= -32 := gamma
+//
+// In order to convert the fractional part
+//
+//      p2 * 2^e = p2 / 2^-e = d[-1] / 10^1 + d[-2] / 10^2 + ...
+//
+// into decimal form, the fraction is repeatedly multiplied by 10 and the digits
+// d[-i] are extracted in order:
+//
+//      (10 * p2) div 2^-e = d[-1]
+//      (10 * p2) mod 2^-e = d[-2] / 10^1 + ...
+//
+// The multiplication by 10 must not overflow. It is sufficient to choose
+//
+//      10 * p2 < 16 * p2 = 2^4 * p2 <= 2^64.
+//
+// Since p2 = f mod 2^-e < 2^-e,
+//
+//      -e <= 60   or   e >= -60 := alpha
+
+constexpr int kAlpha = -60;
+constexpr int kGamma = -32;
+
+struct cached_power // c = f * 2^e ~= 10^k
+{
+    std::uint64_t f;
+    int e;
+    int k;
+};
+
+/*!
+For a normalized diyfp w = f * 2^e, this function returns a (normalized) cached
+power-of-ten c = f_c * 2^e_c, such that the exponent of the product w * c
+satisfies (Definition 3.2 from [1])
+
+     alpha <= e_c + e + q <= gamma.
+*/
+inline cached_power get_cached_power_for_binary_exponent(int e)
+{
+    // Now
+    //
+    //      alpha <= e_c + e + q <= gamma                                    (1)
+    //      ==> f_c * 2^alpha <= c * 2^e * 2^q
+    //
+    // and since the c's are normalized, 2^(q-1) <= f_c,
+    //
+    //      ==> 2^(q - 1 + alpha) <= c * 2^(e + q)
+    //      ==> 2^(alpha - e - 1) <= c
+    //
+    // If c were an exact power of ten, i.e. c = 10^k, one may determine k as
+    //
+    //      k = ceil( log_10( 2^(alpha - e - 1) ) )
+    //        = ceil( (alpha - e - 1) * log_10(2) )
+    //
+    // From the paper:
+    // "In theory the result of the procedure could be wrong since c is rounded,
+    //  and the computation itself is approximated [...]. In practice, however,
+    //  this simple function is sufficient."
+    //
+    // For IEEE double precision floating-point numbers converted into
+    // normalized diyfp's w = f * 2^e, with q = 64,
+    //
+    //      e >= -1022      (min IEEE exponent)
+    //           -52        (p - 1)
+    //           -52        (p - 1, possibly normalize denormal IEEE numbers)
+    //           -11        (normalize the diyfp)
+    //         = -1137
+    //
+    // and
+    //
+    //      e <= +1023      (max IEEE exponent)
+    //           -52        (p - 1)
+    //           -11        (normalize the diyfp)
+    //         = 960
+    //
+    // This binary exponent range [-1137,960] results in a decimal exponent
+    // range [-307,324]. One does not need to store a cached power for each
+    // k in this range. For each such k it suffices to find a cached power
+    // such that the exponent of the product lies in [alpha,gamma].
+    // This implies that the difference of the decimal exponents of adjacent
+    // table entries must be less than or equal to
+    //
+    //      floor( (gamma - alpha) * log_10(2) ) = 8.
+    //
+    // (A smaller distance gamma-alpha would require a larger table.)
+
+    // NB:
+    // Actually this function returns c, such that -60 <= e_c + e + 64 <= -34.
+
+    constexpr int kCachedPowersMinDecExp = -300;
+    constexpr int kCachedPowersDecStep = 8;
+
+    static constexpr std::array<cached_power, 79> kCachedPowers =
+    {
+        {
+            { 0xAB70FE17C79AC6CA, -1060, -300 },
+            { 0xFF77B1FCBEBCDC4F, -1034, -292 },
+            { 0xBE5691EF416BD60C, -1007, -284 },
+            { 0x8DD01FAD907FFC3C,  -980, -276 },
+            { 0xD3515C2831559A83,  -954, -268 },
+            { 0x9D71AC8FADA6C9B5,  -927, -260 },
+            { 0xEA9C227723EE8BCB,  -901, -252 },
+            { 0xAECC49914078536D,  -874, -244 },
+            { 0x823C12795DB6CE57,  -847, -236 },
+            { 0xC21094364DFB5637,  -821, -228 },
+            { 0x9096EA6F3848984F,  -794, -220 },
+            { 0xD77485CB25823AC7,  -768, -212 },
+            { 0xA086CFCD97BF97F4,  -741, -204 },
+            { 0xEF340A98172AACE5,  -715, -196 },
+            { 0xB23867FB2A35B28E,  -688, -188 },
+            { 0x84C8D4DFD2C63F3B,  -661, -180 },
+            { 0xC5DD44271AD3CDBA,  -635, -172 },
+            { 0x936B9FCEBB25C996,  -608, -164 },
+            { 0xDBAC6C247D62A584,  -582, -156 },
+            { 0xA3AB66580D5FDAF6,  -555, -148 },
+            { 0xF3E2F893DEC3F126,  -529, -140 },
+            { 0xB5B5ADA8AAFF80B8,  -502, -132 },
+            { 0x87625F056C7C4A8B,  -475, -124 },
+            { 0xC9BCFF6034C13053,  -449, -116 },
+            { 0x964E858C91BA2655,  -422, -108 },
+            { 0xDFF9772470297EBD,  -396, -100 },
+            { 0xA6DFBD9FB8E5B88F,  -369,  -92 },
+            { 0xF8A95FCF88747D94,  -343,  -84 },
+            { 0xB94470938FA89BCF,  -316,  -76 },
+            { 0x8A08F0F8BF0F156B,  -289,  -68 },
+            { 0xCDB02555653131B6,  -263,  -60 },
+            { 0x993FE2C6D07B7FAC,  -236,  -52 },
+            { 0xE45C10C42A2B3B06,  -210,  -44 },
+            { 0xAA242499697392D3,  -183,  -36 },
+            { 0xFD87B5F28300CA0E,  -157,  -28 },
+            { 0xBCE5086492111AEB,  -130,  -20 },
+            { 0x8CBCCC096F5088CC,  -103,  -12 },
+            { 0xD1B71758E219652C,   -77,   -4 },
+            { 0x9C40000000000000,   -50,    4 },
+            { 0xE8D4A51000000000,   -24,   12 },
+            { 0xAD78EBC5AC620000,     3,   20 },
+            { 0x813F3978F8940984,    30,   28 },
+            { 0xC097CE7BC90715B3,    56,   36 },
+            { 0x8F7E32CE7BEA5C70,    83,   44 },
+            { 0xD5D238A4ABE98068,   109,   52 },
+            { 0x9F4F2726179A2245,   136,   60 },
+            { 0xED63A231D4C4FB27,   162,   68 },
+            { 0xB0DE65388CC8ADA8,   189,   76 },
+            { 0x83C7088E1AAB65DB,   216,   84 },
+            { 0xC45D1DF942711D9A,   242,   92 },
+            { 0x924D692CA61BE758,   269,  100 },
+            { 0xDA01EE641A708DEA,   295,  108 },
+            { 0xA26DA3999AEF774A,   322,  116 },
+            { 0xF209787BB47D6B85,   348,  124 },
+            { 0xB454E4A179DD1877,   375,  132 },
+            { 0x865B86925B9BC5C2,   402,  140 },
+            { 0xC83553C5C8965D3D,   428,  148 },
+            { 0x952AB45CFA97A0B3,   455,  156 },
+            { 0xDE469FBD99A05FE3,   481,  164 },
+            { 0xA59BC234DB398C25,   508,  172 },
+            { 0xF6C69A72A3989F5C,   534,  180 },
+            { 0xB7DCBF5354E9BECE,   561,  188 },
+            { 0x88FCF317F22241E2,   588,  196 },
+            { 0xCC20CE9BD35C78A5,   614,  204 },
+            { 0x98165AF37B2153DF,   641,  212 },
+            { 0xE2A0B5DC971F303A,   667,  220 },
+            { 0xA8D9D1535CE3B396,   694,  228 },
+            { 0xFB9B7CD9A4A7443C,   720,  236 },
+            { 0xBB764C4CA7A44410,   747,  244 },
+            { 0x8BAB8EEFB6409C1A,   774,  252 },
+            { 0xD01FEF10A657842C,   800,  260 },
+            { 0x9B10A4E5E9913129,   827,  268 },
+            { 0xE7109BFBA19C0C9D,   853,  276 },
+            { 0xAC2820D9623BF429,   880,  284 },
+            { 0x80444B5E7AA7CF85,   907,  292 },
+            { 0xBF21E44003ACDD2D,   933,  300 },
+            { 0x8E679C2F5E44FF8F,   960,  308 },
+            { 0xD433179D9C8CB841,   986,  316 },
+            { 0x9E19DB92B4E31BA9,  1013,  324 },
+        }
+    };
+
+    // This computation gives exactly the same results for k as
+    //      k = ceil((kAlpha - e - 1) * 0.30102999566398114)
+    // for |e| <= 1500, but doesn't require floating-point operations.
+    // NB: log_10(2) ~= 78913 / 2^18
+    JSON_ASSERT(e >= -1500);
+    JSON_ASSERT(e <=  1500);
+    const int f = kAlpha - e - 1;
+    const int k = (f * 78913) / (1 << 18) + static_cast<int>(f > 0);
+
+    const int index = (-kCachedPowersMinDecExp + k + (kCachedPowersDecStep - 1)) / kCachedPowersDecStep;
+    JSON_ASSERT(index >= 0);
+    JSON_ASSERT(static_cast<std::size_t>(index) < kCachedPowers.size());
+
+    const cached_power cached = kCachedPowers[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    JSON_ASSERT(kAlpha <= cached.e + e + 64);
+    JSON_ASSERT(kGamma >= cached.e + e + 64);
+
+    return cached;
+}
+
+/*!
+For n != 0, returns k, such that pow10 := 10^(k-1) <= n < 10^k.
+For n == 0, returns 1 and sets pow10 := 1.
+*/
+inline int find_largest_pow10(const std::uint32_t n, std::uint32_t& pow10)
+{
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    if (n >= 1000000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000000000;
+        return 10;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    if (n >= 100000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100000000;
+        return  9;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10000000;
+        return  8;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000000;
+        return  7;
+    }
+    if (n >= 100000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100000;
+        return  6;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10000;
+        return  5;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000;
+        return  4;
+    }
+    if (n >= 100)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100;
+        return  3;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10;
+        return  2;
+    }
+
+    pow10 = 1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+inline void grisu2_round(char* buf, int len, std::uint64_t dist, std::uint64_t delta,
+                         std::uint64_t rest, std::uint64_t ten_k)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(len >= 1);
+    JSON_ASSERT(dist <= delta);
+    JSON_ASSERT(rest <= delta);
+    JSON_ASSERT(ten_k > 0);
+
+    //               <--------------------------- delta ---->
+    //                                  <---- dist --------->
+    // --------------[------------------+-------------------]--------------
+    //               M-                 w                   M+
+    //
+    //                                  ten_k
+    //                                <------>
+    //                                       <---- rest ---->
+    // --------------[------------------+----+--------------]--------------
+    //                                  w    V
+    //                                       = buf * 10^k
+    //
+    // ten_k represents a unit-in-the-last-place in the decimal representation
+    // stored in buf.
+    // Decrement buf by ten_k while this takes buf closer to w.
+
+    // The tests are written in this order to avoid overflow in unsigned
+    // integer arithmetic.
+
+    while (rest < dist
+            && delta - rest >= ten_k
+            && (rest + ten_k < dist || dist - rest > rest + ten_k - dist))
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(buf[len - 1] != '0');
+        buf[len - 1]--;
+        rest += ten_k;
+    }
+}
+
+/*!
+Generates V = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent, such that M- <= V <= M+.
+M- and M+ must be normalized and share the same exponent -60 <= e <= -32.
+*/
+inline void grisu2_digit_gen(char* buffer, int& length, int& decimal_exponent,
+                             diyfp M_minus, diyfp w, diyfp M_plus)
+{
+    static_assert(kAlpha >= -60, "internal error");
+    static_assert(kGamma <= -32, "internal error");
+
+    // Generates the digits (and the exponent) of a decimal floating-point
+    // number V = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent in the range [M-, M+]. The diyfp's
+    // w, M- and M+ share the same exponent e, which satisfies alpha <= e <= gamma.
+    //
+    //               <--------------------------- delta ---->
+    //                                  <---- dist --------->
+    // --------------[------------------+-------------------]--------------
+    //               M-                 w                   M+
+    //
+    // Grisu2 generates the digits of M+ from left to right and stops as soon as
+    // V is in [M-,M+].
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(M_plus.e >= kAlpha);
+    JSON_ASSERT(M_plus.e <= kGamma);
+
+    std::uint64_t delta = diyfp::sub(M_plus, M_minus).f; // (significand of (M+ - M-), implicit exponent is e)
+    std::uint64_t dist  = diyfp::sub(M_plus, w      ).f; // (significand of (M+ - w ), implicit exponent is e)
+
+    // Split M+ = f * 2^e into two parts p1 and p2 (note: e < 0):
+    //
+    //      M+ = f * 2^e
+    //         = ((f div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (f mod 2^-e)) * 2^e
+    //         = ((p1        ) * 2^-e + (p2        )) * 2^e
+    //         = p1 + p2 * 2^e
+
+    const diyfp one(std::uint64_t{1} << -M_plus.e, M_plus.e);
+
+    auto p1 = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(M_plus.f >> -one.e); // p1 = f div 2^-e (Since -e >= 32, p1 fits into a 32-bit int.)
+    std::uint64_t p2 = M_plus.f & (one.f - 1);                    // p2 = f mod 2^-e
+
+    // 1)
+    //
+    // Generate the digits of the integral part p1 = d[n-1]...d[1]d[0]
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(p1 > 0);
+
+    std::uint32_t pow10{};
+    const int k = find_largest_pow10(p1, pow10);
+
+    //      10^(k-1) <= p1 < 10^k, pow10 = 10^(k-1)
+    //
+    //      p1 = (p1 div 10^(k-1)) * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))
+    //         = (d[k-1]         ) * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))
+    //
+    //      M+ = p1                                             + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))          + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + ((p1 mod 10^(k-1)) * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + (                         rest) * 2^e
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits d[n] of p1 from left to right (n = k-1,...,0)
+    //
+    //      p1 = d[k-1]...d[n] * 10^n + d[n-1]...d[0]
+    //
+    // but stop as soon as
+    //
+    //      rest * 2^e = (d[n-1]...d[0] * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+
+    int n = k;
+    while (n > 0)
+    {
+        // Invariants:
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (p1 + p2 * 2^e)    (buffer = 0 for n = k)
+        //      pow10 = 10^(n-1) <= p1 < 10^n
+        //
+        const std::uint32_t d = p1 / pow10;  // d = p1 div 10^(n-1)
+        const std::uint32_t r = p1 % pow10;  // r = p1 mod 10^(n-1)
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (d * 10^(n-1) + r) + p2 * 2^e
+        //         = (buffer * 10 + d) * 10^(n-1) + (r + p2 * 2^e)
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(d <= 9);
+        buffer[length++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d); // buffer := buffer * 10 + d
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^(n-1) + (r + p2 * 2^e)
+        //
+        p1 = r;
+        n--;
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (p1 + p2 * 2^e)
+        //      pow10 = 10^n
+        //
+
+        // Now check if enough digits have been generated.
+        // Compute
+        //
+        //      p1 + p2 * 2^e = (p1 * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e = rest * 2^e
+        //
+        // Note:
+        // Since rest and delta share the same exponent e, it suffices to
+        // compare the significands.
+        const std::uint64_t rest = (std::uint64_t{p1} << -one.e) + p2;
+        if (rest <= delta)
+        {
+            // V = buffer * 10^n, with M- <= V <= M+.
+
+            decimal_exponent += n;
+
+            // We may now just stop. But instead look if the buffer could be
+            // decremented to bring V closer to w.
+            //
+            // pow10 = 10^n is now 1 ulp in the decimal representation V.
+            // The rounding procedure works with diyfp's with an implicit
+            // exponent of e.
+            //
+            //      10^n = (10^n * 2^-e) * 2^e = ulp * 2^e
+            //
+            const std::uint64_t ten_n = std::uint64_t{pow10} << -one.e;
+            grisu2_round(buffer, length, dist, delta, rest, ten_n);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        pow10 /= 10;
+        //
+        //      pow10 = 10^(n-1) <= p1 < 10^n
+        // Invariants restored.
+    }
+
+    // 2)
+    //
+    // The digits of the integral part have been generated:
+    //
+    //      M+ = d[k-1]...d[1]d[0] + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = buffer            + p2 * 2^e
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits of the fractional part p2 * 2^e.
+    //
+    // Note:
+    // No decimal point is generated: the exponent is adjusted instead.
+    //
+    // p2 actually represents the fraction
+    //
+    //      p2 * 2^e
+    //          = p2 / 2^-e
+    //          = d[-1] / 10^1 + d[-2] / 10^2 + ...
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits d[-m] of p1 from left to right (m = 1,2,...)
+    //
+    //      p2 * 2^e = d[-1]d[-2]...d[-m] * 10^-m
+    //                      + 10^-m * (d[-m-1] / 10^1 + d[-m-2] / 10^2 + ...)
+    //
+    // using
+    //
+    //      10^m * p2 = ((10^m * p2) div 2^-e) * 2^-e + ((10^m * p2) mod 2^-e)
+    //                = (                   d) * 2^-e + (                   r)
+    //
+    // or
+    //      10^m * p2 * 2^e = d + r * 2^e
+    //
+    // i.e.
+    //
+    //      M+ = buffer + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = buffer + 10^-m * (d + r * 2^e)
+    //         = (buffer * 10^m + d) * 10^-m + 10^-m * r * 2^e
+    //
+    // and stop as soon as 10^-m * r * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(p2 > delta);
+
+    int m = 0;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        // Invariant:
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (d[-m-1] / 10 + d[-m-2] / 10^2 + ...) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (p2                                 ) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (10 * p2)                   ) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * ((10*p2 div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (10*p2 mod 2^-e)) * 2^e
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(p2 <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)() / 10);
+        p2 *= 10;
+        const std::uint64_t d = p2 >> -one.e;     // d = (10 * p2) div 2^-e
+        const std::uint64_t r = p2 & (one.f - 1); // r = (10 * p2) mod 2^-e
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (d * 2^-e + r) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (d + r * 2^e))
+        //         = (buffer * 10 + d) * 10^(-m-1) + 10^(-m-1) * r * 2^e
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(d <= 9);
+        buffer[length++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d); // buffer := buffer * 10 + d
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^(-m-1) + 10^(-m-1) * r * 2^e
+        //
+        p2 = r;
+        m++;
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * p2 * 2^e
+        // Invariant restored.
+
+        // Check if enough digits have been generated.
+        //
+        //      10^-m * p2 * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+        //              p2 * 2^e <= 10^m * delta * 2^e
+        //                    p2 <= 10^m * delta
+        delta *= 10;
+        dist  *= 10;
+        if (p2 <= delta)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // V = buffer * 10^-m, with M- <= V <= M+.
+
+    decimal_exponent -= m;
+
+    // 1 ulp in the decimal representation is now 10^-m.
+    // Since delta and dist are now scaled by 10^m, we need to do the
+    // same with ulp in order to keep the units in sync.
+    //
+    //      10^m * 10^-m = 1 = 2^-e * 2^e = ten_m * 2^e
+    //
+    const std::uint64_t ten_m = one.f;
+    grisu2_round(buffer, length, dist, delta, p2, ten_m);
+
+    // By construction this algorithm generates the shortest possible decimal
+    // number (Loitsch, Theorem 6.2) which rounds back to w.
+    // For an input number of precision p, at least
+    //
+    //      N = 1 + ceil(p * log_10(2))
+    //
+    // decimal digits are sufficient to identify all binary floating-point
+    // numbers (Matula, "In-and-Out conversions").
+    // This implies that the algorithm does not produce more than N decimal
+    // digits.
+    //
+    //      N = 17 for p = 53 (IEEE double precision)
+    //      N = 9  for p = 24 (IEEE single precision)
+}
+
+/*!
+v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+len is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+The buffer must be large enough, i.e. >= max_digits10.
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline void grisu2(char* buf, int& len, int& decimal_exponent,
+                   diyfp m_minus, diyfp v, diyfp m_plus)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(m_plus.e == m_minus.e);
+    JSON_ASSERT(m_plus.e == v.e);
+
+    //  --------(-----------------------+-----------------------)--------    (A)
+    //          m-                      v                       m+
+    //
+    //  --------------------(-----------+-----------------------)--------    (B)
+    //                      m-          v                       m+
+    //
+    // First scale v (and m- and m+) such that the exponent is in the range
+    // [alpha, gamma].
+
+    const cached_power cached = get_cached_power_for_binary_exponent(m_plus.e);
+
+    const diyfp c_minus_k(cached.f, cached.e); // = c ~= 10^-k
+
+    // The exponent of the products is = v.e + c_minus_k.e + q and is in the range [alpha,gamma]
+    const diyfp w       = diyfp::mul(v,       c_minus_k);
+    const diyfp w_minus = diyfp::mul(m_minus, c_minus_k);
+    const diyfp w_plus  = diyfp::mul(m_plus,  c_minus_k);
+
+    //  ----(---+---)---------------(---+---)---------------(---+---)----
+    //          w-                      w                       w+
+    //          = c*m-                  = c*v                   = c*m+
+    //
+    // diyfp::mul rounds its result and c_minus_k is approximated too. w, w- and
+    // w+ are now off by a small amount.
+    // In fact:
+    //
+    //      w - v * 10^k < 1 ulp
+    //
+    // To account for this inaccuracy, add resp. subtract 1 ulp.
+    //
+    //  --------+---[---------------(---+---)---------------]---+--------
+    //          w-  M-                  w                   M+  w+
+    //
+    // Now any number in [M-, M+] (bounds included) will round to w when input,
+    // regardless of how the input rounding algorithm breaks ties.
+    //
+    // And digit_gen generates the shortest possible such number in [M-, M+].
+    // Note that this does not mean that Grisu2 always generates the shortest
+    // possible number in the interval (m-, m+).
+    const diyfp M_minus(w_minus.f + 1, w_minus.e);
+    const diyfp M_plus (w_plus.f  - 1, w_plus.e );
+
+    decimal_exponent = -cached.k; // = -(-k) = k
+
+    grisu2_digit_gen(buf, len, decimal_exponent, M_minus, w, M_plus);
+}
+
+/*!
+v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+len is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+The buffer must be large enough, i.e. >= max_digits10.
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+void grisu2(char* buf, int& len, int& decimal_exponent, FloatType value)
+{
+    static_assert(diyfp::kPrecision >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits + 3,
+                  "internal error: not enough precision");
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+    JSON_ASSERT(value > 0);
+
+    // If the neighbors (and boundaries) of 'value' are always computed for double-precision
+    // numbers, all float's can be recovered using strtod (and strtof). However, the resulting
+    // decimal representations are not exactly "short".
+    //
+    // The documentation for 'std::to_chars' (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/to_chars)
+    // says "value is converted to a string as if by std::sprintf in the default ("C") locale"
+    // and since sprintf promotes float's to double's, I think this is exactly what 'std::to_chars'
+    // does.
+    // On the other hand, the documentation for 'std::to_chars' requires that "parsing the
+    // representation using the corresponding std::from_chars function recovers value exactly". That
+    // indicates that single precision floating-point numbers should be recovered using
+    // 'std::strtof'.
+    //
+    // NB: If the neighbors are computed for single-precision numbers, there is a single float
+    //     (7.0385307e-26f) which can't be recovered using strtod. The resulting double precision
+    //     value is off by 1 ulp.
+#if 0
+    const boundaries w = compute_boundaries(static_cast<double>(value));
+#else
+    const boundaries w = compute_boundaries(value);
+#endif
+
+    grisu2(buf, len, decimal_exponent, w.minus, w.w, w.plus);
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief appends a decimal representation of e to buf
+@return a pointer to the element following the exponent.
+@pre -1000 < e < 1000
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+inline char* append_exponent(char* buf, int e)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(e > -1000);
+    JSON_ASSERT(e <  1000);
+
+    if (e < 0)
+    {
+        e = -e;
+        *buf++ = '-';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *buf++ = '+';
+    }
+
+    auto k = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(e);
+    if (k < 10)
+    {
+        // Always print at least two digits in the exponent.
+        // This is for compatibility with printf("%g").
+        *buf++ = '0';
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+    else if (k < 100)
+    {
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 10);
+        k %= 10;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 100);
+        k %= 100;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 10);
+        k %= 10;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief prettify v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+
+If v is in the range [10^min_exp, 10^max_exp) it will be printed in fixed-point
+notation. Otherwise it will be printed in exponential notation.
+
+@pre min_exp < 0
+@pre max_exp > 0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+inline char* format_buffer(char* buf, int len, int decimal_exponent,
+                           int min_exp, int max_exp)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(min_exp < 0);
+    JSON_ASSERT(max_exp > 0);
+
+    const int k = len;
+    const int n = len + decimal_exponent;
+
+    // v = buf * 10^(n-k)
+    // k is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+    // n is the position of the decimal point relative to the start of the buffer.
+
+    if (k <= n && n <= max_exp)
+    {
+        // digits[000]
+        // len <= max_exp + 2
+
+        std::memset(buf + k, '0', static_cast<size_t>(n) - static_cast<size_t>(k));
+        // Make it look like a floating-point number (#362, #378)
+        buf[n + 0] = '.';
+        buf[n + 1] = '0';
+        return buf + (static_cast<size_t>(n) + 2);
+    }
+
+    if (0 < n && n <= max_exp)
+    {
+        // dig.its
+        // len <= max_digits10 + 1
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(k > n);
+
+        std::memmove(buf + (static_cast<size_t>(n) + 1), buf + n, static_cast<size_t>(k) - static_cast<size_t>(n));
+        buf[n] = '.';
+        return buf + (static_cast<size_t>(k) + 1U);
+    }
+
+    if (min_exp < n && n <= 0)
+    {
+        // 0.[000]digits
+        // len <= 2 + (-min_exp - 1) + max_digits10
+
+        std::memmove(buf + (2 + static_cast<size_t>(-n)), buf, static_cast<size_t>(k));
+        buf[0] = '0';
+        buf[1] = '.';
+        std::memset(buf + 2, '0', static_cast<size_t>(-n));
+        return buf + (2U + static_cast<size_t>(-n) + static_cast<size_t>(k));
+    }
+
+    if (k == 1)
+    {
+        // dE+123
+        // len <= 1 + 5
+
+        buf += 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // d.igitsE+123
+        // len <= max_digits10 + 1 + 5
+
+        std::memmove(buf + 2, buf + 1, static_cast<size_t>(k) - 1);
+        buf[1] = '.';
+        buf += 1 + static_cast<size_t>(k);
+    }
+
+    *buf++ = 'e';
+    return append_exponent(buf, n - 1);
+}
+
+} // namespace dtoa_impl
+
+/*!
+@brief generates a decimal representation of the floating-point number value in [first, last).
+
+The format of the resulting decimal representation is similar to printf's %g
+format. Returns an iterator pointing past-the-end of the decimal representation.
+
+@note The input number must be finite, i.e. NaN's and Inf's are not supported.
+@note The buffer must be large enough.
+@note The result is NOT null-terminated.
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1, 2)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+char* to_chars(char* first, const char* last, FloatType value)
+{
+    static_cast<void>(last); // maybe unused - fix warning
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+
+    // Use signbit(value) instead of (value < 0) since signbit works for -0.
+    if (std::signbit(value))
+    {
+        value = -value;
+        *first++ = '-';
+    }
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+    if (value == 0) // +-0
+    {
+        *first++ = '0';
+        // Make it look like a floating-point number (#362, #378)
+        *first++ = '.';
+        *first++ = '0';
+        return first;
+    }
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+
+    // Compute v = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent.
+    // The decimal digits are stored in the buffer, which needs to be interpreted
+    // as an unsigned decimal integer.
+    // len is the length of the buffer, i.e. the number of decimal digits.
+    int len = 0;
+    int decimal_exponent = 0;
+    dtoa_impl::grisu2(first, len, decimal_exponent, value);
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(len <= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+
+    // Format the buffer like printf("%.*g", prec, value)
+    constexpr int kMinExp = -4;
+    // Use digits10 here to increase compatibility with version 2.
+    constexpr int kMaxExp = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10;
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= kMaxExp + 2);
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= 2 + (-kMinExp - 1) + std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10 + 6);
+
+    return dtoa_impl::format_buffer(first, len, decimal_exponent, kMinExp, kMaxExp);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08462a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // copy
+#include <iterator> // begin, end
+#include <string> // string
+#include <tuple> // tuple, get
+#include <type_traits> // is_same, is_constructible, is_floating_point, is_enum, underlying_type
+#include <utility> // move, forward, declval, pair
+#include <valarray> // valarray
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+//////////////////
+// constructors //
+//////////////////
+
+/*
+ * Note all external_constructor<>::construct functions need to call
+ * j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type) to avoid a memory leak in case j contains an
+ * allocated value (e.g., a string). See bug issue
+ * https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2865 for more information.
+ */
+
+template<value_t> struct external_constructor;
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::boolean>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t b) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::boolean;
+        j.m_value = b;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::string>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::string_t& s)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value = s;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t&& s)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value = std::move(s);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleStringType, typename BasicJsonType::string_t>::value,
+                             int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleStringType& str)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value.string = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::string_t>(str);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::binary>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& b)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        j.m_value = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t(b);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t&& b)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        j.m_value = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t(std::move(b));;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_float>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_float;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_unsigned>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_unsigned;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_integer;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::array>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = arr;
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t&& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = std::move(arr);
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename BasicJsonType::array_t>::value,
+                             int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleArrayType& arr)
+    {
+        using std::begin;
+        using std::end;
+
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::array_t>(begin(arr), end(arr));
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const std::vector<bool>& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array->reserve(arr.size());
+        for (const bool x : arr)
+        {
+            j.m_value.array->push_back(x);
+            j.set_parent(j.m_value.array->back());
+        }
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+             enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<T, BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const std::valarray<T>& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array->resize(arr.size());
+        if (arr.size() > 0)
+        {
+            std::copy(std::begin(arr), std::end(arr), j.m_value.array->begin());
+        }
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::object>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& obj)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value = obj;
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::object_t&& obj)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value = std::move(obj);
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleObjectType, typename BasicJsonType::object_t>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleObjectType& obj)
+    {
+        using std::begin;
+        using std::end;
+
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value.object = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::object_t>(begin(obj), end(obj));
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+/////////////
+// to_json //
+/////////////
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T b) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::boolean>::construct(j, b);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleString,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t, CompatibleString>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleString& s)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::string>::construct(j, s);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t&& s)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::string>::construct(j, std::move(s));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename FloatType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, FloatType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_float>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleNumberUnsignedType,
+         enable_if_t<is_compatible_integer_type<typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t, CompatibleNumberUnsignedType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, CompatibleNumberUnsignedType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_unsigned>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+         enable_if_t<is_compatible_integer_type<typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, CompatibleNumberIntegerType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename EnumType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_enum<EnumType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, EnumType e) noexcept
+{
+    using underlying_type = typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type;
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>::construct(j, static_cast<underlying_type>(e));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::vector<bool>& e)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, e);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType,
+           enable_if_t < is_compatible_array_type<BasicJsonType,
+                         CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_compatible_object_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_compatible_string_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !std::is_same<typename BasicJsonType::binary_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_basic_json<CompatibleArrayType>::value,
+                         int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleArrayType& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, arr);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& bin)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::binary>::construct(j, bin);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<T, BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::valarray<T>& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, std::move(arr));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t&& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, std::move(arr));
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+           enable_if_t < is_compatible_object_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType>::value&& !is_basic_json<CompatibleObjectType>::value, int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleObjectType& obj)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::object>::construct(j, obj);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::object_t&& obj)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::object>::construct(j, std::move(obj));
+}
+
+template <
+    typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N,
+    enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t,
+                  const T(&)[N]>::value, // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+                  int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T(&arr)[N]) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, arr);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T1, typename T2, enable_if_t < std::is_constructible<BasicJsonType, T1>::value&& std::is_constructible<BasicJsonType, T2>::value, int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::pair<T1, T2>& p)
+{
+    j = { p.first, p.second };
+}
+
+// for https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1134
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, iteration_proxy_value<typename BasicJsonType::iterator>>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& b)
+{
+    j = { {b.key(), b.value()} };
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Idx>
+void to_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType& j, const Tuple& t, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    j = { std::get<Idx>(t)... };
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, enable_if_t<is_constructible_tuple<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int > = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& t)
+{
+    to_json_tuple_impl(j, t, make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value> {});
+}
+
+struct to_json_fn
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+    auto operator()(BasicJsonType& j, T&& val) const noexcept(noexcept(to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val))))
+    -> decltype(to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val)), void())
+    {
+        return to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// namespace to hold default `to_json` function
+/// to see why this is required:
+/// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
+{
+constexpr const auto& to_json = detail::static_const<detail::to_json_fn>::value; // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
+} // namespace
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02f1b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <exception> // exception
+#include <stdexcept> // runtime_error
+#include <string> // to_string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+////////////////
+// exceptions //
+////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief general exception of the @ref basic_json class
+
+This class is an extension of `std::exception` objects with a member @a id for
+exception ids. It is used as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the
+@ref basic_json class. This class can hence be used as "wildcard" to catch
+exceptions.
+
+Subclasses:
+- @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+- @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+- @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                  a wrong type
+- @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+- @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@internal
+@note To have nothrow-copy-constructible exceptions, we internally use
+      `std::runtime_error` which can cope with arbitrary-length error messages.
+      Intermediate strings are built with static functions and then passed to
+      the actual constructor.
+@endinternal
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how arbitrary library exceptions can be
+caught.,exception}
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class exception : public std::exception
+{
+  public:
+    /// returns the explanatory string
+    const char* what() const noexcept override
+    {
+        return m.what();
+    }
+
+    /// the id of the exception
+    const int id; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-non-private-member-variables-in-classes)
+
+  protected:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    exception(int id_, const char* what_arg) : id(id_), m(what_arg) {}
+
+    static std::string name(const std::string& ename, int id_)
+    {
+        return "[json.exception." + ename + "." + std::to_string(id_) + "] ";
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static std::string diagnostics(const BasicJsonType& leaf_element)
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+        for (const auto* current = &leaf_element; current->m_parent != nullptr; current = current->m_parent)
+        {
+            switch (current->m_parent->type())
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < current->m_parent->m_value.array->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        if (&current->m_parent->m_value.array->operator[](i) == current)
+                        {
+                            tokens.emplace_back(std::to_string(i));
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    for (const auto& element : *current->m_parent->m_value.object)
+                    {
+                        if (&element.second == current)
+                        {
+                            tokens.emplace_back(element.first.c_str());
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::string: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::boolean: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_integer: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_unsigned: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_float: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::binary: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::discarded: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                default:   // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    break; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (tokens.empty())
+        {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        return "(" + std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
+                                     [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
+        {
+            return a + "/" + detail::escape(b);
+        }) + ") ";
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(leaf_element);
+        return "";
+#endif
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// an exception object as storage for error messages
+    std::runtime_error m;
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating a parse error
+
+This exception is thrown by the library when a parse error occurs. Parse errors
+can occur during the deserialization of JSON text, CBOR, MessagePack, as well
+as when using JSON Patch.
+
+Member @a byte holds the byte index of the last read character in the input
+file.
+
+Exceptions have ids 1xx.
+
+name / id                      | example message | description
+------------------------------ | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.parse_error.101 | parse error at 2: unexpected end of input; expected string literal | This error indicates a syntax error while deserializing a JSON text. The error message describes that an unexpected token (character) was encountered, and the member @a byte indicates the error position.
+json.exception.parse_error.102 | parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate | JSON uses the `\uxxxx` format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above above 0xFFFF are split into two `\uxxxx` entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.
+json.exception.parse_error.103 | parse error: code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid | Unicode supports code points up to 0x10FFFF. Code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid.
+json.exception.parse_error.104 | parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects | [RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902) requires a JSON Patch document to be a JSON document that represents an array of objects.
+json.exception.parse_error.105 | parse error: operation must have string member 'op' | An operation of a JSON Patch document must contain exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform. Its value must be one of "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or "test"; other values are errors.
+json.exception.parse_error.106 | parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0' | An array index in a JSON Pointer ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) may be `0` or any number without a leading `0`.
+json.exception.parse_error.107 | parse error: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo' | A JSON Pointer must be a Unicode string containing a sequence of zero or more reference tokens, each prefixed by a `/` character.
+json.exception.parse_error.108 | parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1' | In a JSON Pointer, only `~0` and `~1` are valid escape sequences.
+json.exception.parse_error.109 | parse error: array index 'one' is not a number | A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
+json.exception.parse_error.110 | parse error at 1: cannot read 2 bytes from vector | When parsing CBOR or MessagePack, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.
+json.exception.parse_error.112 | parse error at 1: error reading CBOR; last byte: 0xF8 | Not all types of CBOR or MessagePack are supported. This exception occurs if an unsupported byte was read.
+json.exception.parse_error.113 | parse error at 2: expected a CBOR string; last byte: 0x98 | While parsing a map key, a value that is not a string has been read.
+json.exception.parse_error.114 | parse error: Unsupported BSON record type 0x0F | The parsing of the corresponding BSON record type is not implemented (yet).
+json.exception.parse_error.115 | parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1A | A UBJSON high-precision number could not be parsed.
+
+@note For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1
+      is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also
+      holds true when reading a byte vector (CBOR or MessagePack).
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how a `parse_error` exception can be
+caught.,parse_error}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class parse_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a parse error exception
+    @param[in] id_       the id of the exception
+    @param[in] pos       the position where the error occurred (or with
+                         chars_read_total=0 if the position cannot be
+                         determined)
+    @param[in] what_arg  the explanatory string
+    @return parse_error object
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static parse_error create(int id_, const position_t& pos, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("parse_error", id_) + "parse error" +
+                        position_string(pos) + ": " + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return parse_error(id_, pos.chars_read_total, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static parse_error create(int id_, std::size_t byte_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("parse_error", id_) + "parse error" +
+                        (byte_ != 0 ? (" at byte " + std::to_string(byte_)) : "") +
+                        ": " + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return parse_error(id_, byte_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief byte index of the parse error
+
+    The byte index of the last read character in the input file.
+
+    @note For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and
+          n+1 is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file.
+          This also holds true when reading a byte vector (CBOR or MessagePack).
+    */
+    const std::size_t byte;
+
+  private:
+    parse_error(int id_, std::size_t byte_, const char* what_arg)
+        : exception(id_, what_arg), byte(byte_) {}
+
+    static std::string position_string(const position_t& pos)
+    {
+        return " at line " + std::to_string(pos.lines_read + 1) +
+               ", column " + std::to_string(pos.chars_read_current_line);
+    }
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating errors with iterators
+
+This exception is thrown if iterators passed to a library function do not match
+the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 2xx.
+
+name / id                           | example message | description
+----------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.201 | iterators are not compatible | The iterators passed to constructor @ref basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last) are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (@a first, @a last) is invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.202 | iterator does not fit current value | In an erase or insert function, the passed iterator @a pos does not belong to the JSON value for which the function was called. It hence does not define a valid position for the deletion/insertion.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.203 | iterators do not fit current value | Either iterator passed to function @ref erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last) does not belong to the JSON value from which values shall be erased. It hence does not define a valid range to delete values from.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.204 | iterators out of range | When an iterator range for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to a constructor or an erase function, this range has to be exactly (@ref begin(), @ref end()), because this is the only way the single stored value is expressed. All other ranges are invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.205 | iterator out of range | When an iterator for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to an erase function, the iterator has to be the @ref begin() iterator, because it is the only way to address the stored value. All other iterators are invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.206 | cannot construct with iterators from null | The iterators passed to constructor @ref basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last) belong to a JSON null value and hence to not define a valid range.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.207 | cannot use key() for non-object iterators | The key() member function can only be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because other types do not have a concept of a key.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.208 | cannot use operator[] for object iterators | The operator[] to specify a concrete offset cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.209 | cannot use offsets with object iterators | The offset operators (+, -, +=, -=) cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.210 | iterators do not fit | The iterator range passed to the insert function are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (@a first, @a last) is invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.211 | passed iterators may not belong to container | The iterator range passed to the insert function must not be a subrange of the container to insert to.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.212 | cannot compare iterators of different containers | When two iterators are compared, they must belong to the same container.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.213 | cannot compare order of object iterators | The order of object iterators cannot be compared, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.214 | cannot get value | Cannot get value for iterator: Either the iterator belongs to a null value or it is an iterator to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but the iterator is different to @ref begin().
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `invalid_iterator` exception can be
+caught.,invalid_iterator}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class invalid_iterator : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static invalid_iterator create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("invalid_iterator", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return invalid_iterator(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    invalid_iterator(int id_, const char* what_arg)
+        : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating executing a member function with a wrong type
+
+This exception is thrown in case of a type error; that is, a library function is
+executed on a JSON value whose type does not match the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 3xx.
+
+name / id                     | example message | description
+----------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.type_error.301 | cannot create object from initializer list | To create an object from an initializer list, the initializer list must consist only of a list of pairs whose first element is a string. When this constraint is violated, an array is created instead.
+json.exception.type_error.302 | type must be object, but is array | During implicit or explicit value conversion, the JSON type must be compatible to the target type. For instance, a JSON string can only be converted into string types, but not into numbers or boolean types.
+json.exception.type_error.303 | incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object | To retrieve a reference to a value stored in a @ref basic_json object with @ref get_ref, the type of the reference must match the value type. For instance, for a JSON array, the @a ReferenceType must be @ref array_t &.
+json.exception.type_error.304 | cannot use at() with string | The @ref at() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.305 | cannot use operator[] with string | The @ref operator[] member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.306 | cannot use value() with string | The @ref value() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.307 | cannot use erase() with string | The @ref erase() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.308 | cannot use push_back() with string | The @ref push_back() and @ref operator+= member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.309 | cannot use insert() with | The @ref insert() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.310 | cannot use swap() with number | The @ref swap() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.311 | cannot use emplace_back() with string | The @ref emplace_back() member function can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.312 | cannot use update() with string | The @ref update() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.313 | invalid value to unflatten | The @ref unflatten function converts an object whose keys are JSON Pointers back into an arbitrary nested JSON value. The JSON Pointers must not overlap, because then the resulting value would not be well defined.
+json.exception.type_error.314 | only objects can be unflattened | The @ref unflatten function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers.
+json.exception.type_error.315 | values in object must be primitive | The @ref unflatten function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers and whose values are primitive.
+json.exception.type_error.316 | invalid UTF-8 byte at index 10: 0x7E | The @ref dump function only works with UTF-8 encoded strings; that is, if you assign a `std::string` to a JSON value, make sure it is UTF-8 encoded. |
+json.exception.type_error.317 | JSON value cannot be serialized to requested format | The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serialization format (e.g. a raw `true` or `null` JSON object cannot be serialized to BSON) |
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how a `type_error` exception can be
+caught.,type_error}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class type_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static type_error create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("type_error", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return type_error(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    type_error(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating access out of the defined range
+
+This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input
+parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance in case of array
+indices or nonexisting object keys.
+
+Exceptions have ids 4xx.
+
+name / id                       | example message | description
+------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.out_of_range.401 | array index 3 is out of range | The provided array index @a i is larger than @a size-1.
+json.exception.out_of_range.402 | array index '-' (3) is out of range | The special array index `-` in a JSON Pointer never describes a valid element of the array, but the index past the end. That is, it can only be used to add elements at this position, but not to read it.
+json.exception.out_of_range.403 | key 'foo' not found | The provided key was not found in the JSON object.
+json.exception.out_of_range.404 | unresolved reference token 'foo' | A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved.
+json.exception.out_of_range.405 | JSON pointer has no parent | The JSON Patch operations 'remove' and 'add' can not be applied to the root element of the JSON value.
+json.exception.out_of_range.406 | number overflow parsing '10E1000' | A parsed number could not be stored as without changing it to NaN or INF.
+json.exception.out_of_range.407 | number overflow serializing '9223372036854775808' | UBJSON and BSON only support integer numbers up to 9223372036854775807. (until version 3.8.0) |
+json.exception.out_of_range.408 | excessive array size: 8658170730974374167 | The size (following `#`) of an UBJSON array or object exceeds the maximal capacity. |
+json.exception.out_of_range.409 | BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2) | Key identifiers to be serialized to BSON cannot contain code point U+0000, since the key is stored as zero-terminated c-string |
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `out_of_range` exception can be
+caught.,out_of_range}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class out_of_range : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static out_of_range create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("out_of_range", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return out_of_range(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    out_of_range(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating other library errors
+
+This exception is thrown in case of errors that cannot be classified with the
+other exception types.
+
+Exceptions have ids 5xx.
+
+name / id                      | example message | description
+------------------------------ | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.other_error.501 | unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/baz", "value":"bar"} | A JSON Patch operation 'test' failed. The unsuccessful operation is also printed.
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `other_error` exception can be
+caught.,other_error}
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class other_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static other_error create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("other_error", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return other_error(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    other_error(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac07c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <functional> // hash
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+// boost::hash_combine
+inline std::size_t combine(std::size_t seed, std::size_t h) noexcept
+{
+    seed ^= h + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6U) + (seed >> 2U);
+    return seed;
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief hash a JSON value
+
+The hash function tries to rely on std::hash where possible. Furthermore, the
+type of the JSON value is taken into account to have different hash values for
+null, 0, 0U, and false, etc.
+
+@tparam BasicJsonType basic_json specialization
+@param j JSON value to hash
+@return hash value of j
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+std::size_t hash(const BasicJsonType& j)
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+
+    const auto type = static_cast<std::size_t>(j.type());
+    switch (j.type())
+    {
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::null:
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::discarded:
+        {
+            return combine(type, 0);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::object:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.size());
+            for (const auto& element : j.items())
+            {
+                const auto h = std::hash<string_t> {}(element.key());
+                seed = combine(seed, h);
+                seed = combine(seed, hash(element.value()));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::array:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.size());
+            for (const auto& element : j)
+            {
+                seed = combine(seed, hash(element));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::string:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<string_t> {}(j.template get_ref<const string_t&>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::boolean:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<bool> {}(j.template get<bool>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_integer_t> {}(j.template get<number_integer_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_unsigned_t> {}(j.template get<number_unsigned_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_float_t> {}(j.template get<number_float_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::binary:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.get_binary().size());
+            const auto h = std::hash<bool> {}(j.get_binary().has_subtype());
+            seed = combine(seed, h);
+            seed = combine(seed, static_cast<std::size_t>(j.get_binary().subtype()));
+            for (const auto byte : j.get_binary())
+            {
+                seed = combine(seed, std::hash<std::uint8_t> {}(byte));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        default:                   // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            return 0;              // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b65ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2524 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // generate_n
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath> // ldexp
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <iterator> // back_inserter
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // char_traits, string
+#include <utility> // make_pair, move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/// how to treat CBOR tags
+enum class cbor_tag_handler_t
+{
+    error,   ///< throw a parse_error exception in case of a tag
+    ignore,  ///< ignore tags
+    store    ///< store tags as binary type
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief determine system byte order
+
+@return true if and only if system's byte order is little endian
+
+@note from https://stackoverflow.com/a/1001328/266378
+*/
+static inline bool little_endianess(int num = 1) noexcept
+{
+    return *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&num) == 1;
+}
+
+
+///////////////////
+// binary reader //
+///////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief deserialization of CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON values
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType, typename SAX = json_sax_dom_parser<BasicJsonType>>
+class binary_reader
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using json_sax_t = SAX;
+    using char_type = typename InputAdapterType::char_type;
+    using char_int_type = typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a binary reader
+
+    @param[in] adapter  input adapter to read from
+    */
+    explicit binary_reader(InputAdapterType&& adapter) noexcept : ia(std::move(adapter))
+    {
+        (void)detail::is_sax_static_asserts<SAX, BasicJsonType> {};
+    }
+
+    // make class move-only
+    binary_reader(const binary_reader&) = delete;
+    binary_reader(binary_reader&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    binary_reader& operator=(const binary_reader&) = delete;
+    binary_reader& operator=(binary_reader&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~binary_reader() = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format  the binary format to parse
+    @param[in] sax_    a SAX event processor
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed completed
+    @param[in] tag_handler  how to treat CBOR tags
+
+    @return whether parsing was successful
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    bool sax_parse(const input_format_t format,
+                   json_sax_t* sax_,
+                   const bool strict = true,
+                   const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        sax = sax_;
+        bool result = false;
+
+        switch (format)
+        {
+            case input_format_t::bson:
+                result = parse_bson_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::cbor:
+                result = parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::msgpack:
+                result = parse_msgpack_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::ubjson:
+                result = parse_ubjson_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::json: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        // strict mode: next byte must be EOF
+        if (result && strict)
+        {
+            if (format == input_format_t::ubjson)
+            {
+                get_ignore_noop();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                get();
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+            {
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, get_token_string(),
+                                        parse_error::create(110, chars_read, exception_message(format, "expected end of input; last byte: 0x" + get_token_string(), "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    //////////
+    // BSON //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Reads in a BSON-object and passes it to the SAX-parser.
+    @return whether a valid BSON-value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_internal()
+    {
+        std::int32_t document_size{};
+        get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, document_size);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_list(/*is_array*/false)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a C-style string from the BSON input.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the string variable where the read
+                            string is to be stored.
+    @return `true` if the \x00-byte indicating the end of the string was
+             encountered before the EOF; false` indicates an unexpected EOF.
+    */
+    bool get_bson_cstr(string_t& result)
+    {
+        auto out = std::back_inserter(result);
+        while (true)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::bson, "cstring")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (current == 0x00)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            *out++ = static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a zero-terminated string of length @a len from the BSON
+           input.
+    @param[in] len  The length (including the zero-byte at the end) of the
+                    string to be read.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the string variable where the read
+                            string is to be stored.
+    @tparam NumberType The type of the length @a len
+    @pre len >= 1
+    @return `true` if the string was successfully parsed
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_bson_string(const NumberType len, string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len < 1))
+        {
+            auto last_token = get_token_string();
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::bson, "string length must be at least 1, is " + std::to_string(len), "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return get_string(input_format_t::bson, len - static_cast<NumberType>(1), result) && get() != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a byte array input of length @a len from the BSON input.
+    @param[in] len  The length of the byte array to be read.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the binary variable where the read
+                            array is to be stored.
+    @tparam NumberType The type of the length @a len
+    @pre len >= 0
+    @return `true` if the byte array was successfully parsed
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_bson_binary(const NumberType len, binary_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len < 0))
+        {
+            auto last_token = get_token_string();
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::bson, "byte array length cannot be negative, is " + std::to_string(len), "binary"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // All BSON binary values have a subtype
+        std::uint8_t subtype{};
+        get_number<std::uint8_t>(input_format_t::bson, subtype);
+        result.set_subtype(subtype);
+
+        return get_binary(input_format_t::bson, len, result);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Read a BSON document element of the given @a element_type.
+    @param[in] element_type The BSON element type, c.f. http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @param[in] element_type_parse_position The position in the input stream,
+               where the `element_type` was read.
+    @warning Not all BSON element types are supported yet. An unsupported
+             @a element_type will give rise to a parse_error.114:
+             Unsupported BSON record type 0x...
+    @return whether a valid BSON-object/array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_element_internal(const char_int_type element_type,
+                                     const std::size_t element_type_parse_position)
+    {
+        switch (element_type)
+        {
+            case 0x01: // double
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number<double, true>(input_format_t::bson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0x02: // string
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                string_t value;
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, len) && get_bson_string(len, value) && sax->string(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x03: // object
+            {
+                return parse_bson_internal();
+            }
+
+            case 0x04: // array
+            {
+                return parse_bson_array();
+            }
+
+            case 0x05: // binary
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                binary_t value;
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, len) && get_bson_binary(len, value) && sax->binary(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x08: // boolean
+            {
+                return sax->boolean(get() != 0);
+            }
+
+            case 0x0A: // null
+            {
+                return sax->null();
+            }
+
+            case 0x10: // int32
+            {
+                std::int32_t value{};
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, value) && sax->number_integer(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x12: // int64
+            {
+                std::int64_t value{};
+                return get_number<std::int64_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, value) && sax->number_integer(value);
+            }
+
+            default: // anything else not supported (yet)
+            {
+                std::array<char, 3> cr{{}};
+                (std::snprintf)(cr.data(), cr.size(), "%.2hhX", static_cast<unsigned char>(element_type)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                return sax->parse_error(element_type_parse_position, std::string(cr.data()), parse_error::create(114, element_type_parse_position, "Unsupported BSON record type 0x" + std::string(cr.data()), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Read a BSON element list (as specified in the BSON-spec)
+
+    The same binary layout is used for objects and arrays, hence it must be
+    indicated with the argument @a is_array which one is expected
+    (true --> array, false --> object).
+
+    @param[in] is_array Determines if the element list being read is to be
+                        treated as an object (@a is_array == false), or as an
+                        array (@a is_array == true).
+    @return whether a valid BSON-object/array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_element_list(const bool is_array)
+    {
+        string_t key;
+
+        while (auto element_type = get())
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::bson, "element list")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const std::size_t element_type_parse_position = chars_read;
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_bson_cstr(key)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!is_array && !sax->key(key))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_internal(element_type, element_type_parse_position)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // get_bson_cstr only appends
+            key.clear();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Reads an array from the BSON input and passes it to the SAX-parser.
+    @return whether a valid BSON-array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_array()
+    {
+        std::int32_t document_size{};
+        get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, document_size);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_list(/*is_array*/true)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    //////////
+    // CBOR //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true) or whether the last read character should
+                         be considered instead (false)
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+
+    @return whether a valid CBOR value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_cbor_internal(const bool get_char,
+                             const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        switch (get_char ? get() : current)
+        {
+            // EOF
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "value");
+
+            // Integer 0x00..0x17 (0..23)
+            case 0x00:
+            case 0x01:
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03:
+            case 0x04:
+            case 0x05:
+            case 0x06:
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0A:
+            case 0x0B:
+            case 0x0C:
+            case 0x0D:
+            case 0x0E:
+            case 0x0F:
+            case 0x10:
+            case 0x11:
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x13:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+            case 0x16:
+            case 0x17:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(current));
+
+            case 0x18: // Unsigned integer (one-byte uint8_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x19: // Unsigned integer (two-byte uint16_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x1A: // Unsigned integer (four-byte uint32_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x1B: // Unsigned integer (eight-byte uint64_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            // Negative integer -1-0x00..-1-0x17 (-1..-24)
+            case 0x20:
+            case 0x21:
+            case 0x22:
+            case 0x23:
+            case 0x24:
+            case 0x25:
+            case 0x26:
+            case 0x27:
+            case 0x28:
+            case 0x29:
+            case 0x2A:
+            case 0x2B:
+            case 0x2C:
+            case 0x2D:
+            case 0x2E:
+            case 0x2F:
+            case 0x30:
+            case 0x31:
+            case 0x32:
+            case 0x33:
+            case 0x34:
+            case 0x35:
+            case 0x36:
+            case 0x37:
+                return sax->number_integer(static_cast<std::int8_t>(0x20 - 1 - current));
+
+            case 0x38: // Negative integer (one-byte uint8_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x39: // Negative integer -1-n (two-byte uint16_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x3A: // Negative integer -1-n (four-byte uint32_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x3B: // Negative integer -1-n (eight-byte uint64_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1)
+                        - static_cast<number_integer_t>(number));
+            }
+
+            // Binary data (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            case 0x58: // Binary data (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            case 0x59: // Binary data (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5A: // Binary data (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5B: // Binary data (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5F: // Binary data (indefinite length)
+            {
+                binary_t b;
+                return get_cbor_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+            }
+
+            // UTF-8 string (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            case 0x78: // UTF-8 string (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            case 0x79: // UTF-8 string (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7A: // UTF-8 string (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7B: // UTF-8 string (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7F: // UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_cbor_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            // array (0x00..0x17 data items follow)
+            case 0x80:
+            case 0x81:
+            case 0x82:
+            case 0x83:
+            case 0x84:
+            case 0x85:
+            case 0x86:
+            case 0x87:
+            case 0x88:
+            case 0x89:
+            case 0x8A:
+            case 0x8B:
+            case 0x8C:
+            case 0x8D:
+            case 0x8E:
+            case 0x8F:
+            case 0x90:
+            case 0x91:
+            case 0x92:
+            case 0x93:
+            case 0x94:
+            case 0x95:
+            case 0x96:
+            case 0x97:
+                return get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0x98: // array (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x99: // array (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9A: // array (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9B: // array (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(detail::conditional_static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9F: // array (indefinite length)
+                return get_cbor_array(std::size_t(-1), tag_handler);
+
+            // map (0x00..0x17 pairs of data items follow)
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+                return get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0xB8: // map (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xB9: // map (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBA: // map (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBB: // map (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(detail::conditional_static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBF: // map (indefinite length)
+                return get_cbor_object(std::size_t(-1), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0xC6: // tagged item
+            case 0xC7:
+            case 0xC8:
+            case 0xC9:
+            case 0xCA:
+            case 0xCB:
+            case 0xCC:
+            case 0xCD:
+            case 0xCE:
+            case 0xCF:
+            case 0xD0:
+            case 0xD1:
+            case 0xD2:
+            case 0xD3:
+            case 0xD4:
+            case 0xD8: // tagged item (1 bytes follow)
+            case 0xD9: // tagged item (2 bytes follow)
+            case 0xDA: // tagged item (4 bytes follow)
+            case 0xDB: // tagged item (8 bytes follow)
+            {
+                switch (tag_handler)
+                {
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::error:
+                    {
+                        auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                        return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore:
+                    {
+                        // ignore binary subtype
+                        switch (current)
+                        {
+                            case 0xD8:
+                            {
+                                std::uint8_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xD9:
+                            {
+                                std::uint16_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDA:
+                            {
+                                std::uint32_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDB:
+                            {
+                                std::uint64_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        return parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                    }
+
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::store:
+                    {
+                        binary_t b;
+                        // use binary subtype and store in binary container
+                        switch (current)
+                        {
+                            case 0xD8:
+                            {
+                                std::uint8_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xD9:
+                            {
+                                std::uint16_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDA:
+                            {
+                                std::uint32_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDB:
+                            {
+                                std::uint64_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                return parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                        }
+                        get();
+                        return get_cbor_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+                    }
+
+                    default:                 // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        return false;        // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                }
+            }
+
+            case 0xF4: // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 0xF5: // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+
+            case 0xF6: // null
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 0xF9: // Half-Precision Float (two-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                const auto byte1_raw = get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "number")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                const auto byte2_raw = get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "number")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const auto byte1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(byte1_raw);
+                const auto byte2 = static_cast<unsigned char>(byte2_raw);
+
+                // code from RFC 7049, Appendix D, Figure 3:
+                // As half-precision floating-point numbers were only added
+                // to IEEE 754 in 2008, today's programming platforms often
+                // still only have limited support for them. It is very
+                // easy to include at least decoding support for them even
+                // without such support. An example of a small decoder for
+                // half-precision floating-point numbers in the C language
+                // is shown in Fig. 3.
+                const auto half = static_cast<unsigned int>((byte1 << 8u) + byte2);
+                const double val = [&half]
+                {
+                    const int exp = (half >> 10u) & 0x1Fu;
+                    const unsigned int mant = half & 0x3FFu;
+                    JSON_ASSERT(0 <= exp&& exp <= 32);
+                    JSON_ASSERT(mant <= 1024);
+                    switch (exp)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                            return std::ldexp(mant, -24);
+                        case 31:
+                            return (mant == 0)
+                            ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
+                            : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+                        default:
+                            return std::ldexp(mant + 1024, exp - 25);
+                    }
+                }();
+                return sax->number_float((half & 0x8000u) != 0
+                                         ? static_cast<number_float_t>(-val)
+                                         : static_cast<number_float_t>(val), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xFA: // Single-Precision Float (four-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xFB: // Double-Precision Float (eight-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            default: // anything else (0xFF is handled inside the other types)
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a CBOR string
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    string length and then copies this number of bytes into a string.
+    Additionally, CBOR's strings with indefinite lengths are supported.
+
+    @param[out] result  created string
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_string(string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "string")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // UTF-8 string (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            {
+                return get_string(input_format_t::cbor, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x78: // UTF-8 string (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x79: // UTF-8 string (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7A: // UTF-8 string (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7B: // UTF-8 string (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7F: // UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    string_t chunk;
+                    if (!get_cbor_string(chunk))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.append(chunk);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a CBOR byte array
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    byte array length and then copies this number of bytes into the byte array.
+    Additionally, CBOR's byte arrays with indefinite lengths are supported.
+
+    @param[out] result  created byte array
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_binary(binary_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "binary")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // Binary data (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            {
+                return get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x58: // Binary data (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x59: // Binary data (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5A: // Binary data (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5B: // Binary data (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5F: // Binary data (indefinite length)
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    binary_t chunk;
+                    if (!get_cbor_binary(chunk))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.insert(result.end(), chunk.begin(), chunk.end());
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "expected length specification (0x40-0x5B) or indefinite binary array type (0x5F); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "binary"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the array or std::size_t(-1) for an
+                    array of indefinite size
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_array(const std::size_t len,
+                        const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (len != std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            while (get() != 0xFF)
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(false, tag_handler)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the object or std::size_t(-1) for an
+                    object of indefinite size
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_object(const std::size_t len,
+                         const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (len != 0)
+        {
+            string_t key;
+            if (len != std::size_t(-1))
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                {
+                    get();
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    /////////////
+    // MsgPack //
+    /////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether a valid MessagePack value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_msgpack_internal()
+    {
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            // EOF
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::msgpack, "value");
+
+            // positive fixint
+            case 0x00:
+            case 0x01:
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03:
+            case 0x04:
+            case 0x05:
+            case 0x06:
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0A:
+            case 0x0B:
+            case 0x0C:
+            case 0x0D:
+            case 0x0E:
+            case 0x0F:
+            case 0x10:
+            case 0x11:
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x13:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+            case 0x16:
+            case 0x17:
+            case 0x18:
+            case 0x19:
+            case 0x1A:
+            case 0x1B:
+            case 0x1C:
+            case 0x1D:
+            case 0x1E:
+            case 0x1F:
+            case 0x20:
+            case 0x21:
+            case 0x22:
+            case 0x23:
+            case 0x24:
+            case 0x25:
+            case 0x26:
+            case 0x27:
+            case 0x28:
+            case 0x29:
+            case 0x2A:
+            case 0x2B:
+            case 0x2C:
+            case 0x2D:
+            case 0x2E:
+            case 0x2F:
+            case 0x30:
+            case 0x31:
+            case 0x32:
+            case 0x33:
+            case 0x34:
+            case 0x35:
+            case 0x36:
+            case 0x37:
+            case 0x38:
+            case 0x39:
+            case 0x3A:
+            case 0x3B:
+            case 0x3C:
+            case 0x3D:
+            case 0x3E:
+            case 0x3F:
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            case 0x58:
+            case 0x59:
+            case 0x5A:
+            case 0x5B:
+            case 0x5C:
+            case 0x5D:
+            case 0x5E:
+            case 0x5F:
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            case 0x78:
+            case 0x79:
+            case 0x7A:
+            case 0x7B:
+            case 0x7C:
+            case 0x7D:
+            case 0x7E:
+            case 0x7F:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(current));
+
+            // fixmap
+            case 0x80:
+            case 0x81:
+            case 0x82:
+            case 0x83:
+            case 0x84:
+            case 0x85:
+            case 0x86:
+            case 0x87:
+            case 0x88:
+            case 0x89:
+            case 0x8A:
+            case 0x8B:
+            case 0x8C:
+            case 0x8D:
+            case 0x8E:
+            case 0x8F:
+                return get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x0Fu));
+
+            // fixarray
+            case 0x90:
+            case 0x91:
+            case 0x92:
+            case 0x93:
+            case 0x94:
+            case 0x95:
+            case 0x96:
+            case 0x97:
+            case 0x98:
+            case 0x99:
+            case 0x9A:
+            case 0x9B:
+            case 0x9C:
+            case 0x9D:
+            case 0x9E:
+            case 0x9F:
+                return get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x0Fu));
+
+            // fixstr
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+            case 0xB8:
+            case 0xB9:
+            case 0xBA:
+            case 0xBB:
+            case 0xBC:
+            case 0xBD:
+            case 0xBE:
+            case 0xBF:
+            case 0xD9: // str 8
+            case 0xDA: // str 16
+            case 0xDB: // str 32
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_msgpack_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC0: // nil
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 0xC2: // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 0xC3: // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+
+            case 0xC4: // bin 8
+            case 0xC5: // bin 16
+            case 0xC6: // bin 32
+            case 0xC7: // ext 8
+            case 0xC8: // ext 16
+            case 0xC9: // ext 32
+            case 0xD4: // fixext 1
+            case 0xD5: // fixext 2
+            case 0xD6: // fixext 4
+            case 0xD7: // fixext 8
+            case 0xD8: // fixext 16
+            {
+                binary_t b;
+                return get_msgpack_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCA: // float 32
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xCB: // float 64
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xCC: // uint 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCD: // uint 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCE: // uint 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCF: // uint 64
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD0: // int 8
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD1: // int 16
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD2: // int 32
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD3: // int 64
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDC: // array 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDD: // array 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDE: // map 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDF: // map 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            // negative fixint
+            case 0xE0:
+            case 0xE1:
+            case 0xE2:
+            case 0xE3:
+            case 0xE4:
+            case 0xE5:
+            case 0xE6:
+            case 0xE7:
+            case 0xE8:
+            case 0xE9:
+            case 0xEA:
+            case 0xEB:
+            case 0xEC:
+            case 0xED:
+            case 0xEE:
+            case 0xEF:
+            case 0xF0:
+            case 0xF1:
+            case 0xF2:
+            case 0xF3:
+            case 0xF4:
+            case 0xF5:
+            case 0xF6:
+            case 0xF7:
+            case 0xF8:
+            case 0xF9:
+            case 0xFA:
+            case 0xFB:
+            case 0xFC:
+            case 0xFD:
+            case 0xFE:
+            case 0xFF:
+                return sax->number_integer(static_cast<std::int8_t>(current));
+
+            default: // anything else
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::msgpack, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a MessagePack string
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    string length and then copies this number of bytes into a string.
+
+    @param[out] result  created string
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_string(string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::msgpack, "string")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // fixstr
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+            case 0xB8:
+            case 0xB9:
+            case 0xBA:
+            case 0xBB:
+            case 0xBC:
+            case 0xBD:
+            case 0xBE:
+            case 0xBF:
+            {
+                return get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD9: // str 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDA: // str 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDB: // str 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::msgpack, "expected length specification (0xA0-0xBF, 0xD9-0xDB); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a MessagePack byte array
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    byte array length and then copies this number of bytes into a byte array.
+
+    @param[out] result  created byte array
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_binary(binary_t& result)
+    {
+        // helper function to set the subtype
+        auto assign_and_return_true = [&result](std::int8_t subtype)
+        {
+            result.set_subtype(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(subtype));
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case 0xC4: // bin 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC5: // bin 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC6: // bin 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC7: // ext 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC8: // ext 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC9: // ext 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD4: // fixext 1
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 1, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD5: // fixext 2
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 2, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD6: // fixext 4
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 4, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD7: // fixext 8
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 8, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD8: // fixext 16
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 16, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            default:           // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                return false;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the array
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_array(const std::size_t len)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_msgpack_internal()))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the object
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_object(const std::size_t len)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        string_t key;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_msgpack_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_msgpack_internal()))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            key.clear();
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    ////////////
+    // UBJSON //
+    ////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true, default) or whether the last read
+                         character should be considered instead
+
+    @return whether a valid UBJSON value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_ubjson_internal(const bool get_char = true)
+    {
+        return get_ubjson_value(get_char ? get_ignore_noop() : current);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a UBJSON string
+
+    This function is either called after reading the 'S' byte explicitly
+    indicating a string, or in case of an object key where the 'S' byte can be
+    left out.
+
+    @param[out] result   created string
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true, default) or whether the last read
+                         character should be considered instead
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_string(string_t& result, const bool get_char = true)
+    {
+        if (get_char)
+        {
+            get();  // TODO(niels): may we ignore N here?
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            default:
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[out] result  determined size
+    @return whether size determination completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_size_value(std::size_t& result)
+    {
+        switch (get_ignore_noop())
+        {
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number); // NOLINT(bugprone-signed-char-misuse,cert-str34-c): number is not a char
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L) after '#'; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "size"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief determine the type and size for a container
+
+    In the optimized UBJSON format, a type and a size can be provided to allow
+    for a more compact representation.
+
+    @param[out] result  pair of the size and the type
+
+    @return whether pair creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_size_type(std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type>& result)
+    {
+        result.first = string_t::npos; // size
+        result.second = 0; // type
+
+        get_ignore_noop();
+
+        if (current == '$')
+        {
+            result.second = get();  // must not ignore 'N', because 'N' maybe the type
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "type")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            get_ignore_noop();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current != '#'))
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "size"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            return get_ubjson_size_value(result.first);
+        }
+
+        if (current == '#')
+        {
+            return get_ubjson_size_value(result.first);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param prefix  the previously read or set type prefix
+    @return whether value creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_value(const char_int_type prefix)
+    {
+        switch (prefix)
+        {
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():  // EOF
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value");
+
+            case 'T':  // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+            case 'F':  // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 'Z':  // null
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'd':
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 'D':
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 'H':
+            {
+                return get_ubjson_high_precision_number();
+            }
+
+            case 'C':  // char
+            {
+                get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "char")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current > 127))
+                {
+                    auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                    return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "byte after 'C' must be in range 0x00..0x7F; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "char"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+                string_t s(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current));
+                return sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case 'S':  // string
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_ubjson_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case '[':  // array
+                return get_ubjson_array();
+
+            case '{':  // object
+                return get_ubjson_object();
+
+            default: // anything else
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_array()
+    {
+        std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type> size_and_type;
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_size_type(size_and_type)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (size_and_type.first != string_t::npos)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(size_and_type.first)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (size_and_type.second != 0)
+            {
+                if (size_and_type.second != 'N')
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_value(size_and_type.second)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            while (current != ']')
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal(false)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                get_ignore_noop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_object()
+    {
+        std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type> size_and_type;
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_size_type(size_and_type)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        string_t key;
+        if (size_and_type.first != string_t::npos)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(size_and_type.first)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (size_and_type.second != 0)
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_value(size_and_type.second)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            while (current != '}')
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key, false) || !sax->key(key)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                get_ignore_noop();
+                key.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    // Note, no reader for UBJSON binary types is implemented because they do
+    // not exist
+
+    bool get_ubjson_high_precision_number()
+    {
+        // get size of following number string
+        std::size_t size{};
+        auto res = get_ubjson_size_value(size);
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!res))
+        {
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // get number string
+        std::vector<char> number_vector;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "number")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            number_vector.push_back(static_cast<char>(current));
+        }
+
+        // parse number string
+        using ia_type = decltype(detail::input_adapter(number_vector));
+        auto number_lexer = detail::lexer<BasicJsonType, ia_type>(detail::input_adapter(number_vector), false);
+        const auto result_number = number_lexer.scan();
+        const auto number_string = number_lexer.get_token_string();
+        const auto result_remainder = number_lexer.scan();
+
+        using token_type = typename detail::lexer_base<BasicJsonType>::token_type;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(result_remainder != token_type::end_of_input))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, number_string, parse_error::create(115, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid number text: " + number_lexer.get_token_string(), "high-precision number"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        switch (result_number)
+        {
+            case token_type::value_integer:
+                return sax->number_integer(number_lexer.get_number_integer());
+            case token_type::value_unsigned:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(number_lexer.get_number_unsigned());
+            case token_type::value_float:
+                return sax->number_float(number_lexer.get_number_float(), std::move(number_string));
+            case token_type::uninitialized:
+            case token_type::literal_true:
+            case token_type::literal_false:
+            case token_type::literal_null:
+            case token_type::value_string:
+            case token_type::begin_array:
+            case token_type::begin_object:
+            case token_type::end_array:
+            case token_type::end_object:
+            case token_type::name_separator:
+            case token_type::value_separator:
+            case token_type::parse_error:
+            case token_type::end_of_input:
+            case token_type::literal_or_value:
+            default:
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, number_string, parse_error::create(115, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid number text: " + number_lexer.get_token_string(), "high-precision number"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////
+    // Utility functions //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get next character from the input
+
+    This function provides the interface to the used input adapter. It does
+    not throw in case the input reached EOF, but returns a -'ve valued
+    `std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()` in that case.
+
+    @return character read from the input
+    */
+    char_int_type get()
+    {
+        ++chars_read;
+        return current = ia.get_character();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return character read from the input after ignoring all 'N' entries
+    */
+    char_int_type get_ignore_noop()
+    {
+        do
+        {
+            get();
+        }
+        while (current == 'N');
+
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @brief read a number from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format   the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[out] result  number of type @a NumberType
+
+    @return whether conversion completed
+
+    @note This function needs to respect the system's endianess, because
+          bytes in CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON are stored in network order
+          (big endian) and therefore need reordering on little endian systems.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType, bool InputIsLittleEndian = false>
+    bool get_number(const input_format_t format, NumberType& result)
+    {
+        // step 1: read input into array with system's byte order
+        std::array<std::uint8_t, sizeof(NumberType)> vec{};
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(NumberType); ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "number")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // reverse byte order prior to conversion if necessary
+            if (is_little_endian != InputIsLittleEndian)
+            {
+                vec[sizeof(NumberType) - i - 1] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                vec[i] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+
+        // step 2: convert array into number of type T and return
+        std::memcpy(&result, vec.data(), sizeof(NumberType));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a string by reading characters from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] len number of characters to read
+    @param[out] result string created by reading @a len bytes
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+
+    @note We can not reserve @a len bytes for the result, because @a len
+          may be too large. Usually, @ref unexpect_eof() detects the end of
+          the input before we run out of string memory.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_string(const input_format_t format,
+                    const NumberType len,
+                    string_t& result)
+    {
+        bool success = true;
+        for (NumberType i = 0; i < len; i++)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "string")))
+            {
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            result.push_back(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current));
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a byte array by reading bytes from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] len number of bytes to read
+    @param[out] result byte array created by reading @a len bytes
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+
+    @note We can not reserve @a len bytes for the result, because @a len
+          may be too large. Usually, @ref unexpect_eof() detects the end of
+          the input before we run out of memory.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_binary(const input_format_t format,
+                    const NumberType len,
+                    binary_t& result)
+    {
+        bool success = true;
+        for (NumberType i = 0; i < len; i++)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "binary")))
+            {
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            result.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current));
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format   the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] context  further context information (for diagnostics)
+    @return whether the last read character is not EOF
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    bool unexpect_eof(const input_format_t format, const char* context) const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current == std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, "<end of file>",
+                                    parse_error::create(110, chars_read, exception_message(format, "unexpected end of input", context), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return a string representation of the last read byte
+    */
+    std::string get_token_string() const
+    {
+        std::array<char, 3> cr{{}};
+        (std::snprintf)(cr.data(), cr.size(), "%.2hhX", static_cast<unsigned char>(current)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        return std::string{cr.data()};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format   the current format
+    @param[in] detail   a detailed error message
+    @param[in] context  further context information
+    @return a message string to use in the parse_error exceptions
+    */
+    std::string exception_message(const input_format_t format,
+                                  const std::string& detail,
+                                  const std::string& context) const
+    {
+        std::string error_msg = "syntax error while parsing ";
+
+        switch (format)
+        {
+            case input_format_t::cbor:
+                error_msg += "CBOR";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::msgpack:
+                error_msg += "MessagePack";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::ubjson:
+                error_msg += "UBJSON";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::bson:
+                error_msg += "BSON";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::json: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        return error_msg + " " + context + ": " + detail;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// input adapter
+    InputAdapterType ia;
+
+    /// the current character
+    char_int_type current = std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+
+    /// the number of characters read
+    std::size_t chars_read = 0;
+
+    /// whether we can assume little endianess
+    const bool is_little_endian = little_endianess();
+
+    /// the SAX parser
+    json_sax_t* sax = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df58a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstring> // strlen
+#include <iterator> // begin, end, iterator_traits, random_access_iterator_tag, distance, next
+#include <memory> // shared_ptr, make_shared, addressof
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string, char_traits
+#include <type_traits> // enable_if, is_base_of, is_pointer, is_integral, remove_pointer
+#include <utility> // pair, declval
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <cstdio>   // FILE *
+    #include <istream>  // istream
+#endif                  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// the supported input formats
+enum class input_format_t { json, cbor, msgpack, ubjson, bson };
+
+////////////////////
+// input adapters //
+////////////////////
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+/*!
+Input adapter for stdio file access. This adapter read only 1 byte and do not use any
+ buffer. This adapter is a very low level adapter.
+*/
+class file_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    explicit file_input_adapter(std::FILE* f) noexcept
+        : m_file(f)
+    {}
+
+    // make class move-only
+    file_input_adapter(const file_input_adapter&) = delete;
+    file_input_adapter(file_input_adapter&&) noexcept = default;
+    file_input_adapter& operator=(const file_input_adapter&) = delete;
+    file_input_adapter& operator=(file_input_adapter&&) = delete;
+    ~file_input_adapter() = default;
+
+    std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character() noexcept
+    {
+        return std::fgetc(m_file);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the file pointer to read from
+    std::FILE* m_file;
+};
+
+
+/*!
+Input adapter for a (caching) istream. Ignores a UFT Byte Order Mark at
+beginning of input. Does not support changing the underlying std::streambuf
+in mid-input. Maintains underlying std::istream and std::streambuf to support
+subsequent use of standard std::istream operations to process any input
+characters following those used in parsing the JSON input.  Clears the
+std::istream flags; any input errors (e.g., EOF) will be detected by the first
+subsequent call for input from the std::istream.
+*/
+class input_stream_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    ~input_stream_adapter()
+    {
+        // clear stream flags; we use underlying streambuf I/O, do not
+        // maintain ifstream flags, except eof
+        if (is != nullptr)
+        {
+            is->clear(is->rdstate() & std::ios::eofbit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    explicit input_stream_adapter(std::istream& i)
+        : is(&i), sb(i.rdbuf())
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    input_stream_adapter(const input_stream_adapter&) = delete;
+    input_stream_adapter& operator=(input_stream_adapter&) = delete;
+    input_stream_adapter& operator=(input_stream_adapter&&) = delete;
+
+    input_stream_adapter(input_stream_adapter&& rhs) noexcept
+        : is(rhs.is), sb(rhs.sb)
+    {
+        rhs.is = nullptr;
+        rhs.sb = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // std::istream/std::streambuf use std::char_traits<char>::to_int_type, to
+    // ensure that std::char_traits<char>::eof() and the character 0xFF do not
+    // end up as the same value, eg. 0xFFFFFFFF.
+    std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character()
+    {
+        auto res = sb->sbumpc();
+        // set eof manually, as we don't use the istream interface.
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(res == std::char_traits<char>::eof()))
+        {
+            is->clear(is->rdstate() | std::ios::eofbit);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the associated input stream
+    std::istream* is = nullptr;
+    std::streambuf* sb = nullptr;
+};
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+// General-purpose iterator-based adapter. It might not be as fast as
+// theoretically possible for some containers, but it is extremely versatile.
+template<typename IteratorType>
+class iterator_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type;
+
+    iterator_input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+        : current(std::move(first)), end(std::move(last))
+    {}
+
+    typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type get_character()
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != end))
+        {
+            auto result = std::char_traits<char_type>::to_int_type(*current);
+            std::advance(current, 1);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        return std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    IteratorType current;
+    IteratorType end;
+
+    template<typename BaseInputAdapter, size_t T>
+    friend struct wide_string_input_helper;
+
+    bool empty() const
+    {
+        return current == end;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter, size_t T>
+struct wide_string_input_helper;
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter>
+struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 4>
+{
+    // UTF-32
+    static void fill_buffer(BaseInputAdapter& input,
+                            std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4>& utf8_bytes,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_index,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_filled)
+    {
+        utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(input.empty()))
+        {
+            utf8_bytes[0] = std::char_traits<char>::eof();
+            utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the current character
+            const auto wc = input.get_character();
+
+            // UTF-32 to UTF-8 encoding
+            if (wc < 0x80)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x7FF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xC0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x1Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 2;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0xFFFF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xE0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u) & 0x0Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 3;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x10FFFF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xF0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 18u) & 0x07u));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[3] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 4;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // unknown character
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter>
+struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 2>
+{
+    // UTF-16
+    static void fill_buffer(BaseInputAdapter& input,
+                            std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4>& utf8_bytes,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_index,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_filled)
+    {
+        utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(input.empty()))
+        {
+            utf8_bytes[0] = std::char_traits<char>::eof();
+            utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the current character
+            const auto wc = input.get_character();
+
+            // UTF-16 to UTF-8 encoding
+            if (wc < 0x80)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x7FF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xC0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u)));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 2;
+            }
+            else if (0xD800 > wc || wc >= 0xE000)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xE0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u)));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 3;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!input.empty()))
+                {
+                    const auto wc2 = static_cast<unsigned int>(input.get_character());
+                    const auto charcode = 0x10000u + (((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3FFu) << 10u) | (wc2 & 0x3FFu));
+                    utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xF0u | (charcode >> 18u));
+                    utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((charcode >> 12u) & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((charcode >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes[3] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (charcode & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes_filled = 4;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                    utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Wraps another input apdater to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter, typename WideCharType>
+class wide_string_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    wide_string_input_adapter(BaseInputAdapter base)
+        : base_adapter(base) {}
+
+    typename std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character() noexcept
+    {
+        // check if buffer needs to be filled
+        if (utf8_bytes_index == utf8_bytes_filled)
+        {
+            fill_buffer<sizeof(WideCharType)>();
+
+            JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_filled > 0);
+            JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_index == 0);
+        }
+
+        // use buffer
+        JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_filled > 0);
+        JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_index < utf8_bytes_filled);
+        return utf8_bytes[utf8_bytes_index++];
+    }
+
+  private:
+    BaseInputAdapter base_adapter;
+
+    template<size_t T>
+    void fill_buffer()
+    {
+        wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, T>::fill_buffer(base_adapter, utf8_bytes, utf8_bytes_index, utf8_bytes_filled);
+    }
+
+    /// a buffer for UTF-8 bytes
+    std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4> utf8_bytes = {{0, 0, 0, 0}};
+
+    /// index to the utf8_codes array for the next valid byte
+    std::size_t utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+    /// number of valid bytes in the utf8_codes array
+    std::size_t utf8_bytes_filled = 0;
+};
+
+
+template<typename IteratorType, typename Enable = void>
+struct iterator_input_adapter_factory
+{
+    using iterator_type = IteratorType;
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type;
+    using adapter_type = iterator_input_adapter<iterator_type>;
+
+    static adapter_type create(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        return adapter_type(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_iterator_of_multibyte
+{
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<T>::value_type;
+    enum
+    {
+        value = sizeof(value_type) > 1
+    };
+};
+
+template<typename IteratorType>
+struct iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType, enable_if_t<is_iterator_of_multibyte<IteratorType>::value>>
+{
+    using iterator_type = IteratorType;
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type;
+    using base_adapter_type = iterator_input_adapter<iterator_type>;
+    using adapter_type = wide_string_input_adapter<base_adapter_type, char_type>;
+
+    static adapter_type create(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        return adapter_type(base_adapter_type(std::move(first), std::move(last)));
+    }
+};
+
+// General purpose iterator-based input
+template<typename IteratorType>
+typename iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType>::adapter_type input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+{
+    using factory_type = iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType>;
+    return factory_type::create(first, last);
+}
+
+// Convenience shorthand from container to iterator
+// Enables ADL on begin(container) and end(container)
+// Encloses the using declarations in namespace for not to leak them to outside scope
+
+namespace container_input_adapter_factory_impl
+{
+
+using std::begin;
+using std::end;
+
+template<typename ContainerType, typename Enable = void>
+struct container_input_adapter_factory {};
+
+template<typename ContainerType>
+struct container_input_adapter_factory< ContainerType,
+       void_t<decltype(begin(std::declval<ContainerType>()), end(std::declval<ContainerType>()))>>
+       {
+           using adapter_type = decltype(input_adapter(begin(std::declval<ContainerType>()), end(std::declval<ContainerType>())));
+
+           static adapter_type create(const ContainerType& container)
+{
+    return input_adapter(begin(container), end(container));
+}
+       };
+
+} // namespace container_input_adapter_factory_impl
+
+template<typename ContainerType>
+typename container_input_adapter_factory_impl::container_input_adapter_factory<ContainerType>::adapter_type input_adapter(const ContainerType& container)
+{
+    return container_input_adapter_factory_impl::container_input_adapter_factory<ContainerType>::create(container);
+}
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+// Special cases with fast paths
+inline file_input_adapter input_adapter(std::FILE* file)
+{
+    return file_input_adapter(file);
+}
+
+inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream& stream)
+{
+    return input_stream_adapter(stream);
+}
+
+inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream&& stream)
+{
+    return input_stream_adapter(stream);
+}
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+using contiguous_bytes_input_adapter = decltype(input_adapter(std::declval<const char*>(), std::declval<const char*>()));
+
+// Null-delimited strings, and the like.
+template < typename CharT,
+           typename std::enable_if <
+               std::is_pointer<CharT>::value&&
+               !std::is_array<CharT>::value&&
+               std::is_integral<typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type>::value&&
+               sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type) == 1,
+               int >::type = 0 >
+contiguous_bytes_input_adapter input_adapter(CharT b)
+{
+    auto length = std::strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b));
+    const auto* ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b);
+    return input_adapter(ptr, ptr + length);
+}
+
+template<typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto input_adapter(T (&array)[N]) -> decltype(input_adapter(array, array + N)) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+{
+    return input_adapter(array, array + N);
+}
+
+// This class only handles inputs of input_buffer_adapter type.
+// It's required so that expressions like {ptr, len} can be implicitely casted
+// to the correct adapter.
+class span_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    template < typename CharT,
+               typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pointer<CharT>::value&&
+                   std::is_integral<typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type>::value&&
+                   sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type) == 1,
+                   int >::type = 0 >
+    span_input_adapter(CharT b, std::size_t l)
+        : ia(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b) + l) {}
+
+    template<class IteratorType,
+             typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_same<typename iterator_traits<IteratorType>::iterator_category, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::value,
+                 int>::type = 0>
+    span_input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+        : ia(input_adapter(first, last)) {}
+
+    contiguous_bytes_input_adapter&& get()
+    {
+        return std::move(ia); // NOLINT(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+    }
+
+  private:
+    contiguous_bytes_input_adapter ia;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67278f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief SAX interface
+
+This class describes the SAX interface used by @ref nlohmann::json::sax_parse.
+Each function is called in different situations while the input is parsed. The
+boolean return value informs the parser whether to continue processing the
+input.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+struct json_sax
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a null value was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool null() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a boolean value was read
+    @param[in] val  boolean value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool boolean(bool val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an integer number was read
+    @param[in] val  integer value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_integer(number_integer_t val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an unsigned integer number was read
+    @param[in] val  unsigned integer value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an floating-point number was read
+    @param[in] val  floating-point value
+    @param[in] s    raw token value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a string was read
+    @param[in] val  string value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed string.
+    */
+    virtual bool string(string_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a binary string was read
+    @param[in] val  binary value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed binary.
+    */
+    virtual bool binary(binary_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the beginning of an object was read
+    @param[in] elements  number of object elements or -1 if unknown
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note binary formats may report the number of elements
+    */
+    virtual bool start_object(std::size_t elements) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an object key was read
+    @param[in] val  object key
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed string.
+    */
+    virtual bool key(string_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the end of an object was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool end_object() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the beginning of an array was read
+    @param[in] elements  number of array elements or -1 if unknown
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note binary formats may report the number of elements
+    */
+    virtual bool start_array(std::size_t elements) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the end of an array was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool end_array() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a parse error occurred
+    @param[in] position    the position in the input where the error occurs
+    @param[in] last_token  the last read token
+    @param[in] ex          an exception object describing the error
+    @return whether parsing should proceed (must return false)
+    */
+    virtual bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                             const std::string& last_token,
+                             const detail::exception& ex) = 0;
+
+    json_sax() = default;
+    json_sax(const json_sax&) = default;
+    json_sax(json_sax&&) noexcept = default;
+    json_sax& operator=(const json_sax&) = default;
+    json_sax& operator=(json_sax&&) noexcept = default;
+    virtual ~json_sax() = default;
+};
+
+
+namespace detail
+{
+/*!
+@brief SAX implementation to create a JSON value from SAX events
+
+This class implements the @ref json_sax interface and processes the SAX events
+to create a JSON value which makes it basically a DOM parser. The structure or
+hierarchy of the JSON value is managed by the stack `ref_stack` which contains
+a pointer to the respective array or object for each recursion depth.
+
+After successful parsing, the value that is passed by reference to the
+constructor contains the parsed value.
+
+@tparam BasicJsonType  the JSON type
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_dom_parser
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in,out] r  reference to a JSON value that is manipulated while
+                       parsing
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions_  whether parse errors yield exceptions
+    */
+    explicit json_sax_dom_parser(BasicJsonType& r, const bool allow_exceptions_ = true)
+        : root(r), allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {}
+
+    // make class move-only
+    json_sax_dom_parser(const json_sax_dom_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_parser(json_sax_dom_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    json_sax_dom_parser& operator=(const json_sax_dom_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_parser& operator=(json_sax_dom_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~json_sax_dom_parser() = default;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        handle_value(nullptr);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(std::move(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        ref_stack.push_back(handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::object));
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive object size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& val)
+    {
+        // add null at given key and store the reference for later
+        object_element = &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.object->operator[](val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        ref_stack.push_back(handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::array));
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive array size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<class Exception>
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/,
+                     const Exception& ex)
+    {
+        errored = true;
+        static_cast<void>(ex);
+        if (allow_exceptions)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(ex);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool is_errored() const
+    {
+        return errored;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @invariant If the ref stack is empty, then the passed value will be the new
+               root.
+    @invariant If the ref stack contains a value, then it is an array or an
+               object to which we can add elements
+    */
+    template<typename Value>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    BasicJsonType* handle_value(Value&& v)
+    {
+        if (ref_stack.empty())
+        {
+            root = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+            return &root;
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_array() || ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+
+        if (ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->emplace_back(std::forward<Value>(v));
+            return &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->back());
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+        JSON_ASSERT(object_element);
+        *object_element = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+        return object_element;
+    }
+
+    /// the parsed JSON value
+    BasicJsonType& root;
+    /// stack to model hierarchy of values
+    std::vector<BasicJsonType*> ref_stack {};
+    /// helper to hold the reference for the next object element
+    BasicJsonType* object_element = nullptr;
+    /// whether a syntax error occurred
+    bool errored = false;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using parser_callback_t = typename BasicJsonType::parser_callback_t;
+    using parse_event_t = typename BasicJsonType::parse_event_t;
+
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(BasicJsonType& r,
+                                 const parser_callback_t cb,
+                                 const bool allow_exceptions_ = true)
+        : root(r), callback(cb), allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {
+        keep_stack.push_back(true);
+    }
+
+    // make class move-only
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(const json_sax_dom_callback_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(json_sax_dom_callback_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser& operator=(const json_sax_dom_callback_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser& operator=(json_sax_dom_callback_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~json_sax_dom_callback_parser() = default;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        handle_value(nullptr);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(std::move(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        // check callback for object start
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::object_start, discarded);
+        keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        auto val = handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::object, true);
+        ref_stack.push_back(val.second);
+
+        // check object limit
+        if (ref_stack.back() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive object size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& val)
+    {
+        BasicJsonType k = BasicJsonType(val);
+
+        // check callback for key
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::key, k);
+        key_keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        // add discarded value at given key and store the reference for later
+        if (keep && ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            object_element = &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.object->operator[](val) = discarded);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        if (ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            if (!callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()) - 1, parse_event_t::object_end, *ref_stack.back()))
+            {
+                // discard object
+                *ref_stack.back() = discarded;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(!ref_stack.empty());
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        if (!ref_stack.empty() && ref_stack.back() && ref_stack.back()->is_structured())
+        {
+            // remove discarded value
+            for (auto it = ref_stack.back()->begin(); it != ref_stack.back()->end(); ++it)
+            {
+                if (it->is_discarded())
+                {
+                    ref_stack.back()->erase(it);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::array_start, discarded);
+        keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        auto val = handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::array, true);
+        ref_stack.push_back(val.second);
+
+        // check array limit
+        if (ref_stack.back() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive array size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        bool keep = true;
+
+        if (ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()) - 1, parse_event_t::array_end, *ref_stack.back());
+            if (keep)
+            {
+                ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // discard array
+                *ref_stack.back() = discarded;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(!ref_stack.empty());
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        // remove discarded value
+        if (!keep && !ref_stack.empty() && ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<class Exception>
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/,
+                     const Exception& ex)
+    {
+        errored = true;
+        static_cast<void>(ex);
+        if (allow_exceptions)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(ex);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool is_errored() const
+    {
+        return errored;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] v  value to add to the JSON value we build during parsing
+    @param[in] skip_callback  whether we should skip calling the callback
+               function; this is required after start_array() and
+               start_object() SAX events, because otherwise we would call the
+               callback function with an empty array or object, respectively.
+
+    @invariant If the ref stack is empty, then the passed value will be the new
+               root.
+    @invariant If the ref stack contains a value, then it is an array or an
+               object to which we can add elements
+
+    @return pair of boolean (whether value should be kept) and pointer (to the
+            passed value in the ref_stack hierarchy; nullptr if not kept)
+    */
+    template<typename Value>
+    std::pair<bool, BasicJsonType*> handle_value(Value&& v, const bool skip_callback = false)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+
+        // do not handle this value if we know it would be added to a discarded
+        // container
+        if (!keep_stack.back())
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        // create value
+        auto value = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+
+        // check callback
+        const bool keep = skip_callback || callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::value, value);
+
+        // do not handle this value if we just learnt it shall be discarded
+        if (!keep)
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        if (ref_stack.empty())
+        {
+            root = std::move(value);
+            return {true, &root};
+        }
+
+        // skip this value if we already decided to skip the parent
+        // (https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/971#issuecomment-413678360)
+        if (!ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        // we now only expect arrays and objects
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_array() || ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+
+        // array
+        if (ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->emplace_back(std::move(value));
+            return {true, &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->back())};
+        }
+
+        // object
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+        // check if we should store an element for the current key
+        JSON_ASSERT(!key_keep_stack.empty());
+        const bool store_element = key_keep_stack.back();
+        key_keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        if (!store_element)
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(object_element);
+        *object_element = std::move(value);
+        return {true, object_element};
+    }
+
+    /// the parsed JSON value
+    BasicJsonType& root;
+    /// stack to model hierarchy of values
+    std::vector<BasicJsonType*> ref_stack {};
+    /// stack to manage which values to keep
+    std::vector<bool> keep_stack {};
+    /// stack to manage which object keys to keep
+    std::vector<bool> key_keep_stack {};
+    /// helper to hold the reference for the next object element
+    BasicJsonType* object_element = nullptr;
+    /// whether a syntax error occurred
+    bool errored = false;
+    /// callback function
+    const parser_callback_t callback = nullptr;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+    /// a discarded value for the callback
+    BasicJsonType discarded = BasicJsonType::value_t::discarded;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_acceptor
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t /*unused*/, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/ = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/ = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const detail::exception& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a47167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1623 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <clocale> // localeconv
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <cstdlib> // strtof, strtod, strtold, strtoll, strtoull
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#include <string> // char_traits, string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////
+// lexer //
+///////////
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class lexer_base
+{
+  public:
+    /// token types for the parser
+    enum class token_type
+    {
+        uninitialized,    ///< indicating the scanner is uninitialized
+        literal_true,     ///< the `true` literal
+        literal_false,    ///< the `false` literal
+        literal_null,     ///< the `null` literal
+        value_string,     ///< a string -- use get_string() for actual value
+        value_unsigned,   ///< an unsigned integer -- use get_number_unsigned() for actual value
+        value_integer,    ///< a signed integer -- use get_number_integer() for actual value
+        value_float,      ///< an floating point number -- use get_number_float() for actual value
+        begin_array,      ///< the character for array begin `[`
+        begin_object,     ///< the character for object begin `{`
+        end_array,        ///< the character for array end `]`
+        end_object,       ///< the character for object end `}`
+        name_separator,   ///< the name separator `:`
+        value_separator,  ///< the value separator `,`
+        parse_error,      ///< indicating a parse error
+        end_of_input,     ///< indicating the end of the input buffer
+        literal_or_value  ///< a literal or the begin of a value (only for diagnostics)
+    };
+
+    /// return name of values of type token_type (only used for errors)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+    static const char* token_type_name(const token_type t) noexcept
+    {
+        switch (t)
+        {
+            case token_type::uninitialized:
+                return "<uninitialized>";
+            case token_type::literal_true:
+                return "true literal";
+            case token_type::literal_false:
+                return "false literal";
+            case token_type::literal_null:
+                return "null literal";
+            case token_type::value_string:
+                return "string literal";
+            case token_type::value_unsigned:
+            case token_type::value_integer:
+            case token_type::value_float:
+                return "number literal";
+            case token_type::begin_array:
+                return "'['";
+            case token_type::begin_object:
+                return "'{'";
+            case token_type::end_array:
+                return "']'";
+            case token_type::end_object:
+                return "'}'";
+            case token_type::name_separator:
+                return "':'";
+            case token_type::value_separator:
+                return "','";
+            case token_type::parse_error:
+                return "<parse error>";
+            case token_type::end_of_input:
+                return "end of input";
+            case token_type::literal_or_value:
+                return "'[', '{', or a literal";
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            default: // catch non-enum values
+                return "unknown token";
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+};
+/*!
+@brief lexical analysis
+
+This class organizes the lexical analysis during JSON deserialization.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType>
+class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using char_type = typename InputAdapterType::char_type;
+    using char_int_type = typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type;
+
+  public:
+    using token_type = typename lexer_base<BasicJsonType>::token_type;
+
+    explicit lexer(InputAdapterType&& adapter, bool ignore_comments_ = false) noexcept
+        : ia(std::move(adapter))
+        , ignore_comments(ignore_comments_)
+        , decimal_point_char(static_cast<char_int_type>(get_decimal_point()))
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    lexer(const lexer&) = delete;
+    lexer(lexer&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    lexer& operator=(lexer&) = delete;
+    lexer& operator=(lexer&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~lexer() = default;
+
+  private:
+    /////////////////////
+    // locales
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return the locale-dependent decimal point
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+    static char get_decimal_point() noexcept
+    {
+        const auto* loc = localeconv();
+        JSON_ASSERT(loc != nullptr);
+        return (loc->decimal_point == nullptr) ? '.' : *(loc->decimal_point);
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // scan functions
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get codepoint from 4 hex characters following `\u`
+
+    For input "\u c1 c2 c3 c4" the codepoint is:
+      (c1 * 0x1000) + (c2 * 0x0100) + (c3 * 0x0010) + c4
+    = (c1 << 12) + (c2 << 8) + (c3 << 4) + (c4 << 0)
+
+    Furthermore, the possible characters '0'..'9', 'A'..'F', and 'a'..'f'
+    must be converted to the integers 0x0..0x9, 0xA..0xF, 0xA..0xF, resp. The
+    conversion is done by subtracting the offset (0x30, 0x37, and 0x57)
+    between the ASCII value of the character and the desired integer value.
+
+    @return codepoint (0x0000..0xFFFF) or -1 in case of an error (e.g. EOF or
+            non-hex character)
+    */
+    int get_codepoint()
+    {
+        // this function only makes sense after reading `\u`
+        JSON_ASSERT(current == 'u');
+        int codepoint = 0;
+
+        const auto factors = { 12u, 8u, 4u, 0u };
+        for (const auto factor : factors)
+        {
+            get();
+
+            if (current >= '0' && current <= '9')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x30u) << factor);
+            }
+            else if (current >= 'A' && current <= 'F')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x37u) << factor);
+            }
+            else if (current >= 'a' && current <= 'f')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x57u) << factor);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(0x0000 <= codepoint && codepoint <= 0xFFFF);
+        return codepoint;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check if the next byte(s) are inside a given range
+
+    Adds the current byte and, for each passed range, reads a new byte and
+    checks if it is inside the range. If a violation was detected, set up an
+    error message and return false. Otherwise, return true.
+
+    @param[in] ranges  list of integers; interpreted as list of pairs of
+                       inclusive lower and upper bound, respectively
+
+    @pre The passed list @a ranges must have 2, 4, or 6 elements; that is,
+         1, 2, or 3 pairs. This precondition is enforced by an assertion.
+
+    @return true if and only if no range violation was detected
+    */
+    bool next_byte_in_range(std::initializer_list<char_int_type> ranges)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(ranges.size() == 2 || ranges.size() == 4 || ranges.size() == 6);
+        add(current);
+
+        for (auto range = ranges.begin(); range != ranges.end(); ++range)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range)))
+            {
+                add(current);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief scan a string literal
+
+    This function scans a string according to Sect. 7 of RFC 8259. While
+    scanning, bytes are escaped and copied into buffer token_buffer. Then the
+    function returns successfully, token_buffer is *not* null-terminated (as it
+    may contain \0 bytes), and token_buffer.size() is the number of bytes in the
+    string.
+
+    @return token_type::value_string if string could be successfully scanned,
+            token_type::parse_error otherwise
+
+    @note In case of errors, variable error_message contains a textual
+          description.
+    */
+    token_type scan_string()
+    {
+        // reset token_buffer (ignore opening quote)
+        reset();
+
+        // we entered the function by reading an open quote
+        JSON_ASSERT(current == '\"');
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            // get next character
+            switch (get())
+            {
+                // end of file while parsing string
+                case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: missing closing quote";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                // closing quote
+                case '\"':
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_string;
+                }
+
+                // escapes
+                case '\\':
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        // quotation mark
+                        case '\"':
+                            add('\"');
+                            break;
+                        // reverse solidus
+                        case '\\':
+                            add('\\');
+                            break;
+                        // solidus
+                        case '/':
+                            add('/');
+                            break;
+                        // backspace
+                        case 'b':
+                            add('\b');
+                            break;
+                        // form feed
+                        case 'f':
+                            add('\f');
+                            break;
+                        // line feed
+                        case 'n':
+                            add('\n');
+                            break;
+                        // carriage return
+                        case 'r':
+                            add('\r');
+                            break;
+                        // tab
+                        case 't':
+                            add('\t');
+                            break;
+
+                        // unicode escapes
+                        case 'u':
+                        {
+                            const int codepoint1 = get_codepoint();
+                            int codepoint = codepoint1; // start with codepoint1
+
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(codepoint1 == -1))
+                            {
+                                error_message = "invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits";
+                                return token_type::parse_error;
+                            }
+
+                            // check if code point is a high surrogate
+                            if (0xD800 <= codepoint1 && codepoint1 <= 0xDBFF)
+                            {
+                                // expect next \uxxxx entry
+                                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(get() == '\\' && get() == 'u'))
+                                {
+                                    const int codepoint2 = get_codepoint();
+
+                                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(codepoint2 == -1))
+                                    {
+                                        error_message = "invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits";
+                                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check if codepoint2 is a low surrogate
+                                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(0xDC00 <= codepoint2 && codepoint2 <= 0xDFFF))
+                                    {
+                                        // overwrite codepoint
+                                        codepoint = static_cast<int>(
+                                                        // high surrogate occupies the most significant 22 bits
+                                                        (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint1) << 10u)
+                                                        // low surrogate occupies the least significant 15 bits
+                                                        + static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint2)
+                                                        // there is still the 0xD800, 0xDC00 and 0x10000 noise
+                                                        // in the result so we have to subtract with:
+                                                        // (0xD800 << 10) + DC00 - 0x10000 = 0x35FDC00
+                                                        - 0x35FDC00u);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF";
+                                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF";
+                                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(0xDC00 <= codepoint1 && codepoint1 <= 0xDFFF))
+                                {
+                                    error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF";
+                                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // result of the above calculation yields a proper codepoint
+                            JSON_ASSERT(0x00 <= codepoint && codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+
+                            // translate codepoint into bytes
+                            if (codepoint < 0x80)
+                            {
+                                // 1-byte characters: 0xxxxxxx (ASCII)
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(codepoint));
+                            }
+                            else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF)
+                            {
+                                // 2-byte characters: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xC0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+                            else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF)
+                            {
+                                // 3-byte characters: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xE0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 12u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // 4-byte characters: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xF0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 18u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 12u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // other characters after escape
+                        default:
+                            error_message = "invalid string: forbidden character after backslash";
+                            return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // invalid control characters
+                case 0x00:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0000 (NUL) must be escaped to \\u0000";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x01:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0001 (SOH) must be escaped to \\u0001";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x02:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0002 (STX) must be escaped to \\u0002";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x03:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0003 (ETX) must be escaped to \\u0003";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x04:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0004 (EOT) must be escaped to \\u0004";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x05:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0005 (ENQ) must be escaped to \\u0005";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x06:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0006 (ACK) must be escaped to \\u0006";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x07:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0007 (BEL) must be escaped to \\u0007";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x08:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0008 (BS) must be escaped to \\u0008 or \\b";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x09:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \\u0009 or \\t";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0A:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000A (LF) must be escaped to \\u000A or \\n";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0B:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000B (VT) must be escaped to \\u000B";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0C:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000C (FF) must be escaped to \\u000C or \\f";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0D:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000D (CR) must be escaped to \\u000D or \\r";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0E:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000E (SO) must be escaped to \\u000E";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0F:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000F (SI) must be escaped to \\u000F";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x10:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0010 (DLE) must be escaped to \\u0010";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x11:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0011 (DC1) must be escaped to \\u0011";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x12:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0012 (DC2) must be escaped to \\u0012";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x13:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0013 (DC3) must be escaped to \\u0013";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x14:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0014 (DC4) must be escaped to \\u0014";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x15:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0015 (NAK) must be escaped to \\u0015";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x16:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0016 (SYN) must be escaped to \\u0016";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x17:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0017 (ETB) must be escaped to \\u0017";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x18:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0018 (CAN) must be escaped to \\u0018";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x19:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0019 (EM) must be escaped to \\u0019";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1A:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001A (SUB) must be escaped to \\u001A";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1B:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001B (ESC) must be escaped to \\u001B";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1C:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001C (FS) must be escaped to \\u001C";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1D:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001D (GS) must be escaped to \\u001D";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1E:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001E (RS) must be escaped to \\u001E";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1F:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001F (US) must be escaped to \\u001F";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                // U+0020..U+007F (except U+0022 (quote) and U+005C (backspace))
+                case 0x20:
+                case 0x21:
+                case 0x23:
+                case 0x24:
+                case 0x25:
+                case 0x26:
+                case 0x27:
+                case 0x28:
+                case 0x29:
+                case 0x2A:
+                case 0x2B:
+                case 0x2C:
+                case 0x2D:
+                case 0x2E:
+                case 0x2F:
+                case 0x30:
+                case 0x31:
+                case 0x32:
+                case 0x33:
+                case 0x34:
+                case 0x35:
+                case 0x36:
+                case 0x37:
+                case 0x38:
+                case 0x39:
+                case 0x3A:
+                case 0x3B:
+                case 0x3C:
+                case 0x3D:
+                case 0x3E:
+                case 0x3F:
+                case 0x40:
+                case 0x41:
+                case 0x42:
+                case 0x43:
+                case 0x44:
+                case 0x45:
+                case 0x46:
+                case 0x47:
+                case 0x48:
+                case 0x49:
+                case 0x4A:
+                case 0x4B:
+                case 0x4C:
+                case 0x4D:
+                case 0x4E:
+                case 0x4F:
+                case 0x50:
+                case 0x51:
+                case 0x52:
+                case 0x53:
+                case 0x54:
+                case 0x55:
+                case 0x56:
+                case 0x57:
+                case 0x58:
+                case 0x59:
+                case 0x5A:
+                case 0x5B:
+                case 0x5D:
+                case 0x5E:
+                case 0x5F:
+                case 0x60:
+                case 0x61:
+                case 0x62:
+                case 0x63:
+                case 0x64:
+                case 0x65:
+                case 0x66:
+                case 0x67:
+                case 0x68:
+                case 0x69:
+                case 0x6A:
+                case 0x6B:
+                case 0x6C:
+                case 0x6D:
+                case 0x6E:
+                case 0x6F:
+                case 0x70:
+                case 0x71:
+                case 0x72:
+                case 0x73:
+                case 0x74:
+                case 0x75:
+                case 0x76:
+                case 0x77:
+                case 0x78:
+                case 0x79:
+                case 0x7A:
+                case 0x7B:
+                case 0x7C:
+                case 0x7D:
+                case 0x7E:
+                case 0x7F:
+                {
+                    add(current);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+0080..U+07FF: bytes C2..DF 80..BF
+                case 0xC2:
+                case 0xC3:
+                case 0xC4:
+                case 0xC5:
+                case 0xC6:
+                case 0xC7:
+                case 0xC8:
+                case 0xC9:
+                case 0xCA:
+                case 0xCB:
+                case 0xCC:
+                case 0xCD:
+                case 0xCE:
+                case 0xCF:
+                case 0xD0:
+                case 0xD1:
+                case 0xD2:
+                case 0xD3:
+                case 0xD4:
+                case 0xD5:
+                case 0xD6:
+                case 0xD7:
+                case 0xD8:
+                case 0xD9:
+                case 0xDA:
+                case 0xDB:
+                case 0xDC:
+                case 0xDD:
+                case 0xDE:
+                case 0xDF:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF})))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+0800..U+0FFF: bytes E0 A0..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xE0:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0xA0, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+1000..U+CFFF: bytes E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
+                // U+E000..U+FFFF: bytes EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xE1:
+                case 0xE2:
+                case 0xE3:
+                case 0xE4:
+                case 0xE5:
+                case 0xE6:
+                case 0xE7:
+                case 0xE8:
+                case 0xE9:
+                case 0xEA:
+                case 0xEB:
+                case 0xEC:
+                case 0xEE:
+                case 0xEF:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+D000..U+D7FF: bytes ED 80..9F 80..BF
+                case 0xED:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0x9F, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF0:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x90, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF1:
+                case 0xF2:
+                case 0xF3:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF4:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0x8F, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // remaining bytes (80..C1 and F5..FF) are ill-formed
+                default:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+     * @brief scan a comment
+     * @return whether comment could be scanned successfully
+     */
+    bool scan_comment()
+    {
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            // single-line comments skip input until a newline or EOF is read
+            case '/':
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        case '\n':
+                        case '\r':
+                        case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                        case '\0':
+                            return true;
+
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // multi-line comments skip input until */ is read
+            case '*':
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                        case '\0':
+                        {
+                            error_message = "invalid comment; missing closing '*/'";
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        case '*':
+                        {
+                            switch (get())
+                            {
+                                case '/':
+                                    return true;
+
+                                default:
+                                {
+                                    unget();
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        default:
+                            continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // unexpected character after reading '/'
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid comment; expecting '/' or '*' after '/'";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(float& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtof(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtod(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(long double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtold(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief scan a number literal
+
+    This function scans a string according to Sect. 6 of RFC 8259.
+
+    The function is realized with a deterministic finite state machine derived
+    from the grammar described in RFC 8259. Starting in state "init", the
+    input is read and used to determined the next state. Only state "done"
+    accepts the number. State "error" is a trap state to model errors. In the
+    table below, "anything" means any character but the ones listed before.
+
+    state    | 0        | 1-9      | e E      | +       | -       | .        | anything
+    ---------|----------|----------|----------|---------|---------|----------|-----------
+    init     | zero     | any1     | [error]  | [error] | minus   | [error]  | [error]
+    minus    | zero     | any1     | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    zero     | done     | done     | exponent | done    | done    | decimal1 | done
+    any1     | any1     | any1     | exponent | done    | done    | decimal1 | done
+    decimal1 | decimal2 | decimal2 | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    decimal2 | decimal2 | decimal2 | exponent | done    | done    | done     | done
+    exponent | any2     | any2     | [error]  | sign    | sign    | [error]  | [error]
+    sign     | any2     | any2     | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    any2     | any2     | any2     | done     | done    | done    | done     | done
+
+    The state machine is realized with one label per state (prefixed with
+    "scan_number_") and `goto` statements between them. The state machine
+    contains cycles, but any cycle can be left when EOF is read. Therefore,
+    the function is guaranteed to terminate.
+
+    During scanning, the read bytes are stored in token_buffer. This string is
+    then converted to a signed integer, an unsigned integer, or a
+    floating-point number.
+
+    @return token_type::value_unsigned, token_type::value_integer, or
+            token_type::value_float if number could be successfully scanned,
+            token_type::parse_error otherwise
+
+    @note The scanner is independent of the current locale. Internally, the
+          locale's decimal point is used instead of `.` to work with the
+          locale-dependent converters.
+    */
+    token_type scan_number()  // lgtm [cpp/use-of-goto]
+    {
+        // reset token_buffer to store the number's bytes
+        reset();
+
+        // the type of the parsed number; initially set to unsigned; will be
+        // changed if minus sign, decimal point or exponent is read
+        token_type number_type = token_type::value_unsigned;
+
+        // state (init): we just found out we need to scan a number
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case '-':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_minus;
+            }
+
+            case '0':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_zero;
+            }
+
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            // all other characters are rejected outside scan_number()
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+scan_number_minus:
+        // state: we just parsed a leading minus sign
+        number_type = token_type::value_integer;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_zero;
+            }
+
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after '-'";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_zero:
+        // state: we just parse a zero (maybe with a leading minus sign)
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '.':
+            {
+                add(decimal_point_char);
+                goto scan_number_decimal1;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_any1:
+        // state: we just parsed a number 0-9 (maybe with a leading minus sign)
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            case '.':
+            {
+                add(decimal_point_char);
+                goto scan_number_decimal1;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_decimal1:
+        // state: we just parsed a decimal point
+        number_type = token_type::value_float;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_decimal2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after '.'";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_decimal2:
+        // we just parsed at least one number after a decimal point
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_decimal2;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_exponent:
+        // we just parsed an exponent
+        number_type = token_type::value_float;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '+':
+            case '-':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_sign;
+            }
+
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message =
+                    "invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_sign:
+        // we just parsed an exponent sign
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after exponent sign";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_any2:
+        // we just parsed a number after the exponent or exponent sign
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_done:
+        // unget the character after the number (we only read it to know that
+        // we are done scanning a number)
+        unget();
+
+        char* endptr = nullptr; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        errno = 0;
+
+        // try to parse integers first and fall back to floats
+        if (number_type == token_type::value_unsigned)
+        {
+            const auto x = std::strtoull(token_buffer.data(), &endptr, 10);
+
+            // we checked the number format before
+            JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+            if (errno == 0)
+            {
+                value_unsigned = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(x);
+                if (value_unsigned == x)
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_unsigned;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (number_type == token_type::value_integer)
+        {
+            const auto x = std::strtoll(token_buffer.data(), &endptr, 10);
+
+            // we checked the number format before
+            JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+            if (errno == 0)
+            {
+                value_integer = static_cast<number_integer_t>(x);
+                if (value_integer == x)
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_integer;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // this code is reached if we parse a floating-point number or if an
+        // integer conversion above failed
+        strtof(value_float, token_buffer.data(), &endptr);
+
+        // we checked the number format before
+        JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+        return token_type::value_float;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] literal_text  the literal text to expect
+    @param[in] length        the length of the passed literal text
+    @param[in] return_type   the token type to return on success
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    token_type scan_literal(const char_type* literal_text, const std::size_t length,
+                            token_type return_type)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current) == literal_text[0]);
+        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < length; ++i)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(get()) != literal_text[i]))
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid literal";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+        return return_type;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // input management
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// reset token_buffer; current character is beginning of token
+    void reset() noexcept
+    {
+        token_buffer.clear();
+        token_string.clear();
+        token_string.push_back(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current));
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @brief get next character from the input
+
+    This function provides the interface to the used input adapter. It does
+    not throw in case the input reached EOF, but returns a
+    `std::char_traits<char>::eof()` in that case.  Stores the scanned characters
+    for use in error messages.
+
+    @return character read from the input
+    */
+    char_int_type get()
+    {
+        ++position.chars_read_total;
+        ++position.chars_read_current_line;
+
+        if (next_unget)
+        {
+            // just reset the next_unget variable and work with current
+            next_unget = false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            current = ia.get_character();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            token_string.push_back(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current));
+        }
+
+        if (current == '\n')
+        {
+            ++position.lines_read;
+            position.chars_read_current_line = 0;
+        }
+
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief unget current character (read it again on next get)
+
+    We implement unget by setting variable next_unget to true. The input is not
+    changed - we just simulate ungetting by modifying chars_read_total,
+    chars_read_current_line, and token_string. The next call to get() will
+    behave as if the unget character is read again.
+    */
+    void unget()
+    {
+        next_unget = true;
+
+        --position.chars_read_total;
+
+        // in case we "unget" a newline, we have to also decrement the lines_read
+        if (position.chars_read_current_line == 0)
+        {
+            if (position.lines_read > 0)
+            {
+                --position.lines_read;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            --position.chars_read_current_line;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(!token_string.empty());
+            token_string.pop_back();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// add a character to token_buffer
+    void add(char_int_type c)
+    {
+        token_buffer.push_back(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(c));
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /////////////////////
+    // value getters
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return integer value
+    constexpr number_integer_t get_number_integer() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_integer;
+    }
+
+    /// return unsigned integer value
+    constexpr number_unsigned_t get_number_unsigned() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /// return floating-point value
+    constexpr number_float_t get_number_float() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_float;
+    }
+
+    /// return current string value (implicitly resets the token; useful only once)
+    string_t& get_string()
+    {
+        return token_buffer;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // diagnostics
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return position of last read token
+    constexpr position_t get_position() const noexcept
+    {
+        return position;
+    }
+
+    /// return the last read token (for errors only).  Will never contain EOF
+    /// (an arbitrary value that is not a valid char value, often -1), because
+    /// 255 may legitimately occur.  May contain NUL, which should be escaped.
+    std::string get_token_string() const
+    {
+        // escape control characters
+        std::string result;
+        for (const auto c : token_string)
+        {
+            if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= '\x1F')
+            {
+                // escape control characters
+                std::array<char, 9> cs{{}};
+                (std::snprintf)(cs.data(), cs.size(), "<U+%.4X>", static_cast<unsigned char>(c)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                result += cs.data();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // add character as is
+                result.push_back(static_cast<std::string::value_type>(c));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// return syntax error message
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    constexpr const char* get_error_message() const noexcept
+    {
+        return error_message;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // actual scanner
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief skip the UTF-8 byte order mark
+    @return true iff there is no BOM or the correct BOM has been skipped
+    */
+    bool skip_bom()
+    {
+        if (get() == 0xEF)
+        {
+            // check if we completely parse the BOM
+            return get() == 0xBB && get() == 0xBF;
+        }
+
+        // the first character is not the beginning of the BOM; unget it to
+        // process is later
+        unget();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void skip_whitespace()
+    {
+        do
+        {
+            get();
+        }
+        while (current == ' ' || current == '\t' || current == '\n' || current == '\r');
+    }
+
+    token_type scan()
+    {
+        // initially, skip the BOM
+        if (position.chars_read_total == 0 && !skip_bom())
+        {
+            error_message = "invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given";
+            return token_type::parse_error;
+        }
+
+        // read next character and ignore whitespace
+        skip_whitespace();
+
+        // ignore comments
+        while (ignore_comments && current == '/')
+        {
+            if (!scan_comment())
+            {
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+
+            // skip following whitespace
+            skip_whitespace();
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // structural characters
+            case '[':
+                return token_type::begin_array;
+            case ']':
+                return token_type::end_array;
+            case '{':
+                return token_type::begin_object;
+            case '}':
+                return token_type::end_object;
+            case ':':
+                return token_type::name_separator;
+            case ',':
+                return token_type::value_separator;
+
+            // literals
+            case 't':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 4> true_literal = {{char_type('t'), char_type('r'), char_type('u'), char_type('e')}};
+                return scan_literal(true_literal.data(), true_literal.size(), token_type::literal_true);
+            }
+            case 'f':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 5> false_literal = {{char_type('f'), char_type('a'), char_type('l'), char_type('s'), char_type('e')}};
+                return scan_literal(false_literal.data(), false_literal.size(), token_type::literal_false);
+            }
+            case 'n':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 4> null_literal = {{char_type('n'), char_type('u'), char_type('l'), char_type('l')}};
+                return scan_literal(null_literal.data(), null_literal.size(), token_type::literal_null);
+            }
+
+            // string
+            case '\"':
+                return scan_string();
+
+            // number
+            case '-':
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+                return scan_number();
+
+            // end of input (the null byte is needed when parsing from
+            // string literals)
+            case '\0':
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return token_type::end_of_input;
+
+            // error
+            default:
+                error_message = "invalid literal";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// input adapter
+    InputAdapterType ia;
+
+    /// whether comments should be ignored (true) or signaled as errors (false)
+    const bool ignore_comments = false;
+
+    /// the current character
+    char_int_type current = std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+
+    /// whether the next get() call should just return current
+    bool next_unget = false;
+
+    /// the start position of the current token
+    position_t position {};
+
+    /// raw input token string (for error messages)
+    std::vector<char_type> token_string {};
+
+    /// buffer for variable-length tokens (numbers, strings)
+    string_t token_buffer {};
+
+    /// a description of occurred lexer errors
+    const char* error_message = "";
+
+    // number values
+    number_integer_t value_integer = 0;
+    number_unsigned_t value_unsigned = 0;
+    number_float_t value_float = 0;
+
+    /// the decimal point
+    const char_int_type decimal_point_char = '.';
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99cdd05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cmath> // isfinite
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <functional> // function
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+////////////
+// parser //
+////////////
+
+enum class parse_event_t : std::uint8_t
+{
+    /// the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
+    object_start,
+    /// the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
+    object_end,
+    /// the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
+    array_start,
+    /// the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
+    array_end,
+    /// the parser read a key of a value in an object
+    key,
+    /// the parser finished reading a JSON value
+    value
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+using parser_callback_t =
+    std::function<bool(int /*depth*/, parse_event_t /*event*/, BasicJsonType& /*parsed*/)>;
+
+/*!
+@brief syntax analysis
+
+This class implements a recursive descent parser.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType>
+class parser
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using lexer_t = lexer<BasicJsonType, InputAdapterType>;
+    using token_type = typename lexer_t::token_type;
+
+  public:
+    /// a parser reading from an input adapter
+    explicit parser(InputAdapterType&& adapter,
+                    const parser_callback_t<BasicJsonType> cb = nullptr,
+                    const bool allow_exceptions_ = true,
+                    const bool skip_comments = false)
+        : callback(cb)
+        , m_lexer(std::move(adapter), skip_comments)
+        , allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {
+        // read first token
+        get_token();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief public parser interface
+
+    @param[in] strict      whether to expect the last token to be EOF
+    @param[in,out] result  parsed JSON value
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 in case of an unexpected token
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+    */
+    void parse(const bool strict, BasicJsonType& result)
+    {
+        if (callback)
+        {
+            json_sax_dom_callback_parser<BasicJsonType> sdp(result, callback, allow_exceptions);
+            sax_parse_internal(&sdp);
+
+            // in strict mode, input must be completely read
+            if (strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+            {
+                sdp.parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // in case of an error, return discarded value
+            if (sdp.is_errored())
+            {
+                result = value_t::discarded;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // set top-level value to null if it was discarded by the callback
+            // function
+            if (result.is_discarded())
+            {
+                result = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            json_sax_dom_parser<BasicJsonType> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+            sax_parse_internal(&sdp);
+
+            // in strict mode, input must be completely read
+            if (strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+            {
+                sdp.parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // in case of an error, return discarded value
+            if (sdp.is_errored())
+            {
+                result = value_t::discarded;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        result.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief public accept interface
+
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the last token to be EOF
+    @return whether the input is a proper JSON text
+    */
+    bool accept(const bool strict = true)
+    {
+        json_sax_acceptor<BasicJsonType> sax_acceptor;
+        return sax_parse(&sax_acceptor, strict);
+    }
+
+    template<typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    bool sax_parse(SAX* sax, const bool strict = true)
+    {
+        (void)detail::is_sax_static_asserts<SAX, BasicJsonType> {};
+        const bool result = sax_parse_internal(sax);
+
+        // strict mode: next byte must be EOF
+        if (result && strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    template<typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    bool sax_parse_internal(SAX* sax)
+    {
+        // stack to remember the hierarchy of structured values we are parsing
+        // true = array; false = object
+        std::vector<bool> states;
+        // value to avoid a goto (see comment where set to true)
+        bool skip_to_state_evaluation = false;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (!skip_to_state_evaluation)
+            {
+                // invariant: get_token() was called before each iteration
+                switch (last_token)
+                {
+                    case token_type::begin_object:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // closing } -> we are done
+                        if (get_token() == token_type::end_object)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_object()))
+                            {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // parse key
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(last_token != token_type::value_string))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::value_string, "object key"), BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->key(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // parse separator (:)
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::name_separator))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::name_separator, "object separator"), BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        // remember we are now inside an object
+                        states.push_back(false);
+
+                        // parse values
+                        get_token();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::begin_array:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // closing ] -> we are done
+                        if (get_token() == token_type::end_array)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_array()))
+                            {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // remember we are now inside an array
+                        states.push_back(true);
+
+                        // parse values (no need to call get_token)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_float:
+                    {
+                        const auto res = m_lexer.get_number_float();
+
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!std::isfinite(res)))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    out_of_range::create(406, "number overflow parsing '" + m_lexer.get_token_string() + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_float(res, m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_false:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->boolean(false)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_null:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->null()))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_true:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->boolean(true)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_integer:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_integer(m_lexer.get_number_integer())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_string:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->string(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_unsigned:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_unsigned(m_lexer.get_number_unsigned())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::parse_error:
+                    {
+                        // using "uninitialized" to avoid "expected" message
+                        return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::uninitialized, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::uninitialized:
+                    case token_type::end_array:
+                    case token_type::end_object:
+                    case token_type::name_separator:
+                    case token_type::value_separator:
+                    case token_type::end_of_input:
+                    case token_type::literal_or_value:
+                    default: // the last token was unexpected
+                    {
+                        return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::literal_or_value, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                skip_to_state_evaluation = false;
+            }
+
+            // we reached this line after we successfully parsed a value
+            if (states.empty())
+            {
+                // empty stack: we reached the end of the hierarchy: done
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (states.back())  // array
+            {
+                // comma -> next value
+                if (get_token() == token_type::value_separator)
+                {
+                    // parse a new value
+                    get_token();
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // closing ]
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(last_token == token_type::end_array))
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_array()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // We are done with this array. Before we can parse a
+                    // new value, we need to evaluate the new state first.
+                    // By setting skip_to_state_evaluation to false, we
+                    // are effectively jumping to the beginning of this if.
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!states.empty());
+                    states.pop_back();
+                    skip_to_state_evaluation = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                        m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                        parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_array, "array"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // states.back() is false -> object
+
+            // comma -> next value
+            if (get_token() == token_type::value_separator)
+            {
+                // parse key
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::value_string))
+                {
+                    return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                            m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                            parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::value_string, "object key"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->key(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // parse separator (:)
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::name_separator))
+                {
+                    return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                            m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                            parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::name_separator, "object separator"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                // parse values
+                get_token();
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // closing }
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(last_token == token_type::end_object))
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_object()))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // We are done with this object. Before we can parse a
+                // new value, we need to evaluate the new state first.
+                // By setting skip_to_state_evaluation to false, we
+                // are effectively jumping to the beginning of this if.
+                JSON_ASSERT(!states.empty());
+                states.pop_back();
+                skip_to_state_evaluation = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_object, "object"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// get next token from lexer
+    token_type get_token()
+    {
+        return last_token = m_lexer.scan();
+    }
+
+    std::string exception_message(const token_type expected, const std::string& context)
+    {
+        std::string error_msg = "syntax error ";
+
+        if (!context.empty())
+        {
+            error_msg += "while parsing " + context + " ";
+        }
+
+        error_msg += "- ";
+
+        if (last_token == token_type::parse_error)
+        {
+            error_msg += std::string(m_lexer.get_error_message()) + "; last read: '" +
+                         m_lexer.get_token_string() + "'";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            error_msg += "unexpected " + std::string(lexer_t::token_type_name(last_token));
+        }
+
+        if (expected != token_type::uninitialized)
+        {
+            error_msg += "; expected " + std::string(lexer_t::token_type_name(expected));
+        }
+
+        return error_msg;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// callback function
+    const parser_callback_t<BasicJsonType> callback = nullptr;
+    /// the type of the last read token
+    token_type last_token = token_type::uninitialized;
+    /// the lexer
+    lexer_t m_lexer;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14e9649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// struct to capture the start position of the current token
+struct position_t
+{
+    /// the total number of characters read
+    std::size_t chars_read_total = 0;
+    /// the number of characters read in the current line
+    std::size_t chars_read_current_line = 0;
+    /// the number of lines read
+    std::size_t lines_read = 0;
+
+    /// conversion to size_t to preserve SAX interface
+    constexpr operator size_t() const
+    {
+        return chars_read_total;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c81f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/*!
+@brief an iterator value
+
+@note This structure could easily be a union, but MSVC currently does not allow
+unions members with complex constructors, see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/105.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType> struct internal_iterator
+{
+    /// iterator for JSON objects
+    typename BasicJsonType::object_t::iterator object_iterator {};
+    /// iterator for JSON arrays
+    typename BasicJsonType::array_t::iterator array_iterator {};
+    /// generic iterator for all other types
+    primitive_iterator_t primitive_iterator {};
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaff2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iterator> // iterator, random_access_iterator_tag, bidirectional_iterator_tag, advance, next
+#include <type_traits> // conditional, is_const, remove_const
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+// forward declare, to be able to friend it later on
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy;
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy_value;
+
+/*!
+@brief a template for a bidirectional iterator for the @ref basic_json class
+This class implements a both iterators (iterator and const_iterator) for the
+@ref basic_json class.
+@note An iterator is called *initialized* when a pointer to a JSON value has
+      been set (e.g., by a constructor or a copy assignment). If the iterator is
+      default-constructed, it is *uninitialized* and most methods are undefined.
+      **The library uses assertions to detect calls on uninitialized iterators.**
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+-
+[BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
+  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
+  incremented and decremented).
+@since version 1.0.0, simplified in version 2.0.9, change to bidirectional
+       iterators in version 3.0.0 (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/593)
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class iter_impl
+{
+    /// the iterator with BasicJsonType of different const-ness
+    using other_iter_impl = iter_impl<typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value, typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type, const BasicJsonType>::type>;
+    /// allow basic_json to access private members
+    friend other_iter_impl;
+    friend BasicJsonType;
+    friend iteration_proxy<iter_impl>;
+    friend iteration_proxy_value<iter_impl>;
+
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+    using array_t = typename BasicJsonType::array_t;
+    // make sure BasicJsonType is basic_json or const basic_json
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>::value,
+                  "iter_impl only accepts (const) basic_json");
+
+  public:
+
+    /// The std::iterator class template (used as a base class to provide typedefs) is deprecated in C++17.
+    /// The C++ Standard has never required user-defined iterators to derive from std::iterator.
+    /// A user-defined iterator should provide publicly accessible typedefs named
+    /// iterator_category, value_type, difference_type, pointer, and reference.
+    /// Note that value_type is required to be non-const, even for constant iterators.
+    using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+
+    /// the type of the values when the iterator is dereferenced
+    using value_type = typename BasicJsonType::value_type;
+    /// a type to represent differences between iterators
+    using difference_type = typename BasicJsonType::difference_type;
+    /// defines a pointer to the type iterated over (value_type)
+    using pointer = typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value,
+          typename BasicJsonType::const_pointer,
+          typename BasicJsonType::pointer>::type;
+    /// defines a reference to the type iterated over (value_type)
+    using reference =
+        typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value,
+        typename BasicJsonType::const_reference,
+        typename BasicJsonType::reference>::type;
+
+    iter_impl() = default;
+    ~iter_impl() = default;
+    iter_impl(iter_impl&&) noexcept = default;
+    iter_impl& operator=(iter_impl&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief constructor for a given JSON instance
+    @param[in] object  pointer to a JSON object for this iterator
+    @pre object != nullptr
+    @post The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    explicit iter_impl(pointer object) noexcept : m_object(object)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = typename object_t::iterator();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = typename array_t::iterator();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator = primitive_iterator_t();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @note The conventional copy constructor and copy assignment are implicitly
+          defined. Combined with the following converting constructor and
+          assignment, they support: (1) copy from iterator to iterator, (2)
+          copy from const iterator to const iterator, and (3) conversion from
+          iterator to const iterator. However conversion from const iterator
+          to iterator is not defined.
+    */
+
+    /*!
+    @brief const copy constructor
+    @param[in] other const iterator to copy from
+    @note This copy constructor had to be defined explicitly to circumvent a bug
+          occurring on msvc v19.0 compiler (VS 2015) debug build. For more
+          information refer to: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1608
+    */
+    iter_impl(const iter_impl<const BasicJsonType>& other) noexcept
+        : m_object(other.m_object), m_it(other.m_it)
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting assignment
+    @param[in] other const iterator to copy from
+    @return const/non-const iterator
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator=(const iter_impl<const BasicJsonType>& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (&other != this)
+        {
+            m_object = other.m_object;
+            m_it = other.m_it;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting constructor
+    @param[in] other  non-const iterator to copy from
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl(const iter_impl<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>& other) noexcept
+        : m_object(other.m_object), m_it(other.m_it)
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting assignment
+    @param[in] other  non-const iterator to copy from
+    @return const/non-const iterator
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator=(const iter_impl<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>& other) noexcept // NOLINT(cert-oop54-cpp)
+    {
+        m_object = other.m_object;
+        m_it = other.m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief set the iterator to the first value
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    void set_begin() noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->begin();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->begin();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // set to end so begin()==end() is true: null is empty
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_begin();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief set the iterator past the last value
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    void set_end() noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief return a reference to the value pointed to by the iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference operator*() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.object_iterator != m_object->m_value.object->end());
+                return m_it.object_iterator->second;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.array_iterator != m_object->m_value.array->end());
+                return *m_it.array_iterator;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    return *m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dereference the iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    pointer operator->() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.object_iterator != m_object->m_value.object->end());
+                return &(m_it.object_iterator->second);
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.array_iterator != m_object->m_value.array->end());
+                return &*m_it.array_iterator;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    return m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief post-increment (it++)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl const operator++(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        ++(*this);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief pre-increment (++it)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator++()
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.object_iterator, 1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, 1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                ++m_it.primitive_iterator;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief post-decrement (it--)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl const operator--(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        --(*this);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief pre-decrement (--it)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator--()
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.object_iterator, -1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, -1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                --m_it.primitive_iterator;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    template < typename IterImpl, detail::enable_if_t < (std::is_same<IterImpl, iter_impl>::value || std::is_same<IterImpl, other_iter_impl>::value), std::nullptr_t > = nullptr >
+    bool operator==(const IterImpl& other) const
+    {
+        // if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_object != other.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(212, "cannot compare iterators of different containers", *m_object));
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return (m_it.object_iterator == other.m_it.object_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return (m_it.array_iterator == other.m_it.array_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return (m_it.primitive_iterator == other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    template < typename IterImpl, detail::enable_if_t < (std::is_same<IterImpl, iter_impl>::value || std::is_same<IterImpl, other_iter_impl>::value), std::nullptr_t > = nullptr >
+    bool operator!=(const IterImpl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator==(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: smaller
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator<(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        // if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_object != other.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(212, "cannot compare iterators of different containers", *m_object));
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(213, "cannot compare order of object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return (m_it.array_iterator < other.m_it.array_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return (m_it.primitive_iterator < other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator<=(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !other.operator < (*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator>(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator<=(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator>=(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator<(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add to iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator+=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(209, "cannot use offsets with object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, i);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator += i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief subtract from iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator-=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        return operator+=(-i);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add to iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl operator+(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result += i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief addition of distance and iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    friend iter_impl operator+(difference_type i, const iter_impl& it)
+    {
+        auto result = it;
+        result += i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief subtract from iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl operator-(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result -= i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return difference
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    difference_type operator-(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(209, "cannot use offsets with object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return m_it.array_iterator - other.m_it.array_iterator;
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return m_it.primitive_iterator - other.m_it.primitive_iterator;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access to successor
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference operator[](difference_type n) const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(208, "cannot use operator[] for object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return *std::next(m_it.array_iterator, n);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.get_value() == -n))
+                {
+                    return *m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the key of an object iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    const typename object_t::key_type& key() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            return m_it.object_iterator->first;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(207, "cannot use key() for non-object iterators", *m_object));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the value of an iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference value() const
+    {
+        return operator*();
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /// associated JSON instance
+    pointer m_object = nullptr;
+    /// the actual iterator of the associated instance
+    internal_iterator<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type> m_it {};
+};
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9994b36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag
+#include <string> // string, to_string
+#include <tuple> // tuple_size, get, tuple_element
+#include <utility> // move
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename string_type>
+void int_to_string( string_type& target, std::size_t value )
+{
+    // For ADL
+    using std::to_string;
+    target = to_string(value);
+}
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy_value
+{
+  public:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = iteration_proxy_value;
+    using pointer = value_type * ;
+    using reference = value_type & ;
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+    using string_type = typename std::remove_cv< typename std::remove_reference<decltype( std::declval<IteratorType>().key() ) >::type >::type;
+
+  private:
+    /// the iterator
+    IteratorType anchor;
+    /// an index for arrays (used to create key names)
+    std::size_t array_index = 0;
+    /// last stringified array index
+    mutable std::size_t array_index_last = 0;
+    /// a string representation of the array index
+    mutable string_type array_index_str = "0";
+    /// an empty string (to return a reference for primitive values)
+    const string_type empty_str{};
+
+  public:
+    explicit iteration_proxy_value(IteratorType it) noexcept
+        : anchor(std::move(it))
+    {}
+
+    /// dereference operator (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value& operator*()
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// increment operator (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value& operator++()
+    {
+        ++anchor;
+        ++array_index;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// equality operator (needed for InputIterator)
+    bool operator==(const iteration_proxy_value& o) const
+    {
+        return anchor == o.anchor;
+    }
+
+    /// inequality operator (needed for range-based for)
+    bool operator!=(const iteration_proxy_value& o) const
+    {
+        return anchor != o.anchor;
+    }
+
+    /// return key of the iterator
+    const string_type& key() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(anchor.m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (anchor.m_object->type())
+        {
+            // use integer array index as key
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (array_index != array_index_last)
+                {
+                    int_to_string( array_index_str, array_index );
+                    array_index_last = array_index;
+                }
+                return array_index_str;
+            }
+
+            // use key from the object
+            case value_t::object:
+                return anchor.key();
+
+            // use an empty key for all primitive types
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return empty_str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// return value of the iterator
+    typename IteratorType::reference value() const
+    {
+        return anchor.value();
+    }
+};
+
+/// proxy class for the items() function
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy
+{
+  private:
+    /// the container to iterate
+    typename IteratorType::reference container;
+
+  public:
+    /// construct iteration proxy from a container
+    explicit iteration_proxy(typename IteratorType::reference cont) noexcept
+        : container(cont) {}
+
+    /// return iterator begin (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType> begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>(container.begin());
+    }
+
+    /// return iterator end (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType> end() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>(container.end());
+    }
+};
+// Structured Bindings Support
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType, enable_if_t<N == 0, int> = 0>
+auto get(const nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>& i) -> decltype(i.key())
+{
+    return i.key();
+}
+// Structured Bindings Support
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType, enable_if_t<N == 1, int> = 0>
+auto get(const nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>& i) -> decltype(i.value())
+{
+    return i.value();
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// The Addition to the STD Namespace is required to add
+// Structured Bindings Support to the iteration_proxy_value class
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+namespace std
+{
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    // Fix: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1401
+    #pragma clang diagnostic push
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
+#endif
+template<typename IteratorType>
+class tuple_size<::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>>
+            : public std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 2> {};
+
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType>
+class tuple_element<N, ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >>
+{
+  public:
+    using type = decltype(
+                     get<N>(std::declval <
+                            ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >> ()));
+};
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+} // namespace std
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da56361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iterator> // random_access_iterator_tag
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename It, typename = void>
+struct iterator_types {};
+
+template<typename It>
+struct iterator_types <
+    It,
+    void_t<typename It::difference_type, typename It::value_type, typename It::pointer,
+    typename It::reference, typename It::iterator_category >>
+{
+    using difference_type = typename It::difference_type;
+    using value_type = typename It::value_type;
+    using pointer = typename It::pointer;
+    using reference = typename It::reference;
+    using iterator_category = typename It::iterator_category;
+};
+
+// This is required as some compilers implement std::iterator_traits in a way that
+// doesn't work with SFINAE. See https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1341.
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct iterator_traits
+{
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct iterator_traits < T, enable_if_t < !std::is_pointer<T>::value >>
+            : iterator_types<T>
+{
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct iterator_traits<T*, enable_if_t<std::is_object<T>::value>>
+{
+    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = T;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+    using pointer = T*;
+    using reference = T&;
+};
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e787fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
+#include <iterator> // reverse_iterator
+#include <utility> // declval
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+//////////////////////
+// reverse_iterator //
+//////////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief a template for a reverse iterator class
+
+@tparam Base the base iterator type to reverse. Valid types are @ref
+iterator (to create @ref reverse_iterator) and @ref const_iterator (to
+create @ref const_reverse_iterator).
+
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+-
+[BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
+  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
+  incremented and decremented).
+- [OutputIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/OutputIterator):
+  It is possible to write to the pointed-to element (only if @a Base is
+  @ref iterator).
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+template<typename Base>
+class json_reverse_iterator : public std::reverse_iterator<Base>
+{
+  public:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    /// shortcut to the reverse iterator adapter
+    using base_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<Base>;
+    /// the reference type for the pointed-to element
+    using reference = typename Base::reference;
+
+    /// create reverse iterator from iterator
+    explicit json_reverse_iterator(const typename base_iterator::iterator_type& it) noexcept
+        : base_iterator(it) {}
+
+    /// create reverse iterator from base class
+    explicit json_reverse_iterator(const base_iterator& it) noexcept : base_iterator(it) {}
+
+    /// post-increment (it++)
+    json_reverse_iterator const operator++(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator++(1));
+    }
+
+    /// pre-increment (++it)
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator++()
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator++());
+    }
+
+    /// post-decrement (it--)
+    json_reverse_iterator const operator--(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator--(1));
+    }
+
+    /// pre-decrement (--it)
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator--()
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator--());
+    }
+
+    /// add to iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator+=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator+=(i));
+    }
+
+    /// add to iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator operator+(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator+(i));
+    }
+
+    /// subtract from iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator operator-(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator-(i));
+    }
+
+    /// return difference
+    difference_type operator-(const json_reverse_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return base_iterator(*this) - base_iterator(other);
+    }
+
+    /// access to successor
+    reference operator[](difference_type n) const
+    {
+        return *(this->operator+(n));
+    }
+
+    /// return the key of an object iterator
+    auto key() const -> decltype(std::declval<Base>().key())
+    {
+        auto it = --this->base();
+        return it.key();
+    }
+
+    /// return the value of an iterator
+    reference value() const
+    {
+        auto it = --this->base();
+        return it.operator * ();
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15aa2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
+#include <limits>  // numeric_limits
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/*
+@brief an iterator for primitive JSON types
+
+This class models an iterator for primitive JSON types (boolean, number,
+string). It's only purpose is to allow the iterator/const_iterator classes
+to "iterate" over primitive values. Internally, the iterator is modeled by
+a `difference_type` variable. Value begin_value (`0`) models the begin,
+end_value (`1`) models past the end.
+*/
+class primitive_iterator_t
+{
+  private:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    static constexpr difference_type begin_value = 0;
+    static constexpr difference_type end_value = begin_value + 1;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /// iterator as signed integer type
+    difference_type m_it = (std::numeric_limits<std::ptrdiff_t>::min)();
+
+  public:
+    constexpr difference_type get_value() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it;
+    }
+
+    /// set iterator to a defined beginning
+    void set_begin() noexcept
+    {
+        m_it = begin_value;
+    }
+
+    /// set iterator to a defined past the end
+    void set_end() noexcept
+    {
+        m_it = end_value;
+    }
+
+    /// return whether the iterator can be dereferenced
+    constexpr bool is_begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it == begin_value;
+    }
+
+    /// return whether the iterator is at end
+    constexpr bool is_end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it == end_value;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr bool operator==(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it == rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr bool operator<(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it < rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t operator+(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result += n;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr difference_type operator-(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it - rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator++() noexcept
+    {
+        ++m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t const operator++(int) noexcept // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        ++m_it;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator--() noexcept
+    {
+        --m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t const operator--(int) noexcept // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        --m_it;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator+=(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        m_it += n;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator-=(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        m_it -= n;
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d727ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,989 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // all_of
+#include <cctype> // isdigit
+#include <limits> // max
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_pointer
+{
+    // allow basic_json to access private members
+    NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+    friend class basic_json;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create JSON pointer
+
+    Create a JSON pointer according to the syntax described in
+    [Section 3 of RFC6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901#section-3).
+
+    @param[in] s  string representing the JSON pointer; if omitted, the empty
+                  string is assumed which references the whole JSON value
+
+    @throw parse_error.107 if the given JSON pointer @a s is nonempty and does
+                           not begin with a slash (`/`); see example below
+
+    @throw parse_error.108 if a tilde (`~`) in the given JSON pointer @a s is
+    not followed by `0` (representing `~`) or `1` (representing `/`); see
+    example below
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the construction several valid JSON pointers
+    as well as the exceptional behavior.,json_pointer}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    explicit json_pointer(const std::string& s = "")
+        : reference_tokens(split(s))
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+
+    @invariant For each JSON pointer `ptr`, it holds:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ptr == json_pointer(ptr.to_string());
+    @endcode
+
+    @return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `to_string`.,json_pointer__to_string}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    std::string to_string() const
+    {
+        return std::accumulate(reference_tokens.begin(), reference_tokens.end(),
+                               std::string{},
+                               [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
+        {
+            return a + "/" + detail::escape(b);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc to_string()
+    operator std::string() const
+    {
+        return to_string();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append another JSON pointer at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a ptr appended
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, const json_pointer&) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.insert(reference_tokens.end(),
+                                ptr.reference_tokens.begin(),
+                                ptr.reference_tokens.end());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an unescaped reference token at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] token  reference token to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a token appended without escaping @a token
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::size_t) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(std::string token)
+    {
+        push_back(std::move(token));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an array index at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] array_idx  array index to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a array_idx appended
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::string) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(std::size_t array_idx)
+    {
+        return *this /= std::to_string(array_idx);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the right JSON pointer at the end of the left JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer
+    @return a new JSON pointer with @a rhs appended to @a lhs
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a lhs and @a rhs.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& lhs,
+                                  const json_pointer& rhs)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(lhs) /= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the unescaped token at the end of the JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] token  reference token
+    @return a new JSON pointer with unescaped @a token appended to @a ptr
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::string token) // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(ptr) /= std::move(token);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the array-index-token at the end of the JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] array_idx  array index
+    @return a new JSON pointer with @a array_idx appended to @a ptr
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::size_t array_idx)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(ptr) /= array_idx;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the parent of this JSON pointer
+
+    @return parent of this JSON pointer; in case this JSON pointer is the root,
+            the root itself is returned
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `parent_pointer` for different
+    JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__parent_pointer}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer parent_pointer() const
+    {
+        if (empty())
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        json_pointer res = *this;
+        res.pop_back();
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove last reference token
+
+    @pre not `empty()`
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `pop_back`.,json_pointer__pop_back}
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    void pop_back()
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        reference_tokens.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return last reference token
+
+    @pre not `empty()`
+    @return last reference token
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `back`.,json_pointer__back}
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    const std::string& back() const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return reference_tokens.back();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an unescaped token at the end of the reference pointer
+
+    @param[in] token  token to add
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `push_back` for different
+    JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__push_back}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    void push_back(const std::string& token)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.push_back(token);
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc push_back(const std::string&)
+    void push_back(std::string&& token)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.push_back(std::move(token));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether pointer points to the root document
+
+    @return true iff the JSON pointer points to the root document
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `empty` for different JSON
+    Pointers.,json_pointer__empty}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return reference_tokens.empty();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] s  reference token to be converted into an array index
+
+    @return integer representation of @a s
+
+    @throw parse_error.106  if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109  if an array index begins not with a digit
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if string @a s could not be converted to an integer
+    @throw out_of_range.410 if an array index exceeds size_type
+    */
+    static typename BasicJsonType::size_type array_index(const std::string& s)
+    {
+        using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type;
+
+        // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 && s[0] == '0'))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(106, 0, "array index '" + s + "' must not begin with '0'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 && !(s[0] >= '1' && s[0] <= '9')))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(109, 0, "array index '" + s + "' is not a number", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        std::size_t processed_chars = 0;
+        unsigned long long res = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+        JSON_TRY
+        {
+            res = std::stoull(s, &processed_chars);
+        }
+        JSON_CATCH(std::out_of_range&)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // check if the string was completely read
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(processed_chars != s.size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // only triggered on special platforms (like 32bit), see also
+        // https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2203
+        if (res >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()))  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(410, "array index " + s + " exceeds size_type", BasicJsonType())); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        return static_cast<size_type>(res);
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    json_pointer top() const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        json_pointer result = *this;
+        result.reference_tokens = {reference_tokens[0]};
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief create and return a reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the number of reference tokens.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number
+    @throw type_error.313 if value cannot be unflattened
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_and_create(BasicJsonType& j) const
+    {
+        auto* result = &j;
+
+        // in case no reference tokens exist, return a reference to the JSON value
+        // j which will be overwritten by a primitive value
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (result->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                {
+                    if (reference_token == "0")
+                    {
+                        // start a new array if reference token is 0
+                        result = &result->operator[](0);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // start a new object otherwise
+                        result = &result->operator[](reference_token);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // create an entry in the object
+                    result = &result->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    // create an entry in the array
+                    result = &result->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                The following code is only reached if there exists a reference
+                token _and_ the current value is primitive. In this case, we have
+                an error situation, because primitive values may only occur as
+                single value; that is, with an empty list of reference tokens.
+                */
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(313, "invalid value to unflatten", j));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @note This version does not throw if a value is not present, but tries to
+          create nested values instead. For instance, calling this function
+          with pointer `"/this/that"` on a null value is equivalent to calling
+          `operator[]("this").operator[]("that")` on that value, effectively
+          changing the null value to an object.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON value
+
+    @return reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON pointer
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            // convert null values to arrays or objects before continuing
+            if (ptr->is_null())
+            {
+                // check if reference token is a number
+                const bool nums =
+                    std::all_of(reference_token.begin(), reference_token.end(),
+                                [](const unsigned char x)
+                {
+                    return std::isdigit(x);
+                });
+
+                // change value to array for numbers or "-" or to object otherwise
+                *ptr = (nums || reference_token == "-")
+                       ? detail::value_t::array
+                       : detail::value_t::object;
+            }
+
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use unchecked object access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (reference_token == "-")
+                    {
+                        // explicitly treat "-" as index beyond the end
+                        ptr = &ptr->operator[](ptr->m_value.array->size());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // convert array index to number; unchecked access
+                        ptr = &ptr->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_checked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402,
+                                                                "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                                ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a const reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON value
+
+    @return const reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON
+    pointer
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    const BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use unchecked object access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" cannot be used for const access
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402, "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) + ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // use unchecked array access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    const BasicJsonType& get_checked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402,
+                                                                "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                                ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    */
+    bool contains(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    if (!ptr->contains(reference_token))
+                    {
+                        // we did not find the key in the object
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() == 1 && !("0" <= reference_token && reference_token <= "9")))
+                    {
+                        // invalid char
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() > 1))
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!('1' <= reference_token[0] && reference_token[0] <= '9')))
+                        {
+                            // first char should be between '1' and '9'
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reference_token.size(); i++)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!('0' <= reference_token[i] && reference_token[i] <= '9')))
+                            {
+                                // other char should be between '0' and '9'
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    const auto idx = array_index(reference_token);
+                    if (idx >= ptr->size())
+                    {
+                        // index out of range
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](idx);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    // we do not expect primitive values if there is still a
+                    // reference token to process
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // no reference token left means we found a primitive value
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief split the string input to reference tokens
+
+    @note This function is only called by the json_pointer constructor.
+          All exceptions below are documented there.
+
+    @throw parse_error.107  if the pointer is not empty or begins with '/'
+    @throw parse_error.108  if character '~' is not followed by '0' or '1'
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string& reference_string)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::string> result;
+
+        // special case: empty reference string -> no reference tokens
+        if (reference_string.empty())
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // check if nonempty reference string begins with slash
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_string[0] != '/'))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(107, 1, "JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: '" + reference_string + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // extract the reference tokens:
+        // - slash: position of the last read slash (or end of string)
+        // - start: position after the previous slash
+        for (
+            // search for the first slash after the first character
+            std::size_t slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', 1),
+            // set the beginning of the first reference token
+            start = 1;
+            // we can stop if start == 0 (if slash == std::string::npos)
+            start != 0;
+            // set the beginning of the next reference token
+            // (will eventually be 0 if slash == std::string::npos)
+            start = (slash == std::string::npos) ? 0 : slash + 1,
+            // find next slash
+            slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', start))
+        {
+            // use the text between the beginning of the reference token
+            // (start) and the last slash (slash).
+            auto reference_token = reference_string.substr(start, slash - start);
+
+            // check reference tokens are properly escaped
+            for (std::size_t pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~');
+                    pos != std::string::npos;
+                    pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~', pos + 1))
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(reference_token[pos] == '~');
+
+                // ~ must be followed by 0 or 1
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos == reference_token.size() - 1 ||
+                                         (reference_token[pos + 1] != '0' &&
+                                          reference_token[pos + 1] != '1')))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(108, 0, "escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'", BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // finally, store the reference token
+            detail::unescape(reference_token);
+            result.push_back(reference_token);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] reference_string  the reference string to the current value
+    @param[in] value             the value to consider
+    @param[in,out] result        the result object to insert values to
+
+    @note Empty objects or arrays are flattened to `null`.
+    */
+    static void flatten(const std::string& reference_string,
+                        const BasicJsonType& value,
+                        BasicJsonType& result)
+    {
+        switch (value.type())
+        {
+            case detail::value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (value.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    // flatten empty array as null
+                    result[reference_string] = nullptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // iterate array and use index as reference string
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < value.m_value.array->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        flatten(reference_string + "/" + std::to_string(i),
+                                value.m_value.array->operator[](i), result);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case detail::value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (value.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    // flatten empty object as null
+                    result[reference_string] = nullptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // iterate object and use keys as reference string
+                    for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object)
+                    {
+                        flatten(reference_string + "/" + detail::escape(element.first), element.second, result);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case detail::value_t::null:
+            case detail::value_t::string:
+            case detail::value_t::boolean:
+            case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+            case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case detail::value_t::number_float:
+            case detail::value_t::binary:
+            case detail::value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // add primitive value with its reference string
+                result[reference_string] = value;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] value  flattened JSON
+
+    @return unflattened JSON
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number
+    @throw type_error.314  if value is not an object
+    @throw type_error.315  if object values are not primitive
+    @throw type_error.313  if value cannot be unflattened
+    */
+    static BasicJsonType
+    unflatten(const BasicJsonType& value)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!value.is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(314, "only objects can be unflattened", value));
+        }
+
+        BasicJsonType result;
+
+        // iterate the JSON object values
+        for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!element.second.is_primitive()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(315, "values in object must be primitive", element.second));
+            }
+
+            // assign value to reference pointed to by JSON pointer; Note that if
+            // the JSON pointer is "" (i.e., points to the whole value), function
+            // get_and_create returns a reference to result itself. An assignment
+            // will then create a primitive value.
+            json_pointer(element.first).get_and_create(result) = element.second;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief compares two JSON pointers for equality
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @return whether @a lhs is equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+    */
+    friend bool operator==(json_pointer const& lhs,
+                           json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.reference_tokens == rhs.reference_tokens;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief compares two JSON pointers for inequality
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @return whether @a lhs is not equal @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+    */
+    friend bool operator!=(json_pointer const& lhs,
+                           json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs == rhs);
+    }
+
+    /// the reference tokens
+    std::vector<std::string> reference_tokens;
+};
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4e5dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_ref
+{
+  public:
+    using value_type = BasicJsonType;
+
+    json_ref(value_type&& value)
+        : owned_value(std::move(value))
+    {}
+
+    json_ref(const value_type& value)
+        : value_ref(&value)
+    {}
+
+    json_ref(std::initializer_list<json_ref> init)
+        : owned_value(init)
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class... Args,
+        enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<value_type, Args...>::value, int> = 0 >
+    json_ref(Args && ... args)
+        : owned_value(std::forward<Args>(args)...)
+    {}
+
+    // class should be movable only
+    json_ref(json_ref&&) noexcept = default;
+    json_ref(const json_ref&) = delete;
+    json_ref& operator=(const json_ref&) = delete;
+    json_ref& operator=(json_ref&&) = delete;
+    ~json_ref() = default;
+
+    value_type moved_or_copied() const
+    {
+        if (value_ref == nullptr)
+        {
+            return std::move(owned_value);
+        }
+        return *value_ref;
+    }
+
+    value_type const& operator*() const
+    {
+        return value_ref ? *value_ref : owned_value;
+    }
+
+    value_type const* operator->() const
+    {
+        return &** this;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    mutable value_type owned_value = nullptr;
+    value_type const* value_ref = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..400530a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp>
+
+// This file contains all internal macro definitions
+// You MUST include macro_unscope.hpp at the end of json.hpp to undef all of them
+
+// exclude unsupported compilers
+#if !defined(JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK)
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        #if (__clang_major__ * 10000 + __clang_minor__ * 100 + __clang_patchlevel__) < 30400
+            #error "unsupported Clang version - see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers"
+        #endif
+    #elif defined(__GNUC__) && !(defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER))
+        #if (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) < 40800
+            #error "unsupported GCC version - see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers"
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// C++ language standard detection
+// if the user manually specified the used c++ version this is skipped
+#if !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_20) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_11)
+    #if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L)
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX14) && _HAS_CXX14 == 1)
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #endif
+    // the cpp 11 flag is always specified because it is the minimal required version
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_11
+#endif
+
+// disable documentation warnings on clang
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic push
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation"
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation-unknown-command"
+#endif
+
+// allow to disable exceptions
+#if (defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)) && !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+    #define JSON_THROW(exception) throw exception
+    #define JSON_TRY try
+    #define JSON_CATCH(exception) catch(exception)
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH(exception) catch(exception)
+#else
+    #include <cstdlib>
+    #define JSON_THROW(exception) std::abort()
+    #define JSON_TRY if(true)
+    #define JSON_CATCH(exception) if(false)
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH(exception) if(false)
+#endif
+
+// override exception macros
+#if defined(JSON_THROW_USER)
+    #undef JSON_THROW
+    #define JSON_THROW JSON_THROW_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_TRY_USER)
+    #undef JSON_TRY
+    #define JSON_TRY JSON_TRY_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_CATCH_USER)
+    #undef JSON_CATCH
+    #define JSON_CATCH JSON_CATCH_USER
+    #undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH JSON_CATCH_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH_USER)
+    #undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH_USER
+#endif
+
+// allow to override assert
+#if !defined(JSON_ASSERT)
+    #include <cassert> // assert
+    #define JSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif
+
+// allow to access some private functions (needed by the test suite)
+#if defined(JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE)
+    #define JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED public
+#else
+    #define JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED private
+#endif
+
+/*!
+@brief macro to briefly define a mapping between an enum and JSON
+@def NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM
+@since version 3.4.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(ENUM_TYPE, ...)                                            \
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>                                                            \
+    inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const ENUM_TYPE& e)                                   \
+    {                                                                                           \
+        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
+        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
+        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
+                               [e](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool  \
+        {                                                                                       \
+            return ej_pair.first == e;                                                          \
+        });                                                                                     \
+        j = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->second;                                 \
+    }                                                                                           \
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>                                                            \
+    inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ENUM_TYPE& e)                                 \
+    {                                                                                           \
+        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
+        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
+        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
+                               [&j](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool \
+        {                                                                                       \
+            return ej_pair.second == j;                                                         \
+        });                                                                                     \
+        e = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->first;                                  \
+    }
+
+// Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They
+// may be removed in the future once the class is split.
+
+#define NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION                                \
+    template<template<typename, typename, typename...> class ObjectType,   \
+             template<typename, typename...> class ArrayType,              \
+             class StringType, class BooleanType, class NumberIntegerType, \
+             class NumberUnsignedType, class NumberFloatType,              \
+             template<typename> class AllocatorType,                       \
+             template<typename, typename = void> class JSONSerializer,     \
+             class BinaryType>
+
+#define NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL                                            \
+    basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType,             \
+    NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType,                \
+    AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType>
+
+// Macros to simplify conversion from/to types
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND( x ) x
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, _16, _17, _18, _19, _20, _21, _22, _23, _24, _25, _26, _27, _28, _29, _30, _31, _32, _33, _34, _35, _36, _37, _38, _39, _40, _41, _42, _43, _44, _45, _46, _47, _48, _49, _50, _51, _52, _53, _54, _55, _56, _57, _58, _59, _60, _61, _62, _63, _64, NAME,...) NAME
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(...) NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE64, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE1)(__VA_ARGS__))
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) func(v1)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3(func, v1, v2) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v2)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4(func, v1, v2, v3) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3(func, v2, v3)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5(func, v1, v2, v3, v4) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4(func, v2, v3, v4)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5(func, v2, v3, v4, v5)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE64(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62, v63) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62, v63)
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_TO(v1) nlohmann_json_j[#v1] = nlohmann_json_t.v1;
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM(v1) nlohmann_json_j.at(#v1).get_to(nlohmann_json_t.v1);
+
+/*!
+@brief macro
+@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \
+    friend void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \
+    friend void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }
+
+/*!
+@brief macro
+@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \
+    inline void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \
+    inline void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }
+
+#ifndef JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    #define JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS 1
+#endif
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    #define JSON_EXPLICIT
+#else
+    #define JSON_EXPLICIT explicit
+#endif
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f56e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// restore clang diagnostic settings
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+// clean up
+#undef JSON_ASSERT
+#undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+#undef JSON_CATCH
+#undef JSON_THROW
+#undef JSON_TRY
+#undef JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_11
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+#undef NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+#undef NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL
+#undef JSON_EXPLICIT
+
+#include <nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp>
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24518f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <type_traits> // conditional, enable_if, false_type, integral_constant, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, remove_cv, remove_reference, true_type
+#include <utility> // index_sequence, make_index_sequence, index_sequence_for
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+template<typename T>
+using uncvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+
+// the following utilities are natively available in C++14
+using std::enable_if_t;
+using std::index_sequence;
+using std::make_index_sequence;
+using std::index_sequence_for;
+
+#else
+
+// alias templates to reduce boilerplate
+template<bool B, typename T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+
+// The following code is taken from https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/blob/10cb35e459f5ecca5b2ff107635da0bfa41011b4/absl/utility/utility.h
+// which is part of Google Abseil (https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp), licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
+
+//// START OF CODE FROM GOOGLE ABSEIL
+
+// integer_sequence
+//
+// Class template representing a compile-time integer sequence. An instantiation
+// of `integer_sequence<T, Ints...>` has a sequence of integers encoded in its
+// type through its template arguments (which is a common need when
+// working with C++11 variadic templates). `absl::integer_sequence` is designed
+// to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's `std::integer_sequence`.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   template< class T, T... Ints >
+//   void user_function(integer_sequence<T, Ints...>);
+//
+//   int main()
+//   {
+//     // user_function's `T` will be deduced to `int` and `Ints...`
+//     // will be deduced to `0, 1, 2, 3, 4`.
+//     user_function(make_integer_sequence<int, 5>());
+//   }
+template <typename T, T... Ints>
+struct integer_sequence
+{
+    using value_type = T;
+    static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept
+    {
+        return sizeof...(Ints);
+    }
+};
+
+// index_sequence
+//
+// A helper template for an `integer_sequence` of `size_t`,
+// `absl::index_sequence` is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::index_sequence`.
+template <size_t... Ints>
+using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, Ints...>;
+
+namespace utility_internal
+{
+
+template <typename Seq, size_t SeqSize, size_t Rem>
+struct Extend;
+
+// Note that SeqSize == sizeof...(Ints). It's passed explicitly for efficiency.
+template <typename T, T... Ints, size_t SeqSize>
+struct Extend<integer_sequence<T, Ints...>, SeqSize, 0>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence < T, Ints..., (Ints + SeqSize)... >;
+};
+
+template <typename T, T... Ints, size_t SeqSize>
+struct Extend<integer_sequence<T, Ints...>, SeqSize, 1>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence < T, Ints..., (Ints + SeqSize)..., 2 * SeqSize >;
+};
+
+// Recursion helper for 'make_integer_sequence<T, N>'.
+// 'Gen<T, N>::type' is an alias for 'integer_sequence<T, 0, 1, ... N-1>'.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct Gen
+{
+    using type =
+        typename Extend < typename Gen < T, N / 2 >::type, N / 2, N % 2 >::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct Gen<T, 0>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence<T>;
+};
+
+}  // namespace utility_internal
+
+// Compile-time sequences of integers
+
+// make_integer_sequence
+//
+// This template alias is equivalent to
+// `integer_sequence<int, 0, 1, ..., N-1>`, and is designed to be a drop-in
+// replacement for C++14's `std::make_integer_sequence`.
+template <typename T, T N>
+using make_integer_sequence = typename utility_internal::Gen<T, N>::type;
+
+// make_index_sequence
+//
+// This template alias is equivalent to `index_sequence<0, 1, ..., N-1>`,
+// and is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::make_index_sequence`.
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, N>;
+
+// index_sequence_for
+//
+// Converts a typename pack into an index sequence of the same length, and
+// is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::index_sequence_for()`
+template <typename... Ts>
+using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>;
+
+//// END OF CODE FROM GOOGLE ABSEIL
+
+#endif
+
+// dispatch utility (taken from ranges-v3)
+template<unsigned N> struct priority_tag : priority_tag < N - 1 > {};
+template<> struct priority_tag<0> {};
+
+// taken from ranges-v3
+template<typename T>
+struct static_const
+{
+    static constexpr T value{};
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T static_const<T>::value;
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8480e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp>
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/experimental/is_detected
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+struct nonesuch
+{
+    nonesuch() = delete;
+    ~nonesuch() = delete;
+    nonesuch(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+    nonesuch(nonesuch const&&) = delete;
+    void operator=(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+    void operator=(nonesuch&&) = delete;
+};
+
+template<class Default,
+         class AlwaysVoid,
+         template<class...> class Op,
+         class... Args>
+struct detector
+{
+    using value_t = std::false_type;
+    using type = Default;
+};
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+struct detector<Default, void_t<Op<Args...>>, Op, Args...>
+{
+    using value_t = std::true_type;
+    using type = Op<Args...>;
+};
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected = typename detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::value_t;
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+struct is_detected_lazy : is_detected<Op, Args...> { };
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_t = typename detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::type;
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_or = detector<Default, void, Op, Args...>;
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_or_t = typename detected_or<Default, Op, Args...>::type;
+
+template<class Expected, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected_exact = std::is_same<Expected, detected_t<Op, Args...>>;
+
+template<class To, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected_convertible =
+    std::is_convertible<detected_t<Op, Args...>, To>;
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73a3e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+// dispatching helper struct
+template <class T> struct identity_tag {};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1e48a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // size_t
+#include <utility> // declval
+#include <string> // string
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename T>
+using null_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().null());
+
+template<typename T>
+using boolean_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().boolean(std::declval<bool>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Integer>
+using number_integer_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_integer(std::declval<Integer>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Unsigned>
+using number_unsigned_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_unsigned(std::declval<Unsigned>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Float, typename String>
+using number_float_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_float(
+                                    std::declval<Float>(), std::declval<const String&>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename String>
+using string_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().string(std::declval<String&>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Binary>
+using binary_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().binary(std::declval<Binary&>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using start_object_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().start_object(std::declval<std::size_t>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename String>
+using key_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().key(std::declval<String&>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using end_object_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().end_object());
+
+template<typename T>
+using start_array_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().start_array(std::declval<std::size_t>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using end_array_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().end_array());
+
+template<typename T, typename Exception>
+using parse_error_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().parse_error(
+        std::declval<std::size_t>(), std::declval<const std::string&>(),
+        std::declval<const Exception&>()));
+
+template<typename SAX, typename BasicJsonType>
+struct is_sax
+{
+  private:
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                  "BasicJsonType must be of type basic_json<...>");
+
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using exception_t = typename BasicJsonType::exception;
+
+  public:
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<bool, null_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_integer_function_t, SAX, number_integer_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_unsigned_function_t, SAX, number_unsigned_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_float_function_t, SAX, number_float_t, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, string_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, binary_function_t, SAX, binary_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, start_object_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, key_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, end_object_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, start_array_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, end_array_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, parse_error_function_t, SAX, exception_t>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename SAX, typename BasicJsonType>
+struct is_sax_static_asserts
+{
+  private:
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                  "BasicJsonType must be of type basic_json<...>");
+
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using exception_t = typename BasicJsonType::exception;
+
+  public:
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, null_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool null()");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool boolean(bool)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool boolean(bool)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_integer_function_t, SAX,
+        number_integer_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool number_integer(number_integer_t)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_unsigned_function_t, SAX,
+        number_unsigned_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, number_float_function_t, SAX,
+                  number_float_t, string_t>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool number_float(number_float_t, const string_t&)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, string_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool string(string_t&)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, binary_function_t, SAX, binary_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool binary(binary_t&)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, start_object_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool start_object(std::size_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, key_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool key(string_t&)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, end_object_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool end_object()");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, start_array_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool start_array(std::size_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, end_array_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool end_array()");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, parse_error_function_t, SAX, exception_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool parse_error(std::size_t, const "
+        "std::string&, const exception&)");
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee028b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <type_traits> // false_type, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, true_type
+#include <utility> // declval
+#include <tuple> // tuple
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+/*!
+@brief detail namespace with internal helper functions
+
+This namespace collects functions that should not be exposed,
+implementations of some @ref basic_json methods, and meta-programming helpers.
+
+@since version 2.1.0
+*/
+namespace detail
+{
+/////////////
+// helpers //
+/////////////
+
+// Note to maintainers:
+//
+// Every trait in this file expects a non CV-qualified type.
+// The only exceptions are in the 'aliases for detected' section
+// (i.e. those of the form: decltype(T::member_function(std::declval<T>())))
+//
+// In this case, T has to be properly CV-qualified to constraint the function arguments
+// (e.g. to_json(BasicJsonType&, const T&))
+
+template<typename> struct is_basic_json : std::false_type {};
+
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+struct is_basic_json<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> : std::true_type {};
+
+//////////////////////
+// json_ref helpers //
+//////////////////////
+
+template<typename>
+class json_ref;
+
+template<typename>
+struct is_json_ref : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_json_ref<json_ref<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+//////////////////////////
+// aliases for detected //
+//////////////////////////
+
+template<typename T>
+using mapped_type_t = typename T::mapped_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using key_type_t = typename T::key_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using value_type_t = typename T::value_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using difference_type_t = typename T::difference_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using pointer_t = typename T::pointer;
+
+template<typename T>
+using reference_t = typename T::reference;
+
+template<typename T>
+using iterator_category_t = typename T::iterator_category;
+
+template<typename T>
+using iterator_t = typename T::iterator;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+using to_json_function = decltype(T::to_json(std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+using from_json_function = decltype(T::from_json(std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+using get_template_function = decltype(std::declval<T>().template get<U>());
+
+// trait checking if JSONSerializer<T>::from_json(json const&, udt&) exists
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_from_json : std::false_type {};
+
+// trait checking if j.get<T> is valid
+// use this trait instead of std::is_constructible or std::is_convertible,
+// both rely on, or make use of implicit conversions, and thus fail when T
+// has several constructors/operator= (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958)
+template <typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct is_getable
+{
+    static constexpr bool value = is_detected<get_template_function, const BasicJsonType&, T>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_from_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<void, from_json_function, serializer,
+        const BasicJsonType&, T&>::value;
+};
+
+// This trait checks if JSONSerializer<T>::from_json(json const&) exists
+// this overload is used for non-default-constructible user-defined-types
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_non_default_from_json : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_non_default_from_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<T, from_json_function, serializer,
+        const BasicJsonType&>::value;
+};
+
+// This trait checks if BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::to_json exists
+// Do not evaluate the trait when T is a basic_json type, to avoid template instantiation infinite recursion.
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_to_json : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_to_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<void, to_json_function, serializer, BasicJsonType&,
+        T>::value;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////
+// is_ functions //
+///////////////////
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/conjunction
+template<class...> struct conjunction : std::true_type { };
+template<class B1> struct conjunction<B1> : B1 { };
+template<class B1, class... Bn>
+struct conjunction<B1, Bn...>
+: std::conditional<bool(B1::value), conjunction<Bn...>, B1>::type {};
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/negation
+template<class B> struct negation : std::integral_constant < bool, !B::value > { };
+
+// Reimplementation of is_constructible and is_default_constructible, due to them being broken for
+// std::pair and std::tuple until LWG 2367 fix (see https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/lwg-defects.html#2367).
+// This causes compile errors in e.g. clang 3.5 or gcc 4.9.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_default_constructible : std::is_default_constructible<T> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_default_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<T1>, is_default_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_default_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<T1>, is_default_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_default_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<Ts>...> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_default_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<Ts>...> {};
+
+
+template <typename T, typename... Args>
+struct is_constructible : std::is_constructible<T, Args...> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>> : is_default_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>> : is_default_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>> : is_default_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>> : is_default_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>> {};
+
+
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_iterator_traits : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_iterator_traits<iterator_traits<T>>
+{
+  private:
+    using traits = iterator_traits<T>;
+
+  public:
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_detected<value_type_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<difference_type_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<pointer_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<iterator_category_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<reference_t, traits>::value;
+};
+
+// The following implementation of is_complete_type is taken from
+// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2015/12/02/partial-support-for-expression-sfinae-in-vs-2015-update-1/
+// and is written by Xiang Fan who agreed to using it in this library.
+
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_complete_type : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_complete_type<T, decltype(void(sizeof(T)))> : std::true_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_object_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType>
+struct is_compatible_object_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<mapped_type_t, CompatibleObjectType>::value&&
+    is_detected<key_type_t, CompatibleObjectType>::value >>
+{
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+
+    // macOS's is_constructible does not play well with nonesuch...
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_constructible<typename object_t::key_type,
+        typename CompatibleObjectType::key_type>::value &&
+        is_constructible<typename object_t::mapped_type,
+        typename CompatibleObjectType::mapped_type>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType>
+struct is_compatible_object_type
+    : is_compatible_object_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_object_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType>
+struct is_constructible_object_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleObjectType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<mapped_type_t, ConstructibleObjectType>::value&&
+    is_detected<key_type_t, ConstructibleObjectType>::value >>
+{
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        (is_default_constructible<ConstructibleObjectType>::value &&
+         (std::is_move_assignable<ConstructibleObjectType>::value ||
+          std::is_copy_assignable<ConstructibleObjectType>::value) &&
+         (is_constructible<typename ConstructibleObjectType::key_type,
+          typename object_t::key_type>::value &&
+          std::is_same <
+          typename object_t::mapped_type,
+          typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type >::value)) ||
+        (has_from_json<BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type>::value ||
+         has_non_default_from_json <
+         BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type >::value);
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType>
+struct is_constructible_object_type
+    : is_constructible_object_type_impl<BasicJsonType,
+      ConstructibleObjectType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_string_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType>
+struct is_compatible_string_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t<is_detected_exact<typename BasicJsonType::string_t::value_type,
+    value_type_t, CompatibleStringType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t, CompatibleStringType>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_compatible_string_type
+    : is_compatible_string_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_string_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_constructible_string_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t<is_detected_exact<typename BasicJsonType::string_t::value_type,
+    value_type_t, ConstructibleStringType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<ConstructibleStringType,
+        typename BasicJsonType::string_t>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_constructible_string_type
+    : is_constructible_string_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType, typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_array_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType>
+struct is_compatible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<value_type_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+    is_detected<iterator_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+// This is needed because json_reverse_iterator has a ::iterator type...
+// Therefore it is detected as a CompatibleArrayType.
+// The real fix would be to have an Iterable concept.
+    !is_iterator_traits <
+    iterator_traits<CompatibleArrayType >>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_constructible<BasicJsonType,
+        typename CompatibleArrayType::value_type>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType>
+struct is_compatible_array_type
+    : is_compatible_array_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType, typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t<std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType,
+    typename BasicJsonType::value_type>::value >>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t < !std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType,
+    typename BasicJsonType::value_type>::value&&
+    is_default_constructible<ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+(std::is_move_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType>::value ||
+ std::is_copy_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType>::value)&&
+is_detected<value_type_t, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+is_detected<iterator_t, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+is_complete_type <
+detected_t<value_type_t, ConstructibleArrayType >>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        // This is needed because json_reverse_iterator has a ::iterator type,
+        // furthermore, std::back_insert_iterator (and other iterators) have a
+        // base class `iterator`... Therefore it is detected as a
+        // ConstructibleArrayType. The real fix would be to have an Iterable
+        // concept.
+        !is_iterator_traits<iterator_traits<ConstructibleArrayType>>::value &&
+
+        (std::is_same<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type,
+         typename BasicJsonType::array_t::value_type>::value ||
+         has_from_json<BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>::value ||
+         has_non_default_from_json <
+         BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type >::value);
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type
+    : is_constructible_array_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType> {};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type_impl <
+    RealIntegerType, CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+    enable_if_t < std::is_integral<RealIntegerType>::value&&
+    std::is_integral<CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value&&
+    !std::is_same<bool, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value >>
+{
+    // is there an assert somewhere on overflows?
+    using RealLimits = std::numeric_limits<RealIntegerType>;
+    using CompatibleLimits = std::numeric_limits<CompatibleNumberIntegerType>;
+
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<RealIntegerType,
+        CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value &&
+        CompatibleLimits::is_integer &&
+        RealLimits::is_signed == CompatibleLimits::is_signed;
+};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type
+    : is_compatible_integer_type_impl<RealIntegerType,
+      CompatibleNumberIntegerType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType, typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_type_impl: std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType>
+struct is_compatible_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleType,
+    enable_if_t<is_complete_type<CompatibleType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        has_to_json<BasicJsonType, CompatibleType>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType>
+struct is_compatible_type
+    : is_compatible_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleType> {};
+
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible_tuple : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T1, typename... Args>
+struct is_constructible_tuple<T1, std::tuple<Args...>> : conjunction<is_constructible<T1, Args>...> {};
+
+// to avoid useless casts (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2893#issuecomment-889152324)
+template < typename T, typename U, enable_if_t < !std::is_same<T, U>::value, int > = 0 >
+T conditional_static_cast(U value)
+{
+    return static_cast<T>(value);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename U, enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, U>::value, int> = 0>
+T conditional_static_cast(U value)
+{
+    return value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ee2c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename ...Ts> struct make_void
+{
+    using type = void;
+};
+template<typename ...Ts> using void_t = typename make_void<Ts...>::type;
+} // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fa0cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // reverse
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath> // isnan, isinf
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////
+// binary writer //
+///////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief serialization to CBOR and MessagePack values
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CharType>
+class binary_writer
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a binary writer
+
+    @param[in] adapter  output adapter to write to
+    */
+    explicit binary_writer(output_adapter_t<CharType> adapter) : oa(std::move(adapter))
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(oa);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       j.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    void write_bson(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                write_bson_object(*j.m_value.object);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::array:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(317, "to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    */
+    void write_cbor(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xF6));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                    ? to_char_type(0xF5)
+                                    : to_char_type(0xF4));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_integer >= 0)
+                {
+                    // CBOR does not differentiate between positive signed
+                    // integers and unsigned integers. Therefore, we used the
+                    // code from the value_t::number_unsigned case here.
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer <= 0x17)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x18));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x19));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1A));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1B));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // The conversions below encode the sign in the first
+                    // byte, and the value is converted to a positive number.
+                    const auto positive_number = -1 - j.m_value.number_integer;
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer >= -24)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x20 + positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x38));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x39));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x3A));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x3B));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x18));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x19));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                if (std::isnan(j.m_value.number_float))
+                {
+                    // NaN is 0xf97e00 in CBOR
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xF9));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7E));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+                }
+                else if (std::isinf(j.m_value.number_float))
+                {
+                    // Infinity is 0xf97c00, -Infinity is 0xf9fc00
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xf9));
+                    oa->write_character(j.m_value.number_float > 0 ? to_char_type(0x7C) : to_char_type(0xFC));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    write_compact_float(j.m_value.number_float, detail::input_format_t::cbor);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x60 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x78));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x79));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write the string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x80 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x98));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x99));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x9A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x9B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_cbor(el);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                {
+                    if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xd8));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xd9));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xda));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xdb));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // step 1: write control byte and the binary array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.binary->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x40 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x58));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x59));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x5A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x5B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                    N);
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the object size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xA0 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xB8));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xB9));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xBA));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xBB));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_cbor(el.first);
+                    write_cbor(el.second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    */
+    void write_msgpack(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null: // nil
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xC0));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean: // true and false
+            {
+                oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                    ? to_char_type(0xC3)
+                                    : to_char_type(0xC2));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_integer >= 0)
+                {
+                    // MessagePack does not differentiate between positive
+                    // signed integers and unsigned integers. Therefore, we used
+                    // the code from the value_t::number_unsigned case here.
+                    if (j.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
+                    {
+                        // positive fixnum
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 8
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 16
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 32
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 64
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCF));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer >= -32)
+                    {
+                        // negative fixnum
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 8
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD0));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 16
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD1));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 32
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD2));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 64
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD3));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
+                {
+                    // positive fixnum
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 8
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 64
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCF));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                write_compact_float(j.m_value.number_float, detail::input_format_t::msgpack);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
+                if (N <= 31)
+                {
+                    // fixstr
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xA0 | N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 8
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD9));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDA));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDB));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write the string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
+                if (N <= 15)
+                {
+                    // fixarray
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x90 | N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // array 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDC));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // array 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDD));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_msgpack(el);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                // step 0: determine if the binary type has a set subtype to
+                // determine whether or not to use the ext or fixext types
+                const bool use_ext = j.m_value.binary->has_subtype();
+
+                // step 1: write control byte and the byte string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.binary->size();
+                if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type{};
+                    bool fixed = true;
+                    if (use_ext)
+                    {
+                        switch (N)
+                        {
+                            case 1:
+                                output_type = 0xD4; // fixext 1
+                                break;
+                            case 2:
+                                output_type = 0xD5; // fixext 2
+                                break;
+                            case 4:
+                                output_type = 0xD6; // fixext 4
+                                break;
+                            case 8:
+                                output_type = 0xD7; // fixext 8
+                                break;
+                            case 16:
+                                output_type = 0xD8; // fixext 16
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                output_type = 0xC7; // ext 8
+                                fixed = false;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        output_type = 0xC4; // bin 8
+                        fixed = false;
+                    }
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    if (!fixed)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type = use_ext
+                                               ? 0xC8 // ext 16
+                                               : 0xC5; // bin 16
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type = use_ext
+                                               ? 0xC9 // ext 32
+                                               : 0xC6; // bin 32
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 1.5: if this is an ext type, write the subtype
+                if (use_ext)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write the byte string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                    N);
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the object size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
+                if (N <= 15)
+                {
+                    // fixmap
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x80 | (N & 0xF)));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // map 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDE));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // map 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDF));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_msgpack(el.first);
+                    write_msgpack(el.second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @param[in] use_count   whether to use '#' prefixes (optimized format)
+    @param[in] use_type    whether to use '$' prefixes (optimized format)
+    @param[in] add_prefix  whether prefixes need to be used for this value
+    */
+    void write_ubjson(const BasicJsonType& j, const bool use_count,
+                      const bool use_type, const bool add_prefix = true)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('Z'));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                        ? to_char_type('T')
+                                        : to_char_type('F'));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_integer, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_unsigned, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_float, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('S'));
+                }
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.string->size(), true);
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('['));
+                }
+
+                bool prefix_required = true;
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    const CharType first_prefix = ubjson_prefix(j.front());
+                    const bool same_prefix = std::all_of(j.begin() + 1, j.end(),
+                                                         [this, first_prefix](const BasicJsonType & v)
+                    {
+                        return ubjson_prefix(v) == first_prefix;
+                    });
+
+                    if (same_prefix)
+                    {
+                        prefix_required = false;
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                        oa->write_character(first_prefix);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.array->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_ubjson(el, use_count, use_type, prefix_required);
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(']'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('['));
+                }
+
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.binary->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                    oa->write_character('U');
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.binary->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                if (use_type)
+                {
+                    oa->write_characters(
+                        reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                        j.m_value.binary->size());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < j.m_value.binary->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));
+                        oa->write_character(j.m_value.binary->data()[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(']'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('{'));
+                }
+
+                bool prefix_required = true;
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    const CharType first_prefix = ubjson_prefix(j.front());
+                    const bool same_prefix = std::all_of(j.begin(), j.end(),
+                                                         [this, first_prefix](const BasicJsonType & v)
+                    {
+                        return ubjson_prefix(v) == first_prefix;
+                    });
+
+                    if (same_prefix)
+                    {
+                        prefix_required = false;
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                        oa->write_character(first_prefix);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.object->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(el.first.size(), true);
+                    oa->write_characters(
+                        reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(el.first.c_str()),
+                        el.first.size());
+                    write_ubjson(el.second, use_count, use_type, prefix_required);
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('}'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    //////////
+    // BSON //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of a BSON document entry header, including the id marker
+            and the entry name size (and its null-terminator).
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_entry_header_size(const string_t& name, const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        const auto it = name.find(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0));
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(it != BasicJsonType::string_t::npos))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(409, "BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte " + std::to_string(it) + ")", j));
+            static_cast<void>(j);
+        }
+
+        return /*id*/ 1ul + name.size() + /*zero-terminator*/1u;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes the given @a element_type and @a name to the output adapter
+    */
+    void write_bson_entry_header(const string_t& name,
+                                 const std::uint8_t element_type)
+    {
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(element_type)); // boolean
+        oa->write_characters(
+            reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(name.c_str()),
+            name.size() + 1u);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and boolean value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_boolean(const string_t& name,
+                            const bool value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x08);
+        oa->write_character(value ? to_char_type(0x01) : to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and double value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_double(const string_t& name,
+                           const double value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x01);
+        write_number<double, true>(value);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded string in @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_string_size(const string_t& value)
+    {
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + value.size() + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and string value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_string(const string_t& name,
+                           const string_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x02);
+
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value.size() + 1ul));
+        oa->write_characters(
+            reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(value.c_str()),
+            value.size() + 1);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and null value
+    */
+    void write_bson_null(const string_t& name)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x0A);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded integer @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_integer_size(const std::int64_t value)
+    {
+        return (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= value && value <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()
+               ? sizeof(std::int32_t)
+               : sizeof(std::int64_t);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and integer @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_integer(const string_t& name,
+                            const std::int64_t value)
+    {
+        if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= value && value <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x10); // int32
+            write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x12); // int64
+            write_number<std::int64_t, true>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded unsigned integer in @a j
+    */
+    static constexpr std::size_t calc_bson_unsigned_size(const std::uint64_t value) noexcept
+    {
+        return (value <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+               ? sizeof(std::int32_t)
+               : sizeof(std::int64_t);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and unsigned @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_unsigned(const string_t& name,
+                             const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x10 /* int32 */);
+            write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+        }
+        else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x12 /* int64 */);
+            write_number<std::int64_t, true>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(407, "integer number " + std::to_string(j.m_value.number_unsigned) + " cannot be represented by BSON as it does not fit int64", j));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and object @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_object_entry(const string_t& name,
+                                 const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x03); // object
+        write_bson_object(value);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded array @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_array_size(const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& value)
+    {
+        std::size_t array_index = 0ul;
+
+        const std::size_t embedded_document_size = std::accumulate(std::begin(value), std::end(value), std::size_t(0), [&array_index](std::size_t result, const typename BasicJsonType::array_t::value_type & el)
+        {
+            return result + calc_bson_element_size(std::to_string(array_index++), el);
+        });
+
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + embedded_document_size + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded binary array @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_binary_size(const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& value)
+    {
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + value.size() + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and array @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_array(const string_t& name,
+                          const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x04); // array
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(calc_bson_array_size(value)));
+
+        std::size_t array_index = 0ul;
+
+        for (const auto& el : value)
+        {
+            write_bson_element(std::to_string(array_index++), el);
+        }
+
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and binary value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_binary(const string_t& name,
+                           const binary_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x05);
+
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value.size()));
+        write_number(value.has_subtype() ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value.subtype()) : std::uint8_t(0x00));
+
+        oa->write_characters(reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(value.data()), value.size());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Calculates the size necessary to serialize the JSON value @a j with its @a name
+    @return The calculated size for the BSON document entry for @a j with the given @a name.
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_element_size(const string_t& name,
+            const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        const auto header_size = calc_bson_entry_header_size(name, j);
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_object_size(*j.m_value.object);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_array_size(*j.m_value.array);
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_binary_size(*j.m_value.binary);
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return header_size + 1ul;
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return header_size + 8ul;
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_integer_size(j.m_value.number_integer);
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_unsigned_size(j.m_value.number_unsigned);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_string_size(*j.m_value.string);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                return header_size + 0ul;
+
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert)
+                return 0ul;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the JSON value @a j to BSON and associates it with the
+           key @a name.
+    @param name The name to associate with the JSON entity @a j within the
+                current BSON document
+    */
+    void write_bson_element(const string_t& name,
+                            const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return write_bson_object_entry(name, *j.m_value.object);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return write_bson_array(name, *j.m_value.array);
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return write_bson_binary(name, *j.m_value.binary);
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return write_bson_boolean(name, j.m_value.boolean);
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return write_bson_double(name, j.m_value.number_float);
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                return write_bson_integer(name, j.m_value.number_integer);
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                return write_bson_unsigned(name, j);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return write_bson_string(name, *j.m_value.string);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                return write_bson_null(name);
+
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert)
+                return;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Calculates the size of the BSON serialization of the given
+           JSON-object @a j.
+    @param[in] value  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       value.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_object_size(const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        std::size_t document_size = std::accumulate(value.begin(), value.end(), std::size_t(0),
+                                    [](size_t result, const typename BasicJsonType::object_t::value_type & el)
+        {
+            return result += calc_bson_element_size(el.first, el.second);
+        });
+
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + document_size + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] value  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       value.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    void write_bson_object(const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(calc_bson_object_size(value)));
+
+        for (const auto& el : value)
+        {
+            write_bson_element(el.first, el.second);
+        }
+
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    //////////
+    // CBOR //
+    //////////
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_cbor_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xFA);  // Single-Precision Float
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_cbor_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xFB);  // Double-Precision Float
+    }
+
+    /////////////
+    // MsgPack //
+    /////////////
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_msgpack_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xCA);  // float 32
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_msgpack_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xCB);  // float 64
+    }
+
+    ////////////
+    // UBJSON //
+    ////////////
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (floating point)
+    template<typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_floating_point<NumberType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if (add_prefix)
+        {
+            oa->write_character(get_ubjson_float_prefix(n));
+        }
+        write_number(n);
+    }
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (unsigned integer)
+    template<typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_unsigned<NumberType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('i'));  // int8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));  // uint8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('I'));  // int16
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('l'));  // int32
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('L'));  // int64
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(n));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('H'));  // high-precision number
+            }
+
+            const auto number = BasicJsonType(n).dump();
+            write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(number.size(), true);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < number.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(number[i])));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (signed integer)
+    template < typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_signed<NumberType>::value&&
+                   !std::is_floating_point<NumberType>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('i'));  // int8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (static_cast<std::int64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::min)()) <= n && n <= static_cast<std::int64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));  // uint8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('I'));  // int16
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('l'));  // int32
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('L'));  // int64
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(n));
+        }
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        else
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('H'));  // high-precision number
+            }
+
+            const auto number = BasicJsonType(n).dump();
+            write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(number.size(), true);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < number.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(number[i])));
+            }
+        }
+        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief determine the type prefix of container values
+    */
+    CharType ubjson_prefix(const BasicJsonType& j) const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+                return 'Z';
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return j.m_value.boolean ? 'T' : 'F';
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'i';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'U';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'I';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'l';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'L';
+                }
+                // anything else is treated as high-precision number
+                return 'H'; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'i';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'U';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'I';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'l';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'L';
+                }
+                // anything else is treated as high-precision number
+                return 'H'; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return get_ubjson_float_prefix(j.m_value.number_float);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return 'S';
+
+            case value_t::array: // fallthrough
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return '[';
+
+            case value_t::object:
+                return '{';
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:  // discarded values
+                return 'N';
+        }
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_ubjson_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return 'd';  // float 32
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_ubjson_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return 'D';  // float 64
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////
+    // Utility functions //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /*
+    @brief write a number to output input
+    @param[in] n number of type @a NumberType
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @tparam OutputIsLittleEndian Set to true if output data is
+                                 required to be little endian
+
+    @note This function needs to respect the system's endianess, because bytes
+          in CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON are stored in network order (big
+          endian) and therefore need reordering on little endian systems.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType, bool OutputIsLittleEndian = false>
+    void write_number(const NumberType n)
+    {
+        // step 1: write number to array of length NumberType
+        std::array<CharType, sizeof(NumberType)> vec{};
+        std::memcpy(vec.data(), &n, sizeof(NumberType));
+
+        // step 2: write array to output (with possible reordering)
+        if (is_little_endian != OutputIsLittleEndian)
+        {
+            // reverse byte order prior to conversion if necessary
+            std::reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
+        }
+
+        oa->write_characters(vec.data(), sizeof(NumberType));
+    }
+
+    void write_compact_float(const number_float_t n, detail::input_format_t format)
+    {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        if (static_cast<double>(n) >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest()) &&
+                static_cast<double>(n) <= static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()) &&
+                static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(n)) == static_cast<double>(n))
+        {
+            oa->write_character(format == detail::input_format_t::cbor
+                                ? get_cbor_float_prefix(static_cast<float>(n))
+                                : get_msgpack_float_prefix(static_cast<float>(n)));
+            write_number(static_cast<float>(n));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            oa->write_character(format == detail::input_format_t::cbor
+                                ? get_cbor_float_prefix(n)
+                                : get_msgpack_float_prefix(n));
+            write_number(n);
+        }
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+  public:
+    // The following to_char_type functions are implement the conversion
+    // between uint8_t and CharType. In case CharType is not unsigned,
+    // such a conversion is required to allow values greater than 128.
+    // See <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1286> for a discussion.
+    template < typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t < std::is_signed<C>::value && std::is_signed<char>::value > * = nullptr >
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        return *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+    }
+
+    template < typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t < std::is_signed<C>::value && std::is_unsigned<char>::value > * = nullptr >
+    static CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        static_assert(sizeof(std::uint8_t) == sizeof(CharType), "size of CharType must be equal to std::uint8_t");
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial<CharType>::value, "CharType must be trivial");
+        CharType result;
+        std::memcpy(&result, &x, sizeof(x));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    template<typename C = CharType,
+             enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<C>::value>* = nullptr>
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    template < typename InputCharType, typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t <
+                   std::is_signed<C>::value &&
+                   std::is_signed<char>::value &&
+                   std::is_same<char, typename std::remove_cv<InputCharType>::type>::value
+                   > * = nullptr >
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(InputCharType x) noexcept
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// whether we can assume little endianess
+    const bool is_little_endian = little_endianess();
+
+    /// the output
+    output_adapter_t<CharType> oa = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f24626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // copy
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <iterator> // back_inserter
+#include <memory> // shared_ptr, make_shared
+#include <string> // basic_string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <ios>      // streamsize
+    #include <ostream>  // basic_ostream
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// abstract output adapter interface
+template<typename CharType> struct output_adapter_protocol
+{
+    virtual void write_character(CharType c) = 0;
+    virtual void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) = 0;
+    virtual ~output_adapter_protocol() = default;
+
+    output_adapter_protocol() = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol(const output_adapter_protocol&) = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol(output_adapter_protocol&&) noexcept = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol& operator=(const output_adapter_protocol&) = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol& operator=(output_adapter_protocol&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+/// a type to simplify interfaces
+template<typename CharType>
+using output_adapter_t = std::shared_ptr<output_adapter_protocol<CharType>>;
+
+/// output adapter for byte vectors
+template<typename CharType>
+class output_vector_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_vector_adapter(std::vector<CharType>& vec) noexcept
+        : v(vec)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        v.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        std::copy(s, s + length, std::back_inserter(v));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<CharType>& v;
+};
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+/// output adapter for output streams
+template<typename CharType>
+class output_stream_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_stream_adapter(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& s) noexcept
+        : stream(s)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        stream.put(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        stream.write(s, static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::basic_ostream<CharType>& stream;
+};
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+/// output adapter for basic_string
+template<typename CharType, typename StringType = std::basic_string<CharType>>
+class output_string_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_string_adapter(StringType& s) noexcept
+        : str(s)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        str.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        str.append(s, length);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    StringType& str;
+};
+
+template<typename CharType, typename StringType = std::basic_string<CharType>>
+class output_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    output_adapter(std::vector<CharType>& vec)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_vector_adapter<CharType>>(vec)) {}
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    output_adapter(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& s)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_stream_adapter<CharType>>(s)) {}
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+    output_adapter(StringType& s)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_string_adapter<CharType, StringType>>(s)) {}
+
+    operator output_adapter_t<CharType>()
+    {
+        return oa;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    output_adapter_t<CharType> oa = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f5347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // reverse, remove, fill, find, none_of
+#include <array> // array
+#include <clocale> // localeconv, lconv
+#include <cmath> // labs, isfinite, isnan, signbit
+#include <cstddef> // size_t, ptrdiff_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // string, char_traits
+#include <type_traits> // is_same
+#include <utility> // move
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////
+// serialization //
+///////////////////
+
+/// how to treat decoding errors
+enum class error_handler_t
+{
+    strict,  ///< throw a type_error exception in case of invalid UTF-8
+    replace, ///< replace invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD
+    ignore   ///< ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class serializer
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using binary_char_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t::value_type;
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t UTF8_ACCEPT = 0;
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t UTF8_REJECT = 1;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] s  output stream to serialize to
+    @param[in] ichar  indentation character to use
+    @param[in] error_handler_  how to react on decoding errors
+    */
+    serializer(output_adapter_t<char> s, const char ichar,
+               error_handler_t error_handler_ = error_handler_t::strict)
+        : o(std::move(s))
+        , loc(std::localeconv())
+        , thousands_sep(loc->thousands_sep == nullptr ? '\0' : std::char_traits<char>::to_char_type(* (loc->thousands_sep)))
+        , decimal_point(loc->decimal_point == nullptr ? '\0' : std::char_traits<char>::to_char_type(* (loc->decimal_point)))
+        , indent_char(ichar)
+        , indent_string(512, indent_char)
+        , error_handler(error_handler_)
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    serializer(const serializer&) = delete;
+    serializer& operator=(const serializer&) = delete;
+    serializer(serializer&&) = delete;
+    serializer& operator=(serializer&&) = delete;
+    ~serializer() = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief internal implementation of the serialization function
+
+    This function is called by the public member function dump and organizes
+    the serialization internally. The indentation level is propagated as
+    additional parameter. In case of arrays and objects, the function is
+    called recursively.
+
+    - strings and object keys are escaped using `escape_string()`
+    - integer numbers are converted implicitly via `operator<<`
+    - floating-point numbers are converted to a string using `"%g"` format
+    - binary values are serialized as objects containing the subtype and the
+      byte array
+
+    @param[in] val               value to serialize
+    @param[in] pretty_print      whether the output shall be pretty-printed
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii If @a ensure_ascii is true, all non-ASCII characters
+    in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the result consists
+    of ASCII characters only.
+    @param[in] indent_step       the indent level
+    @param[in] current_indent    the current indent level (only used internally)
+    */
+    void dump(const BasicJsonType& val,
+              const bool pretty_print,
+              const bool ensure_ascii,
+              const unsigned int indent_step,
+              const unsigned int current_indent = 0)
+    {
+        switch (val.m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{}", 2);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    auto i = val.m_value.object->cbegin();
+                    for (std::size_t cnt = 0; cnt < val.m_value.object->size() - 1; ++cnt, ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                        o->write_character('\"');
+                        dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                        o->write_characters("\": ", 3);
+                        dump(i->second, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+                        o->write_characters(",\n", 2);
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(i != val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    JSON_ASSERT(std::next(i) == val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                    o->write_character('\"');
+                    dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                    o->write_characters("\": ", 3);
+                    dump(i->second, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_character('{');
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    auto i = val.m_value.object->cbegin();
+                    for (std::size_t cnt = 0; cnt < val.m_value.object->size() - 1; ++cnt, ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_character('\"');
+                        dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                        o->write_characters("\":", 2);
+                        dump(i->second, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+                        o->write_character(',');
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(i != val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    JSON_ASSERT(std::next(i) == val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    o->write_character('\"');
+                    dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                    o->write_characters("\":", 2);
+                    dump(i->second, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("[]", 2);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("[\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    for (auto i = val.m_value.array->cbegin();
+                            i != val.m_value.array->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                        dump(*i, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+                        o->write_characters(",\n", 2);
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!val.m_value.array->empty());
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                    dump(val.m_value.array->back(), true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character(']');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_character('[');
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    for (auto i = val.m_value.array->cbegin();
+                            i != val.m_value.array->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        dump(*i, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+                        o->write_character(',');
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!val.m_value.array->empty());
+                    dump(val.m_value.array->back(), false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character(']');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                o->write_character('\"');
+                dump_escaped(*val.m_value.string, ensure_ascii);
+                o->write_character('\"');
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_characters("\"bytes\": [", 10);
+
+                    if (!val.m_value.binary->empty())
+                    {
+                        for (auto i = val.m_value.binary->cbegin();
+                                i != val.m_value.binary->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                        {
+                            dump_integer(*i);
+                            o->write_characters(", ", 2);
+                        }
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->back());
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters("],\n", 3);
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_characters("\"subtype\": ", 11);
+                    if (val.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                    {
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->subtype());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("null", 4);
+                    }
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\"bytes\":[", 10);
+
+                    if (!val.m_value.binary->empty())
+                    {
+                        for (auto i = val.m_value.binary->cbegin();
+                                i != val.m_value.binary->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                        {
+                            dump_integer(*i);
+                            o->write_character(',');
+                        }
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->back());
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters("],\"subtype\":", 12);
+                    if (val.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                    {
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->subtype());
+                        o->write_character('}');
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("null}", 5);
+                    }
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.boolean)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("true", 4);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("false", 5);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                dump_integer(val.m_value.number_integer);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                dump_integer(val.m_value.number_unsigned);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                dump_float(val.m_value.number_float);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            {
+                o->write_characters("<discarded>", 11);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                o->write_characters("null", 4);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief dump escaped string
+
+    Escape a string by replacing certain special characters by a sequence of an
+    escape character (backslash) and another character and other control
+    characters by a sequence of "\u" followed by a four-digit hex
+    representation. The escaped string is written to output stream @a o.
+
+    @param[in] s  the string to escape
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii  whether to escape non-ASCII characters with
+                             \uXXXX sequences
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of string @a s.
+    */
+    void dump_escaped(const string_t& s, const bool ensure_ascii)
+    {
+        std::uint32_t codepoint{};
+        std::uint8_t state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
+        std::size_t bytes = 0;  // number of bytes written to string_buffer
+
+        // number of bytes written at the point of the last valid byte
+        std::size_t bytes_after_last_accept = 0;
+        std::size_t undumped_chars = 0;
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            const auto byte = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(s[i]);
+
+            switch (decode(state, codepoint, byte))
+            {
+                case UTF8_ACCEPT:  // decode found a new code point
+                {
+                    switch (codepoint)
+                    {
+                        case 0x08: // backspace
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'b';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x09: // horizontal tab
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 't';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0A: // newline
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'n';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0C: // formfeed
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0D: // carriage return
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'r';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x22: // quotation mark
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\"';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x5C: // reverse solidus
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            // escape control characters (0x00..0x1F) or, if
+                            // ensure_ascii parameter is used, non-ASCII characters
+                            if ((codepoint <= 0x1F) || (ensure_ascii && (codepoint >= 0x7F)))
+                            {
+                                if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF)
+                                {
+                                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                                    (std::snprintf)(string_buffer.data() + bytes, 7, "\\u%04x",
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(codepoint));
+                                    bytes += 6;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                                    (std::snprintf)(string_buffer.data() + bytes, 13, "\\u%04x\\u%04x",
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(0xD7C0u + (codepoint >> 10u)),
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(0xDC00u + (codepoint & 0x3FFu)));
+                                    bytes += 12;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // copy byte to buffer (all previous bytes
+                                // been copied have in default case above)
+                                string_buffer[bytes++] = s[i];
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // write buffer and reset index; there must be 13 bytes
+                    // left, as this is the maximal number of bytes to be
+                    // written ("\uxxxx\uxxxx\0") for one code point
+                    if (string_buffer.size() - bytes < 13)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+                        bytes = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    // remember the byte position of this accept
+                    bytes_after_last_accept = bytes;
+                    undumped_chars = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case UTF8_REJECT:  // decode found invalid UTF-8 byte
+                {
+                    switch (error_handler)
+                    {
+                        case error_handler_t::strict:
+                        {
+                            std::string sn(9, '\0');
+                            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                            (std::snprintf)(&sn[0], sn.size(), "%.2X", byte);
+                            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(316, "invalid UTF-8 byte at index " + std::to_string(i) + ": 0x" + sn, BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        case error_handler_t::ignore:
+                        case error_handler_t::replace:
+                        {
+                            // in case we saw this character the first time, we
+                            // would like to read it again, because the byte
+                            // may be OK for itself, but just not OK for the
+                            // previous sequence
+                            if (undumped_chars > 0)
+                            {
+                                --i;
+                            }
+
+                            // reset length buffer to the last accepted index;
+                            // thus removing/ignoring the invalid characters
+                            bytes = bytes_after_last_accept;
+
+                            if (error_handler == error_handler_t::replace)
+                            {
+                                // add a replacement character
+                                if (ensure_ascii)
+                                {
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'u';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'd';
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xEF');
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xBF');
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xBD');
+                                }
+
+                                // write buffer and reset index; there must be 13 bytes
+                                // left, as this is the maximal number of bytes to be
+                                // written ("\uxxxx\uxxxx\0") for one code point
+                                if (string_buffer.size() - bytes < 13)
+                                {
+                                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+                                    bytes = 0;
+                                }
+
+                                bytes_after_last_accept = bytes;
+                            }
+
+                            undumped_chars = 0;
+
+                            // continue processing the string
+                            state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                            JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:  // decode found yet incomplete multi-byte code point
+                {
+                    if (!ensure_ascii)
+                    {
+                        // code point will not be escaped - copy byte to buffer
+                        string_buffer[bytes++] = s[i];
+                    }
+                    ++undumped_chars;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // we finished processing the string
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(state == UTF8_ACCEPT))
+        {
+            // write buffer
+            if (bytes > 0)
+            {
+                o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // we finish reading, but do not accept: string was incomplete
+            switch (error_handler)
+            {
+                case error_handler_t::strict:
+                {
+                    std::string sn(9, '\0');
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                    (std::snprintf)(&sn[0], sn.size(), "%.2X", static_cast<std::uint8_t>(s.back()));
+                    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(316, "incomplete UTF-8 string; last byte: 0x" + sn, BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                case error_handler_t::ignore:
+                {
+                    // write all accepted bytes
+                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes_after_last_accept);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case error_handler_t::replace:
+                {
+                    // write all accepted bytes
+                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes_after_last_accept);
+                    // add a replacement character
+                    if (ensure_ascii)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("\\ufffd", 6);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("\xEF\xBF\xBD", 3);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief count digits
+
+    Count the number of decimal (base 10) digits for an input unsigned integer.
+
+    @param[in] x  unsigned integer number to count its digits
+    @return    number of decimal digits
+    */
+    inline unsigned int count_digits(number_unsigned_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        unsigned int n_digits = 1;
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (x < 10)
+            {
+                return n_digits;
+            }
+            if (x < 100)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 1;
+            }
+            if (x < 1000)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 2;
+            }
+            if (x < 10000)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 3;
+            }
+            x = x / 10000u;
+            n_digits += 4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dump an integer
+
+    Dump a given integer to output stream @a o. Works internally with
+    @a number_buffer.
+
+    @param[in] x  integer number (signed or unsigned) to dump
+    @tparam NumberType either @a number_integer_t or @a number_unsigned_t
+    */
+    template < typename NumberType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   std::is_integral<NumberType>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, number_unsigned_t>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, number_integer_t>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, binary_char_t>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    void dump_integer(NumberType x)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<std::array<char, 2>, 100> digits_to_99
+        {
+            {
+                {{'0', '0'}}, {{'0', '1'}}, {{'0', '2'}}, {{'0', '3'}}, {{'0', '4'}}, {{'0', '5'}}, {{'0', '6'}}, {{'0', '7'}}, {{'0', '8'}}, {{'0', '9'}},
+                {{'1', '0'}}, {{'1', '1'}}, {{'1', '2'}}, {{'1', '3'}}, {{'1', '4'}}, {{'1', '5'}}, {{'1', '6'}}, {{'1', '7'}}, {{'1', '8'}}, {{'1', '9'}},
+                {{'2', '0'}}, {{'2', '1'}}, {{'2', '2'}}, {{'2', '3'}}, {{'2', '4'}}, {{'2', '5'}}, {{'2', '6'}}, {{'2', '7'}}, {{'2', '8'}}, {{'2', '9'}},
+                {{'3', '0'}}, {{'3', '1'}}, {{'3', '2'}}, {{'3', '3'}}, {{'3', '4'}}, {{'3', '5'}}, {{'3', '6'}}, {{'3', '7'}}, {{'3', '8'}}, {{'3', '9'}},
+                {{'4', '0'}}, {{'4', '1'}}, {{'4', '2'}}, {{'4', '3'}}, {{'4', '4'}}, {{'4', '5'}}, {{'4', '6'}}, {{'4', '7'}}, {{'4', '8'}}, {{'4', '9'}},
+                {{'5', '0'}}, {{'5', '1'}}, {{'5', '2'}}, {{'5', '3'}}, {{'5', '4'}}, {{'5', '5'}}, {{'5', '6'}}, {{'5', '7'}}, {{'5', '8'}}, {{'5', '9'}},
+                {{'6', '0'}}, {{'6', '1'}}, {{'6', '2'}}, {{'6', '3'}}, {{'6', '4'}}, {{'6', '5'}}, {{'6', '6'}}, {{'6', '7'}}, {{'6', '8'}}, {{'6', '9'}},
+                {{'7', '0'}}, {{'7', '1'}}, {{'7', '2'}}, {{'7', '3'}}, {{'7', '4'}}, {{'7', '5'}}, {{'7', '6'}}, {{'7', '7'}}, {{'7', '8'}}, {{'7', '9'}},
+                {{'8', '0'}}, {{'8', '1'}}, {{'8', '2'}}, {{'8', '3'}}, {{'8', '4'}}, {{'8', '5'}}, {{'8', '6'}}, {{'8', '7'}}, {{'8', '8'}}, {{'8', '9'}},
+                {{'9', '0'}}, {{'9', '1'}}, {{'9', '2'}}, {{'9', '3'}}, {{'9', '4'}}, {{'9', '5'}}, {{'9', '6'}}, {{'9', '7'}}, {{'9', '8'}}, {{'9', '9'}},
+            }
+        };
+
+        // special case for "0"
+        if (x == 0)
+        {
+            o->write_character('0');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // use a pointer to fill the buffer
+        auto buffer_ptr = number_buffer.begin(); // NOLINT(llvm-qualified-auto,readability-qualified-auto,cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+
+        const bool is_negative = std::is_signed<NumberType>::value && !(x >= 0); // see issue #755
+        number_unsigned_t abs_value;
+
+        unsigned int n_chars{};
+
+        if (is_negative)
+        {
+            *buffer_ptr = '-';
+            abs_value = remove_sign(static_cast<number_integer_t>(x));
+
+            // account one more byte for the minus sign
+            n_chars = 1 + count_digits(abs_value);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            abs_value = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(x);
+            n_chars = count_digits(abs_value);
+        }
+
+        // spare 1 byte for '\0'
+        JSON_ASSERT(n_chars < number_buffer.size() - 1);
+
+        // jump to the end to generate the string from backward
+        // so we later avoid reversing the result
+        buffer_ptr += n_chars;
+
+        // Fast int2ascii implementation inspired by "Fastware" talk by Andrei Alexandrescu
+        // See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4-CwDo2zpg
+        while (abs_value >= 100)
+        {
+            const auto digits_index = static_cast<unsigned>((abs_value % 100));
+            abs_value /= 100;
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][1];
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][0];
+        }
+
+        if (abs_value >= 10)
+        {
+            const auto digits_index = static_cast<unsigned>(abs_value);
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][1];
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = static_cast<char>('0' + abs_value);
+        }
+
+        o->write_characters(number_buffer.data(), n_chars);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dump a floating-point number
+
+    Dump a given floating-point number to output stream @a o. Works internally
+    with @a number_buffer.
+
+    @param[in] x  floating-point number to dump
+    */
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x)
+    {
+        // NaN / inf
+        if (!std::isfinite(x))
+        {
+            o->write_characters("null", 4);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If number_float_t is an IEEE-754 single or double precision number,
+        // use the Grisu2 algorithm to produce short numbers which are
+        // guaranteed to round-trip, using strtof and strtod, resp.
+        //
+        // NB: The test below works if <long double> == <double>.
+        static constexpr bool is_ieee_single_or_double
+            = (std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::is_iec559 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits == 24 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_exponent == 128) ||
+              (std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::is_iec559 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits == 53 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_exponent == 1024);
+
+        dump_float(x, std::integral_constant<bool, is_ieee_single_or_double>());
+    }
+
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x, std::true_type /*is_ieee_single_or_double*/)
+    {
+        auto* begin = number_buffer.data();
+        auto* end = ::nlohmann::detail::to_chars(begin, begin + number_buffer.size(), x);
+
+        o->write_characters(begin, static_cast<size_t>(end - begin));
+    }
+
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x, std::false_type /*is_ieee_single_or_double*/)
+    {
+        // get number of digits for a float -> text -> float round-trip
+        static constexpr auto d = std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_digits10;
+
+        // the actual conversion
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        std::ptrdiff_t len = (std::snprintf)(number_buffer.data(), number_buffer.size(), "%.*g", d, x);
+
+        // negative value indicates an error
+        JSON_ASSERT(len > 0);
+        // check if buffer was large enough
+        JSON_ASSERT(static_cast<std::size_t>(len) < number_buffer.size());
+
+        // erase thousands separator
+        if (thousands_sep != '\0')
+        {
+            auto* const end = std::remove(number_buffer.begin(),
+                                          number_buffer.begin() + len, thousands_sep);
+            std::fill(end, number_buffer.end(), '\0');
+            JSON_ASSERT((end - number_buffer.begin()) <= len);
+            len = (end - number_buffer.begin());
+        }
+
+        // convert decimal point to '.'
+        if (decimal_point != '\0' && decimal_point != '.')
+        {
+            auto* const dec_pos = std::find(number_buffer.begin(), number_buffer.end(), decimal_point);
+            if (dec_pos != number_buffer.end())
+            {
+                *dec_pos = '.';
+            }
+        }
+
+        o->write_characters(number_buffer.data(), static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+
+        // determine if need to append ".0"
+        const bool value_is_int_like =
+            std::none_of(number_buffer.begin(), number_buffer.begin() + len + 1,
+                         [](char c)
+        {
+            return c == '.' || c == 'e';
+        });
+
+        if (value_is_int_like)
+        {
+            o->write_characters(".0", 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check whether a string is UTF-8 encoded
+
+    The function checks each byte of a string whether it is UTF-8 encoded. The
+    result of the check is stored in the @a state parameter. The function must
+    be called initially with state 0 (accept). State 1 means the string must
+    be rejected, because the current byte is not allowed. If the string is
+    completely processed, but the state is non-zero, the string ended
+    prematurely; that is, the last byte indicated more bytes should have
+    followed.
+
+    @param[in,out] state  the state of the decoding
+    @param[in,out] codep  codepoint (valid only if resulting state is UTF8_ACCEPT)
+    @param[in] byte       next byte to decode
+    @return               new state
+
+    @note The function has been edited: a std::array is used.
+
+    @copyright Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Bjoern Hoehrmann <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
+    @sa http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+    */
+    static std::uint8_t decode(std::uint8_t& state, std::uint32_t& codep, const std::uint8_t byte) noexcept
+    {
+        static const std::array<std::uint8_t, 400> utf8d =
+        {
+            {
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 00..1F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 20..3F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 40..5F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 60..7F
+                1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, // 80..9F
+                7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, // A0..BF
+                8, 8, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, // C0..DF
+                0xA, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x4, 0x3, 0x3, // E0..EF
+                0xB, 0x6, 0x6, 0x6, 0x5, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, // F0..FF
+                0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x5, 0x8, 0x7, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x4, 0x6, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, // s0..s0
+                1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s1..s2
+                1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s3..s4
+                1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s5..s6
+                1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 // s7..s8
+            }
+        };
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(byte < utf8d.size());
+        const std::uint8_t type = utf8d[byte];
+
+        codep = (state != UTF8_ACCEPT)
+                ? (byte & 0x3fu) | (codep << 6u)
+                : (0xFFu >> type) & (byte);
+
+        std::size_t index = 256u + static_cast<size_t>(state) * 16u + static_cast<size_t>(type);
+        JSON_ASSERT(index < 400);
+        state = utf8d[index];
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Overload to make the compiler happy while it is instantiating
+     * dump_integer for number_unsigned_t.
+     * Must never be called.
+     */
+    number_unsigned_t remove_sign(number_unsigned_t x)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        return x; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Helper function for dump_integer
+     *
+     * This function takes a negative signed integer and returns its absolute
+     * value as unsigned integer. The plus/minus shuffling is necessary as we can
+     * not directly remove the sign of an arbitrary signed integer as the
+     * absolute values of INT_MIN and INT_MAX are usually not the same. See
+     * #1708 for details.
+     */
+    inline number_unsigned_t remove_sign(number_integer_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x < 0 && x < (std::numeric_limits<number_integer_t>::max)()); // NOLINT(misc-redundant-expression)
+        return static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(-(x + 1)) + 1;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the output of the serializer
+    output_adapter_t<char> o = nullptr;
+
+    /// a (hopefully) large enough character buffer
+    std::array<char, 64> number_buffer{{}};
+
+    /// the locale
+    const std::lconv* loc = nullptr;
+    /// the locale's thousand separator character
+    const char thousands_sep = '\0';
+    /// the locale's decimal point character
+    const char decimal_point = '\0';
+
+    /// string buffer
+    std::array<char, 512> string_buffer{{}};
+
+    /// the indentation character
+    const char indent_char;
+    /// the indentation string
+    string_t indent_string;
+
+    /// error_handler how to react on decoding errors
+    const error_handler_t error_handler;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84f7da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief replace all occurrences of a substring by another string
+
+@param[in,out] s  the string to manipulate; changed so that all
+               occurrences of @a f are replaced with @a t
+@param[in]     f  the substring to replace with @a t
+@param[in]     t  the string to replace @a f
+
+@pre The search string @a f must not be empty. **This precondition is
+enforced with an assertion.**
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+inline void replace_substring(std::string& s, const std::string& f,
+                              const std::string& t)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(!f.empty());
+    for (auto pos = s.find(f);                // find first occurrence of f
+            pos != std::string::npos;         // make sure f was found
+            s.replace(pos, f.size(), t),      // replace with t, and
+            pos = s.find(f, pos + t.size()))  // find next occurrence of f
+    {}
+}
+
+/*!
+ * @brief string escaping as described in RFC 6901 (Sect. 4)
+ * @param[in] s string to escape
+ * @return    escaped string
+ *
+ * Note the order of escaping "~" to "~0" and "/" to "~1" is important.
+ */
+inline std::string escape(std::string s)
+{
+    replace_substring(s, "~", "~0");
+    replace_substring(s, "/", "~1");
+    return s;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * @brief string unescaping as described in RFC 6901 (Sect. 4)
+ * @param[in] s string to unescape
+ * @return    unescaped string
+ *
+ * Note the order of escaping "~1" to "/" and "~0" to "~" is important.
+ */
+static void unescape(std::string& s)
+{
+    replace_substring(s, "~1", "/");
+    replace_substring(s, "~0", "~");
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a98c435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <string> // string
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////////////
+// JSON type enumeration //
+///////////////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief the JSON type enumeration
+
+This enumeration collects the different JSON types. It is internally used to
+distinguish the stored values, and the functions @ref basic_json::is_null(),
+@ref basic_json::is_object(), @ref basic_json::is_array(),
+@ref basic_json::is_string(), @ref basic_json::is_boolean(),
+@ref basic_json::is_number() (with @ref basic_json::is_number_integer(),
+@ref basic_json::is_number_unsigned(), and @ref basic_json::is_number_float()),
+@ref basic_json::is_discarded(), @ref basic_json::is_primitive(), and
+@ref basic_json::is_structured() rely on it.
+
+@note There are three enumeration entries (number_integer, number_unsigned, and
+number_float), because the library distinguishes these three types for numbers:
+@ref basic_json::number_unsigned_t is used for unsigned integers,
+@ref basic_json::number_integer_t is used for signed integers, and
+@ref basic_json::number_float_t is used for floating-point numbers or to
+approximate integers which do not fit in the limits of their respective type.
+
+@sa see @ref basic_json::basic_json(const value_t value_type) -- create a JSON
+value with the default value for a given type
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+enum class value_t : std::uint8_t
+{
+    null,             ///< null value
+    object,           ///< object (unordered set of name/value pairs)
+    array,            ///< array (ordered collection of values)
+    string,           ///< string value
+    boolean,          ///< boolean value
+    number_integer,   ///< number value (signed integer)
+    number_unsigned,  ///< number value (unsigned integer)
+    number_float,     ///< number value (floating-point)
+    binary,           ///< binary array (ordered collection of bytes)
+    discarded         ///< discarded by the parser callback function
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief comparison operator for JSON types
+
+Returns an ordering that is similar to Python:
+- order: null < boolean < number < object < array < string < binary
+- furthermore, each type is not smaller than itself
+- discarded values are not comparable
+- binary is represented as a b"" string in python and directly comparable to a
+  string; however, making a binary array directly comparable with a string would
+  be surprising behavior in a JSON file.
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+inline bool operator<(const value_t lhs, const value_t rhs) noexcept
+{
+    static constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, 9> order = {{
+            0 /* null */, 3 /* object */, 4 /* array */, 5 /* string */,
+            1 /* boolean */, 2 /* integer */, 2 /* unsigned */, 2 /* float */,
+            6 /* binary */
+        }
+    };
+
+    const auto l_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(lhs);
+    const auto r_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(rhs);
+    return l_index < order.size() && r_index < order.size() && order[l_index] < order[r_index];
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/json.hpp b/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b679feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9045 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR 10
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH 0
+
+#include <algorithm> // all_of, find, for_each
+#include <cstddef> // nullptr_t, ptrdiff_t, size_t
+#include <functional> // hash, less
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <iosfwd> // istream, ostream
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+#include <iterator> // random_access_iterator_tag
+#include <memory> // unique_ptr
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string, stoi, to_string
+#include <utility> // declval, forward, move, pair, swap
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp>
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+    #include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+/*!
+@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief a class to store JSON values
+
+@tparam ObjectType type for JSON objects (`std::map` by default; will be used
+in @ref object_t)
+@tparam ArrayType type for JSON arrays (`std::vector` by default; will be used
+in @ref array_t)
+@tparam StringType type for JSON strings and object keys (`std::string` by
+default; will be used in @ref string_t)
+@tparam BooleanType type for JSON booleans (`bool` by default; will be used
+in @ref boolean_t)
+@tparam NumberIntegerType type for JSON integer numbers (`int64_t` by
+default; will be used in @ref number_integer_t)
+@tparam NumberUnsignedType type for JSON unsigned integer numbers (@c
+`uint64_t` by default; will be used in @ref number_unsigned_t)
+@tparam NumberFloatType type for JSON floating-point numbers (`double` by
+default; will be used in @ref number_float_t)
+@tparam BinaryType type for packed binary data for compatibility with binary
+serialization formats (`std::vector<std::uint8_t>` by default; will be used in
+@ref binary_t)
+@tparam AllocatorType type of the allocator to use (`std::allocator` by
+default)
+@tparam JSONSerializer the serializer to resolve internal calls to `to_json()`
+and `from_json()` (@ref adl_serializer by default)
+
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+- Basic
+ - [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible):
+   JSON values can be default constructed. The result will be a JSON null
+   value.
+ - [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible):
+   A JSON value can be constructed from an rvalue argument.
+ - [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible):
+   A JSON value can be copy-constructed from an lvalue expression.
+ - [MoveAssignable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveAssignable):
+   A JSON value van be assigned from an rvalue argument.
+ - [CopyAssignable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyAssignable):
+   A JSON value can be copy-assigned from an lvalue expression.
+ - [Destructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Destructible):
+   JSON values can be destructed.
+- Layout
+ - [StandardLayoutType](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/StandardLayoutType):
+   JSON values have
+   [standard layout](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/data_members#Standard_layout):
+   All non-static data members are private and standard layout types, the
+   class has no virtual functions or (virtual) base classes.
+- Library-wide
+ - [EqualityComparable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/EqualityComparable):
+   JSON values can be compared with `==`, see @ref
+   operator==(const_reference,const_reference).
+ - [LessThanComparable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/LessThanComparable):
+   JSON values can be compared with `<`, see @ref
+   operator<(const_reference,const_reference).
+ - [Swappable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Swappable):
+   Any JSON lvalue or rvalue of can be swapped with any lvalue or rvalue of
+   other compatible types, using unqualified function call @ref swap().
+ - [NullablePointer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/NullablePointer):
+   JSON values can be compared against `std::nullptr_t` objects which are used
+   to model the `null` value.
+- Container
+ - [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container):
+   JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide iterator access.
+ - [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer);
+   JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide reverse iterator
+   access.
+
+@invariant The member variables @a m_value and @a m_type have the following
+relationship:
+- If `m_type == value_t::object`, then `m_value.object != nullptr`.
+- If `m_type == value_t::array`, then `m_value.array != nullptr`.
+- If `m_type == value_t::string`, then `m_value.string != nullptr`.
+The invariants are checked by member function assert_invariant().
+
+@internal
+@note ObjectType trick from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9860911
+@endinternal
+
+@see [RFC 8259: The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange
+Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259)
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+
+@nosubgrouping
+*/
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-special-member-functions)
+{
+  private:
+    template<detail::value_t> friend struct detail::external_constructor;
+    friend ::nlohmann::json_pointer<basic_json>;
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::parser;
+    friend ::nlohmann::detail::serializer<basic_json>;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::iter_impl;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CharType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::binary_writer;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputType, typename SAX>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::binary_reader;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser;
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::exception;
+
+    /// workaround type for MSVC
+    using basic_json_t = NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    // convenience aliases for types residing in namespace detail;
+    using lexer = ::nlohmann::detail::lexer_base<basic_json>;
+
+    template<typename InputAdapterType>
+    static ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, InputAdapterType> parser(
+        InputAdapterType adapter,
+        detail::parser_callback_t<basic_json>cb = nullptr,
+        const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+        const bool ignore_comments = false
+    )
+    {
+        return ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, InputAdapterType>(std::move(adapter),
+                std::move(cb), allow_exceptions, ignore_comments);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    using primitive_iterator_t = ::nlohmann::detail::primitive_iterator_t;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    using internal_iterator = ::nlohmann::detail::internal_iterator<BasicJsonType>;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    using iter_impl = ::nlohmann::detail::iter_impl<BasicJsonType>;
+    template<typename Iterator>
+    using iteration_proxy = ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy<Iterator>;
+    template<typename Base> using json_reverse_iterator = ::nlohmann::detail::json_reverse_iterator<Base>;
+
+    template<typename CharType>
+    using output_adapter_t = ::nlohmann::detail::output_adapter_t<CharType>;
+
+    template<typename InputType>
+    using binary_reader = ::nlohmann::detail::binary_reader<basic_json, InputType>;
+    template<typename CharType> using binary_writer = ::nlohmann::detail::binary_writer<basic_json, CharType>;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    using serializer = ::nlohmann::detail::serializer<basic_json>;
+
+  public:
+    using value_t = detail::value_t;
+    /// JSON Pointer, see @ref nlohmann::json_pointer
+    using json_pointer = ::nlohmann::json_pointer<basic_json>;
+    template<typename T, typename SFINAE>
+    using json_serializer = JSONSerializer<T, SFINAE>;
+    /// how to treat decoding errors
+    using error_handler_t = detail::error_handler_t;
+    /// how to treat CBOR tags
+    using cbor_tag_handler_t = detail::cbor_tag_handler_t;
+    /// helper type for initializer lists of basic_json values
+    using initializer_list_t = std::initializer_list<detail::json_ref<basic_json>>;
+
+    using input_format_t = detail::input_format_t;
+    /// SAX interface type, see @ref nlohmann::json_sax
+    using json_sax_t = json_sax<basic_json>;
+
+    ////////////////
+    // exceptions //
+    ////////////////
+
+    /// @name exceptions
+    /// Classes to implement user-defined exceptions.
+    /// @{
+
+    /// @copydoc detail::exception
+    using exception = detail::exception;
+    /// @copydoc detail::parse_error
+    using parse_error = detail::parse_error;
+    /// @copydoc detail::invalid_iterator
+    using invalid_iterator = detail::invalid_iterator;
+    /// @copydoc detail::type_error
+    using type_error = detail::type_error;
+    /// @copydoc detail::out_of_range
+    using out_of_range = detail::out_of_range;
+    /// @copydoc detail::other_error
+    using other_error = detail::other_error;
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // container types //
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// @name container types
+    /// The canonic container types to use @ref basic_json like any other STL
+    /// container.
+    /// @{
+
+    /// the type of elements in a basic_json container
+    using value_type = basic_json;
+
+    /// the type of an element reference
+    using reference = value_type&;
+    /// the type of an element const reference
+    using const_reference = const value_type&;
+
+    /// a type to represent differences between iterators
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    /// a type to represent container sizes
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+    /// the allocator type
+    using allocator_type = AllocatorType<basic_json>;
+
+    /// the type of an element pointer
+    using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::pointer;
+    /// the type of an element const pointer
+    using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::const_pointer;
+
+    /// an iterator for a basic_json container
+    using iterator = iter_impl<basic_json>;
+    /// a const iterator for a basic_json container
+    using const_iterator = iter_impl<const basic_json>;
+    /// a reverse iterator for a basic_json container
+    using reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::iterator>;
+    /// a const reverse iterator for a basic_json container
+    using const_reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::const_iterator>;
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the allocator associated with the container
+    */
+    static allocator_type get_allocator()
+    {
+        return allocator_type();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns version information on the library
+
+    This function returns a JSON object with information about the library,
+    including the version number and information on the platform and compiler.
+
+    @return JSON object holding version information
+    key         | description
+    ----------- | ---------------
+    `compiler`  | Information on the used compiler. It is an object with the following keys: `c++` (the used C++ standard), `family` (the compiler family; possible values are `clang`, `icc`, `gcc`, `ilecpp`, `msvc`, `pgcpp`, `sunpro`, and `unknown`), and `version` (the compiler version).
+    `copyright` | The copyright line for the library as string.
+    `name`      | The name of the library as string.
+    `platform`  | The used platform as string. Possible values are `win32`, `linux`, `apple`, `unix`, and `unknown`.
+    `url`       | The URL of the project as string.
+    `version`   | The version of the library. It is an object with the following keys: `major`, `minor`, and `patch` as defined by [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org), and `string` (the version string).
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example output of the `meta()`
+    function.,meta}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since 2.1.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json meta()
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+
+        result["copyright"] = "(C) 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann";
+        result["name"] = "JSON for Modern C++";
+        result["url"] = "https://github.com/nlohmann/json";
+        result["version"]["string"] =
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR) + "." +
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR) + "." +
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH);
+        result["version"]["major"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR;
+        result["version"]["minor"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR;
+        result["version"]["patch"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        result["platform"] = "win32";
+#elif defined __linux__
+        result["platform"] = "linux";
+#elif defined __APPLE__
+        result["platform"] = "apple";
+#elif defined __unix__
+        result["platform"] = "unix";
+#else
+        result["platform"] = "unknown";
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "icc"}, {"version", __INTEL_COMPILER}};
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "clang"}, {"version", __clang_version__}};
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "gcc"}, {"version", std::to_string(__GNUC__) + "." + std::to_string(__GNUC_MINOR__) + "." + std::to_string(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)}};
+#elif defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+        result["compiler"] = "hp"
+#elif defined(__IBMCPP__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "ilecpp"}, {"version", __IBMCPP__}};
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "msvc"}, {"version", _MSC_VER}};
+#elif defined(__PGI)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "pgcpp"}, {"version", __PGI}};
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "sunpro"}, {"version", __SUNPRO_CC}};
+#else
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "unknown"}, {"version", "unknown"}};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+        result["compiler"]["c++"] = std::to_string(__cplusplus);
+#else
+        result["compiler"]["c++"] = "unknown";
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////
+    // JSON value data types //
+    ///////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON value data types
+    /// The data types to store a JSON value. These types are derived from
+    /// the template arguments passed to class @ref basic_json.
+    /// @{
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14)
+    // Use transparent comparator if possible, combined with perfect forwarding
+    // on find() and count() calls prevents unnecessary string construction.
+    using object_comparator_t = std::less<>;
+#else
+    using object_comparator_t = std::less<StringType>;
+#endif
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for an object
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON objects as follows:
+    > An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs,
+    > where a name is a string and a value is a string, number, boolean, null,
+    > object, or array.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
+    described below.
+
+    @tparam ObjectType  the container to store objects (e.g., `std::map` or
+    `std::unordered_map`)
+    @tparam StringType the type of the keys or names (e.g., `std::string`).
+    The comparison function `std::less<StringType>` is used to order elements
+    inside the container.
+    @tparam AllocatorType the allocator to use for objects (e.g.,
+    `std::allocator`)
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a ObjectType (`std::map`), @a StringType
+    (`std::string`), and @a AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default
+    value for @a object_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::map<
+      std::string, // key_type
+      basic_json, // value_type
+      std::less<std::string>, // key_compare
+      std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
+    >
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Behavior
+
+    The choice of @a object_t influences the behavior of the JSON class. With
+    the default type, objects have the following behavior:
+
+    - When all names are unique, objects will be interoperable in the sense
+      that all software implementations receiving that object will agree on
+      the name-value mappings.
+    - When the names within an object are not unique, it is unspecified which
+      one of the values for a given key will be chosen. For instance,
+      `{"key": 2, "key": 1}` could be equal to either `{"key": 1}` or
+      `{"key": 2}`.
+    - Internally, name/value pairs are stored in lexicographical order of the
+      names. Objects will also be serialized (see @ref dump) in this order.
+      For instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be stored
+      and serialized as `{"a": 2, "b": 1}`.
+    - When comparing objects, the order of the name/value pairs is irrelevant.
+      This makes objects interoperable in the sense that they will not be
+      affected by these differences. For instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and
+      `{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be treated as equal.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+    In this class, the object's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained.
+    However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
+    runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+    @ref max_size function of a JSON object.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Objects are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
+    access to object values, a pointer of type `object_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    @sa see @ref array_t -- type for an array value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @note The order name/value pairs are added to the object is *not*
+    preserved by the library. Therefore, iterating an object may return
+    name/value pairs in a different order than they were originally stored. In
+    fact, keys will be traversed in alphabetical order as `std::map` with
+    `std::less` is used by default. Please note this behavior conforms to [RFC
+    8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259), because any order implements the
+    specified "unordered" nature of JSON objects.
+    */
+    using object_t = ObjectType<StringType,
+          basic_json,
+          object_comparator_t,
+          AllocatorType<std::pair<const StringType,
+          basic_json>>>;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for an array
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON arrays as follows:
+    > An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
+    explained below.
+
+    @tparam ArrayType  container type to store arrays (e.g., `std::vector` or
+    `std::list`)
+    @tparam AllocatorType allocator to use for arrays (e.g., `std::allocator`)
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a ArrayType (`std::vector`) and @a
+    AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default value for @a array_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::vector<
+      basic_json, // value_type
+      std::allocator<basic_json> // allocator_type
+    >
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+    In this class, the array's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained.
+    However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
+    runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+    @ref max_size function of a JSON array.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Arrays are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
+    access to array values, a pointer of type `array_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+    @sa see @ref object_t -- type for an object value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a string
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON strings as follows:
+    > A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter
+    described below. Unicode values are split by the JSON class into
+    byte-sized characters during deserialization.
+
+    @tparam StringType  the container to store strings (e.g., `std::string`).
+    Note this container is used for keys/names in objects, see @ref object_t.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a StringType (`std::string`), the default
+    value for @a string_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::string
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Encoding
+
+    Strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding. Therefore, functions like
+    `std::string::size()` or `std::string::length()` return the number of
+    bytes in the string rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+
+    #### String comparison
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+    > Software implementations are typically required to test names of object
+    > members for equality. Implementations that transform the textual
+    > representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then perform the
+    > comparison numerically, code unit by code unit, are interoperable in the
+    > sense that implementations will agree in all cases on equality or
+    > inequality of two strings. For example, implementations that compare
+    > strings with escaped characters unconverted may incorrectly find that
+    > `"a\\b"` and `"a\u005Cb"` are not equal.
+
+    This implementation is interoperable as it does compare strings code unit
+    by code unit.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    String values are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is,
+    for any access to string values, a pointer of type `string_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using string_t = StringType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a boolean
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) implicitly describes a boolean as a
+    type which differentiates the two literals `true` and `false`.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter @a
+    BooleanType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a BooleanType (`bool`), the default value for
+    @a boolean_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    bool
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Boolean values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using boolean_t = BooleanType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (integer)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
+    parameter @a NumberIntegerType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberIntegerType (`int64_t`), the default
+    value for @a number_integer_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    int64_t
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal
+      number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For
+      instance, the C++ integer literal `010` will be serialized to `8`.
+      During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+    When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be
+    stored is `9223372036854775807` (INT64_MAX) and the minimal integer number
+    that can be stored is `-9223372036854775808` (INT64_MIN). Integer numbers
+    that are out of range will yield over/underflow when used in a
+    constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers
+    will be automatically be stored as @ref number_unsigned_t or @ref
+    number_float_t.
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+    > Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are
+    > in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are interoperable in the sense
+    > that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+    As this range is a subrange of the exactly supported range [INT64_MIN,
+    INT64_MAX], this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Integer number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_float_t -- type for number values (floating-point)
+
+    @sa see @ref number_unsigned_t -- type for number values (unsigned integer)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using number_integer_t = NumberIntegerType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (unsigned)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store unsigned integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the
+    template parameter @a NumberUnsignedType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberUnsignedType (`uint64_t`), the
+    default value for @a number_unsigned_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    uint64_t
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal
+      number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For
+      instance, the C++ integer literal `010` will be serialized to `8`.
+      During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+    When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be
+    stored is `18446744073709551615` (UINT64_MAX) and the minimal integer
+    number that can be stored is `0`. Integer numbers that are out of range
+    will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor. During
+    deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be automatically
+    be stored as @ref number_integer_t or @ref number_float_t.
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+    > Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are
+    > in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are interoperable in the sense
+    > that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+    As this range is a subrange (when considered in conjunction with the
+    number_integer_t type) of the exactly supported range [0, UINT64_MAX],
+    this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Integer number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_float_t -- type for number values (floating-point)
+    @sa see @ref number_integer_t -- type for number values (integer)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    using number_unsigned_t = NumberUnsignedType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (floating-point)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store floating-point numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
+    parameter @a NumberFloatType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberFloatType (`double`), the default
+    value for @a number_float_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    double
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in floating-point literals will be ignored. Internally,
+      the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++
+      floating-point literal `01.2` will be serialized to `1.2`. During
+      deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+    > This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range and
+    > precision of numbers accepted. Since software that implements IEEE
+    > 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers is generally available and
+    > widely used, good interoperability can be achieved by implementations
+    > that expect no more precision or range than these provide, in the sense
+    > that implementations will approximate JSON numbers within the expected
+    > precision.
+
+    This implementation does exactly follow this approach, as it uses double
+    precision floating-point numbers. Note values smaller than
+    `-1.79769313486232e+308` and values greater than `1.79769313486232e+308`
+    will be stored as NaN internally and be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Floating-point number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json
+    type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_integer_t -- type for number values (integer)
+
+    @sa see @ref number_unsigned_t -- type for number values (unsigned integer)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using number_float_t = NumberFloatType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a packed binary type
+
+    This type is a type designed to carry binary data that appears in various
+    serialized formats, such as CBOR's Major Type 2, MessagePack's bin, and
+    BSON's generic binary subtype. This type is NOT a part of standard JSON and
+    exists solely for compatibility with these binary types. As such, it is
+    simply defined as an ordered sequence of zero or more byte values.
+
+    Additionally, as an implementation detail, the subtype of the binary data is
+    carried around as a `std::uint8_t`, which is compatible with both of the
+    binary data formats that use binary subtyping, (though the specific
+    numbering is incompatible with each other, and it is up to the user to
+    translate between them).
+
+    [CBOR's RFC 7049](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) describes this type
+    as:
+    > Major type 2: a byte string. The string's length in bytes is represented
+    > following the rules for positive integers (major type 0).
+
+    [MessagePack's documentation on the bin type
+    family](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#bin-format-family)
+    describes this type as:
+    > Bin format family stores an byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes
+    > in addition to the size of the byte array.
+
+    [BSON's specifications](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) describe several
+    binary types; however, this type is intended to represent the generic binary
+    type which has the description:
+    > Generic binary subtype - This is the most commonly used binary subtype and
+    > should be the 'default' for drivers and tools.
+
+    None of these impose any limitations on the internal representation other
+    than the basic unit of storage be some type of array whose parts are
+    decomposable into bytes.
+
+    The default representation of this binary format is a
+    `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, which is a very common way to represent a byte
+    array in modern C++.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    The default values for @a BinaryType is `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Binary Arrays are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is,
+    for any access to array values, a pointer of the type `binary_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    #### Notes on subtypes
+
+    - CBOR
+       - Binary values are represented as byte strings. Subtypes are serialized
+         as tagged values.
+    - MessagePack
+       - If a subtype is given and the binary array contains exactly 1, 2, 4, 8,
+         or 16 elements, the fixext family (fixext1, fixext2, fixext4, fixext8)
+         is used. For other sizes, the ext family (ext8, ext16, ext32) is used.
+         The subtype is then added as singed 8-bit integer.
+       - If no subtype is given, the bin family (bin8, bin16, bin32) is used.
+    - BSON
+       - If a subtype is given, it is used and added as unsigned 8-bit integer.
+       - If no subtype is given, the generic binary subtype 0x00 is used.
+
+    @sa see @ref binary -- create a binary array
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    using binary_t = nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<BinaryType>;
+    /// @}
+
+  private:
+
+    /// helper for exception-safe object creation
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    static T* create(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        AllocatorType<T> alloc;
+        using AllocatorTraits = std::allocator_traits<AllocatorType<T>>;
+
+        auto deleter = [&](T * obj)
+        {
+            AllocatorTraits::deallocate(alloc, obj, 1);
+        };
+        std::unique_ptr<T, decltype(deleter)> obj(AllocatorTraits::allocate(alloc, 1), deleter);
+        AllocatorTraits::construct(alloc, obj.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        JSON_ASSERT(obj != nullptr);
+        return obj.release();
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////
+    // JSON value storage //
+    ////////////////////////
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief a JSON value
+
+    The actual storage for a JSON value of the @ref basic_json class. This
+    union combines the different storage types for the JSON value types
+    defined in @ref value_t.
+
+    JSON type | value_t type    | used type
+    --------- | --------------- | ------------------------
+    object    | object          | pointer to @ref object_t
+    array     | array           | pointer to @ref array_t
+    string    | string          | pointer to @ref string_t
+    boolean   | boolean         | @ref boolean_t
+    number    | number_integer  | @ref number_integer_t
+    number    | number_unsigned | @ref number_unsigned_t
+    number    | number_float    | @ref number_float_t
+    binary    | binary          | pointer to @ref binary_t
+    null      | null            | *no value is stored*
+
+    @note Variable-length types (objects, arrays, and strings) are stored as
+    pointers. The size of the union should not exceed 64 bits if the default
+    value types are used.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    union json_value
+    {
+        /// object (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        object_t* object;
+        /// array (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        array_t* array;
+        /// string (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        string_t* string;
+        /// binary (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        binary_t* binary;
+        /// boolean
+        boolean_t boolean;
+        /// number (integer)
+        number_integer_t number_integer;
+        /// number (unsigned integer)
+        number_unsigned_t number_unsigned;
+        /// number (floating-point)
+        number_float_t number_float;
+
+        /// default constructor (for null values)
+        json_value() = default;
+        /// constructor for booleans
+        json_value(boolean_t v) noexcept : boolean(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (integer)
+        json_value(number_integer_t v) noexcept : number_integer(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (unsigned)
+        json_value(number_unsigned_t v) noexcept : number_unsigned(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (floating-point)
+        json_value(number_float_t v) noexcept : number_float(v) {}
+        /// constructor for empty values of a given type
+        json_value(value_t t)
+        {
+            switch (t)
+            {
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    object = create<object_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    array = create<array_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                {
+                    string = create<string_t>("");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                {
+                    binary = create<binary_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                {
+                    boolean = boolean_t(false);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                {
+                    number_integer = number_integer_t(0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                {
+                    number_unsigned = number_unsigned_t(0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                {
+                    number_float = number_float_t(0.0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                {
+                    object = nullptr;  // silence warning, see #821
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    object = nullptr;  // silence warning, see #821
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(t == value_t::null))
+                    {
+                        JSON_THROW(other_error::create(500, "961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 3.10.0", basic_json())); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for strings
+        json_value(const string_t& value)
+        {
+            string = create<string_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue strings
+        json_value(string_t&& value)
+        {
+            string = create<string_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for objects
+        json_value(const object_t& value)
+        {
+            object = create<object_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue objects
+        json_value(object_t&& value)
+        {
+            object = create<object_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for arrays
+        json_value(const array_t& value)
+        {
+            array = create<array_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue arrays
+        json_value(array_t&& value)
+        {
+            array = create<array_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for binary arrays
+        json_value(const typename binary_t::container_type& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue binary arrays
+        json_value(typename binary_t::container_type&& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for binary arrays (internal type)
+        json_value(const binary_t& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue binary arrays (internal type)
+        json_value(binary_t&& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        void destroy(value_t t)
+        {
+            if (t == value_t::array || t == value_t::object)
+            {
+                // flatten the current json_value to a heap-allocated stack
+                std::vector<basic_json> stack;
+
+                // move the top-level items to stack
+                if (t == value_t::array)
+                {
+                    stack.reserve(array->size());
+                    std::move(array->begin(), array->end(), std::back_inserter(stack));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    stack.reserve(object->size());
+                    for (auto&& it : *object)
+                    {
+                        stack.push_back(std::move(it.second));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                while (!stack.empty())
+                {
+                    // move the last item to local variable to be processed
+                    basic_json current_item(std::move(stack.back()));
+                    stack.pop_back();
+
+                    // if current_item is array/object, move
+                    // its children to the stack to be processed later
+                    if (current_item.is_array())
+                    {
+                        std::move(current_item.m_value.array->begin(), current_item.m_value.array->end(), std::back_inserter(stack));
+
+                        current_item.m_value.array->clear();
+                    }
+                    else if (current_item.is_object())
+                    {
+                        for (auto&& it : *current_item.m_value.object)
+                        {
+                            stack.push_back(std::move(it.second));
+                        }
+
+                        current_item.m_value.object->clear();
+                    }
+
+                    // it's now safe that current_item get destructed
+                    // since it doesn't have any children
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (t)
+            {
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<object_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, object);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, object, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<array_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, array);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, array, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, string, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, binary, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief checks the class invariants
+
+    This function asserts the class invariants. It needs to be called at the
+    end of every constructor to make sure that created objects respect the
+    invariant. Furthermore, it has to be called each time the type of a JSON
+    value is changed, because the invariant expresses a relationship between
+    @a m_type and @a m_value.
+
+    Furthermore, the parent relation is checked for arrays and objects: If
+    @a check_parents true and the value is an array or object, then the
+    container's elements must have the current value as parent.
+
+    @param[in] check_parents  whether the parent relation should be checked.
+               The value is true by default and should only be set to false
+               during destruction of objects when the invariant does not
+               need to hold.
+    */
+    void assert_invariant(bool check_parents = true) const noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::object || m_value.object != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::array || m_value.array != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::string || m_value.string != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::binary || m_value.binary != nullptr);
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        JSON_TRY
+        {
+            // cppcheck-suppress assertWithSideEffect
+            JSON_ASSERT(!check_parents || !is_structured() || std::all_of(begin(), end(), [this](const basic_json & j)
+            {
+                return j.m_parent == this;
+            }));
+        }
+        JSON_CATCH(...) {} // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+#endif
+        static_cast<void>(check_parents);
+    }
+
+    void set_parents()
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                for (auto& element : *m_value.array)
+                {
+                    element.m_parent = this;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                for (auto& element : *m_value.object)
+                {
+                    element.second.m_parent = this;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    iterator set_parents(iterator it, typename iterator::difference_type count)
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        for (typename iterator::difference_type i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+        {
+            (it + i)->m_parent = this;
+        }
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(count);
+#endif
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    reference set_parent(reference j, std::size_t old_capacity = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        if (old_capacity != std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2838
+            JSON_ASSERT(type() == value_t::array);
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_value.array->capacity() != old_capacity))
+            {
+                // capacity has changed: update all parents
+                set_parents();
+                return j;
+            }
+        }
+
+        j.m_parent = this;
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(j);
+        static_cast<void>(old_capacity);
+#endif
+        return j;
+    }
+
+  public:
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON parser callback //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief parser event types
+
+    The parser callback distinguishes the following events:
+    - `object_start`: the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
+    - `key`: the parser read a key of a value in an object
+    - `object_end`: the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
+    - `array_start`: the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
+    - `array_end`: the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
+    - `value`: the parser finished reading a JSON value
+
+    @image html callback_events.png "Example when certain parse events are triggered"
+
+    @sa see @ref parser_callback_t for more information and examples
+    */
+    using parse_event_t = detail::parse_event_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief per-element parser callback type
+
+    With a parser callback function, the result of parsing a JSON text can be
+    influenced. When passed to @ref parse, it is called on certain events
+    (passed as @ref parse_event_t via parameter @a event) with a set recursion
+    depth @a depth and context JSON value @a parsed. The return value of the
+    callback function is a boolean indicating whether the element that emitted
+    the callback shall be kept or not.
+
+    We distinguish six scenarios (determined by the event type) in which the
+    callback function can be called. The following table describes the values
+    of the parameters @a depth, @a event, and @a parsed.
+
+    parameter @a event | description | parameter @a depth | parameter @a parsed
+    ------------------ | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------
+    parse_event_t::object_start | the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | a JSON value with type discarded
+    parse_event_t::key | the parser read a key of a value in an object | depth of the currently parsed JSON object | a JSON string containing the key
+    parse_event_t::object_end | the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | the parsed JSON object
+    parse_event_t::array_start | the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | a JSON value with type discarded
+    parse_event_t::array_end | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | the parsed JSON array
+    parse_event_t::value | the parser finished reading a JSON value | depth of the value | the parsed JSON value
+
+    @image html callback_events.png "Example when certain parse events are triggered"
+
+    Discarding a value (i.e., returning `false`) has different effects
+    depending on the context in which function was called:
+
+    - Discarded values in structured types are skipped. That is, the parser
+      will behave as if the discarded value was never read.
+    - In case a value outside a structured type is skipped, it is replaced
+      with `null`. This case happens if the top-level element is skipped.
+
+    @param[in] depth  the depth of the recursion during parsing
+
+    @param[in] event  an event of type parse_event_t indicating the context in
+    the callback function has been called
+
+    @param[in,out] parsed  the current intermediate parse result; note that
+    writing to this value has no effect for parse_event_t::key events
+
+    @return Whether the JSON value which called the function during parsing
+    should be kept (`true`) or not (`false`). In the latter case, it is either
+    skipped completely or replaced by an empty discarded object.
+
+    @sa see @ref parse for examples
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using parser_callback_t = detail::parser_callback_t<basic_json>;
+
+    //////////////////
+    // constructors //
+    //////////////////
+
+    /// @name constructors and destructors
+    /// Constructors of class @ref basic_json, copy/move constructor, copy
+    /// assignment, static functions creating objects, and the destructor.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create an empty value with a given type
+
+    Create an empty JSON value with a given type. The value will be default
+    initialized with an empty value which depends on the type:
+
+    Value type  | initial value
+    ----------- | -------------
+    null        | `null`
+    boolean     | `false`
+    string      | `""`
+    number      | `0`
+    object      | `{}`
+    array       | `[]`
+    binary      | empty array
+
+    @param[in] v  the type of the value to create
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor for different @ref
+    value_t values,basic_json__value_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref clear() -- restores the postcondition of this constructor
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(const value_t v)
+        : m_type(v), m_value(v)
+    {
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a null object
+
+    Create a `null` JSON value. It either takes a null pointer as parameter
+    (explicitly creating `null`) or no parameter (implicitly creating `null`).
+    The passed null pointer itself is not read -- it is only used to choose
+    the right constructor.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with and without a
+    null pointer parameter.,basic_json__nullptr_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(std::nullptr_t = nullptr) noexcept
+        : basic_json(value_t::null)
+    {
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value
+
+    This is a "catch all" constructor for all compatible JSON types; that is,
+    types for which a `to_json()` method exists. The constructor forwards the
+    parameter @a val to that method (to `json_serializer<U>::to_json` method
+    with `U = uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`, to be exact).
+
+    Template type @a CompatibleType includes, but is not limited to, the
+    following types:
+    - **arrays**: @ref array_t and all kinds of compatible containers such as
+      `std::vector`, `std::deque`, `std::list`, `std::forward_list`,
+      `std::array`, `std::valarray`, `std::set`, `std::unordered_set`,
+      `std::multiset`, and `std::unordered_multiset` with a `value_type` from
+      which a @ref basic_json value can be constructed.
+    - **objects**: @ref object_t and all kinds of compatible associative
+      containers such as `std::map`, `std::unordered_map`, `std::multimap`,
+      and `std::unordered_multimap` with a `key_type` compatible to
+      @ref string_t and a `value_type` from which a @ref basic_json value can
+      be constructed.
+    - **strings**: @ref string_t, string literals, and all compatible string
+      containers can be used.
+    - **numbers**: @ref number_integer_t, @ref number_unsigned_t,
+      @ref number_float_t, and all convertible number types such as `int`,
+      `size_t`, `int64_t`, `float` or `double` can be used.
+    - **boolean**: @ref boolean_t / `bool` can be used.
+    - **binary**: @ref binary_t / `std::vector<std::uint8_t>` may be used,
+      unfortunately because string literals cannot be distinguished from binary
+      character arrays by the C++ type system, all types compatible with `const
+      char*` will be directed to the string constructor instead.  This is both
+      for backwards compatibility, and due to the fact that a binary type is not
+      a standard JSON type.
+
+    See the examples below.
+
+    @tparam CompatibleType a type such that:
+    - @a CompatibleType is not derived from `std::istream`,
+    - @a CompatibleType is not @ref basic_json (to avoid hijacking copy/move
+         constructors),
+    - @a CompatibleType is not a different @ref basic_json type (i.e. with different template arguments)
+    - @a CompatibleType is not a @ref basic_json nested type (e.g.,
+         @ref json_pointer, @ref iterator, etc ...)
+    - `json_serializer<U>` has a `to_json(basic_json_t&, CompatibleType&&)` method
+
+    @tparam U = `uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`
+
+    @param[in] val the value to be forwarded to the respective constructor
+
+    @complexity Usually linear in the size of the passed @a val, also
+                depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Depends on the called constructor. For types directly
+    supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no `to_json()` function
+    was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are
+    no changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with several
+    compatible types.,basic_json__CompatibleType}
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename CompatibleType,
+               typename U = detail::uncvref_t<CompatibleType>,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_basic_json<U>::value && detail::is_compatible_type<basic_json_t, U>::value, int > = 0 >
+    basic_json(CompatibleType && val) noexcept(noexcept( // NOLINT(bugprone-forwarding-reference-overload,bugprone-exception-escape)
+                JSONSerializer<U>::to_json(std::declval<basic_json_t&>(),
+                                           std::forward<CompatibleType>(val))))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<U>::to_json(*this, std::forward<CompatibleType>(val));
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an existing one
+
+    This is a constructor for existing @ref basic_json types.
+    It does not hijack copy/move constructors, since the parameter has different
+    template arguments than the current ones.
+
+    The constructor tries to convert the internal @ref m_value of the parameter.
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType a type such that:
+    - @a BasicJsonType is a @ref basic_json type.
+    - @a BasicJsonType has different template arguments than @ref basic_json_t.
+
+    @param[in] val the @ref basic_json value to be converted.
+
+    @complexity Usually linear in the size of the passed @a val, also
+                depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Depends on the called constructor. For types directly
+    supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no `to_json()` function
+    was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are
+    no changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template < typename BasicJsonType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value&& !std::is_same<basic_json, BasicJsonType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    basic_json(const BasicJsonType& val)
+    {
+        using other_boolean_t = typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t;
+        using other_number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+        using other_number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+        using other_number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+        using other_string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+        using other_object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+        using other_array_t = typename BasicJsonType::array_t;
+        using other_binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+        switch (val.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                JSONSerializer<other_boolean_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_boolean_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_float_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_float_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_integer_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_integer_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_unsigned_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_unsigned_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::string:
+                JSONSerializer<other_string_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_string_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSONSerializer<other_object_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_object_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::array:
+                JSONSerializer<other_array_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_array_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::binary:
+                JSONSerializer<other_binary_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_binary_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::null:
+                *this = nullptr;
+                break;
+            case value_t::discarded:
+                m_type = value_t::discarded;
+                break;
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a container (array or object) from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON value of type array or object from the passed initializer
+    list @a init. In case @a type_deduction is `true` (default), the type of
+    the JSON value to be created is deducted from the initializer list @a init
+    according to the following rules:
+
+    1. If the list is empty, an empty JSON object value `{}` is created.
+    2. If the list consists of pairs whose first element is a string, a JSON
+       object value is created where the first elements of the pairs are
+       treated as keys and the second elements are as values.
+    3. In all other cases, an array is created.
+
+    The rules aim to create the best fit between a C++ initializer list and
+    JSON values. The rationale is as follows:
+
+    1. The empty initializer list is written as `{}` which is exactly an empty
+       JSON object.
+    2. C++ has no way of describing mapped types other than to list a list of
+       pairs. As JSON requires that keys must be of type string, rule 2 is the
+       weakest constraint one can pose on initializer lists to interpret them
+       as an object.
+    3. In all other cases, the initializer list could not be interpreted as
+       JSON object type, so interpreting it as JSON array type is safe.
+
+    With the rules described above, the following JSON values cannot be
+    expressed by an initializer list:
+
+    - the empty array (`[]`): use @ref array(initializer_list_t)
+      with an empty initializer list in this case
+    - arrays whose elements satisfy rule 2: use @ref
+      array(initializer_list_t) with the same initializer list
+      in this case
+
+    @note When used without parentheses around an empty initializer list, @ref
+    basic_json() is called instead of this function, yielding the JSON null
+    value.
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list with JSON values
+
+    @param[in] type_deduction internal parameter; when set to `true`, the type
+    of the JSON value is deducted from the initializer list @a init; when set
+    to `false`, the type provided via @a manual_type is forced. This mode is
+    used by the functions @ref array(initializer_list_t) and
+    @ref object(initializer_list_t).
+
+    @param[in] manual_type internal parameter; when @a type_deduction is set
+    to `false`, the created JSON value will use the provided type (only @ref
+    value_t::array and @ref value_t::object are valid); when @a type_deduction
+    is set to `true`, this parameter has no effect
+
+    @throw type_error.301 if @a type_deduction is `false`, @a manual_type is
+    `value_t::object`, but @a init contains an element which is not a pair
+    whose first element is a string. In this case, the constructor could not
+    create an object. If @a type_deduction would have be `true`, an array
+    would have been created. See @ref object(initializer_list_t)
+    for an example.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the initializer list @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values are created from
+    initializer lists.,basic_json__list_init_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref array(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON array
+    value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref object(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON object
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(initializer_list_t init,
+               bool type_deduction = true,
+               value_t manual_type = value_t::array)
+    {
+        // check if each element is an array with two elements whose first
+        // element is a string
+        bool is_an_object = std::all_of(init.begin(), init.end(),
+                                        [](const detail::json_ref<basic_json>& element_ref)
+        {
+            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[0].is_string();
+        });
+
+        // adjust type if type deduction is not wanted
+        if (!type_deduction)
+        {
+            // if array is wanted, do not create an object though possible
+            if (manual_type == value_t::array)
+            {
+                is_an_object = false;
+            }
+
+            // if object is wanted but impossible, throw an exception
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(manual_type == value_t::object && !is_an_object))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(301, "cannot create object from initializer list", basic_json()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (is_an_object)
+        {
+            // the initializer list is a list of pairs -> create object
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+
+            for (auto& element_ref : init)
+            {
+                auto element = element_ref.moved_or_copied();
+                m_value.object->emplace(
+                    std::move(*((*element.m_value.array)[0].m_value.string)),
+                    std::move((*element.m_value.array)[1]));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // the initializer list describes an array -> create array
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value.array = create<array_t>(init.begin(), init.end());
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create a binary array (without subtype)
+
+    Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container. Binary
+    values are part of various binary formats, such as CBOR, MessagePack, and
+    BSON. This constructor is used to create a value for serialization to those
+    formats.
+
+    @note Note, this function exists because of the difficulty in correctly
+    specifying the correct template overload in the standard value ctor, as both
+    JSON arrays and JSON binary arrays are backed with some form of a
+    `std::vector`. Because JSON binary arrays are a non-standard extension it
+    was decided that it would be best to prevent automatic initialization of a
+    binary array type, for backwards compatibility and so it does not happen on
+    accident.
+
+    @param[in] init container containing bytes to use as binary type
+
+    @return JSON binary array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = init;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create a binary array (with subtype)
+
+    Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container. Binary
+    values are part of various binary formats, such as CBOR, MessagePack, and
+    BSON. This constructor is used to create a value for serialization to those
+    formats.
+
+    @note Note, this function exists because of the difficulty in correctly
+    specifying the correct template overload in the standard value ctor, as both
+    JSON arrays and JSON binary arrays are backed with some form of a
+    `std::vector`. Because JSON binary arrays are a non-standard extension it
+    was decided that it would be best to prevent automatic initialization of a
+    binary array type, for backwards compatibility and so it does not happen on
+    accident.
+
+    @param[in] init container containing bytes to use as binary type
+    @param[in] subtype subtype to use in MessagePack and BSON
+
+    @return JSON binary array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init, typename binary_t::subtype_type subtype)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = binary_t(init, subtype);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc binary(const typename binary_t::container_type&)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = std::move(init);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc binary(const typename binary_t::container_type&, typename binary_t::subtype_type)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init, typename binary_t::subtype_type subtype)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = binary_t(std::move(init), subtype);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create an array from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON array value from a given initializer list. That is, given a
+    list of values `a, b, c`, creates the JSON value `[a, b, c]`. If the
+    initializer list is empty, the empty array `[]` is created.
+
+    @note This function is only needed to express two edge cases that cannot
+    be realized with the initializer list constructor (@ref
+    basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t)). These cases
+    are:
+    1. creating an array whose elements are all pairs whose first element is a
+    string -- in this case, the initializer list constructor would create an
+    object, taking the first elements as keys
+    2. creating an empty array -- passing the empty initializer list to the
+    initializer list constructor yields an empty object
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list with JSON values to create an array from
+    (optional)
+
+    @return JSON array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the `array`
+    function.,array}
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t) --
+    create a JSON value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref object(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON object
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json array(initializer_list_t init = {})
+    {
+        return basic_json(init, false, value_t::array);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create an object from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON object value from a given initializer list. The initializer
+    lists elements must be pairs, and their first elements must be strings. If
+    the initializer list is empty, the empty object `{}` is created.
+
+    @note This function is only added for symmetry reasons. In contrast to the
+    related function @ref array(initializer_list_t), there are
+    no cases which can only be expressed by this function. That is, any
+    initializer list @a init can also be passed to the initializer list
+    constructor @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t).
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list to create an object from (optional)
+
+    @return JSON object value
+
+    @throw type_error.301 if @a init is not a list of pairs whose first
+    elements are strings. In this case, no object can be created. When such a
+    value is passed to @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t),
+    an array would have been created from the passed initializer list @a init.
+    See example below.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the `object`
+    function.,object}
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t) --
+    create a JSON value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref array(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON array
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json object(initializer_list_t init = {})
+    {
+        return basic_json(init, false, value_t::object);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief construct an array with count copies of given value
+
+    Constructs a JSON array value by creating @a cnt copies of a passed value.
+    In case @a cnt is `0`, an empty array is created.
+
+    @param[in] cnt  the number of JSON copies of @a val to create
+    @param[in] val  the JSON value to copy
+
+    @post `std::distance(begin(),end()) == cnt` holds.
+
+    @complexity Linear in @a cnt.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows examples for the @ref
+    basic_json(size_type\, const basic_json&)
+    constructor.,basic_json__size_type_basic_json}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
+        : m_type(value_t::array)
+    {
+        m_value.array = create<array_t>(cnt, val);
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief construct a JSON container given an iterator range
+
+    Constructs the JSON value with the contents of the range `[first, last)`.
+    The semantics depends on the different types a JSON value can have:
+    - In case of a null type, invalid_iterator.206 is thrown.
+    - In case of other primitive types (number, boolean, or string), @a first
+      must be `begin()` and @a last must be `end()`. In this case, the value is
+      copied. Otherwise, invalid_iterator.204 is thrown.
+    - In case of structured types (array, object), the constructor behaves as
+      similar versions for `std::vector` or `std::map`; that is, a JSON array
+      or object is constructed from the values in the range.
+
+    @tparam InputIT an input iterator type (@ref iterator or @ref
+    const_iterator)
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range to copy from (included)
+    @param[in] last end of the range to copy from (excluded)
+
+    @pre Iterators @a first and @a last must be initialized. **This
+         precondition is enforced with an assertion (see warning).** If
+         assertions are switched off, a violation of this precondition yields
+         undefined behavior.
+
+    @pre Range `[first, last)` is valid. Usually, this precondition cannot be
+         checked efficiently. Only certain edge cases are detected; see the
+         description of the exceptions below. A violation of this precondition
+         yields undefined behavior.
+
+    @warning A precondition is enforced with a runtime assertion that will
+             result in calling `std::abort` if this precondition is not met.
+             Assertions can be disabled by defining `NDEBUG` at compile time.
+             See https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert for more
+             information.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.201 if iterators @a first and @a last are not
+    compatible (i.e., do not belong to the same JSON value). In this case,
+    the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
+    @throw invalid_iterator.204 if iterators @a first and @a last belong to a
+    primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but @a first does not point
+    to the first element any more. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is
+    undefined. See example code below.
+    @throw invalid_iterator.206 if iterators @a first and @a last belong to a
+    null value. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
+
+    @complexity Linear in distance between @a first and @a last.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several ways to create JSON values by
+    specifying a subrange with iterators.,basic_json__InputIt_InputIt}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class InputIT, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(first.m_object != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(last.m_object != nullptr);
+
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(201, "iterators are not compatible", basic_json()));
+        }
+
+        // copy type from first iterator
+        m_type = first.m_object->m_type;
+
+        // check if iterator range is complete for primitive values
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()
+                                         || !last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(204, "iterators out of range", *first.m_object));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::object:
+            case value_t::array:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value.number_integer = first.m_object->m_value.number_integer;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value.number_unsigned = first.m_object->m_value.number_unsigned;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value.number_float = first.m_object->m_value.number_float;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value.boolean = first.m_object->m_value.boolean;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value = *first.m_object->m_value.string;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value.object = create<object_t>(first.m_it.object_iterator,
+                                                  last.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value.array = create<array_t>(first.m_it.array_iterator,
+                                                last.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value = *first.m_object->m_value.binary;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(206, "cannot construct with iterators from " + std::string(first.m_object->type_name()), *first.m_object));
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    // other constructors and destructor //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+    template<typename JsonRef,
+             detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<detail::is_json_ref<JsonRef>,
+                                 std::is_same<typename JsonRef::value_type, basic_json>>::value, int> = 0 >
+    basic_json(const JsonRef& ref) : basic_json(ref.moved_or_copied()) {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief copy constructor
+
+    Creates a copy of a given JSON value.
+
+    @param[in] other  the JSON value to copy
+
+    @post `*this == other`
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a other.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+    - As postcondition, it holds: `other == basic_json(other)`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the copy
+    constructor.,basic_json__basic_json}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(const basic_json& other)
+        : m_type(other.m_type)
+    {
+        // check of passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.object;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.array;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.string;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.boolean;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_integer;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_unsigned;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_float;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.binary;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief move constructor
+
+    Move constructor. Constructs a JSON value with the contents of the given
+    value @a other using move semantics. It "steals" the resources from @a
+    other and leaves it as JSON null value.
+
+    @param[in,out] other  value to move to this object
+
+    @post `*this` has the same value as @a other before the call.
+    @post @a other is a JSON null value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible)
+    requirements.
+
+    @liveexample{The code below shows the move constructor explicitly called
+    via std::move.,basic_json__moveconstructor}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept
+        : m_type(std::move(other.m_type)),
+          m_value(std::move(other.m_value))
+    {
+        // check that passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant(false);
+
+        // invalidate payload
+        other.m_type = value_t::null;
+        other.m_value = {};
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief copy assignment
+
+    Copy assignment operator. Copies a JSON value via the "copy and swap"
+    strategy: It is expressed in terms of the copy constructor, destructor,
+    and the `swap()` member function.
+
+    @param[in] other  value to copy from
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The code below shows and example for the copy assignment. It
+    creates a copy of value `a` which is then swapped with `b`. Finally\, the
+    copy of `a` (which is the null value after the swap) is
+    destroyed.,basic_json__copyassignment}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json& operator=(basic_json other) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        // check that passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant();
+
+        using std::swap;
+        swap(m_type, other.m_type);
+        swap(m_value, other.m_value);
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief destructor
+
+    Destroys the JSON value and frees all allocated memory.
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+    - All stored elements are destroyed and all memory is freed.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    ~basic_json() noexcept
+    {
+        assert_invariant(false);
+        m_value.destroy(m_type);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  public:
+    ///////////////////////
+    // object inspection //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /// @name object inspection
+    /// Functions to inspect the type of a JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief serialization
+
+    Serialization function for JSON values. The function tries to mimic
+    Python's `json.dumps()` function, and currently supports its @a indent
+    and @a ensure_ascii parameters.
+
+    @param[in] indent If indent is nonnegative, then array elements and object
+    members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of
+    `0` will only insert newlines. `-1` (the default) selects the most compact
+    representation.
+    @param[in] indent_char The character to use for indentation if @a indent is
+    greater than `0`. The default is ` ` (space).
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii If @a ensure_ascii is true, all non-ASCII characters
+    in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the result consists
+    of ASCII characters only.
+    @param[in] error_handler  how to react on decoding errors; there are three
+    possible values: `strict` (throws and exception in case a decoding error
+    occurs; default), `replace` (replace invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD),
+    and `ignore` (ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences during serialization; all
+    bytes are copied to the output unchanged).
+
+    @return string containing the serialization of the JSON value
+
+    @throw type_error.316 if a string stored inside the JSON value is not
+                          UTF-8 encoded and @a error_handler is set to strict
+
+    @note Binary values are serialized as object containing two keys:
+      - "bytes": an array of bytes as integers
+      - "subtype": the subtype as integer or "null" if the binary has no subtype
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following example shows the effect of different @a indent\,
+    @a indent_char\, and @a ensure_ascii parameters to the result of the
+    serialization.,dump}
+
+    @see https://docs.python.org/2/library/json.html#json.dump
+
+    @since version 1.0.0; indentation character @a indent_char, option
+           @a ensure_ascii and exceptions added in version 3.0.0; error
+           handlers added in version 3.4.0; serialization of binary values added
+           in version 3.8.0.
+    */
+    string_t dump(const int indent = -1,
+                  const char indent_char = ' ',
+                  const bool ensure_ascii = false,
+                  const error_handler_t error_handler = error_handler_t::strict) const
+    {
+        string_t result;
+        serializer s(detail::output_adapter<char, string_t>(result), indent_char, error_handler);
+
+        if (indent >= 0)
+        {
+            s.dump(*this, true, ensure_ascii, static_cast<unsigned int>(indent));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            s.dump(*this, false, ensure_ascii, 0);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type of the JSON value (explicit)
+
+    Return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref value_t
+    enumeration.
+
+    @return the type of the JSON value
+            Value type                | return value
+            ------------------------- | -------------------------
+            null                      | value_t::null
+            boolean                   | value_t::boolean
+            string                    | value_t::string
+            number (integer)          | value_t::number_integer
+            number (unsigned integer) | value_t::number_unsigned
+            number (floating-point)   | value_t::number_float
+            object                    | value_t::object
+            array                     | value_t::array
+            binary                    | value_t::binary
+            discarded                 | value_t::discarded
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `type()` for all JSON
+    types.,type}
+
+    @sa see @ref operator value_t() -- return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+    @sa see @ref type_name() -- return the type as string
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr value_t type() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether type is primitive
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON type is primitive
+    (string, number, boolean, or null).
+
+    @return `true` if type is primitive (string, number, boolean, or null),
+    `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_primitive()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_primitive}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_structured() -- returns whether JSON value is structured
+    @sa see @ref is_null() -- returns whether JSON value is `null`
+    @sa see @ref is_string() -- returns whether JSON value is a string
+    @sa see @ref is_boolean() -- returns whether JSON value is a boolean
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- returns whether JSON value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_binary() -- returns whether JSON value is a binary array
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_primitive() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_null() || is_string() || is_boolean() || is_number() || is_binary();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether type is structured
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON type is structured
+    (array or object).
+
+    @return `true` if type is structured (array or object), `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_structured()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_structured}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_primitive() -- returns whether value is primitive
+    @sa see @ref is_array() -- returns whether value is an array
+    @sa see @ref is_object() -- returns whether value is an object
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_structured() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() || is_object();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is null
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is null.
+
+    @return `true` if type is null, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_null()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_null}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_null() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::null;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a boolean
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a boolean.
+
+    @return `true` if type is boolean, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_boolean()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_boolean}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_boolean() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::boolean;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a number. This
+    includes both integer (signed and unsigned) and floating-point values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is number (regardless whether integer, unsigned
+    integer or floating-type), `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_number}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer or unsigned
+    integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() || is_number_float();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an integer number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a signed or
+    unsigned integer number. This excludes floating-point values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is an integer or unsigned integer number, `false`
+    otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_integer()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_integer}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_integer() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_integer || m_type == value_t::number_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an unsigned integer number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an unsigned
+    integer number. This excludes floating-point and signed integer values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is an unsigned integer number, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_unsigned()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_unsigned}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer or unsigned
+    integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_unsigned() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a floating-point number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a
+    floating-point number. This excludes signed and unsigned integer values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is a floating-point number, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_float()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_float}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_float() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_float;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an object
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an object.
+
+    @return `true` if type is object, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_object()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_object}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_object() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::object;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an array
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an array.
+
+    @return `true` if type is array, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_array()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_array}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_array() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::array;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a string
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a string.
+
+    @return `true` if type is string, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_string()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_string}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_string() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::string;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a binary array
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a binary array.
+
+    @return `true` if type is binary array, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_binary()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_binary}
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_binary() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::binary;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is discarded
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value was discarded
+    during parsing with a callback function (see @ref parser_callback_t).
+
+    @note This function will always be `false` for JSON values after parsing.
+    That is, discarded values can only occur during parsing, but will be
+    removed when inside a structured value or replaced by null in other cases.
+
+    @return `true` if type is discarded, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_discarded()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_discarded}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_discarded() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::discarded;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+
+    Implicitly return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref
+    value_t enumeration.
+
+    @return the type of the JSON value
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies the @ref value_t operator for
+    all JSON types.,operator__value_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref type() -- return the type of the JSON value (explicit)
+    @sa see @ref type_name() -- return the type as string
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr operator value_t() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  private:
+    //////////////////
+    // value access //
+    //////////////////
+
+    /// get a boolean (explicit)
+    boolean_t get_impl(boolean_t* /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_boolean()))
+        {
+            return m_value.boolean;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be boolean, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (object)
+    object_t* get_impl_ptr(object_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (object)
+    constexpr const object_t* get_impl_ptr(const object_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (array)
+    array_t* get_impl_ptr(array_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (array)
+    constexpr const array_t* get_impl_ptr(const array_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (string)
+    string_t* get_impl_ptr(string_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (string)
+    constexpr const string_t* get_impl_ptr(const string_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
+    boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(boolean_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
+    constexpr const boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(const boolean_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
+    number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(number_integer_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
+    constexpr const number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_integer_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (unsigned number)
+    number_unsigned_t* get_impl_ptr(number_unsigned_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_unsigned() ? &m_value.number_unsigned : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (unsigned number)
+    constexpr const number_unsigned_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_unsigned_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_unsigned() ? &m_value.number_unsigned : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
+    number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(number_float_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
+    constexpr const number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_float_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (binary)
+    binary_t* get_impl_ptr(binary_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_binary() ? m_value.binary : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (binary)
+    constexpr const binary_t* get_impl_ptr(const binary_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_binary() ? m_value.binary : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief helper function to implement get_ref()
+
+    This function helps to implement get_ref() without code duplication for
+    const and non-const overloads
+
+    @tparam ThisType will be deduced as `basic_json` or `const basic_json`
+
+    @throw type_error.303 if ReferenceType does not match underlying value
+    type of the current JSON
+    */
+    template<typename ReferenceType, typename ThisType>
+    static ReferenceType get_ref_impl(ThisType& obj)
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr<>()
+        auto* ptr = obj.template get_ptr<typename std::add_pointer<ReferenceType>::type>();
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(ptr != nullptr))
+        {
+            return *ptr;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(303, "incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " + std::string(obj.type_name()), obj));
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /// @name value access
+    /// Direct access to the stored value of a JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
+    made.
+
+    @warning Writing data to the pointee of the result yields an undefined
+    state.
+
+    @tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
+    object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t,
+    @ref number_unsigned_t, or @ref number_float_t. Enforced by a static
+    assertion.
+
+    @return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
+    JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
+    `nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
+    match.,get_ptr}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    auto get_ptr() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<basic_json_t&>().get_impl_ptr(std::declval<PointerType>()))
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>()
+        return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<PointerType>(nullptr));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (implicit)
+    @copydoc get_ptr()
+    */
+    template < typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value&&
+                   std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<PointerType>::type>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    constexpr auto get_ptr() const noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().get_impl_ptr(std::declval<PointerType>()))
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>() const
+        return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<PointerType>(nullptr));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value
+    which is [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible)
+    and [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible).
+    The value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ValueType ret;
+    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
+    return ret;
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json,
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`, and
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> does not have a `from_json()` method of
+      the form `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,get__ValueType_const}
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_default_constructible<ValueType>::value&&
+                   detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<0> /*unused*/) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), std::declval<ValueType&>())))
+    {
+        ValueType ret{};
+        JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit); special case
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value
+    which is **not** [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible)
+    and **not** [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible).
+    The value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    return JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this);
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json and
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    @note If @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has both overloads of
+    `from_json()`, this one is chosen.
+
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::has_non_default_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<1> /*unused*/) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>())))
+    {
+        return JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get special-case overload
+
+    This overloads converts the current @ref basic_json in a different
+    @ref basic_json type
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType == @ref basic_json
+
+    @return a copy of *this, converted into @a BasicJsonType
+
+    @complexity Depending on the implementation of the called `from_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template < typename BasicJsonType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    BasicJsonType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<2> /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get special-case overload
+
+    This overloads avoids a lot of template boilerplate, it can be seen as the
+    identity method
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType == @ref basic_json
+
+    @return a copy of *this
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType,
+             detail::enable_if_t<
+                 std::is_same<BasicJsonType, basic_json_t>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    basic_json get_impl(detail::priority_tag<3> /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (explicit)
+    @copydoc get()
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType,
+             detail::enable_if_t<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    constexpr auto get_impl(detail::priority_tag<4> /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_ptr<PointerType>())
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr
+        return get_ptr<PointerType>();
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief get a (pointer) value (explicit)
+
+    Performs explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value if required.
+
+    - If the requested type is a pointer to the internally stored JSON value that pointer is returned.
+    No copies are made.
+
+    - If the requested type is the current @ref basic_json, or a different @ref basic_json convertible
+    from the current @ref basic_json.
+
+    - Otherwise the value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()`
+    method.
+
+    @tparam ValueTypeCV the provided value type
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @tparam ValueType if necessary
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws if conversion is required
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueTypeCV, typename ValueType = detail::uncvref_t<ValueTypeCV>>
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14)
+    constexpr
+#endif
+    auto get() const noexcept(
+    noexcept(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {})))
+    -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {}))
+    {
+        // we cannot static_assert on ValueTypeCV being non-const, because
+        // there is support for get<const basic_json_t>(), which is why we
+        // still need the uncvref
+        static_assert(!std::is_reference<ValueTypeCV>::value,
+                      "get() cannot be used with reference types, you might want to use get_ref()");
+        return get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {});
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
+    made.
+
+    @warning The pointer becomes invalid if the underlying JSON object
+    changes.
+
+    @tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
+    object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t,
+    @ref number_unsigned_t, or @ref number_float_t.
+
+    @return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
+    JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
+    `nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
+    match.,get__PointerType}
+
+    @sa see @ref get_ptr() for explicit pointer-member access
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    auto get() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<basic_json_t&>().template get_ptr<PointerType>())
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr
+        return get_ptr<PointerType>();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value.
+    The value is filled into the input parameter by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ValueType v;
+    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, v);
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json,
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`, and
+
+    @tparam ValueType the input parameter type.
+
+    @return the input parameter, allowing chaining calls.
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,get_to}
+
+    @since version 3.3.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>::value&&
+                   detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType & get_to(ValueType& v) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), v)))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, v);
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    // specialization to allow to call get_to with a basic_json value
+    // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2175
+    template<typename ValueType,
+             detail::enable_if_t <
+                 detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    ValueType & get_to(ValueType& v) const
+    {
+        v = *this;
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename T, std::size_t N,
+        typename Array = T (&)[N], // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+        detail::enable_if_t <
+            detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, Array>::value, int > = 0 >
+    Array get_to(T (&v)[N]) const // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+    noexcept(noexcept(JSONSerializer<Array>::from_json(
+                          std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), v)))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<Array>::from_json(*this, v);
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a reference value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
+    are made.
+
+    @warning Writing data to the referee of the result yields an undefined
+    state.
+
+    @tparam ReferenceType reference type; must be a reference to @ref array_t,
+    @ref object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t, or
+    @ref number_float_t. Enforced by static assertion.
+
+    @return reference to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    reference type @a ReferenceType fits to the JSON value; throws
+    type_error.303 otherwise
+
+    @throw type_error.303 in case passed type @a ReferenceType is incompatible
+    with the stored JSON value; see example below
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows several calls to `get_ref()`.,get_ref}
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename ReferenceType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_reference<ReferenceType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    ReferenceType get_ref()
+    {
+        // delegate call to get_ref_impl
+        return get_ref_impl<ReferenceType>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a reference value (implicit)
+    @copydoc get_ref()
+    */
+    template < typename ReferenceType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_reference<ReferenceType>::value&&
+                   std::is_const<typename std::remove_reference<ReferenceType>::type>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    ReferenceType get_ref() const
+    {
+        // delegate call to get_ref_impl
+        return get_ref_impl<ReferenceType>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value.
+    The call is realized by calling @ref get() const.
+
+    @tparam ValueType non-pointer type compatible to the JSON value, for
+    instance `int` for JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or
+    `std::vector` types for JSON arrays. The character type of @ref string_t
+    as well as an initializer list of this type is excluded to avoid
+    ambiguities as these types implicitly convert to `std::string`.
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to type @a ValueType
+
+    @throw type_error.302 in case passed type @a ValueType is incompatible
+    to the JSON value type (e.g., the JSON value is of type boolean, but a
+    string is requested); see example below
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,operator__ValueType}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   detail::conjunction <
+                       detail::negation<std::is_pointer<ValueType>>,
+                       detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, detail::json_ref<basic_json>>>,
+                                        detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, typename string_t::value_type>>,
+                                        detail::negation<detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>>,
+                                        detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::initializer_list<typename string_t::value_type>>>,
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && (defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910 && _MSC_VER <= 1914))
+                                                detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::string_view>>,
+#endif
+                                                detail::is_detected_lazy<detail::get_template_function, const basic_json_t&, ValueType>
+                                                >::value, int >::type = 0 >
+                                        JSON_EXPLICIT operator ValueType() const
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get<>() const
+        return get<ValueType>();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return reference to the binary value
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if the value is not binary
+
+    @sa see @ref is_binary() to check if the value is binary
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    binary_t& get_binary()
+    {
+        if (!is_binary())
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return *get_ptr<binary_t*>();
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc get_binary()
+    const binary_t& get_binary() const
+    {
+        if (!is_binary())
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return *get_ptr<const binary_t*>();
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // element access //
+    ////////////////////
+
+    /// @name element access
+    /// Access to the JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx, with
+    bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an array; in this case,
+    calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
+    that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
+    written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that
+    can be thrown.,at__size_type}
+    */
+    reference at(size_type idx)
+    {
+        // at only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return set_parent(m_value.array->at(idx));
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an array; in this case,
+    calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
+    that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
+    `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that can be thrown.,
+    at__size_type_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(size_type idx) const
+    {
+        // at only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return m_value.array->at(idx);
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key, with
+    bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an object; in this case,
+    calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
+    that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that
+    can be thrown.,at__object_t_key_type}
+    */
+    reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return set_parent(m_value.object->at(key));
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + key + "' not found", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an object; in this case,
+    calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
+    that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that can be thrown.,
+    at__object_t_key_type_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return m_value.object->at(key);
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + key + "' not found", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
+
+    @note If @a idx is beyond the range of the array (i.e., `idx >= size()`),
+    then the array is silently filled up with `null` values to make `idx` a
+    valid reference to the last stored element.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an array or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with an index makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Constant if @a idx is in the range of the array. Otherwise
+    linear in `idx - size()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
+    written using `[]` operator. Note the addition of `null`
+    values.,operatorarray__size_type}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](size_type idx)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value.array = create<array_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // operator[] only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // fill up array with null values if given idx is outside range
+            if (idx >= m_value.array->size())
+            {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                // remember array size before resizing
+                const auto previous_size = m_value.array->size();
+#endif
+                m_value.array->resize(idx + 1);
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                // set parent for values added above
+                set_parents(begin() + static_cast<typename iterator::difference_type>(previous_size), static_cast<typename iterator::difference_type>(idx + 1 - previous_size));
+#endif
+            }
+
+            return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an array; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with an index makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__size_type_const}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](size_type idx) const
+    {
+        // const operator[] only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
+
+    @note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
+    the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
+    In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // operator[] only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return set_parent(m_value.object->operator[](key));
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief read-only access specified object element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
+    bounds checking is performed.
+
+    @warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
+    undefined.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @pre The element with key @a key must exist. **This precondition is
+         enforced with an assertion.**
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
+    {
+        // const operator[] only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end());
+            return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
+
+    @note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
+    the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
+    In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    reference operator[](T* key)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null to object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return set_parent(m_value.object->operator[](key));
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief read-only access specified object element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
+    bounds checking is performed.
+
+    @warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
+    undefined.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @pre The element with key @a key must exist. **This precondition is
+         enforced with an assertion.**
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    const_reference operator[](T* key) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end());
+            return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with default value
+
+    Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key @a key
+    or a given default value if no element with key @a key exists.
+
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    try {
+        return at(key);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Unlike @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&), this function
+    does not throw if the given key @a key was not found.
+
+    @note Unlike @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key), this
+    function does not implicitly add an element to the position defined by @a
+    key. This function is furthermore also applicable to const objects.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+    @param[in] default_value  the value to return if @a key is not found
+
+    @tparam ValueType type compatible to JSON values, for instance `int` for
+    JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or `std::vector` types for
+    JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at @a key and the default
+    value @a default_value must be compatible.
+
+    @return copy of the element at key @a key or @a default_value if @a key
+    is not found
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if @a default_value does not match the type of the
+    value at @a key
+    @throw type_error.306 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be queried
+    with a default value.,basic_json__value}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    // using std::is_convertible in a std::enable_if will fail when using explicit conversions
+    template < class ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   detail::is_getable<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value
+                   && !std::is_same<value_t, ValueType>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    ValueType value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, const ValueType& default_value) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            // if key is found, return value and given default value otherwise
+            const auto it = find(key);
+            if (it != end())
+            {
+                return it->template get<ValueType>();
+            }
+
+            return default_value;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(306, "cannot use value() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief overload for a default value of type const char*
+    @copydoc basic_json::value(const typename object_t::key_type&, const ValueType&) const
+    */
+    string_t value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, const char* default_value) const
+    {
+        return value(key, string_t(default_value));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element via JSON Pointer with default value
+
+    Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key @a key
+    or a given default value if no element with key @a key exists.
+
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    try {
+        return at(ptr);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Unlike @ref at(const json_pointer&), this function does not throw
+    if the given key @a key was not found.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON pointer to the element to access
+    @param[in] default_value  the value to return if @a ptr found no value
+
+    @tparam ValueType type compatible to JSON values, for instance `int` for
+    JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or `std::vector` types for
+    JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at @a key and the default
+    value @a default_value must be compatible.
+
+    @return copy of the element at key @a key or @a default_value if @a key
+    is not found
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if @a default_value does not match the type of the
+    value at @a ptr
+    @throw type_error.306 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be queried
+    with a default value.,basic_json__value_ptr}
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const json_pointer&) for unchecked access by reference
+
+    @since version 2.0.2
+    */
+    template<class ValueType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 detail::is_getable<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    ValueType value(const json_pointer& ptr, const ValueType& default_value) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            // if pointer resolves a value, return it or use default value
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return ptr.get_checked(this).template get<ValueType>();
+            }
+            JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (out_of_range&)
+            {
+                return default_value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(306, "cannot use value() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief overload for a default value of type const char*
+    @copydoc basic_json::value(const json_pointer&, ValueType) const
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    string_t value(const json_pointer& ptr, const char* default_value) const
+    {
+        return value(ptr, string_t(default_value));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access the first element
+
+    Returns a reference to the first element in the container. For a JSON
+    container `c`, the expression `c.front()` is equivalent to `*c.begin()`.
+
+    @return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
+    first element is returned. In case of number, string, boolean, or binary
+    values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @pre The JSON value must not be `null` (would throw `std::out_of_range`)
+    or an empty array or object (undefined behavior, **guarded by
+    assertions**).
+    @post The JSON value remains unchanged.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.214 when called on `null` value
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `front()`.,front}
+
+    @sa see @ref back() -- access the last element
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference front()
+    {
+        return *begin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::front()
+    */
+    const_reference front() const
+    {
+        return *cbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access the last element
+
+    Returns a reference to the last element in the container. For a JSON
+    container `c`, the expression `c.back()` is equivalent to
+    @code {.cpp}
+    auto tmp = c.end();
+    --tmp;
+    return *tmp;
+    @endcode
+
+    @return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
+    last element is returned. In case of number, string, boolean, or binary
+    values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @pre The JSON value must not be `null` (would throw `std::out_of_range`)
+    or an empty array or object (undefined behavior, **guarded by
+    assertions**).
+    @post The JSON value remains unchanged.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.214 when called on a `null` value. See example
+    below.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `back()`.,back}
+
+    @sa see @ref front() -- access the first element
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference back()
+    {
+        auto tmp = end();
+        --tmp;
+        return *tmp;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::back()
+    */
+    const_reference back() const
+    {
+        auto tmp = cend();
+        --tmp;
+        return *tmp;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element given an iterator
+
+    Removes the element specified by iterator @a pos. The iterator @a pos must
+    be valid and dereferenceable. Thus the `end()` iterator (which is valid,
+    but is not dereferenceable) cannot be used as a value for @a pos.
+
+    If called on a primitive type other than `null`, the resulting JSON value
+    will be `null`.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator to the element to remove
+    @return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a
+    pos refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator is returned.
+
+    @tparam IteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
+
+    @post Invalidates iterators and references at or after the point of the
+    erase, including the `end()` iterator.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
+    erase() with null"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if called on an iterator which does not belong
+    to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current
+    value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.205 if called on a primitive type with invalid
+    iterator (i.e., any iterator which is not `begin()`); example: `"iterator
+    out of range"`
+
+    @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
+    - objects: amortized constant
+    - arrays: linear in distance between @a pos and the end of the container
+    - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+    - other types: constant
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `erase()` for different JSON
+    types.,erase__IteratorType}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class IteratorType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type
+               = 0 >
+    IteratorType erase(IteratorType pos)
+    {
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(this != pos.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        IteratorType result = end();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!pos.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(205, "iterator out of range", *this));
+                }
+
+                if (is_string())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.string, 1);
+                    m_value.string = nullptr;
+                }
+                else if (is_binary())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.binary, 1);
+                    m_value.binary = nullptr;
+                }
+
+                m_type = value_t::null;
+                assert_invariant();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(pos.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(pos.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove elements given an iterator range
+
+    Removes the element specified by the range `[first; last)`. The iterator
+    @a first does not need to be dereferenceable if `first == last`: erasing
+    an empty range is a no-op.
+
+    If called on a primitive type other than `null`, the resulting JSON value
+    will be `null`.
+
+    @param[in] first iterator to the beginning of the range to remove
+    @param[in] last iterator past the end of the range to remove
+    @return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a
+    second refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator is returned.
+
+    @tparam IteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
+
+    @post Invalidates iterators and references at or after the point of the
+    erase, including the `end()` iterator.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
+    erase() with null"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.203 if called on iterators which does not belong
+    to the current JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit current value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.204 if called on a primitive type with invalid
+    iterators (i.e., if `first != begin()` and `last != end()`); example:
+    `"iterators out of range"`
+
+    @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
+    - objects: `log(size()) + std::distance(first, last)`
+    - arrays: linear in the distance between @a first and @a last, plus linear
+      in the distance between @a last and end of the container
+    - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+    - other types: constant
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `erase()` for different JSON
+    types.,erase__IteratorType_IteratorType}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class IteratorType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type
+               = 0 >
+    IteratorType erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(this != first.m_object || this != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(203, "iterators do not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        IteratorType result = end();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(!first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()
+                                       || !last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(204, "iterators out of range", *this));
+                }
+
+                if (is_string())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.string, 1);
+                    m_value.string = nullptr;
+                }
+                else if (is_binary())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.binary, 1);
+                    m_value.binary = nullptr;
+                }
+
+                m_type = value_t::null;
+                assert_invariant();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(first.m_it.object_iterator,
+                                              last.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(first.m_it.array_iterator,
+                                             last.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element from a JSON object given a key
+
+    Removes elements from a JSON object with the key value @a key.
+
+    @param[in] key value of the elements to remove
+
+    @return Number of elements removed. If @a ObjectType is the default
+    `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was not
+    found) or `1` (@a key was found).
+
+    @post References and iterators to the erased elements are invalidated.
+    Other references and iterators are not affected.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 when called on a type other than JSON object;
+    example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+
+    @complexity `log(size()) + count(key)`
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the effect of `erase()`.,erase__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type erase(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // this erase only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return m_value.object->erase(key);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element from a JSON array given an index
+
+    Removes element from a JSON array at the index @a idx.
+
+    @param[in] idx index of the element to remove
+
+    @throw type_error.307 when called on a type other than JSON object;
+    example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+    @throw out_of_range.401 when `idx >= size()`; example: `"array index 17
+    is out of range"`
+
+    @complexity Linear in distance between @a idx and the end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the effect of `erase()`.,erase__size_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void erase(const size_type idx)
+    {
+        // this erase only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx >= size()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+
+            m_value.array->erase(m_value.array->begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(idx));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ////////////
+    // lookup //
+    ////////////
+
+    /// @name lookup
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief find an element in a JSON object
+
+    Finds an element in a JSON object with key equivalent to @a key. If the
+    element is not found or the JSON value is not an object, end() is
+    returned.
+
+    @note This method always returns @ref end() when executed on a JSON type
+          that is not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value of the element to search for.
+
+    @return Iterator to an element with key equivalent to @a key. If no such
+    element is found or the JSON value is not an object, past-the-end (see
+    @ref end()) iterator is returned.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `find()` is used.,find__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref contains(KeyT&&) const -- checks whether a key exists
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    iterator find(KeyT&& key)
+    {
+        auto result = end();
+
+        if (is_object())
+        {
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief find an element in a JSON object
+    @copydoc find(KeyT&&)
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    const_iterator find(KeyT&& key) const
+    {
+        auto result = cend();
+
+        if (is_object())
+        {
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the number of occurrences of a key in a JSON object
+
+    Returns the number of elements with key @a key. If ObjectType is the
+    default `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was
+    not found) or `1` (@a key was found).
+
+    @note This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is
+          not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value of the element to count
+
+    @return Number of elements with key @a key. If the JSON value is not an
+    object, the return value will be `0`.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `count()` is used.,count}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    size_type count(KeyT&& key) const
+    {
+        // return 0 for all nonobject types
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object->count(std::forward<KeyT>(key)) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object
+
+    Check whether an element exists in a JSON object with key equivalent to
+    @a key. If the element is not found or the JSON value is not an object,
+    false is returned.
+
+    @note This method always returns false when executed on a JSON type
+          that is not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value to check its existence.
+
+    @return true if an element with specified @a key exists. If no such
+    element with such key is found or the JSON value is not an object,
+    false is returned.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `contains()`.,contains}
+
+    @sa see @ref find(KeyT&&) -- returns an iterator to an object element
+    @sa see @ref contains(const json_pointer&) const -- checks the existence for a JSON pointer
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    template < typename KeyT, typename std::enable_if <
+                   !std::is_same<typename std::decay<KeyT>::type, json_pointer>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    bool contains(KeyT && key) const
+    {
+        return is_object() && m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key)) != m_value.object->end();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object given a JSON pointer
+
+    Check whether the given JSON pointer @a ptr can be resolved in the current
+    JSON value.
+
+    @note This method can be executed on any JSON value type.
+
+    @param[in] ptr JSON pointer to check its existence.
+
+    @return true if the JSON pointer can be resolved to a stored value, false
+    otherwise.
+
+    @post If `j.contains(ptr)` returns true, it is safe to call `j[ptr]`.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `contains()`.,contains_json_pointer}
+
+    @sa see @ref contains(KeyT &&) const -- checks the existence of a key
+
+    @since version 3.7.0
+    */
+    bool contains(const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.contains(this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ///////////////
+    // iterators //
+    ///////////////
+
+    /// @name iterators
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the first element
+
+    Returns an iterator to the first element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return iterator to the first element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `begin()`.,begin}
+
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        result.set_begin();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::cbegin()
+    */
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return cbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const iterator to the first element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to the first element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return const iterator to the first element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).begin()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `cbegin()`.,cbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        const_iterator result(this);
+        result.set_begin();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to one past the last element
+
+    Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return iterator one past the last element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `end()`.,end}
+
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        result.set_end();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::cend()
+    */
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return cend();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const iterator to one past the last element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to one past the last element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return const iterator one past the last element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).end()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `cend()`.,cend}
+
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        const_iterator result(this);
+        result.set_end();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning
+
+    Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(end())`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `rbegin()`.,rbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(end());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::crbegin()
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return crbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the reverse-end
+
+    Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first
+    element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(begin())`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `rend()`.,rend}
+
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reverse_iterator rend() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(begin());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::crend()
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return crend();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const reverse iterator to the last element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last
+    element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rbegin()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `crbegin()`.,crbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(cend());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const reverse iterator to one before the first
+
+    Returns a const reverse iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before
+    the first element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rend()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `crend()`.,crend}
+
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin());
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief wrapper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
+
+    This function allows to access @ref iterator::key() and @ref
+    iterator::value() during range-based for loops. In these loops, a
+    reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the
+    underlying iterator.
+
+    For loop without iterator_wrapper:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it = j_object.begin(); it != j_object.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop without iterator proxy:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : j_object)
+    {
+        // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+        std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop with iterator proxy:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : json::iterator_wrapper(j_object))
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the
+          element as string (see example).
+
+    @param[in] ref  reference to a JSON value
+    @return iteration proxy object wrapping @a ref with an interface to use in
+            range-based for loops
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how the wrapper is used,iterator_wrapper}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @note The name of this function is not yet final and may change in the
+    future.
+
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                future 4.0.0 of the library. Please use @ref items() instead;
+                that is, replace `json::iterator_wrapper(j)` with `j.items()`.
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.1.0, items())
+    static iteration_proxy<iterator> iterator_wrapper(reference ref) noexcept
+    {
+        return ref.items();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc iterator_wrapper(reference)
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.1.0, items())
+    static iteration_proxy<const_iterator> iterator_wrapper(const_reference ref) noexcept
+    {
+        return ref.items();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief helper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
+
+    This function allows to access @ref iterator::key() and @ref
+    iterator::value() during range-based for loops. In these loops, a
+    reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the
+    underlying iterator.
+
+    For loop without `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it = j_object.begin(); it != j_object.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop without `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : j_object)
+    {
+        // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+        std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop with `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto& el : j_object.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << el.key() << ", value:" << el.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    The `items()` function also allows to use
+    [structured bindings](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/structured_binding)
+    (C++17):
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << key << ", value:" << val << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the
+          element as string (see example). For primitive types (e.g., numbers),
+          `key()` returns an empty string.
+
+    @warning Using `items()` on temporary objects is dangerous. Make sure the
+             object's lifetime exeeds the iteration. See
+             <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2040> for more
+             information.
+
+    @return iteration proxy object wrapping @a ref with an interface to use in
+            range-based for loops
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how the function is used.,items}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 3.1.0, structured bindings support since 3.5.0.
+    */
+    iteration_proxy<iterator> items() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy<iterator>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc items()
+    */
+    iteration_proxy<const_iterator> items() const noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy<const_iterator>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    //////////////
+    // capacity //
+    //////////////
+
+    /// @name capacity
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief checks whether the container is empty.
+
+    Checks if a JSON value has no elements (i.e. whether its @ref size is `0`).
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `true`
+            boolean     | `false`
+            string      | `false`
+            number      | `false`
+            binary      | `false`
+            object      | result of function `object_t::empty()`
+            array       | result of function `array_t::empty()`
+
+    @liveexample{The following code uses `empty()` to check if a JSON
+    object contains any elements.,empty}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their `empty()` functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @note This function does not return whether a string stored as JSON value
+    is empty - it returns whether the JSON container itself is empty which is
+    false in the case of a string.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `begin() == end()`.
+
+    @sa see @ref size() -- returns the number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // null values are empty
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::empty()
+                return m_value.array->empty();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::empty()
+                return m_value.object->empty();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types are nonempty
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the number of elements
+
+    Returns the number of elements in a JSON value.
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `0`
+            boolean     | `1`
+            string      | `1`
+            number      | `1`
+            binary      | `1`
+            object      | result of function object_t::size()
+            array       | result of function array_t::size()
+
+    @liveexample{The following code calls `size()` on the different value
+    types.,size}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their size() functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @note This function does not return the length of a string stored as JSON
+    value - it returns the number of elements in the JSON value which is 1 in
+    the case of a string.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `std::distance(begin(), end())`.
+
+    @sa see @ref empty() -- checks whether the container is empty
+    @sa see @ref max_size() -- returns the maximal number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type size() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // null values are empty
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::size()
+                return m_value.array->size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::size()
+                return m_value.object->size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types have size 1
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the maximum possible number of elements
+
+    Returns the maximum number of elements a JSON value is able to hold due to
+    system or library implementation limitations, i.e. `std::distance(begin(),
+    end())` for the JSON value.
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `0` (same as `size()`)
+            boolean     | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            string      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            number      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            binary      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            object      | result of function `object_t::max_size()`
+            array       | result of function `array_t::max_size()`
+
+    @liveexample{The following code calls `max_size()` on the different value
+    types. Note the output is implementation specific.,max_size}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their `max_size()` functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of returning `b.size()` where `b` is the largest
+      possible JSON value.
+
+    @sa see @ref size() -- returns the number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::max_size()
+                return m_value.array->max_size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::max_size()
+                return m_value.object->max_size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types have max_size() == size()
+                return size();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ///////////////
+    // modifiers //
+    ///////////////
+
+    /// @name modifiers
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief clears the contents
+
+    Clears the content of a JSON value and resets it to the default value as
+    if @ref basic_json(value_t) would have been called with the current value
+    type from @ref type():
+
+    Value type  | initial value
+    ----------- | -------------
+    null        | `null`
+    boolean     | `false`
+    string      | `""`
+    number      | `0`
+    binary      | An empty byte vector
+    object      | `{}`
+    array       | `[]`
+
+    @post Has the same effect as calling
+    @code {.cpp}
+    *this = basic_json(type());
+    @endcode
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows the effect of `clear()` to different
+    JSON types.,clear}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+    @iterators All iterators, pointers and references related to this container
+               are invalidated.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(value_t) -- constructor that creates an object with the
+        same value than calling `clear()`
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void clear() noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value.number_integer = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value.number_unsigned = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value.number_float = 0.0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value.boolean = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value.string->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value.binary->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value.array->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value.object->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+
+    Appends the given element @a val to the end of the JSON value. If the
+    function is called on a JSON null value, an empty array is created before
+    appending @a val.
+
+    @param[in] val the value to add to the JSON array
+
+    @throw type_error.308 when called on a type other than JSON array or
+    null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to
+    add elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was silently
+    converted to a JSON array.,push_back}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void push_back(basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (move semantics)
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->push_back(std::move(val));
+        set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+        // if val is moved from, basic_json move constructor marks it null so we do not call the destructor
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        push_back(std::move(val));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    void push_back(const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->push_back(val);
+        set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        push_back(val);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+
+    Inserts the given element @a val to the JSON object. If the function is
+    called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before inserting
+    @a val.
+
+    @param[in] val the value to add to the JSON object
+
+    @throw type_error.308 when called on a type other than JSON object or
+    null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to
+    add elements to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value was silently
+    converted to a JSON object.,push_back__object_t__value}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void push_back(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_object())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to object
+        auto res = m_value.object->insert(val);
+        set_parent(res.first->second);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+    @copydoc push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
+    {
+        push_back(val);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+
+    This function allows to use `push_back` with an initializer list. In case
+
+    1. the current value is an object,
+    2. the initializer list @a init contains only two elements, and
+    3. the first element of @a init is a string,
+
+    @a init is converted into an object element and added using
+    @ref push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&). Otherwise, @a init
+    is converted to a JSON value and added using @ref push_back(basic_json&&).
+
+    @param[in] init  an initializer list
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the initializer list @a init.
+
+    @note This function is required to resolve an ambiguous overload error,
+          because pairs like `{"key", "value"}` can be both interpreted as
+          `object_t::value_type` or `std::initializer_list<basic_json>`, see
+          https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/235 for more information.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how initializer lists are treated as
+    objects when possible.,push_back__initializer_list}
+    */
+    void push_back(initializer_list_t init)
+    {
+        if (is_object() && init.size() == 2 && (*init.begin())->is_string())
+        {
+            basic_json&& key = init.begin()->moved_or_copied();
+            push_back(typename object_t::value_type(
+                          std::move(key.get_ref<string_t&>()), (init.begin() + 1)->moved_or_copied()));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            push_back(basic_json(init));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+    @copydoc push_back(initializer_list_t)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(initializer_list_t init)
+    {
+        push_back(init);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+
+    Creates a JSON value from the passed parameters @a args to the end of the
+    JSON value. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an empty array
+    is created before appending the value created from @a args.
+
+    @param[in] args arguments to forward to a constructor of @ref basic_json
+    @tparam Args compatible types to create a @ref basic_json object
+
+    @return reference to the inserted element
+
+    @throw type_error.311 when called on a type other than JSON array or
+    null; example: `"cannot use emplace_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` can be used to add
+    elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was silently converted
+    to a JSON array.,emplace_back}
+
+    @since version 2.0.8, returns reference since 3.7.0
+    */
+    template<class... Args>
+    reference emplace_back(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        // emplace_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(311, "cannot use emplace_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (perfect forwarding)
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object if key does not exist
+
+    Inserts a new element into a JSON object constructed in-place with the
+    given @a args if there is no element with the key in the container. If the
+    function is called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before
+    appending the value created from @a args.
+
+    @param[in] args arguments to forward to a constructor of @ref basic_json
+    @tparam Args compatible types to create a @ref basic_json object
+
+    @return a pair consisting of an iterator to the inserted element, or the
+            already-existing element if no insertion happened, and a bool
+            denoting whether the insertion took place.
+
+    @throw type_error.311 when called on a type other than JSON object or
+    null; example: `"cannot use emplace() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `emplace()` can be used to add elements
+    to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value was silently converted to a
+    JSON object. Further note how no value is added if there was already one
+    value stored with the same key.,emplace}
+
+    @since version 2.0.8
+    */
+    template<class... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        // emplace only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_object())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(311, "cannot use emplace() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (perfect forwarding)
+        auto res = m_value.object->emplace(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        set_parent(res.first->second);
+
+        // create result iterator and set iterator to the result of emplace
+        auto it = begin();
+        it.m_it.object_iterator = res.first;
+
+        // return pair of iterator and boolean
+        return {it, res.second};
+    }
+
+    /// Helper for insertion of an iterator
+    /// @note: This uses std::distance to support GCC 4.8,
+    ///        see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1257
+    template<typename... Args>
+    iterator insert_iterator(const_iterator pos, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_value.array != nullptr);
+
+        auto insert_pos = std::distance(m_value.array->begin(), pos.m_it.array_iterator);
+        m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->begin() + insert_pos;
+
+        // This could have been written as:
+        // result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, cnt, val);
+        // but the return value of insert is missing in GCC 4.8, so it is written this way instead.
+
+        set_parents();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts element
+
+    Inserts element @a val before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] val element to insert
+    @return iterator pointing to the inserted @a val.
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays;
+    example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between @a pos and end of
+    the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+            }
+
+            // insert to array and return iterator
+            return insert_iterator(pos, val);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts element
+    @copydoc insert(const_iterator, const basic_json&)
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        return insert(pos, val);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts @a cnt copies of @a val before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] cnt number of copies of @a val to insert
+    @param[in] val element to insert
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `cnt==0`
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @complexity Linear in @a cnt plus linear in the distance between @a pos
+    and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__count}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+            }
+
+            // insert to array and return iterator
+            return insert_iterator(pos, cnt, val);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.211 if @a first or @a last are iterators into
+    container for which insert is called; example: `"passed iterators may not
+    belong to container"`
+
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `first==last`
+
+    @complexity Linear in `std::distance(first, last)` plus linear in the
+    distance between @a pos and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__range}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object == this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(211, "passed iterators may not belong to container", *this));
+        }
+
+        // insert to array and return iterator
+        return insert_iterator(pos, first.m_it.array_iterator, last.m_it.array_iterator);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from initializer list @a ilist before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] ilist initializer list to insert the values from
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `ilist` is empty
+
+    @complexity Linear in `ilist.size()` plus linear in the distance between
+    @a pos and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__ilist}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, initializer_list_t ilist)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        // insert to array and return iterator
+        return insert_iterator(pos, ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from range `[first, last)`.
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if iterator @a first or @a last does does not
+    point to an object; example: `"iterators first and last must point to
+    objects"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic: `O(N*log(size() + N))`, where `N` is the number
+    of elements to insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__range_object}
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void insert(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // insert only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        // passed iterators must belong to objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterators first and last must point to objects", *this));
+        }
+
+        m_value.object->insert(first.m_it.object_iterator, last.m_it.object_iterator);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief updates a JSON object from another object, overwriting existing keys
+
+    Inserts all values from JSON object @a j and overwrites existing keys.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON object to read values from
+
+    @throw type_error.312 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use update() with string"`
+
+    @complexity O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to
+                insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `update()` is used.,update}
+
+    @sa https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void update(const_reference j)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(j.type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = j.cbegin(); it != j.cend(); ++it)
+        {
+            m_value.object->operator[](it.key()) = it.value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief updates a JSON object from another object, overwriting existing keys
+
+    Inserts all values from from range `[first, last)` and overwrites existing
+    keys.
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.312 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use update() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if iterator @a first or @a last does does not
+    point to an object; example: `"iterators first and last must point to
+    objects"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+    @complexity O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to
+                insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `update()` is used__range.,update}
+
+    @sa https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void update(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        // passed iterators must belong to objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_object->is_object()
+                                 || !last.m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterators first and last must point to objects", *this));
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            m_value.object->operator[](it.key()) = it.value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of the JSON value with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other JSON value to exchange the contents with
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__reference}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(reference other) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        std::swap(m_type, other.m_type);
+        std::swap(m_value, other.m_value);
+
+        set_parents();
+        other.set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of the JSON value from @a left with those of @a right. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated. implemented as a friend function callable via ADL.
+
+    @param[in,out] left JSON value to exchange the contents with
+    @param[in,out] right JSON value to exchange the contents with
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__reference}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend void swap(reference left, reference right) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        left.swap(right);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON array with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other array to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not an array; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with string"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how arrays can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__array_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(array_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.array), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON object with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other object to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not an object; example:
+    `"cannot use swap() with string"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how objects can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__object_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(object_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.object), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON string with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other string to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not a string; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with boolean"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how strings can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__string_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(string_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_string()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.string), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON string with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other binary to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not a string; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with boolean"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how strings can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__binary_t}
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void swap(binary_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_binary()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.binary), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc swap(binary_t&)
+    void swap(typename binary_t::container_type& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_binary()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.binary), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  public:
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+    // lexicographical comparison operators //
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name lexicographical comparison operators
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+
+    Compares two JSON values for equality according to the following rules:
+    - Two JSON values are equal if (1) they are from the same type and (2)
+      their stored values are the same according to their respective
+      `operator==`.
+    - Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
+      comparison. Note that two NaN values are always treated as unequal.
+    - Two JSON null values are equal.
+
+    @note Floating-point inside JSON values numbers are compared with
+    `json::number_float_t::operator==` which is `double::operator==` by
+    default. To compare floating-point while respecting an epsilon, an alternative
+    [comparison function](https://github.com/mariokonrad/marnav/blob/master/include/marnav/math/floatingpoint.hpp#L34-#L39)
+    could be used, for instance
+    @code {.cpp}
+    template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, T>::type>
+    inline bool is_same(T a, T b, T epsilon = std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon()) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::abs(a - b) <= epsilon;
+    }
+    @endcode
+    Or you can self-defined operator equal function like this:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    bool my_equal(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) {
+    const auto lhs_type lhs.type();
+    const auto rhs_type rhs.type();
+    if (lhs_type == rhs_type) {
+        switch(lhs_type)
+            // self_defined case
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return std::abs(lhs - rhs) <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
+            // other cases remain the same with the original
+            ...
+    }
+    ...
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note NaN values never compare equal to themselves or to other NaN values.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are equal
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__equal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
+
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch (lhs_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.array == *rhs.m_value.array;
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.object == *rhs.m_value.object;
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return true;
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.string == *rhs.m_value.string;
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return lhs.m_value.boolean == rhs.m_value.boolean;
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_integer == rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_unsigned == rhs.m_value.number_unsigned;
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_float == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.binary == *rhs.m_value.binary;
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer) == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float == static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float == static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_integer_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) == rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_integer == static_cast<number_integer_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs == basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) == rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+
+    Compares two JSON values for inequality by calculating `not (lhs == rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are not equal
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__notequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs == rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs != basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) != rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than another JSON value @a
+    rhs according to the following rules:
+    - If @a lhs and @a rhs have the same type, the values are compared using
+      the default `<` operator.
+    - Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
+      comparison
+    - In case @a lhs and @a rhs have different types, the values are ignored
+      and the order of the types is considered, see
+      @ref operator<(const value_t, const value_t).
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is less than @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__less}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator<(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
+
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch (lhs_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                    // note parentheses are necessary, see
+                    // https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1530
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.array) < (*rhs.m_value.array);
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.object) < (*rhs.m_value.object);
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return false;
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.string) < (*rhs.m_value.string);
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.boolean) < (rhs.m_value.boolean);
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_integer) < (rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < (rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_float) < (rhs.m_value.number_float);
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.binary) < (*rhs.m_value.binary);
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer) < rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float < static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float < static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_integer < static_cast<number_integer_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_integer_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+        }
+
+        // We only reach this line if we cannot compare values. In that case,
+        // we compare types. Note we have to call the operator explicitly,
+        // because MSVC has problems otherwise.
+        return operator<(lhs_type, rhs_type);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+    @copydoc operator<(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs < basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+    @copydoc operator<(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) < rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than or equal to another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (rhs < lhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is less than or equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__greater}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(rhs < lhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @copydoc operator<=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs <= basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @copydoc operator<=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) <= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (lhs <= rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is greater than to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__lessequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator>(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs <= rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @copydoc operator>(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs > basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @copydoc operator>(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) > rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than or equal to another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (lhs < rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is greater than or equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__greaterequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs < rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @copydoc operator>=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs >= basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @copydoc operator>=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) >= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    ///////////////////
+    // serialization //
+    ///////////////////
+
+    /// @name serialization
+    /// @{
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    /*!
+    @brief serialize to stream
+
+    Serialize the given JSON value @a j to the output stream @a o. The JSON
+    value will be serialized using the @ref dump member function.
+
+    - The indentation of the output can be controlled with the member variable
+      `width` of the output stream @a o. For instance, using the manipulator
+      `std::setw(4)` on @a o sets the indentation level to `4` and the
+      serialization result is the same as calling `dump(4)`.
+
+    - The indentation character can be controlled with the member variable
+      `fill` of the output stream @a o. For instance, the manipulator
+      `std::setfill('\\t')` sets indentation to use a tab character rather than
+      the default space character.
+
+    @param[in,out] o  stream to serialize to
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+
+    @return the stream @a o
+
+    @throw type_error.316 if a string stored inside the JSON value is not
+                          UTF-8 encoded
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows the serialization with different
+    parameters to `width` to adjust the indentation level.,operator_serialize}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0; indentation character added in version 3.0.0
+    */
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        // read width member and use it as indentation parameter if nonzero
+        const bool pretty_print = o.width() > 0;
+        const auto indentation = pretty_print ? o.width() : 0;
+
+        // reset width to 0 for subsequent calls to this stream
+        o.width(0);
+
+        // do the actual serialization
+        serializer s(detail::output_adapter<char>(o), o.fill());
+        s.dump(j, pretty_print, false, static_cast<unsigned int>(indentation));
+        return o;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief serialize to stream
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                future 4.0.0 of the library. Please use
+                @ref operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)
+                instead; that is, replace calls like `j >> o;` with `o << j;`.
+    @since version 1.0.0; deprecated since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.0.0, operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&))
+    friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json& j, std::ostream& o)
+    {
+        return o << j;
+    }
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // deserialization //
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// @name deserialization
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from a compatible input
+
+    @tparam InputType A compatible input, for instance
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i  input to read from
+    @param[in] cb  a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
+    which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
+    (optional)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser callback function
+    @a cb or reading from the input @a i has a super-linear complexity.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading
+    from an array.,parse__array__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with
+    and without callback function.,parse__string__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with
+    and without callback function.,parse__istream__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading
+    from a contiguous container.,parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @since version 2.0.3 (contiguous containers); version 3.9.0 allowed to
+    ignore comments.
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json parse(InputType&& i,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i)), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from a pair of character iterators
+
+    The value_type of the iterator must be a integral type with size of 1, 2 or
+    4 bytes, which will be interpreted respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+
+    @param[in] first iterator to start of character range
+    @param[in] last  iterator to end of character range
+    @param[in] cb  a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
+    which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
+    (optional)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json parse(IteratorType first,
+                            IteratorType last,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last)), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, parse(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json parse(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(i.get(), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check if the input is valid JSON
+
+    Unlike the @ref parse(InputType&&, const parser_callback_t,const bool)
+    function, this function neither throws an exception in case of invalid JSON
+    input (i.e., a parse error) nor creates diagnostic information.
+
+    @tparam InputType A compatible input, for instance
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i input to read from
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return Whether the input read from @a i is valid JSON.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `accept()` function reading
+    from a string.,accept__string}
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    static bool accept(InputType&& i,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i)), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    static bool accept(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last)), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, accept(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static bool accept(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(i.get(), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief generate SAX events
+
+    The SAX event lister must follow the interface of @ref json_sax.
+
+    This function reads from a compatible input. Examples are:
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i  input to read from
+    @param[in,out] sax  SAX event listener
+    @param[in] format  the format to parse (JSON, CBOR, MessagePack, or UBJSON)
+    @param[in] strict  whether the input has to be consumed completely
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default); only applies to the JSON file format.
+
+    @return return value of the last processed SAX event
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the SAX consumer @a sax has
+    a super-linear complexity.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `sax_parse()` function
+    reading from string and processing the events with a user-defined SAX
+    event consumer.,sax_parse}
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template <typename InputType, typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static bool sax_parse(InputType&& i, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+
+    template<class IteratorType, class SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    static bool sax_parse(IteratorType first, IteratorType last, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+
+    template <typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, sax_parse(ptr, ptr + len, ...))
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static bool sax_parse(detail::span_input_adapter&& i, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from stream
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                version 4.0.0 of the library. Please use
+                @ref operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)
+                instead; that is, replace calls like `j << i;` with `i >> j;`.
+    @since version 1.0.0; deprecated since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.0.0, operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&))
+    friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json& j, std::istream& i)
+    {
+        return operator>>(i, j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from stream
+
+    Deserializes an input stream to a JSON value.
+
+    @param[in,out] i  input stream to read a serialized JSON value from
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write the deserialized input to
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 in case of an unexpected token
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how a JSON value is constructed by
+    reading a serialization from a stream.,operator_deserialize}
+
+    @sa parse(std::istream&, const parser_callback_t) for a variant with a
+    parser callback function to filter values while parsing
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& i, basic_json& j)
+    {
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(i)).parse(false, j);
+        return i;
+    }
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+    /// @}
+
+    ///////////////////////////
+    // convenience functions //
+    ///////////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type as string
+
+    Returns the type name as string to be used in error messages - usually to
+    indicate that a function was called on a wrong JSON type.
+
+    @return a string representation of a the @a m_type member:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `"null"`
+            boolean     | `"boolean"`
+            string      | `"string"`
+            number      | `"number"` (for all number types)
+            object      | `"object"`
+            array       | `"array"`
+            binary      | `"binary"`
+            discarded   | `"discarded"`
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `type_name()` for all JSON
+    types.,type_name}
+
+    @sa see @ref type() -- return the type of the JSON value
+    @sa see @ref operator value_t() -- return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0, public since 2.1.0, `const char*` and `noexcept`
+    since 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    const char* type_name() const noexcept
+    {
+        {
+            switch (m_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return "null";
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return "object";
+                case value_t::array:
+                    return "array";
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return "string";
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return "boolean";
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return "binary";
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                    return "discarded";
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                default:
+                    return "number";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    //////////////////////
+    // member variables //
+    //////////////////////
+
+    /// the type of the current element
+    value_t m_type = value_t::null;
+
+    /// the value of the current element
+    json_value m_value = {};
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+    /// a pointer to a parent value (for debugging purposes)
+    basic_json* m_parent = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+    // binary serialization/deserialization //
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name binary serialization/deserialization support
+    /// @{
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a CBOR serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the CBOR (Concise
+    Binary Object Representation) serialization format. CBOR is a binary
+    serialization format which aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet
+    more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    CBOR types according to the CBOR specification (RFC 7049):
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                                | CBOR type                          | first byte
+    --------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ---------------
+    null            | `null`                                     | Null                               | 0xF6
+    boolean         | `true`                                     | True                               | 0xF5
+    boolean         | `false`                                    | False                              | 0xF4
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649          | Negative integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x3B
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769                        | Negative integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x3A
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                               | Negative integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x39
+    number_integer  | -128..-25                                  | Negative integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x38
+    number_integer  | -24..-1                                    | Negative integer                   | 0x20..0x37
+    number_integer  | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+    number_integer  | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+    number_integer  | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+    number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+    number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+    number_unsigned | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+    number_unsigned | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+    number_unsigned | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+    number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+    number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+    number_float    | *any value representable by a float*       | Single-Precision Float             | 0xFA
+    number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float*   | Double-Precision Float             | 0xFB
+    string          | *length*: 0..23                            | UTF-8 string                       | 0x60..0x77
+    string          | *length*: 23..255                          | UTF-8 string (1 byte follow)       | 0x78
+    string          | *length*: 256..65535                       | UTF-8 string (2 bytes follow)      | 0x79
+    string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295                | UTF-8 string (4 bytes follow)      | 0x7A
+    string          | *length*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | UTF-8 string (8 bytes follow)      | 0x7B
+    array           | *size*: 0..23                              | array                              | 0x80..0x97
+    array           | *size*: 23..255                            | array (1 byte follow)              | 0x98
+    array           | *size*: 256..65535                         | array (2 bytes follow)             | 0x99
+    array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | array (4 bytes follow)             | 0x9A
+    array           | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | array (8 bytes follow)             | 0x9B
+    object          | *size*: 0..23                              | map                                | 0xA0..0xB7
+    object          | *size*: 23..255                            | map (1 byte follow)                | 0xB8
+    object          | *size*: 256..65535                         | map (2 bytes follow)               | 0xB9
+    object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | map (4 bytes follow)               | 0xBA
+    object          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | map (8 bytes follow)               | 0xBB
+    binary          | *size*: 0..23                              | byte string                        | 0x40..0x57
+    binary          | *size*: 23..255                            | byte string (1 byte follow)        | 0x58
+    binary          | *size*: 256..65535                         | byte string (2 bytes follow)       | 0x59
+    binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | byte string (4 bytes follow)       | 0x5A
+    binary          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | byte string (8 bytes follow)       | 0x5B
+
+    Binary values with subtype are mapped to tagged values (0xD8..0xDB)
+    depending on the subtype, followed by a byte string, see "binary" cells
+    in the table above.
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a CBOR value.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @note The following CBOR types are not used in the conversion:
+          - UTF-8 strings terminated by "break" (0x7F)
+          - arrays terminated by "break" (0x9F)
+          - maps terminated by "break" (0xBF)
+          - byte strings terminated by "break" (0x5F)
+          - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+          - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+          - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+          - bigfloat (0xC5)
+          - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+          - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+          - undefined (0xF7)
+          - half-precision floats (0xF9)
+          - break (0xFF)
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return CBOR serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in CBOR format.,to_cbor}
+
+    @sa http://cbor.io
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; compact representation of floating-point numbers
+           since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_cbor(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_cbor(j);
+    }
+
+    static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_cbor(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a MessagePack serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the MessagePack
+    serialization format. MessagePack is a binary serialization format which
+    aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    MessagePack types according to the MessagePack specification:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | MessagePack type | first byte
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------- | ----------
+    null            | `null`                            | nil              | 0xC0
+    boolean         | `true`                            | true             | 0xC3
+    boolean         | `false`                           | false            | 0xC2
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64            | 0xD3
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32            | 0xD2
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16            | 0xD1
+    number_integer  | -128..-33                         | int8             | 0xD0
+    number_integer  | -32..-1                           | negative fixint  | 0xE0..0xFF
+    number_integer  | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+    number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+    number_integer  | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+    number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+    number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+    number_unsigned | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+    number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+    number_unsigned | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+    number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+    number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+    number_float    | *any value representable by a float*     | float 32 | 0xCA
+    number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float* | float 64 | 0xCB
+    string          | *length*: 0..31                   | fixstr           | 0xA0..0xBF
+    string          | *length*: 32..255                 | str 8            | 0xD9
+    string          | *length*: 256..65535              | str 16           | 0xDA
+    string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295       | str 32           | 0xDB
+    array           | *size*: 0..15                     | fixarray         | 0x90..0x9F
+    array           | *size*: 16..65535                 | array 16         | 0xDC
+    array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | array 32         | 0xDD
+    object          | *size*: 0..15                     | fix map          | 0x80..0x8F
+    object          | *size*: 16..65535                 | map 16           | 0xDE
+    object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | map 32           | 0xDF
+    binary          | *size*: 0..255                    | bin 8            | 0xC4
+    binary          | *size*: 256..65535                | bin 16           | 0xC5
+    binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | bin 32           | 0xC6
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a MessagePack value.
+
+    @note The following values can **not** be converted to a MessagePack value:
+          - strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+          - byte strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+          - arrays with more than 4294967295 elements
+          - objects with more than 4294967295 elements
+
+    @note Any MessagePack output created @ref to_msgpack can be successfully
+          parsed by @ref from_msgpack.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return MessagePack serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in MessagePack format.,to_msgpack}
+
+    @sa http://msgpack.org
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack for the analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_msgpack(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_msgpack(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_msgpack(j);
+    }
+
+    static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_msgpack(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a UBJSON serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the UBJSON
+    (Universal Binary JSON) serialization format. UBJSON aims to be more compact
+    than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    UBJSON types according to the UBJSON specification:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | UBJSON type | marker
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+    null            | `null`                            | null        | `Z`
+    boolean         | `true`                            | true        | `T`
+    boolean         | `false`                           | false       | `F`
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | `L`
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32       | `l`
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16       | `I`
+    number_integer  | -128..127                         | int8        | `i`
+    number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+    number_integer  | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+    number_integer  | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+    number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+    number_unsigned | 0..127                            | int8        | `i`
+    number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+    number_unsigned | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+    number_unsigned | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+    number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+    number_unsigned | 2147483649..18446744073709551615  | high-precision | `H`
+    number_float    | *any value*                       | float64     | `D`
+    string          | *with shortest length indicator*  | string      | `S`
+    array           | *see notes on optimized format*   | array       | `[`
+    object          | *see notes on optimized format*   | map         | `{`
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a UBJSON value.
+
+    @note The following values can **not** be converted to a UBJSON value:
+          - strings with more than 9223372036854775807 bytes (theoretical)
+
+    @note The following markers are not used in the conversion:
+          - `Z`: no-op values are not created.
+          - `C`: single-byte strings are serialized with `S` markers.
+
+    @note Any UBJSON output created @ref to_ubjson can be successfully parsed
+          by @ref from_ubjson.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @note The optimized formats for containers are supported: Parameter
+          @a use_size adds size information to the beginning of a container and
+          removes the closing marker. Parameter @a use_type further checks
+          whether all elements of a container have the same type and adds the
+          type marker to the beginning of the container. The @a use_type
+          parameter must only be used together with @a use_size = true. Note
+          that @a use_size = true alone may result in larger representations -
+          the benefit of this parameter is that the receiving side is
+          immediately informed on the number of elements of the container.
+
+    @note If the JSON data contains the binary type, the value stored is a list
+          of integers, as suggested by the UBJSON documentation.  In particular,
+          this means that serialization and the deserialization of a JSON
+          containing binary values into UBJSON and back will result in a
+          different JSON object.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @param[in] use_size  whether to add size annotations to container types
+    @param[in] use_type  whether to add type annotations to container types
+                         (must be combined with @a use_size = true)
+    @return UBJSON serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in UBJSON format.,to_ubjson}
+
+    @sa http://ubjson.org
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 3.1.0
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_ubjson(const basic_json& j,
+            const bool use_size = false,
+            const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_ubjson(j, result, use_size, use_type);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o,
+                          const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_ubjson(j, use_size, use_type);
+    }
+
+    static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o,
+                          const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_ubjson(j, use_size, use_type);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the given JSON object `j` to BSON and returns a vector
+           containing the corresponding BSON-representation.
+
+    BSON (Binary JSON) is a binary format in which zero or more ordered key/value pairs are
+    stored as a single entity (a so-called document).
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BSON types:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | BSON type   | marker
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+    null            | `null`                            | null        | 0x0A
+    boolean         | `true`, `false`                   | boolean     | 0x08
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | 0x12
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..2147483647           | int32       | 0x10
+    number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+    number_unsigned | 0..2147483647                     | int32       | 0x10
+    number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+    number_unsigned | 9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615| --   | --
+    number_float    | *any value*                       | double      | 0x01
+    string          | *any value*                       | string      | 0x02
+    array           | *any value*                       | document    | 0x04
+    object          | *any value*                       | document    | 0x03
+    binary          | *any value*                       | binary      | 0x05
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete**, since only JSON-objects (and things
+    contained therein) can be serialized to BSON.
+    Also, integers larger than 9223372036854775807 cannot be serialized to BSON,
+    and the keys may not contain U+0000, since they are serialized a
+    zero-terminated c-strings.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.407  if `j.is_number_unsigned() && j.get<std::uint64_t>() > 9223372036854775807`
+    @throw out_of_range.409  if a key in `j` contains a NULL (U+0000)
+    @throw type_error.317    if `!j.is_object()`
+
+    @pre The input `j` is required to be an object: `j.is_object() == true`.
+
+    @note Any BSON output created via @ref to_bson can be successfully parsed
+          by @ref from_bson.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return BSON serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in BSON format.,to_bson}
+
+    @sa http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(detail::input_adapter&&, const bool strict) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_bson(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_bson(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the given JSON object `j` to BSON and forwards the
+           corresponding BSON-representation to the given output_adapter `o`.
+    @param j The JSON object to convert to BSON.
+    @param o The output adapter that receives the binary BSON representation.
+    @pre The input `j` shall be an object: `j.is_object() == true`
+    @sa see @ref to_bson(const basic_json&)
+    */
+    static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_bson(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc to_bson(const basic_json&, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t>)
+    */
+    static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_bson(j);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in CBOR format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the CBOR (Concise
+    Binary Object Representation) serialization format.
+
+    The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    CBOR type              | JSON value type | first byte
+    ---------------------- | --------------- | ----------
+    Integer                | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x17
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x18
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x19
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1A
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1B
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x20..0x37
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x38
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x39
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3A
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3B
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x40..0x57
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x58
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x59
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x5A
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x5B
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x60..0x77
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x78
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x79
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7A
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7B
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7F
+    array                  | array           | 0x80..0x97
+    array                  | array           | 0x98
+    array                  | array           | 0x99
+    array                  | array           | 0x9A
+    array                  | array           | 0x9B
+    array                  | array           | 0x9F
+    map                    | object          | 0xA0..0xB7
+    map                    | object          | 0xB8
+    map                    | object          | 0xB9
+    map                    | object          | 0xBA
+    map                    | object          | 0xBB
+    map                    | object          | 0xBF
+    False                  | `false`         | 0xF4
+    True                   | `true`          | 0xF5
+    Null                   | `null`          | 0xF6
+    Half-Precision Float   | number_float    | 0xF9
+    Single-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFA
+    Double-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFB
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete** in the sense that not all CBOR
+             types can be converted to a JSON value. The following CBOR types
+             are not supported and will yield parse errors (parse_error.112):
+             - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+             - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+             - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+             - bigfloat (0xC5)
+             - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+             - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+             - undefined (0xF7)
+
+    @warning CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows
+             strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys
+             other than UTF-8 strings are rejected (parse_error.113).
+
+    @note Any CBOR output created @ref to_cbor can be successfully parsed by
+          @ref from_cbor.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in CBOR format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] tag_handler how to treat CBOR tags (optional, error by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if unsupported features from CBOR were
+    used in the given input @a v or if the input is not valid CBOR
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string was expected as map key, but not found
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in CBOR
+    format to a JSON value.,from_cbor}
+
+    @sa http://cbor.io
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1; changed to
+           consume input adapters, removed start_index parameter, and added
+           @a strict parameter since 3.0.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter
+           since 3.2.0; added @a tag_handler parameter since 3.9.0.
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_cbor(InputType&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_cbor(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_cbor(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        return from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions, tag_handler);
+    }
+
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_cbor(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in MessagePack format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the MessagePack
+    serialization format.
+
+    The library maps MessagePack types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    MessagePack type | JSON value type | first byte
+    ---------------- | --------------- | ----------
+    positive fixint  | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x7F
+    fixmap           | object          | 0x80..0x8F
+    fixarray         | array           | 0x90..0x9F
+    fixstr           | string          | 0xA0..0xBF
+    nil              | `null`          | 0xC0
+    false            | `false`         | 0xC2
+    true             | `true`          | 0xC3
+    float 32         | number_float    | 0xCA
+    float 64         | number_float    | 0xCB
+    uint 8           | number_unsigned | 0xCC
+    uint 16          | number_unsigned | 0xCD
+    uint 32          | number_unsigned | 0xCE
+    uint 64          | number_unsigned | 0xCF
+    int 8            | number_integer  | 0xD0
+    int 16           | number_integer  | 0xD1
+    int 32           | number_integer  | 0xD2
+    int 64           | number_integer  | 0xD3
+    str 8            | string          | 0xD9
+    str 16           | string          | 0xDA
+    str 32           | string          | 0xDB
+    array 16         | array           | 0xDC
+    array 32         | array           | 0xDD
+    map 16           | object          | 0xDE
+    map 32           | object          | 0xDF
+    bin 8            | binary          | 0xC4
+    bin 16           | binary          | 0xC5
+    bin 32           | binary          | 0xC6
+    ext 8            | binary          | 0xC7
+    ext 16           | binary          | 0xC8
+    ext 32           | binary          | 0xC9
+    fixext 1         | binary          | 0xD4
+    fixext 2         | binary          | 0xD5
+    fixext 4         | binary          | 0xD6
+    fixext 8         | binary          | 0xD7
+    fixext 16        | binary          | 0xD8
+    negative fixint  | number_integer  | 0xE0-0xFF
+
+    @note Any MessagePack output created @ref to_msgpack can be successfully
+          parsed by @ref from_msgpack.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in MessagePack format convertible to an input
+                  adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if unsupported features from MessagePack were
+    used in the given input @a i or if the input is not valid MessagePack
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string was expected as map key, but not found
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    MessagePack format to a JSON value.,from_msgpack}
+
+    @sa http://msgpack.org
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related UBJSON format
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related BSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1; changed to
+           consume input adapters, removed start_index parameter, and added
+           @a strict parameter since 3.0.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter
+           since 3.2.0
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(InputType&& i,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in UBJSON format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the UBJSON (Universal
+    Binary JSON) serialization format.
+
+    The library maps UBJSON types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    UBJSON type | JSON value type                         | marker
+    ----------- | --------------------------------------- | ------
+    no-op       | *no value, next value is read*          | `N`
+    null        | `null`                                  | `Z`
+    false       | `false`                                 | `F`
+    true        | `true`                                  | `T`
+    float32     | number_float                            | `d`
+    float64     | number_float                            | `D`
+    uint8       | number_unsigned                         | `U`
+    int8        | number_integer                          | `i`
+    int16       | number_integer                          | `I`
+    int32       | number_integer                          | `l`
+    int64       | number_integer                          | `L`
+    high-precision number | number_integer, number_unsigned, or number_float - depends on number string | 'H'
+    string      | string                                  | `S`
+    char        | string                                  | `C`
+    array       | array (optimized values are supported)  | `[`
+    object      | object (optimized values are supported) | `{`
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any UBJSON value can
+          be converted to a JSON value.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in UBJSON format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if a parse error occurs
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string could not be parsed successfully
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    UBJSON format to a JSON value.,from_ubjson}
+
+    @sa http://ubjson.org
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related BSON format
+
+    @since version 3.1.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter since 3.2.0
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(InputType&& i,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Create a JSON value from an input in BSON format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the BSON (Binary JSON)
+    serialization format.
+
+    The library maps BSON record types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    BSON type       | BSON marker byte | JSON value type
+    --------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------
+    double          | 0x01             | number_float
+    string          | 0x02             | string
+    document        | 0x03             | object
+    array           | 0x04             | array
+    binary          | 0x05             | binary
+    undefined       | 0x06             | still unsupported
+    ObjectId        | 0x07             | still unsupported
+    boolean         | 0x08             | boolean
+    UTC Date-Time   | 0x09             | still unsupported
+    null            | 0x0A             | null
+    Regular Expr.   | 0x0B             | still unsupported
+    DB Pointer      | 0x0C             | still unsupported
+    JavaScript Code | 0x0D             | still unsupported
+    Symbol          | 0x0E             | still unsupported
+    JavaScript Code | 0x0F             | still unsupported
+    int32           | 0x10             | number_integer
+    Timestamp       | 0x11             | still unsupported
+    128-bit decimal float | 0x13       | still unsupported
+    Max Key         | 0x7F             | still unsupported
+    Min Key         | 0xFF             | still unsupported
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete**. The unsupported mappings
+             are indicated in the table above.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in BSON format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.114 if an unsupported BSON record type is encountered
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    BSON format to a JSON value.,from_bson}
+
+    @sa http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @sa see @ref to_bson(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related UBJSON format
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_bson(InputType&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_bson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_bson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_bson(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_bson(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_bson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_bson(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+    /// @}
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON Pointer support //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Pointer functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Uses a JSON pointer to retrieve a reference to the respective JSON value.
+    No bound checking is performed. Similar to @ref operator[](const typename
+    object_t::key_type&), `null` values are created in arrays and objects if
+    necessary.
+
+    In particular:
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an object key that does not exist, it
+      is created an filled with a `null` value before a reference to it
+      is returned.
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an array index that does not exist, it
+      is created an filled with a `null` value before a reference to it
+      is returned. All indices between the current maximum and the given
+      index are also filled with `null`.
+    - The special value `-` is treated as a synonym for the index past the
+      end.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON pointer
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,operatorjson_pointer}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        return ptr.get_unchecked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Uses a JSON pointer to retrieve a reference to the respective JSON value.
+    No bound checking is performed. The function does not change the JSON
+    value; no `null` values are created. In particular, the special value
+    `-` yields an exception.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return const reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,operatorjson_pointer_const}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.get_unchecked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer @a ptr,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @throw parse_error.106 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    begins with '0'. See example below.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is not a number. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is out of range. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used in the passed JSON
+    pointer @a ptr. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are
+    implicitly inserted), the index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the JSON pointer describes a key of an object
+    which cannot be found. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer @a ptr can not be resolved.
+    See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,at_json_pointer}
+    */
+    reference at(const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        return ptr.get_checked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer @a
+    ptr, with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @throw parse_error.106 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    begins with '0'. See example below.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is not a number. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is out of range. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used in the passed JSON
+    pointer @a ptr. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are
+    implicitly inserted), the index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the JSON pointer describes a key of an object
+    which cannot be found. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer @a ptr can not be resolved.
+    See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,at_json_pointer_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.get_checked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return flattened JSON value
+
+    The function creates a JSON object whose keys are JSON pointers (see [RFC
+    6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) and whose values are all
+    primitive. The original JSON value can be restored using the @ref
+    unflatten() function.
+
+    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitive values
+
+    @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened to `null` and will not be
+          reconstructed correctly by the @ref unflatten() function.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON object is flattened to an
+    object whose keys consist of JSON pointers.,flatten}
+
+    @sa see @ref unflatten() for the reverse function
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json flatten() const
+    {
+        basic_json result(value_t::object);
+        json_pointer::flatten("", *this, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief unflatten a previously flattened JSON value
+
+    The function restores the arbitrary nesting of a JSON value that has been
+    flattened before using the @ref flatten() function. The JSON value must
+    meet certain constraints:
+    1. The value must be an object.
+    2. The keys must be JSON pointers (see
+       [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901))
+    3. The mapped values must be primitive JSON types.
+
+    @return the original JSON from a flattened version
+
+    @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened by @ref flatten() to `null`
+          values and can not unflattened to their original type. Apart from
+          this example, for a JSON value `j`, the following is always true:
+          `j == j.flatten().unflatten()`.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+    @throw type_error.314  if value is not an object
+    @throw type_error.315  if object values are not primitive
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a flattened JSON object is
+    unflattened into the original nested JSON object.,unflatten}
+
+    @sa see @ref flatten() for the reverse function
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json unflatten() const
+    {
+        return json_pointer::unflatten(*this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON Patch functions //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Patch functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief applies a JSON patch
+
+    [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) defines a JSON document structure for
+    expressing a sequence of operations to apply to a JSON) document. With
+    this function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
+    executing all operations from the patch.
+
+    @param[in] json_patch  JSON patch document
+    @return patched document
+
+    @note The application of a patch is atomic: Either all operations succeed
+          and the patched document is returned or an exception is thrown. In
+          any case, the original value is not changed: the patch is applied
+          to a copy of the value.
+
+    @throw parse_error.104 if the JSON patch does not consist of an array of
+    objects
+
+    @throw parse_error.105 if the JSON patch is malformed (e.g., mandatory
+    attributes are missing); example: `"operation add must have member path"`
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index is out of range.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if a JSON pointer inside the patch could not be
+    resolved successfully in the current JSON value; example: `"key baz not
+    found"`
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent ("add", "remove",
+    "move")
+
+    @throw other_error.501 if "test" operation was unsuccessful
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value and the length of the
+    JSON patch. As usually only a fraction of the JSON value is affected by
+    the patch, the complexity can usually be neglected.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON patch is applied to a
+    value.,patch}
+
+    @sa see @ref diff -- create a JSON patch by comparing two JSON values
+
+    @sa [RFC 6902 (JSON Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)
+    @sa [RFC 6901 (JSON Pointer)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json patch(const basic_json& json_patch) const
+    {
+        // make a working copy to apply the patch to
+        basic_json result = *this;
+
+        // the valid JSON Patch operations
+        enum class patch_operations {add, remove, replace, move, copy, test, invalid};
+
+        const auto get_op = [](const std::string & op)
+        {
+            if (op == "add")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::add;
+            }
+            if (op == "remove")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::remove;
+            }
+            if (op == "replace")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::replace;
+            }
+            if (op == "move")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::move;
+            }
+            if (op == "copy")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::copy;
+            }
+            if (op == "test")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::test;
+            }
+
+            return patch_operations::invalid;
+        };
+
+        // wrapper for "add" operation; add value at ptr
+        const auto operation_add = [&result](json_pointer & ptr, basic_json val)
+        {
+            // adding to the root of the target document means replacing it
+            if (ptr.empty())
+            {
+                result = val;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // make sure the top element of the pointer exists
+            json_pointer top_pointer = ptr.top();
+            if (top_pointer != ptr)
+            {
+                result.at(top_pointer);
+            }
+
+            // get reference to parent of JSON pointer ptr
+            const auto last_path = ptr.back();
+            ptr.pop_back();
+            basic_json& parent = result[ptr];
+
+            switch (parent.m_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::null:
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use operator[] to add value
+                    parent[last_path] = val;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (last_path == "-")
+                    {
+                        // special case: append to back
+                        parent.push_back(val);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        const auto idx = json_pointer::array_index(last_path);
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx > parent.size()))
+                        {
+                            // avoid undefined behavior
+                            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", parent));
+                        }
+
+                        // default case: insert add offset
+                        parent.insert(parent.begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(idx), val);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // if there exists a parent it cannot be primitive
+                case value_t::string: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::boolean: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_integer: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_unsigned: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_float: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::binary: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::discarded: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        };
+
+        // wrapper for "remove" operation; remove value at ptr
+        const auto operation_remove = [this, &result](json_pointer & ptr)
+        {
+            // get reference to parent of JSON pointer ptr
+            const auto last_path = ptr.back();
+            ptr.pop_back();
+            basic_json& parent = result.at(ptr);
+
+            // remove child
+            if (parent.is_object())
+            {
+                // perform range check
+                auto it = parent.find(last_path);
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(it != parent.end()))
+                {
+                    parent.erase(it);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + last_path + "' not found", *this));
+                }
+            }
+            else if (parent.is_array())
+            {
+                // note erase performs range check
+                parent.erase(json_pointer::array_index(last_path));
+            }
+        };
+
+        // type check: top level value must be an array
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!json_patch.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(104, 0, "JSON patch must be an array of objects", json_patch));
+        }
+
+        // iterate and apply the operations
+        for (const auto& val : json_patch)
+        {
+            // wrapper to get a value for an operation
+            const auto get_value = [&val](const std::string & op,
+                                          const std::string & member,
+                                          bool string_type) -> basic_json &
+            {
+                // find value
+                auto it = val.m_value.object->find(member);
+
+                // context-sensitive error message
+                const auto error_msg = (op == "op") ? "operation" : "operation '" + op + "'";
+
+                // check if desired value is present
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(it == val.m_value.object->end()))
+                {
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-inefficient-string-concatenation)
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, error_msg + " must have member '" + member + "'", val));
+                }
+
+                // check if result is of type string
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(string_type && !it->second.is_string()))
+                {
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-inefficient-string-concatenation)
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, error_msg + " must have string member '" + member + "'", val));
+                }
+
+                // no error: return value
+                return it->second;
+            };
+
+            // type check: every element of the array must be an object
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!val.is_object()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(104, 0, "JSON patch must be an array of objects", val));
+            }
+
+            // collect mandatory members
+            const auto op = get_value("op", "op", true).template get<std::string>();
+            const auto path = get_value(op, "path", true).template get<std::string>();
+            json_pointer ptr(path);
+
+            switch (get_op(op))
+            {
+                case patch_operations::add:
+                {
+                    operation_add(ptr, get_value("add", "value", false));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::remove:
+                {
+                    operation_remove(ptr);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::replace:
+                {
+                    // the "path" location must exist - use at()
+                    result.at(ptr) = get_value("replace", "value", false);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::move:
+                {
+                    const auto from_path = get_value("move", "from", true).template get<std::string>();
+                    json_pointer from_ptr(from_path);
+
+                    // the "from" location must exist - use at()
+                    basic_json v = result.at(from_ptr);
+
+                    // The move operation is functionally identical to a
+                    // "remove" operation on the "from" location, followed
+                    // immediately by an "add" operation at the target
+                    // location with the value that was just removed.
+                    operation_remove(from_ptr);
+                    operation_add(ptr, v);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::copy:
+                {
+                    const auto from_path = get_value("copy", "from", true).template get<std::string>();
+                    const json_pointer from_ptr(from_path);
+
+                    // the "from" location must exist - use at()
+                    basic_json v = result.at(from_ptr);
+
+                    // The copy is functionally identical to an "add"
+                    // operation at the target location using the value
+                    // specified in the "from" member.
+                    operation_add(ptr, v);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::test:
+                {
+                    bool success = false;
+                    JSON_TRY
+                    {
+                        // check if "value" matches the one at "path"
+                        // the "path" location must exist - use at()
+                        success = (result.at(ptr) == get_value("test", "value", false));
+                    }
+                    JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (out_of_range&)
+                    {
+                        // ignore out of range errors: success remains false
+                    }
+
+                    // throw an exception if test fails
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!success))
+                    {
+                        JSON_THROW(other_error::create(501, "unsuccessful: " + val.dump(), val));
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::invalid:
+                default:
+                {
+                    // op must be "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or
+                    // "test"
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, "operation value '" + op + "' is invalid", val));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief creates a diff as a JSON patch
+
+    Creates a [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) so that value @a source can
+    be changed into the value @a target by calling @ref patch function.
+
+    @invariant For two JSON values @a source and @a target, the following code
+    yields always `true`:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    source.patch(diff(source, target)) == target;
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Currently, only `remove`, `add`, and `replace` operations are
+          generated.
+
+    @param[in] source  JSON value to compare from
+    @param[in] target  JSON value to compare against
+    @param[in] path    helper value to create JSON pointers
+
+    @return a JSON patch to convert the @a source to @a target
+
+    @complexity Linear in the lengths of @a source and @a target.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON patch is created as a
+    diff for two JSON values.,diff}
+
+    @sa see @ref patch -- apply a JSON patch
+    @sa see @ref merge_patch -- apply a JSON Merge Patch
+
+    @sa [RFC 6902 (JSON Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json diff(const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
+                           const std::string& path = "")
+    {
+        // the patch
+        basic_json result(value_t::array);
+
+        // if the values are the same, return empty patch
+        if (source == target)
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (source.type() != target.type())
+        {
+            // different types: replace value
+            result.push_back(
+            {
+                {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+            });
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        switch (source.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // first pass: traverse common elements
+                std::size_t i = 0;
+                while (i < source.size() && i < target.size())
+                {
+                    // recursive call to compare array values at index i
+                    auto temp_diff = diff(source[i], target[i], path + "/" + std::to_string(i));
+                    result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                // i now reached the end of at least one array
+                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
+
+                // remove my remaining elements
+                const auto end_index = static_cast<difference_type>(result.size());
+                while (i < source.size())
+                {
+                    // add operations in reverse order to avoid invalid
+                    // indices
+                    result.insert(result.begin() + end_index, object(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "remove"},
+                        {"path", path + "/" + std::to_string(i)}
+                    }));
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                // add other remaining elements
+                while (i < target.size())
+                {
+                    result.push_back(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "add"},
+                        {"path", path + "/-"},
+                        {"value", target[i]}
+                    });
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // first pass: traverse this object's elements
+                for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    // escape the key name to be used in a JSON patch
+                    const auto path_key = path + "/" + detail::escape(it.key());
+
+                    if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
+                    {
+                        // recursive call to compare object values at key it
+                        auto temp_diff = diff(it.value(), target[it.key()], path_key);
+                        result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // found a key that is not in o -> remove it
+                        result.push_back(object(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                        }));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // second pass: traverse other object's elements
+                for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
+                    {
+                        // found a key that is not in this -> add it
+                        const auto path_key = path + "/" + detail::escape(it.key());
+                        result.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // both primitive type: replace value
+                result.push_back(
+                {
+                    {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    ////////////////////////////////
+    // JSON Merge Patch functions //
+    ////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Merge Patch functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief applies a JSON Merge Patch
+
+    The merge patch format is primarily intended for use with the HTTP PATCH
+    method as a means of describing a set of modifications to a target
+    resource's content. This function applies a merge patch to the current
+    JSON value.
+
+    The function implements the following algorithm from Section 2 of
+    [RFC 7396 (JSON Merge Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7396):
+
+    ```
+    define MergePatch(Target, Patch):
+      if Patch is an Object:
+        if Target is not an Object:
+          Target = {} // Ignore the contents and set it to an empty Object
+        for each Name/Value pair in Patch:
+          if Value is null:
+            if Name exists in Target:
+              remove the Name/Value pair from Target
+          else:
+            Target[Name] = MergePatch(Target[Name], Value)
+        return Target
+      else:
+        return Patch
+    ```
+
+    Thereby, `Target` is the current object; that is, the patch is applied to
+    the current value.
+
+    @param[in] apply_patch  the patch to apply
+
+    @complexity Linear in the lengths of @a patch.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON Merge Patch is applied to
+    a JSON document.,merge_patch}
+
+    @sa see @ref patch -- apply a JSON patch
+    @sa [RFC 7396 (JSON Merge Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7396)
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void merge_patch(const basic_json& apply_patch)
+    {
+        if (apply_patch.is_object())
+        {
+            if (!is_object())
+            {
+                *this = object();
+            }
+            for (auto it = apply_patch.begin(); it != apply_patch.end(); ++it)
+            {
+                if (it.value().is_null())
+                {
+                    erase(it.key());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    operator[](it.key()).merge_patch(it.value());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *this = apply_patch;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined to_string function for JSON values
+
+This function implements a user-defined to_string  for JSON objects.
+
+@param[in] j  a JSON object
+@return a std::string object
+*/
+
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+std::string to_string(const NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j)
+{
+    return j.dump();
+}
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+///////////////////////
+// nonmember support //
+///////////////////////
+
+// specialization of std::swap, and std::hash
+namespace std
+{
+
+/// hash value for JSON objects
+template<>
+struct hash<nlohmann::json>
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief return a hash value for a JSON object
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    std::size_t operator()(const nlohmann::json& j) const
+    {
+        return nlohmann::detail::hash(j);
+    }
+};
+
+/// specialization for std::less<value_t>
+/// @note: do not remove the space after '<',
+///        see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/679
+template<>
+struct less<::nlohmann::detail::value_t>
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief compare two value_t enum values
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    bool operator()(nlohmann::detail::value_t lhs,
+                    nlohmann::detail::value_t rhs) const noexcept
+    {
+        return nlohmann::detail::operator<(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+};
+
+// C++20 prohibit function specialization in the std namespace.
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+
+/*!
+@brief exchanges the values of two JSON objects
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+template<>
+inline void swap<nlohmann::json>(nlohmann::json& j1, nlohmann::json& j2) noexcept( // NOLINT(readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name)
+    is_nothrow_move_constructible<nlohmann::json>::value&&  // NOLINT(misc-redundant-expression)
+    is_nothrow_move_assignable<nlohmann::json>::value
+                              )
+{
+    j1.swap(j2);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace std
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON objects. It
+can be used by adding `"_json"` to a string literal and returns a JSON object
+if no parse error occurred.
+
+@param[in] s  a string representation of a JSON object
+@param[in] n  the length of string @a s
+@return a JSON object
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON Pointers. It
+can be used by adding `"_json_pointer"` to a string literal and returns a JSON pointer
+object if no parse error occurred.
+
+@param[in] s  a string representation of a JSON Pointer
+@param[in] n  the length of string @a s
+@return a JSON pointer object
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
+}
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp b/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332227c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
+
+#include <cstdint> // int64_t, uint64_t
+#include <map> // map
+#include <memory> // allocator
+#include <string> // string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+/*!
+@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+/*!
+@brief default JSONSerializer template argument
+
+This serializer ignores the template arguments and uses ADL
+([argument-dependent lookup](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl))
+for serialization.
+*/
+template<typename T = void, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct adl_serializer;
+
+template<template<typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class ObjectType =
+         std::map,
+         template<typename U, typename... Args> class ArrayType = std::vector,
+         class StringType = std::string, class BooleanType = bool,
+         class NumberIntegerType = std::int64_t,
+         class NumberUnsignedType = std::uint64_t,
+         class NumberFloatType = double,
+         template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator,
+         template<typename T, typename SFINAE = void> class JSONSerializer =
+         adl_serializer,
+         class BinaryType = std::vector<std::uint8_t>>
+class basic_json;
+
+/*!
+@brief JSON Pointer
+
+A JSON pointer defines a string syntax for identifying a specific value
+within a JSON document. It can be used with functions `at` and
+`operator[]`. Furthermore, JSON pointers are the base for JSON patches.
+
+@sa [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_pointer;
+
+/*!
+@brief default JSON class
+
+This type is the default specialization of the @ref basic_json class which
+uses the standard template types.
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+using json = basic_json<>;
+
+template<class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess, class Allocator>
+struct ordered_map;
+
+/*!
+@brief ordered JSON class
+
+This type preserves the insertion order of object keys.
+
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+using ordered_json = basic_json<nlohmann::ordered_map>;
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp b/include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf5f133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional> // less
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag, iterator_traits
+#include <memory> // allocator
+#include <stdexcept> // for out_of_range
+#include <type_traits> // enable_if, is_convertible
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/// ordered_map: a minimal map-like container that preserves insertion order
+/// for use within nlohmann::basic_json<ordered_map>
+template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
+          class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>>
+                  struct ordered_map : std::vector<std::pair<const Key, T>, Allocator>
+{
+    using key_type = Key;
+    using mapped_type = T;
+    using Container = std::vector<std::pair<const Key, T>, Allocator>;
+    using typename Container::iterator;
+    using typename Container::const_iterator;
+    using typename Container::size_type;
+    using typename Container::value_type;
+
+    // Explicit constructors instead of `using Container::Container`
+    // otherwise older compilers choke on it (GCC <= 5.5, xcode <= 9.4)
+    ordered_map(const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()) : Container{alloc} {}
+    template <class It>
+    ordered_map(It first, It last, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+        : Container{first, last, alloc} {}
+    ordered_map(std::initializer_list<T> init, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() )
+        : Container{init, alloc} {}
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(const key_type& key, T&& t)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return {it, false};
+            }
+        }
+        Container::emplace_back(key, t);
+        return {--this->end(), true};
+    }
+
+    T& operator[](const Key& key)
+    {
+        return emplace(key, T{}).first->second;
+    }
+
+    const T& operator[](const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return at(key);
+    }
+
+    T& at(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
+    }
+
+    const T& at(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
+    }
+
+    size_type erase(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                // Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
+                for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
+                {
+                    it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
+                    new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
+                }
+                Container::pop_back();
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    iterator erase(iterator pos)
+    {
+        auto it = pos;
+
+        // Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
+        for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
+            new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
+        }
+        Container::pop_back();
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    size_type count(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    iterator find(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it;
+            }
+        }
+        return Container::end();
+    }
+
+    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it;
+            }
+        }
+        return Container::end();
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( value_type&& value )
+    {
+        return emplace(value.first, std::move(value.second));
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( const value_type& value )
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == value.first)
+            {
+                return {it, false};
+            }
+        }
+        Container::push_back(value);
+        return {--this->end(), true};
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputIt>
+    using require_input_iter = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::iterator_category,
+            std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
+
+    template<typename InputIt, typename = require_input_iter<InputIt>>
+    void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last)
+    {
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            insert(*it);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp b/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b309e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2044 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/* Hedley - https://nemequ.github.io/hedley
+ * Created by Evan Nemerson <evan@nemerson.com>
+ *
+ * To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
+ * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
+ * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
+ * any warranty.
+ *
+ * For details, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+ */
+
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION) || (JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION < 15)
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION 15
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX(x) #x
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY(x) JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX(x)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX(a,b) a##b
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT(a,b) JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX(a,b)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX(a,b,c) a##b##c
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3(a,b,c) JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX(a,b,c)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major,minor,revision) (((major) * 1000000) + ((minor) * 1000) + (revision))
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR(version) ((version) / 1000000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR(version) (((version) % 1000000) / 1000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION(version) ((version) % 1000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 140000000) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_FULL_VER / 10000000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 10000000) / 100000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 100000) / 100)
+#elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_FULL_VER / 1000000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 1000000) / 10000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 10000) / 10)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 10000000) + (minor * 100000) + (patch)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 1000000) + (minor * 10000) + (patch)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_VER >= ((major * 100) + (minor)))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER / 100, __INTEL_COMPILER % 100, __INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE)
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER / 100, __INTEL_COMPILER % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE) && defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER, __INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__PGI) && defined(__PGIC__) && defined(__PGIC_MINOR__) && defined(__PGIC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__PGIC__, __PGIC_MINOR__, __PGIC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__SUNPRO_C) && (__SUNPRO_C > 0x1000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((((__SUNPRO_C >> 16) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_C >> 12) & 0xf), (((__SUNPRO_C >> 8) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_C >> 4) & 0xf), (__SUNPRO_C & 0xf) * 10)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__SUNPRO_C >> 8) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_C >> 4) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_C) & 0xf)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && (__SUNPRO_CC > 0x1000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((((__SUNPRO_CC >> 16) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_CC >> 12) & 0xf), (((__SUNPRO_CC >> 8) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_CC >> 4) & 0xf), (__SUNPRO_CC & 0xf) * 10)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__SUNPRO_CC >> 8) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_CC >> 4) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_CC) & 0xf)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__EMSCRIPTEN_major__, __EMSCRIPTEN_minor__, __EMSCRIPTEN_tiny__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__CC_ARM) && defined(__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION / 1000000, (__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION % 1000000) / 10000, (__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION % 10000) / 100)
+#elif defined(__CC_ARM) && defined(__ARMCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ARMCC_VERSION / 1000000, (__ARMCC_VERSION % 1000000) / 10000, (__ARMCC_VERSION % 10000) / 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__ibmxl__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ibmxl_version__, __ibmxl_release__, __ibmxl_modification__)
+#elif defined(__xlC__) && defined(__xlC_ver__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__xlC__ >> 8, __xlC__ & 0xff, (__xlC_ver__ >> 8) & 0xff)
+#elif defined(__xlC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__xlC__ >> 8, __xlC__ & 0xff, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && \
+    ( \
+      defined(__TMS470__) || defined(__TI_ARM__) || \
+      defined(__MSP430__) || \
+      defined(__TMS320C2000__) \
+    )
+#if (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ >= 16000000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__TMS320C2000__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__MSP430__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && (defined(__TMS470__) || defined(__TI_ARM__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__TMS320C6X__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__C7000__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__PRU__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(_CRAYC)
+    #if defined(_RELEASE_PATCHLEVEL)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_RELEASE_MAJOR, _RELEASE_MINOR, _RELEASE_PATCHLEVEL)
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_RELEASE_MAJOR, _RELEASE_MINOR, 0)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+    #if __VER__ > 1000
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__VER__ / 1000000), ((__VER__ / 1000) % 1000), (__VER__ % 1000))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__VER__ / 100, __VER__ % 100, 0)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TINYC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TINYC__ / 1000, (__TINYC__ / 100) % 10, __TINYC__ % 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__DMC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__DMC__ >> 8, (__DMC__ >> 4) & 0xf, __DMC__ & 0xf)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__COMPCERT_VERSION__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__COMPCERT_VERSION__ / 10000, (__COMPCERT_VERSION__ / 100) % 100, __COMPCERT_VERSION__ % 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__POCC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__POCC__ / 100, __POCC__ % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__LCC__) && defined(__LCC_MINOR__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__LCC__ / 100, __LCC__ % 100, __LCC_MINOR__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(__clang__) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(__COMPCERT__) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if \
+  defined(__has_attribute) && \
+  ( \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,5,9)) \
+  )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && \
+    defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS
+#endif
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || !defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) (0)
+#elif \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0)) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,20,0))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(ns::attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if \
+    (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)) || \
+    defined(__clang__) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,7,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,1) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(5,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,17) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) && defined(__C99_PRAGMA_OPERATOR))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value) _Pragma(#value)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value) __pragma(value)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("warning(push)")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("warning(pop)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("pop")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("diag_push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("diag_pop")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,90,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("warning(push)")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("warning(pop)")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#endif
+
+/* JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_ is for
+   HEDLEY INTERNAL USE ONLY.  API subject to change without notice. */
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+#    if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++17-extensions")
+#      if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++1z-extensions")
+#        define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++17-extensions\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++1z-extensions\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#      else
+#        define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++17-extensions\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#      endif
+#    else
+#      define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(x) x
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) (const_cast<T>(expr))
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wcast-qual") || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) (__extension__ ({ \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL \
+        ((T) (expr)); \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP \
+    }))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST(T, expr) (reinterpret_cast<T>(expr))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr) (static_cast<T>(expr))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wold-style-cast\"") \
+    ((T) (expr)) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe137") \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) (expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("warning(disable:1478 1786)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED __pragma(warning(disable:1478 1786))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(20,7,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1216,1444,1445")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1444")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED __pragma(warning(disable:4996))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1444")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1291,1718")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("error_messages(off,E_DEPRECATED_ATT,E_DEPRECATED_ATT_MESS)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("error_messages(off,symdeprecated,symdeprecated2)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe1444,Pe1215")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,90,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("warn(disable:2241)")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-pragmas\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("warning(disable:161)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS __pragma(warning(disable:161))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 1675")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-pragmas\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS __pragma(warning(disable:4068))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(16,9,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 163")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 163")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe161")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 161")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-attributes")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-attributes\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(17,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("warning(disable:1292)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES __pragma(warning(disable:1292))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES __pragma(warning(disable:5030))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(20,7,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097,1098")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,14,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("error_messages(off,attrskipunsup)")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1173")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe1097")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wcast-qual")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wcast-qual\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("warning(disable:2203 2331)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wcast-qual\"")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-function\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-function\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(1,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION __pragma(warning(disable:4505))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("diag_suppress 3142")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __declspec(deprecated("Since " # since))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __declspec(deprecated("Since " #since "; use " #replacement))
+#elif \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(attribute_deprecated_with_message) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((__deprecated__("Since " #since)))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __attribute__((__deprecated__("Since " #since "; use " #replacement)))
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201402L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[deprecated("Since " #since)]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[deprecated("Since " #since "; use " #replacement)]])
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(6,50,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __declspec(deprecated)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __declspec(deprecated)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) _Pragma("deprecated")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) _Pragma("deprecated")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(warning) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE(available_since) __attribute__((__warning__("Not available until " #available_since)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE(available_since)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(warn_unused_result) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))
+#elif (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard) >= 201907L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard(msg)]])
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+#elif defined(_Check_return_) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT _Check_return_
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) _Check_return_
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(sentinel) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL(position) __attribute__((__sentinel__(position)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL(position)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __noreturn
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Noreturn
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[noreturn]])
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Pragma("does_not_return")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Pragma("FUNC_NEVER_RETURNS;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute((noreturn))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noescape)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE __attribute__((__noescape__))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) __assume(expr)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_assume)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) __builtin_assume(expr)
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0)
+    #if defined(__cplusplus)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) std::_nassert(expr)
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) _nassert(expr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_unreachable) && (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION))) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,5) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(10,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable()
+#elif defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, ((expr) ? 1 : (JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE(), 1)))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #if  \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) return (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)), (value))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE()
+    #endif
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) return (value)
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)
+#endif
+
+JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wpedantic")
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic") && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING("-Wvariadic-macros",4,0,0)
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+    #elif defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(nonnull) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(...) __attribute__((__nonnull__(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(...)
+#endif
+JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT
+#endif
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) && JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format,4,4,0) && !defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(ms_printf, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format,4,4,0) && defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(gnu_printf, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __declspec(vaformat(printf,string_idx,first_to_check))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(constexpr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_unpredictable)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE(expr) __builtin_unpredictable((expr))
+#endif
+#if \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect_with_probability) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, value, probability) __builtin_expect_with_probability(  (expr), (value), (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability)   __builtin_expect_with_probability(!!(expr),    1   , (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability)  __builtin_expect_with_probability(!!(expr),    0   , (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr)                      __builtin_expect                 (!!(expr),    1                  )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr)                    __builtin_expect                 (!!(expr),    0                  )
+#elif \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,7,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,27) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, expected, probability) \
+    (((probability) >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect((expr), (expected)) : (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expected), (expr)))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability) \
+    (__extension__ ({ \
+        double hedley_probability_ = (probability); \
+        ((hedley_probability_ >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1) : ((hedley_probability_ <= 0.1) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0) : !!(expr))); \
+    }))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability) \
+    (__extension__ ({ \
+        double hedley_probability_ = (probability); \
+        ((hedley_probability_ >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0) : ((hedley_probability_ <= 0.1) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1) : !!(expr))); \
+    }))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr)   __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr) __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0)
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, expected, probability) (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expected), (expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, 1, 0.5)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(malloc) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(12,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC __attribute__((__malloc__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC _Pragma("returns_new_memory")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC __declspec(restrict)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+#if \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(pure) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(2,96,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE __attribute__((__pure__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE _Pragma("does_not_write_global_data")
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    ( \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,1) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE _Pragma("FUNC_IS_PURE;")
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(const) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(2,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST __attribute__((__const__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST _Pragma("no_side_effect")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#endif
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT restrict
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,4) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,14,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    defined(__clang__) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT __restrict
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,3,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT _Restrict
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+    (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)) || \
+    (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 199711L))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE inline
+#elif \
+    defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE __inline__
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(12,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE __inline
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(always_inline) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((__always_inline__)) JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(12,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    ( \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE _Pragma("FUNC_ALWAYS_INLINE;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE _Pragma("inline=forced")
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noinline) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __attribute__((__noinline__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(10,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("noinline")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("FUNC_CANNOT_INLINE;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("inline=never")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __attribute((noinline))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT
+#endif
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC   __declspec(dllexport)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT   __declspec(dllimport)
+#else
+#  if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(visibility) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    ( \
+      defined(__TI_EABI__) && \
+      ( \
+        (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) \
+      ) \
+    ) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE __attribute__((__visibility__("hidden")))
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC  __attribute__((__visibility__("default")))
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#  endif
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT    extern
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(nothrow) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW __attribute__((__nothrow__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW __declspec(nothrow)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(7,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH __attribute__((__fallthrough__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(clang,fallthrough)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[clang::fallthrough]])
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[fallthrough]])
+#elif defined(__fallthrough) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH __fallthrough
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(returns_nonnull) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL __attribute__((__returns_nonnull__))
+#elif defined(_Ret_notnull_) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL _Ret_notnull_
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) && \
+    !defined(__STDC_NO_VLA__) && \
+    !defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM(name) (name)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM(name)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+/* JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_ is for
+   HEDLEY INTERNAL USE ONLY.  API subject to change without notice. */
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_constant_p) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,19) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) __builtin_constant_p(expr)
+#endif
+#if !defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_types_compatible_p) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,4,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,24)
+#if defined(__INTPTR_TYPE__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) __builtin_types_compatible_p(__typeof__((1 ? (void*) ((__INTPTR_TYPE__) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0)), int*)
+#else
+    #include <stdint.h>
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) __builtin_types_compatible_p(__typeof__((1 ? (void*) ((intptr_t) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0)), int*)
+#endif
+#  elif \
+       ( \
+          defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+       (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(c_generic_selections) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(17,0,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(12,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,3,0)
+#if defined(__INTPTR_TYPE__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) _Generic((1 ? (void*) ((__INTPTR_TYPE__) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0), int*: 1, void*: 0)
+#else
+    #include <stdint.h>
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) _Generic((1 ? (void*) ((intptr_t) * 0) : (int*) 0), int*: 1, void*: 0)
+#endif
+#  elif \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(18,12,0) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION) || \
+       defined(__clang__)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) ( \
+        sizeof(void) != \
+        sizeof(*( \
+                  1 ? \
+                  ((void*) ((expr) * 0L) ) : \
+((struct { char v[sizeof(void) * 2]; } *) 1) \
+                ) \
+              ) \
+                                            )
+#  endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_)
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr)
+    #endif
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR(expr) (JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) ? (expr) : (-1))
+#else
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) (0)
+    #endif
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR(expr) (expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS extern "C" {
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS }
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL extern "C"
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT
+#endif
+#if \
+  !defined(__cplusplus) && ( \
+      (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L)) || \
+      (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(c_static_assert) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+      defined(_Static_assert) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message) _Static_assert(expr, message)
+#elif \
+  (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(16,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(static_assert(expr, message))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(nullptr)
+    #elif defined(NULL)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL NULL
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void*, 0)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(NULL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL NULL
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL ((void*) 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,4,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message msg)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(5,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(_CRI message msg)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(clang warning msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,4,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(GCC warning msg)
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(diagnose_if)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wgcc-compat")
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgcc-compat\"") \
+    __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), #expr, "error"))) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgcc-compat\"") \
+    __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), msg, "error"))) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr) __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), #expr, "error")))
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg) __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), msg, "error")))
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(flag_enum) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wbitfield-enum-conversion"))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS __attribute__((__flag_enum__))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST(T, expr) (__extension__ ({ \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+        _Pragma("warning(disable:188)") \
+        ((T) (expr)); \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP \
+    }))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST(T, expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#endif
+#if \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,23918) && !JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(20,0,0)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES __declspec(empty_bases)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#endif
+
+/* Remaining macros are deprecated. */
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(feature) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING(warning) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning)
+
+#endif /* !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION) || (JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION < X) */
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp b/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2b37a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5dbc19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+project('nlohmann_json',
+    'cpp',
+    version : '3.10.0',
+    license : 'MIT',
+)
+
+nlohmann_json_dep = declare_dependency(
+    include_directories: include_directories('single_include')
+)
+
+nlohmann_json_multiple_headers = declare_dependency(
+    include_directories: include_directories('include')
+)
+
+if not meson.is_subproject()
+install_headers('single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp', subdir: 'nlohmann')
+
+pkgc = import('pkgconfig')
+pkgc.generate(name: 'nlohmann_json',
+    version: meson.project_version(),
+    description: 'JSON for Modern C++'
+)
+endif
diff --git a/nlohmann_json.natvis b/nlohmann_json.natvis
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5577176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nlohmann_json.natvis
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
+    <Type Name="nlohmann::basic_json&lt;*&gt;">
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::null">null</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::object">{*(m_value.object)}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::array">{*(m_value.array)}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::string">{*(m_value.string)}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::boolean">{m_value.boolean}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::number_integer">{m_value.number_integer}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::number_unsigned">{m_value.number_unsigned}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::number_float">{m_value.number_float}</DisplayString>
+        <DisplayString Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::discarded">discarded</DisplayString>
+        <Expand>
+            <ExpandedItem Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::object">
+                *(m_value.object),view(simple)
+            </ExpandedItem>
+            <ExpandedItem Condition="m_type == nlohmann::detail::value_t::array">
+                *(m_value.array),view(simple)
+            </ExpandedItem>
+        </Expand>
+    </Type>
+
+    <!--    skip the pair first/second members in the treeview while traversing a map.
+            Only works in VS 2015 Update 2 and beyond using the new visualization -->
+    <Type Name="std::pair&lt;*, nlohmann::basic_json&lt;*&gt;&gt;" IncludeView="MapHelper">
+        <DisplayString>{second}</DisplayString>
+        <Expand>
+            <ExpandedItem>second</ExpandedItem>
+        </Expand>
+    </Type>
+
+</AutoVisualizer>
diff --git a/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd1dc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26601 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR 10
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH 0
+
+#include <algorithm> // all_of, find, for_each
+#include <cstddef> // nullptr_t, ptrdiff_t, size_t
+#include <functional> // hash, less
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <iosfwd> // istream, ostream
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+#include <iterator> // random_access_iterator_tag
+#include <memory> // unique_ptr
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string, stoi, to_string
+#include <utility> // declval, forward, move, pair, swap
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp>
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // transform
+#include <array> // array
+#include <forward_list> // forward_list
+#include <iterator> // inserter, front_inserter, end
+#include <map> // map
+#include <string> // string
+#include <tuple> // tuple, make_tuple
+#include <type_traits> // is_arithmetic, is_same, is_enum, underlying_type, is_convertible
+#include <unordered_map> // unordered_map
+#include <utility> // pair, declval
+#include <valarray> // valarray
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+
+#include <exception> // exception
+#include <stdexcept> // runtime_error
+#include <string> // to_string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <string> // string
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////////////
+// JSON type enumeration //
+///////////////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief the JSON type enumeration
+
+This enumeration collects the different JSON types. It is internally used to
+distinguish the stored values, and the functions @ref basic_json::is_null(),
+@ref basic_json::is_object(), @ref basic_json::is_array(),
+@ref basic_json::is_string(), @ref basic_json::is_boolean(),
+@ref basic_json::is_number() (with @ref basic_json::is_number_integer(),
+@ref basic_json::is_number_unsigned(), and @ref basic_json::is_number_float()),
+@ref basic_json::is_discarded(), @ref basic_json::is_primitive(), and
+@ref basic_json::is_structured() rely on it.
+
+@note There are three enumeration entries (number_integer, number_unsigned, and
+number_float), because the library distinguishes these three types for numbers:
+@ref basic_json::number_unsigned_t is used for unsigned integers,
+@ref basic_json::number_integer_t is used for signed integers, and
+@ref basic_json::number_float_t is used for floating-point numbers or to
+approximate integers which do not fit in the limits of their respective type.
+
+@sa see @ref basic_json::basic_json(const value_t value_type) -- create a JSON
+value with the default value for a given type
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+enum class value_t : std::uint8_t
+{
+    null,             ///< null value
+    object,           ///< object (unordered set of name/value pairs)
+    array,            ///< array (ordered collection of values)
+    string,           ///< string value
+    boolean,          ///< boolean value
+    number_integer,   ///< number value (signed integer)
+    number_unsigned,  ///< number value (unsigned integer)
+    number_float,     ///< number value (floating-point)
+    binary,           ///< binary array (ordered collection of bytes)
+    discarded         ///< discarded by the parser callback function
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief comparison operator for JSON types
+
+Returns an ordering that is similar to Python:
+- order: null < boolean < number < object < array < string < binary
+- furthermore, each type is not smaller than itself
+- discarded values are not comparable
+- binary is represented as a b"" string in python and directly comparable to a
+  string; however, making a binary array directly comparable with a string would
+  be surprising behavior in a JSON file.
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+inline bool operator<(const value_t lhs, const value_t rhs) noexcept
+{
+    static constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, 9> order = {{
+            0 /* null */, 3 /* object */, 4 /* array */, 5 /* string */,
+            1 /* boolean */, 2 /* integer */, 2 /* unsigned */, 2 /* float */,
+            6 /* binary */
+        }
+    };
+
+    const auto l_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(lhs);
+    const auto r_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(rhs);
+    return l_index < order.size() && r_index < order.size() && order[l_index] < order[r_index];
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+
+
+#include <string>
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+#include <utility> // pair
+// #include <nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp>
+
+
+/* Hedley - https://nemequ.github.io/hedley
+ * Created by Evan Nemerson <evan@nemerson.com>
+ *
+ * To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
+ * copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
+ * the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
+ * any warranty.
+ *
+ * For details, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+ */
+
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION) || (JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION < 15)
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION 15
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX(x) #x
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY(x) JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX(x)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX(a,b) a##b
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT(a,b) JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX(a,b)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX(a,b,c) a##b##c
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3(a,b,c) JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX(a,b,c)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major,minor,revision) (((major) * 1000000) + ((minor) * 1000) + (revision))
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR(version) ((version) / 1000000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR(version) (((version) % 1000000) / 1000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION(version) ((version) % 1000)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 140000000) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_FULL_VER / 10000000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 10000000) / 100000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 100000) / 100)
+#elif defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_FULL_VER / 1000000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 1000000) / 10000, (_MSC_FULL_VER % 10000) / 10)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 10000000) + (minor * 100000) + (patch)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 1000000) + (minor * 10000) + (patch)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (_MSC_VER >= ((major * 100) + (minor)))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER / 100, __INTEL_COMPILER % 100, __INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE)
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER / 100, __INTEL_COMPILER % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && defined(__INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE) && defined(__ICL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__INTEL_COMPILER, __INTEL_COMPILER_UPDATE, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__PGI) && defined(__PGIC__) && defined(__PGIC_MINOR__) && defined(__PGIC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__PGIC__, __PGIC_MINOR__, __PGIC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__SUNPRO_C) && (__SUNPRO_C > 0x1000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((((__SUNPRO_C >> 16) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_C >> 12) & 0xf), (((__SUNPRO_C >> 8) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_C >> 4) & 0xf), (__SUNPRO_C & 0xf) * 10)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__SUNPRO_C >> 8) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_C >> 4) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_C) & 0xf)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && (__SUNPRO_CC > 0x1000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((((__SUNPRO_CC >> 16) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_CC >> 12) & 0xf), (((__SUNPRO_CC >> 8) & 0xf) * 10) + ((__SUNPRO_CC >> 4) & 0xf), (__SUNPRO_CC & 0xf) * 10)
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__SUNPRO_CC >> 8) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_CC >> 4) & 0xf, (__SUNPRO_CC) & 0xf)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__EMSCRIPTEN_major__, __EMSCRIPTEN_minor__, __EMSCRIPTEN_tiny__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__CC_ARM) && defined(__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION / 1000000, (__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION % 1000000) / 10000, (__ARMCOMPILER_VERSION % 10000) / 100)
+#elif defined(__CC_ARM) && defined(__ARMCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ARMCC_VERSION / 1000000, (__ARMCC_VERSION % 1000000) / 10000, (__ARMCC_VERSION % 10000) / 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__ibmxl__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__ibmxl_version__, __ibmxl_release__, __ibmxl_modification__)
+#elif defined(__xlC__) && defined(__xlC_ver__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__xlC__ >> 8, __xlC__ & 0xff, (__xlC_ver__ >> 8) & 0xff)
+#elif defined(__xlC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__xlC__ >> 8, __xlC__ & 0xff, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && \
+    ( \
+      defined(__TMS470__) || defined(__TI_ARM__) || \
+      defined(__MSP430__) || \
+      defined(__TMS320C2000__) \
+    )
+#if (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ >= 16000000)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__TMS320C2000__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__MSP430__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && (defined(__TMS470__) || defined(__TI_ARM__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__TMS320C6X__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__C7000__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__) && defined(__PRU__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ / 1000000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000000) / 1000, (__TI_COMPILER_VERSION__ % 1000))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(_CRAYC)
+    #if defined(_RELEASE_PATCHLEVEL)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_RELEASE_MAJOR, _RELEASE_MINOR, _RELEASE_PATCHLEVEL)
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(_RELEASE_MAJOR, _RELEASE_MINOR, 0)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+    #if __VER__ > 1000
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE((__VER__ / 1000000), ((__VER__ / 1000) % 1000), (__VER__ % 1000))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__VER__ / 100, __VER__ % 100, 0)
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__TINYC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__TINYC__ / 1000, (__TINYC__ / 100) % 10, __TINYC__ % 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__DMC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__DMC__ >> 8, (__DMC__ >> 4) & 0xf, __DMC__ & 0xf)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__COMPCERT_VERSION__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__COMPCERT_VERSION__ / 10000, (__COMPCERT_VERSION__ / 100) % 100, __COMPCERT_VERSION__ % 100)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__POCC__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__POCC__ / 100, __POCC__ % 100, 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__LCC__) && defined(__LCC_MINOR__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(__LCC__ / 100, __LCC__ % 100, __LCC_MINOR__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(__clang__) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(__COMPCERT__) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION >= JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE(major, minor, patch))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if \
+  defined(__has_attribute) && \
+  ( \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,5,9)) \
+  )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && \
+    defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS
+#endif
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || !defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) (0)
+#elif \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0)) && \
+    (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,20,0))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(ns::attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(ns,attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_cpp_attribute) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_cpp_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_builtin)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) __has_feature(feature)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE(feature,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_extension)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) __has_extension(extension)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION(extension,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_declspec_attribute)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) __has_declspec_attribute(attribute)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#if defined(__has_warning)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) __has_warning(warning)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING(warning,major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if \
+    (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)) || \
+    defined(__clang__) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,7,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,1) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(5,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,17) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) && defined(__C99_PRAGMA_OPERATOR))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value) _Pragma(#value)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value) __pragma(value)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(value)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("warning(push)")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("warning(pop)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("pop")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("diag_push")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("diag_pop")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,90,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH _Pragma("warning(push)")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP _Pragma("warning(pop)")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#endif
+
+/* JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_ is for
+   HEDLEY INTERNAL USE ONLY.  API subject to change without notice. */
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+#    if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++17-extensions")
+#      if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++1z-extensions")
+#        define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++17-extensions\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++1z-extensions\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#      else
+#        define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++17-extensions\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#      endif
+#    else
+#      define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(xpr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wc++98-compat\"") \
+    xpr \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(x) x
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) (const_cast<T>(expr))
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wcast-qual") || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) (__extension__ ({ \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL \
+        ((T) (expr)); \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP \
+    }))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST(T, expr) (reinterpret_cast<T>(expr))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr) (static_cast<T>(expr))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wold-style-cast\"") \
+    ((T) (expr)) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe137") \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) ((T) (expr))
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST(T, expr) (expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("warning(disable:1478 1786)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED __pragma(warning(disable:1478 1786))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(20,7,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1216,1444,1445")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1444")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED __pragma(warning(disable:4996))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1215,1444")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress 1291,1718")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("error_messages(off,E_DEPRECATED_ATT,E_DEPRECATED_ATT_MESS)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("error_messages(off,symdeprecated,symdeprecated2)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe1444,Pe1215")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,90,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED _Pragma("warn(disable:2241)")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-pragmas\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("warning(disable:161)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS __pragma(warning(disable:161))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 1675")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-pragmas\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS __pragma(warning(disable:4068))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(16,9,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,3,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 163")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 163")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe161")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS _Pragma("diag_suppress 161")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-attributes")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunknown-attributes\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,6,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(17,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("warning(disable:1292)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES __pragma(warning(disable:1292))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES __pragma(warning(disable:5030))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(20,7,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097,1098")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,14,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("error_messages(off,attrskipunsup)")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1173")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress=Pe1097")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES _Pragma("diag_suppress 1097")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wcast-qual")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wcast-qual\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("warning(disable:2203 2331)")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wcast-qual\"")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-function\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-function\"")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(1,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION __pragma(warning(disable:4505))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION _Pragma("diag_suppress 3142")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __declspec(deprecated("Since " # since))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __declspec(deprecated("Since " #since "; use " #replacement))
+#elif \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(attribute_deprecated_with_message) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,13,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(18,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((__deprecated__("Since " #since)))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __attribute__((__deprecated__("Since " #since "; use " #replacement)))
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201402L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[deprecated("Since " #since)]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[deprecated("Since " #since "; use " #replacement)]])
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(6,50,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) __declspec(deprecated)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) __declspec(deprecated)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since) _Pragma("deprecated")
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement) _Pragma("deprecated")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED(since)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(since, replacement)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(warning) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE(available_since) __attribute__((__warning__("Not available until " #available_since)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE(available_since)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(warn_unused_result) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))
+#elif (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard) >= 201907L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard(msg)]])
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(nodiscard)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[nodiscard]])
+#elif defined(_Check_return_) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT _Check_return_
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg) _Check_return_
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(sentinel) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL(position) __attribute__((__sentinel__(position)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL(position)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __noreturn
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Noreturn
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[noreturn]])
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Pragma("does_not_return")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN _Pragma("FUNC_NEVER_RETURNS;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __attribute((noreturn))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noescape)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE __attribute__((__noescape__))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) __assume(expr)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_assume)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) __builtin_assume(expr)
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0)
+    #if defined(__cplusplus)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) std::_nassert(expr)
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) _nassert(expr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_unreachable) && (!defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION))) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,5) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(10,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable()
+#elif defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME)
+    #if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, ((expr) ? 1 : (JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE(), 1)))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #if  \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) return (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)), (value))
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE()
+    #endif
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(value) return (value)
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE() JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME(0)
+#endif
+
+JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wpedantic")
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic") && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING("-Wvariadic-macros",4,0,0)
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+    #elif defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION)
+        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wvariadic-macros"
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(nonnull) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(...) __attribute__((__nonnull__(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(...)
+#endif
+JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT
+#endif
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) && JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format,4,4,0) && !defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(ms_printf, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format,4,4,0) && defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(gnu_printf, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(format) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,6,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_idx, first_to_check)))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check) __declspec(vaformat(printf,string_idx,first_to_check))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT(string_idx,first_to_check)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(constexpr)
+    #endif
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_unpredictable)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE(expr) __builtin_unpredictable((expr))
+#endif
+#if \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect_with_probability) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, value, probability) __builtin_expect_with_probability(  (expr), (value), (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability)   __builtin_expect_with_probability(!!(expr),    1   , (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability)  __builtin_expect_with_probability(!!(expr),    0   , (probability))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr)                      __builtin_expect                 (!!(expr),    1                  )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr)                    __builtin_expect                 (!!(expr),    0                  )
+#elif \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,15,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,7,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,27) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, expected, probability) \
+    (((probability) >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect((expr), (expected)) : (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expected), (expr)))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability) \
+    (__extension__ ({ \
+        double hedley_probability_ = (probability); \
+        ((hedley_probability_ >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1) : ((hedley_probability_ <= 0.1) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0) : !!(expr))); \
+    }))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability) \
+    (__extension__ ({ \
+        double hedley_probability_ = (probability); \
+        ((hedley_probability_ >= 0.9) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0) : ((hedley_probability_ <= 0.1) ? __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1) : !!(expr))); \
+    }))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr)   __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr) __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0)
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, expected, probability) (JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void, expected), (expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_TRUE(expr, probability) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT_FALSE(expr, probability) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#endif
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT(expr, 1, 0.5)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(malloc) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(12,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC __attribute__((__malloc__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC _Pragma("returns_new_memory")
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC __declspec(restrict)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+#if \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(pure) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(2,96,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE __attribute__((__pure__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE _Pragma("does_not_write_global_data")
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    ( \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,1) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE _Pragma("FUNC_IS_PURE;")
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CONST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(const) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(2,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST __attribute__((__const__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST _Pragma("no_side_effect")
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_CONST JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#endif
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT restrict
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(14,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(17,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,4) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,14,0) && defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    defined(__clang__) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT __restrict
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,3,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT _Restrict
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+    (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)) || \
+    (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 199711L))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE inline
+#elif \
+    defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE __inline__
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(12,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(3,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE __inline
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(always_inline) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+  (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((__always_inline__)) JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(12,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    ( \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE _Pragma("FUNC_ALWAYS_INLINE;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE _Pragma("inline=forced")
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(noinline) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(10,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK(15,12,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK(5,2,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK(6,4,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,0,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(4,3,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK(1,2,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK(2,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,10,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __attribute__((__noinline__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,10,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(10,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("noinline")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) && defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("FUNC_CANNOT_INLINE;")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE _Pragma("inline=never")
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK(3,2,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __attribute((noinline))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(9,0,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT
+#endif
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC   __declspec(dllexport)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT   __declspec(dllimport)
+#else
+#  if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(visibility) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,11,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    ( \
+      defined(__TI_EABI__) && \
+      ( \
+        (JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,2,0) && defined(__TI_GNU_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORT__)) || \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(7,5,0) \
+      ) \
+    ) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE __attribute__((__visibility__("hidden")))
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC  __attribute__((__visibility__("default")))
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#  endif
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT    extern
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(nothrow) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,3,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW __attribute__((__nothrow__))
+#elif \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW __declspec(nothrow)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(7,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH __attribute__((__fallthrough__))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS(clang,fallthrough)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[clang::fallthrough]])
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_([[fallthrough]])
+#elif defined(__fallthrough) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH __fallthrough
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(returns_nonnull) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL __attribute__((__returns_nonnull__))
+#elif defined(_Ret_notnull_) /* SAL */
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL _Ret_notnull_
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM
+#endif
+#if \
+    defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) && \
+    !defined(__STDC_NO_VLA__) && \
+    !defined(__cplusplus) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+    !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM(name) (name)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM(name)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+/* JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_ is for
+   HEDLEY INTERNAL USE ONLY.  API subject to change without notice. */
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_
+#endif
+#if \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_constant_p) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,19) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(4,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK(6,1,0) || \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK(5,10,0) && !defined(__cplusplus)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK(1,25,10)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) __builtin_constant_p(expr)
+#endif
+#if !defined(__cplusplus)
+#  if \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_types_compatible_p) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(3,4,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(13,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(8,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,4,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK(0,9,24)
+#if defined(__INTPTR_TYPE__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) __builtin_types_compatible_p(__typeof__((1 ? (void*) ((__INTPTR_TYPE__) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0)), int*)
+#else
+    #include <stdint.h>
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) __builtin_types_compatible_p(__typeof__((1 ? (void*) ((intptr_t) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0)), int*)
+#endif
+#  elif \
+       ( \
+          defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION) && \
+          !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+       (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(c_generic_selections) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION)) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(17,0,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK(12,1,0) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK(5,3,0)
+#if defined(__INTPTR_TYPE__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) _Generic((1 ? (void*) ((__INTPTR_TYPE__) ((expr) * 0)) : (int*) 0), int*: 1, void*: 0)
+#else
+    #include <stdint.h>
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) _Generic((1 ? (void*) ((intptr_t) * 0) : (int*) 0), int*: 1, void*: 0)
+#endif
+#  elif \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION) || \
+       JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK(18,12,0) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION) || \
+       defined(JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION) || \
+       defined(__clang__)
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) ( \
+        sizeof(void) != \
+        sizeof(*( \
+                  1 ? \
+                  ((void*) ((expr) * 0L) ) : \
+((struct { char v[sizeof(void) * 2]; } *) 1) \
+                ) \
+              ) \
+                                            )
+#  endif
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_)
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr)
+    #endif
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR(expr) (JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_(expr) ? (expr) : (-1))
+#else
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT(expr) (0)
+    #endif
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR(expr) (expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS extern "C" {
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS }
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL extern "C"
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT
+#endif
+#if \
+  !defined(__cplusplus) && ( \
+      (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L)) || \
+      (JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(c_static_assert) && !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION)) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(6,0,0) || \
+      JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0) || \
+      defined(_Static_assert) \
+    )
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message) _Static_assert(expr, message)
+#elif \
+  (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(16,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message) JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(static_assert(expr, message))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT(expr, message)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_NULL)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_NULL
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+    #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_(nullptr)
+    #elif defined(NULL)
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL NULL
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(void*, 0)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(NULL)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL NULL
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_NULL ((void*) 0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,4,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message msg)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK(5,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(_CRI message msg)
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK(8,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#elif JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK(2,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(clang warning msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,8,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK(18,4,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(13,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(GCC warning msg)
+#elif \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(15,0,0) || \
+  JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(message(msg))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING(msg) JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE(msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(diagnose_if)
+#  if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wgcc-compat")
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgcc-compat\"") \
+    __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), #expr, "error"))) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgcc-compat\"") \
+    __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), msg, "error"))) \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#  else
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr) __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), #expr, "error")))
+#    define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg) __attribute__((diagnose_if(!(expr), msg, "error")))
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE(expr)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG(expr,msg)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(flag_enum) && (!defined(__cplusplus) || JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING("-Wbitfield-enum-conversion"))
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS __attribute__((__flag_enum__))
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST
+#endif
+#if JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,0)
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST(T, expr) (__extension__ ({ \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH \
+        _Pragma("warning(disable:188)") \
+        ((T) (expr)); \
+        JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP \
+    }))
+#else
+#  define JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST(T, expr) JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST(T, expr)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#endif
+#if \
+    (JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(19,0,23918) && !JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(20,0,0)) || \
+    JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK(2021,1,0)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES __declspec(empty_bases)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#endif
+
+/* Remaining macros are deprecated. */
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) (0)
+#else
+    #define JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch) JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,patch)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE(feature) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE(feature)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION(extension) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION(extension)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE(attribute)
+
+#if defined(JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING)
+    #undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING
+#endif
+#define JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING(warning) JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING(warning)
+
+#endif /* !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION) || (JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION < X) */
+
+
+// This file contains all internal macro definitions
+// You MUST include macro_unscope.hpp at the end of json.hpp to undef all of them
+
+// exclude unsupported compilers
+#if !defined(JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK)
+    #if defined(__clang__)
+        #if (__clang_major__ * 10000 + __clang_minor__ * 100 + __clang_patchlevel__) < 30400
+            #error "unsupported Clang version - see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers"
+        #endif
+    #elif defined(__GNUC__) && !(defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER))
+        #if (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) < 40800
+            #error "unsupported GCC version - see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers"
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+// C++ language standard detection
+// if the user manually specified the used c++ version this is skipped
+#if !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_20) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14) && !defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_11)
+    #if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L)
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX14) && _HAS_CXX14 == 1)
+        #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #endif
+    // the cpp 11 flag is always specified because it is the minimal required version
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_11
+#endif
+
+// disable documentation warnings on clang
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic push
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation"
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation-unknown-command"
+#endif
+
+// allow to disable exceptions
+#if (defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)) && !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+    #define JSON_THROW(exception) throw exception
+    #define JSON_TRY try
+    #define JSON_CATCH(exception) catch(exception)
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH(exception) catch(exception)
+#else
+    #include <cstdlib>
+    #define JSON_THROW(exception) std::abort()
+    #define JSON_TRY if(true)
+    #define JSON_CATCH(exception) if(false)
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH(exception) if(false)
+#endif
+
+// override exception macros
+#if defined(JSON_THROW_USER)
+    #undef JSON_THROW
+    #define JSON_THROW JSON_THROW_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_TRY_USER)
+    #undef JSON_TRY
+    #define JSON_TRY JSON_TRY_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_CATCH_USER)
+    #undef JSON_CATCH
+    #define JSON_CATCH JSON_CATCH_USER
+    #undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH JSON_CATCH_USER
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH_USER)
+    #undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+    #define JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH_USER
+#endif
+
+// allow to override assert
+#if !defined(JSON_ASSERT)
+    #include <cassert> // assert
+    #define JSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif
+
+// allow to access some private functions (needed by the test suite)
+#if defined(JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE)
+    #define JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED public
+#else
+    #define JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED private
+#endif
+
+/*!
+@brief macro to briefly define a mapping between an enum and JSON
+@def NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM
+@since version 3.4.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(ENUM_TYPE, ...)                                            \
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>                                                            \
+    inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const ENUM_TYPE& e)                                   \
+    {                                                                                           \
+        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
+        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
+        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
+                               [e](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool  \
+        {                                                                                       \
+            return ej_pair.first == e;                                                          \
+        });                                                                                     \
+        j = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->second;                                 \
+    }                                                                                           \
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>                                                            \
+    inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ENUM_TYPE& e)                                 \
+    {                                                                                           \
+        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
+        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
+        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
+                               [&j](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool \
+        {                                                                                       \
+            return ej_pair.second == j;                                                         \
+        });                                                                                     \
+        e = ((it != std::end(m)) ? it : std::begin(m))->first;                                  \
+    }
+
+// Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They
+// may be removed in the future once the class is split.
+
+#define NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION                                \
+    template<template<typename, typename, typename...> class ObjectType,   \
+             template<typename, typename...> class ArrayType,              \
+             class StringType, class BooleanType, class NumberIntegerType, \
+             class NumberUnsignedType, class NumberFloatType,              \
+             template<typename> class AllocatorType,                       \
+             template<typename, typename = void> class JSONSerializer,     \
+             class BinaryType>
+
+#define NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL                                            \
+    basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, BooleanType,             \
+    NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, NumberFloatType,                \
+    AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType>
+
+// Macros to simplify conversion from/to types
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND( x ) x
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, _16, _17, _18, _19, _20, _21, _22, _23, _24, _25, _26, _27, _28, _29, _30, _31, _32, _33, _34, _35, _36, _37, _38, _39, _40, _41, _42, _43, _44, _45, _46, _47, _48, _49, _50, _51, _52, _53, _54, _55, _56, _57, _58, _59, _60, _61, _62, _63, _64, NAME,...) NAME
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(...) NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE64, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2, \
+        NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE1)(__VA_ARGS__))
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) func(v1)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3(func, v1, v2) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v2)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4(func, v1, v2, v3) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE3(func, v2, v3)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5(func, v1, v2, v3, v4) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE4(func, v2, v3, v4)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE5(func, v2, v3, v4, v5)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE6(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE7(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE8(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE9(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE10(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE11(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE12(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE13(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE14(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE15(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE16(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE17(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE18(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE19(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE20(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE21(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE22(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE23(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE24(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE25(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE26(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE27(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE28(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE29(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE30(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE31(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE32(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE33(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE34(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE35(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE36(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE37(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE38(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE39(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE40(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE41(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE42(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE43(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE44(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE45(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE46(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE47(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE48(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE49(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE50(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE51(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE52(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE53(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE54(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE55(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE56(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE57(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE58(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE59(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE60(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE61(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE62(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62)
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE64(func, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62, v63) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE63(func, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14, v15, v16, v17, v18, v19, v20, v21, v22, v23, v24, v25, v26, v27, v28, v29, v30, v31, v32, v33, v34, v35, v36, v37, v38, v39, v40, v41, v42, v43, v44, v45, v46, v47, v48, v49, v50, v51, v52, v53, v54, v55, v56, v57, v58, v59, v60, v61, v62, v63)
+
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_TO(v1) nlohmann_json_j[#v1] = nlohmann_json_t.v1;
+#define NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM(v1) nlohmann_json_j.at(#v1).get_to(nlohmann_json_t.v1);
+
+/*!
+@brief macro
+@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \
+    friend void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \
+    friend void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }
+
+/*!
+@brief macro
+@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \
+    inline void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \
+    inline void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }
+
+#ifndef JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    #define JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS 1
+#endif
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    #define JSON_EXPLICIT
+#else
+    #define JSON_EXPLICIT explicit
+#endif
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief replace all occurrences of a substring by another string
+
+@param[in,out] s  the string to manipulate; changed so that all
+               occurrences of @a f are replaced with @a t
+@param[in]     f  the substring to replace with @a t
+@param[in]     t  the string to replace @a f
+
+@pre The search string @a f must not be empty. **This precondition is
+enforced with an assertion.**
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+inline void replace_substring(std::string& s, const std::string& f,
+                              const std::string& t)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(!f.empty());
+    for (auto pos = s.find(f);                // find first occurrence of f
+            pos != std::string::npos;         // make sure f was found
+            s.replace(pos, f.size(), t),      // replace with t, and
+            pos = s.find(f, pos + t.size()))  // find next occurrence of f
+    {}
+}
+
+/*!
+ * @brief string escaping as described in RFC 6901 (Sect. 4)
+ * @param[in] s string to escape
+ * @return    escaped string
+ *
+ * Note the order of escaping "~" to "~0" and "/" to "~1" is important.
+ */
+inline std::string escape(std::string s)
+{
+    replace_substring(s, "~", "~0");
+    replace_substring(s, "/", "~1");
+    return s;
+}
+
+/*!
+ * @brief string unescaping as described in RFC 6901 (Sect. 4)
+ * @param[in] s string to unescape
+ * @return    unescaped string
+ *
+ * Note the order of escaping "~1" to "/" and "~0" to "~" is important.
+ */
+static void unescape(std::string& s)
+{
+    replace_substring(s, "~1", "/");
+    replace_substring(s, "~0", "~");
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// struct to capture the start position of the current token
+struct position_t
+{
+    /// the total number of characters read
+    std::size_t chars_read_total = 0;
+    /// the number of characters read in the current line
+    std::size_t chars_read_current_line = 0;
+    /// the number of lines read
+    std::size_t lines_read = 0;
+
+    /// conversion to size_t to preserve SAX interface
+    constexpr operator size_t() const
+    {
+        return chars_read_total;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+////////////////
+// exceptions //
+////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief general exception of the @ref basic_json class
+
+This class is an extension of `std::exception` objects with a member @a id for
+exception ids. It is used as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the
+@ref basic_json class. This class can hence be used as "wildcard" to catch
+exceptions.
+
+Subclasses:
+- @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+- @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+- @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                  a wrong type
+- @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+- @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@internal
+@note To have nothrow-copy-constructible exceptions, we internally use
+      `std::runtime_error` which can cope with arbitrary-length error messages.
+      Intermediate strings are built with static functions and then passed to
+      the actual constructor.
+@endinternal
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how arbitrary library exceptions can be
+caught.,exception}
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class exception : public std::exception
+{
+  public:
+    /// returns the explanatory string
+    const char* what() const noexcept override
+    {
+        return m.what();
+    }
+
+    /// the id of the exception
+    const int id; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-non-private-member-variables-in-classes)
+
+  protected:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    exception(int id_, const char* what_arg) : id(id_), m(what_arg) {}
+
+    static std::string name(const std::string& ename, int id_)
+    {
+        return "[json.exception." + ename + "." + std::to_string(id_) + "] ";
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static std::string diagnostics(const BasicJsonType& leaf_element)
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+        for (const auto* current = &leaf_element; current->m_parent != nullptr; current = current->m_parent)
+        {
+            switch (current->m_parent->type())
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < current->m_parent->m_value.array->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        if (&current->m_parent->m_value.array->operator[](i) == current)
+                        {
+                            tokens.emplace_back(std::to_string(i));
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    for (const auto& element : *current->m_parent->m_value.object)
+                    {
+                        if (&element.second == current)
+                        {
+                            tokens.emplace_back(element.first.c_str());
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::string: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::boolean: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_integer: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_unsigned: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_float: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::binary: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::discarded: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                default:   // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    break; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (tokens.empty())
+        {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        return "(" + std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
+                                     [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
+        {
+            return a + "/" + detail::escape(b);
+        }) + ") ";
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(leaf_element);
+        return "";
+#endif
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// an exception object as storage for error messages
+    std::runtime_error m;
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating a parse error
+
+This exception is thrown by the library when a parse error occurs. Parse errors
+can occur during the deserialization of JSON text, CBOR, MessagePack, as well
+as when using JSON Patch.
+
+Member @a byte holds the byte index of the last read character in the input
+file.
+
+Exceptions have ids 1xx.
+
+name / id                      | example message | description
+------------------------------ | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.parse_error.101 | parse error at 2: unexpected end of input; expected string literal | This error indicates a syntax error while deserializing a JSON text. The error message describes that an unexpected token (character) was encountered, and the member @a byte indicates the error position.
+json.exception.parse_error.102 | parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate | JSON uses the `\uxxxx` format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above above 0xFFFF are split into two `\uxxxx` entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.
+json.exception.parse_error.103 | parse error: code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid | Unicode supports code points up to 0x10FFFF. Code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid.
+json.exception.parse_error.104 | parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects | [RFC 6902](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902) requires a JSON Patch document to be a JSON document that represents an array of objects.
+json.exception.parse_error.105 | parse error: operation must have string member 'op' | An operation of a JSON Patch document must contain exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform. Its value must be one of "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or "test"; other values are errors.
+json.exception.parse_error.106 | parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0' | An array index in a JSON Pointer ([RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) may be `0` or any number without a leading `0`.
+json.exception.parse_error.107 | parse error: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo' | A JSON Pointer must be a Unicode string containing a sequence of zero or more reference tokens, each prefixed by a `/` character.
+json.exception.parse_error.108 | parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1' | In a JSON Pointer, only `~0` and `~1` are valid escape sequences.
+json.exception.parse_error.109 | parse error: array index 'one' is not a number | A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
+json.exception.parse_error.110 | parse error at 1: cannot read 2 bytes from vector | When parsing CBOR or MessagePack, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.
+json.exception.parse_error.112 | parse error at 1: error reading CBOR; last byte: 0xF8 | Not all types of CBOR or MessagePack are supported. This exception occurs if an unsupported byte was read.
+json.exception.parse_error.113 | parse error at 2: expected a CBOR string; last byte: 0x98 | While parsing a map key, a value that is not a string has been read.
+json.exception.parse_error.114 | parse error: Unsupported BSON record type 0x0F | The parsing of the corresponding BSON record type is not implemented (yet).
+json.exception.parse_error.115 | parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1A | A UBJSON high-precision number could not be parsed.
+
+@note For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1
+      is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also
+      holds true when reading a byte vector (CBOR or MessagePack).
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how a `parse_error` exception can be
+caught.,parse_error}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class parse_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a parse error exception
+    @param[in] id_       the id of the exception
+    @param[in] pos       the position where the error occurred (or with
+                         chars_read_total=0 if the position cannot be
+                         determined)
+    @param[in] what_arg  the explanatory string
+    @return parse_error object
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static parse_error create(int id_, const position_t& pos, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("parse_error", id_) + "parse error" +
+                        position_string(pos) + ": " + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return parse_error(id_, pos.chars_read_total, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static parse_error create(int id_, std::size_t byte_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("parse_error", id_) + "parse error" +
+                        (byte_ != 0 ? (" at byte " + std::to_string(byte_)) : "") +
+                        ": " + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return parse_error(id_, byte_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief byte index of the parse error
+
+    The byte index of the last read character in the input file.
+
+    @note For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and
+          n+1 is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file.
+          This also holds true when reading a byte vector (CBOR or MessagePack).
+    */
+    const std::size_t byte;
+
+  private:
+    parse_error(int id_, std::size_t byte_, const char* what_arg)
+        : exception(id_, what_arg), byte(byte_) {}
+
+    static std::string position_string(const position_t& pos)
+    {
+        return " at line " + std::to_string(pos.lines_read + 1) +
+               ", column " + std::to_string(pos.chars_read_current_line);
+    }
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating errors with iterators
+
+This exception is thrown if iterators passed to a library function do not match
+the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 2xx.
+
+name / id                           | example message | description
+----------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.201 | iterators are not compatible | The iterators passed to constructor @ref basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last) are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (@a first, @a last) is invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.202 | iterator does not fit current value | In an erase or insert function, the passed iterator @a pos does not belong to the JSON value for which the function was called. It hence does not define a valid position for the deletion/insertion.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.203 | iterators do not fit current value | Either iterator passed to function @ref erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last) does not belong to the JSON value from which values shall be erased. It hence does not define a valid range to delete values from.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.204 | iterators out of range | When an iterator range for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to a constructor or an erase function, this range has to be exactly (@ref begin(), @ref end()), because this is the only way the single stored value is expressed. All other ranges are invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.205 | iterator out of range | When an iterator for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to an erase function, the iterator has to be the @ref begin() iterator, because it is the only way to address the stored value. All other iterators are invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.206 | cannot construct with iterators from null | The iterators passed to constructor @ref basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last) belong to a JSON null value and hence to not define a valid range.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.207 | cannot use key() for non-object iterators | The key() member function can only be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because other types do not have a concept of a key.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.208 | cannot use operator[] for object iterators | The operator[] to specify a concrete offset cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.209 | cannot use offsets with object iterators | The offset operators (+, -, +=, -=) cannot be used on iterators belonging to a JSON object, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.210 | iterators do not fit | The iterator range passed to the insert function are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (@a first, @a last) is invalid.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.211 | passed iterators may not belong to container | The iterator range passed to the insert function must not be a subrange of the container to insert to.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.212 | cannot compare iterators of different containers | When two iterators are compared, they must belong to the same container.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.213 | cannot compare order of object iterators | The order of object iterators cannot be compared, because JSON objects are unordered.
+json.exception.invalid_iterator.214 | cannot get value | Cannot get value for iterator: Either the iterator belongs to a null value or it is an iterator to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but the iterator is different to @ref begin().
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `invalid_iterator` exception can be
+caught.,invalid_iterator}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class invalid_iterator : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static invalid_iterator create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("invalid_iterator", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return invalid_iterator(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    invalid_iterator(int id_, const char* what_arg)
+        : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating executing a member function with a wrong type
+
+This exception is thrown in case of a type error; that is, a library function is
+executed on a JSON value whose type does not match the expected semantics.
+
+Exceptions have ids 3xx.
+
+name / id                     | example message | description
+----------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.type_error.301 | cannot create object from initializer list | To create an object from an initializer list, the initializer list must consist only of a list of pairs whose first element is a string. When this constraint is violated, an array is created instead.
+json.exception.type_error.302 | type must be object, but is array | During implicit or explicit value conversion, the JSON type must be compatible to the target type. For instance, a JSON string can only be converted into string types, but not into numbers or boolean types.
+json.exception.type_error.303 | incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object | To retrieve a reference to a value stored in a @ref basic_json object with @ref get_ref, the type of the reference must match the value type. For instance, for a JSON array, the @a ReferenceType must be @ref array_t &.
+json.exception.type_error.304 | cannot use at() with string | The @ref at() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.305 | cannot use operator[] with string | The @ref operator[] member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.306 | cannot use value() with string | The @ref value() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.307 | cannot use erase() with string | The @ref erase() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.308 | cannot use push_back() with string | The @ref push_back() and @ref operator+= member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.309 | cannot use insert() with | The @ref insert() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.310 | cannot use swap() with number | The @ref swap() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.311 | cannot use emplace_back() with string | The @ref emplace_back() member function can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.312 | cannot use update() with string | The @ref update() member functions can only be executed for certain JSON types.
+json.exception.type_error.313 | invalid value to unflatten | The @ref unflatten function converts an object whose keys are JSON Pointers back into an arbitrary nested JSON value. The JSON Pointers must not overlap, because then the resulting value would not be well defined.
+json.exception.type_error.314 | only objects can be unflattened | The @ref unflatten function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers.
+json.exception.type_error.315 | values in object must be primitive | The @ref unflatten function only works for an object whose keys are JSON Pointers and whose values are primitive.
+json.exception.type_error.316 | invalid UTF-8 byte at index 10: 0x7E | The @ref dump function only works with UTF-8 encoded strings; that is, if you assign a `std::string` to a JSON value, make sure it is UTF-8 encoded. |
+json.exception.type_error.317 | JSON value cannot be serialized to requested format | The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serialization format (e.g. a raw `true` or `null` JSON object cannot be serialized to BSON) |
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how a `type_error` exception can be
+caught.,type_error}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class type_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static type_error create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("type_error", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return type_error(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    type_error(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating access out of the defined range
+
+This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input
+parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance in case of array
+indices or nonexisting object keys.
+
+Exceptions have ids 4xx.
+
+name / id                       | example message | description
+------------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.out_of_range.401 | array index 3 is out of range | The provided array index @a i is larger than @a size-1.
+json.exception.out_of_range.402 | array index '-' (3) is out of range | The special array index `-` in a JSON Pointer never describes a valid element of the array, but the index past the end. That is, it can only be used to add elements at this position, but not to read it.
+json.exception.out_of_range.403 | key 'foo' not found | The provided key was not found in the JSON object.
+json.exception.out_of_range.404 | unresolved reference token 'foo' | A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved.
+json.exception.out_of_range.405 | JSON pointer has no parent | The JSON Patch operations 'remove' and 'add' can not be applied to the root element of the JSON value.
+json.exception.out_of_range.406 | number overflow parsing '10E1000' | A parsed number could not be stored as without changing it to NaN or INF.
+json.exception.out_of_range.407 | number overflow serializing '9223372036854775808' | UBJSON and BSON only support integer numbers up to 9223372036854775807. (until version 3.8.0) |
+json.exception.out_of_range.408 | excessive array size: 8658170730974374167 | The size (following `#`) of an UBJSON array or object exceeds the maximal capacity. |
+json.exception.out_of_range.409 | BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2) | Key identifiers to be serialized to BSON cannot contain code point U+0000, since the key is stored as zero-terminated c-string |
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `out_of_range` exception can be
+caught.,out_of_range}
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref other_error for exceptions indicating other library errors
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class out_of_range : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static out_of_range create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("out_of_range", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return out_of_range(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    out_of_range(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief exception indicating other library errors
+
+This exception is thrown in case of errors that cannot be classified with the
+other exception types.
+
+Exceptions have ids 5xx.
+
+name / id                      | example message | description
+------------------------------ | --------------- | -------------------------
+json.exception.other_error.501 | unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/baz", "value":"bar"} | A JSON Patch operation 'test' failed. The unsuccessful operation is also printed.
+
+@sa - @ref exception for the base class of the library exceptions
+@sa - @ref parse_error for exceptions indicating a parse error
+@sa - @ref invalid_iterator for exceptions indicating errors with iterators
+@sa - @ref type_error for exceptions indicating executing a member function with
+                    a wrong type
+@sa - @ref out_of_range for exceptions indicating access out of the defined range
+
+@liveexample{The following code shows how an `other_error` exception can be
+caught.,other_error}
+
+@since version 3.0.0
+*/
+class other_error : public exception
+{
+  public:
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static other_error create(int id_, const std::string& what_arg, const BasicJsonType& context)
+    {
+        std::string w = exception::name("other_error", id_) + exception::diagnostics(context) + what_arg;
+        return other_error(id_, w.c_str());
+    }
+
+  private:
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    other_error(int id_, const char* what_arg) : exception(id_, what_arg) {}
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <type_traits> // conditional, enable_if, false_type, integral_constant, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, remove_cv, remove_reference, true_type
+#include <utility> // index_sequence, make_index_sequence, index_sequence_for
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+template<typename T>
+using uncvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+
+// the following utilities are natively available in C++14
+using std::enable_if_t;
+using std::index_sequence;
+using std::make_index_sequence;
+using std::index_sequence_for;
+
+#else
+
+// alias templates to reduce boilerplate
+template<bool B, typename T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+
+// The following code is taken from https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp/blob/10cb35e459f5ecca5b2ff107635da0bfa41011b4/absl/utility/utility.h
+// which is part of Google Abseil (https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp), licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
+
+//// START OF CODE FROM GOOGLE ABSEIL
+
+// integer_sequence
+//
+// Class template representing a compile-time integer sequence. An instantiation
+// of `integer_sequence<T, Ints...>` has a sequence of integers encoded in its
+// type through its template arguments (which is a common need when
+// working with C++11 variadic templates). `absl::integer_sequence` is designed
+// to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's `std::integer_sequence`.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   template< class T, T... Ints >
+//   void user_function(integer_sequence<T, Ints...>);
+//
+//   int main()
+//   {
+//     // user_function's `T` will be deduced to `int` and `Ints...`
+//     // will be deduced to `0, 1, 2, 3, 4`.
+//     user_function(make_integer_sequence<int, 5>());
+//   }
+template <typename T, T... Ints>
+struct integer_sequence
+{
+    using value_type = T;
+    static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept
+    {
+        return sizeof...(Ints);
+    }
+};
+
+// index_sequence
+//
+// A helper template for an `integer_sequence` of `size_t`,
+// `absl::index_sequence` is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::index_sequence`.
+template <size_t... Ints>
+using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, Ints...>;
+
+namespace utility_internal
+{
+
+template <typename Seq, size_t SeqSize, size_t Rem>
+struct Extend;
+
+// Note that SeqSize == sizeof...(Ints). It's passed explicitly for efficiency.
+template <typename T, T... Ints, size_t SeqSize>
+struct Extend<integer_sequence<T, Ints...>, SeqSize, 0>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence < T, Ints..., (Ints + SeqSize)... >;
+};
+
+template <typename T, T... Ints, size_t SeqSize>
+struct Extend<integer_sequence<T, Ints...>, SeqSize, 1>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence < T, Ints..., (Ints + SeqSize)..., 2 * SeqSize >;
+};
+
+// Recursion helper for 'make_integer_sequence<T, N>'.
+// 'Gen<T, N>::type' is an alias for 'integer_sequence<T, 0, 1, ... N-1>'.
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct Gen
+{
+    using type =
+        typename Extend < typename Gen < T, N / 2 >::type, N / 2, N % 2 >::type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct Gen<T, 0>
+{
+    using type = integer_sequence<T>;
+};
+
+}  // namespace utility_internal
+
+// Compile-time sequences of integers
+
+// make_integer_sequence
+//
+// This template alias is equivalent to
+// `integer_sequence<int, 0, 1, ..., N-1>`, and is designed to be a drop-in
+// replacement for C++14's `std::make_integer_sequence`.
+template <typename T, T N>
+using make_integer_sequence = typename utility_internal::Gen<T, N>::type;
+
+// make_index_sequence
+//
+// This template alias is equivalent to `index_sequence<0, 1, ..., N-1>`,
+// and is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::make_index_sequence`.
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, N>;
+
+// index_sequence_for
+//
+// Converts a typename pack into an index sequence of the same length, and
+// is designed to be a drop-in replacement for C++14's
+// `std::index_sequence_for()`
+template <typename... Ts>
+using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>;
+
+//// END OF CODE FROM GOOGLE ABSEIL
+
+#endif
+
+// dispatch utility (taken from ranges-v3)
+template<unsigned N> struct priority_tag : priority_tag < N - 1 > {};
+template<> struct priority_tag<0> {};
+
+// taken from ranges-v3
+template<typename T>
+struct static_const
+{
+    static constexpr T value{};
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T static_const<T>::value;
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+// dispatching helper struct
+template <class T> struct identity_tag {};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <type_traits> // false_type, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, true_type
+#include <utility> // declval
+#include <tuple> // tuple
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp>
+
+
+#include <iterator> // random_access_iterator_tag
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename ...Ts> struct make_void
+{
+    using type = void;
+};
+template<typename ...Ts> using void_t = typename make_void<Ts...>::type;
+} // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename It, typename = void>
+struct iterator_types {};
+
+template<typename It>
+struct iterator_types <
+    It,
+    void_t<typename It::difference_type, typename It::value_type, typename It::pointer,
+    typename It::reference, typename It::iterator_category >>
+{
+    using difference_type = typename It::difference_type;
+    using value_type = typename It::value_type;
+    using pointer = typename It::pointer;
+    using reference = typename It::reference;
+    using iterator_category = typename It::iterator_category;
+};
+
+// This is required as some compilers implement std::iterator_traits in a way that
+// doesn't work with SFINAE. See https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1341.
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct iterator_traits
+{
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct iterator_traits < T, enable_if_t < !std::is_pointer<T>::value >>
+            : iterator_types<T>
+{
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct iterator_traits<T*, enable_if_t<std::is_object<T>::value>>
+{
+    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = T;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+    using pointer = T*;
+    using reference = T&;
+};
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp>
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp>
+
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/experimental/is_detected
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+struct nonesuch
+{
+    nonesuch() = delete;
+    ~nonesuch() = delete;
+    nonesuch(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+    nonesuch(nonesuch const&&) = delete;
+    void operator=(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+    void operator=(nonesuch&&) = delete;
+};
+
+template<class Default,
+         class AlwaysVoid,
+         template<class...> class Op,
+         class... Args>
+struct detector
+{
+    using value_t = std::false_type;
+    using type = Default;
+};
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+struct detector<Default, void_t<Op<Args...>>, Op, Args...>
+{
+    using value_t = std::true_type;
+    using type = Op<Args...>;
+};
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected = typename detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::value_t;
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+struct is_detected_lazy : is_detected<Op, Args...> { };
+
+template<template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_t = typename detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::type;
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_or = detector<Default, void, Op, Args...>;
+
+template<class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using detected_or_t = typename detected_or<Default, Op, Args...>::type;
+
+template<class Expected, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected_exact = std::is_same<Expected, detected_t<Op, Args...>>;
+
+template<class To, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
+using is_detected_convertible =
+    std::is_convertible<detected_t<Op, Args...>, To>;
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp>
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
+
+#include <cstdint> // int64_t, uint64_t
+#include <map> // map
+#include <memory> // allocator
+#include <string> // string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+/*!
+@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+/*!
+@brief default JSONSerializer template argument
+
+This serializer ignores the template arguments and uses ADL
+([argument-dependent lookup](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl))
+for serialization.
+*/
+template<typename T = void, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct adl_serializer;
+
+template<template<typename U, typename V, typename... Args> class ObjectType =
+         std::map,
+         template<typename U, typename... Args> class ArrayType = std::vector,
+         class StringType = std::string, class BooleanType = bool,
+         class NumberIntegerType = std::int64_t,
+         class NumberUnsignedType = std::uint64_t,
+         class NumberFloatType = double,
+         template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator,
+         template<typename T, typename SFINAE = void> class JSONSerializer =
+         adl_serializer,
+         class BinaryType = std::vector<std::uint8_t>>
+class basic_json;
+
+/*!
+@brief JSON Pointer
+
+A JSON pointer defines a string syntax for identifying a specific value
+within a JSON document. It can be used with functions `at` and
+`operator[]`. Furthermore, JSON pointers are the base for JSON patches.
+
+@sa [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_pointer;
+
+/*!
+@brief default JSON class
+
+This type is the default specialization of the @ref basic_json class which
+uses the standard template types.
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+using json = basic_json<>;
+
+template<class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess, class Allocator>
+struct ordered_map;
+
+/*!
+@brief ordered JSON class
+
+This type preserves the insertion order of object keys.
+
+@since version 3.9.0
+*/
+using ordered_json = basic_json<nlohmann::ordered_map>;
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_FWD_HPP_
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+/*!
+@brief detail namespace with internal helper functions
+
+This namespace collects functions that should not be exposed,
+implementations of some @ref basic_json methods, and meta-programming helpers.
+
+@since version 2.1.0
+*/
+namespace detail
+{
+/////////////
+// helpers //
+/////////////
+
+// Note to maintainers:
+//
+// Every trait in this file expects a non CV-qualified type.
+// The only exceptions are in the 'aliases for detected' section
+// (i.e. those of the form: decltype(T::member_function(std::declval<T>())))
+//
+// In this case, T has to be properly CV-qualified to constraint the function arguments
+// (e.g. to_json(BasicJsonType&, const T&))
+
+template<typename> struct is_basic_json : std::false_type {};
+
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+struct is_basic_json<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> : std::true_type {};
+
+//////////////////////
+// json_ref helpers //
+//////////////////////
+
+template<typename>
+class json_ref;
+
+template<typename>
+struct is_json_ref : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_json_ref<json_ref<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+//////////////////////////
+// aliases for detected //
+//////////////////////////
+
+template<typename T>
+using mapped_type_t = typename T::mapped_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using key_type_t = typename T::key_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using value_type_t = typename T::value_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using difference_type_t = typename T::difference_type;
+
+template<typename T>
+using pointer_t = typename T::pointer;
+
+template<typename T>
+using reference_t = typename T::reference;
+
+template<typename T>
+using iterator_category_t = typename T::iterator_category;
+
+template<typename T>
+using iterator_t = typename T::iterator;
+
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+using to_json_function = decltype(T::to_json(std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+using from_json_function = decltype(T::from_json(std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+template<typename T, typename U>
+using get_template_function = decltype(std::declval<T>().template get<U>());
+
+// trait checking if JSONSerializer<T>::from_json(json const&, udt&) exists
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_from_json : std::false_type {};
+
+// trait checking if j.get<T> is valid
+// use this trait instead of std::is_constructible or std::is_convertible,
+// both rely on, or make use of implicit conversions, and thus fail when T
+// has several constructors/operator= (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958)
+template <typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct is_getable
+{
+    static constexpr bool value = is_detected<get_template_function, const BasicJsonType&, T>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_from_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<void, from_json_function, serializer,
+        const BasicJsonType&, T&>::value;
+};
+
+// This trait checks if JSONSerializer<T>::from_json(json const&) exists
+// this overload is used for non-default-constructible user-defined-types
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_non_default_from_json : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_non_default_from_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<T, from_json_function, serializer,
+        const BasicJsonType&>::value;
+};
+
+// This trait checks if BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::to_json exists
+// Do not evaluate the trait when T is a basic_json type, to avoid template instantiation infinite recursion.
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_to_json : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+struct has_to_json < BasicJsonType, T, enable_if_t < !is_basic_json<T>::value >>
+{
+    using serializer = typename BasicJsonType::template json_serializer<T, void>;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<void, to_json_function, serializer, BasicJsonType&,
+        T>::value;
+};
+
+
+///////////////////
+// is_ functions //
+///////////////////
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/conjunction
+template<class...> struct conjunction : std::true_type { };
+template<class B1> struct conjunction<B1> : B1 { };
+template<class B1, class... Bn>
+struct conjunction<B1, Bn...>
+: std::conditional<bool(B1::value), conjunction<Bn...>, B1>::type {};
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/types/negation
+template<class B> struct negation : std::integral_constant < bool, !B::value > { };
+
+// Reimplementation of is_constructible and is_default_constructible, due to them being broken for
+// std::pair and std::tuple until LWG 2367 fix (see https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/lwg-defects.html#2367).
+// This causes compile errors in e.g. clang 3.5 or gcc 4.9.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_default_constructible : std::is_default_constructible<T> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_default_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<T1>, is_default_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_default_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<T1>, is_default_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_default_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<Ts>...> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_default_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>>
+            : conjunction<is_default_constructible<Ts>...> {};
+
+
+template <typename T, typename... Args>
+struct is_constructible : std::is_constructible<T, Args...> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>> : is_default_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>> {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>> : is_default_constructible<const std::pair<T1, T2>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>> : is_default_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct is_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>> : is_default_constructible<const std::tuple<Ts...>> {};
+
+
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_iterator_traits : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_iterator_traits<iterator_traits<T>>
+{
+  private:
+    using traits = iterator_traits<T>;
+
+  public:
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_detected<value_type_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<difference_type_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<pointer_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<iterator_category_t, traits>::value &&
+        is_detected<reference_t, traits>::value;
+};
+
+// The following implementation of is_complete_type is taken from
+// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2015/12/02/partial-support-for-expression-sfinae-in-vs-2015-update-1/
+// and is written by Xiang Fan who agreed to using it in this library.
+
+template<typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_complete_type : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_complete_type<T, decltype(void(sizeof(T)))> : std::true_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_object_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType>
+struct is_compatible_object_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<mapped_type_t, CompatibleObjectType>::value&&
+    is_detected<key_type_t, CompatibleObjectType>::value >>
+{
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+
+    // macOS's is_constructible does not play well with nonesuch...
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_constructible<typename object_t::key_type,
+        typename CompatibleObjectType::key_type>::value &&
+        is_constructible<typename object_t::mapped_type,
+        typename CompatibleObjectType::mapped_type>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType>
+struct is_compatible_object_type
+    : is_compatible_object_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_object_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType>
+struct is_constructible_object_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleObjectType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<mapped_type_t, ConstructibleObjectType>::value&&
+    is_detected<key_type_t, ConstructibleObjectType>::value >>
+{
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        (is_default_constructible<ConstructibleObjectType>::value &&
+         (std::is_move_assignable<ConstructibleObjectType>::value ||
+          std::is_copy_assignable<ConstructibleObjectType>::value) &&
+         (is_constructible<typename ConstructibleObjectType::key_type,
+          typename object_t::key_type>::value &&
+          std::is_same <
+          typename object_t::mapped_type,
+          typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type >::value)) ||
+        (has_from_json<BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type>::value ||
+         has_non_default_from_json <
+         BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type >::value);
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType>
+struct is_constructible_object_type
+    : is_constructible_object_type_impl<BasicJsonType,
+      ConstructibleObjectType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_string_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType>
+struct is_compatible_string_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t<is_detected_exact<typename BasicJsonType::string_t::value_type,
+    value_type_t, CompatibleStringType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t, CompatibleStringType>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_compatible_string_type
+    : is_compatible_string_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_string_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_constructible_string_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t<is_detected_exact<typename BasicJsonType::string_t::value_type,
+    value_type_t, ConstructibleStringType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<ConstructibleStringType,
+        typename BasicJsonType::string_t>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType>
+struct is_constructible_string_type
+    : is_constructible_string_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType, typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_array_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType>
+struct is_compatible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t < is_detected<value_type_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+    is_detected<iterator_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+// This is needed because json_reverse_iterator has a ::iterator type...
+// Therefore it is detected as a CompatibleArrayType.
+// The real fix would be to have an Iterable concept.
+    !is_iterator_traits <
+    iterator_traits<CompatibleArrayType >>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_constructible<BasicJsonType,
+        typename CompatibleArrayType::value_type>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType>
+struct is_compatible_array_type
+    : is_compatible_array_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType, typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t<std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType,
+    typename BasicJsonType::value_type>::value >>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType,
+    enable_if_t < !std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType,
+    typename BasicJsonType::value_type>::value&&
+    is_default_constructible<ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+(std::is_move_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType>::value ||
+ std::is_copy_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType>::value)&&
+is_detected<value_type_t, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+is_detected<iterator_t, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+is_complete_type <
+detected_t<value_type_t, ConstructibleArrayType >>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        // This is needed because json_reverse_iterator has a ::iterator type,
+        // furthermore, std::back_insert_iterator (and other iterators) have a
+        // base class `iterator`... Therefore it is detected as a
+        // ConstructibleArrayType. The real fix would be to have an Iterable
+        // concept.
+        !is_iterator_traits<iterator_traits<ConstructibleArrayType>>::value &&
+
+        (std::is_same<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type,
+         typename BasicJsonType::array_t::value_type>::value ||
+         has_from_json<BasicJsonType,
+         typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>::value ||
+         has_non_default_from_json <
+         BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type >::value);
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType>
+struct is_constructible_array_type
+    : is_constructible_array_type_impl<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType> {};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+         typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type_impl <
+    RealIntegerType, CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+    enable_if_t < std::is_integral<RealIntegerType>::value&&
+    std::is_integral<CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value&&
+    !std::is_same<bool, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value >>
+{
+    // is there an assert somewhere on overflows?
+    using RealLimits = std::numeric_limits<RealIntegerType>;
+    using CompatibleLimits = std::numeric_limits<CompatibleNumberIntegerType>;
+
+    static constexpr auto value =
+        is_constructible<RealIntegerType,
+        CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value &&
+        CompatibleLimits::is_integer &&
+        RealLimits::is_signed == CompatibleLimits::is_signed;
+};
+
+template<typename RealIntegerType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType>
+struct is_compatible_integer_type
+    : is_compatible_integer_type_impl<RealIntegerType,
+      CompatibleNumberIntegerType> {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType, typename = void>
+struct is_compatible_type_impl: std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType>
+struct is_compatible_type_impl <
+    BasicJsonType, CompatibleType,
+    enable_if_t<is_complete_type<CompatibleType>::value >>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        has_to_json<BasicJsonType, CompatibleType>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleType>
+struct is_compatible_type
+    : is_compatible_type_impl<BasicJsonType, CompatibleType> {};
+
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_constructible_tuple : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename T1, typename... Args>
+struct is_constructible_tuple<T1, std::tuple<Args...>> : conjunction<is_constructible<T1, Args>...> {};
+
+// to avoid useless casts (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2893#issuecomment-889152324)
+template < typename T, typename U, enable_if_t < !std::is_same<T, U>::value, int > = 0 >
+T conditional_static_cast(U value)
+{
+    return static_cast<T>(value);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename U, enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, U>::value, int> = 0>
+T conditional_static_cast(U value)
+{
+    return value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename std::nullptr_t& n)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_null()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be null, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    n = nullptr;
+}
+
+// overloads for basic_json template parameters
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ArithmeticType,
+           enable_if_t < std::is_arithmetic<ArithmeticType>::value&&
+                         !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value,
+                         int > = 0 >
+void get_arithmetic_value(const BasicJsonType& j, ArithmeticType& val)
+{
+    switch (static_cast<value_t>(j))
+    {
+        case value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case value_t::null:
+        case value_t::object:
+        case value_t::array:
+        case value_t::string:
+        case value_t::boolean:
+        case value_t::binary:
+        case value_t::discarded:
+        default:
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be number, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t& b)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_boolean()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be boolean, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    b = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t& s)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_string()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be string, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    s = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::string_t*>();
+}
+
+template <
+    typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleStringType,
+    enable_if_t <
+        is_constructible_string_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleStringType>::value&&
+        !std::is_same<typename BasicJsonType::string_t,
+                      ConstructibleStringType>::value,
+        int > = 0 >
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleStringType& s)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_string()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be string, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    s = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::string_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t& val)
+{
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename EnumType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_enum<EnumType>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, EnumType& e)
+{
+    typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type val;
+    get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
+    e = static_cast<EnumType>(val);
+}
+
+// forward_list doesn't have an insert method
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, typename Allocator,
+         enable_if_t<is_getable<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::forward_list<T, Allocator>& l)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    l.clear();
+    std::transform(j.rbegin(), j.rend(),
+                   std::front_inserter(l), [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        return i.template get<T>();
+    });
+}
+
+// valarray doesn't have an insert method
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<is_getable<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::valarray<T>& l)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    l.resize(j.size());
+    std::transform(j.begin(), j.end(), std::begin(l),
+                   [](const BasicJsonType & elem)
+    {
+        return elem.template get<T>();
+    });
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T (&arr)[N]) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+-> decltype(j.template get<T>(), void())
+{
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+        arr[i] = j.at(i).template get<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t& arr, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
+{
+    arr = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::array_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, std::array<T, N>& arr,
+                          priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
+-> decltype(j.template get<T>(), void())
+{
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+        arr[i] = j.at(i).template get<T>();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+         enable_if_t<
+             std::is_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType&, ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+             int> = 0>
+auto from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
+-> decltype(
+    arr.reserve(std::declval<typename ConstructibleArrayType::size_type>()),
+    j.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>(),
+    void())
+{
+    using std::end;
+
+    ConstructibleArrayType ret;
+    ret.reserve(j.size());
+    std::transform(j.begin(), j.end(),
+                   std::inserter(ret, end(ret)), [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        // get<BasicJsonType>() returns *this, this won't call a from_json
+        // method when value_type is BasicJsonType
+        return i.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>();
+    });
+    arr = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+         enable_if_t<
+             std::is_assignable<ConstructibleArrayType&, ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+             int> = 0>
+void from_json_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr,
+                          priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
+{
+    using std::end;
+
+    ConstructibleArrayType ret;
+    std::transform(
+        j.begin(), j.end(), std::inserter(ret, end(ret)),
+        [](const BasicJsonType & i)
+    {
+        // get<BasicJsonType>() returns *this, this won't call a from_json
+        // method when value_type is BasicJsonType
+        return i.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>();
+    });
+    arr = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleArrayType,
+           enable_if_t <
+               is_constructible_array_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !is_constructible_object_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !is_constructible_string_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleArrayType>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ConstructibleArrayType, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t>::value&&
+               !is_basic_json<ConstructibleArrayType>::value,
+               int > = 0 >
+auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleArrayType& arr)
+-> decltype(from_json_array_impl(j, arr, priority_tag<3> {}),
+j.template get<typename ConstructibleArrayType::value_type>(),
+void())
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    from_json_array_impl(j, arr, priority_tag<3> {});
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t... Idx >
+std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)> from_json_inplace_array_impl(BasicJsonType&& j,
+        identity_tag<std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)>> /*unused*/, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return { { std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N >
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::array<T, N>> tag)
+-> decltype(from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {}))
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    return from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& bin)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_binary()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    bin = *j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t*>();
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename ConstructibleObjectType,
+         enable_if_t<is_constructible_object_type<BasicJsonType, ConstructibleObjectType>::value, int> = 0>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ConstructibleObjectType& obj)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_object()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be object, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    ConstructibleObjectType ret;
+    const auto* inner_object = j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::object_t*>();
+    using value_type = typename ConstructibleObjectType::value_type;
+    std::transform(
+        inner_object->begin(), inner_object->end(),
+        std::inserter(ret, ret.begin()),
+        [](typename BasicJsonType::object_t::value_type const & p)
+    {
+        return value_type(p.first, p.second.template get<typename ConstructibleObjectType::mapped_type>());
+    });
+    obj = std::move(ret);
+}
+
+// overload for arithmetic types, not chosen for basic_json template arguments
+// (BooleanType, etc..); note: Is it really necessary to provide explicit
+// overloads for boolean_t etc. in case of a custom BooleanType which is not
+// an arithmetic type?
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename ArithmeticType,
+           enable_if_t <
+               std::is_arithmetic<ArithmeticType>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>::value&&
+               !std::is_same<ArithmeticType, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value,
+               int > = 0 >
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, ArithmeticType& val)
+{
+    switch (static_cast<value_t>(j))
+    {
+        case value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+        case value_t::boolean:
+        {
+            val = static_cast<ArithmeticType>(*j.template get_ptr<const typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t*>());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case value_t::null:
+        case value_t::object:
+        case value_t::array:
+        case value_t::string:
+        case value_t::binary:
+        case value_t::discarded:
+        default:
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be number, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args, std::size_t... Idx>
+std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType&& j, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return std::make_tuple(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<Args>()...);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, class A1, class A2 >
+std::pair<A1, A2> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return {std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(0).template get<A1>(),
+            std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(1).template get<A2>()};
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename A1, typename A2>
+void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::pair<A1, A2>& p, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
+{
+    p = from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> {}, priority_tag<0> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
+std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::tuple<Args...>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
+{
+    return from_json_tuple_impl_base<BasicJsonType, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
+void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::tuple<Args...>& t, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
+{
+    t = from_json_tuple_impl_base<BasicJsonType, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TupleRelated>
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, TupleRelated&& t)
+-> decltype(from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {}))
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+
+    return from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {});
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Allocator,
+           typename = enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible <
+                                        typename BasicJsonType::string_t, Key >::value >>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Allocator>& m)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    m.clear();
+    for (const auto& p : j)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(p.type_name()), j));
+        }
+        m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
+    }
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename Key, typename Value, typename Hash, typename KeyEqual, typename Allocator,
+           typename = enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible <
+                                        typename BasicJsonType::string_t, Key >::value >>
+void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, KeyEqual, Allocator>& m)
+{
+    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));
+    }
+    m.clear();
+    for (const auto& p : j)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be array, but is " + std::string(p.type_name()), j));
+        }
+        m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
+    }
+}
+
+struct from_json_fn
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+    auto operator()(const BasicJsonType& j, T&& val) const
+    noexcept(noexcept(from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val))))
+    -> decltype(from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val)))
+    {
+        return from_json(j, std::forward<T>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// namespace to hold default `from_json` function
+/// to see why this is required:
+/// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
+{
+constexpr const auto& from_json = detail::static_const<detail::from_json_fn>::value; // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
+} // namespace
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // copy
+#include <iterator> // begin, end
+#include <string> // string
+#include <tuple> // tuple, get
+#include <type_traits> // is_same, is_constructible, is_floating_point, is_enum, underlying_type
+#include <utility> // move, forward, declval, pair
+#include <valarray> // valarray
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag
+#include <string> // string, to_string
+#include <tuple> // tuple_size, get, tuple_element
+#include <utility> // move
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename string_type>
+void int_to_string( string_type& target, std::size_t value )
+{
+    // For ADL
+    using std::to_string;
+    target = to_string(value);
+}
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy_value
+{
+  public:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = iteration_proxy_value;
+    using pointer = value_type * ;
+    using reference = value_type & ;
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+    using string_type = typename std::remove_cv< typename std::remove_reference<decltype( std::declval<IteratorType>().key() ) >::type >::type;
+
+  private:
+    /// the iterator
+    IteratorType anchor;
+    /// an index for arrays (used to create key names)
+    std::size_t array_index = 0;
+    /// last stringified array index
+    mutable std::size_t array_index_last = 0;
+    /// a string representation of the array index
+    mutable string_type array_index_str = "0";
+    /// an empty string (to return a reference for primitive values)
+    const string_type empty_str{};
+
+  public:
+    explicit iteration_proxy_value(IteratorType it) noexcept
+        : anchor(std::move(it))
+    {}
+
+    /// dereference operator (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value& operator*()
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// increment operator (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value& operator++()
+    {
+        ++anchor;
+        ++array_index;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// equality operator (needed for InputIterator)
+    bool operator==(const iteration_proxy_value& o) const
+    {
+        return anchor == o.anchor;
+    }
+
+    /// inequality operator (needed for range-based for)
+    bool operator!=(const iteration_proxy_value& o) const
+    {
+        return anchor != o.anchor;
+    }
+
+    /// return key of the iterator
+    const string_type& key() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(anchor.m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (anchor.m_object->type())
+        {
+            // use integer array index as key
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (array_index != array_index_last)
+                {
+                    int_to_string( array_index_str, array_index );
+                    array_index_last = array_index;
+                }
+                return array_index_str;
+            }
+
+            // use key from the object
+            case value_t::object:
+                return anchor.key();
+
+            // use an empty key for all primitive types
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return empty_str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// return value of the iterator
+    typename IteratorType::reference value() const
+    {
+        return anchor.value();
+    }
+};
+
+/// proxy class for the items() function
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy
+{
+  private:
+    /// the container to iterate
+    typename IteratorType::reference container;
+
+  public:
+    /// construct iteration proxy from a container
+    explicit iteration_proxy(typename IteratorType::reference cont) noexcept
+        : container(cont) {}
+
+    /// return iterator begin (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType> begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>(container.begin());
+    }
+
+    /// return iterator end (needed for range-based for)
+    iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType> end() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>(container.end());
+    }
+};
+// Structured Bindings Support
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType, enable_if_t<N == 0, int> = 0>
+auto get(const nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>& i) -> decltype(i.key())
+{
+    return i.key();
+}
+// Structured Bindings Support
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType, enable_if_t<N == 1, int> = 0>
+auto get(const nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>& i) -> decltype(i.value())
+{
+    return i.value();
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// The Addition to the STD Namespace is required to add
+// Structured Bindings Support to the iteration_proxy_value class
+// For further reference see https://blog.tartanllama.xyz/structured-bindings/
+// And see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1391
+namespace std
+{
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    // Fix: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1401
+    #pragma clang diagnostic push
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags"
+#endif
+template<typename IteratorType>
+class tuple_size<::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>>
+            : public std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 2> {};
+
+template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType>
+class tuple_element<N, ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >>
+{
+  public:
+    using type = decltype(
+                     get<N>(std::declval <
+                            ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >> ()));
+};
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+} // namespace std
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+//////////////////
+// constructors //
+//////////////////
+
+/*
+ * Note all external_constructor<>::construct functions need to call
+ * j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type) to avoid a memory leak in case j contains an
+ * allocated value (e.g., a string). See bug issue
+ * https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2865 for more information.
+ */
+
+template<value_t> struct external_constructor;
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::boolean>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t b) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::boolean;
+        j.m_value = b;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::string>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::string_t& s)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value = s;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t&& s)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value = std::move(s);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleStringType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleStringType, typename BasicJsonType::string_t>::value,
+                             int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleStringType& str)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::string;
+        j.m_value.string = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::string_t>(str);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::binary>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& b)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        j.m_value = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t(b);
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::binary_t&& b)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        j.m_value = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t(std::move(b));;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_float>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_float;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_unsigned>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_unsigned;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t val) noexcept
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::number_integer;
+        j.m_value = val;
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::array>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = arr;
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t&& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = std::move(arr);
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleArrayType, typename BasicJsonType::array_t>::value,
+                             int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleArrayType& arr)
+    {
+        using std::begin;
+        using std::end;
+
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::array_t>(begin(arr), end(arr));
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const std::vector<bool>& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array->reserve(arr.size());
+        for (const bool x : arr)
+        {
+            j.m_value.array->push_back(x);
+            j.set_parent(j.m_value.array->back());
+        }
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+             enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<T, BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const std::valarray<T>& arr)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value = value_t::array;
+        j.m_value.array->resize(arr.size());
+        if (arr.size() > 0)
+        {
+            std::copy(std::begin(arr), std::end(arr), j.m_value.array->begin());
+        }
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct external_constructor<value_t::object>
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& obj)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value = obj;
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::object_t&& obj)
+    {
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value = std::move(obj);
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+               enable_if_t < !std::is_same<CompatibleObjectType, typename BasicJsonType::object_t>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static void construct(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleObjectType& obj)
+    {
+        using std::begin;
+        using std::end;
+
+        j.m_value.destroy(j.m_type);
+        j.m_type = value_t::object;
+        j.m_value.object = j.template create<typename BasicJsonType::object_t>(begin(obj), end(obj));
+        j.set_parents();
+        j.assert_invariant();
+    }
+};
+
+/////////////
+// to_json //
+/////////////
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, T b) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::boolean>::construct(j, b);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleString,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t, CompatibleString>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleString& s)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::string>::construct(j, s);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::string_t&& s)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::string>::construct(j, std::move(s));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename FloatType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, FloatType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_float>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleNumberUnsignedType,
+         enable_if_t<is_compatible_integer_type<typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t, CompatibleNumberUnsignedType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, CompatibleNumberUnsignedType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_unsigned>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleNumberIntegerType,
+         enable_if_t<is_compatible_integer_type<typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t, CompatibleNumberIntegerType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, CompatibleNumberIntegerType val) noexcept
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>::construct(j, static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>(val));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename EnumType,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_enum<EnumType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, EnumType e) noexcept
+{
+    using underlying_type = typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type;
+    external_constructor<value_t::number_integer>::construct(j, static_cast<underlying_type>(e));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::vector<bool>& e)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, e);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleArrayType,
+           enable_if_t < is_compatible_array_type<BasicJsonType,
+                         CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_compatible_object_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_compatible_string_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !std::is_same<typename BasicJsonType::binary_t, CompatibleArrayType>::value&&
+                         !is_basic_json<CompatibleArrayType>::value,
+                         int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleArrayType& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, arr);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& bin)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::binary>::construct(j, bin);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<T, BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::valarray<T>& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, std::move(arr));
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::array_t&& arr)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, std::move(arr));
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename CompatibleObjectType,
+           enable_if_t < is_compatible_object_type<BasicJsonType, CompatibleObjectType>::value&& !is_basic_json<CompatibleObjectType>::value, int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const CompatibleObjectType& obj)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::object>::construct(j, obj);
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, typename BasicJsonType::object_t&& obj)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::object>::construct(j, std::move(obj));
+}
+
+template <
+    typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N,
+    enable_if_t < !std::is_constructible<typename BasicJsonType::string_t,
+                  const T(&)[N]>::value, // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+                  int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T(&arr)[N]) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+{
+    external_constructor<value_t::array>::construct(j, arr);
+}
+
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T1, typename T2, enable_if_t < std::is_constructible<BasicJsonType, T1>::value&& std::is_constructible<BasicJsonType, T2>::value, int > = 0 >
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::pair<T1, T2>& p)
+{
+    j = { p.first, p.second };
+}
+
+// for https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1134
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, iteration_proxy_value<typename BasicJsonType::iterator>>::value, int> = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& b)
+{
+    j = { {b.key(), b.value()} };
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Idx>
+void to_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType& j, const Tuple& t, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+{
+    j = { std::get<Idx>(t)... };
+}
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T, enable_if_t<is_constructible_tuple<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int > = 0>
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& t)
+{
+    to_json_tuple_impl(j, t, make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value> {});
+}
+
+struct to_json_fn
+{
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T>
+    auto operator()(BasicJsonType& j, T&& val) const noexcept(noexcept(to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val))))
+    -> decltype(to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val)), void())
+    {
+        return to_json(j, std::forward<T>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/// namespace to hold default `to_json` function
+/// to see why this is required:
+/// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
+{
+constexpr const auto& to_json = detail::static_const<detail::to_json_fn>::value; // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
+} // namespace
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/identity_tag.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+template<typename ValueType, typename>
+struct adl_serializer
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief convert a JSON value to any value type
+
+    This function is usually called by the `get()` function of the
+    @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
+
+    @note This function is chosen for default-constructible value types.
+
+    @param[in] j        JSON value to read from
+    @param[in,out] val  value to write to
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto from_json(BasicJsonType && j, TargetType& val) noexcept(
+        noexcept(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val)))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val), void())
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), val);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief convert a JSON value to any value type
+
+    This function is usually called by the `get()` function of the
+    @ref basic_json class (either explicit or via conversion operators).
+
+    @note This function is chosen for value types which are not default-constructible.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to read from
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto from_json(BasicJsonType && j) noexcept(
+    noexcept(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {})))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {}))
+    {
+        return ::nlohmann::from_json(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), detail::identity_tag<TargetType> {});
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief convert any value type to a JSON value
+
+    This function is usually called by the constructors of the @ref basic_json
+    class.
+
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write to
+    @param[in] val    value to read from
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TargetType = ValueType>
+    static auto to_json(BasicJsonType& j, TargetType && val) noexcept(
+        noexcept(::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val))))
+    -> decltype(::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val)), void())
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::to_json(j, std::forward<TargetType>(val));
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint64_t
+#include <tuple> // tie
+#include <utility> // move
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief an internal type for a backed binary type
+
+This type extends the template parameter @a BinaryType provided to `basic_json`
+with a subtype used by BSON and MessagePack. This type exists so that the user
+does not have to specify a type themselves with a specific naming scheme in
+order to override the binary type.
+
+@tparam BinaryType container to store bytes (`std::vector<std::uint8_t>` by
+                   default)
+
+@since version 3.8.0; changed type of subtypes to std::uint64_t in 3.10.0.
+*/
+template<typename BinaryType>
+class byte_container_with_subtype : public BinaryType
+{
+  public:
+    /// the type of the underlying container
+    using container_type = BinaryType;
+    /// the type of the subtype
+    using subtype_type = std::uint64_t;
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype() noexcept(noexcept(container_type()))
+        : container_type()
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(const container_type& b) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(b)))
+        : container_type(b)
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(container_type&& b) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(std::move(b))))
+        : container_type(std::move(b))
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(const container_type& b, subtype_type subtype_) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(b)))
+        : container_type(b)
+        , m_subtype(subtype_)
+        , m_has_subtype(true)
+    {}
+
+    byte_container_with_subtype(container_type&& b, subtype_type subtype_) noexcept(noexcept(container_type(std::move(b))))
+        : container_type(std::move(b))
+        , m_subtype(subtype_)
+        , m_has_subtype(true)
+    {}
+
+    bool operator==(const byte_container_with_subtype& rhs) const
+    {
+        return std::tie(static_cast<const BinaryType&>(*this), m_subtype, m_has_subtype) ==
+               std::tie(static_cast<const BinaryType&>(rhs), rhs.m_subtype, rhs.m_has_subtype);
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const byte_container_with_subtype& rhs) const
+    {
+        return !(rhs == *this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief sets the binary subtype
+
+    Sets the binary subtype of the value, also flags a binary JSON value as
+    having a subtype, which has implications for serialization.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void set_subtype(subtype_type subtype_) noexcept
+    {
+        m_subtype = subtype_;
+        m_has_subtype = true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the binary subtype
+
+    Returns the numerical subtype of the value if it has a subtype. If it does
+    not have a subtype, this function will return subtype_type(-1) as a sentinel
+    value.
+
+    @return the numerical subtype of the binary value
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0; fixed return value to properly return
+           subtype_type(-1) as documented in version 3.10.0
+    */
+    constexpr subtype_type subtype() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_has_subtype ? m_subtype : subtype_type(-1);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether the value has a subtype
+
+    @return whether the value has a subtype
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref clear_subtype() -- clears the binary subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool has_subtype() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_has_subtype;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief clears the binary subtype
+
+    Clears the binary subtype and flags the value as not having a subtype, which
+    has implications for serialization; for instance MessagePack will prefer the
+    bin family over the ext family.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref subtype() -- return the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref set_subtype() -- sets the binary subtype
+    @sa see @ref has_subtype() -- returns whether or not the binary value has a
+    subtype
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void clear_subtype() noexcept
+    {
+        m_subtype = 0;
+        m_has_subtype = false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    subtype_type m_subtype = 0;
+    bool m_has_subtype = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <functional> // hash
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+// boost::hash_combine
+inline std::size_t combine(std::size_t seed, std::size_t h) noexcept
+{
+    seed ^= h + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6U) + (seed >> 2U);
+    return seed;
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief hash a JSON value
+
+The hash function tries to rely on std::hash where possible. Furthermore, the
+type of the JSON value is taken into account to have different hash values for
+null, 0, 0U, and false, etc.
+
+@tparam BasicJsonType basic_json specialization
+@param j JSON value to hash
+@return hash value of j
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+std::size_t hash(const BasicJsonType& j)
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+
+    const auto type = static_cast<std::size_t>(j.type());
+    switch (j.type())
+    {
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::null:
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::discarded:
+        {
+            return combine(type, 0);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::object:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.size());
+            for (const auto& element : j.items())
+            {
+                const auto h = std::hash<string_t> {}(element.key());
+                seed = combine(seed, h);
+                seed = combine(seed, hash(element.value()));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::array:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.size());
+            for (const auto& element : j)
+            {
+                seed = combine(seed, hash(element));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::string:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<string_t> {}(j.template get_ref<const string_t&>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::boolean:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<bool> {}(j.template get<bool>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_integer:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_integer_t> {}(j.template get<number_integer_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_unsigned:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_unsigned_t> {}(j.template get<number_unsigned_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::number_float:
+        {
+            const auto h = std::hash<number_float_t> {}(j.template get<number_float_t>());
+            return combine(type, h);
+        }
+
+        case BasicJsonType::value_t::binary:
+        {
+            auto seed = combine(type, j.get_binary().size());
+            const auto h = std::hash<bool> {}(j.get_binary().has_subtype());
+            seed = combine(seed, h);
+            seed = combine(seed, static_cast<std::size_t>(j.get_binary().subtype()));
+            for (const auto byte : j.get_binary())
+            {
+                seed = combine(seed, std::hash<std::uint8_t> {}(byte));
+            }
+            return seed;
+        }
+
+        default:                   // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            return 0;              // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // generate_n
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath> // ldexp
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <iterator> // back_inserter
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // char_traits, string
+#include <utility> // make_pair, move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstring> // strlen
+#include <iterator> // begin, end, iterator_traits, random_access_iterator_tag, distance, next
+#include <memory> // shared_ptr, make_shared, addressof
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string, char_traits
+#include <type_traits> // enable_if, is_base_of, is_pointer, is_integral, remove_pointer
+#include <utility> // pair, declval
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <cstdio>   // FILE *
+    #include <istream>  // istream
+#endif                  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iterator_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// the supported input formats
+enum class input_format_t { json, cbor, msgpack, ubjson, bson };
+
+////////////////////
+// input adapters //
+////////////////////
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+/*!
+Input adapter for stdio file access. This adapter read only 1 byte and do not use any
+ buffer. This adapter is a very low level adapter.
+*/
+class file_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    explicit file_input_adapter(std::FILE* f) noexcept
+        : m_file(f)
+    {}
+
+    // make class move-only
+    file_input_adapter(const file_input_adapter&) = delete;
+    file_input_adapter(file_input_adapter&&) noexcept = default;
+    file_input_adapter& operator=(const file_input_adapter&) = delete;
+    file_input_adapter& operator=(file_input_adapter&&) = delete;
+    ~file_input_adapter() = default;
+
+    std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character() noexcept
+    {
+        return std::fgetc(m_file);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the file pointer to read from
+    std::FILE* m_file;
+};
+
+
+/*!
+Input adapter for a (caching) istream. Ignores a UFT Byte Order Mark at
+beginning of input. Does not support changing the underlying std::streambuf
+in mid-input. Maintains underlying std::istream and std::streambuf to support
+subsequent use of standard std::istream operations to process any input
+characters following those used in parsing the JSON input.  Clears the
+std::istream flags; any input errors (e.g., EOF) will be detected by the first
+subsequent call for input from the std::istream.
+*/
+class input_stream_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    ~input_stream_adapter()
+    {
+        // clear stream flags; we use underlying streambuf I/O, do not
+        // maintain ifstream flags, except eof
+        if (is != nullptr)
+        {
+            is->clear(is->rdstate() & std::ios::eofbit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    explicit input_stream_adapter(std::istream& i)
+        : is(&i), sb(i.rdbuf())
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    input_stream_adapter(const input_stream_adapter&) = delete;
+    input_stream_adapter& operator=(input_stream_adapter&) = delete;
+    input_stream_adapter& operator=(input_stream_adapter&&) = delete;
+
+    input_stream_adapter(input_stream_adapter&& rhs) noexcept
+        : is(rhs.is), sb(rhs.sb)
+    {
+        rhs.is = nullptr;
+        rhs.sb = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // std::istream/std::streambuf use std::char_traits<char>::to_int_type, to
+    // ensure that std::char_traits<char>::eof() and the character 0xFF do not
+    // end up as the same value, eg. 0xFFFFFFFF.
+    std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character()
+    {
+        auto res = sb->sbumpc();
+        // set eof manually, as we don't use the istream interface.
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(res == std::char_traits<char>::eof()))
+        {
+            is->clear(is->rdstate() | std::ios::eofbit);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the associated input stream
+    std::istream* is = nullptr;
+    std::streambuf* sb = nullptr;
+};
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+// General-purpose iterator-based adapter. It might not be as fast as
+// theoretically possible for some containers, but it is extremely versatile.
+template<typename IteratorType>
+class iterator_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type;
+
+    iterator_input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+        : current(std::move(first)), end(std::move(last))
+    {}
+
+    typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type get_character()
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != end))
+        {
+            auto result = std::char_traits<char_type>::to_int_type(*current);
+            std::advance(current, 1);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        return std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    IteratorType current;
+    IteratorType end;
+
+    template<typename BaseInputAdapter, size_t T>
+    friend struct wide_string_input_helper;
+
+    bool empty() const
+    {
+        return current == end;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter, size_t T>
+struct wide_string_input_helper;
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter>
+struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 4>
+{
+    // UTF-32
+    static void fill_buffer(BaseInputAdapter& input,
+                            std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4>& utf8_bytes,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_index,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_filled)
+    {
+        utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(input.empty()))
+        {
+            utf8_bytes[0] = std::char_traits<char>::eof();
+            utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the current character
+            const auto wc = input.get_character();
+
+            // UTF-32 to UTF-8 encoding
+            if (wc < 0x80)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x7FF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xC0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x1Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 2;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0xFFFF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xE0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u) & 0x0Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 3;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x10FFFF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xF0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 18u) & 0x07u));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[3] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 4;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // unknown character
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter>
+struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 2>
+{
+    // UTF-16
+    static void fill_buffer(BaseInputAdapter& input,
+                            std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4>& utf8_bytes,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_index,
+                            size_t& utf8_bytes_filled)
+    {
+        utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(input.empty()))
+        {
+            utf8_bytes[0] = std::char_traits<char>::eof();
+            utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // get the current character
+            const auto wc = input.get_character();
+
+            // UTF-16 to UTF-8 encoding
+            if (wc < 0x80)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+            }
+            else if (wc <= 0x7FF)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xC0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u)));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 2;
+            }
+            else if (0xD800 > wc || wc >= 0xE000)
+            {
+                utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xE0u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 12u)));
+                utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3Fu));
+                utf8_bytes_filled = 3;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!input.empty()))
+                {
+                    const auto wc2 = static_cast<unsigned int>(input.get_character());
+                    const auto charcode = 0x10000u + (((static_cast<unsigned int>(wc) & 0x3FFu) << 10u) | (wc2 & 0x3FFu));
+                    utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0xF0u | (charcode >> 18u));
+                    utf8_bytes[1] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((charcode >> 12u) & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes[2] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | ((charcode >> 6u) & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes[3] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(0x80u | (charcode & 0x3Fu));
+                    utf8_bytes_filled = 4;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    utf8_bytes[0] = static_cast<std::char_traits<char>::int_type>(wc);
+                    utf8_bytes_filled = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Wraps another input apdater to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
+template<typename BaseInputAdapter, typename WideCharType>
+class wide_string_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    using char_type = char;
+
+    wide_string_input_adapter(BaseInputAdapter base)
+        : base_adapter(base) {}
+
+    typename std::char_traits<char>::int_type get_character() noexcept
+    {
+        // check if buffer needs to be filled
+        if (utf8_bytes_index == utf8_bytes_filled)
+        {
+            fill_buffer<sizeof(WideCharType)>();
+
+            JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_filled > 0);
+            JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_index == 0);
+        }
+
+        // use buffer
+        JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_filled > 0);
+        JSON_ASSERT(utf8_bytes_index < utf8_bytes_filled);
+        return utf8_bytes[utf8_bytes_index++];
+    }
+
+  private:
+    BaseInputAdapter base_adapter;
+
+    template<size_t T>
+    void fill_buffer()
+    {
+        wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, T>::fill_buffer(base_adapter, utf8_bytes, utf8_bytes_index, utf8_bytes_filled);
+    }
+
+    /// a buffer for UTF-8 bytes
+    std::array<std::char_traits<char>::int_type, 4> utf8_bytes = {{0, 0, 0, 0}};
+
+    /// index to the utf8_codes array for the next valid byte
+    std::size_t utf8_bytes_index = 0;
+    /// number of valid bytes in the utf8_codes array
+    std::size_t utf8_bytes_filled = 0;
+};
+
+
+template<typename IteratorType, typename Enable = void>
+struct iterator_input_adapter_factory
+{
+    using iterator_type = IteratorType;
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type;
+    using adapter_type = iterator_input_adapter<iterator_type>;
+
+    static adapter_type create(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        return adapter_type(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct is_iterator_of_multibyte
+{
+    using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<T>::value_type;
+    enum
+    {
+        value = sizeof(value_type) > 1
+    };
+};
+
+template<typename IteratorType>
+struct iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType, enable_if_t<is_iterator_of_multibyte<IteratorType>::value>>
+{
+    using iterator_type = IteratorType;
+    using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type;
+    using base_adapter_type = iterator_input_adapter<iterator_type>;
+    using adapter_type = wide_string_input_adapter<base_adapter_type, char_type>;
+
+    static adapter_type create(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        return adapter_type(base_adapter_type(std::move(first), std::move(last)));
+    }
+};
+
+// General purpose iterator-based input
+template<typename IteratorType>
+typename iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType>::adapter_type input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+{
+    using factory_type = iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType>;
+    return factory_type::create(first, last);
+}
+
+// Convenience shorthand from container to iterator
+// Enables ADL on begin(container) and end(container)
+// Encloses the using declarations in namespace for not to leak them to outside scope
+
+namespace container_input_adapter_factory_impl
+{
+
+using std::begin;
+using std::end;
+
+template<typename ContainerType, typename Enable = void>
+struct container_input_adapter_factory {};
+
+template<typename ContainerType>
+struct container_input_adapter_factory< ContainerType,
+       void_t<decltype(begin(std::declval<ContainerType>()), end(std::declval<ContainerType>()))>>
+       {
+           using adapter_type = decltype(input_adapter(begin(std::declval<ContainerType>()), end(std::declval<ContainerType>())));
+
+           static adapter_type create(const ContainerType& container)
+{
+    return input_adapter(begin(container), end(container));
+}
+       };
+
+} // namespace container_input_adapter_factory_impl
+
+template<typename ContainerType>
+typename container_input_adapter_factory_impl::container_input_adapter_factory<ContainerType>::adapter_type input_adapter(const ContainerType& container)
+{
+    return container_input_adapter_factory_impl::container_input_adapter_factory<ContainerType>::create(container);
+}
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+// Special cases with fast paths
+inline file_input_adapter input_adapter(std::FILE* file)
+{
+    return file_input_adapter(file);
+}
+
+inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream& stream)
+{
+    return input_stream_adapter(stream);
+}
+
+inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream&& stream)
+{
+    return input_stream_adapter(stream);
+}
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+using contiguous_bytes_input_adapter = decltype(input_adapter(std::declval<const char*>(), std::declval<const char*>()));
+
+// Null-delimited strings, and the like.
+template < typename CharT,
+           typename std::enable_if <
+               std::is_pointer<CharT>::value&&
+               !std::is_array<CharT>::value&&
+               std::is_integral<typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type>::value&&
+               sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type) == 1,
+               int >::type = 0 >
+contiguous_bytes_input_adapter input_adapter(CharT b)
+{
+    auto length = std::strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b));
+    const auto* ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b);
+    return input_adapter(ptr, ptr + length);
+}
+
+template<typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto input_adapter(T (&array)[N]) -> decltype(input_adapter(array, array + N)) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+{
+    return input_adapter(array, array + N);
+}
+
+// This class only handles inputs of input_buffer_adapter type.
+// It's required so that expressions like {ptr, len} can be implicitely casted
+// to the correct adapter.
+class span_input_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    template < typename CharT,
+               typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pointer<CharT>::value&&
+                   std::is_integral<typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type>::value&&
+                   sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<CharT>::type) == 1,
+                   int >::type = 0 >
+    span_input_adapter(CharT b, std::size_t l)
+        : ia(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b) + l) {}
+
+    template<class IteratorType,
+             typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_same<typename iterator_traits<IteratorType>::iterator_category, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::value,
+                 int>::type = 0>
+    span_input_adapter(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+        : ia(input_adapter(first, last)) {}
+
+    contiguous_bytes_input_adapter&& get()
+    {
+        return std::move(ia); // NOLINT(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+    }
+
+  private:
+    contiguous_bytes_input_adapter ia;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief SAX interface
+
+This class describes the SAX interface used by @ref nlohmann::json::sax_parse.
+Each function is called in different situations while the input is parsed. The
+boolean return value informs the parser whether to continue processing the
+input.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+struct json_sax
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a null value was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool null() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a boolean value was read
+    @param[in] val  boolean value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool boolean(bool val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an integer number was read
+    @param[in] val  integer value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_integer(number_integer_t val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an unsigned integer number was read
+    @param[in] val  unsigned integer value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an floating-point number was read
+    @param[in] val  floating-point value
+    @param[in] s    raw token value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a string was read
+    @param[in] val  string value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed string.
+    */
+    virtual bool string(string_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a binary string was read
+    @param[in] val  binary value
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed binary.
+    */
+    virtual bool binary(binary_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the beginning of an object was read
+    @param[in] elements  number of object elements or -1 if unknown
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note binary formats may report the number of elements
+    */
+    virtual bool start_object(std::size_t elements) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief an object key was read
+    @param[in] val  object key
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note It is safe to move the passed string.
+    */
+    virtual bool key(string_t& val) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the end of an object was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool end_object() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the beginning of an array was read
+    @param[in] elements  number of array elements or -1 if unknown
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    @note binary formats may report the number of elements
+    */
+    virtual bool start_array(std::size_t elements) = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief the end of an array was read
+    @return whether parsing should proceed
+    */
+    virtual bool end_array() = 0;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a parse error occurred
+    @param[in] position    the position in the input where the error occurs
+    @param[in] last_token  the last read token
+    @param[in] ex          an exception object describing the error
+    @return whether parsing should proceed (must return false)
+    */
+    virtual bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                             const std::string& last_token,
+                             const detail::exception& ex) = 0;
+
+    json_sax() = default;
+    json_sax(const json_sax&) = default;
+    json_sax(json_sax&&) noexcept = default;
+    json_sax& operator=(const json_sax&) = default;
+    json_sax& operator=(json_sax&&) noexcept = default;
+    virtual ~json_sax() = default;
+};
+
+
+namespace detail
+{
+/*!
+@brief SAX implementation to create a JSON value from SAX events
+
+This class implements the @ref json_sax interface and processes the SAX events
+to create a JSON value which makes it basically a DOM parser. The structure or
+hierarchy of the JSON value is managed by the stack `ref_stack` which contains
+a pointer to the respective array or object for each recursion depth.
+
+After successful parsing, the value that is passed by reference to the
+constructor contains the parsed value.
+
+@tparam BasicJsonType  the JSON type
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_dom_parser
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in,out] r  reference to a JSON value that is manipulated while
+                       parsing
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions_  whether parse errors yield exceptions
+    */
+    explicit json_sax_dom_parser(BasicJsonType& r, const bool allow_exceptions_ = true)
+        : root(r), allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {}
+
+    // make class move-only
+    json_sax_dom_parser(const json_sax_dom_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_parser(json_sax_dom_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    json_sax_dom_parser& operator=(const json_sax_dom_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_parser& operator=(json_sax_dom_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~json_sax_dom_parser() = default;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        handle_value(nullptr);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(std::move(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        ref_stack.push_back(handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::object));
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive object size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& val)
+    {
+        // add null at given key and store the reference for later
+        object_element = &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.object->operator[](val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        ref_stack.push_back(handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::array));
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive array size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<class Exception>
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/,
+                     const Exception& ex)
+    {
+        errored = true;
+        static_cast<void>(ex);
+        if (allow_exceptions)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(ex);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool is_errored() const
+    {
+        return errored;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @invariant If the ref stack is empty, then the passed value will be the new
+               root.
+    @invariant If the ref stack contains a value, then it is an array or an
+               object to which we can add elements
+    */
+    template<typename Value>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    BasicJsonType* handle_value(Value&& v)
+    {
+        if (ref_stack.empty())
+        {
+            root = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+            return &root;
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_array() || ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+
+        if (ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->emplace_back(std::forward<Value>(v));
+            return &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->back());
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+        JSON_ASSERT(object_element);
+        *object_element = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+        return object_element;
+    }
+
+    /// the parsed JSON value
+    BasicJsonType& root;
+    /// stack to model hierarchy of values
+    std::vector<BasicJsonType*> ref_stack {};
+    /// helper to hold the reference for the next object element
+    BasicJsonType* object_element = nullptr;
+    /// whether a syntax error occurred
+    bool errored = false;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using parser_callback_t = typename BasicJsonType::parser_callback_t;
+    using parse_event_t = typename BasicJsonType::parse_event_t;
+
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(BasicJsonType& r,
+                                 const parser_callback_t cb,
+                                 const bool allow_exceptions_ = true)
+        : root(r), callback(cb), allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {
+        keep_stack.push_back(true);
+    }
+
+    // make class move-only
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(const json_sax_dom_callback_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser(json_sax_dom_callback_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser& operator=(const json_sax_dom_callback_parser&) = delete;
+    json_sax_dom_callback_parser& operator=(json_sax_dom_callback_parser&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~json_sax_dom_callback_parser() = default;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        handle_value(nullptr);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(val);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& val)
+    {
+        handle_value(std::move(val));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        // check callback for object start
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::object_start, discarded);
+        keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        auto val = handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::object, true);
+        ref_stack.push_back(val.second);
+
+        // check object limit
+        if (ref_stack.back() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive object size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& val)
+    {
+        BasicJsonType k = BasicJsonType(val);
+
+        // check callback for key
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::key, k);
+        key_keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        // add discarded value at given key and store the reference for later
+        if (keep && ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            object_element = &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.object->operator[](val) = discarded);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        if (ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            if (!callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()) - 1, parse_event_t::object_end, *ref_stack.back()))
+            {
+                // discard object
+                *ref_stack.back() = discarded;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(!ref_stack.empty());
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        if (!ref_stack.empty() && ref_stack.back() && ref_stack.back()->is_structured())
+        {
+            // remove discarded value
+            for (auto it = ref_stack.back()->begin(); it != ref_stack.back()->end(); ++it)
+            {
+                if (it->is_discarded())
+                {
+                    ref_stack.back()->erase(it);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t len)
+    {
+        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::array_start, discarded);
+        keep_stack.push_back(keep);
+
+        auto val = handle_value(BasicJsonType::value_t::array, true);
+        ref_stack.push_back(val.second);
+
+        // check array limit
+        if (ref_stack.back() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len != std::size_t(-1) && len > ref_stack.back()->max_size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(408, "excessive array size: " + std::to_string(len), *ref_stack.back()));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        bool keep = true;
+
+        if (ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()) - 1, parse_event_t::array_end, *ref_stack.back());
+            if (keep)
+            {
+                ref_stack.back()->set_parents();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // discard array
+                *ref_stack.back() = discarded;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(!ref_stack.empty());
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+        ref_stack.pop_back();
+        keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        // remove discarded value
+        if (!keep && !ref_stack.empty() && ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<class Exception>
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/,
+                     const Exception& ex)
+    {
+        errored = true;
+        static_cast<void>(ex);
+        if (allow_exceptions)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(ex);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool is_errored() const
+    {
+        return errored;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] v  value to add to the JSON value we build during parsing
+    @param[in] skip_callback  whether we should skip calling the callback
+               function; this is required after start_array() and
+               start_object() SAX events, because otherwise we would call the
+               callback function with an empty array or object, respectively.
+
+    @invariant If the ref stack is empty, then the passed value will be the new
+               root.
+    @invariant If the ref stack contains a value, then it is an array or an
+               object to which we can add elements
+
+    @return pair of boolean (whether value should be kept) and pointer (to the
+            passed value in the ref_stack hierarchy; nullptr if not kept)
+    */
+    template<typename Value>
+    std::pair<bool, BasicJsonType*> handle_value(Value&& v, const bool skip_callback = false)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(!keep_stack.empty());
+
+        // do not handle this value if we know it would be added to a discarded
+        // container
+        if (!keep_stack.back())
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        // create value
+        auto value = BasicJsonType(std::forward<Value>(v));
+
+        // check callback
+        const bool keep = skip_callback || callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::value, value);
+
+        // do not handle this value if we just learnt it shall be discarded
+        if (!keep)
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        if (ref_stack.empty())
+        {
+            root = std::move(value);
+            return {true, &root};
+        }
+
+        // skip this value if we already decided to skip the parent
+        // (https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/971#issuecomment-413678360)
+        if (!ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        // we now only expect arrays and objects
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_array() || ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+
+        // array
+        if (ref_stack.back()->is_array())
+        {
+            ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->emplace_back(std::move(value));
+            return {true, &(ref_stack.back()->m_value.array->back())};
+        }
+
+        // object
+        JSON_ASSERT(ref_stack.back()->is_object());
+        // check if we should store an element for the current key
+        JSON_ASSERT(!key_keep_stack.empty());
+        const bool store_element = key_keep_stack.back();
+        key_keep_stack.pop_back();
+
+        if (!store_element)
+        {
+            return {false, nullptr};
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(object_element);
+        *object_element = std::move(value);
+        return {true, object_element};
+    }
+
+    /// the parsed JSON value
+    BasicJsonType& root;
+    /// stack to model hierarchy of values
+    std::vector<BasicJsonType*> ref_stack {};
+    /// stack to manage which values to keep
+    std::vector<bool> keep_stack {};
+    /// stack to manage which object keys to keep
+    std::vector<bool> key_keep_stack {};
+    /// helper to hold the reference for the next object element
+    BasicJsonType* object_element = nullptr;
+    /// whether a syntax error occurred
+    bool errored = false;
+    /// callback function
+    const parser_callback_t callback = nullptr;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+    /// a discarded value for the callback
+    BasicJsonType discarded = BasicJsonType::value_t::discarded;
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_sax_acceptor
+{
+  public:
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(number_float_t /*unused*/, const string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(binary_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/ = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(string_t& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/ = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const detail::exception& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <clocale> // localeconv
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <cstdlib> // strtof, strtod, strtold, strtoll, strtoull
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#include <string> // char_traits, string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////
+// lexer //
+///////////
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class lexer_base
+{
+  public:
+    /// token types for the parser
+    enum class token_type
+    {
+        uninitialized,    ///< indicating the scanner is uninitialized
+        literal_true,     ///< the `true` literal
+        literal_false,    ///< the `false` literal
+        literal_null,     ///< the `null` literal
+        value_string,     ///< a string -- use get_string() for actual value
+        value_unsigned,   ///< an unsigned integer -- use get_number_unsigned() for actual value
+        value_integer,    ///< a signed integer -- use get_number_integer() for actual value
+        value_float,      ///< an floating point number -- use get_number_float() for actual value
+        begin_array,      ///< the character for array begin `[`
+        begin_object,     ///< the character for object begin `{`
+        end_array,        ///< the character for array end `]`
+        end_object,       ///< the character for object end `}`
+        name_separator,   ///< the name separator `:`
+        value_separator,  ///< the value separator `,`
+        parse_error,      ///< indicating a parse error
+        end_of_input,     ///< indicating the end of the input buffer
+        literal_or_value  ///< a literal or the begin of a value (only for diagnostics)
+    };
+
+    /// return name of values of type token_type (only used for errors)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+    static const char* token_type_name(const token_type t) noexcept
+    {
+        switch (t)
+        {
+            case token_type::uninitialized:
+                return "<uninitialized>";
+            case token_type::literal_true:
+                return "true literal";
+            case token_type::literal_false:
+                return "false literal";
+            case token_type::literal_null:
+                return "null literal";
+            case token_type::value_string:
+                return "string literal";
+            case token_type::value_unsigned:
+            case token_type::value_integer:
+            case token_type::value_float:
+                return "number literal";
+            case token_type::begin_array:
+                return "'['";
+            case token_type::begin_object:
+                return "'{'";
+            case token_type::end_array:
+                return "']'";
+            case token_type::end_object:
+                return "'}'";
+            case token_type::name_separator:
+                return "':'";
+            case token_type::value_separator:
+                return "','";
+            case token_type::parse_error:
+                return "<parse error>";
+            case token_type::end_of_input:
+                return "end of input";
+            case token_type::literal_or_value:
+                return "'[', '{', or a literal";
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            default: // catch non-enum values
+                return "unknown token";
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+};
+/*!
+@brief lexical analysis
+
+This class organizes the lexical analysis during JSON deserialization.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType>
+class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using char_type = typename InputAdapterType::char_type;
+    using char_int_type = typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type;
+
+  public:
+    using token_type = typename lexer_base<BasicJsonType>::token_type;
+
+    explicit lexer(InputAdapterType&& adapter, bool ignore_comments_ = false) noexcept
+        : ia(std::move(adapter))
+        , ignore_comments(ignore_comments_)
+        , decimal_point_char(static_cast<char_int_type>(get_decimal_point()))
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    lexer(const lexer&) = delete;
+    lexer(lexer&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    lexer& operator=(lexer&) = delete;
+    lexer& operator=(lexer&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~lexer() = default;
+
+  private:
+    /////////////////////
+    // locales
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return the locale-dependent decimal point
+    JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+    static char get_decimal_point() noexcept
+    {
+        const auto* loc = localeconv();
+        JSON_ASSERT(loc != nullptr);
+        return (loc->decimal_point == nullptr) ? '.' : *(loc->decimal_point);
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // scan functions
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get codepoint from 4 hex characters following `\u`
+
+    For input "\u c1 c2 c3 c4" the codepoint is:
+      (c1 * 0x1000) + (c2 * 0x0100) + (c3 * 0x0010) + c4
+    = (c1 << 12) + (c2 << 8) + (c3 << 4) + (c4 << 0)
+
+    Furthermore, the possible characters '0'..'9', 'A'..'F', and 'a'..'f'
+    must be converted to the integers 0x0..0x9, 0xA..0xF, 0xA..0xF, resp. The
+    conversion is done by subtracting the offset (0x30, 0x37, and 0x57)
+    between the ASCII value of the character and the desired integer value.
+
+    @return codepoint (0x0000..0xFFFF) or -1 in case of an error (e.g. EOF or
+            non-hex character)
+    */
+    int get_codepoint()
+    {
+        // this function only makes sense after reading `\u`
+        JSON_ASSERT(current == 'u');
+        int codepoint = 0;
+
+        const auto factors = { 12u, 8u, 4u, 0u };
+        for (const auto factor : factors)
+        {
+            get();
+
+            if (current >= '0' && current <= '9')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x30u) << factor);
+            }
+            else if (current >= 'A' && current <= 'F')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x37u) << factor);
+            }
+            else if (current >= 'a' && current <= 'f')
+            {
+                codepoint += static_cast<int>((static_cast<unsigned int>(current) - 0x57u) << factor);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(0x0000 <= codepoint && codepoint <= 0xFFFF);
+        return codepoint;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check if the next byte(s) are inside a given range
+
+    Adds the current byte and, for each passed range, reads a new byte and
+    checks if it is inside the range. If a violation was detected, set up an
+    error message and return false. Otherwise, return true.
+
+    @param[in] ranges  list of integers; interpreted as list of pairs of
+                       inclusive lower and upper bound, respectively
+
+    @pre The passed list @a ranges must have 2, 4, or 6 elements; that is,
+         1, 2, or 3 pairs. This precondition is enforced by an assertion.
+
+    @return true if and only if no range violation was detected
+    */
+    bool next_byte_in_range(std::initializer_list<char_int_type> ranges)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(ranges.size() == 2 || ranges.size() == 4 || ranges.size() == 6);
+        add(current);
+
+        for (auto range = ranges.begin(); range != ranges.end(); ++range)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range)))
+            {
+                add(current);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief scan a string literal
+
+    This function scans a string according to Sect. 7 of RFC 8259. While
+    scanning, bytes are escaped and copied into buffer token_buffer. Then the
+    function returns successfully, token_buffer is *not* null-terminated (as it
+    may contain \0 bytes), and token_buffer.size() is the number of bytes in the
+    string.
+
+    @return token_type::value_string if string could be successfully scanned,
+            token_type::parse_error otherwise
+
+    @note In case of errors, variable error_message contains a textual
+          description.
+    */
+    token_type scan_string()
+    {
+        // reset token_buffer (ignore opening quote)
+        reset();
+
+        // we entered the function by reading an open quote
+        JSON_ASSERT(current == '\"');
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            // get next character
+            switch (get())
+            {
+                // end of file while parsing string
+                case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: missing closing quote";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                // closing quote
+                case '\"':
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_string;
+                }
+
+                // escapes
+                case '\\':
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        // quotation mark
+                        case '\"':
+                            add('\"');
+                            break;
+                        // reverse solidus
+                        case '\\':
+                            add('\\');
+                            break;
+                        // solidus
+                        case '/':
+                            add('/');
+                            break;
+                        // backspace
+                        case 'b':
+                            add('\b');
+                            break;
+                        // form feed
+                        case 'f':
+                            add('\f');
+                            break;
+                        // line feed
+                        case 'n':
+                            add('\n');
+                            break;
+                        // carriage return
+                        case 'r':
+                            add('\r');
+                            break;
+                        // tab
+                        case 't':
+                            add('\t');
+                            break;
+
+                        // unicode escapes
+                        case 'u':
+                        {
+                            const int codepoint1 = get_codepoint();
+                            int codepoint = codepoint1; // start with codepoint1
+
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(codepoint1 == -1))
+                            {
+                                error_message = "invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits";
+                                return token_type::parse_error;
+                            }
+
+                            // check if code point is a high surrogate
+                            if (0xD800 <= codepoint1 && codepoint1 <= 0xDBFF)
+                            {
+                                // expect next \uxxxx entry
+                                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(get() == '\\' && get() == 'u'))
+                                {
+                                    const int codepoint2 = get_codepoint();
+
+                                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(codepoint2 == -1))
+                                    {
+                                        error_message = "invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits";
+                                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check if codepoint2 is a low surrogate
+                                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(0xDC00 <= codepoint2 && codepoint2 <= 0xDFFF))
+                                    {
+                                        // overwrite codepoint
+                                        codepoint = static_cast<int>(
+                                                        // high surrogate occupies the most significant 22 bits
+                                                        (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint1) << 10u)
+                                                        // low surrogate occupies the least significant 15 bits
+                                                        + static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint2)
+                                                        // there is still the 0xD800, 0xDC00 and 0x10000 noise
+                                                        // in the result so we have to subtract with:
+                                                        // (0xD800 << 10) + DC00 - 0x10000 = 0x35FDC00
+                                                        - 0x35FDC00u);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF";
+                                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF";
+                                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(0xDC00 <= codepoint1 && codepoint1 <= 0xDFFF))
+                                {
+                                    error_message = "invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF";
+                                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // result of the above calculation yields a proper codepoint
+                            JSON_ASSERT(0x00 <= codepoint && codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+
+                            // translate codepoint into bytes
+                            if (codepoint < 0x80)
+                            {
+                                // 1-byte characters: 0xxxxxxx (ASCII)
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(codepoint));
+                            }
+                            else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF)
+                            {
+                                // 2-byte characters: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xC0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+                            else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF)
+                            {
+                                // 3-byte characters: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xE0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 12u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // 4-byte characters: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0xF0u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 18u)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 12u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | ((static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) >> 6u) & 0x3Fu)));
+                                add(static_cast<char_int_type>(0x80u | (static_cast<unsigned int>(codepoint) & 0x3Fu)));
+                            }
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // other characters after escape
+                        default:
+                            error_message = "invalid string: forbidden character after backslash";
+                            return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // invalid control characters
+                case 0x00:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0000 (NUL) must be escaped to \\u0000";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x01:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0001 (SOH) must be escaped to \\u0001";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x02:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0002 (STX) must be escaped to \\u0002";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x03:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0003 (ETX) must be escaped to \\u0003";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x04:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0004 (EOT) must be escaped to \\u0004";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x05:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0005 (ENQ) must be escaped to \\u0005";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x06:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0006 (ACK) must be escaped to \\u0006";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x07:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0007 (BEL) must be escaped to \\u0007";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x08:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0008 (BS) must be escaped to \\u0008 or \\b";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x09:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \\u0009 or \\t";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0A:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000A (LF) must be escaped to \\u000A or \\n";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0B:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000B (VT) must be escaped to \\u000B";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0C:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000C (FF) must be escaped to \\u000C or \\f";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0D:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000D (CR) must be escaped to \\u000D or \\r";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0E:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000E (SO) must be escaped to \\u000E";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x0F:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+000F (SI) must be escaped to \\u000F";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x10:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0010 (DLE) must be escaped to \\u0010";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x11:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0011 (DC1) must be escaped to \\u0011";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x12:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0012 (DC2) must be escaped to \\u0012";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x13:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0013 (DC3) must be escaped to \\u0013";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x14:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0014 (DC4) must be escaped to \\u0014";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x15:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0015 (NAK) must be escaped to \\u0015";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x16:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0016 (SYN) must be escaped to \\u0016";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x17:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0017 (ETB) must be escaped to \\u0017";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x18:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0018 (CAN) must be escaped to \\u0018";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x19:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+0019 (EM) must be escaped to \\u0019";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1A:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001A (SUB) must be escaped to \\u001A";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1B:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001B (ESC) must be escaped to \\u001B";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1C:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001C (FS) must be escaped to \\u001C";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1D:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001D (GS) must be escaped to \\u001D";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1E:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001E (RS) must be escaped to \\u001E";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                case 0x1F:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: control character U+001F (US) must be escaped to \\u001F";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+
+                // U+0020..U+007F (except U+0022 (quote) and U+005C (backspace))
+                case 0x20:
+                case 0x21:
+                case 0x23:
+                case 0x24:
+                case 0x25:
+                case 0x26:
+                case 0x27:
+                case 0x28:
+                case 0x29:
+                case 0x2A:
+                case 0x2B:
+                case 0x2C:
+                case 0x2D:
+                case 0x2E:
+                case 0x2F:
+                case 0x30:
+                case 0x31:
+                case 0x32:
+                case 0x33:
+                case 0x34:
+                case 0x35:
+                case 0x36:
+                case 0x37:
+                case 0x38:
+                case 0x39:
+                case 0x3A:
+                case 0x3B:
+                case 0x3C:
+                case 0x3D:
+                case 0x3E:
+                case 0x3F:
+                case 0x40:
+                case 0x41:
+                case 0x42:
+                case 0x43:
+                case 0x44:
+                case 0x45:
+                case 0x46:
+                case 0x47:
+                case 0x48:
+                case 0x49:
+                case 0x4A:
+                case 0x4B:
+                case 0x4C:
+                case 0x4D:
+                case 0x4E:
+                case 0x4F:
+                case 0x50:
+                case 0x51:
+                case 0x52:
+                case 0x53:
+                case 0x54:
+                case 0x55:
+                case 0x56:
+                case 0x57:
+                case 0x58:
+                case 0x59:
+                case 0x5A:
+                case 0x5B:
+                case 0x5D:
+                case 0x5E:
+                case 0x5F:
+                case 0x60:
+                case 0x61:
+                case 0x62:
+                case 0x63:
+                case 0x64:
+                case 0x65:
+                case 0x66:
+                case 0x67:
+                case 0x68:
+                case 0x69:
+                case 0x6A:
+                case 0x6B:
+                case 0x6C:
+                case 0x6D:
+                case 0x6E:
+                case 0x6F:
+                case 0x70:
+                case 0x71:
+                case 0x72:
+                case 0x73:
+                case 0x74:
+                case 0x75:
+                case 0x76:
+                case 0x77:
+                case 0x78:
+                case 0x79:
+                case 0x7A:
+                case 0x7B:
+                case 0x7C:
+                case 0x7D:
+                case 0x7E:
+                case 0x7F:
+                {
+                    add(current);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+0080..U+07FF: bytes C2..DF 80..BF
+                case 0xC2:
+                case 0xC3:
+                case 0xC4:
+                case 0xC5:
+                case 0xC6:
+                case 0xC7:
+                case 0xC8:
+                case 0xC9:
+                case 0xCA:
+                case 0xCB:
+                case 0xCC:
+                case 0xCD:
+                case 0xCE:
+                case 0xCF:
+                case 0xD0:
+                case 0xD1:
+                case 0xD2:
+                case 0xD3:
+                case 0xD4:
+                case 0xD5:
+                case 0xD6:
+                case 0xD7:
+                case 0xD8:
+                case 0xD9:
+                case 0xDA:
+                case 0xDB:
+                case 0xDC:
+                case 0xDD:
+                case 0xDE:
+                case 0xDF:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF})))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+0800..U+0FFF: bytes E0 A0..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xE0:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0xA0, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+1000..U+CFFF: bytes E1..EC 80..BF 80..BF
+                // U+E000..U+FFFF: bytes EE..EF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xE1:
+                case 0xE2:
+                case 0xE3:
+                case 0xE4:
+                case 0xE5:
+                case 0xE6:
+                case 0xE7:
+                case 0xE8:
+                case 0xE9:
+                case 0xEA:
+                case 0xEB:
+                case 0xEC:
+                case 0xEE:
+                case 0xEF:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+D000..U+D7FF: bytes ED 80..9F 80..BF
+                case 0xED:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0x9F, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+10000..U+3FFFF F0 90..BF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF0:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x90, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+40000..U+FFFFF F1..F3 80..BF 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF1:
+                case 0xF2:
+                case 0xF3:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // U+100000..U+10FFFF F4 80..8F 80..BF 80..BF
+                case 0xF4:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(next_byte_in_range({0x80, 0x8F, 0x80, 0xBF, 0x80, 0xBF}))))
+                    {
+                        return token_type::parse_error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // remaining bytes (80..C1 and F5..FF) are ill-formed
+                default:
+                {
+                    error_message = "invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte";
+                    return token_type::parse_error;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+     * @brief scan a comment
+     * @return whether comment could be scanned successfully
+     */
+    bool scan_comment()
+    {
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            // single-line comments skip input until a newline or EOF is read
+            case '/':
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        case '\n':
+                        case '\r':
+                        case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                        case '\0':
+                            return true;
+
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // multi-line comments skip input until */ is read
+            case '*':
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    switch (get())
+                    {
+                        case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                        case '\0':
+                        {
+                            error_message = "invalid comment; missing closing '*/'";
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        case '*':
+                        {
+                            switch (get())
+                            {
+                                case '/':
+                                    return true;
+
+                                default:
+                                {
+                                    unget();
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        default:
+                            continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // unexpected character after reading '/'
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid comment; expecting '/' or '*' after '/'";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(float& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtof(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtod(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static void strtof(long double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
+    {
+        f = std::strtold(str, endptr);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief scan a number literal
+
+    This function scans a string according to Sect. 6 of RFC 8259.
+
+    The function is realized with a deterministic finite state machine derived
+    from the grammar described in RFC 8259. Starting in state "init", the
+    input is read and used to determined the next state. Only state "done"
+    accepts the number. State "error" is a trap state to model errors. In the
+    table below, "anything" means any character but the ones listed before.
+
+    state    | 0        | 1-9      | e E      | +       | -       | .        | anything
+    ---------|----------|----------|----------|---------|---------|----------|-----------
+    init     | zero     | any1     | [error]  | [error] | minus   | [error]  | [error]
+    minus    | zero     | any1     | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    zero     | done     | done     | exponent | done    | done    | decimal1 | done
+    any1     | any1     | any1     | exponent | done    | done    | decimal1 | done
+    decimal1 | decimal2 | decimal2 | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    decimal2 | decimal2 | decimal2 | exponent | done    | done    | done     | done
+    exponent | any2     | any2     | [error]  | sign    | sign    | [error]  | [error]
+    sign     | any2     | any2     | [error]  | [error] | [error] | [error]  | [error]
+    any2     | any2     | any2     | done     | done    | done    | done     | done
+
+    The state machine is realized with one label per state (prefixed with
+    "scan_number_") and `goto` statements between them. The state machine
+    contains cycles, but any cycle can be left when EOF is read. Therefore,
+    the function is guaranteed to terminate.
+
+    During scanning, the read bytes are stored in token_buffer. This string is
+    then converted to a signed integer, an unsigned integer, or a
+    floating-point number.
+
+    @return token_type::value_unsigned, token_type::value_integer, or
+            token_type::value_float if number could be successfully scanned,
+            token_type::parse_error otherwise
+
+    @note The scanner is independent of the current locale. Internally, the
+          locale's decimal point is used instead of `.` to work with the
+          locale-dependent converters.
+    */
+    token_type scan_number()  // lgtm [cpp/use-of-goto]
+    {
+        // reset token_buffer to store the number's bytes
+        reset();
+
+        // the type of the parsed number; initially set to unsigned; will be
+        // changed if minus sign, decimal point or exponent is read
+        token_type number_type = token_type::value_unsigned;
+
+        // state (init): we just found out we need to scan a number
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case '-':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_minus;
+            }
+
+            case '0':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_zero;
+            }
+
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            // all other characters are rejected outside scan_number()
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+scan_number_minus:
+        // state: we just parsed a leading minus sign
+        number_type = token_type::value_integer;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_zero;
+            }
+
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after '-'";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_zero:
+        // state: we just parse a zero (maybe with a leading minus sign)
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '.':
+            {
+                add(decimal_point_char);
+                goto scan_number_decimal1;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_any1:
+        // state: we just parsed a number 0-9 (maybe with a leading minus sign)
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any1;
+            }
+
+            case '.':
+            {
+                add(decimal_point_char);
+                goto scan_number_decimal1;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_decimal1:
+        // state: we just parsed a decimal point
+        number_type = token_type::value_float;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_decimal2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after '.'";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_decimal2:
+        // we just parsed at least one number after a decimal point
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_decimal2;
+            }
+
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_exponent;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_exponent:
+        // we just parsed an exponent
+        number_type = token_type::value_float;
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '+':
+            case '-':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_sign;
+            }
+
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message =
+                    "invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_sign:
+        // we just parsed an exponent sign
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid number; expected digit after exponent sign";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+
+scan_number_any2:
+        // we just parsed a number after the exponent or exponent sign
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+            {
+                add(current);
+                goto scan_number_any2;
+            }
+
+            default:
+                goto scan_number_done;
+        }
+
+scan_number_done:
+        // unget the character after the number (we only read it to know that
+        // we are done scanning a number)
+        unget();
+
+        char* endptr = nullptr; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        errno = 0;
+
+        // try to parse integers first and fall back to floats
+        if (number_type == token_type::value_unsigned)
+        {
+            const auto x = std::strtoull(token_buffer.data(), &endptr, 10);
+
+            // we checked the number format before
+            JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+            if (errno == 0)
+            {
+                value_unsigned = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(x);
+                if (value_unsigned == x)
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_unsigned;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (number_type == token_type::value_integer)
+        {
+            const auto x = std::strtoll(token_buffer.data(), &endptr, 10);
+
+            // we checked the number format before
+            JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+            if (errno == 0)
+            {
+                value_integer = static_cast<number_integer_t>(x);
+                if (value_integer == x)
+                {
+                    return token_type::value_integer;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // this code is reached if we parse a floating-point number or if an
+        // integer conversion above failed
+        strtof(value_float, token_buffer.data(), &endptr);
+
+        // we checked the number format before
+        JSON_ASSERT(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size());
+
+        return token_type::value_float;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] literal_text  the literal text to expect
+    @param[in] length        the length of the passed literal text
+    @param[in] return_type   the token type to return on success
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    token_type scan_literal(const char_type* literal_text, const std::size_t length,
+                            token_type return_type)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current) == literal_text[0]);
+        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < length; ++i)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(get()) != literal_text[i]))
+            {
+                error_message = "invalid literal";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+        }
+        return return_type;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // input management
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// reset token_buffer; current character is beginning of token
+    void reset() noexcept
+    {
+        token_buffer.clear();
+        token_string.clear();
+        token_string.push_back(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current));
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @brief get next character from the input
+
+    This function provides the interface to the used input adapter. It does
+    not throw in case the input reached EOF, but returns a
+    `std::char_traits<char>::eof()` in that case.  Stores the scanned characters
+    for use in error messages.
+
+    @return character read from the input
+    */
+    char_int_type get()
+    {
+        ++position.chars_read_total;
+        ++position.chars_read_current_line;
+
+        if (next_unget)
+        {
+            // just reset the next_unget variable and work with current
+            next_unget = false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            current = ia.get_character();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            token_string.push_back(std::char_traits<char_type>::to_char_type(current));
+        }
+
+        if (current == '\n')
+        {
+            ++position.lines_read;
+            position.chars_read_current_line = 0;
+        }
+
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief unget current character (read it again on next get)
+
+    We implement unget by setting variable next_unget to true. The input is not
+    changed - we just simulate ungetting by modifying chars_read_total,
+    chars_read_current_line, and token_string. The next call to get() will
+    behave as if the unget character is read again.
+    */
+    void unget()
+    {
+        next_unget = true;
+
+        --position.chars_read_total;
+
+        // in case we "unget" a newline, we have to also decrement the lines_read
+        if (position.chars_read_current_line == 0)
+        {
+            if (position.lines_read > 0)
+            {
+                --position.lines_read;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            --position.chars_read_current_line;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(!token_string.empty());
+            token_string.pop_back();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// add a character to token_buffer
+    void add(char_int_type c)
+    {
+        token_buffer.push_back(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(c));
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /////////////////////
+    // value getters
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return integer value
+    constexpr number_integer_t get_number_integer() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_integer;
+    }
+
+    /// return unsigned integer value
+    constexpr number_unsigned_t get_number_unsigned() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /// return floating-point value
+    constexpr number_float_t get_number_float() const noexcept
+    {
+        return value_float;
+    }
+
+    /// return current string value (implicitly resets the token; useful only once)
+    string_t& get_string()
+    {
+        return token_buffer;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // diagnostics
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// return position of last read token
+    constexpr position_t get_position() const noexcept
+    {
+        return position;
+    }
+
+    /// return the last read token (for errors only).  Will never contain EOF
+    /// (an arbitrary value that is not a valid char value, often -1), because
+    /// 255 may legitimately occur.  May contain NUL, which should be escaped.
+    std::string get_token_string() const
+    {
+        // escape control characters
+        std::string result;
+        for (const auto c : token_string)
+        {
+            if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= '\x1F')
+            {
+                // escape control characters
+                std::array<char, 9> cs{{}};
+                (std::snprintf)(cs.data(), cs.size(), "<U+%.4X>", static_cast<unsigned char>(c)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                result += cs.data();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // add character as is
+                result.push_back(static_cast<std::string::value_type>(c));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// return syntax error message
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    constexpr const char* get_error_message() const noexcept
+    {
+        return error_message;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // actual scanner
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief skip the UTF-8 byte order mark
+    @return true iff there is no BOM or the correct BOM has been skipped
+    */
+    bool skip_bom()
+    {
+        if (get() == 0xEF)
+        {
+            // check if we completely parse the BOM
+            return get() == 0xBB && get() == 0xBF;
+        }
+
+        // the first character is not the beginning of the BOM; unget it to
+        // process is later
+        unget();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void skip_whitespace()
+    {
+        do
+        {
+            get();
+        }
+        while (current == ' ' || current == '\t' || current == '\n' || current == '\r');
+    }
+
+    token_type scan()
+    {
+        // initially, skip the BOM
+        if (position.chars_read_total == 0 && !skip_bom())
+        {
+            error_message = "invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given";
+            return token_type::parse_error;
+        }
+
+        // read next character and ignore whitespace
+        skip_whitespace();
+
+        // ignore comments
+        while (ignore_comments && current == '/')
+        {
+            if (!scan_comment())
+            {
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+            }
+
+            // skip following whitespace
+            skip_whitespace();
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // structural characters
+            case '[':
+                return token_type::begin_array;
+            case ']':
+                return token_type::end_array;
+            case '{':
+                return token_type::begin_object;
+            case '}':
+                return token_type::end_object;
+            case ':':
+                return token_type::name_separator;
+            case ',':
+                return token_type::value_separator;
+
+            // literals
+            case 't':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 4> true_literal = {{char_type('t'), char_type('r'), char_type('u'), char_type('e')}};
+                return scan_literal(true_literal.data(), true_literal.size(), token_type::literal_true);
+            }
+            case 'f':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 5> false_literal = {{char_type('f'), char_type('a'), char_type('l'), char_type('s'), char_type('e')}};
+                return scan_literal(false_literal.data(), false_literal.size(), token_type::literal_false);
+            }
+            case 'n':
+            {
+                std::array<char_type, 4> null_literal = {{char_type('n'), char_type('u'), char_type('l'), char_type('l')}};
+                return scan_literal(null_literal.data(), null_literal.size(), token_type::literal_null);
+            }
+
+            // string
+            case '\"':
+                return scan_string();
+
+            // number
+            case '-':
+            case '0':
+            case '1':
+            case '2':
+            case '3':
+            case '4':
+            case '5':
+            case '6':
+            case '7':
+            case '8':
+            case '9':
+                return scan_number();
+
+            // end of input (the null byte is needed when parsing from
+            // string literals)
+            case '\0':
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return token_type::end_of_input;
+
+            // error
+            default:
+                error_message = "invalid literal";
+                return token_type::parse_error;
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// input adapter
+    InputAdapterType ia;
+
+    /// whether comments should be ignored (true) or signaled as errors (false)
+    const bool ignore_comments = false;
+
+    /// the current character
+    char_int_type current = std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+
+    /// whether the next get() call should just return current
+    bool next_unget = false;
+
+    /// the start position of the current token
+    position_t position {};
+
+    /// raw input token string (for error messages)
+    std::vector<char_type> token_string {};
+
+    /// buffer for variable-length tokens (numbers, strings)
+    string_t token_buffer {};
+
+    /// a description of occurred lexer errors
+    const char* error_message = "";
+
+    // number values
+    number_integer_t value_integer = 0;
+    number_unsigned_t value_unsigned = 0;
+    number_float_t value_float = 0;
+
+    /// the decimal point
+    const char_int_type decimal_point_char = '.';
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstdint> // size_t
+#include <utility> // declval
+#include <string> // string
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename T>
+using null_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().null());
+
+template<typename T>
+using boolean_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().boolean(std::declval<bool>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Integer>
+using number_integer_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_integer(std::declval<Integer>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Unsigned>
+using number_unsigned_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_unsigned(std::declval<Unsigned>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Float, typename String>
+using number_float_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().number_float(
+                                    std::declval<Float>(), std::declval<const String&>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename String>
+using string_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().string(std::declval<String&>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename Binary>
+using binary_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().binary(std::declval<Binary&>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using start_object_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().start_object(std::declval<std::size_t>()));
+
+template<typename T, typename String>
+using key_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().key(std::declval<String&>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using end_object_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().end_object());
+
+template<typename T>
+using start_array_function_t =
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>().start_array(std::declval<std::size_t>()));
+
+template<typename T>
+using end_array_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().end_array());
+
+template<typename T, typename Exception>
+using parse_error_function_t = decltype(std::declval<T&>().parse_error(
+        std::declval<std::size_t>(), std::declval<const std::string&>(),
+        std::declval<const Exception&>()));
+
+template<typename SAX, typename BasicJsonType>
+struct is_sax
+{
+  private:
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                  "BasicJsonType must be of type basic_json<...>");
+
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using exception_t = typename BasicJsonType::exception;
+
+  public:
+    static constexpr bool value =
+        is_detected_exact<bool, null_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_integer_function_t, SAX, number_integer_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_unsigned_function_t, SAX, number_unsigned_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_float_function_t, SAX, number_float_t, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, string_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, binary_function_t, SAX, binary_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, start_object_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, key_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, end_object_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, start_array_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, end_array_function_t, SAX>::value &&
+        is_detected_exact<bool, parse_error_function_t, SAX, exception_t>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename SAX, typename BasicJsonType>
+struct is_sax_static_asserts
+{
+  private:
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                  "BasicJsonType must be of type basic_json<...>");
+
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using exception_t = typename BasicJsonType::exception;
+
+  public:
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, null_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool null()");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool boolean(bool)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, boolean_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool boolean(bool)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_integer_function_t, SAX,
+        number_integer_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool number_integer(number_integer_t)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, number_unsigned_function_t, SAX,
+        number_unsigned_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, number_float_function_t, SAX,
+                  number_float_t, string_t>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool number_float(number_float_t, const string_t&)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, string_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool string(string_t&)");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, binary_function_t, SAX, binary_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool binary(binary_t&)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, start_object_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool start_object(std::size_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, key_function_t, SAX, string_t>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool key(string_t&)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, end_object_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool end_object()");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, start_array_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool start_array(std::size_t)");
+    static_assert(is_detected_exact<bool, end_array_function_t, SAX>::value,
+                  "Missing/invalid function: bool end_array()");
+    static_assert(
+        is_detected_exact<bool, parse_error_function_t, SAX, exception_t>::value,
+        "Missing/invalid function: bool parse_error(std::size_t, const "
+        "std::string&, const exception&)");
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/// how to treat CBOR tags
+enum class cbor_tag_handler_t
+{
+    error,   ///< throw a parse_error exception in case of a tag
+    ignore,  ///< ignore tags
+    store    ///< store tags as binary type
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief determine system byte order
+
+@return true if and only if system's byte order is little endian
+
+@note from https://stackoverflow.com/a/1001328/266378
+*/
+static inline bool little_endianess(int num = 1) noexcept
+{
+    return *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&num) == 1;
+}
+
+
+///////////////////
+// binary reader //
+///////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief deserialization of CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON values
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType, typename SAX = json_sax_dom_parser<BasicJsonType>>
+class binary_reader
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using json_sax_t = SAX;
+    using char_type = typename InputAdapterType::char_type;
+    using char_int_type = typename std::char_traits<char_type>::int_type;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a binary reader
+
+    @param[in] adapter  input adapter to read from
+    */
+    explicit binary_reader(InputAdapterType&& adapter) noexcept : ia(std::move(adapter))
+    {
+        (void)detail::is_sax_static_asserts<SAX, BasicJsonType> {};
+    }
+
+    // make class move-only
+    binary_reader(const binary_reader&) = delete;
+    binary_reader(binary_reader&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    binary_reader& operator=(const binary_reader&) = delete;
+    binary_reader& operator=(binary_reader&&) = default; // NOLINT(hicpp-noexcept-move,performance-noexcept-move-constructor)
+    ~binary_reader() = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format  the binary format to parse
+    @param[in] sax_    a SAX event processor
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed completed
+    @param[in] tag_handler  how to treat CBOR tags
+
+    @return whether parsing was successful
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    bool sax_parse(const input_format_t format,
+                   json_sax_t* sax_,
+                   const bool strict = true,
+                   const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        sax = sax_;
+        bool result = false;
+
+        switch (format)
+        {
+            case input_format_t::bson:
+                result = parse_bson_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::cbor:
+                result = parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::msgpack:
+                result = parse_msgpack_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::ubjson:
+                result = parse_ubjson_internal();
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::json: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        // strict mode: next byte must be EOF
+        if (result && strict)
+        {
+            if (format == input_format_t::ubjson)
+            {
+                get_ignore_noop();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                get();
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+            {
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, get_token_string(),
+                                        parse_error::create(110, chars_read, exception_message(format, "expected end of input; last byte: 0x" + get_token_string(), "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    //////////
+    // BSON //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Reads in a BSON-object and passes it to the SAX-parser.
+    @return whether a valid BSON-value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_internal()
+    {
+        std::int32_t document_size{};
+        get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, document_size);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_list(/*is_array*/false)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a C-style string from the BSON input.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the string variable where the read
+                            string is to be stored.
+    @return `true` if the \x00-byte indicating the end of the string was
+             encountered before the EOF; false` indicates an unexpected EOF.
+    */
+    bool get_bson_cstr(string_t& result)
+    {
+        auto out = std::back_inserter(result);
+        while (true)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::bson, "cstring")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (current == 0x00)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            *out++ = static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a zero-terminated string of length @a len from the BSON
+           input.
+    @param[in] len  The length (including the zero-byte at the end) of the
+                    string to be read.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the string variable where the read
+                            string is to be stored.
+    @tparam NumberType The type of the length @a len
+    @pre len >= 1
+    @return `true` if the string was successfully parsed
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_bson_string(const NumberType len, string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len < 1))
+        {
+            auto last_token = get_token_string();
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::bson, "string length must be at least 1, is " + std::to_string(len), "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return get_string(input_format_t::bson, len - static_cast<NumberType>(1), result) && get() != std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Parses a byte array input of length @a len from the BSON input.
+    @param[in] len  The length of the byte array to be read.
+    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the binary variable where the read
+                            array is to be stored.
+    @tparam NumberType The type of the length @a len
+    @pre len >= 0
+    @return `true` if the byte array was successfully parsed
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_bson_binary(const NumberType len, binary_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(len < 0))
+        {
+            auto last_token = get_token_string();
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::bson, "byte array length cannot be negative, is " + std::to_string(len), "binary"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // All BSON binary values have a subtype
+        std::uint8_t subtype{};
+        get_number<std::uint8_t>(input_format_t::bson, subtype);
+        result.set_subtype(subtype);
+
+        return get_binary(input_format_t::bson, len, result);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Read a BSON document element of the given @a element_type.
+    @param[in] element_type The BSON element type, c.f. http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @param[in] element_type_parse_position The position in the input stream,
+               where the `element_type` was read.
+    @warning Not all BSON element types are supported yet. An unsupported
+             @a element_type will give rise to a parse_error.114:
+             Unsupported BSON record type 0x...
+    @return whether a valid BSON-object/array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_element_internal(const char_int_type element_type,
+                                     const std::size_t element_type_parse_position)
+    {
+        switch (element_type)
+        {
+            case 0x01: // double
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number<double, true>(input_format_t::bson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0x02: // string
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                string_t value;
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, len) && get_bson_string(len, value) && sax->string(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x03: // object
+            {
+                return parse_bson_internal();
+            }
+
+            case 0x04: // array
+            {
+                return parse_bson_array();
+            }
+
+            case 0x05: // binary
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                binary_t value;
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, len) && get_bson_binary(len, value) && sax->binary(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x08: // boolean
+            {
+                return sax->boolean(get() != 0);
+            }
+
+            case 0x0A: // null
+            {
+                return sax->null();
+            }
+
+            case 0x10: // int32
+            {
+                std::int32_t value{};
+                return get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, value) && sax->number_integer(value);
+            }
+
+            case 0x12: // int64
+            {
+                std::int64_t value{};
+                return get_number<std::int64_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, value) && sax->number_integer(value);
+            }
+
+            default: // anything else not supported (yet)
+            {
+                std::array<char, 3> cr{{}};
+                (std::snprintf)(cr.data(), cr.size(), "%.2hhX", static_cast<unsigned char>(element_type)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                return sax->parse_error(element_type_parse_position, std::string(cr.data()), parse_error::create(114, element_type_parse_position, "Unsupported BSON record type 0x" + std::string(cr.data()), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Read a BSON element list (as specified in the BSON-spec)
+
+    The same binary layout is used for objects and arrays, hence it must be
+    indicated with the argument @a is_array which one is expected
+    (true --> array, false --> object).
+
+    @param[in] is_array Determines if the element list being read is to be
+                        treated as an object (@a is_array == false), or as an
+                        array (@a is_array == true).
+    @return whether a valid BSON-object/array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_element_list(const bool is_array)
+    {
+        string_t key;
+
+        while (auto element_type = get())
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::bson, "element list")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const std::size_t element_type_parse_position = chars_read;
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_bson_cstr(key)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!is_array && !sax->key(key))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_internal(element_type, element_type_parse_position)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // get_bson_cstr only appends
+            key.clear();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Reads an array from the BSON input and passes it to the SAX-parser.
+    @return whether a valid BSON-array was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_bson_array()
+    {
+        std::int32_t document_size{};
+        get_number<std::int32_t, true>(input_format_t::bson, document_size);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_bson_element_list(/*is_array*/true)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    //////////
+    // CBOR //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true) or whether the last read character should
+                         be considered instead (false)
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+
+    @return whether a valid CBOR value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_cbor_internal(const bool get_char,
+                             const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        switch (get_char ? get() : current)
+        {
+            // EOF
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "value");
+
+            // Integer 0x00..0x17 (0..23)
+            case 0x00:
+            case 0x01:
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03:
+            case 0x04:
+            case 0x05:
+            case 0x06:
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0A:
+            case 0x0B:
+            case 0x0C:
+            case 0x0D:
+            case 0x0E:
+            case 0x0F:
+            case 0x10:
+            case 0x11:
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x13:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+            case 0x16:
+            case 0x17:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(current));
+
+            case 0x18: // Unsigned integer (one-byte uint8_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x19: // Unsigned integer (two-byte uint16_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x1A: // Unsigned integer (four-byte uint32_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x1B: // Unsigned integer (eight-byte uint64_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            // Negative integer -1-0x00..-1-0x17 (-1..-24)
+            case 0x20:
+            case 0x21:
+            case 0x22:
+            case 0x23:
+            case 0x24:
+            case 0x25:
+            case 0x26:
+            case 0x27:
+            case 0x28:
+            case 0x29:
+            case 0x2A:
+            case 0x2B:
+            case 0x2C:
+            case 0x2D:
+            case 0x2E:
+            case 0x2F:
+            case 0x30:
+            case 0x31:
+            case 0x32:
+            case 0x33:
+            case 0x34:
+            case 0x35:
+            case 0x36:
+            case 0x37:
+                return sax->number_integer(static_cast<std::int8_t>(0x20 - 1 - current));
+
+            case 0x38: // Negative integer (one-byte uint8_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x39: // Negative integer -1-n (two-byte uint16_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x3A: // Negative integer -1-n (four-byte uint32_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1) - number);
+            }
+
+            case 0x3B: // Negative integer -1-n (eight-byte uint64_t follows)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_integer(static_cast<number_integer_t>(-1)
+                        - static_cast<number_integer_t>(number));
+            }
+
+            // Binary data (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            case 0x58: // Binary data (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            case 0x59: // Binary data (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5A: // Binary data (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5B: // Binary data (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            case 0x5F: // Binary data (indefinite length)
+            {
+                binary_t b;
+                return get_cbor_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+            }
+
+            // UTF-8 string (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            case 0x78: // UTF-8 string (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            case 0x79: // UTF-8 string (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7A: // UTF-8 string (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7B: // UTF-8 string (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            case 0x7F: // UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_cbor_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            // array (0x00..0x17 data items follow)
+            case 0x80:
+            case 0x81:
+            case 0x82:
+            case 0x83:
+            case 0x84:
+            case 0x85:
+            case 0x86:
+            case 0x87:
+            case 0x88:
+            case 0x89:
+            case 0x8A:
+            case 0x8B:
+            case 0x8C:
+            case 0x8D:
+            case 0x8E:
+            case 0x8F:
+            case 0x90:
+            case 0x91:
+            case 0x92:
+            case 0x93:
+            case 0x94:
+            case 0x95:
+            case 0x96:
+            case 0x97:
+                return get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0x98: // array (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x99: // array (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9A: // array (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9B: // array (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_array(detail::conditional_static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0x9F: // array (indefinite length)
+                return get_cbor_array(std::size_t(-1), tag_handler);
+
+            // map (0x00..0x17 pairs of data items follow)
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+                return get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0xB8: // map (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xB9: // map (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBA: // map (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBB: // map (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_cbor_object(detail::conditional_static_cast<std::size_t>(len), tag_handler);
+            }
+
+            case 0xBF: // map (indefinite length)
+                return get_cbor_object(std::size_t(-1), tag_handler);
+
+            case 0xC6: // tagged item
+            case 0xC7:
+            case 0xC8:
+            case 0xC9:
+            case 0xCA:
+            case 0xCB:
+            case 0xCC:
+            case 0xCD:
+            case 0xCE:
+            case 0xCF:
+            case 0xD0:
+            case 0xD1:
+            case 0xD2:
+            case 0xD3:
+            case 0xD4:
+            case 0xD8: // tagged item (1 bytes follow)
+            case 0xD9: // tagged item (2 bytes follow)
+            case 0xDA: // tagged item (4 bytes follow)
+            case 0xDB: // tagged item (8 bytes follow)
+            {
+                switch (tag_handler)
+                {
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::error:
+                    {
+                        auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                        return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore:
+                    {
+                        // ignore binary subtype
+                        switch (current)
+                        {
+                            case 0xD8:
+                            {
+                                std::uint8_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xD9:
+                            {
+                                std::uint16_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDA:
+                            {
+                                std::uint32_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDB:
+                            {
+                                std::uint64_t subtype_to_ignore{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype_to_ignore);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        return parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                    }
+
+                    case cbor_tag_handler_t::store:
+                    {
+                        binary_t b;
+                        // use binary subtype and store in binary container
+                        switch (current)
+                        {
+                            case 0xD8:
+                            {
+                                std::uint8_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xD9:
+                            {
+                                std::uint16_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDA:
+                            {
+                                std::uint32_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case 0xDB:
+                            {
+                                std::uint64_t subtype{};
+                                get_number(input_format_t::cbor, subtype);
+                                b.set_subtype(detail::conditional_static_cast<typename binary_t::subtype_type>(subtype));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                return parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler);
+                        }
+                        get();
+                        return get_cbor_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+                    }
+
+                    default:                 // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                        return false;        // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                }
+            }
+
+            case 0xF4: // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 0xF5: // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+
+            case 0xF6: // null
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 0xF9: // Half-Precision Float (two-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                const auto byte1_raw = get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "number")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                const auto byte2_raw = get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "number")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const auto byte1 = static_cast<unsigned char>(byte1_raw);
+                const auto byte2 = static_cast<unsigned char>(byte2_raw);
+
+                // code from RFC 7049, Appendix D, Figure 3:
+                // As half-precision floating-point numbers were only added
+                // to IEEE 754 in 2008, today's programming platforms often
+                // still only have limited support for them. It is very
+                // easy to include at least decoding support for them even
+                // without such support. An example of a small decoder for
+                // half-precision floating-point numbers in the C language
+                // is shown in Fig. 3.
+                const auto half = static_cast<unsigned int>((byte1 << 8u) + byte2);
+                const double val = [&half]
+                {
+                    const int exp = (half >> 10u) & 0x1Fu;
+                    const unsigned int mant = half & 0x3FFu;
+                    JSON_ASSERT(0 <= exp&& exp <= 32);
+                    JSON_ASSERT(mant <= 1024);
+                    switch (exp)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                            return std::ldexp(mant, -24);
+                        case 31:
+                            return (mant == 0)
+                            ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
+                            : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+                        default:
+                            return std::ldexp(mant + 1024, exp - 25);
+                    }
+                }();
+                return sax->number_float((half & 0x8000u) != 0
+                                         ? static_cast<number_float_t>(-val)
+                                         : static_cast<number_float_t>(val), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xFA: // Single-Precision Float (four-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xFB: // Double-Precision Float (eight-byte IEEE 754)
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            default: // anything else (0xFF is handled inside the other types)
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a CBOR string
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    string length and then copies this number of bytes into a string.
+    Additionally, CBOR's strings with indefinite lengths are supported.
+
+    @param[out] result  created string
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_string(string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "string")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // UTF-8 string (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            {
+                return get_string(input_format_t::cbor, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x78: // UTF-8 string (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x79: // UTF-8 string (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7A: // UTF-8 string (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7B: // UTF-8 string (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) && get_string(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x7F: // UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    string_t chunk;
+                    if (!get_cbor_string(chunk))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.append(chunk);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a CBOR byte array
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    byte array length and then copies this number of bytes into the byte array.
+    Additionally, CBOR's byte arrays with indefinite lengths are supported.
+
+    @param[out] result  created byte array
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_binary(binary_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::cbor, "binary")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // Binary data (0x00..0x17 bytes follow)
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            {
+                return get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x58: // Binary data (one-byte uint8_t for n follows)
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x59: // Binary data (two-byte uint16_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5A: // Binary data (four-byte uint32_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5B: // Binary data (eight-byte uint64_t for n follow)
+            {
+                std::uint64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::cbor, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::cbor, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0x5F: // Binary data (indefinite length)
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    binary_t chunk;
+                    if (!get_cbor_binary(chunk))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.insert(result.end(), chunk.begin(), chunk.end());
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::cbor, "expected length specification (0x40-0x5B) or indefinite binary array type (0x5F); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "binary"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the array or std::size_t(-1) for an
+                    array of indefinite size
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_array(const std::size_t len,
+                        const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (len != std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            while (get() != 0xFF)
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(false, tag_handler)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the object or std::size_t(-1) for an
+                    object of indefinite size
+    @param[in] tag_handler how CBOR tags should be treated
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_cbor_object(const std::size_t len,
+                         const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (len != 0)
+        {
+            string_t key;
+            if (len != std::size_t(-1))
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                {
+                    get();
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                while (get() != 0xFF)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_cbor_internal(true, tag_handler)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    /////////////
+    // MsgPack //
+    /////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether a valid MessagePack value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_msgpack_internal()
+    {
+        switch (get())
+        {
+            // EOF
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::msgpack, "value");
+
+            // positive fixint
+            case 0x00:
+            case 0x01:
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03:
+            case 0x04:
+            case 0x05:
+            case 0x06:
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0A:
+            case 0x0B:
+            case 0x0C:
+            case 0x0D:
+            case 0x0E:
+            case 0x0F:
+            case 0x10:
+            case 0x11:
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x13:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+            case 0x16:
+            case 0x17:
+            case 0x18:
+            case 0x19:
+            case 0x1A:
+            case 0x1B:
+            case 0x1C:
+            case 0x1D:
+            case 0x1E:
+            case 0x1F:
+            case 0x20:
+            case 0x21:
+            case 0x22:
+            case 0x23:
+            case 0x24:
+            case 0x25:
+            case 0x26:
+            case 0x27:
+            case 0x28:
+            case 0x29:
+            case 0x2A:
+            case 0x2B:
+            case 0x2C:
+            case 0x2D:
+            case 0x2E:
+            case 0x2F:
+            case 0x30:
+            case 0x31:
+            case 0x32:
+            case 0x33:
+            case 0x34:
+            case 0x35:
+            case 0x36:
+            case 0x37:
+            case 0x38:
+            case 0x39:
+            case 0x3A:
+            case 0x3B:
+            case 0x3C:
+            case 0x3D:
+            case 0x3E:
+            case 0x3F:
+            case 0x40:
+            case 0x41:
+            case 0x42:
+            case 0x43:
+            case 0x44:
+            case 0x45:
+            case 0x46:
+            case 0x47:
+            case 0x48:
+            case 0x49:
+            case 0x4A:
+            case 0x4B:
+            case 0x4C:
+            case 0x4D:
+            case 0x4E:
+            case 0x4F:
+            case 0x50:
+            case 0x51:
+            case 0x52:
+            case 0x53:
+            case 0x54:
+            case 0x55:
+            case 0x56:
+            case 0x57:
+            case 0x58:
+            case 0x59:
+            case 0x5A:
+            case 0x5B:
+            case 0x5C:
+            case 0x5D:
+            case 0x5E:
+            case 0x5F:
+            case 0x60:
+            case 0x61:
+            case 0x62:
+            case 0x63:
+            case 0x64:
+            case 0x65:
+            case 0x66:
+            case 0x67:
+            case 0x68:
+            case 0x69:
+            case 0x6A:
+            case 0x6B:
+            case 0x6C:
+            case 0x6D:
+            case 0x6E:
+            case 0x6F:
+            case 0x70:
+            case 0x71:
+            case 0x72:
+            case 0x73:
+            case 0x74:
+            case 0x75:
+            case 0x76:
+            case 0x77:
+            case 0x78:
+            case 0x79:
+            case 0x7A:
+            case 0x7B:
+            case 0x7C:
+            case 0x7D:
+            case 0x7E:
+            case 0x7F:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(current));
+
+            // fixmap
+            case 0x80:
+            case 0x81:
+            case 0x82:
+            case 0x83:
+            case 0x84:
+            case 0x85:
+            case 0x86:
+            case 0x87:
+            case 0x88:
+            case 0x89:
+            case 0x8A:
+            case 0x8B:
+            case 0x8C:
+            case 0x8D:
+            case 0x8E:
+            case 0x8F:
+                return get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x0Fu));
+
+            // fixarray
+            case 0x90:
+            case 0x91:
+            case 0x92:
+            case 0x93:
+            case 0x94:
+            case 0x95:
+            case 0x96:
+            case 0x97:
+            case 0x98:
+            case 0x99:
+            case 0x9A:
+            case 0x9B:
+            case 0x9C:
+            case 0x9D:
+            case 0x9E:
+            case 0x9F:
+                return get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x0Fu));
+
+            // fixstr
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+            case 0xB8:
+            case 0xB9:
+            case 0xBA:
+            case 0xBB:
+            case 0xBC:
+            case 0xBD:
+            case 0xBE:
+            case 0xBF:
+            case 0xD9: // str 8
+            case 0xDA: // str 16
+            case 0xDB: // str 32
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_msgpack_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC0: // nil
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 0xC2: // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 0xC3: // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+
+            case 0xC4: // bin 8
+            case 0xC5: // bin 16
+            case 0xC6: // bin 32
+            case 0xC7: // ext 8
+            case 0xC8: // ext 16
+            case 0xC9: // ext 32
+            case 0xD4: // fixext 1
+            case 0xD5: // fixext 2
+            case 0xD6: // fixext 4
+            case 0xD7: // fixext 8
+            case 0xD8: // fixext 16
+            {
+                binary_t b;
+                return get_msgpack_binary(b) && sax->binary(b);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCA: // float 32
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xCB: // float 64
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 0xCC: // uint 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCD: // uint 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCE: // uint 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xCF: // uint 64
+            {
+                std::uint64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD0: // int 8
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD1: // int 16
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD2: // int 32
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD3: // int 64
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDC: // array 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDD: // array 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_array(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDE: // map 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            case 0xDF: // map 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_msgpack_object(static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+            }
+
+            // negative fixint
+            case 0xE0:
+            case 0xE1:
+            case 0xE2:
+            case 0xE3:
+            case 0xE4:
+            case 0xE5:
+            case 0xE6:
+            case 0xE7:
+            case 0xE8:
+            case 0xE9:
+            case 0xEA:
+            case 0xEB:
+            case 0xEC:
+            case 0xED:
+            case 0xEE:
+            case 0xEF:
+            case 0xF0:
+            case 0xF1:
+            case 0xF2:
+            case 0xF3:
+            case 0xF4:
+            case 0xF5:
+            case 0xF6:
+            case 0xF7:
+            case 0xF8:
+            case 0xF9:
+            case 0xFA:
+            case 0xFB:
+            case 0xFC:
+            case 0xFD:
+            case 0xFE:
+            case 0xFF:
+                return sax->number_integer(static_cast<std::int8_t>(current));
+
+            default: // anything else
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::msgpack, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a MessagePack string
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    string length and then copies this number of bytes into a string.
+
+    @param[out] result  created string
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_string(string_t& result)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::msgpack, "string")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            // fixstr
+            case 0xA0:
+            case 0xA1:
+            case 0xA2:
+            case 0xA3:
+            case 0xA4:
+            case 0xA5:
+            case 0xA6:
+            case 0xA7:
+            case 0xA8:
+            case 0xA9:
+            case 0xAA:
+            case 0xAB:
+            case 0xAC:
+            case 0xAD:
+            case 0xAE:
+            case 0xAF:
+            case 0xB0:
+            case 0xB1:
+            case 0xB2:
+            case 0xB3:
+            case 0xB4:
+            case 0xB5:
+            case 0xB6:
+            case 0xB7:
+            case 0xB8:
+            case 0xB9:
+            case 0xBA:
+            case 0xBB:
+            case 0xBC:
+            case 0xBD:
+            case 0xBE:
+            case 0xBF:
+            {
+                return get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, static_cast<unsigned int>(current) & 0x1Fu, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD9: // str 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDA: // str 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xDB: // str 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) && get_string(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::msgpack, "expected length specification (0xA0-0xBF, 0xD9-0xDB); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a MessagePack byte array
+
+    This function first reads starting bytes to determine the expected
+    byte array length and then copies this number of bytes into a byte array.
+
+    @param[out] result  created byte array
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_binary(binary_t& result)
+    {
+        // helper function to set the subtype
+        auto assign_and_return_true = [&result](std::int8_t subtype)
+        {
+            result.set_subtype(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(subtype));
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case 0xC4: // bin 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC5: // bin 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC6: // bin 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC7: // ext 8
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC8: // ext 16
+            {
+                std::uint16_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xC9: // ext 32
+            {
+                std::uint32_t len{};
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, len) &&
+                       get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, len, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD4: // fixext 1
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 1, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD5: // fixext 2
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 2, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD6: // fixext 4
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 4, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD7: // fixext 8
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 8, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            case 0xD8: // fixext 16
+            {
+                std::int8_t subtype{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::msgpack, subtype) &&
+                       get_binary(input_format_t::msgpack, 16, result) &&
+                       assign_and_return_true(subtype);
+            }
+
+            default:           // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                return false;  // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the array
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_array(const std::size_t len)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_msgpack_internal()))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] len  the length of the object
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_msgpack_object(const std::size_t len)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(len)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        string_t key;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_msgpack_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_msgpack_internal()))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            key.clear();
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    ////////////
+    // UBJSON //
+    ////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true, default) or whether the last read
+                         character should be considered instead
+
+    @return whether a valid UBJSON value was passed to the SAX parser
+    */
+    bool parse_ubjson_internal(const bool get_char = true)
+    {
+        return get_ubjson_value(get_char ? get_ignore_noop() : current);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief reads a UBJSON string
+
+    This function is either called after reading the 'S' byte explicitly
+    indicating a string, or in case of an object key where the 'S' byte can be
+    left out.
+
+    @param[out] result   created string
+    @param[in] get_char  whether a new character should be retrieved from the
+                         input (true, default) or whether the last read
+                         character should be considered instead
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_string(string_t& result, const bool get_char = true)
+    {
+        if (get_char)
+        {
+            get();  // TODO(niels): may we ignore N here?
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (current)
+        {
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t len{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, len) && get_string(input_format_t::ubjson, len, result);
+            }
+
+            default:
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L); last byte: 0x" + last_token, "string"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[out] result  determined size
+    @return whether size determination completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_size_value(std::size_t& result)
+    {
+        switch (get_ignore_noop())
+        {
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number); // NOLINT(bugprone-signed-char-misuse,cert-str34-c): number is not a char
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                result = static_cast<std::size_t>(number);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            default:
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L) after '#'; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "size"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief determine the type and size for a container
+
+    In the optimized UBJSON format, a type and a size can be provided to allow
+    for a more compact representation.
+
+    @param[out] result  pair of the size and the type
+
+    @return whether pair creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_size_type(std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type>& result)
+    {
+        result.first = string_t::npos; // size
+        result.second = 0; // type
+
+        get_ignore_noop();
+
+        if (current == '$')
+        {
+            result.second = get();  // must not ignore 'N', because 'N' maybe the type
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "type")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            get_ignore_noop();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current != '#'))
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "size"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            return get_ubjson_size_value(result.first);
+        }
+
+        if (current == '#')
+        {
+            return get_ubjson_size_value(result.first);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param prefix  the previously read or set type prefix
+    @return whether value creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_value(const char_int_type prefix)
+    {
+        switch (prefix)
+        {
+            case std::char_traits<char_type>::eof():  // EOF
+                return unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "value");
+
+            case 'T':  // true
+                return sax->boolean(true);
+            case 'F':  // false
+                return sax->boolean(false);
+
+            case 'Z':  // null
+                return sax->null();
+
+            case 'U':
+            {
+                std::uint8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_unsigned(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'i':
+            {
+                std::int8_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'I':
+            {
+                std::int16_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'l':
+            {
+                std::int32_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'L':
+            {
+                std::int64_t number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_integer(number);
+            }
+
+            case 'd':
+            {
+                float number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 'D':
+            {
+                double number{};
+                return get_number(input_format_t::ubjson, number) && sax->number_float(static_cast<number_float_t>(number), "");
+            }
+
+            case 'H':
+            {
+                return get_ubjson_high_precision_number();
+            }
+
+            case 'C':  // char
+            {
+                get();
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "char")))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current > 127))
+                {
+                    auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                    return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(113, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "byte after 'C' must be in range 0x00..0x7F; last byte: 0x" + last_token, "char"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+                string_t s(1, static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current));
+                return sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case 'S':  // string
+            {
+                string_t s;
+                return get_ubjson_string(s) && sax->string(s);
+            }
+
+            case '[':  // array
+                return get_ubjson_array();
+
+            case '{':  // object
+                return get_ubjson_object();
+
+            default: // anything else
+            {
+                auto last_token = get_token_string();
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, last_token, parse_error::create(112, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid byte: 0x" + last_token, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether array creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_array()
+    {
+        std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type> size_and_type;
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_size_type(size_and_type)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (size_and_type.first != string_t::npos)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(size_and_type.first)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (size_and_type.second != 0)
+            {
+                if (size_and_type.second != 'N')
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_value(size_and_type.second)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            while (current != ']')
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal(false)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                get_ignore_noop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_array();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return whether object creation completed
+    */
+    bool get_ubjson_object()
+    {
+        std::pair<std::size_t, char_int_type> size_and_type;
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_size_type(size_and_type)))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        string_t key;
+        if (size_and_type.first != string_t::npos)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(size_and_type.first)))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (size_and_type.second != 0)
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_value(size_and_type.second)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_and_type.first; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key) || !sax->key(key)))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    key.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            while (current != '}')
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_ubjson_string(key, false) || !sax->key(key)))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!parse_ubjson_internal()))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                get_ignore_noop();
+                key.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sax->end_object();
+    }
+
+    // Note, no reader for UBJSON binary types is implemented because they do
+    // not exist
+
+    bool get_ubjson_high_precision_number()
+    {
+        // get size of following number string
+        std::size_t size{};
+        auto res = get_ubjson_size_value(size);
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!res))
+        {
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        // get number string
+        std::vector<char> number_vector;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(input_format_t::ubjson, "number")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            number_vector.push_back(static_cast<char>(current));
+        }
+
+        // parse number string
+        using ia_type = decltype(detail::input_adapter(number_vector));
+        auto number_lexer = detail::lexer<BasicJsonType, ia_type>(detail::input_adapter(number_vector), false);
+        const auto result_number = number_lexer.scan();
+        const auto number_string = number_lexer.get_token_string();
+        const auto result_remainder = number_lexer.scan();
+
+        using token_type = typename detail::lexer_base<BasicJsonType>::token_type;
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(result_remainder != token_type::end_of_input))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, number_string, parse_error::create(115, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid number text: " + number_lexer.get_token_string(), "high-precision number"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        switch (result_number)
+        {
+            case token_type::value_integer:
+                return sax->number_integer(number_lexer.get_number_integer());
+            case token_type::value_unsigned:
+                return sax->number_unsigned(number_lexer.get_number_unsigned());
+            case token_type::value_float:
+                return sax->number_float(number_lexer.get_number_float(), std::move(number_string));
+            case token_type::uninitialized:
+            case token_type::literal_true:
+            case token_type::literal_false:
+            case token_type::literal_null:
+            case token_type::value_string:
+            case token_type::begin_array:
+            case token_type::begin_object:
+            case token_type::end_array:
+            case token_type::end_object:
+            case token_type::name_separator:
+            case token_type::value_separator:
+            case token_type::parse_error:
+            case token_type::end_of_input:
+            case token_type::literal_or_value:
+            default:
+                return sax->parse_error(chars_read, number_string, parse_error::create(115, chars_read, exception_message(input_format_t::ubjson, "invalid number text: " + number_lexer.get_token_string(), "high-precision number"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////
+    // Utility functions //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get next character from the input
+
+    This function provides the interface to the used input adapter. It does
+    not throw in case the input reached EOF, but returns a -'ve valued
+    `std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()` in that case.
+
+    @return character read from the input
+    */
+    char_int_type get()
+    {
+        ++chars_read;
+        return current = ia.get_character();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return character read from the input after ignoring all 'N' entries
+    */
+    char_int_type get_ignore_noop()
+    {
+        do
+        {
+            get();
+        }
+        while (current == 'N');
+
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @brief read a number from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format   the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[out] result  number of type @a NumberType
+
+    @return whether conversion completed
+
+    @note This function needs to respect the system's endianess, because
+          bytes in CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON are stored in network order
+          (big endian) and therefore need reordering on little endian systems.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType, bool InputIsLittleEndian = false>
+    bool get_number(const input_format_t format, NumberType& result)
+    {
+        // step 1: read input into array with system's byte order
+        std::array<std::uint8_t, sizeof(NumberType)> vec{};
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(NumberType); ++i)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "number")))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // reverse byte order prior to conversion if necessary
+            if (is_little_endian != InputIsLittleEndian)
+            {
+                vec[sizeof(NumberType) - i - 1] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                vec[i] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+
+        // step 2: convert array into number of type T and return
+        std::memcpy(&result, vec.data(), sizeof(NumberType));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a string by reading characters from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] len number of characters to read
+    @param[out] result string created by reading @a len bytes
+
+    @return whether string creation completed
+
+    @note We can not reserve @a len bytes for the result, because @a len
+          may be too large. Usually, @ref unexpect_eof() detects the end of
+          the input before we run out of string memory.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_string(const input_format_t format,
+                    const NumberType len,
+                    string_t& result)
+    {
+        bool success = true;
+        for (NumberType i = 0; i < len; i++)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "string")))
+            {
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            result.push_back(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(current));
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a byte array by reading bytes from the input
+
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @param[in] format the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] len number of bytes to read
+    @param[out] result byte array created by reading @a len bytes
+
+    @return whether byte array creation completed
+
+    @note We can not reserve @a len bytes for the result, because @a len
+          may be too large. Usually, @ref unexpect_eof() detects the end of
+          the input before we run out of memory.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool get_binary(const input_format_t format,
+                    const NumberType len,
+                    binary_t& result)
+    {
+        bool success = true;
+        for (NumberType i = 0; i < len; i++)
+        {
+            get();
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof(format, "binary")))
+            {
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            result.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(current));
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format   the current format (for diagnostics)
+    @param[in] context  further context information (for diagnostics)
+    @return whether the last read character is not EOF
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    bool unexpect_eof(const input_format_t format, const char* context) const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(current == std::char_traits<char_type>::eof()))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(chars_read, "<end of file>",
+                                    parse_error::create(110, chars_read, exception_message(format, "unexpected end of input", context), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return a string representation of the last read byte
+    */
+    std::string get_token_string() const
+    {
+        std::array<char, 3> cr{{}};
+        (std::snprintf)(cr.data(), cr.size(), "%.2hhX", static_cast<unsigned char>(current)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        return std::string{cr.data()};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] format   the current format
+    @param[in] detail   a detailed error message
+    @param[in] context  further context information
+    @return a message string to use in the parse_error exceptions
+    */
+    std::string exception_message(const input_format_t format,
+                                  const std::string& detail,
+                                  const std::string& context) const
+    {
+        std::string error_msg = "syntax error while parsing ";
+
+        switch (format)
+        {
+            case input_format_t::cbor:
+                error_msg += "CBOR";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::msgpack:
+                error_msg += "MessagePack";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::ubjson:
+                error_msg += "UBJSON";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::bson:
+                error_msg += "BSON";
+                break;
+
+            case input_format_t::json: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        return error_msg + " " + context + ": " + detail;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// input adapter
+    InputAdapterType ia;
+
+    /// the current character
+    char_int_type current = std::char_traits<char_type>::eof();
+
+    /// the number of characters read
+    std::size_t chars_read = 0;
+
+    /// whether we can assume little endianess
+    const bool is_little_endian = little_endianess();
+
+    /// the SAX parser
+    json_sax_t* sax = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cmath> // isfinite
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <functional> // function
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/is_sax.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+////////////
+// parser //
+////////////
+
+enum class parse_event_t : std::uint8_t
+{
+    /// the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
+    object_start,
+    /// the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
+    object_end,
+    /// the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
+    array_start,
+    /// the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
+    array_end,
+    /// the parser read a key of a value in an object
+    key,
+    /// the parser finished reading a JSON value
+    value
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+using parser_callback_t =
+    std::function<bool(int /*depth*/, parse_event_t /*event*/, BasicJsonType& /*parsed*/)>;
+
+/*!
+@brief syntax analysis
+
+This class implements a recursive descent parser.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputAdapterType>
+class parser
+{
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using lexer_t = lexer<BasicJsonType, InputAdapterType>;
+    using token_type = typename lexer_t::token_type;
+
+  public:
+    /// a parser reading from an input adapter
+    explicit parser(InputAdapterType&& adapter,
+                    const parser_callback_t<BasicJsonType> cb = nullptr,
+                    const bool allow_exceptions_ = true,
+                    const bool skip_comments = false)
+        : callback(cb)
+        , m_lexer(std::move(adapter), skip_comments)
+        , allow_exceptions(allow_exceptions_)
+    {
+        // read first token
+        get_token();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief public parser interface
+
+    @param[in] strict      whether to expect the last token to be EOF
+    @param[in,out] result  parsed JSON value
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 in case of an unexpected token
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+    */
+    void parse(const bool strict, BasicJsonType& result)
+    {
+        if (callback)
+        {
+            json_sax_dom_callback_parser<BasicJsonType> sdp(result, callback, allow_exceptions);
+            sax_parse_internal(&sdp);
+
+            // in strict mode, input must be completely read
+            if (strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+            {
+                sdp.parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // in case of an error, return discarded value
+            if (sdp.is_errored())
+            {
+                result = value_t::discarded;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // set top-level value to null if it was discarded by the callback
+            // function
+            if (result.is_discarded())
+            {
+                result = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            json_sax_dom_parser<BasicJsonType> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+            sax_parse_internal(&sdp);
+
+            // in strict mode, input must be completely read
+            if (strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+            {
+                sdp.parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // in case of an error, return discarded value
+            if (sdp.is_errored())
+            {
+                result = value_t::discarded;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        result.assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief public accept interface
+
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the last token to be EOF
+    @return whether the input is a proper JSON text
+    */
+    bool accept(const bool strict = true)
+    {
+        json_sax_acceptor<BasicJsonType> sax_acceptor;
+        return sax_parse(&sax_acceptor, strict);
+    }
+
+    template<typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    bool sax_parse(SAX* sax, const bool strict = true)
+    {
+        (void)detail::is_sax_static_asserts<SAX, BasicJsonType> {};
+        const bool result = sax_parse_internal(sax);
+
+        // strict mode: next byte must be EOF
+        if (result && strict && (get_token() != token_type::end_of_input))
+        {
+            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_of_input, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    template<typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    bool sax_parse_internal(SAX* sax)
+    {
+        // stack to remember the hierarchy of structured values we are parsing
+        // true = array; false = object
+        std::vector<bool> states;
+        // value to avoid a goto (see comment where set to true)
+        bool skip_to_state_evaluation = false;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            if (!skip_to_state_evaluation)
+            {
+                // invariant: get_token() was called before each iteration
+                switch (last_token)
+                {
+                    case token_type::begin_object:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_object(std::size_t(-1))))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // closing } -> we are done
+                        if (get_token() == token_type::end_object)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_object()))
+                            {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // parse key
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(last_token != token_type::value_string))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::value_string, "object key"), BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->key(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // parse separator (:)
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::name_separator))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::name_separator, "object separator"), BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        // remember we are now inside an object
+                        states.push_back(false);
+
+                        // parse values
+                        get_token();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::begin_array:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->start_array(std::size_t(-1))))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // closing ] -> we are done
+                        if (get_token() == token_type::end_array)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_array()))
+                            {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // remember we are now inside an array
+                        states.push_back(true);
+
+                        // parse values (no need to call get_token)
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_float:
+                    {
+                        const auto res = m_lexer.get_number_float();
+
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!std::isfinite(res)))
+                        {
+                            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                    out_of_range::create(406, "number overflow parsing '" + m_lexer.get_token_string() + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_float(res, m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_false:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->boolean(false)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_null:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->null()))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::literal_true:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->boolean(true)))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_integer:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_integer(m_lexer.get_number_integer())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_string:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->string(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::value_unsigned:
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->number_unsigned(m_lexer.get_number_unsigned())))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::parse_error:
+                    {
+                        // using "uninitialized" to avoid "expected" message
+                        return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::uninitialized, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+
+                    case token_type::uninitialized:
+                    case token_type::end_array:
+                    case token_type::end_object:
+                    case token_type::name_separator:
+                    case token_type::value_separator:
+                    case token_type::end_of_input:
+                    case token_type::literal_or_value:
+                    default: // the last token was unexpected
+                    {
+                        return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                                m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                                parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::literal_or_value, "value"), BasicJsonType()));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                skip_to_state_evaluation = false;
+            }
+
+            // we reached this line after we successfully parsed a value
+            if (states.empty())
+            {
+                // empty stack: we reached the end of the hierarchy: done
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (states.back())  // array
+            {
+                // comma -> next value
+                if (get_token() == token_type::value_separator)
+                {
+                    // parse a new value
+                    get_token();
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // closing ]
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(last_token == token_type::end_array))
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_array()))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // We are done with this array. Before we can parse a
+                    // new value, we need to evaluate the new state first.
+                    // By setting skip_to_state_evaluation to false, we
+                    // are effectively jumping to the beginning of this if.
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!states.empty());
+                    states.pop_back();
+                    skip_to_state_evaluation = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                        m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                        parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_array, "array"), BasicJsonType()));
+            }
+
+            // states.back() is false -> object
+
+            // comma -> next value
+            if (get_token() == token_type::value_separator)
+            {
+                // parse key
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::value_string))
+                {
+                    return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                            m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                            parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::value_string, "object key"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->key(m_lexer.get_string())))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // parse separator (:)
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(get_token() != token_type::name_separator))
+                {
+                    return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                            m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                            parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::name_separator, "object separator"), BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                // parse values
+                get_token();
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // closing }
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(last_token == token_type::end_object))
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!sax->end_object()))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // We are done with this object. Before we can parse a
+                // new value, we need to evaluate the new state first.
+                // By setting skip_to_state_evaluation to false, we
+                // are effectively jumping to the beginning of this if.
+                JSON_ASSERT(!states.empty());
+                states.pop_back();
+                skip_to_state_evaluation = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return sax->parse_error(m_lexer.get_position(),
+                                    m_lexer.get_token_string(),
+                                    parse_error::create(101, m_lexer.get_position(), exception_message(token_type::end_object, "object"), BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// get next token from lexer
+    token_type get_token()
+    {
+        return last_token = m_lexer.scan();
+    }
+
+    std::string exception_message(const token_type expected, const std::string& context)
+    {
+        std::string error_msg = "syntax error ";
+
+        if (!context.empty())
+        {
+            error_msg += "while parsing " + context + " ";
+        }
+
+        error_msg += "- ";
+
+        if (last_token == token_type::parse_error)
+        {
+            error_msg += std::string(m_lexer.get_error_message()) + "; last read: '" +
+                         m_lexer.get_token_string() + "'";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            error_msg += "unexpected " + std::string(lexer_t::token_type_name(last_token));
+        }
+
+        if (expected != token_type::uninitialized)
+        {
+            error_msg += "; expected " + std::string(lexer_t::token_type_name(expected));
+        }
+
+        return error_msg;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// callback function
+    const parser_callback_t<BasicJsonType> callback = nullptr;
+    /// the type of the last read token
+    token_type last_token = token_type::uninitialized;
+    /// the lexer
+    lexer_t m_lexer;
+    /// whether to throw exceptions in case of errors
+    const bool allow_exceptions = true;
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp>
+
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
+#include <limits>  // numeric_limits
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/*
+@brief an iterator for primitive JSON types
+
+This class models an iterator for primitive JSON types (boolean, number,
+string). It's only purpose is to allow the iterator/const_iterator classes
+to "iterate" over primitive values. Internally, the iterator is modeled by
+a `difference_type` variable. Value begin_value (`0`) models the begin,
+end_value (`1`) models past the end.
+*/
+class primitive_iterator_t
+{
+  private:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    static constexpr difference_type begin_value = 0;
+    static constexpr difference_type end_value = begin_value + 1;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /// iterator as signed integer type
+    difference_type m_it = (std::numeric_limits<std::ptrdiff_t>::min)();
+
+  public:
+    constexpr difference_type get_value() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it;
+    }
+
+    /// set iterator to a defined beginning
+    void set_begin() noexcept
+    {
+        m_it = begin_value;
+    }
+
+    /// set iterator to a defined past the end
+    void set_end() noexcept
+    {
+        m_it = end_value;
+    }
+
+    /// return whether the iterator can be dereferenced
+    constexpr bool is_begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it == begin_value;
+    }
+
+    /// return whether the iterator is at end
+    constexpr bool is_end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_it == end_value;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr bool operator==(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it == rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr bool operator<(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it < rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t operator+(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result += n;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr difference_type operator-(primitive_iterator_t lhs, primitive_iterator_t rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.m_it - rhs.m_it;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator++() noexcept
+    {
+        ++m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t const operator++(int) noexcept // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        ++m_it;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator--() noexcept
+    {
+        --m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t const operator--(int) noexcept // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        --m_it;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator+=(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        m_it += n;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    primitive_iterator_t& operator-=(difference_type n) noexcept
+    {
+        m_it -= n;
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/*!
+@brief an iterator value
+
+@note This structure could easily be a union, but MSVC currently does not allow
+unions members with complex constructors, see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/105.
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType> struct internal_iterator
+{
+    /// iterator for JSON objects
+    typename BasicJsonType::object_t::iterator object_iterator {};
+    /// iterator for JSON arrays
+    typename BasicJsonType::array_t::iterator array_iterator {};
+    /// generic iterator for all other types
+    primitive_iterator_t primitive_iterator {};
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp>
+
+
+#include <iterator> // iterator, random_access_iterator_tag, bidirectional_iterator_tag, advance, next
+#include <type_traits> // conditional, is_const, remove_const
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+// forward declare, to be able to friend it later on
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy;
+template<typename IteratorType> class iteration_proxy_value;
+
+/*!
+@brief a template for a bidirectional iterator for the @ref basic_json class
+This class implements a both iterators (iterator and const_iterator) for the
+@ref basic_json class.
+@note An iterator is called *initialized* when a pointer to a JSON value has
+      been set (e.g., by a constructor or a copy assignment). If the iterator is
+      default-constructed, it is *uninitialized* and most methods are undefined.
+      **The library uses assertions to detect calls on uninitialized iterators.**
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+-
+[BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
+  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
+  incremented and decremented).
+@since version 1.0.0, simplified in version 2.0.9, change to bidirectional
+       iterators in version 3.0.0 (see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/593)
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class iter_impl
+{
+    /// the iterator with BasicJsonType of different const-ness
+    using other_iter_impl = iter_impl<typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value, typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type, const BasicJsonType>::type>;
+    /// allow basic_json to access private members
+    friend other_iter_impl;
+    friend BasicJsonType;
+    friend iteration_proxy<iter_impl>;
+    friend iteration_proxy_value<iter_impl>;
+
+    using object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+    using array_t = typename BasicJsonType::array_t;
+    // make sure BasicJsonType is basic_json or const basic_json
+    static_assert(is_basic_json<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>::value,
+                  "iter_impl only accepts (const) basic_json");
+
+  public:
+
+    /// The std::iterator class template (used as a base class to provide typedefs) is deprecated in C++17.
+    /// The C++ Standard has never required user-defined iterators to derive from std::iterator.
+    /// A user-defined iterator should provide publicly accessible typedefs named
+    /// iterator_category, value_type, difference_type, pointer, and reference.
+    /// Note that value_type is required to be non-const, even for constant iterators.
+    using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+
+    /// the type of the values when the iterator is dereferenced
+    using value_type = typename BasicJsonType::value_type;
+    /// a type to represent differences between iterators
+    using difference_type = typename BasicJsonType::difference_type;
+    /// defines a pointer to the type iterated over (value_type)
+    using pointer = typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value,
+          typename BasicJsonType::const_pointer,
+          typename BasicJsonType::pointer>::type;
+    /// defines a reference to the type iterated over (value_type)
+    using reference =
+        typename std::conditional<std::is_const<BasicJsonType>::value,
+        typename BasicJsonType::const_reference,
+        typename BasicJsonType::reference>::type;
+
+    iter_impl() = default;
+    ~iter_impl() = default;
+    iter_impl(iter_impl&&) noexcept = default;
+    iter_impl& operator=(iter_impl&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief constructor for a given JSON instance
+    @param[in] object  pointer to a JSON object for this iterator
+    @pre object != nullptr
+    @post The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    explicit iter_impl(pointer object) noexcept : m_object(object)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = typename object_t::iterator();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = typename array_t::iterator();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator = primitive_iterator_t();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @note The conventional copy constructor and copy assignment are implicitly
+          defined. Combined with the following converting constructor and
+          assignment, they support: (1) copy from iterator to iterator, (2)
+          copy from const iterator to const iterator, and (3) conversion from
+          iterator to const iterator. However conversion from const iterator
+          to iterator is not defined.
+    */
+
+    /*!
+    @brief const copy constructor
+    @param[in] other const iterator to copy from
+    @note This copy constructor had to be defined explicitly to circumvent a bug
+          occurring on msvc v19.0 compiler (VS 2015) debug build. For more
+          information refer to: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1608
+    */
+    iter_impl(const iter_impl<const BasicJsonType>& other) noexcept
+        : m_object(other.m_object), m_it(other.m_it)
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting assignment
+    @param[in] other const iterator to copy from
+    @return const/non-const iterator
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator=(const iter_impl<const BasicJsonType>& other) noexcept
+    {
+        if (&other != this)
+        {
+            m_object = other.m_object;
+            m_it = other.m_it;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting constructor
+    @param[in] other  non-const iterator to copy from
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl(const iter_impl<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>& other) noexcept
+        : m_object(other.m_object), m_it(other.m_it)
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief converting assignment
+    @param[in] other  non-const iterator to copy from
+    @return const/non-const iterator
+    @note It is not checked whether @a other is initialized.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator=(const iter_impl<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type>& other) noexcept // NOLINT(cert-oop54-cpp)
+    {
+        m_object = other.m_object;
+        m_it = other.m_it;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief set the iterator to the first value
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    void set_begin() noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->begin();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->begin();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // set to end so begin()==end() is true: null is empty
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_begin();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief set the iterator past the last value
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    void set_end() noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_it.object_iterator = m_object->m_value.object->end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_it.array_iterator = m_object->m_value.array->end();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator.set_end();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief return a reference to the value pointed to by the iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference operator*() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.object_iterator != m_object->m_value.object->end());
+                return m_it.object_iterator->second;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.array_iterator != m_object->m_value.array->end());
+                return *m_it.array_iterator;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    return *m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dereference the iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    pointer operator->() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.object_iterator != m_object->m_value.object->end());
+                return &(m_it.object_iterator->second);
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(m_it.array_iterator != m_object->m_value.array->end());
+                return &*m_it.array_iterator;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    return m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief post-increment (it++)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl const operator++(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        ++(*this);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief pre-increment (++it)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator++()
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.object_iterator, 1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, 1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                ++m_it.primitive_iterator;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief post-decrement (it--)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl const operator--(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        --(*this);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief pre-decrement (--it)
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator--()
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.object_iterator, -1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, -1);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                --m_it.primitive_iterator;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    template < typename IterImpl, detail::enable_if_t < (std::is_same<IterImpl, iter_impl>::value || std::is_same<IterImpl, other_iter_impl>::value), std::nullptr_t > = nullptr >
+    bool operator==(const IterImpl& other) const
+    {
+        // if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_object != other.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(212, "cannot compare iterators of different containers", *m_object));
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return (m_it.object_iterator == other.m_it.object_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return (m_it.array_iterator == other.m_it.array_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return (m_it.primitive_iterator == other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    template < typename IterImpl, detail::enable_if_t < (std::is_same<IterImpl, iter_impl>::value || std::is_same<IterImpl, other_iter_impl>::value), std::nullptr_t > = nullptr >
+    bool operator!=(const IterImpl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator==(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: smaller
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator<(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        // if objects are not the same, the comparison is undefined
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_object != other.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(212, "cannot compare iterators of different containers", *m_object));
+        }
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(213, "cannot compare order of object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return (m_it.array_iterator < other.m_it.array_iterator);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return (m_it.primitive_iterator < other.m_it.primitive_iterator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator<=(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !other.operator < (*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator>(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator<=(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    bool operator>=(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        return !operator<(other);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add to iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator+=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(209, "cannot use offsets with object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                std::advance(m_it.array_iterator, i);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                m_it.primitive_iterator += i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief subtract from iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl& operator-=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        return operator+=(-i);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add to iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl operator+(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result += i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief addition of distance and iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    friend iter_impl operator+(difference_type i, const iter_impl& it)
+    {
+        auto result = it;
+        result += i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief subtract from iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    iter_impl operator-(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        auto result = *this;
+        result -= i;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return difference
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    difference_type operator-(const iter_impl& other) const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(209, "cannot use offsets with object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return m_it.array_iterator - other.m_it.array_iterator;
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                return m_it.primitive_iterator - other.m_it.primitive_iterator;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access to successor
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference operator[](difference_type n) const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        switch (m_object->m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(208, "cannot use operator[] for object iterators", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return *std::next(m_it.array_iterator, n);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_it.primitive_iterator.get_value() == -n))
+                {
+                    return *m_object;
+                }
+
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(214, "cannot get value", *m_object));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the key of an object iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    const typename object_t::key_type& key() const
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_object != nullptr);
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            return m_it.object_iterator->first;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(207, "cannot use key() for non-object iterators", *m_object));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the value of an iterator
+    @pre The iterator is initialized; i.e. `m_object != nullptr`.
+    */
+    reference value() const
+    {
+        return operator*();
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /// associated JSON instance
+    pointer m_object = nullptr;
+    /// the actual iterator of the associated instance
+    internal_iterator<typename std::remove_const<BasicJsonType>::type> m_it {};
+};
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp>
+
+
+#include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
+#include <iterator> // reverse_iterator
+#include <utility> // declval
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+//////////////////////
+// reverse_iterator //
+//////////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief a template for a reverse iterator class
+
+@tparam Base the base iterator type to reverse. Valid types are @ref
+iterator (to create @ref reverse_iterator) and @ref const_iterator (to
+create @ref const_reverse_iterator).
+
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+-
+[BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
+  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
+  incremented and decremented).
+- [OutputIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/OutputIterator):
+  It is possible to write to the pointed-to element (only if @a Base is
+  @ref iterator).
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+template<typename Base>
+class json_reverse_iterator : public std::reverse_iterator<Base>
+{
+  public:
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    /// shortcut to the reverse iterator adapter
+    using base_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<Base>;
+    /// the reference type for the pointed-to element
+    using reference = typename Base::reference;
+
+    /// create reverse iterator from iterator
+    explicit json_reverse_iterator(const typename base_iterator::iterator_type& it) noexcept
+        : base_iterator(it) {}
+
+    /// create reverse iterator from base class
+    explicit json_reverse_iterator(const base_iterator& it) noexcept : base_iterator(it) {}
+
+    /// post-increment (it++)
+    json_reverse_iterator const operator++(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator++(1));
+    }
+
+    /// pre-increment (++it)
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator++()
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator++());
+    }
+
+    /// post-decrement (it--)
+    json_reverse_iterator const operator--(int) // NOLINT(readability-const-return-type)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator--(1));
+    }
+
+    /// pre-decrement (--it)
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator--()
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator--());
+    }
+
+    /// add to iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator& operator+=(difference_type i)
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator&>(base_iterator::operator+=(i));
+    }
+
+    /// add to iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator operator+(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator+(i));
+    }
+
+    /// subtract from iterator
+    json_reverse_iterator operator-(difference_type i) const
+    {
+        return static_cast<json_reverse_iterator>(base_iterator::operator-(i));
+    }
+
+    /// return difference
+    difference_type operator-(const json_reverse_iterator& other) const
+    {
+        return base_iterator(*this) - base_iterator(other);
+    }
+
+    /// access to successor
+    reference operator[](difference_type n) const
+    {
+        return *(this->operator+(n));
+    }
+
+    /// return the key of an object iterator
+    auto key() const -> decltype(std::declval<Base>().key())
+    {
+        auto it = --this->base();
+        return it.key();
+    }
+
+    /// return the value of an iterator
+    reference value() const
+    {
+        auto it = --this->base();
+        return it.operator * ();
+    }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // all_of
+#include <cctype> // isdigit
+#include <limits> // max
+#include <numeric> // accumulate
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_pointer
+{
+    // allow basic_json to access private members
+    NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+    friend class basic_json;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create JSON pointer
+
+    Create a JSON pointer according to the syntax described in
+    [Section 3 of RFC6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901#section-3).
+
+    @param[in] s  string representing the JSON pointer; if omitted, the empty
+                  string is assumed which references the whole JSON value
+
+    @throw parse_error.107 if the given JSON pointer @a s is nonempty and does
+                           not begin with a slash (`/`); see example below
+
+    @throw parse_error.108 if a tilde (`~`) in the given JSON pointer @a s is
+    not followed by `0` (representing `~`) or `1` (representing `/`); see
+    example below
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the construction several valid JSON pointers
+    as well as the exceptional behavior.,json_pointer}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    explicit json_pointer(const std::string& s = "")
+        : reference_tokens(split(s))
+    {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+
+    @invariant For each JSON pointer `ptr`, it holds:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ptr == json_pointer(ptr.to_string());
+    @endcode
+
+    @return a string representation of the JSON pointer
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `to_string`.,json_pointer__to_string}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    std::string to_string() const
+    {
+        return std::accumulate(reference_tokens.begin(), reference_tokens.end(),
+                               std::string{},
+                               [](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
+        {
+            return a + "/" + detail::escape(b);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc to_string()
+    operator std::string() const
+    {
+        return to_string();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append another JSON pointer at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a ptr appended
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, const json_pointer&) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.insert(reference_tokens.end(),
+                                ptr.reference_tokens.begin(),
+                                ptr.reference_tokens.end());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an unescaped reference token at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] token  reference token to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a token appended without escaping @a token
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::size_t) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(std::string token)
+    {
+        push_back(std::move(token));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an array index at the end of this JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] array_idx  array index to append
+    @return JSON pointer with @a array_idx appended
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/=`.,json_pointer__operator_add}
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+    @sa see @ref operator/(const json_pointer&, std::string) for a binary operator
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer& operator/=(std::size_t array_idx)
+    {
+        return *this /= std::to_string(array_idx);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the right JSON pointer at the end of the left JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer
+    @return a new JSON pointer with @a rhs appended to @a lhs
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a lhs and @a rhs.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(const json_pointer&) to append a JSON pointer
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& lhs,
+                                  const json_pointer& rhs)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(lhs) /= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the unescaped token at the end of the JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] token  reference token
+    @return a new JSON pointer with unescaped @a token appended to @a ptr
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::string) to append a reference token
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::string token) // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(ptr) /= std::move(token);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the array-index-token at the end of the JSON pointer
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer
+    @param[in] array_idx  array index
+    @return a new JSON pointer with @a array_idx appended to @a ptr
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `operator/`.,json_pointer__operator_add_binary}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of @a ptr.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator/=(std::size_t) to append an array index
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    friend json_pointer operator/(const json_pointer& ptr, std::size_t array_idx)
+    {
+        return json_pointer(ptr) /= array_idx;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the parent of this JSON pointer
+
+    @return parent of this JSON pointer; in case this JSON pointer is the root,
+            the root itself is returned
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `parent_pointer` for different
+    JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__parent_pointer}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    json_pointer parent_pointer() const
+    {
+        if (empty())
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        json_pointer res = *this;
+        res.pop_back();
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove last reference token
+
+    @pre not `empty()`
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `pop_back`.,json_pointer__pop_back}
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    void pop_back()
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        reference_tokens.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return last reference token
+
+    @pre not `empty()`
+    @return last reference token
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the usage of `back`.,json_pointer__back}
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    const std::string& back() const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        return reference_tokens.back();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief append an unescaped token at the end of the reference pointer
+
+    @param[in] token  token to add
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `push_back` for different
+    JSON Pointers.,json_pointer__push_back}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    void push_back(const std::string& token)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.push_back(token);
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc push_back(const std::string&)
+    void push_back(std::string&& token)
+    {
+        reference_tokens.push_back(std::move(token));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether pointer points to the root document
+
+    @return true iff the JSON pointer points to the root document
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `empty` for different JSON
+    Pointers.,json_pointer__empty}
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return reference_tokens.empty();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] s  reference token to be converted into an array index
+
+    @return integer representation of @a s
+
+    @throw parse_error.106  if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109  if an array index begins not with a digit
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if string @a s could not be converted to an integer
+    @throw out_of_range.410 if an array index exceeds size_type
+    */
+    static typename BasicJsonType::size_type array_index(const std::string& s)
+    {
+        using size_type = typename BasicJsonType::size_type;
+
+        // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 && s[0] == '0'))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(106, 0, "array index '" + s + "' must not begin with '0'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // error condition (cf. RFC 6901, Sect. 4)
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(s.size() > 1 && !(s[0] >= '1' && s[0] <= '9')))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(109, 0, "array index '" + s + "' is not a number", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        std::size_t processed_chars = 0;
+        unsigned long long res = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+        JSON_TRY
+        {
+            res = std::stoull(s, &processed_chars);
+        }
+        JSON_CATCH(std::out_of_range&)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // check if the string was completely read
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(processed_chars != s.size()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + s + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // only triggered on special platforms (like 32bit), see also
+        // https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2203
+        if (res >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()))  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(410, "array index " + s + " exceeds size_type", BasicJsonType())); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+
+        return static_cast<size_type>(res);
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    json_pointer top() const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(empty()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(405, "JSON pointer has no parent", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        json_pointer result = *this;
+        result.reference_tokens = {reference_tokens[0]};
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief create and return a reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the number of reference tokens.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number
+    @throw type_error.313 if value cannot be unflattened
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_and_create(BasicJsonType& j) const
+    {
+        auto* result = &j;
+
+        // in case no reference tokens exist, return a reference to the JSON value
+        // j which will be overwritten by a primitive value
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (result->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                {
+                    if (reference_token == "0")
+                    {
+                        // start a new array if reference token is 0
+                        result = &result->operator[](0);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // start a new object otherwise
+                        result = &result->operator[](reference_token);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // create an entry in the object
+                    result = &result->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    // create an entry in the array
+                    result = &result->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                The following code is only reached if there exists a reference
+                token _and_ the current value is primitive. In this case, we have
+                an error situation, because primitive values may only occur as
+                single value; that is, with an empty list of reference tokens.
+                */
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(313, "invalid value to unflatten", j));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @note This version does not throw if a value is not present, but tries to
+          create nested values instead. For instance, calling this function
+          with pointer `"/this/that"` on a null value is equivalent to calling
+          `operator[]("this").operator[]("that")` on that value, effectively
+          changing the null value to an object.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON value
+
+    @return reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON pointer
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            // convert null values to arrays or objects before continuing
+            if (ptr->is_null())
+            {
+                // check if reference token is a number
+                const bool nums =
+                    std::all_of(reference_token.begin(), reference_token.end(),
+                                [](const unsigned char x)
+                {
+                    return std::isdigit(x);
+                });
+
+                // change value to array for numbers or "-" or to object otherwise
+                *ptr = (nums || reference_token == "-")
+                       ? detail::value_t::array
+                       : detail::value_t::object;
+            }
+
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use unchecked object access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (reference_token == "-")
+                    {
+                        // explicitly treat "-" as index beyond the end
+                        ptr = &ptr->operator[](ptr->m_value.array->size());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // convert array index to number; unchecked access
+                        ptr = &ptr->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    BasicJsonType& get_checked(BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402,
+                                                                "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                                ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return a const reference to the pointed to value
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON value
+
+    @return const reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON
+    pointer
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    const BasicJsonType& get_unchecked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use unchecked object access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" cannot be used for const access
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402, "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) + ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // use unchecked array access
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+    */
+    const BasicJsonType& get_checked(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(402,
+                                                                "array index '-' (" + std::to_string(ptr->m_value.array->size()) +
+                                                                ") is out of range", *ptr));
+                    }
+
+                    // note: at performs range check
+                    ptr = &ptr->at(array_index(reference_token));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, "unresolved reference token '" + reference_token + "'", *ptr));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *ptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    */
+    bool contains(const BasicJsonType* ptr) const
+    {
+        for (const auto& reference_token : reference_tokens)
+        {
+            switch (ptr->type())
+            {
+                case detail::value_t::object:
+                {
+                    if (!ptr->contains(reference_token))
+                    {
+                        // we did not find the key in the object
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](reference_token);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token == "-"))
+                    {
+                        // "-" always fails the range check
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() == 1 && !("0" <= reference_token && reference_token <= "9")))
+                    {
+                        // invalid char
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() > 1))
+                    {
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!('1' <= reference_token[0] && reference_token[0] <= '9')))
+                        {
+                            // first char should be between '1' and '9'
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < reference_token.size(); i++)
+                        {
+                            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!('0' <= reference_token[i] && reference_token[i] <= '9')))
+                            {
+                                // other char should be between '0' and '9'
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    const auto idx = array_index(reference_token);
+                    if (idx >= ptr->size())
+                    {
+                        // index out of range
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    ptr = &ptr->operator[](idx);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case detail::value_t::null:
+                case detail::value_t::string:
+                case detail::value_t::boolean:
+                case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+                case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case detail::value_t::number_float:
+                case detail::value_t::binary:
+                case detail::value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    // we do not expect primitive values if there is still a
+                    // reference token to process
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // no reference token left means we found a primitive value
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief split the string input to reference tokens
+
+    @note This function is only called by the json_pointer constructor.
+          All exceptions below are documented there.
+
+    @throw parse_error.107  if the pointer is not empty or begins with '/'
+    @throw parse_error.108  if character '~' is not followed by '0' or '1'
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string& reference_string)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::string> result;
+
+        // special case: empty reference string -> no reference tokens
+        if (reference_string.empty())
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // check if nonempty reference string begins with slash
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_string[0] != '/'))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(107, 1, "JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: '" + reference_string + "'", BasicJsonType()));
+        }
+
+        // extract the reference tokens:
+        // - slash: position of the last read slash (or end of string)
+        // - start: position after the previous slash
+        for (
+            // search for the first slash after the first character
+            std::size_t slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', 1),
+            // set the beginning of the first reference token
+            start = 1;
+            // we can stop if start == 0 (if slash == std::string::npos)
+            start != 0;
+            // set the beginning of the next reference token
+            // (will eventually be 0 if slash == std::string::npos)
+            start = (slash == std::string::npos) ? 0 : slash + 1,
+            // find next slash
+            slash = reference_string.find_first_of('/', start))
+        {
+            // use the text between the beginning of the reference token
+            // (start) and the last slash (slash).
+            auto reference_token = reference_string.substr(start, slash - start);
+
+            // check reference tokens are properly escaped
+            for (std::size_t pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~');
+                    pos != std::string::npos;
+                    pos = reference_token.find_first_of('~', pos + 1))
+            {
+                JSON_ASSERT(reference_token[pos] == '~');
+
+                // ~ must be followed by 0 or 1
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos == reference_token.size() - 1 ||
+                                         (reference_token[pos + 1] != '0' &&
+                                          reference_token[pos + 1] != '1')))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(detail::parse_error::create(108, 0, "escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'", BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // finally, store the reference token
+            detail::unescape(reference_token);
+            result.push_back(reference_token);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] reference_string  the reference string to the current value
+    @param[in] value             the value to consider
+    @param[in,out] result        the result object to insert values to
+
+    @note Empty objects or arrays are flattened to `null`.
+    */
+    static void flatten(const std::string& reference_string,
+                        const BasicJsonType& value,
+                        BasicJsonType& result)
+    {
+        switch (value.type())
+        {
+            case detail::value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (value.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    // flatten empty array as null
+                    result[reference_string] = nullptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // iterate array and use index as reference string
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < value.m_value.array->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        flatten(reference_string + "/" + std::to_string(i),
+                                value.m_value.array->operator[](i), result);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case detail::value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (value.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    // flatten empty object as null
+                    result[reference_string] = nullptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // iterate object and use keys as reference string
+                    for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object)
+                    {
+                        flatten(reference_string + "/" + detail::escape(element.first), element.second, result);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case detail::value_t::null:
+            case detail::value_t::string:
+            case detail::value_t::boolean:
+            case detail::value_t::number_integer:
+            case detail::value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case detail::value_t::number_float:
+            case detail::value_t::binary:
+            case detail::value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // add primitive value with its reference string
+                result[reference_string] = value;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] value  flattened JSON
+
+    @return unflattened JSON
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number
+    @throw type_error.314  if value is not an object
+    @throw type_error.315  if object values are not primitive
+    @throw type_error.313  if value cannot be unflattened
+    */
+    static BasicJsonType
+    unflatten(const BasicJsonType& value)
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!value.is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(314, "only objects can be unflattened", value));
+        }
+
+        BasicJsonType result;
+
+        // iterate the JSON object values
+        for (const auto& element : *value.m_value.object)
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!element.second.is_primitive()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(detail::type_error::create(315, "values in object must be primitive", element.second));
+            }
+
+            // assign value to reference pointed to by JSON pointer; Note that if
+            // the JSON pointer is "" (i.e., points to the whole value), function
+            // get_and_create returns a reference to result itself. An assignment
+            // will then create a primitive value.
+            json_pointer(element.first).get_and_create(result) = element.second;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief compares two JSON pointers for equality
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @return whether @a lhs is equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+    */
+    friend bool operator==(json_pointer const& lhs,
+                           json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs.reference_tokens == rhs.reference_tokens;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief compares two JSON pointers for inequality
+
+    @param[in] lhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @param[in] rhs  JSON pointer to compare
+    @return whether @a lhs is not equal @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+    */
+    friend bool operator!=(json_pointer const& lhs,
+                           json_pointer const& rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs == rhs);
+    }
+
+    /// the reference tokens
+    std::vector<std::string> reference_tokens;
+};
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp>
+
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class json_ref
+{
+  public:
+    using value_type = BasicJsonType;
+
+    json_ref(value_type&& value)
+        : owned_value(std::move(value))
+    {}
+
+    json_ref(const value_type& value)
+        : value_ref(&value)
+    {}
+
+    json_ref(std::initializer_list<json_ref> init)
+        : owned_value(init)
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class... Args,
+        enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<value_type, Args...>::value, int> = 0 >
+    json_ref(Args && ... args)
+        : owned_value(std::forward<Args>(args)...)
+    {}
+
+    // class should be movable only
+    json_ref(json_ref&&) noexcept = default;
+    json_ref(const json_ref&) = delete;
+    json_ref& operator=(const json_ref&) = delete;
+    json_ref& operator=(json_ref&&) = delete;
+    ~json_ref() = default;
+
+    value_type moved_or_copied() const
+    {
+        if (value_ref == nullptr)
+        {
+            return std::move(owned_value);
+        }
+        return *value_ref;
+    }
+
+    value_type const& operator*() const
+    {
+        return value_ref ? *value_ref : owned_value;
+    }
+
+    value_type const* operator->() const
+    {
+        return &** this;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    mutable value_type owned_value = nullptr;
+    value_type const* value_ref = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // reverse
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath> // isnan, isinf
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // string
+#include <utility> // move
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // copy
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <iterator> // back_inserter
+#include <memory> // shared_ptr, make_shared
+#include <string> // basic_string
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <ios>      // streamsize
+    #include <ostream>  // basic_ostream
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+/// abstract output adapter interface
+template<typename CharType> struct output_adapter_protocol
+{
+    virtual void write_character(CharType c) = 0;
+    virtual void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) = 0;
+    virtual ~output_adapter_protocol() = default;
+
+    output_adapter_protocol() = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol(const output_adapter_protocol&) = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol(output_adapter_protocol&&) noexcept = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol& operator=(const output_adapter_protocol&) = default;
+    output_adapter_protocol& operator=(output_adapter_protocol&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+/// a type to simplify interfaces
+template<typename CharType>
+using output_adapter_t = std::shared_ptr<output_adapter_protocol<CharType>>;
+
+/// output adapter for byte vectors
+template<typename CharType>
+class output_vector_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_vector_adapter(std::vector<CharType>& vec) noexcept
+        : v(vec)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        v.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        std::copy(s, s + length, std::back_inserter(v));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<CharType>& v;
+};
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+/// output adapter for output streams
+template<typename CharType>
+class output_stream_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_stream_adapter(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& s) noexcept
+        : stream(s)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        stream.put(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        stream.write(s, static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::basic_ostream<CharType>& stream;
+};
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+/// output adapter for basic_string
+template<typename CharType, typename StringType = std::basic_string<CharType>>
+class output_string_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit output_string_adapter(StringType& s) noexcept
+        : str(s)
+    {}
+
+    void write_character(CharType c) override
+    {
+        str.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
+    {
+        str.append(s, length);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    StringType& str;
+};
+
+template<typename CharType, typename StringType = std::basic_string<CharType>>
+class output_adapter
+{
+  public:
+    output_adapter(std::vector<CharType>& vec)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_vector_adapter<CharType>>(vec)) {}
+
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    output_adapter(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& s)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_stream_adapter<CharType>>(s)) {}
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+
+    output_adapter(StringType& s)
+        : oa(std::make_shared<output_string_adapter<CharType, StringType>>(s)) {}
+
+    operator output_adapter_t<CharType>()
+    {
+        return oa;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    output_adapter_t<CharType> oa = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////
+// binary writer //
+///////////////////
+
+/*!
+@brief serialization to CBOR and MessagePack values
+*/
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CharType>
+class binary_writer
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a binary writer
+
+    @param[in] adapter  output adapter to write to
+    */
+    explicit binary_writer(output_adapter_t<CharType> adapter) : oa(std::move(adapter))
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(oa);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       j.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    void write_bson(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                write_bson_object(*j.m_value.object);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::array:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(317, "to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is " + std::string(j.type_name()), j));;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    */
+    void write_cbor(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xF6));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                    ? to_char_type(0xF5)
+                                    : to_char_type(0xF4));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_integer >= 0)
+                {
+                    // CBOR does not differentiate between positive signed
+                    // integers and unsigned integers. Therefore, we used the
+                    // code from the value_t::number_unsigned case here.
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer <= 0x17)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x18));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x19));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1A));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1B));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // The conversions below encode the sign in the first
+                    // byte, and the value is converted to a positive number.
+                    const auto positive_number = -1 - j.m_value.number_integer;
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer >= -24)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x20 + positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x38));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x39));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else if (positive_number <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x3A));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x3B));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(positive_number));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x18));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x19));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x1B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                if (std::isnan(j.m_value.number_float))
+                {
+                    // NaN is 0xf97e00 in CBOR
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xF9));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7E));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+                }
+                else if (std::isinf(j.m_value.number_float))
+                {
+                    // Infinity is 0xf97c00, -Infinity is 0xf9fc00
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xf9));
+                    oa->write_character(j.m_value.number_float > 0 ? to_char_type(0x7C) : to_char_type(0xFC));
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    write_compact_float(j.m_value.number_float, detail::input_format_t::cbor);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x60 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x78));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x79));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x7B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write the string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x80 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x98));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x99));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x9A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x9B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_cbor(el);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                {
+                    if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xd8));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xd9));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xda));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.binary->subtype() <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xdb));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // step 1: write control byte and the binary array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.binary->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x40 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x58));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x59));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x5A));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x5B));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                    N);
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the object size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
+                if (N <= 0x17)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xA0 + N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xB8));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xB9));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xBA));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_START
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xBB));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(N));
+                }
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_cbor(el.first);
+                    write_cbor(el.second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    */
+    void write_msgpack(const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null: // nil
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xC0));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean: // true and false
+            {
+                oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                    ? to_char_type(0xC3)
+                                    : to_char_type(0xC2));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_integer >= 0)
+                {
+                    // MessagePack does not differentiate between positive
+                    // signed integers and unsigned integers. Therefore, we used
+                    // the code from the value_t::number_unsigned case here.
+                    if (j.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
+                    {
+                        // positive fixnum
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 8
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 16
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 32
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // uint 64
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCF));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (j.m_value.number_integer >= -32)
+                    {
+                        // negative fixnum
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 8
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD0));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 16
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD1));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 32
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD2));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                    else if (j.m_value.number_integer >= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() &&
+                             j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+                    {
+                        // int 64
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD3));
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
+                {
+                    // positive fixnum
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 8
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // uint 64
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xCF));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_value.number_integer));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                write_compact_float(j.m_value.number_float, detail::input_format_t::msgpack);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.string->size();
+                if (N <= 31)
+                {
+                    // fixstr
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xA0 | N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 8
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xD9));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDA));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // str 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDB));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write the string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the array size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.array->size();
+                if (N <= 15)
+                {
+                    // fixarray
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x90 | N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // array 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDC));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // array 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDD));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_msgpack(el);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                // step 0: determine if the binary type has a set subtype to
+                // determine whether or not to use the ext or fixext types
+                const bool use_ext = j.m_value.binary->has_subtype();
+
+                // step 1: write control byte and the byte string length
+                const auto N = j.m_value.binary->size();
+                if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type{};
+                    bool fixed = true;
+                    if (use_ext)
+                    {
+                        switch (N)
+                        {
+                            case 1:
+                                output_type = 0xD4; // fixext 1
+                                break;
+                            case 2:
+                                output_type = 0xD5; // fixext 2
+                                break;
+                            case 4:
+                                output_type = 0xD6; // fixext 4
+                                break;
+                            case 8:
+                                output_type = 0xD7; // fixext 8
+                                break;
+                            case 16:
+                                output_type = 0xD8; // fixext 16
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                output_type = 0xC7; // ext 8
+                                fixed = false;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        output_type = 0xC4; // bin 8
+                        fixed = false;
+                    }
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    if (!fixed)
+                    {
+                        write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type = use_ext
+                                               ? 0xC8 // ext 16
+                                               : 0xC5; // bin 16
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    std::uint8_t output_type = use_ext
+                                               ? 0xC9 // ext 32
+                                               : 0xC6; // bin 32
+
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(output_type));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 1.5: if this is an ext type, write the subtype
+                if (use_ext)
+                {
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(j.m_value.binary->subtype()));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write the byte string
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                    N);
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // step 1: write control byte and the object size
+                const auto N = j.m_value.object->size();
+                if (N <= 15)
+                {
+                    // fixmap
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x80 | (N & 0xF)));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // map 16
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDE));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(N));
+                }
+                else if (N <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    // map 32
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(0xDF));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(N));
+                }
+
+                // step 2: write each element
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_msgpack(el.first);
+                    write_msgpack(el.second);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @param[in] use_count   whether to use '#' prefixes (optimized format)
+    @param[in] use_type    whether to use '$' prefixes (optimized format)
+    @param[in] add_prefix  whether prefixes need to be used for this value
+    */
+    void write_ubjson(const BasicJsonType& j, const bool use_count,
+                      const bool use_type, const bool add_prefix = true)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('Z'));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(j.m_value.boolean
+                                        ? to_char_type('T')
+                                        : to_char_type('F'));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_integer, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_unsigned, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.number_float, add_prefix);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('S'));
+                }
+                write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.string->size(), true);
+                oa->write_characters(
+                    reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.string->c_str()),
+                    j.m_value.string->size());
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('['));
+                }
+
+                bool prefix_required = true;
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    const CharType first_prefix = ubjson_prefix(j.front());
+                    const bool same_prefix = std::all_of(j.begin() + 1, j.end(),
+                                                         [this, first_prefix](const BasicJsonType & v)
+                    {
+                        return ubjson_prefix(v) == first_prefix;
+                    });
+
+                    if (same_prefix)
+                    {
+                        prefix_required = false;
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                        oa->write_character(first_prefix);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.array->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.array)
+                {
+                    write_ubjson(el, use_count, use_type, prefix_required);
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(']'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('['));
+                }
+
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.binary->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                    oa->write_character('U');
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.binary->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                if (use_type)
+                {
+                    oa->write_characters(
+                        reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(j.m_value.binary->data()),
+                        j.m_value.binary->size());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < j.m_value.binary->size(); ++i)
+                    {
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));
+                        oa->write_character(j.m_value.binary->data()[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type(']'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (add_prefix)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('{'));
+                }
+
+                bool prefix_required = true;
+                if (use_type && !j.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    JSON_ASSERT(use_count);
+                    const CharType first_prefix = ubjson_prefix(j.front());
+                    const bool same_prefix = std::all_of(j.begin(), j.end(),
+                                                         [this, first_prefix](const BasicJsonType & v)
+                    {
+                        return ubjson_prefix(v) == first_prefix;
+                    });
+
+                    if (same_prefix)
+                    {
+                        prefix_required = false;
+                        oa->write_character(to_char_type('$'));
+                        oa->write_character(first_prefix);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('#'));
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(j.m_value.object->size(), true);
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& el : *j.m_value.object)
+                {
+                    write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(el.first.size(), true);
+                    oa->write_characters(
+                        reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(el.first.c_str()),
+                        el.first.size());
+                    write_ubjson(el.second, use_count, use_type, prefix_required);
+                }
+
+                if (!use_count)
+                {
+                    oa->write_character(to_char_type('}'));
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    //////////
+    // BSON //
+    //////////
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of a BSON document entry header, including the id marker
+            and the entry name size (and its null-terminator).
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_entry_header_size(const string_t& name, const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        const auto it = name.find(static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(0));
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(it != BasicJsonType::string_t::npos))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(409, "BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte " + std::to_string(it) + ")", j));
+            static_cast<void>(j);
+        }
+
+        return /*id*/ 1ul + name.size() + /*zero-terminator*/1u;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes the given @a element_type and @a name to the output adapter
+    */
+    void write_bson_entry_header(const string_t& name,
+                                 const std::uint8_t element_type)
+    {
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(element_type)); // boolean
+        oa->write_characters(
+            reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(name.c_str()),
+            name.size() + 1u);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and boolean value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_boolean(const string_t& name,
+                            const bool value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x08);
+        oa->write_character(value ? to_char_type(0x01) : to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and double value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_double(const string_t& name,
+                           const double value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x01);
+        write_number<double, true>(value);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded string in @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_string_size(const string_t& value)
+    {
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + value.size() + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and string value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_string(const string_t& name,
+                           const string_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x02);
+
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value.size() + 1ul));
+        oa->write_characters(
+            reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(value.c_str()),
+            value.size() + 1);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and null value
+    */
+    void write_bson_null(const string_t& name)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x0A);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded integer @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_integer_size(const std::int64_t value)
+    {
+        return (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= value && value <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()
+               ? sizeof(std::int32_t)
+               : sizeof(std::int64_t);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and integer @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_integer(const string_t& name,
+                            const std::int64_t value)
+    {
+        if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= value && value <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x10); // int32
+            write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x12); // int64
+            write_number<std::int64_t, true>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded unsigned integer in @a j
+    */
+    static constexpr std::size_t calc_bson_unsigned_size(const std::uint64_t value) noexcept
+    {
+        return (value <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+               ? sizeof(std::int32_t)
+               : sizeof(std::int64_t);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and unsigned @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_unsigned(const string_t& name,
+                             const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x10 /* int32 */);
+            write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+        }
+        else if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x12 /* int64 */);
+            write_number<std::int64_t, true>(static_cast<std::int64_t>(j.m_value.number_unsigned));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(407, "integer number " + std::to_string(j.m_value.number_unsigned) + " cannot be represented by BSON as it does not fit int64", j));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and object @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_object_entry(const string_t& name,
+                                 const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x03); // object
+        write_bson_object(value);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded array @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_array_size(const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& value)
+    {
+        std::size_t array_index = 0ul;
+
+        const std::size_t embedded_document_size = std::accumulate(std::begin(value), std::end(value), std::size_t(0), [&array_index](std::size_t result, const typename BasicJsonType::array_t::value_type & el)
+        {
+            return result + calc_bson_element_size(std::to_string(array_index++), el);
+        });
+
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + embedded_document_size + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded binary array @a value
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_binary_size(const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& value)
+    {
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + value.size() + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and array @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_array(const string_t& name,
+                          const typename BasicJsonType::array_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x04); // array
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(calc_bson_array_size(value)));
+
+        std::size_t array_index = 0ul;
+
+        for (const auto& el : value)
+        {
+            write_bson_element(std::to_string(array_index++), el);
+        }
+
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and binary value @a value
+    */
+    void write_bson_binary(const string_t& name,
+                           const binary_t& value)
+    {
+        write_bson_entry_header(name, 0x05);
+
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(value.size()));
+        write_number(value.has_subtype() ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value.subtype()) : std::uint8_t(0x00));
+
+        oa->write_characters(reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(value.data()), value.size());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Calculates the size necessary to serialize the JSON value @a j with its @a name
+    @return The calculated size for the BSON document entry for @a j with the given @a name.
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_element_size(const string_t& name,
+            const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        const auto header_size = calc_bson_entry_header_size(name, j);
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_object_size(*j.m_value.object);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_array_size(*j.m_value.array);
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_binary_size(*j.m_value.binary);
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return header_size + 1ul;
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return header_size + 8ul;
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_integer_size(j.m_value.number_integer);
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_unsigned_size(j.m_value.number_unsigned);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return header_size + calc_bson_string_size(*j.m_value.string);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                return header_size + 0ul;
+
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert)
+                return 0ul;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the JSON value @a j to BSON and associates it with the
+           key @a name.
+    @param name The name to associate with the JSON entity @a j within the
+                current BSON document
+    */
+    void write_bson_element(const string_t& name,
+                            const BasicJsonType& j)
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+                return write_bson_object_entry(name, *j.m_value.object);
+
+            case value_t::array:
+                return write_bson_array(name, *j.m_value.array);
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return write_bson_binary(name, *j.m_value.binary);
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return write_bson_boolean(name, j.m_value.boolean);
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return write_bson_double(name, j.m_value.number_float);
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                return write_bson_integer(name, j.m_value.number_integer);
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                return write_bson_unsigned(name, j);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return write_bson_string(name, *j.m_value.string);
+
+            case value_t::null:
+                return write_bson_null(name);
+
+            // LCOV_EXCL_START
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert)
+                return;
+                // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Calculates the size of the BSON serialization of the given
+           JSON-object @a j.
+    @param[in] value  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       value.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_object_size(const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        std::size_t document_size = std::accumulate(value.begin(), value.end(), std::size_t(0),
+                                    [](size_t result, const typename BasicJsonType::object_t::value_type & el)
+        {
+            return result += calc_bson_element_size(el.first, el.second);
+        });
+
+        return sizeof(std::int32_t) + document_size + 1ul;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @param[in] value  JSON value to serialize
+    @pre       value.type() == value_t::object
+    */
+    void write_bson_object(const typename BasicJsonType::object_t& value)
+    {
+        write_number<std::int32_t, true>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(calc_bson_object_size(value)));
+
+        for (const auto& el : value)
+        {
+            write_bson_element(el.first, el.second);
+        }
+
+        oa->write_character(to_char_type(0x00));
+    }
+
+    //////////
+    // CBOR //
+    //////////
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_cbor_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xFA);  // Single-Precision Float
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_cbor_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xFB);  // Double-Precision Float
+    }
+
+    /////////////
+    // MsgPack //
+    /////////////
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_msgpack_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xCA);  // float 32
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_msgpack_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return to_char_type(0xCB);  // float 64
+    }
+
+    ////////////
+    // UBJSON //
+    ////////////
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (floating point)
+    template<typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_floating_point<NumberType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if (add_prefix)
+        {
+            oa->write_character(get_ubjson_float_prefix(n));
+        }
+        write_number(n);
+    }
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (unsigned integer)
+    template<typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_unsigned<NumberType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('i'));  // int8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));  // uint8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('I'));  // int16
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('l'));  // int32
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (n <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('L'));  // int64
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(n));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('H'));  // high-precision number
+            }
+
+            const auto number = BasicJsonType(n).dump();
+            write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(number.size(), true);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < number.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(number[i])));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // UBJSON: write number (signed integer)
+    template < typename NumberType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_signed<NumberType>::value&&
+                   !std::is_floating_point<NumberType>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    void write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(const NumberType n,
+                                         const bool add_prefix)
+    {
+        if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('i'));  // int8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if (static_cast<std::int64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::min)()) <= n && n <= static_cast<std::int64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('U'));  // uint8
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('I'));  // int16
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int16_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('l'));  // int32
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int32_t>(n));
+        }
+        else if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() <= n && n <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('L'));  // int64
+            }
+            write_number(static_cast<std::int64_t>(n));
+        }
+        // LCOV_EXCL_START
+        else
+        {
+            if (add_prefix)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type('H'));  // high-precision number
+            }
+
+            const auto number = BasicJsonType(n).dump();
+            write_number_with_ubjson_prefix(number.size(), true);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < number.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                oa->write_character(to_char_type(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(number[i])));
+            }
+        }
+        // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief determine the type prefix of container values
+    */
+    CharType ubjson_prefix(const BasicJsonType& j) const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (j.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+                return 'Z';
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                return j.m_value.boolean ? 'T' : 'F';
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'i';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'U';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'I';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'l';
+                }
+                if ((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)() <= j.m_value.number_integer && j.m_value.number_integer <= (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)())
+                {
+                    return 'L';
+                }
+                // anything else is treated as high-precision number
+                return 'H'; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int8_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'i';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'U';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int16_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'I';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int32_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'l';
+                }
+                if (j.m_value.number_unsigned <= static_cast<std::uint64_t>((std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::max)()))
+                {
+                    return 'L';
+                }
+                // anything else is treated as high-precision number
+                return 'H'; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return get_ubjson_float_prefix(j.m_value.number_float);
+
+            case value_t::string:
+                return 'S';
+
+            case value_t::array: // fallthrough
+            case value_t::binary:
+                return '[';
+
+            case value_t::object:
+                return '{';
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:  // discarded values
+                return 'N';
+        }
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_ubjson_float_prefix(float /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return 'd';  // float 32
+    }
+
+    static constexpr CharType get_ubjson_float_prefix(double /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return 'D';  // float 64
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////////
+    // Utility functions //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /*
+    @brief write a number to output input
+    @param[in] n number of type @a NumberType
+    @tparam NumberType the type of the number
+    @tparam OutputIsLittleEndian Set to true if output data is
+                                 required to be little endian
+
+    @note This function needs to respect the system's endianess, because bytes
+          in CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON are stored in network order (big
+          endian) and therefore need reordering on little endian systems.
+    */
+    template<typename NumberType, bool OutputIsLittleEndian = false>
+    void write_number(const NumberType n)
+    {
+        // step 1: write number to array of length NumberType
+        std::array<CharType, sizeof(NumberType)> vec{};
+        std::memcpy(vec.data(), &n, sizeof(NumberType));
+
+        // step 2: write array to output (with possible reordering)
+        if (is_little_endian != OutputIsLittleEndian)
+        {
+            // reverse byte order prior to conversion if necessary
+            std::reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
+        }
+
+        oa->write_characters(vec.data(), sizeof(NumberType));
+    }
+
+    void write_compact_float(const number_float_t n, detail::input_format_t format)
+    {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        if (static_cast<double>(n) >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest()) &&
+                static_cast<double>(n) <= static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()) &&
+                static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(n)) == static_cast<double>(n))
+        {
+            oa->write_character(format == detail::input_format_t::cbor
+                                ? get_cbor_float_prefix(static_cast<float>(n))
+                                : get_msgpack_float_prefix(static_cast<float>(n)));
+            write_number(static_cast<float>(n));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            oa->write_character(format == detail::input_format_t::cbor
+                                ? get_cbor_float_prefix(n)
+                                : get_msgpack_float_prefix(n));
+            write_number(n);
+        }
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+  public:
+    // The following to_char_type functions are implement the conversion
+    // between uint8_t and CharType. In case CharType is not unsigned,
+    // such a conversion is required to allow values greater than 128.
+    // See <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1286> for a discussion.
+    template < typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t < std::is_signed<C>::value && std::is_signed<char>::value > * = nullptr >
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        return *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+    }
+
+    template < typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t < std::is_signed<C>::value && std::is_unsigned<char>::value > * = nullptr >
+    static CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        static_assert(sizeof(std::uint8_t) == sizeof(CharType), "size of CharType must be equal to std::uint8_t");
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial<CharType>::value, "CharType must be trivial");
+        CharType result;
+        std::memcpy(&result, &x, sizeof(x));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    template<typename C = CharType,
+             enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<C>::value>* = nullptr>
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(std::uint8_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    template < typename InputCharType, typename C = CharType,
+               enable_if_t <
+                   std::is_signed<C>::value &&
+                   std::is_signed<char>::value &&
+                   std::is_same<char, typename std::remove_cv<InputCharType>::type>::value
+                   > * = nullptr >
+    static constexpr CharType to_char_type(InputCharType x) noexcept
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// whether we can assume little endianess
+    const bool is_little_endian = little_endianess();
+
+    /// the output
+    output_adapter_t<CharType> oa = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp>
+
+
+#include <algorithm> // reverse, remove, fill, find, none_of
+#include <array> // array
+#include <clocale> // localeconv, lconv
+#include <cmath> // labs, isfinite, isnan, signbit
+#include <cstddef> // size_t, ptrdiff_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <string> // string, char_traits
+#include <type_traits> // is_same
+#include <utility> // move
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp>
+
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cmath>   // signbit, isfinite
+#include <cstdint> // intN_t, uintN_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy, memmove
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
+#include <type_traits> // conditional
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief implements the Grisu2 algorithm for binary to decimal floating-point
+conversion.
+
+This implementation is a slightly modified version of the reference
+implementation which may be obtained from
+http://florian.loitsch.com/publications (bench.tar.gz).
+
+The code is distributed under the MIT license, Copyright (c) 2009 Florian Loitsch.
+
+For a detailed description of the algorithm see:
+
+[1] Loitsch, "Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately with
+    Integers", Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2010 Conference on Programming
+    Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 2010
+[2] Burger, Dybvig, "Printing Floating-Point Numbers Quickly and Accurately",
+    Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 Conference on Programming Language
+    Design and Implementation, PLDI 1996
+*/
+namespace dtoa_impl
+{
+
+template<typename Target, typename Source>
+Target reinterpret_bits(const Source source)
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(Target) == sizeof(Source), "size mismatch");
+
+    Target target;
+    std::memcpy(&target, &source, sizeof(Source));
+    return target;
+}
+
+struct diyfp // f * 2^e
+{
+    static constexpr int kPrecision = 64; // = q
+
+    std::uint64_t f = 0;
+    int e = 0;
+
+    constexpr diyfp(std::uint64_t f_, int e_) noexcept : f(f_), e(e_) {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns x - y
+    @pre x.e == y.e and x.f >= y.f
+    */
+    static diyfp sub(const diyfp& x, const diyfp& y) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.e == y.e);
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.f >= y.f);
+
+        return {x.f - y.f, x.e};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns x * y
+    @note The result is rounded. (Only the upper q bits are returned.)
+    */
+    static diyfp mul(const diyfp& x, const diyfp& y) noexcept
+    {
+        static_assert(kPrecision == 64, "internal error");
+
+        // Computes:
+        //  f = round((x.f * y.f) / 2^q)
+        //  e = x.e + y.e + q
+
+        // Emulate the 64-bit * 64-bit multiplication:
+        //
+        // p = u * v
+        //   = (u_lo + 2^32 u_hi) (v_lo + 2^32 v_hi)
+        //   = (u_lo v_lo         ) + 2^32 ((u_lo v_hi         ) + (u_hi v_lo         )) + 2^64 (u_hi v_hi         )
+        //   = (p0                ) + 2^32 ((p1                ) + (p2                )) + 2^64 (p3                )
+        //   = (p0_lo + 2^32 p0_hi) + 2^32 ((p1_lo + 2^32 p1_hi) + (p2_lo + 2^32 p2_hi)) + 2^64 (p3                )
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (p0_hi + p1_lo + p2_lo                      ) + 2^64 (p1_hi + p2_hi + p3)
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (Q                                          ) + 2^64 (H                 )
+        //   = (p0_lo             ) + 2^32 (Q_lo + 2^32 Q_hi                           ) + 2^64 (H                 )
+        //
+        // (Since Q might be larger than 2^32 - 1)
+        //
+        //   = (p0_lo + 2^32 Q_lo) + 2^64 (Q_hi + H)
+        //
+        // (Q_hi + H does not overflow a 64-bit int)
+        //
+        //   = p_lo + 2^64 p_hi
+
+        const std::uint64_t u_lo = x.f & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t u_hi = x.f >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t v_lo = y.f & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t v_hi = y.f >> 32u;
+
+        const std::uint64_t p0 = u_lo * v_lo;
+        const std::uint64_t p1 = u_lo * v_hi;
+        const std::uint64_t p2 = u_hi * v_lo;
+        const std::uint64_t p3 = u_hi * v_hi;
+
+        const std::uint64_t p0_hi = p0 >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t p1_lo = p1 & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t p1_hi = p1 >> 32u;
+        const std::uint64_t p2_lo = p2 & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        const std::uint64_t p2_hi = p2 >> 32u;
+
+        std::uint64_t Q = p0_hi + p1_lo + p2_lo;
+
+        // The full product might now be computed as
+        //
+        // p_hi = p3 + p2_hi + p1_hi + (Q >> 32)
+        // p_lo = p0_lo + (Q << 32)
+        //
+        // But in this particular case here, the full p_lo is not required.
+        // Effectively we only need to add the highest bit in p_lo to p_hi (and
+        // Q_hi + 1 does not overflow).
+
+        Q += std::uint64_t{1} << (64u - 32u - 1u); // round, ties up
+
+        const std::uint64_t h = p3 + p2_hi + p1_hi + (Q >> 32u);
+
+        return {h, x.e + y.e + 64};
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief normalize x such that the significand is >= 2^(q-1)
+    @pre x.f != 0
+    */
+    static diyfp normalize(diyfp x) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x.f != 0);
+
+        while ((x.f >> 63u) == 0)
+        {
+            x.f <<= 1u;
+            x.e--;
+        }
+
+        return x;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief normalize x such that the result has the exponent E
+    @pre e >= x.e and the upper e - x.e bits of x.f must be zero.
+    */
+    static diyfp normalize_to(const diyfp& x, const int target_exponent) noexcept
+    {
+        const int delta = x.e - target_exponent;
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(delta >= 0);
+        JSON_ASSERT(((x.f << delta) >> delta) == x.f);
+
+        return {x.f << delta, target_exponent};
+    }
+};
+
+struct boundaries
+{
+    diyfp w;
+    diyfp minus;
+    diyfp plus;
+};
+
+/*!
+Compute the (normalized) diyfp representing the input number 'value' and its
+boundaries.
+
+@pre value must be finite and positive
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+boundaries compute_boundaries(FloatType value)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+    JSON_ASSERT(value > 0);
+
+    // Convert the IEEE representation into a diyfp.
+    //
+    // If v is denormal:
+    //      value = 0.F * 2^(1 - bias) = (          F) * 2^(1 - bias - (p-1))
+    // If v is normalized:
+    //      value = 1.F * 2^(E - bias) = (2^(p-1) + F) * 2^(E - bias - (p-1))
+
+    static_assert(std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::is_iec559,
+                  "internal error: dtoa_short requires an IEEE-754 floating-point implementation");
+
+    constexpr int      kPrecision = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits; // = p (includes the hidden bit)
+    constexpr int      kBias      = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_exponent - 1 + (kPrecision - 1);
+    constexpr int      kMinExp    = 1 - kBias;
+    constexpr std::uint64_t kHiddenBit = std::uint64_t{1} << (kPrecision - 1); // = 2^(p-1)
+
+    using bits_type = typename std::conditional<kPrecision == 24, std::uint32_t, std::uint64_t >::type;
+
+    const auto bits = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(reinterpret_bits<bits_type>(value));
+    const std::uint64_t E = bits >> (kPrecision - 1);
+    const std::uint64_t F = bits & (kHiddenBit - 1);
+
+    const bool is_denormal = E == 0;
+    const diyfp v = is_denormal
+                    ? diyfp(F, kMinExp)
+                    : diyfp(F + kHiddenBit, static_cast<int>(E) - kBias);
+
+    // Compute the boundaries m- and m+ of the floating-point value
+    // v = f * 2^e.
+    //
+    // Determine v- and v+, the floating-point predecessor and successor if v,
+    // respectively.
+    //
+    //      v- = v - 2^e        if f != 2^(p-1) or e == e_min                (A)
+    //         = v - 2^(e-1)    if f == 2^(p-1) and e > e_min                (B)
+    //
+    //      v+ = v + 2^e
+    //
+    // Let m- = (v- + v) / 2 and m+ = (v + v+) / 2. All real numbers _strictly_
+    // between m- and m+ round to v, regardless of how the input rounding
+    // algorithm breaks ties.
+    //
+    //      ---+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---  (A)
+    //         v-            m-            v             m+            v+
+    //
+    //      -----------------+------+------+-------------+-------------+---  (B)
+    //                       v-     m-     v             m+            v+
+
+    const bool lower_boundary_is_closer = F == 0 && E > 1;
+    const diyfp m_plus = diyfp(2 * v.f + 1, v.e - 1);
+    const diyfp m_minus = lower_boundary_is_closer
+                          ? diyfp(4 * v.f - 1, v.e - 2)  // (B)
+                          : diyfp(2 * v.f - 1, v.e - 1); // (A)
+
+    // Determine the normalized w+ = m+.
+    const diyfp w_plus = diyfp::normalize(m_plus);
+
+    // Determine w- = m- such that e_(w-) = e_(w+).
+    const diyfp w_minus = diyfp::normalize_to(m_minus, w_plus.e);
+
+    return {diyfp::normalize(v), w_minus, w_plus};
+}
+
+// Given normalized diyfp w, Grisu needs to find a (normalized) cached
+// power-of-ten c, such that the exponent of the product c * w = f * 2^e lies
+// within a certain range [alpha, gamma] (Definition 3.2 from [1])
+//
+//      alpha <= e = e_c + e_w + q <= gamma
+//
+// or
+//
+//      f_c * f_w * 2^alpha <= f_c 2^(e_c) * f_w 2^(e_w) * 2^q
+//                          <= f_c * f_w * 2^gamma
+//
+// Since c and w are normalized, i.e. 2^(q-1) <= f < 2^q, this implies
+//
+//      2^(q-1) * 2^(q-1) * 2^alpha <= c * w * 2^q < 2^q * 2^q * 2^gamma
+//
+// or
+//
+//      2^(q - 2 + alpha) <= c * w < 2^(q + gamma)
+//
+// The choice of (alpha,gamma) determines the size of the table and the form of
+// the digit generation procedure. Using (alpha,gamma)=(-60,-32) works out well
+// in practice:
+//
+// The idea is to cut the number c * w = f * 2^e into two parts, which can be
+// processed independently: An integral part p1, and a fractional part p2:
+//
+//      f * 2^e = ( (f div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (f mod 2^-e) ) * 2^e
+//              = (f div 2^-e) + (f mod 2^-e) * 2^e
+//              = p1 + p2 * 2^e
+//
+// The conversion of p1 into decimal form requires a series of divisions and
+// modulos by (a power of) 10. These operations are faster for 32-bit than for
+// 64-bit integers, so p1 should ideally fit into a 32-bit integer. This can be
+// achieved by choosing
+//
+//      -e >= 32   or   e <= -32 := gamma
+//
+// In order to convert the fractional part
+//
+//      p2 * 2^e = p2 / 2^-e = d[-1] / 10^1 + d[-2] / 10^2 + ...
+//
+// into decimal form, the fraction is repeatedly multiplied by 10 and the digits
+// d[-i] are extracted in order:
+//
+//      (10 * p2) div 2^-e = d[-1]
+//      (10 * p2) mod 2^-e = d[-2] / 10^1 + ...
+//
+// The multiplication by 10 must not overflow. It is sufficient to choose
+//
+//      10 * p2 < 16 * p2 = 2^4 * p2 <= 2^64.
+//
+// Since p2 = f mod 2^-e < 2^-e,
+//
+//      -e <= 60   or   e >= -60 := alpha
+
+constexpr int kAlpha = -60;
+constexpr int kGamma = -32;
+
+struct cached_power // c = f * 2^e ~= 10^k
+{
+    std::uint64_t f;
+    int e;
+    int k;
+};
+
+/*!
+For a normalized diyfp w = f * 2^e, this function returns a (normalized) cached
+power-of-ten c = f_c * 2^e_c, such that the exponent of the product w * c
+satisfies (Definition 3.2 from [1])
+
+     alpha <= e_c + e + q <= gamma.
+*/
+inline cached_power get_cached_power_for_binary_exponent(int e)
+{
+    // Now
+    //
+    //      alpha <= e_c + e + q <= gamma                                    (1)
+    //      ==> f_c * 2^alpha <= c * 2^e * 2^q
+    //
+    // and since the c's are normalized, 2^(q-1) <= f_c,
+    //
+    //      ==> 2^(q - 1 + alpha) <= c * 2^(e + q)
+    //      ==> 2^(alpha - e - 1) <= c
+    //
+    // If c were an exact power of ten, i.e. c = 10^k, one may determine k as
+    //
+    //      k = ceil( log_10( 2^(alpha - e - 1) ) )
+    //        = ceil( (alpha - e - 1) * log_10(2) )
+    //
+    // From the paper:
+    // "In theory the result of the procedure could be wrong since c is rounded,
+    //  and the computation itself is approximated [...]. In practice, however,
+    //  this simple function is sufficient."
+    //
+    // For IEEE double precision floating-point numbers converted into
+    // normalized diyfp's w = f * 2^e, with q = 64,
+    //
+    //      e >= -1022      (min IEEE exponent)
+    //           -52        (p - 1)
+    //           -52        (p - 1, possibly normalize denormal IEEE numbers)
+    //           -11        (normalize the diyfp)
+    //         = -1137
+    //
+    // and
+    //
+    //      e <= +1023      (max IEEE exponent)
+    //           -52        (p - 1)
+    //           -11        (normalize the diyfp)
+    //         = 960
+    //
+    // This binary exponent range [-1137,960] results in a decimal exponent
+    // range [-307,324]. One does not need to store a cached power for each
+    // k in this range. For each such k it suffices to find a cached power
+    // such that the exponent of the product lies in [alpha,gamma].
+    // This implies that the difference of the decimal exponents of adjacent
+    // table entries must be less than or equal to
+    //
+    //      floor( (gamma - alpha) * log_10(2) ) = 8.
+    //
+    // (A smaller distance gamma-alpha would require a larger table.)
+
+    // NB:
+    // Actually this function returns c, such that -60 <= e_c + e + 64 <= -34.
+
+    constexpr int kCachedPowersMinDecExp = -300;
+    constexpr int kCachedPowersDecStep = 8;
+
+    static constexpr std::array<cached_power, 79> kCachedPowers =
+    {
+        {
+            { 0xAB70FE17C79AC6CA, -1060, -300 },
+            { 0xFF77B1FCBEBCDC4F, -1034, -292 },
+            { 0xBE5691EF416BD60C, -1007, -284 },
+            { 0x8DD01FAD907FFC3C,  -980, -276 },
+            { 0xD3515C2831559A83,  -954, -268 },
+            { 0x9D71AC8FADA6C9B5,  -927, -260 },
+            { 0xEA9C227723EE8BCB,  -901, -252 },
+            { 0xAECC49914078536D,  -874, -244 },
+            { 0x823C12795DB6CE57,  -847, -236 },
+            { 0xC21094364DFB5637,  -821, -228 },
+            { 0x9096EA6F3848984F,  -794, -220 },
+            { 0xD77485CB25823AC7,  -768, -212 },
+            { 0xA086CFCD97BF97F4,  -741, -204 },
+            { 0xEF340A98172AACE5,  -715, -196 },
+            { 0xB23867FB2A35B28E,  -688, -188 },
+            { 0x84C8D4DFD2C63F3B,  -661, -180 },
+            { 0xC5DD44271AD3CDBA,  -635, -172 },
+            { 0x936B9FCEBB25C996,  -608, -164 },
+            { 0xDBAC6C247D62A584,  -582, -156 },
+            { 0xA3AB66580D5FDAF6,  -555, -148 },
+            { 0xF3E2F893DEC3F126,  -529, -140 },
+            { 0xB5B5ADA8AAFF80B8,  -502, -132 },
+            { 0x87625F056C7C4A8B,  -475, -124 },
+            { 0xC9BCFF6034C13053,  -449, -116 },
+            { 0x964E858C91BA2655,  -422, -108 },
+            { 0xDFF9772470297EBD,  -396, -100 },
+            { 0xA6DFBD9FB8E5B88F,  -369,  -92 },
+            { 0xF8A95FCF88747D94,  -343,  -84 },
+            { 0xB94470938FA89BCF,  -316,  -76 },
+            { 0x8A08F0F8BF0F156B,  -289,  -68 },
+            { 0xCDB02555653131B6,  -263,  -60 },
+            { 0x993FE2C6D07B7FAC,  -236,  -52 },
+            { 0xE45C10C42A2B3B06,  -210,  -44 },
+            { 0xAA242499697392D3,  -183,  -36 },
+            { 0xFD87B5F28300CA0E,  -157,  -28 },
+            { 0xBCE5086492111AEB,  -130,  -20 },
+            { 0x8CBCCC096F5088CC,  -103,  -12 },
+            { 0xD1B71758E219652C,   -77,   -4 },
+            { 0x9C40000000000000,   -50,    4 },
+            { 0xE8D4A51000000000,   -24,   12 },
+            { 0xAD78EBC5AC620000,     3,   20 },
+            { 0x813F3978F8940984,    30,   28 },
+            { 0xC097CE7BC90715B3,    56,   36 },
+            { 0x8F7E32CE7BEA5C70,    83,   44 },
+            { 0xD5D238A4ABE98068,   109,   52 },
+            { 0x9F4F2726179A2245,   136,   60 },
+            { 0xED63A231D4C4FB27,   162,   68 },
+            { 0xB0DE65388CC8ADA8,   189,   76 },
+            { 0x83C7088E1AAB65DB,   216,   84 },
+            { 0xC45D1DF942711D9A,   242,   92 },
+            { 0x924D692CA61BE758,   269,  100 },
+            { 0xDA01EE641A708DEA,   295,  108 },
+            { 0xA26DA3999AEF774A,   322,  116 },
+            { 0xF209787BB47D6B85,   348,  124 },
+            { 0xB454E4A179DD1877,   375,  132 },
+            { 0x865B86925B9BC5C2,   402,  140 },
+            { 0xC83553C5C8965D3D,   428,  148 },
+            { 0x952AB45CFA97A0B3,   455,  156 },
+            { 0xDE469FBD99A05FE3,   481,  164 },
+            { 0xA59BC234DB398C25,   508,  172 },
+            { 0xF6C69A72A3989F5C,   534,  180 },
+            { 0xB7DCBF5354E9BECE,   561,  188 },
+            { 0x88FCF317F22241E2,   588,  196 },
+            { 0xCC20CE9BD35C78A5,   614,  204 },
+            { 0x98165AF37B2153DF,   641,  212 },
+            { 0xE2A0B5DC971F303A,   667,  220 },
+            { 0xA8D9D1535CE3B396,   694,  228 },
+            { 0xFB9B7CD9A4A7443C,   720,  236 },
+            { 0xBB764C4CA7A44410,   747,  244 },
+            { 0x8BAB8EEFB6409C1A,   774,  252 },
+            { 0xD01FEF10A657842C,   800,  260 },
+            { 0x9B10A4E5E9913129,   827,  268 },
+            { 0xE7109BFBA19C0C9D,   853,  276 },
+            { 0xAC2820D9623BF429,   880,  284 },
+            { 0x80444B5E7AA7CF85,   907,  292 },
+            { 0xBF21E44003ACDD2D,   933,  300 },
+            { 0x8E679C2F5E44FF8F,   960,  308 },
+            { 0xD433179D9C8CB841,   986,  316 },
+            { 0x9E19DB92B4E31BA9,  1013,  324 },
+        }
+    };
+
+    // This computation gives exactly the same results for k as
+    //      k = ceil((kAlpha - e - 1) * 0.30102999566398114)
+    // for |e| <= 1500, but doesn't require floating-point operations.
+    // NB: log_10(2) ~= 78913 / 2^18
+    JSON_ASSERT(e >= -1500);
+    JSON_ASSERT(e <=  1500);
+    const int f = kAlpha - e - 1;
+    const int k = (f * 78913) / (1 << 18) + static_cast<int>(f > 0);
+
+    const int index = (-kCachedPowersMinDecExp + k + (kCachedPowersDecStep - 1)) / kCachedPowersDecStep;
+    JSON_ASSERT(index >= 0);
+    JSON_ASSERT(static_cast<std::size_t>(index) < kCachedPowers.size());
+
+    const cached_power cached = kCachedPowers[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    JSON_ASSERT(kAlpha <= cached.e + e + 64);
+    JSON_ASSERT(kGamma >= cached.e + e + 64);
+
+    return cached;
+}
+
+/*!
+For n != 0, returns k, such that pow10 := 10^(k-1) <= n < 10^k.
+For n == 0, returns 1 and sets pow10 := 1.
+*/
+inline int find_largest_pow10(const std::uint32_t n, std::uint32_t& pow10)
+{
+    // LCOV_EXCL_START
+    if (n >= 1000000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000000000;
+        return 10;
+    }
+    // LCOV_EXCL_STOP
+    if (n >= 100000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100000000;
+        return  9;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10000000;
+        return  8;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1000000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000000;
+        return  7;
+    }
+    if (n >= 100000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100000;
+        return  6;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10000;
+        return  5;
+    }
+    if (n >= 1000)
+    {
+        pow10 = 1000;
+        return  4;
+    }
+    if (n >= 100)
+    {
+        pow10 = 100;
+        return  3;
+    }
+    if (n >= 10)
+    {
+        pow10 = 10;
+        return  2;
+    }
+
+    pow10 = 1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+inline void grisu2_round(char* buf, int len, std::uint64_t dist, std::uint64_t delta,
+                         std::uint64_t rest, std::uint64_t ten_k)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(len >= 1);
+    JSON_ASSERT(dist <= delta);
+    JSON_ASSERT(rest <= delta);
+    JSON_ASSERT(ten_k > 0);
+
+    //               <--------------------------- delta ---->
+    //                                  <---- dist --------->
+    // --------------[------------------+-------------------]--------------
+    //               M-                 w                   M+
+    //
+    //                                  ten_k
+    //                                <------>
+    //                                       <---- rest ---->
+    // --------------[------------------+----+--------------]--------------
+    //                                  w    V
+    //                                       = buf * 10^k
+    //
+    // ten_k represents a unit-in-the-last-place in the decimal representation
+    // stored in buf.
+    // Decrement buf by ten_k while this takes buf closer to w.
+
+    // The tests are written in this order to avoid overflow in unsigned
+    // integer arithmetic.
+
+    while (rest < dist
+            && delta - rest >= ten_k
+            && (rest + ten_k < dist || dist - rest > rest + ten_k - dist))
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(buf[len - 1] != '0');
+        buf[len - 1]--;
+        rest += ten_k;
+    }
+}
+
+/*!
+Generates V = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent, such that M- <= V <= M+.
+M- and M+ must be normalized and share the same exponent -60 <= e <= -32.
+*/
+inline void grisu2_digit_gen(char* buffer, int& length, int& decimal_exponent,
+                             diyfp M_minus, diyfp w, diyfp M_plus)
+{
+    static_assert(kAlpha >= -60, "internal error");
+    static_assert(kGamma <= -32, "internal error");
+
+    // Generates the digits (and the exponent) of a decimal floating-point
+    // number V = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent in the range [M-, M+]. The diyfp's
+    // w, M- and M+ share the same exponent e, which satisfies alpha <= e <= gamma.
+    //
+    //               <--------------------------- delta ---->
+    //                                  <---- dist --------->
+    // --------------[------------------+-------------------]--------------
+    //               M-                 w                   M+
+    //
+    // Grisu2 generates the digits of M+ from left to right and stops as soon as
+    // V is in [M-,M+].
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(M_plus.e >= kAlpha);
+    JSON_ASSERT(M_plus.e <= kGamma);
+
+    std::uint64_t delta = diyfp::sub(M_plus, M_minus).f; // (significand of (M+ - M-), implicit exponent is e)
+    std::uint64_t dist  = diyfp::sub(M_plus, w      ).f; // (significand of (M+ - w ), implicit exponent is e)
+
+    // Split M+ = f * 2^e into two parts p1 and p2 (note: e < 0):
+    //
+    //      M+ = f * 2^e
+    //         = ((f div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (f mod 2^-e)) * 2^e
+    //         = ((p1        ) * 2^-e + (p2        )) * 2^e
+    //         = p1 + p2 * 2^e
+
+    const diyfp one(std::uint64_t{1} << -M_plus.e, M_plus.e);
+
+    auto p1 = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(M_plus.f >> -one.e); // p1 = f div 2^-e (Since -e >= 32, p1 fits into a 32-bit int.)
+    std::uint64_t p2 = M_plus.f & (one.f - 1);                    // p2 = f mod 2^-e
+
+    // 1)
+    //
+    // Generate the digits of the integral part p1 = d[n-1]...d[1]d[0]
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(p1 > 0);
+
+    std::uint32_t pow10{};
+    const int k = find_largest_pow10(p1, pow10);
+
+    //      10^(k-1) <= p1 < 10^k, pow10 = 10^(k-1)
+    //
+    //      p1 = (p1 div 10^(k-1)) * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))
+    //         = (d[k-1]         ) * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))
+    //
+    //      M+ = p1                                             + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + (p1 mod 10^(k-1))          + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + ((p1 mod 10^(k-1)) * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e
+    //         = d[k-1] * 10^(k-1) + (                         rest) * 2^e
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits d[n] of p1 from left to right (n = k-1,...,0)
+    //
+    //      p1 = d[k-1]...d[n] * 10^n + d[n-1]...d[0]
+    //
+    // but stop as soon as
+    //
+    //      rest * 2^e = (d[n-1]...d[0] * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+
+    int n = k;
+    while (n > 0)
+    {
+        // Invariants:
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (p1 + p2 * 2^e)    (buffer = 0 for n = k)
+        //      pow10 = 10^(n-1) <= p1 < 10^n
+        //
+        const std::uint32_t d = p1 / pow10;  // d = p1 div 10^(n-1)
+        const std::uint32_t r = p1 % pow10;  // r = p1 mod 10^(n-1)
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (d * 10^(n-1) + r) + p2 * 2^e
+        //         = (buffer * 10 + d) * 10^(n-1) + (r + p2 * 2^e)
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(d <= 9);
+        buffer[length++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d); // buffer := buffer * 10 + d
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^(n-1) + (r + p2 * 2^e)
+        //
+        p1 = r;
+        n--;
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^n + (p1 + p2 * 2^e)
+        //      pow10 = 10^n
+        //
+
+        // Now check if enough digits have been generated.
+        // Compute
+        //
+        //      p1 + p2 * 2^e = (p1 * 2^-e + p2) * 2^e = rest * 2^e
+        //
+        // Note:
+        // Since rest and delta share the same exponent e, it suffices to
+        // compare the significands.
+        const std::uint64_t rest = (std::uint64_t{p1} << -one.e) + p2;
+        if (rest <= delta)
+        {
+            // V = buffer * 10^n, with M- <= V <= M+.
+
+            decimal_exponent += n;
+
+            // We may now just stop. But instead look if the buffer could be
+            // decremented to bring V closer to w.
+            //
+            // pow10 = 10^n is now 1 ulp in the decimal representation V.
+            // The rounding procedure works with diyfp's with an implicit
+            // exponent of e.
+            //
+            //      10^n = (10^n * 2^-e) * 2^e = ulp * 2^e
+            //
+            const std::uint64_t ten_n = std::uint64_t{pow10} << -one.e;
+            grisu2_round(buffer, length, dist, delta, rest, ten_n);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        pow10 /= 10;
+        //
+        //      pow10 = 10^(n-1) <= p1 < 10^n
+        // Invariants restored.
+    }
+
+    // 2)
+    //
+    // The digits of the integral part have been generated:
+    //
+    //      M+ = d[k-1]...d[1]d[0] + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = buffer            + p2 * 2^e
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits of the fractional part p2 * 2^e.
+    //
+    // Note:
+    // No decimal point is generated: the exponent is adjusted instead.
+    //
+    // p2 actually represents the fraction
+    //
+    //      p2 * 2^e
+    //          = p2 / 2^-e
+    //          = d[-1] / 10^1 + d[-2] / 10^2 + ...
+    //
+    // Now generate the digits d[-m] of p1 from left to right (m = 1,2,...)
+    //
+    //      p2 * 2^e = d[-1]d[-2]...d[-m] * 10^-m
+    //                      + 10^-m * (d[-m-1] / 10^1 + d[-m-2] / 10^2 + ...)
+    //
+    // using
+    //
+    //      10^m * p2 = ((10^m * p2) div 2^-e) * 2^-e + ((10^m * p2) mod 2^-e)
+    //                = (                   d) * 2^-e + (                   r)
+    //
+    // or
+    //      10^m * p2 * 2^e = d + r * 2^e
+    //
+    // i.e.
+    //
+    //      M+ = buffer + p2 * 2^e
+    //         = buffer + 10^-m * (d + r * 2^e)
+    //         = (buffer * 10^m + d) * 10^-m + 10^-m * r * 2^e
+    //
+    // and stop as soon as 10^-m * r * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(p2 > delta);
+
+    int m = 0;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        // Invariant:
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (d[-m-1] / 10 + d[-m-2] / 10^2 + ...) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (p2                                 ) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (10 * p2)                   ) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * ((10*p2 div 2^-e) * 2^-e + (10*p2 mod 2^-e)) * 2^e
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(p2 <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)() / 10);
+        p2 *= 10;
+        const std::uint64_t d = p2 >> -one.e;     // d = (10 * p2) div 2^-e
+        const std::uint64_t r = p2 & (one.f - 1); // r = (10 * p2) mod 2^-e
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (d * 2^-e + r) * 2^e
+        //         = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * (1/10 * (d + r * 2^e))
+        //         = (buffer * 10 + d) * 10^(-m-1) + 10^(-m-1) * r * 2^e
+        //
+        JSON_ASSERT(d <= 9);
+        buffer[length++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d); // buffer := buffer * 10 + d
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^(-m-1) + 10^(-m-1) * r * 2^e
+        //
+        p2 = r;
+        m++;
+        //
+        //      M+ = buffer * 10^-m + 10^-m * p2 * 2^e
+        // Invariant restored.
+
+        // Check if enough digits have been generated.
+        //
+        //      10^-m * p2 * 2^e <= delta * 2^e
+        //              p2 * 2^e <= 10^m * delta * 2^e
+        //                    p2 <= 10^m * delta
+        delta *= 10;
+        dist  *= 10;
+        if (p2 <= delta)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // V = buffer * 10^-m, with M- <= V <= M+.
+
+    decimal_exponent -= m;
+
+    // 1 ulp in the decimal representation is now 10^-m.
+    // Since delta and dist are now scaled by 10^m, we need to do the
+    // same with ulp in order to keep the units in sync.
+    //
+    //      10^m * 10^-m = 1 = 2^-e * 2^e = ten_m * 2^e
+    //
+    const std::uint64_t ten_m = one.f;
+    grisu2_round(buffer, length, dist, delta, p2, ten_m);
+
+    // By construction this algorithm generates the shortest possible decimal
+    // number (Loitsch, Theorem 6.2) which rounds back to w.
+    // For an input number of precision p, at least
+    //
+    //      N = 1 + ceil(p * log_10(2))
+    //
+    // decimal digits are sufficient to identify all binary floating-point
+    // numbers (Matula, "In-and-Out conversions").
+    // This implies that the algorithm does not produce more than N decimal
+    // digits.
+    //
+    //      N = 17 for p = 53 (IEEE double precision)
+    //      N = 9  for p = 24 (IEEE single precision)
+}
+
+/*!
+v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+len is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+The buffer must be large enough, i.e. >= max_digits10.
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline void grisu2(char* buf, int& len, int& decimal_exponent,
+                   diyfp m_minus, diyfp v, diyfp m_plus)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(m_plus.e == m_minus.e);
+    JSON_ASSERT(m_plus.e == v.e);
+
+    //  --------(-----------------------+-----------------------)--------    (A)
+    //          m-                      v                       m+
+    //
+    //  --------------------(-----------+-----------------------)--------    (B)
+    //                      m-          v                       m+
+    //
+    // First scale v (and m- and m+) such that the exponent is in the range
+    // [alpha, gamma].
+
+    const cached_power cached = get_cached_power_for_binary_exponent(m_plus.e);
+
+    const diyfp c_minus_k(cached.f, cached.e); // = c ~= 10^-k
+
+    // The exponent of the products is = v.e + c_minus_k.e + q and is in the range [alpha,gamma]
+    const diyfp w       = diyfp::mul(v,       c_minus_k);
+    const diyfp w_minus = diyfp::mul(m_minus, c_minus_k);
+    const diyfp w_plus  = diyfp::mul(m_plus,  c_minus_k);
+
+    //  ----(---+---)---------------(---+---)---------------(---+---)----
+    //          w-                      w                       w+
+    //          = c*m-                  = c*v                   = c*m+
+    //
+    // diyfp::mul rounds its result and c_minus_k is approximated too. w, w- and
+    // w+ are now off by a small amount.
+    // In fact:
+    //
+    //      w - v * 10^k < 1 ulp
+    //
+    // To account for this inaccuracy, add resp. subtract 1 ulp.
+    //
+    //  --------+---[---------------(---+---)---------------]---+--------
+    //          w-  M-                  w                   M+  w+
+    //
+    // Now any number in [M-, M+] (bounds included) will round to w when input,
+    // regardless of how the input rounding algorithm breaks ties.
+    //
+    // And digit_gen generates the shortest possible such number in [M-, M+].
+    // Note that this does not mean that Grisu2 always generates the shortest
+    // possible number in the interval (m-, m+).
+    const diyfp M_minus(w_minus.f + 1, w_minus.e);
+    const diyfp M_plus (w_plus.f  - 1, w_plus.e );
+
+    decimal_exponent = -cached.k; // = -(-k) = k
+
+    grisu2_digit_gen(buf, len, decimal_exponent, M_minus, w, M_plus);
+}
+
+/*!
+v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+len is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+The buffer must be large enough, i.e. >= max_digits10.
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+void grisu2(char* buf, int& len, int& decimal_exponent, FloatType value)
+{
+    static_assert(diyfp::kPrecision >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits + 3,
+                  "internal error: not enough precision");
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+    JSON_ASSERT(value > 0);
+
+    // If the neighbors (and boundaries) of 'value' are always computed for double-precision
+    // numbers, all float's can be recovered using strtod (and strtof). However, the resulting
+    // decimal representations are not exactly "short".
+    //
+    // The documentation for 'std::to_chars' (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/to_chars)
+    // says "value is converted to a string as if by std::sprintf in the default ("C") locale"
+    // and since sprintf promotes float's to double's, I think this is exactly what 'std::to_chars'
+    // does.
+    // On the other hand, the documentation for 'std::to_chars' requires that "parsing the
+    // representation using the corresponding std::from_chars function recovers value exactly". That
+    // indicates that single precision floating-point numbers should be recovered using
+    // 'std::strtof'.
+    //
+    // NB: If the neighbors are computed for single-precision numbers, there is a single float
+    //     (7.0385307e-26f) which can't be recovered using strtod. The resulting double precision
+    //     value is off by 1 ulp.
+#if 0
+    const boundaries w = compute_boundaries(static_cast<double>(value));
+#else
+    const boundaries w = compute_boundaries(value);
+#endif
+
+    grisu2(buf, len, decimal_exponent, w.minus, w.w, w.plus);
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief appends a decimal representation of e to buf
+@return a pointer to the element following the exponent.
+@pre -1000 < e < 1000
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+inline char* append_exponent(char* buf, int e)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(e > -1000);
+    JSON_ASSERT(e <  1000);
+
+    if (e < 0)
+    {
+        e = -e;
+        *buf++ = '-';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *buf++ = '+';
+    }
+
+    auto k = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(e);
+    if (k < 10)
+    {
+        // Always print at least two digits in the exponent.
+        // This is for compatibility with printf("%g").
+        *buf++ = '0';
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+    else if (k < 100)
+    {
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 10);
+        k %= 10;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 100);
+        k %= 100;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k / 10);
+        k %= 10;
+        *buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + k);
+    }
+
+    return buf;
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief prettify v = buf * 10^decimal_exponent
+
+If v is in the range [10^min_exp, 10^max_exp) it will be printed in fixed-point
+notation. Otherwise it will be printed in exponential notation.
+
+@pre min_exp < 0
+@pre max_exp > 0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+inline char* format_buffer(char* buf, int len, int decimal_exponent,
+                           int min_exp, int max_exp)
+{
+    JSON_ASSERT(min_exp < 0);
+    JSON_ASSERT(max_exp > 0);
+
+    const int k = len;
+    const int n = len + decimal_exponent;
+
+    // v = buf * 10^(n-k)
+    // k is the length of the buffer (number of decimal digits)
+    // n is the position of the decimal point relative to the start of the buffer.
+
+    if (k <= n && n <= max_exp)
+    {
+        // digits[000]
+        // len <= max_exp + 2
+
+        std::memset(buf + k, '0', static_cast<size_t>(n) - static_cast<size_t>(k));
+        // Make it look like a floating-point number (#362, #378)
+        buf[n + 0] = '.';
+        buf[n + 1] = '0';
+        return buf + (static_cast<size_t>(n) + 2);
+    }
+
+    if (0 < n && n <= max_exp)
+    {
+        // dig.its
+        // len <= max_digits10 + 1
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(k > n);
+
+        std::memmove(buf + (static_cast<size_t>(n) + 1), buf + n, static_cast<size_t>(k) - static_cast<size_t>(n));
+        buf[n] = '.';
+        return buf + (static_cast<size_t>(k) + 1U);
+    }
+
+    if (min_exp < n && n <= 0)
+    {
+        // 0.[000]digits
+        // len <= 2 + (-min_exp - 1) + max_digits10
+
+        std::memmove(buf + (2 + static_cast<size_t>(-n)), buf, static_cast<size_t>(k));
+        buf[0] = '0';
+        buf[1] = '.';
+        std::memset(buf + 2, '0', static_cast<size_t>(-n));
+        return buf + (2U + static_cast<size_t>(-n) + static_cast<size_t>(k));
+    }
+
+    if (k == 1)
+    {
+        // dE+123
+        // len <= 1 + 5
+
+        buf += 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // d.igitsE+123
+        // len <= max_digits10 + 1 + 5
+
+        std::memmove(buf + 2, buf + 1, static_cast<size_t>(k) - 1);
+        buf[1] = '.';
+        buf += 1 + static_cast<size_t>(k);
+    }
+
+    *buf++ = 'e';
+    return append_exponent(buf, n - 1);
+}
+
+} // namespace dtoa_impl
+
+/*!
+@brief generates a decimal representation of the floating-point number value in [first, last).
+
+The format of the resulting decimal representation is similar to printf's %g
+format. Returns an iterator pointing past-the-end of the decimal representation.
+
+@note The input number must be finite, i.e. NaN's and Inf's are not supported.
+@note The buffer must be large enough.
+@note The result is NOT null-terminated.
+*/
+template<typename FloatType>
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1, 2)
+JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+char* to_chars(char* first, const char* last, FloatType value)
+{
+    static_cast<void>(last); // maybe unused - fix warning
+    JSON_ASSERT(std::isfinite(value));
+
+    // Use signbit(value) instead of (value < 0) since signbit works for -0.
+    if (std::signbit(value))
+    {
+        value = -value;
+        *first++ = '-';
+    }
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+    if (value == 0) // +-0
+    {
+        *first++ = '0';
+        // Make it look like a floating-point number (#362, #378)
+        *first++ = '.';
+        *first++ = '0';
+        return first;
+    }
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+
+    // Compute v = buffer * 10^decimal_exponent.
+    // The decimal digits are stored in the buffer, which needs to be interpreted
+    // as an unsigned decimal integer.
+    // len is the length of the buffer, i.e. the number of decimal digits.
+    int len = 0;
+    int decimal_exponent = 0;
+    dtoa_impl::grisu2(first, len, decimal_exponent, value);
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(len <= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+
+    // Format the buffer like printf("%.*g", prec, value)
+    constexpr int kMinExp = -4;
+    // Use digits10 here to increase compatibility with version 2.
+    constexpr int kMaxExp = std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10;
+
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= kMaxExp + 2);
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= 2 + (-kMinExp - 1) + std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10);
+    JSON_ASSERT(last - first >= std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::max_digits10 + 6);
+
+    return dtoa_impl::format_buffer(first, len, decimal_exponent, kMinExp, kMaxExp);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+///////////////////
+// serialization //
+///////////////////
+
+/// how to treat decoding errors
+enum class error_handler_t
+{
+    strict,  ///< throw a type_error exception in case of invalid UTF-8
+    replace, ///< replace invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD
+    ignore   ///< ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences
+};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType>
+class serializer
+{
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    using number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+    using number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+    using number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+    using binary_char_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t::value_type;
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t UTF8_ACCEPT = 0;
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t UTF8_REJECT = 1;
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @param[in] s  output stream to serialize to
+    @param[in] ichar  indentation character to use
+    @param[in] error_handler_  how to react on decoding errors
+    */
+    serializer(output_adapter_t<char> s, const char ichar,
+               error_handler_t error_handler_ = error_handler_t::strict)
+        : o(std::move(s))
+        , loc(std::localeconv())
+        , thousands_sep(loc->thousands_sep == nullptr ? '\0' : std::char_traits<char>::to_char_type(* (loc->thousands_sep)))
+        , decimal_point(loc->decimal_point == nullptr ? '\0' : std::char_traits<char>::to_char_type(* (loc->decimal_point)))
+        , indent_char(ichar)
+        , indent_string(512, indent_char)
+        , error_handler(error_handler_)
+    {}
+
+    // delete because of pointer members
+    serializer(const serializer&) = delete;
+    serializer& operator=(const serializer&) = delete;
+    serializer(serializer&&) = delete;
+    serializer& operator=(serializer&&) = delete;
+    ~serializer() = default;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief internal implementation of the serialization function
+
+    This function is called by the public member function dump and organizes
+    the serialization internally. The indentation level is propagated as
+    additional parameter. In case of arrays and objects, the function is
+    called recursively.
+
+    - strings and object keys are escaped using `escape_string()`
+    - integer numbers are converted implicitly via `operator<<`
+    - floating-point numbers are converted to a string using `"%g"` format
+    - binary values are serialized as objects containing the subtype and the
+      byte array
+
+    @param[in] val               value to serialize
+    @param[in] pretty_print      whether the output shall be pretty-printed
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii If @a ensure_ascii is true, all non-ASCII characters
+    in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the result consists
+    of ASCII characters only.
+    @param[in] indent_step       the indent level
+    @param[in] current_indent    the current indent level (only used internally)
+    */
+    void dump(const BasicJsonType& val,
+              const bool pretty_print,
+              const bool ensure_ascii,
+              const unsigned int indent_step,
+              const unsigned int current_indent = 0)
+    {
+        switch (val.m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.object->empty())
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{}", 2);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    auto i = val.m_value.object->cbegin();
+                    for (std::size_t cnt = 0; cnt < val.m_value.object->size() - 1; ++cnt, ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                        o->write_character('\"');
+                        dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                        o->write_characters("\": ", 3);
+                        dump(i->second, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+                        o->write_characters(",\n", 2);
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(i != val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    JSON_ASSERT(std::next(i) == val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                    o->write_character('\"');
+                    dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                    o->write_characters("\": ", 3);
+                    dump(i->second, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_character('{');
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    auto i = val.m_value.object->cbegin();
+                    for (std::size_t cnt = 0; cnt < val.m_value.object->size() - 1; ++cnt, ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_character('\"');
+                        dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                        o->write_characters("\":", 2);
+                        dump(i->second, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+                        o->write_character(',');
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(i != val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    JSON_ASSERT(std::next(i) == val.m_value.object->cend());
+                    o->write_character('\"');
+                    dump_escaped(i->first, ensure_ascii);
+                    o->write_characters("\":", 2);
+                    dump(i->second, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.array->empty())
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("[]", 2);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("[\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    for (auto i = val.m_value.array->cbegin();
+                            i != val.m_value.array->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                        dump(*i, true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+                        o->write_characters(",\n", 2);
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!val.m_value.array->empty());
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+                    dump(val.m_value.array->back(), true, ensure_ascii, indent_step, new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character(']');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_character('[');
+
+                    // first n-1 elements
+                    for (auto i = val.m_value.array->cbegin();
+                            i != val.m_value.array->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        dump(*i, false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+                        o->write_character(',');
+                    }
+
+                    // last element
+                    JSON_ASSERT(!val.m_value.array->empty());
+                    dump(val.m_value.array->back(), false, ensure_ascii, indent_step, current_indent);
+
+                    o->write_character(']');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                o->write_character('\"');
+                dump_escaped(*val.m_value.string, ensure_ascii);
+                o->write_character('\"');
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (pretty_print)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\n", 2);
+
+                    // variable to hold indentation for recursive calls
+                    const auto new_indent = current_indent + indent_step;
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(indent_string.size() < new_indent))
+                    {
+                        indent_string.resize(indent_string.size() * 2, ' ');
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_characters("\"bytes\": [", 10);
+
+                    if (!val.m_value.binary->empty())
+                    {
+                        for (auto i = val.m_value.binary->cbegin();
+                                i != val.m_value.binary->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                        {
+                            dump_integer(*i);
+                            o->write_characters(", ", 2);
+                        }
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->back());
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters("],\n", 3);
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), new_indent);
+
+                    o->write_characters("\"subtype\": ", 11);
+                    if (val.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                    {
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->subtype());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("null", 4);
+                    }
+                    o->write_character('\n');
+                    o->write_characters(indent_string.c_str(), current_indent);
+                    o->write_character('}');
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("{\"bytes\":[", 10);
+
+                    if (!val.m_value.binary->empty())
+                    {
+                        for (auto i = val.m_value.binary->cbegin();
+                                i != val.m_value.binary->cend() - 1; ++i)
+                        {
+                            dump_integer(*i);
+                            o->write_character(',');
+                        }
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->back());
+                    }
+
+                    o->write_characters("],\"subtype\":", 12);
+                    if (val.m_value.binary->has_subtype())
+                    {
+                        dump_integer(val.m_value.binary->subtype());
+                        o->write_character('}');
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("null}", 5);
+                    }
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                if (val.m_value.boolean)
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("true", 4);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    o->write_characters("false", 5);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                dump_integer(val.m_value.number_integer);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                dump_integer(val.m_value.number_unsigned);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                dump_float(val.m_value.number_float);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            {
+                o->write_characters("<discarded>", 11);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                o->write_characters("null", 4);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+    }
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief dump escaped string
+
+    Escape a string by replacing certain special characters by a sequence of an
+    escape character (backslash) and another character and other control
+    characters by a sequence of "\u" followed by a four-digit hex
+    representation. The escaped string is written to output stream @a o.
+
+    @param[in] s  the string to escape
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii  whether to escape non-ASCII characters with
+                             \uXXXX sequences
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of string @a s.
+    */
+    void dump_escaped(const string_t& s, const bool ensure_ascii)
+    {
+        std::uint32_t codepoint{};
+        std::uint8_t state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
+        std::size_t bytes = 0;  // number of bytes written to string_buffer
+
+        // number of bytes written at the point of the last valid byte
+        std::size_t bytes_after_last_accept = 0;
+        std::size_t undumped_chars = 0;
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            const auto byte = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(s[i]);
+
+            switch (decode(state, codepoint, byte))
+            {
+                case UTF8_ACCEPT:  // decode found a new code point
+                {
+                    switch (codepoint)
+                    {
+                        case 0x08: // backspace
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'b';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x09: // horizontal tab
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 't';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0A: // newline
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'n';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0C: // formfeed
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x0D: // carriage return
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = 'r';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x22: // quotation mark
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\"';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 0x5C: // reverse solidus
+                        {
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            // escape control characters (0x00..0x1F) or, if
+                            // ensure_ascii parameter is used, non-ASCII characters
+                            if ((codepoint <= 0x1F) || (ensure_ascii && (codepoint >= 0x7F)))
+                            {
+                                if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF)
+                                {
+                                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                                    (std::snprintf)(string_buffer.data() + bytes, 7, "\\u%04x",
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(codepoint));
+                                    bytes += 6;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                                    (std::snprintf)(string_buffer.data() + bytes, 13, "\\u%04x\\u%04x",
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(0xD7C0u + (codepoint >> 10u)),
+                                                    static_cast<std::uint16_t>(0xDC00u + (codepoint & 0x3FFu)));
+                                    bytes += 12;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // copy byte to buffer (all previous bytes
+                                // been copied have in default case above)
+                                string_buffer[bytes++] = s[i];
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // write buffer and reset index; there must be 13 bytes
+                    // left, as this is the maximal number of bytes to be
+                    // written ("\uxxxx\uxxxx\0") for one code point
+                    if (string_buffer.size() - bytes < 13)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+                        bytes = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    // remember the byte position of this accept
+                    bytes_after_last_accept = bytes;
+                    undumped_chars = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case UTF8_REJECT:  // decode found invalid UTF-8 byte
+                {
+                    switch (error_handler)
+                    {
+                        case error_handler_t::strict:
+                        {
+                            std::string sn(9, '\0');
+                            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                            (std::snprintf)(&sn[0], sn.size(), "%.2X", byte);
+                            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(316, "invalid UTF-8 byte at index " + std::to_string(i) + ": 0x" + sn, BasicJsonType()));
+                        }
+
+                        case error_handler_t::ignore:
+                        case error_handler_t::replace:
+                        {
+                            // in case we saw this character the first time, we
+                            // would like to read it again, because the byte
+                            // may be OK for itself, but just not OK for the
+                            // previous sequence
+                            if (undumped_chars > 0)
+                            {
+                                --i;
+                            }
+
+                            // reset length buffer to the last accepted index;
+                            // thus removing/ignoring the invalid characters
+                            bytes = bytes_after_last_accept;
+
+                            if (error_handler == error_handler_t::replace)
+                            {
+                                // add a replacement character
+                                if (ensure_ascii)
+                                {
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = '\\';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'u';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'f';
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = 'd';
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xEF');
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xBF');
+                                    string_buffer[bytes++] = detail::binary_writer<BasicJsonType, char>::to_char_type('\xBD');
+                                }
+
+                                // write buffer and reset index; there must be 13 bytes
+                                // left, as this is the maximal number of bytes to be
+                                // written ("\uxxxx\uxxxx\0") for one code point
+                                if (string_buffer.size() - bytes < 13)
+                                {
+                                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+                                    bytes = 0;
+                                }
+
+                                bytes_after_last_accept = bytes;
+                            }
+
+                            undumped_chars = 0;
+
+                            // continue processing the string
+                            state = UTF8_ACCEPT;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                            JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:  // decode found yet incomplete multi-byte code point
+                {
+                    if (!ensure_ascii)
+                    {
+                        // code point will not be escaped - copy byte to buffer
+                        string_buffer[bytes++] = s[i];
+                    }
+                    ++undumped_chars;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // we finished processing the string
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(state == UTF8_ACCEPT))
+        {
+            // write buffer
+            if (bytes > 0)
+            {
+                o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // we finish reading, but do not accept: string was incomplete
+            switch (error_handler)
+            {
+                case error_handler_t::strict:
+                {
+                    std::string sn(9, '\0');
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+                    (std::snprintf)(&sn[0], sn.size(), "%.2X", static_cast<std::uint8_t>(s.back()));
+                    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(316, "incomplete UTF-8 string; last byte: 0x" + sn, BasicJsonType()));
+                }
+
+                case error_handler_t::ignore:
+                {
+                    // write all accepted bytes
+                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes_after_last_accept);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case error_handler_t::replace:
+                {
+                    // write all accepted bytes
+                    o->write_characters(string_buffer.data(), bytes_after_last_accept);
+                    // add a replacement character
+                    if (ensure_ascii)
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("\\ufffd", 6);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        o->write_characters("\xEF\xBF\xBD", 3);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief count digits
+
+    Count the number of decimal (base 10) digits for an input unsigned integer.
+
+    @param[in] x  unsigned integer number to count its digits
+    @return    number of decimal digits
+    */
+    inline unsigned int count_digits(number_unsigned_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        unsigned int n_digits = 1;
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (x < 10)
+            {
+                return n_digits;
+            }
+            if (x < 100)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 1;
+            }
+            if (x < 1000)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 2;
+            }
+            if (x < 10000)
+            {
+                return n_digits + 3;
+            }
+            x = x / 10000u;
+            n_digits += 4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dump an integer
+
+    Dump a given integer to output stream @a o. Works internally with
+    @a number_buffer.
+
+    @param[in] x  integer number (signed or unsigned) to dump
+    @tparam NumberType either @a number_integer_t or @a number_unsigned_t
+    */
+    template < typename NumberType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   std::is_integral<NumberType>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, number_unsigned_t>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, number_integer_t>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<NumberType, binary_char_t>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    void dump_integer(NumberType x)
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array<std::array<char, 2>, 100> digits_to_99
+        {
+            {
+                {{'0', '0'}}, {{'0', '1'}}, {{'0', '2'}}, {{'0', '3'}}, {{'0', '4'}}, {{'0', '5'}}, {{'0', '6'}}, {{'0', '7'}}, {{'0', '8'}}, {{'0', '9'}},
+                {{'1', '0'}}, {{'1', '1'}}, {{'1', '2'}}, {{'1', '3'}}, {{'1', '4'}}, {{'1', '5'}}, {{'1', '6'}}, {{'1', '7'}}, {{'1', '8'}}, {{'1', '9'}},
+                {{'2', '0'}}, {{'2', '1'}}, {{'2', '2'}}, {{'2', '3'}}, {{'2', '4'}}, {{'2', '5'}}, {{'2', '6'}}, {{'2', '7'}}, {{'2', '8'}}, {{'2', '9'}},
+                {{'3', '0'}}, {{'3', '1'}}, {{'3', '2'}}, {{'3', '3'}}, {{'3', '4'}}, {{'3', '5'}}, {{'3', '6'}}, {{'3', '7'}}, {{'3', '8'}}, {{'3', '9'}},
+                {{'4', '0'}}, {{'4', '1'}}, {{'4', '2'}}, {{'4', '3'}}, {{'4', '4'}}, {{'4', '5'}}, {{'4', '6'}}, {{'4', '7'}}, {{'4', '8'}}, {{'4', '9'}},
+                {{'5', '0'}}, {{'5', '1'}}, {{'5', '2'}}, {{'5', '3'}}, {{'5', '4'}}, {{'5', '5'}}, {{'5', '6'}}, {{'5', '7'}}, {{'5', '8'}}, {{'5', '9'}},
+                {{'6', '0'}}, {{'6', '1'}}, {{'6', '2'}}, {{'6', '3'}}, {{'6', '4'}}, {{'6', '5'}}, {{'6', '6'}}, {{'6', '7'}}, {{'6', '8'}}, {{'6', '9'}},
+                {{'7', '0'}}, {{'7', '1'}}, {{'7', '2'}}, {{'7', '3'}}, {{'7', '4'}}, {{'7', '5'}}, {{'7', '6'}}, {{'7', '7'}}, {{'7', '8'}}, {{'7', '9'}},
+                {{'8', '0'}}, {{'8', '1'}}, {{'8', '2'}}, {{'8', '3'}}, {{'8', '4'}}, {{'8', '5'}}, {{'8', '6'}}, {{'8', '7'}}, {{'8', '8'}}, {{'8', '9'}},
+                {{'9', '0'}}, {{'9', '1'}}, {{'9', '2'}}, {{'9', '3'}}, {{'9', '4'}}, {{'9', '5'}}, {{'9', '6'}}, {{'9', '7'}}, {{'9', '8'}}, {{'9', '9'}},
+            }
+        };
+
+        // special case for "0"
+        if (x == 0)
+        {
+            o->write_character('0');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // use a pointer to fill the buffer
+        auto buffer_ptr = number_buffer.begin(); // NOLINT(llvm-qualified-auto,readability-qualified-auto,cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+
+        const bool is_negative = std::is_signed<NumberType>::value && !(x >= 0); // see issue #755
+        number_unsigned_t abs_value;
+
+        unsigned int n_chars{};
+
+        if (is_negative)
+        {
+            *buffer_ptr = '-';
+            abs_value = remove_sign(static_cast<number_integer_t>(x));
+
+            // account one more byte for the minus sign
+            n_chars = 1 + count_digits(abs_value);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            abs_value = static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(x);
+            n_chars = count_digits(abs_value);
+        }
+
+        // spare 1 byte for '\0'
+        JSON_ASSERT(n_chars < number_buffer.size() - 1);
+
+        // jump to the end to generate the string from backward
+        // so we later avoid reversing the result
+        buffer_ptr += n_chars;
+
+        // Fast int2ascii implementation inspired by "Fastware" talk by Andrei Alexandrescu
+        // See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4-CwDo2zpg
+        while (abs_value >= 100)
+        {
+            const auto digits_index = static_cast<unsigned>((abs_value % 100));
+            abs_value /= 100;
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][1];
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][0];
+        }
+
+        if (abs_value >= 10)
+        {
+            const auto digits_index = static_cast<unsigned>(abs_value);
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][1];
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = digits_to_99[digits_index][0];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *(--buffer_ptr) = static_cast<char>('0' + abs_value);
+        }
+
+        o->write_characters(number_buffer.data(), n_chars);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief dump a floating-point number
+
+    Dump a given floating-point number to output stream @a o. Works internally
+    with @a number_buffer.
+
+    @param[in] x  floating-point number to dump
+    */
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x)
+    {
+        // NaN / inf
+        if (!std::isfinite(x))
+        {
+            o->write_characters("null", 4);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If number_float_t is an IEEE-754 single or double precision number,
+        // use the Grisu2 algorithm to produce short numbers which are
+        // guaranteed to round-trip, using strtof and strtod, resp.
+        //
+        // NB: The test below works if <long double> == <double>.
+        static constexpr bool is_ieee_single_or_double
+            = (std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::is_iec559 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits == 24 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_exponent == 128) ||
+              (std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::is_iec559 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::digits == 53 && std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_exponent == 1024);
+
+        dump_float(x, std::integral_constant<bool, is_ieee_single_or_double>());
+    }
+
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x, std::true_type /*is_ieee_single_or_double*/)
+    {
+        auto* begin = number_buffer.data();
+        auto* end = ::nlohmann::detail::to_chars(begin, begin + number_buffer.size(), x);
+
+        o->write_characters(begin, static_cast<size_t>(end - begin));
+    }
+
+    void dump_float(number_float_t x, std::false_type /*is_ieee_single_or_double*/)
+    {
+        // get number of digits for a float -> text -> float round-trip
+        static constexpr auto d = std::numeric_limits<number_float_t>::max_digits10;
+
+        // the actual conversion
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        std::ptrdiff_t len = (std::snprintf)(number_buffer.data(), number_buffer.size(), "%.*g", d, x);
+
+        // negative value indicates an error
+        JSON_ASSERT(len > 0);
+        // check if buffer was large enough
+        JSON_ASSERT(static_cast<std::size_t>(len) < number_buffer.size());
+
+        // erase thousands separator
+        if (thousands_sep != '\0')
+        {
+            auto* const end = std::remove(number_buffer.begin(),
+                                          number_buffer.begin() + len, thousands_sep);
+            std::fill(end, number_buffer.end(), '\0');
+            JSON_ASSERT((end - number_buffer.begin()) <= len);
+            len = (end - number_buffer.begin());
+        }
+
+        // convert decimal point to '.'
+        if (decimal_point != '\0' && decimal_point != '.')
+        {
+            auto* const dec_pos = std::find(number_buffer.begin(), number_buffer.end(), decimal_point);
+            if (dec_pos != number_buffer.end())
+            {
+                *dec_pos = '.';
+            }
+        }
+
+        o->write_characters(number_buffer.data(), static_cast<std::size_t>(len));
+
+        // determine if need to append ".0"
+        const bool value_is_int_like =
+            std::none_of(number_buffer.begin(), number_buffer.begin() + len + 1,
+                         [](char c)
+        {
+            return c == '.' || c == 'e';
+        });
+
+        if (value_is_int_like)
+        {
+            o->write_characters(".0", 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check whether a string is UTF-8 encoded
+
+    The function checks each byte of a string whether it is UTF-8 encoded. The
+    result of the check is stored in the @a state parameter. The function must
+    be called initially with state 0 (accept). State 1 means the string must
+    be rejected, because the current byte is not allowed. If the string is
+    completely processed, but the state is non-zero, the string ended
+    prematurely; that is, the last byte indicated more bytes should have
+    followed.
+
+    @param[in,out] state  the state of the decoding
+    @param[in,out] codep  codepoint (valid only if resulting state is UTF8_ACCEPT)
+    @param[in] byte       next byte to decode
+    @return               new state
+
+    @note The function has been edited: a std::array is used.
+
+    @copyright Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Bjoern Hoehrmann <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
+    @sa http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+    */
+    static std::uint8_t decode(std::uint8_t& state, std::uint32_t& codep, const std::uint8_t byte) noexcept
+    {
+        static const std::array<std::uint8_t, 400> utf8d =
+        {
+            {
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 00..1F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 20..3F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 40..5F
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 60..7F
+                1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, // 80..9F
+                7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, // A0..BF
+                8, 8, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, // C0..DF
+                0xA, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x3, 0x4, 0x3, 0x3, // E0..EF
+                0xB, 0x6, 0x6, 0x6, 0x5, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, 0x8, // F0..FF
+                0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x5, 0x8, 0x7, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x4, 0x6, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, // s0..s0
+                1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s1..s2
+                1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s3..s4
+                1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // s5..s6
+                1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 // s7..s8
+            }
+        };
+
+        JSON_ASSERT(byte < utf8d.size());
+        const std::uint8_t type = utf8d[byte];
+
+        codep = (state != UTF8_ACCEPT)
+                ? (byte & 0x3fu) | (codep << 6u)
+                : (0xFFu >> type) & (byte);
+
+        std::size_t index = 256u + static_cast<size_t>(state) * 16u + static_cast<size_t>(type);
+        JSON_ASSERT(index < 400);
+        state = utf8d[index];
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Overload to make the compiler happy while it is instantiating
+     * dump_integer for number_unsigned_t.
+     * Must never be called.
+     */
+    number_unsigned_t remove_sign(number_unsigned_t x)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        return x; // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Helper function for dump_integer
+     *
+     * This function takes a negative signed integer and returns its absolute
+     * value as unsigned integer. The plus/minus shuffling is necessary as we can
+     * not directly remove the sign of an arbitrary signed integer as the
+     * absolute values of INT_MIN and INT_MAX are usually not the same. See
+     * #1708 for details.
+     */
+    inline number_unsigned_t remove_sign(number_integer_t x) noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(x < 0 && x < (std::numeric_limits<number_integer_t>::max)()); // NOLINT(misc-redundant-expression)
+        return static_cast<number_unsigned_t>(-(x + 1)) + 1;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the output of the serializer
+    output_adapter_t<char> o = nullptr;
+
+    /// a (hopefully) large enough character buffer
+    std::array<char, 64> number_buffer{{}};
+
+    /// the locale
+    const std::lconv* loc = nullptr;
+    /// the locale's thousand separator character
+    const char thousands_sep = '\0';
+    /// the locale's decimal point character
+    const char decimal_point = '\0';
+
+    /// string buffer
+    std::array<char, 512> string_buffer{{}};
+
+    /// the indentation character
+    const char indent_char;
+    /// the indentation string
+    string_t indent_string;
+
+    /// error_handler how to react on decoding errors
+    const error_handler_t error_handler;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp>
+
+// #include <nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp>
+
+
+#include <functional> // less
+#include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
+#include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag, iterator_traits
+#include <memory> // allocator
+#include <stdexcept> // for out_of_range
+#include <type_traits> // enable_if, is_convertible
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/// ordered_map: a minimal map-like container that preserves insertion order
+/// for use within nlohmann::basic_json<ordered_map>
+template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
+          class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>>
+                  struct ordered_map : std::vector<std::pair<const Key, T>, Allocator>
+{
+    using key_type = Key;
+    using mapped_type = T;
+    using Container = std::vector<std::pair<const Key, T>, Allocator>;
+    using typename Container::iterator;
+    using typename Container::const_iterator;
+    using typename Container::size_type;
+    using typename Container::value_type;
+
+    // Explicit constructors instead of `using Container::Container`
+    // otherwise older compilers choke on it (GCC <= 5.5, xcode <= 9.4)
+    ordered_map(const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()) : Container{alloc} {}
+    template <class It>
+    ordered_map(It first, It last, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+        : Container{first, last, alloc} {}
+    ordered_map(std::initializer_list<T> init, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() )
+        : Container{init, alloc} {}
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(const key_type& key, T&& t)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return {it, false};
+            }
+        }
+        Container::emplace_back(key, t);
+        return {--this->end(), true};
+    }
+
+    T& operator[](const Key& key)
+    {
+        return emplace(key, T{}).first->second;
+    }
+
+    const T& operator[](const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return at(key);
+    }
+
+    T& at(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
+    }
+
+    const T& at(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
+    }
+
+    size_type erase(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                // Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
+                for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
+                {
+                    it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
+                    new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
+                }
+                Container::pop_back();
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    iterator erase(iterator pos)
+    {
+        auto it = pos;
+
+        // Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
+        for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
+            new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
+        }
+        Container::pop_back();
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    size_type count(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    iterator find(const Key& key)
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it;
+            }
+        }
+        return Container::end();
+    }
+
+    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == key)
+            {
+                return it;
+            }
+        }
+        return Container::end();
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( value_type&& value )
+    {
+        return emplace(value.first, std::move(value.second));
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( const value_type& value )
+    {
+        for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
+        {
+            if (it->first == value.first)
+            {
+                return {it, false};
+            }
+        }
+        Container::push_back(value);
+        return {--this->end(), true};
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputIt>
+    using require_input_iter = typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::iterator_category,
+            std::input_iterator_tag>::value>::type;
+
+    template<typename InputIt, typename = require_input_iter<InputIt>>
+    void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last)
+    {
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            insert(*it);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace nlohmann
+
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+    #include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+/*!
+@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief a class to store JSON values
+
+@tparam ObjectType type for JSON objects (`std::map` by default; will be used
+in @ref object_t)
+@tparam ArrayType type for JSON arrays (`std::vector` by default; will be used
+in @ref array_t)
+@tparam StringType type for JSON strings and object keys (`std::string` by
+default; will be used in @ref string_t)
+@tparam BooleanType type for JSON booleans (`bool` by default; will be used
+in @ref boolean_t)
+@tparam NumberIntegerType type for JSON integer numbers (`int64_t` by
+default; will be used in @ref number_integer_t)
+@tparam NumberUnsignedType type for JSON unsigned integer numbers (@c
+`uint64_t` by default; will be used in @ref number_unsigned_t)
+@tparam NumberFloatType type for JSON floating-point numbers (`double` by
+default; will be used in @ref number_float_t)
+@tparam BinaryType type for packed binary data for compatibility with binary
+serialization formats (`std::vector<std::uint8_t>` by default; will be used in
+@ref binary_t)
+@tparam AllocatorType type of the allocator to use (`std::allocator` by
+default)
+@tparam JSONSerializer the serializer to resolve internal calls to `to_json()`
+and `from_json()` (@ref adl_serializer by default)
+
+@requirement The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
+- Basic
+ - [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible):
+   JSON values can be default constructed. The result will be a JSON null
+   value.
+ - [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible):
+   A JSON value can be constructed from an rvalue argument.
+ - [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible):
+   A JSON value can be copy-constructed from an lvalue expression.
+ - [MoveAssignable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveAssignable):
+   A JSON value van be assigned from an rvalue argument.
+ - [CopyAssignable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyAssignable):
+   A JSON value can be copy-assigned from an lvalue expression.
+ - [Destructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Destructible):
+   JSON values can be destructed.
+- Layout
+ - [StandardLayoutType](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/StandardLayoutType):
+   JSON values have
+   [standard layout](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/data_members#Standard_layout):
+   All non-static data members are private and standard layout types, the
+   class has no virtual functions or (virtual) base classes.
+- Library-wide
+ - [EqualityComparable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/EqualityComparable):
+   JSON values can be compared with `==`, see @ref
+   operator==(const_reference,const_reference).
+ - [LessThanComparable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/LessThanComparable):
+   JSON values can be compared with `<`, see @ref
+   operator<(const_reference,const_reference).
+ - [Swappable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Swappable):
+   Any JSON lvalue or rvalue of can be swapped with any lvalue or rvalue of
+   other compatible types, using unqualified function call @ref swap().
+ - [NullablePointer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/NullablePointer):
+   JSON values can be compared against `std::nullptr_t` objects which are used
+   to model the `null` value.
+- Container
+ - [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container):
+   JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide iterator access.
+ - [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer);
+   JSON values can be used like STL containers and provide reverse iterator
+   access.
+
+@invariant The member variables @a m_value and @a m_type have the following
+relationship:
+- If `m_type == value_t::object`, then `m_value.object != nullptr`.
+- If `m_type == value_t::array`, then `m_value.array != nullptr`.
+- If `m_type == value_t::string`, then `m_value.string != nullptr`.
+The invariants are checked by member function assert_invariant().
+
+@internal
+@note ObjectType trick from https://stackoverflow.com/a/9860911
+@endinternal
+
+@see [RFC 8259: The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange
+Format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259)
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+
+@nosubgrouping
+*/
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-special-member-functions)
+{
+  private:
+    template<detail::value_t> friend struct detail::external_constructor;
+    friend ::nlohmann::json_pointer<basic_json>;
+
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::parser;
+    friend ::nlohmann::detail::serializer<basic_json>;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::iter_impl;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename CharType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::binary_writer;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType, typename InputType, typename SAX>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::binary_reader;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser;
+    friend class ::nlohmann::detail::exception;
+
+    /// workaround type for MSVC
+    using basic_json_t = NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    // convenience aliases for types residing in namespace detail;
+    using lexer = ::nlohmann::detail::lexer_base<basic_json>;
+
+    template<typename InputAdapterType>
+    static ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, InputAdapterType> parser(
+        InputAdapterType adapter,
+        detail::parser_callback_t<basic_json>cb = nullptr,
+        const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+        const bool ignore_comments = false
+                                 )
+    {
+        return ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, InputAdapterType>(std::move(adapter),
+                std::move(cb), allow_exceptions, ignore_comments);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    using primitive_iterator_t = ::nlohmann::detail::primitive_iterator_t;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    using internal_iterator = ::nlohmann::detail::internal_iterator<BasicJsonType>;
+    template<typename BasicJsonType>
+    using iter_impl = ::nlohmann::detail::iter_impl<BasicJsonType>;
+    template<typename Iterator>
+    using iteration_proxy = ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy<Iterator>;
+    template<typename Base> using json_reverse_iterator = ::nlohmann::detail::json_reverse_iterator<Base>;
+
+    template<typename CharType>
+    using output_adapter_t = ::nlohmann::detail::output_adapter_t<CharType>;
+
+    template<typename InputType>
+    using binary_reader = ::nlohmann::detail::binary_reader<basic_json, InputType>;
+    template<typename CharType> using binary_writer = ::nlohmann::detail::binary_writer<basic_json, CharType>;
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    using serializer = ::nlohmann::detail::serializer<basic_json>;
+
+  public:
+    using value_t = detail::value_t;
+    /// JSON Pointer, see @ref nlohmann::json_pointer
+    using json_pointer = ::nlohmann::json_pointer<basic_json>;
+    template<typename T, typename SFINAE>
+    using json_serializer = JSONSerializer<T, SFINAE>;
+    /// how to treat decoding errors
+    using error_handler_t = detail::error_handler_t;
+    /// how to treat CBOR tags
+    using cbor_tag_handler_t = detail::cbor_tag_handler_t;
+    /// helper type for initializer lists of basic_json values
+    using initializer_list_t = std::initializer_list<detail::json_ref<basic_json>>;
+
+    using input_format_t = detail::input_format_t;
+    /// SAX interface type, see @ref nlohmann::json_sax
+    using json_sax_t = json_sax<basic_json>;
+
+    ////////////////
+    // exceptions //
+    ////////////////
+
+    /// @name exceptions
+    /// Classes to implement user-defined exceptions.
+    /// @{
+
+    /// @copydoc detail::exception
+    using exception = detail::exception;
+    /// @copydoc detail::parse_error
+    using parse_error = detail::parse_error;
+    /// @copydoc detail::invalid_iterator
+    using invalid_iterator = detail::invalid_iterator;
+    /// @copydoc detail::type_error
+    using type_error = detail::type_error;
+    /// @copydoc detail::out_of_range
+    using out_of_range = detail::out_of_range;
+    /// @copydoc detail::other_error
+    using other_error = detail::other_error;
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // container types //
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// @name container types
+    /// The canonic container types to use @ref basic_json like any other STL
+    /// container.
+    /// @{
+
+    /// the type of elements in a basic_json container
+    using value_type = basic_json;
+
+    /// the type of an element reference
+    using reference = value_type&;
+    /// the type of an element const reference
+    using const_reference = const value_type&;
+
+    /// a type to represent differences between iterators
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    /// a type to represent container sizes
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+    /// the allocator type
+    using allocator_type = AllocatorType<basic_json>;
+
+    /// the type of an element pointer
+    using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::pointer;
+    /// the type of an element const pointer
+    using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::const_pointer;
+
+    /// an iterator for a basic_json container
+    using iterator = iter_impl<basic_json>;
+    /// a const iterator for a basic_json container
+    using const_iterator = iter_impl<const basic_json>;
+    /// a reverse iterator for a basic_json container
+    using reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::iterator>;
+    /// a const reverse iterator for a basic_json container
+    using const_reverse_iterator = json_reverse_iterator<typename basic_json::const_iterator>;
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the allocator associated with the container
+    */
+    static allocator_type get_allocator()
+    {
+        return allocator_type();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns version information on the library
+
+    This function returns a JSON object with information about the library,
+    including the version number and information on the platform and compiler.
+
+    @return JSON object holding version information
+    key         | description
+    ----------- | ---------------
+    `compiler`  | Information on the used compiler. It is an object with the following keys: `c++` (the used C++ standard), `family` (the compiler family; possible values are `clang`, `icc`, `gcc`, `ilecpp`, `msvc`, `pgcpp`, `sunpro`, and `unknown`), and `version` (the compiler version).
+    `copyright` | The copyright line for the library as string.
+    `name`      | The name of the library as string.
+    `platform`  | The used platform as string. Possible values are `win32`, `linux`, `apple`, `unix`, and `unknown`.
+    `url`       | The URL of the project as string.
+    `version`   | The version of the library. It is an object with the following keys: `major`, `minor`, and `patch` as defined by [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org), and `string` (the version string).
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example output of the `meta()`
+    function.,meta}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since 2.1.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json meta()
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+
+        result["copyright"] = "(C) 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann";
+        result["name"] = "JSON for Modern C++";
+        result["url"] = "https://github.com/nlohmann/json";
+        result["version"]["string"] =
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR) + "." +
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR) + "." +
+            std::to_string(NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH);
+        result["version"]["major"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR;
+        result["version"]["minor"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR;
+        result["version"]["patch"] = NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        result["platform"] = "win32";
+#elif defined __linux__
+        result["platform"] = "linux";
+#elif defined __APPLE__
+        result["platform"] = "apple";
+#elif defined __unix__
+        result["platform"] = "unix";
+#else
+        result["platform"] = "unknown";
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "icc"}, {"version", __INTEL_COMPILER}};
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "clang"}, {"version", __clang_version__}};
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "gcc"}, {"version", std::to_string(__GNUC__) + "." + std::to_string(__GNUC_MINOR__) + "." + std::to_string(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)}};
+#elif defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+        result["compiler"] = "hp"
+#elif defined(__IBMCPP__)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "ilecpp"}, {"version", __IBMCPP__}};
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "msvc"}, {"version", _MSC_VER}};
+#elif defined(__PGI)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "pgcpp"}, {"version", __PGI}};
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "sunpro"}, {"version", __SUNPRO_CC}};
+#else
+        result["compiler"] = {{"family", "unknown"}, {"version", "unknown"}};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+        result["compiler"]["c++"] = std::to_string(__cplusplus);
+#else
+        result["compiler"]["c++"] = "unknown";
+#endif
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////
+    // JSON value data types //
+    ///////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON value data types
+    /// The data types to store a JSON value. These types are derived from
+    /// the template arguments passed to class @ref basic_json.
+    /// @{
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14)
+    // Use transparent comparator if possible, combined with perfect forwarding
+    // on find() and count() calls prevents unnecessary string construction.
+    using object_comparator_t = std::less<>;
+#else
+    using object_comparator_t = std::less<StringType>;
+#endif
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for an object
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON objects as follows:
+    > An object is an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs,
+    > where a name is a string and a value is a string, number, boolean, null,
+    > object, or array.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
+    described below.
+
+    @tparam ObjectType  the container to store objects (e.g., `std::map` or
+    `std::unordered_map`)
+    @tparam StringType the type of the keys or names (e.g., `std::string`).
+    The comparison function `std::less<StringType>` is used to order elements
+    inside the container.
+    @tparam AllocatorType the allocator to use for objects (e.g.,
+    `std::allocator`)
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a ObjectType (`std::map`), @a StringType
+    (`std::string`), and @a AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default
+    value for @a object_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::map<
+      std::string, // key_type
+      basic_json, // value_type
+      std::less<std::string>, // key_compare
+      std::allocator<std::pair<const std::string, basic_json>> // allocator_type
+    >
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Behavior
+
+    The choice of @a object_t influences the behavior of the JSON class. With
+    the default type, objects have the following behavior:
+
+    - When all names are unique, objects will be interoperable in the sense
+      that all software implementations receiving that object will agree on
+      the name-value mappings.
+    - When the names within an object are not unique, it is unspecified which
+      one of the values for a given key will be chosen. For instance,
+      `{"key": 2, "key": 1}` could be equal to either `{"key": 1}` or
+      `{"key": 2}`.
+    - Internally, name/value pairs are stored in lexicographical order of the
+      names. Objects will also be serialized (see @ref dump) in this order.
+      For instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and `{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be stored
+      and serialized as `{"a": 2, "b": 1}`.
+    - When comparing objects, the order of the name/value pairs is irrelevant.
+      This makes objects interoperable in the sense that they will not be
+      affected by these differences. For instance, `{"b": 1, "a": 2}` and
+      `{"a": 2, "b": 1}` will be treated as equal.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+    In this class, the object's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained.
+    However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
+    runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+    @ref max_size function of a JSON object.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Objects are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
+    access to object values, a pointer of type `object_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    @sa see @ref array_t -- type for an array value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @note The order name/value pairs are added to the object is *not*
+    preserved by the library. Therefore, iterating an object may return
+    name/value pairs in a different order than they were originally stored. In
+    fact, keys will be traversed in alphabetical order as `std::map` with
+    `std::less` is used by default. Please note this behavior conforms to [RFC
+    8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259), because any order implements the
+    specified "unordered" nature of JSON objects.
+    */
+    using object_t = ObjectType<StringType,
+          basic_json,
+          object_comparator_t,
+          AllocatorType<std::pair<const StringType,
+          basic_json>>>;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for an array
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON arrays as follows:
+    > An array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameters
+    explained below.
+
+    @tparam ArrayType  container type to store arrays (e.g., `std::vector` or
+    `std::list`)
+    @tparam AllocatorType allocator to use for arrays (e.g., `std::allocator`)
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a ArrayType (`std::vector`) and @a
+    AllocatorType (`std::allocator`), the default value for @a array_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::vector<
+      basic_json, // value_type
+      std::allocator<basic_json> // allocator_type
+    >
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the maximum depth of nesting.
+
+    In this class, the array's limit of nesting is not explicitly constrained.
+    However, a maximum depth of nesting may be introduced by the compiler or
+    runtime environment. A theoretical limit can be queried by calling the
+    @ref max_size function of a JSON array.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Arrays are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is, for any
+    access to array values, a pointer of type `array_t*` must be dereferenced.
+
+    @sa see @ref object_t -- type for an object value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a string
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes JSON strings as follows:
+    > A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter
+    described below. Unicode values are split by the JSON class into
+    byte-sized characters during deserialization.
+
+    @tparam StringType  the container to store strings (e.g., `std::string`).
+    Note this container is used for keys/names in objects, see @ref object_t.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a StringType (`std::string`), the default
+    value for @a string_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    std::string
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Encoding
+
+    Strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding. Therefore, functions like
+    `std::string::size()` or `std::string::length()` return the number of
+    bytes in the string rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+
+    #### String comparison
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+    > Software implementations are typically required to test names of object
+    > members for equality. Implementations that transform the textual
+    > representation into sequences of Unicode code units and then perform the
+    > comparison numerically, code unit by code unit, are interoperable in the
+    > sense that implementations will agree in all cases on equality or
+    > inequality of two strings. For example, implementations that compare
+    > strings with escaped characters unconverted may incorrectly find that
+    > `"a\\b"` and `"a\u005Cb"` are not equal.
+
+    This implementation is interoperable as it does compare strings code unit
+    by code unit.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    String values are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is,
+    for any access to string values, a pointer of type `string_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using string_t = StringType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a boolean
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) implicitly describes a boolean as a
+    type which differentiates the two literals `true` and `false`.
+
+    To store objects in C++, a type is defined by the template parameter @a
+    BooleanType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a BooleanType (`bool`), the default value for
+    @a boolean_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    bool
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Boolean values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using boolean_t = BooleanType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (integer)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
+    parameter @a NumberIntegerType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberIntegerType (`int64_t`), the default
+    value for @a number_integer_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    int64_t
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal
+      number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For
+      instance, the C++ integer literal `010` will be serialized to `8`.
+      During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+    When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be
+    stored is `9223372036854775807` (INT64_MAX) and the minimal integer number
+    that can be stored is `-9223372036854775808` (INT64_MIN). Integer numbers
+    that are out of range will yield over/underflow when used in a
+    constructor. During deserialization, too large or small integer numbers
+    will be automatically be stored as @ref number_unsigned_t or @ref
+    number_float_t.
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+    > Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are
+    > in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are interoperable in the sense
+    > that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+    As this range is a subrange of the exactly supported range [INT64_MIN,
+    INT64_MAX], this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Integer number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_float_t -- type for number values (floating-point)
+
+    @sa see @ref number_unsigned_t -- type for number values (unsigned integer)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using number_integer_t = NumberIntegerType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (unsigned)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store unsigned integer numbers in C++, a type is defined by the
+    template parameter @a NumberUnsignedType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberUnsignedType (`uint64_t`), the
+    default value for @a number_unsigned_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    uint64_t
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in integer literals lead to an interpretation as octal
+      number. Internally, the value will be stored as decimal number. For
+      instance, the C++ integer literal `010` will be serialized to `8`.
+      During deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) specifies:
+    > An implementation may set limits on the range and precision of numbers.
+
+    When the default type is used, the maximal integer number that can be
+    stored is `18446744073709551615` (UINT64_MAX) and the minimal integer
+    number that can be stored is `0`. Integer numbers that are out of range
+    will yield over/underflow when used in a constructor. During
+    deserialization, too large or small integer numbers will be automatically
+    be stored as @ref number_integer_t or @ref number_float_t.
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) further states:
+    > Note that when such software is used, numbers that are integers and are
+    > in the range \f$[-2^{53}+1, 2^{53}-1]\f$ are interoperable in the sense
+    > that implementations will agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+    As this range is a subrange (when considered in conjunction with the
+    number_integer_t type) of the exactly supported range [0, UINT64_MAX],
+    this class's integer type is interoperable.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Integer number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_float_t -- type for number values (floating-point)
+    @sa see @ref number_integer_t -- type for number values (integer)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    using number_unsigned_t = NumberUnsignedType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a number (floating-point)
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) describes numbers as follows:
+    > The representation of numbers is similar to that used in most
+    > programming languages. A number is represented in base 10 using decimal
+    > digits. It contains an integer component that may be prefixed with an
+    > optional minus sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or an
+    > exponent part. Leading zeros are not allowed. (...) Numeric values that
+    > cannot be represented in the grammar below (such as Infinity and NaN)
+    > are not permitted.
+
+    This description includes both integer and floating-point numbers.
+    However, C++ allows more precise storage if it is known whether the number
+    is a signed integer, an unsigned integer or a floating-point number.
+    Therefore, three different types, @ref number_integer_t, @ref
+    number_unsigned_t and @ref number_float_t are used.
+
+    To store floating-point numbers in C++, a type is defined by the template
+    parameter @a NumberFloatType which chooses the type to use.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    With the default values for @a NumberFloatType (`double`), the default
+    value for @a number_float_t is:
+
+    @code {.cpp}
+    double
+    @endcode
+
+    #### Default behavior
+
+    - The restrictions about leading zeros is not enforced in C++. Instead,
+      leading zeros in floating-point literals will be ignored. Internally,
+      the value will be stored as decimal number. For instance, the C++
+      floating-point literal `01.2` will be serialized to `1.2`. During
+      deserialization, leading zeros yield an error.
+    - Not-a-number (NaN) values will be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Limits
+
+    [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259) states:
+    > This specification allows implementations to set limits on the range and
+    > precision of numbers accepted. Since software that implements IEEE
+    > 754-2008 binary64 (double precision) numbers is generally available and
+    > widely used, good interoperability can be achieved by implementations
+    > that expect no more precision or range than these provide, in the sense
+    > that implementations will approximate JSON numbers within the expected
+    > precision.
+
+    This implementation does exactly follow this approach, as it uses double
+    precision floating-point numbers. Note values smaller than
+    `-1.79769313486232e+308` and values greater than `1.79769313486232e+308`
+    will be stored as NaN internally and be serialized to `null`.
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Floating-point number values are stored directly inside a @ref basic_json
+    type.
+
+    @sa see @ref number_integer_t -- type for number values (integer)
+
+    @sa see @ref number_unsigned_t -- type for number values (unsigned integer)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using number_float_t = NumberFloatType;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief a type for a packed binary type
+
+    This type is a type designed to carry binary data that appears in various
+    serialized formats, such as CBOR's Major Type 2, MessagePack's bin, and
+    BSON's generic binary subtype. This type is NOT a part of standard JSON and
+    exists solely for compatibility with these binary types. As such, it is
+    simply defined as an ordered sequence of zero or more byte values.
+
+    Additionally, as an implementation detail, the subtype of the binary data is
+    carried around as a `std::uint8_t`, which is compatible with both of the
+    binary data formats that use binary subtyping, (though the specific
+    numbering is incompatible with each other, and it is up to the user to
+    translate between them).
+
+    [CBOR's RFC 7049](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) describes this type
+    as:
+    > Major type 2: a byte string. The string's length in bytes is represented
+    > following the rules for positive integers (major type 0).
+
+    [MessagePack's documentation on the bin type
+    family](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#bin-format-family)
+    describes this type as:
+    > Bin format family stores an byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes
+    > in addition to the size of the byte array.
+
+    [BSON's specifications](http://bsonspec.org/spec.html) describe several
+    binary types; however, this type is intended to represent the generic binary
+    type which has the description:
+    > Generic binary subtype - This is the most commonly used binary subtype and
+    > should be the 'default' for drivers and tools.
+
+    None of these impose any limitations on the internal representation other
+    than the basic unit of storage be some type of array whose parts are
+    decomposable into bytes.
+
+    The default representation of this binary format is a
+    `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, which is a very common way to represent a byte
+    array in modern C++.
+
+    #### Default type
+
+    The default values for @a BinaryType is `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`
+
+    #### Storage
+
+    Binary Arrays are stored as pointers in a @ref basic_json type. That is,
+    for any access to array values, a pointer of the type `binary_t*` must be
+    dereferenced.
+
+    #### Notes on subtypes
+
+    - CBOR
+       - Binary values are represented as byte strings. Subtypes are serialized
+         as tagged values.
+    - MessagePack
+       - If a subtype is given and the binary array contains exactly 1, 2, 4, 8,
+         or 16 elements, the fixext family (fixext1, fixext2, fixext4, fixext8)
+         is used. For other sizes, the ext family (ext8, ext16, ext32) is used.
+         The subtype is then added as singed 8-bit integer.
+       - If no subtype is given, the bin family (bin8, bin16, bin32) is used.
+    - BSON
+       - If a subtype is given, it is used and added as unsigned 8-bit integer.
+       - If no subtype is given, the generic binary subtype 0x00 is used.
+
+    @sa see @ref binary -- create a binary array
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    using binary_t = nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<BinaryType>;
+    /// @}
+
+  private:
+
+    /// helper for exception-safe object creation
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    static T* create(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        AllocatorType<T> alloc;
+        using AllocatorTraits = std::allocator_traits<AllocatorType<T>>;
+
+        auto deleter = [&](T * obj)
+        {
+            AllocatorTraits::deallocate(alloc, obj, 1);
+        };
+        std::unique_ptr<T, decltype(deleter)> obj(AllocatorTraits::allocate(alloc, 1), deleter);
+        AllocatorTraits::construct(alloc, obj.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        JSON_ASSERT(obj != nullptr);
+        return obj.release();
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////
+    // JSON value storage //
+    ////////////////////////
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    /*!
+    @brief a JSON value
+
+    The actual storage for a JSON value of the @ref basic_json class. This
+    union combines the different storage types for the JSON value types
+    defined in @ref value_t.
+
+    JSON type | value_t type    | used type
+    --------- | --------------- | ------------------------
+    object    | object          | pointer to @ref object_t
+    array     | array           | pointer to @ref array_t
+    string    | string          | pointer to @ref string_t
+    boolean   | boolean         | @ref boolean_t
+    number    | number_integer  | @ref number_integer_t
+    number    | number_unsigned | @ref number_unsigned_t
+    number    | number_float    | @ref number_float_t
+    binary    | binary          | pointer to @ref binary_t
+    null      | null            | *no value is stored*
+
+    @note Variable-length types (objects, arrays, and strings) are stored as
+    pointers. The size of the union should not exceed 64 bits if the default
+    value types are used.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    union json_value
+    {
+        /// object (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        object_t* object;
+        /// array (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        array_t* array;
+        /// string (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        string_t* string;
+        /// binary (stored with pointer to save storage)
+        binary_t* binary;
+        /// boolean
+        boolean_t boolean;
+        /// number (integer)
+        number_integer_t number_integer;
+        /// number (unsigned integer)
+        number_unsigned_t number_unsigned;
+        /// number (floating-point)
+        number_float_t number_float;
+
+        /// default constructor (for null values)
+        json_value() = default;
+        /// constructor for booleans
+        json_value(boolean_t v) noexcept : boolean(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (integer)
+        json_value(number_integer_t v) noexcept : number_integer(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (unsigned)
+        json_value(number_unsigned_t v) noexcept : number_unsigned(v) {}
+        /// constructor for numbers (floating-point)
+        json_value(number_float_t v) noexcept : number_float(v) {}
+        /// constructor for empty values of a given type
+        json_value(value_t t)
+        {
+            switch (t)
+            {
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    object = create<object_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    array = create<array_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                {
+                    string = create<string_t>("");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                {
+                    binary = create<binary_t>();
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                {
+                    boolean = boolean_t(false);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                {
+                    number_integer = number_integer_t(0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                {
+                    number_unsigned = number_unsigned_t(0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                {
+                    number_float = number_float_t(0.0);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                {
+                    object = nullptr;  // silence warning, see #821
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    object = nullptr;  // silence warning, see #821
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(t == value_t::null))
+                    {
+                        JSON_THROW(other_error::create(500, "961c151d2e87f2686a955a9be24d316f1362bf21 3.10.0", basic_json())); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for strings
+        json_value(const string_t& value)
+        {
+            string = create<string_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue strings
+        json_value(string_t&& value)
+        {
+            string = create<string_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for objects
+        json_value(const object_t& value)
+        {
+            object = create<object_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue objects
+        json_value(object_t&& value)
+        {
+            object = create<object_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for arrays
+        json_value(const array_t& value)
+        {
+            array = create<array_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue arrays
+        json_value(array_t&& value)
+        {
+            array = create<array_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for binary arrays
+        json_value(const typename binary_t::container_type& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue binary arrays
+        json_value(typename binary_t::container_type&& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for binary arrays (internal type)
+        json_value(const binary_t& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        /// constructor for rvalue binary arrays (internal type)
+        json_value(binary_t&& value)
+        {
+            binary = create<binary_t>(std::move(value));
+        }
+
+        void destroy(value_t t)
+        {
+            if (t == value_t::array || t == value_t::object)
+            {
+                // flatten the current json_value to a heap-allocated stack
+                std::vector<basic_json> stack;
+
+                // move the top-level items to stack
+                if (t == value_t::array)
+                {
+                    stack.reserve(array->size());
+                    std::move(array->begin(), array->end(), std::back_inserter(stack));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    stack.reserve(object->size());
+                    for (auto&& it : *object)
+                    {
+                        stack.push_back(std::move(it.second));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                while (!stack.empty())
+                {
+                    // move the last item to local variable to be processed
+                    basic_json current_item(std::move(stack.back()));
+                    stack.pop_back();
+
+                    // if current_item is array/object, move
+                    // its children to the stack to be processed later
+                    if (current_item.is_array())
+                    {
+                        std::move(current_item.m_value.array->begin(), current_item.m_value.array->end(), std::back_inserter(stack));
+
+                        current_item.m_value.array->clear();
+                    }
+                    else if (current_item.is_object())
+                    {
+                        for (auto&& it : *current_item.m_value.object)
+                        {
+                            stack.push_back(std::move(it.second));
+                        }
+
+                        current_item.m_value.object->clear();
+                    }
+
+                    // it's now safe that current_item get destructed
+                    // since it doesn't have any children
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (t)
+            {
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<object_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, object);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, object, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<array_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, array);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, array, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, string, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, binary, 1);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief checks the class invariants
+
+    This function asserts the class invariants. It needs to be called at the
+    end of every constructor to make sure that created objects respect the
+    invariant. Furthermore, it has to be called each time the type of a JSON
+    value is changed, because the invariant expresses a relationship between
+    @a m_type and @a m_value.
+
+    Furthermore, the parent relation is checked for arrays and objects: If
+    @a check_parents true and the value is an array or object, then the
+    container's elements must have the current value as parent.
+
+    @param[in] check_parents  whether the parent relation should be checked.
+               The value is true by default and should only be set to false
+               during destruction of objects when the invariant does not
+               need to hold.
+    */
+    void assert_invariant(bool check_parents = true) const noexcept
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::object || m_value.object != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::array || m_value.array != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::string || m_value.string != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_type != value_t::binary || m_value.binary != nullptr);
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        JSON_TRY
+        {
+            // cppcheck-suppress assertWithSideEffect
+            JSON_ASSERT(!check_parents || !is_structured() || std::all_of(begin(), end(), [this](const basic_json & j)
+            {
+                return j.m_parent == this;
+            }));
+        }
+        JSON_CATCH(...) {} // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+#endif
+        static_cast<void>(check_parents);
+    }
+
+    void set_parents()
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                for (auto& element : *m_value.array)
+                {
+                    element.m_parent = this;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                for (auto& element : *m_value.object)
+                {
+                    element.second.m_parent = this;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    iterator set_parents(iterator it, typename iterator::difference_type count)
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        for (typename iterator::difference_type i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+        {
+            (it + i)->m_parent = this;
+        }
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(count);
+#endif
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    reference set_parent(reference j, std::size_t old_capacity = std::size_t(-1))
+    {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        if (old_capacity != std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2838
+            JSON_ASSERT(type() == value_t::array);
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(m_value.array->capacity() != old_capacity))
+            {
+                // capacity has changed: update all parents
+                set_parents();
+                return j;
+            }
+        }
+
+        j.m_parent = this;
+#else
+        static_cast<void>(j);
+        static_cast<void>(old_capacity);
+#endif
+        return j;
+    }
+
+  public:
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON parser callback //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief parser event types
+
+    The parser callback distinguishes the following events:
+    - `object_start`: the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object
+    - `key`: the parser read a key of a value in an object
+    - `object_end`: the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object
+    - `array_start`: the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array
+    - `array_end`: the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array
+    - `value`: the parser finished reading a JSON value
+
+    @image html callback_events.png "Example when certain parse events are triggered"
+
+    @sa see @ref parser_callback_t for more information and examples
+    */
+    using parse_event_t = detail::parse_event_t;
+
+    /*!
+    @brief per-element parser callback type
+
+    With a parser callback function, the result of parsing a JSON text can be
+    influenced. When passed to @ref parse, it is called on certain events
+    (passed as @ref parse_event_t via parameter @a event) with a set recursion
+    depth @a depth and context JSON value @a parsed. The return value of the
+    callback function is a boolean indicating whether the element that emitted
+    the callback shall be kept or not.
+
+    We distinguish six scenarios (determined by the event type) in which the
+    callback function can be called. The following table describes the values
+    of the parameters @a depth, @a event, and @a parsed.
+
+    parameter @a event | description | parameter @a depth | parameter @a parsed
+    ------------------ | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------
+    parse_event_t::object_start | the parser read `{` and started to process a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | a JSON value with type discarded
+    parse_event_t::key | the parser read a key of a value in an object | depth of the currently parsed JSON object | a JSON string containing the key
+    parse_event_t::object_end | the parser read `}` and finished processing a JSON object | depth of the parent of the JSON object | the parsed JSON object
+    parse_event_t::array_start | the parser read `[` and started to process a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | a JSON value with type discarded
+    parse_event_t::array_end | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array | depth of the parent of the JSON array | the parsed JSON array
+    parse_event_t::value | the parser finished reading a JSON value | depth of the value | the parsed JSON value
+
+    @image html callback_events.png "Example when certain parse events are triggered"
+
+    Discarding a value (i.e., returning `false`) has different effects
+    depending on the context in which function was called:
+
+    - Discarded values in structured types are skipped. That is, the parser
+      will behave as if the discarded value was never read.
+    - In case a value outside a structured type is skipped, it is replaced
+      with `null`. This case happens if the top-level element is skipped.
+
+    @param[in] depth  the depth of the recursion during parsing
+
+    @param[in] event  an event of type parse_event_t indicating the context in
+    the callback function has been called
+
+    @param[in,out] parsed  the current intermediate parse result; note that
+    writing to this value has no effect for parse_event_t::key events
+
+    @return Whether the JSON value which called the function during parsing
+    should be kept (`true`) or not (`false`). In the latter case, it is either
+    skipped completely or replaced by an empty discarded object.
+
+    @sa see @ref parse for examples
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    using parser_callback_t = detail::parser_callback_t<basic_json>;
+
+    //////////////////
+    // constructors //
+    //////////////////
+
+    /// @name constructors and destructors
+    /// Constructors of class @ref basic_json, copy/move constructor, copy
+    /// assignment, static functions creating objects, and the destructor.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create an empty value with a given type
+
+    Create an empty JSON value with a given type. The value will be default
+    initialized with an empty value which depends on the type:
+
+    Value type  | initial value
+    ----------- | -------------
+    null        | `null`
+    boolean     | `false`
+    string      | `""`
+    number      | `0`
+    object      | `{}`
+    array       | `[]`
+    binary      | empty array
+
+    @param[in] v  the type of the value to create
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor for different @ref
+    value_t values,basic_json__value_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref clear() -- restores the postcondition of this constructor
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(const value_t v)
+        : m_type(v), m_value(v)
+    {
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a null object
+
+    Create a `null` JSON value. It either takes a null pointer as parameter
+    (explicitly creating `null`) or no parameter (implicitly creating `null`).
+    The passed null pointer itself is not read -- it is only used to choose
+    the right constructor.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with and without a
+    null pointer parameter.,basic_json__nullptr_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(std::nullptr_t = nullptr) noexcept
+        : basic_json(value_t::null)
+    {
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value
+
+    This is a "catch all" constructor for all compatible JSON types; that is,
+    types for which a `to_json()` method exists. The constructor forwards the
+    parameter @a val to that method (to `json_serializer<U>::to_json` method
+    with `U = uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`, to be exact).
+
+    Template type @a CompatibleType includes, but is not limited to, the
+    following types:
+    - **arrays**: @ref array_t and all kinds of compatible containers such as
+      `std::vector`, `std::deque`, `std::list`, `std::forward_list`,
+      `std::array`, `std::valarray`, `std::set`, `std::unordered_set`,
+      `std::multiset`, and `std::unordered_multiset` with a `value_type` from
+      which a @ref basic_json value can be constructed.
+    - **objects**: @ref object_t and all kinds of compatible associative
+      containers such as `std::map`, `std::unordered_map`, `std::multimap`,
+      and `std::unordered_multimap` with a `key_type` compatible to
+      @ref string_t and a `value_type` from which a @ref basic_json value can
+      be constructed.
+    - **strings**: @ref string_t, string literals, and all compatible string
+      containers can be used.
+    - **numbers**: @ref number_integer_t, @ref number_unsigned_t,
+      @ref number_float_t, and all convertible number types such as `int`,
+      `size_t`, `int64_t`, `float` or `double` can be used.
+    - **boolean**: @ref boolean_t / `bool` can be used.
+    - **binary**: @ref binary_t / `std::vector<std::uint8_t>` may be used,
+      unfortunately because string literals cannot be distinguished from binary
+      character arrays by the C++ type system, all types compatible with `const
+      char*` will be directed to the string constructor instead.  This is both
+      for backwards compatibility, and due to the fact that a binary type is not
+      a standard JSON type.
+
+    See the examples below.
+
+    @tparam CompatibleType a type such that:
+    - @a CompatibleType is not derived from `std::istream`,
+    - @a CompatibleType is not @ref basic_json (to avoid hijacking copy/move
+         constructors),
+    - @a CompatibleType is not a different @ref basic_json type (i.e. with different template arguments)
+    - @a CompatibleType is not a @ref basic_json nested type (e.g.,
+         @ref json_pointer, @ref iterator, etc ...)
+    - `json_serializer<U>` has a `to_json(basic_json_t&, CompatibleType&&)` method
+
+    @tparam U = `uncvref_t<CompatibleType>`
+
+    @param[in] val the value to be forwarded to the respective constructor
+
+    @complexity Usually linear in the size of the passed @a val, also
+                depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Depends on the called constructor. For types directly
+    supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no `to_json()` function
+    was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are
+    no changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows the constructor with several
+    compatible types.,basic_json__CompatibleType}
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename CompatibleType,
+               typename U = detail::uncvref_t<CompatibleType>,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_basic_json<U>::value && detail::is_compatible_type<basic_json_t, U>::value, int > = 0 >
+    basic_json(CompatibleType && val) noexcept(noexcept( // NOLINT(bugprone-forwarding-reference-overload,bugprone-exception-escape)
+                JSONSerializer<U>::to_json(std::declval<basic_json_t&>(),
+                                           std::forward<CompatibleType>(val))))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<U>::to_json(*this, std::forward<CompatibleType>(val));
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an existing one
+
+    This is a constructor for existing @ref basic_json types.
+    It does not hijack copy/move constructors, since the parameter has different
+    template arguments than the current ones.
+
+    The constructor tries to convert the internal @ref m_value of the parameter.
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType a type such that:
+    - @a BasicJsonType is a @ref basic_json type.
+    - @a BasicJsonType has different template arguments than @ref basic_json_t.
+
+    @param[in] val the @ref basic_json value to be converted.
+
+    @complexity Usually linear in the size of the passed @a val, also
+                depending on the implementation of the called `to_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Depends on the called constructor. For types directly
+    supported by the library (i.e., all types for which no `to_json()` function
+    was provided), strong guarantee holds: if an exception is thrown, there are
+    no changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template < typename BasicJsonType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value&& !std::is_same<basic_json, BasicJsonType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    basic_json(const BasicJsonType& val)
+    {
+        using other_boolean_t = typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t;
+        using other_number_float_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t;
+        using other_number_integer_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t;
+        using other_number_unsigned_t = typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t;
+        using other_string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+        using other_object_t = typename BasicJsonType::object_t;
+        using other_array_t = typename BasicJsonType::array_t;
+        using other_binary_t = typename BasicJsonType::binary_t;
+
+        switch (val.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+                JSONSerializer<other_boolean_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_boolean_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_float_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_float_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_integer_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_integer_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                JSONSerializer<other_number_unsigned_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get<other_number_unsigned_t>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::string:
+                JSONSerializer<other_string_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_string_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::object:
+                JSONSerializer<other_object_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_object_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::array:
+                JSONSerializer<other_array_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_array_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::binary:
+                JSONSerializer<other_binary_t>::to_json(*this, val.template get_ref<const other_binary_t&>());
+                break;
+            case value_t::null:
+                *this = nullptr;
+                break;
+            case value_t::discarded:
+                m_type = value_t::discarded;
+                break;
+            default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+        }
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a container (array or object) from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON value of type array or object from the passed initializer
+    list @a init. In case @a type_deduction is `true` (default), the type of
+    the JSON value to be created is deducted from the initializer list @a init
+    according to the following rules:
+
+    1. If the list is empty, an empty JSON object value `{}` is created.
+    2. If the list consists of pairs whose first element is a string, a JSON
+       object value is created where the first elements of the pairs are
+       treated as keys and the second elements are as values.
+    3. In all other cases, an array is created.
+
+    The rules aim to create the best fit between a C++ initializer list and
+    JSON values. The rationale is as follows:
+
+    1. The empty initializer list is written as `{}` which is exactly an empty
+       JSON object.
+    2. C++ has no way of describing mapped types other than to list a list of
+       pairs. As JSON requires that keys must be of type string, rule 2 is the
+       weakest constraint one can pose on initializer lists to interpret them
+       as an object.
+    3. In all other cases, the initializer list could not be interpreted as
+       JSON object type, so interpreting it as JSON array type is safe.
+
+    With the rules described above, the following JSON values cannot be
+    expressed by an initializer list:
+
+    - the empty array (`[]`): use @ref array(initializer_list_t)
+      with an empty initializer list in this case
+    - arrays whose elements satisfy rule 2: use @ref
+      array(initializer_list_t) with the same initializer list
+      in this case
+
+    @note When used without parentheses around an empty initializer list, @ref
+    basic_json() is called instead of this function, yielding the JSON null
+    value.
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list with JSON values
+
+    @param[in] type_deduction internal parameter; when set to `true`, the type
+    of the JSON value is deducted from the initializer list @a init; when set
+    to `false`, the type provided via @a manual_type is forced. This mode is
+    used by the functions @ref array(initializer_list_t) and
+    @ref object(initializer_list_t).
+
+    @param[in] manual_type internal parameter; when @a type_deduction is set
+    to `false`, the created JSON value will use the provided type (only @ref
+    value_t::array and @ref value_t::object are valid); when @a type_deduction
+    is set to `true`, this parameter has no effect
+
+    @throw type_error.301 if @a type_deduction is `false`, @a manual_type is
+    `value_t::object`, but @a init contains an element which is not a pair
+    whose first element is a string. In this case, the constructor could not
+    create an object. If @a type_deduction would have be `true`, an array
+    would have been created. See @ref object(initializer_list_t)
+    for an example.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the initializer list @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values are created from
+    initializer lists.,basic_json__list_init_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref array(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON array
+    value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref object(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON object
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(initializer_list_t init,
+               bool type_deduction = true,
+               value_t manual_type = value_t::array)
+    {
+        // check if each element is an array with two elements whose first
+        // element is a string
+        bool is_an_object = std::all_of(init.begin(), init.end(),
+                                        [](const detail::json_ref<basic_json>& element_ref)
+        {
+            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[0].is_string();
+        });
+
+        // adjust type if type deduction is not wanted
+        if (!type_deduction)
+        {
+            // if array is wanted, do not create an object though possible
+            if (manual_type == value_t::array)
+            {
+                is_an_object = false;
+            }
+
+            // if object is wanted but impossible, throw an exception
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(manual_type == value_t::object && !is_an_object))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(301, "cannot create object from initializer list", basic_json()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (is_an_object)
+        {
+            // the initializer list is a list of pairs -> create object
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+
+            for (auto& element_ref : init)
+            {
+                auto element = element_ref.moved_or_copied();
+                m_value.object->emplace(
+                    std::move(*((*element.m_value.array)[0].m_value.string)),
+                    std::move((*element.m_value.array)[1]));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // the initializer list describes an array -> create array
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value.array = create<array_t>(init.begin(), init.end());
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create a binary array (without subtype)
+
+    Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container. Binary
+    values are part of various binary formats, such as CBOR, MessagePack, and
+    BSON. This constructor is used to create a value for serialization to those
+    formats.
+
+    @note Note, this function exists because of the difficulty in correctly
+    specifying the correct template overload in the standard value ctor, as both
+    JSON arrays and JSON binary arrays are backed with some form of a
+    `std::vector`. Because JSON binary arrays are a non-standard extension it
+    was decided that it would be best to prevent automatic initialization of a
+    binary array type, for backwards compatibility and so it does not happen on
+    accident.
+
+    @param[in] init container containing bytes to use as binary type
+
+    @return JSON binary array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = init;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create a binary array (with subtype)
+
+    Creates a JSON binary array value from a given binary container. Binary
+    values are part of various binary formats, such as CBOR, MessagePack, and
+    BSON. This constructor is used to create a value for serialization to those
+    formats.
+
+    @note Note, this function exists because of the difficulty in correctly
+    specifying the correct template overload in the standard value ctor, as both
+    JSON arrays and JSON binary arrays are backed with some form of a
+    `std::vector`. Because JSON binary arrays are a non-standard extension it
+    was decided that it would be best to prevent automatic initialization of a
+    binary array type, for backwards compatibility and so it does not happen on
+    accident.
+
+    @param[in] init container containing bytes to use as binary type
+    @param[in] subtype subtype to use in MessagePack and BSON
+
+    @return JSON binary array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(const typename binary_t::container_type& init, typename binary_t::subtype_type subtype)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = binary_t(init, subtype);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc binary(const typename binary_t::container_type&)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = std::move(init);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc binary(const typename binary_t::container_type&, typename binary_t::subtype_type)
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json binary(typename binary_t::container_type&& init, typename binary_t::subtype_type subtype)
+    {
+        auto res = basic_json();
+        res.m_type = value_t::binary;
+        res.m_value = binary_t(std::move(init), subtype);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create an array from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON array value from a given initializer list. That is, given a
+    list of values `a, b, c`, creates the JSON value `[a, b, c]`. If the
+    initializer list is empty, the empty array `[]` is created.
+
+    @note This function is only needed to express two edge cases that cannot
+    be realized with the initializer list constructor (@ref
+    basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t)). These cases
+    are:
+    1. creating an array whose elements are all pairs whose first element is a
+    string -- in this case, the initializer list constructor would create an
+    object, taking the first elements as keys
+    2. creating an empty array -- passing the empty initializer list to the
+    initializer list constructor yields an empty object
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list with JSON values to create an array from
+    (optional)
+
+    @return JSON array value
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the `array`
+    function.,array}
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t) --
+    create a JSON value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref object(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON object
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json array(initializer_list_t init = {})
+    {
+        return basic_json(init, false, value_t::array);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief explicitly create an object from an initializer list
+
+    Creates a JSON object value from a given initializer list. The initializer
+    lists elements must be pairs, and their first elements must be strings. If
+    the initializer list is empty, the empty object `{}` is created.
+
+    @note This function is only added for symmetry reasons. In contrast to the
+    related function @ref array(initializer_list_t), there are
+    no cases which can only be expressed by this function. That is, any
+    initializer list @a init can also be passed to the initializer list
+    constructor @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t).
+
+    @param[in] init  initializer list to create an object from (optional)
+
+    @return JSON object value
+
+    @throw type_error.301 if @a init is not a list of pairs whose first
+    elements are strings. In this case, no object can be created. When such a
+    value is passed to @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t),
+    an array would have been created from the passed initializer list @a init.
+    See example below.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a init.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the `object`
+    function.,object}
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(initializer_list_t, bool, value_t) --
+    create a JSON value from an initializer list
+    @sa see @ref array(initializer_list_t) -- create a JSON array
+    value from an initializer list
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json object(initializer_list_t init = {})
+    {
+        return basic_json(init, false, value_t::object);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief construct an array with count copies of given value
+
+    Constructs a JSON array value by creating @a cnt copies of a passed value.
+    In case @a cnt is `0`, an empty array is created.
+
+    @param[in] cnt  the number of JSON copies of @a val to create
+    @param[in] val  the JSON value to copy
+
+    @post `std::distance(begin(),end()) == cnt` holds.
+
+    @complexity Linear in @a cnt.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows examples for the @ref
+    basic_json(size_type\, const basic_json&)
+    constructor.,basic_json__size_type_basic_json}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
+        : m_type(value_t::array)
+    {
+        m_value.array = create<array_t>(cnt, val);
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief construct a JSON container given an iterator range
+
+    Constructs the JSON value with the contents of the range `[first, last)`.
+    The semantics depends on the different types a JSON value can have:
+    - In case of a null type, invalid_iterator.206 is thrown.
+    - In case of other primitive types (number, boolean, or string), @a first
+      must be `begin()` and @a last must be `end()`. In this case, the value is
+      copied. Otherwise, invalid_iterator.204 is thrown.
+    - In case of structured types (array, object), the constructor behaves as
+      similar versions for `std::vector` or `std::map`; that is, a JSON array
+      or object is constructed from the values in the range.
+
+    @tparam InputIT an input iterator type (@ref iterator or @ref
+    const_iterator)
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range to copy from (included)
+    @param[in] last end of the range to copy from (excluded)
+
+    @pre Iterators @a first and @a last must be initialized. **This
+         precondition is enforced with an assertion (see warning).** If
+         assertions are switched off, a violation of this precondition yields
+         undefined behavior.
+
+    @pre Range `[first, last)` is valid. Usually, this precondition cannot be
+         checked efficiently. Only certain edge cases are detected; see the
+         description of the exceptions below. A violation of this precondition
+         yields undefined behavior.
+
+    @warning A precondition is enforced with a runtime assertion that will
+             result in calling `std::abort` if this precondition is not met.
+             Assertions can be disabled by defining `NDEBUG` at compile time.
+             See https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert for more
+             information.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.201 if iterators @a first and @a last are not
+    compatible (i.e., do not belong to the same JSON value). In this case,
+    the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
+    @throw invalid_iterator.204 if iterators @a first and @a last belong to a
+    primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but @a first does not point
+    to the first element any more. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is
+    undefined. See example code below.
+    @throw invalid_iterator.206 if iterators @a first and @a last belong to a
+    null value. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
+
+    @complexity Linear in distance between @a first and @a last.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several ways to create JSON values by
+    specifying a subrange with iterators.,basic_json__InputIt_InputIt}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class InputIT, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<InputIT, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)
+    {
+        JSON_ASSERT(first.m_object != nullptr);
+        JSON_ASSERT(last.m_object != nullptr);
+
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(201, "iterators are not compatible", basic_json()));
+        }
+
+        // copy type from first iterator
+        m_type = first.m_object->m_type;
+
+        // check if iterator range is complete for primitive values
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()
+                                         || !last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(204, "iterators out of range", *first.m_object));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::object:
+            case value_t::array:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value.number_integer = first.m_object->m_value.number_integer;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value.number_unsigned = first.m_object->m_value.number_unsigned;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value.number_float = first.m_object->m_value.number_float;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value.boolean = first.m_object->m_value.boolean;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value = *first.m_object->m_value.string;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value.object = create<object_t>(first.m_it.object_iterator,
+                                                  last.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value.array = create<array_t>(first.m_it.array_iterator,
+                                                last.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value = *first.m_object->m_value.binary;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(206, "cannot construct with iterators from " + std::string(first.m_object->type_name()), *first.m_object));
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+    // other constructors and destructor //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+    template<typename JsonRef,
+             detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<detail::is_json_ref<JsonRef>,
+                                 std::is_same<typename JsonRef::value_type, basic_json>>::value, int> = 0 >
+    basic_json(const JsonRef& ref) : basic_json(ref.moved_or_copied()) {}
+
+    /*!
+    @brief copy constructor
+
+    Creates a copy of a given JSON value.
+
+    @param[in] other  the JSON value to copy
+
+    @post `*this == other`
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of @a other.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes to any JSON value.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+    - As postcondition, it holds: `other == basic_json(other)`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for the copy
+    constructor.,basic_json__basic_json}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(const basic_json& other)
+        : m_type(other.m_type)
+    {
+        // check of passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.object;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.array;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.string;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.boolean;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_integer;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_unsigned;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value = other.m_value.number_float;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value = *other.m_value.binary;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief move constructor
+
+    Move constructor. Constructs a JSON value with the contents of the given
+    value @a other using move semantics. It "steals" the resources from @a
+    other and leaves it as JSON null value.
+
+    @param[in,out] other  value to move to this object
+
+    @post `*this` has the same value as @a other before the call.
+    @post @a other is a JSON null value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this constructor never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [MoveConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/MoveConstructible)
+    requirements.
+
+    @liveexample{The code below shows the move constructor explicitly called
+    via std::move.,basic_json__moveconstructor}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept
+        : m_type(std::move(other.m_type)),
+          m_value(std::move(other.m_value))
+    {
+        // check that passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant(false);
+
+        // invalidate payload
+        other.m_type = value_t::null;
+        other.m_value = {};
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief copy assignment
+
+    Copy assignment operator. Copies a JSON value via the "copy and swap"
+    strategy: It is expressed in terms of the copy constructor, destructor,
+    and the `swap()` member function.
+
+    @param[in] other  value to copy from
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The code below shows and example for the copy assignment. It
+    creates a copy of value `a` which is then swapped with `b`. Finally\, the
+    copy of `a` (which is the null value after the swap) is
+    destroyed.,basic_json__copyassignment}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json& operator=(basic_json other) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        // check that passed value is valid
+        other.assert_invariant();
+
+        using std::swap;
+        swap(m_type, other.m_type);
+        swap(m_value, other.m_value);
+
+        set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief destructor
+
+    Destroys the JSON value and frees all allocated memory.
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is linear.
+    - All stored elements are destroyed and all memory is freed.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    ~basic_json() noexcept
+    {
+        assert_invariant(false);
+        m_value.destroy(m_type);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  public:
+    ///////////////////////
+    // object inspection //
+    ///////////////////////
+
+    /// @name object inspection
+    /// Functions to inspect the type of a JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief serialization
+
+    Serialization function for JSON values. The function tries to mimic
+    Python's `json.dumps()` function, and currently supports its @a indent
+    and @a ensure_ascii parameters.
+
+    @param[in] indent If indent is nonnegative, then array elements and object
+    members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of
+    `0` will only insert newlines. `-1` (the default) selects the most compact
+    representation.
+    @param[in] indent_char The character to use for indentation if @a indent is
+    greater than `0`. The default is ` ` (space).
+    @param[in] ensure_ascii If @a ensure_ascii is true, all non-ASCII characters
+    in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the result consists
+    of ASCII characters only.
+    @param[in] error_handler  how to react on decoding errors; there are three
+    possible values: `strict` (throws and exception in case a decoding error
+    occurs; default), `replace` (replace invalid UTF-8 sequences with U+FFFD),
+    and `ignore` (ignore invalid UTF-8 sequences during serialization; all
+    bytes are copied to the output unchanged).
+
+    @return string containing the serialization of the JSON value
+
+    @throw type_error.316 if a string stored inside the JSON value is not
+                          UTF-8 encoded and @a error_handler is set to strict
+
+    @note Binary values are serialized as object containing two keys:
+      - "bytes": an array of bytes as integers
+      - "subtype": the subtype as integer or "null" if the binary has no subtype
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following example shows the effect of different @a indent\,
+    @a indent_char\, and @a ensure_ascii parameters to the result of the
+    serialization.,dump}
+
+    @see https://docs.python.org/2/library/json.html#json.dump
+
+    @since version 1.0.0; indentation character @a indent_char, option
+           @a ensure_ascii and exceptions added in version 3.0.0; error
+           handlers added in version 3.4.0; serialization of binary values added
+           in version 3.8.0.
+    */
+    string_t dump(const int indent = -1,
+                  const char indent_char = ' ',
+                  const bool ensure_ascii = false,
+                  const error_handler_t error_handler = error_handler_t::strict) const
+    {
+        string_t result;
+        serializer s(detail::output_adapter<char, string_t>(result), indent_char, error_handler);
+
+        if (indent >= 0)
+        {
+            s.dump(*this, true, ensure_ascii, static_cast<unsigned int>(indent));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            s.dump(*this, false, ensure_ascii, 0);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type of the JSON value (explicit)
+
+    Return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref value_t
+    enumeration.
+
+    @return the type of the JSON value
+            Value type                | return value
+            ------------------------- | -------------------------
+            null                      | value_t::null
+            boolean                   | value_t::boolean
+            string                    | value_t::string
+            number (integer)          | value_t::number_integer
+            number (unsigned integer) | value_t::number_unsigned
+            number (floating-point)   | value_t::number_float
+            object                    | value_t::object
+            array                     | value_t::array
+            binary                    | value_t::binary
+            discarded                 | value_t::discarded
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `type()` for all JSON
+    types.,type}
+
+    @sa see @ref operator value_t() -- return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+    @sa see @ref type_name() -- return the type as string
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr value_t type() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether type is primitive
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON type is primitive
+    (string, number, boolean, or null).
+
+    @return `true` if type is primitive (string, number, boolean, or null),
+    `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_primitive()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_primitive}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_structured() -- returns whether JSON value is structured
+    @sa see @ref is_null() -- returns whether JSON value is `null`
+    @sa see @ref is_string() -- returns whether JSON value is a string
+    @sa see @ref is_boolean() -- returns whether JSON value is a boolean
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- returns whether JSON value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_binary() -- returns whether JSON value is a binary array
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_primitive() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_null() || is_string() || is_boolean() || is_number() || is_binary();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether type is structured
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON type is structured
+    (array or object).
+
+    @return `true` if type is structured (array or object), `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_structured()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_structured}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_primitive() -- returns whether value is primitive
+    @sa see @ref is_array() -- returns whether value is an array
+    @sa see @ref is_object() -- returns whether value is an object
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_structured() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() || is_object();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is null
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is null.
+
+    @return `true` if type is null, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_null()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_null}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_null() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::null;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a boolean
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a boolean.
+
+    @return `true` if type is boolean, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_boolean()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_boolean}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_boolean() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::boolean;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a number. This
+    includes both integer (signed and unsigned) and floating-point values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is number (regardless whether integer, unsigned
+    integer or floating-type), `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_number}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer or unsigned
+    integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number() const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() || is_number_float();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an integer number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a signed or
+    unsigned integer number. This excludes floating-point values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is an integer or unsigned integer number, `false`
+    otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_integer()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_integer}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_integer() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_integer || m_type == value_t::number_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an unsigned integer number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an unsigned
+    integer number. This excludes floating-point and signed integer values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is an unsigned integer number, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_unsigned()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_unsigned}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is a number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer or unsigned
+    integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_float() -- check if value is a floating-point number
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_unsigned() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_unsigned;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a floating-point number
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a
+    floating-point number. This excludes signed and unsigned integer values.
+
+    @return `true` if type is a floating-point number, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_number_float()` for all
+    JSON types.,is_number_float}
+
+    @sa see @ref is_number() -- check if value is number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_integer() -- check if value is an integer number
+    @sa see @ref is_number_unsigned() -- check if value is an unsigned integer
+    number
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_number_float() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::number_float;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an object
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an object.
+
+    @return `true` if type is object, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_object()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_object}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_object() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::object;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is an array
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is an array.
+
+    @return `true` if type is array, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_array()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_array}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_array() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::array;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a string
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a string.
+
+    @return `true` if type is string, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_string()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_string}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_string() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::string;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is a binary array
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value is a binary array.
+
+    @return `true` if type is binary array, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_binary()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_binary}
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_binary() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::binary;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return whether value is discarded
+
+    This function returns true if and only if the JSON value was discarded
+    during parsing with a callback function (see @ref parser_callback_t).
+
+    @note This function will always be `false` for JSON values after parsing.
+    That is, discarded values can only occur during parsing, but will be
+    removed when inside a structured value or replaced by null in other cases.
+
+    @return `true` if type is discarded, `false` otherwise.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `is_discarded()` for all JSON
+    types.,is_discarded}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr bool is_discarded() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type == value_t::discarded;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+
+    Implicitly return the type of the JSON value as a value from the @ref
+    value_t enumeration.
+
+    @return the type of the JSON value
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this member function never throws
+    exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies the @ref value_t operator for
+    all JSON types.,operator__value_t}
+
+    @sa see @ref type() -- return the type of the JSON value (explicit)
+    @sa see @ref type_name() -- return the type as string
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    constexpr operator value_t() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_type;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  private:
+    //////////////////
+    // value access //
+    //////////////////
+
+    /// get a boolean (explicit)
+    boolean_t get_impl(boolean_t* /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_boolean()))
+        {
+            return m_value.boolean;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be boolean, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (object)
+    object_t* get_impl_ptr(object_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (object)
+    constexpr const object_t* get_impl_ptr(const object_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (array)
+    array_t* get_impl_ptr(array_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (array)
+    constexpr const array_t* get_impl_ptr(const array_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_array() ? m_value.array : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (string)
+    string_t* get_impl_ptr(string_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (string)
+    constexpr const string_t* get_impl_ptr(const string_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_string() ? m_value.string : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
+    boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(boolean_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (boolean)
+    constexpr const boolean_t* get_impl_ptr(const boolean_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_boolean() ? &m_value.boolean : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
+    number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(number_integer_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (integer number)
+    constexpr const number_integer_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_integer_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_integer() ? &m_value.number_integer : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (unsigned number)
+    number_unsigned_t* get_impl_ptr(number_unsigned_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_unsigned() ? &m_value.number_unsigned : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (unsigned number)
+    constexpr const number_unsigned_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_unsigned_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_unsigned() ? &m_value.number_unsigned : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
+    number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(number_float_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (floating-point number)
+    constexpr const number_float_t* get_impl_ptr(const number_float_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_number_float() ? &m_value.number_float : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (binary)
+    binary_t* get_impl_ptr(binary_t* /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return is_binary() ? m_value.binary : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// get a pointer to the value (binary)
+    constexpr const binary_t* get_impl_ptr(const binary_t* /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return is_binary() ? m_value.binary : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief helper function to implement get_ref()
+
+    This function helps to implement get_ref() without code duplication for
+    const and non-const overloads
+
+    @tparam ThisType will be deduced as `basic_json` or `const basic_json`
+
+    @throw type_error.303 if ReferenceType does not match underlying value
+    type of the current JSON
+    */
+    template<typename ReferenceType, typename ThisType>
+    static ReferenceType get_ref_impl(ThisType& obj)
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr<>()
+        auto* ptr = obj.template get_ptr<typename std::add_pointer<ReferenceType>::type>();
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(ptr != nullptr))
+        {
+            return *ptr;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(303, "incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is " + std::string(obj.type_name()), obj));
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /// @name value access
+    /// Direct access to the stored value of a JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
+    made.
+
+    @warning Writing data to the pointee of the result yields an undefined
+    state.
+
+    @tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
+    object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t,
+    @ref number_unsigned_t, or @ref number_float_t. Enforced by a static
+    assertion.
+
+    @return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
+    JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
+    `nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
+    match.,get_ptr}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    auto get_ptr() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<basic_json_t&>().get_impl_ptr(std::declval<PointerType>()))
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>()
+        return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<PointerType>(nullptr));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (implicit)
+    @copydoc get_ptr()
+    */
+    template < typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value&&
+                   std::is_const<typename std::remove_pointer<PointerType>::type>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    constexpr auto get_ptr() const noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().get_impl_ptr(std::declval<PointerType>()))
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_impl_ptr<>() const
+        return get_impl_ptr(static_cast<PointerType>(nullptr));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value
+    which is [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible)
+    and [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible).
+    The value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ValueType ret;
+    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
+    return ret;
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json,
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`, and
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> does not have a `from_json()` method of
+      the form `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,get__ValueType_const}
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_default_constructible<ValueType>::value&&
+                   detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<0> /*unused*/) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), std::declval<ValueType&>())))
+    {
+        ValueType ret{};
+        JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit); special case
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value
+    which is **not** [CopyConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/CopyConstructible)
+    and **not** [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible).
+    The value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    return JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this);
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json and
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)`
+
+    @note If @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has both overloads of
+    `from_json()`, this one is chosen.
+
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::has_non_default_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<1> /*unused*/) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>())))
+    {
+        return JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get special-case overload
+
+    This overloads converts the current @ref basic_json in a different
+    @ref basic_json type
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType == @ref basic_json
+
+    @return a copy of *this, converted into @a BasicJsonType
+
+    @complexity Depending on the implementation of the called `from_json()`
+                method.
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template < typename BasicJsonType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    BasicJsonType get_impl(detail::priority_tag<2> /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get special-case overload
+
+    This overloads avoids a lot of template boilerplate, it can be seen as the
+    identity method
+
+    @tparam BasicJsonType == @ref basic_json
+
+    @return a copy of *this
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename BasicJsonType,
+             detail::enable_if_t<
+                 std::is_same<BasicJsonType, basic_json_t>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    basic_json get_impl(detail::priority_tag<3> /*unused*/) const
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (explicit)
+    @copydoc get()
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType,
+             detail::enable_if_t<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    constexpr auto get_impl(detail::priority_tag<4> /*unused*/) const noexcept
+    -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_ptr<PointerType>())
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr
+        return get_ptr<PointerType>();
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief get a (pointer) value (explicit)
+
+    Performs explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value if required.
+
+    - If the requested type is a pointer to the internally stored JSON value that pointer is returned.
+    No copies are made.
+
+    - If the requested type is the current @ref basic_json, or a different @ref basic_json convertible
+    from the current @ref basic_json.
+
+    - Otherwise the value is converted by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()`
+    method.
+
+    @tparam ValueTypeCV the provided value type
+    @tparam ValueType the returned value type
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @tparam ValueType if necessary
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws if conversion is required
+
+    @since version 2.1.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueTypeCV, typename ValueType = detail::uncvref_t<ValueTypeCV>>
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_14)
+    constexpr
+#endif
+    auto get() const noexcept(
+    noexcept(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {})))
+    -> decltype(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>().template get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {}))
+    {
+        // we cannot static_assert on ValueTypeCV being non-const, because
+        // there is support for get<const basic_json_t>(), which is why we
+        // still need the uncvref
+        static_assert(!std::is_reference<ValueTypeCV>::value,
+                      "get() cannot be used with reference types, you might want to use get_ref()");
+        return get_impl<ValueType>(detail::priority_tag<4> {});
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a pointer value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are
+    made.
+
+    @warning The pointer becomes invalid if the underlying JSON object
+    changes.
+
+    @tparam PointerType pointer type; must be a pointer to @ref array_t, @ref
+    object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t,
+    @ref number_unsigned_t, or @ref number_float_t.
+
+    @return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
+    JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
+    `nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
+    match.,get__PointerType}
+
+    @sa see @ref get_ptr() for explicit pointer-member access
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename PointerType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_pointer<PointerType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    auto get() noexcept -> decltype(std::declval<basic_json_t&>().template get_ptr<PointerType>())
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get_ptr
+        return get_ptr<PointerType>();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (explicit)
+
+    Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value.
+    The value is filled into the input parameter by calling the @ref json_serializer<ValueType>
+    `from_json()` method.
+
+    The function is equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    ValueType v;
+    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, v);
+    @endcode
+
+    This overloads is chosen if:
+    - @a ValueType is not @ref basic_json,
+    - @ref json_serializer<ValueType> has a `from_json()` method of the form
+      `void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&)`, and
+
+    @tparam ValueType the input parameter type.
+
+    @return the input parameter, allowing chaining calls.
+
+    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,get_to}
+
+    @since version 3.3.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType,
+               detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>::value&&
+                   detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value,
+                   int > = 0 >
+    ValueType & get_to(ValueType& v) const noexcept(noexcept(
+                JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), v)))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, v);
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    // specialization to allow to call get_to with a basic_json value
+    // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2175
+    template<typename ValueType,
+             detail::enable_if_t <
+                 detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>::value,
+                 int> = 0>
+    ValueType & get_to(ValueType& v) const
+    {
+        v = *this;
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename T, std::size_t N,
+        typename Array = T (&)[N], // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+        detail::enable_if_t <
+            detail::has_from_json<basic_json_t, Array>::value, int > = 0 >
+    Array get_to(T (&v)[N]) const // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+    noexcept(noexcept(JSONSerializer<Array>::from_json(
+                          std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), v)))
+    {
+        JSONSerializer<Array>::from_json(*this, v);
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a reference value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit reference access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies
+    are made.
+
+    @warning Writing data to the referee of the result yields an undefined
+    state.
+
+    @tparam ReferenceType reference type; must be a reference to @ref array_t,
+    @ref object_t, @ref string_t, @ref boolean_t, @ref number_integer_t, or
+    @ref number_float_t. Enforced by static assertion.
+
+    @return reference to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
+    reference type @a ReferenceType fits to the JSON value; throws
+    type_error.303 otherwise
+
+    @throw type_error.303 in case passed type @a ReferenceType is incompatible
+    with the stored JSON value; see example below
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows several calls to `get_ref()`.,get_ref}
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename ReferenceType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_reference<ReferenceType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    ReferenceType get_ref()
+    {
+        // delegate call to get_ref_impl
+        return get_ref_impl<ReferenceType>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a reference value (implicit)
+    @copydoc get_ref()
+    */
+    template < typename ReferenceType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_reference<ReferenceType>::value&&
+                   std::is_const<typename std::remove_reference<ReferenceType>::type>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    ReferenceType get_ref() const
+    {
+        // delegate call to get_ref_impl
+        return get_ref_impl<ReferenceType>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief get a value (implicit)
+
+    Implicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value.
+    The call is realized by calling @ref get() const.
+
+    @tparam ValueType non-pointer type compatible to the JSON value, for
+    instance `int` for JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or
+    `std::vector` types for JSON arrays. The character type of @ref string_t
+    as well as an initializer list of this type is excluded to avoid
+    ambiguities as these types implicitly convert to `std::string`.
+
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to type @a ValueType
+
+    @throw type_error.302 in case passed type @a ValueType is incompatible
+    to the JSON value type (e.g., the JSON value is of type boolean, but a
+    string is requested); see example below
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,operator__ValueType}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < typename ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   detail::conjunction <
+                       detail::negation<std::is_pointer<ValueType>>,
+                       detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, detail::json_ref<basic_json>>>,
+                                        detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, typename string_t::value_type>>,
+                                        detail::negation<detail::is_basic_json<ValueType>>,
+                                        detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::initializer_list<typename string_t::value_type>>>,
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && (defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910 && _MSC_VER <= 1914))
+                                                detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::string_view>>,
+#endif
+                                                detail::is_detected_lazy<detail::get_template_function, const basic_json_t&, ValueType>
+                                                >::value, int >::type = 0 >
+                                        JSON_EXPLICIT operator ValueType() const
+    {
+        // delegate the call to get<>() const
+        return get<ValueType>();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @return reference to the binary value
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if the value is not binary
+
+    @sa see @ref is_binary() to check if the value is binary
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    binary_t& get_binary()
+    {
+        if (!is_binary())
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return *get_ptr<binary_t*>();
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc get_binary()
+    const binary_t& get_binary() const
+    {
+        if (!is_binary())
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, "type must be binary, but is " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return *get_ptr<const binary_t*>();
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // element access //
+    ////////////////////
+
+    /// @name element access
+    /// Access to the JSON value.
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx, with
+    bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an array; in this case,
+    calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
+    that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
+    written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that
+    can be thrown.,at__size_type}
+    */
+    reference at(size_type idx)
+    {
+        // at only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return set_parent(m_value.array->at(idx));
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an array; in this case,
+    calling `at` with an index makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if the index @a idx is out of range of the array;
+    that is, `idx >= size()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
+    `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that can be thrown.,
+    at__size_type_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(size_type idx) const
+    {
+        // at only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return m_value.array->at(idx);
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key, with
+    bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an object; in this case,
+    calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
+    that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that
+    can be thrown.,at__object_t_key_type}
+    */
+    reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return set_parent(m_value.object->at(key));
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + key + "' not found", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with bounds checking
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.304 if the JSON value is not an object; in this case,
+    calling `at` with a key makes no sense. See example below.
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the key @a key is is not stored in the object;
+    that is, `find(key) == end()`. See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    `at()`. It also demonstrates the different exceptions that can be thrown.,
+    at__object_t_key_type_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return m_value.object->at(key);
+            }
+            JSON_CATCH (std::out_of_range&)
+            {
+                // create better exception explanation
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + key + "' not found", *this));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, "cannot use at() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
+
+    @note If @a idx is beyond the range of the array (i.e., `idx >= size()`),
+    then the array is silently filled up with `null` values to make `idx` a
+    valid reference to the last stored element.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an array or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with an index makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Constant if @a idx is in the range of the array. Otherwise
+    linear in `idx - size()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read and
+    written using `[]` operator. Note the addition of `null`
+    values.,operatorarray__size_type}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](size_type idx)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value.array = create<array_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // operator[] only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // fill up array with null values if given idx is outside range
+            if (idx >= m_value.array->size())
+            {
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                // remember array size before resizing
+                const auto previous_size = m_value.array->size();
+#endif
+                m_value.array->resize(idx + 1);
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                // set parent for values added above
+                set_parents(begin() + static_cast<typename iterator::difference_type>(previous_size), static_cast<typename iterator::difference_type>(idx + 1 - previous_size));
+#endif
+            }
+
+            return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified array element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at specified location @a idx.
+
+    @param[in] idx  index of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at index @a idx
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an array; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with an index makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how array elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__size_type_const}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](size_type idx) const
+    {
+        // const operator[] only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            return m_value.array->operator[](idx);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
+
+    @note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
+    the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
+    In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // operator[] only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return set_parent(m_value.object->operator[](key));
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief read-only access specified object element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
+    bounds checking is performed.
+
+    @warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
+    undefined.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @pre The element with key @a key must exist. **This precondition is
+         enforced with an assertion.**
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key) const
+    {
+        // const operator[] only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end());
+            return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified key @a key.
+
+    @note If @a key is not found in the object, then it is silently added to
+    the object and filled with a `null` value to make `key` a valid reference.
+    In case the value was `null` before, it is converted to an object.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object or null; in that
+    cases, using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read and
+    written using the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    reference operator[](T* key)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null to object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return set_parent(m_value.object->operator[](key));
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief read-only access specified object element
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified key @a key. No
+    bounds checking is performed.
+
+    @warning If the element with key @a key does not exist, the behavior is
+    undefined.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+
+    @return const reference to the element at key @a key
+
+    @pre The element with key @a key must exist. **This precondition is
+         enforced with an assertion.**
+
+    @throw type_error.305 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using the [] operator with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be read using
+    the `[]` operator.,operatorarray__key_type_const}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref value() for access by value with a default value
+
+    @since version 1.1.0
+    */
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    const_reference operator[](T* key) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_ASSERT(m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end());
+            return m_value.object->find(key)->second;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(305, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element with default value
+
+    Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key @a key
+    or a given default value if no element with key @a key exists.
+
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    try {
+        return at(key);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Unlike @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&), this function
+    does not throw if the given key @a key was not found.
+
+    @note Unlike @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type& key), this
+    function does not implicitly add an element to the position defined by @a
+    key. This function is furthermore also applicable to const objects.
+
+    @param[in] key  key of the element to access
+    @param[in] default_value  the value to return if @a key is not found
+
+    @tparam ValueType type compatible to JSON values, for instance `int` for
+    JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or `std::vector` types for
+    JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at @a key and the default
+    value @a default_value must be compatible.
+
+    @return copy of the element at key @a key or @a default_value if @a key
+    is not found
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if @a default_value does not match the type of the
+    value at @a key
+    @throw type_error.306 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be queried
+    with a default value.,basic_json__value}
+
+    @sa see @ref at(const typename object_t::key_type&) for access by reference
+    with range checking
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const typename object_t::key_type&) for unchecked
+    access by reference
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    // using std::is_convertible in a std::enable_if will fail when using explicit conversions
+    template < class ValueType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   detail::is_getable<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value
+                   && !std::is_same<value_t, ValueType>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    ValueType value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, const ValueType& default_value) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            // if key is found, return value and given default value otherwise
+            const auto it = find(key);
+            if (it != end())
+            {
+                return it->template get<ValueType>();
+            }
+
+            return default_value;
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(306, "cannot use value() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief overload for a default value of type const char*
+    @copydoc basic_json::value(const typename object_t::key_type&, const ValueType&) const
+    */
+    string_t value(const typename object_t::key_type& key, const char* default_value) const
+    {
+        return value(key, string_t(default_value));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified object element via JSON Pointer with default value
+
+    Returns either a copy of an object's element at the specified key @a key
+    or a given default value if no element with key @a key exists.
+
+    The function is basically equivalent to executing
+    @code {.cpp}
+    try {
+        return at(ptr);
+    } catch(out_of_range) {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Unlike @ref at(const json_pointer&), this function does not throw
+    if the given key @a key was not found.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON pointer to the element to access
+    @param[in] default_value  the value to return if @a ptr found no value
+
+    @tparam ValueType type compatible to JSON values, for instance `int` for
+    JSON integer numbers, `bool` for JSON booleans, or `std::vector` types for
+    JSON arrays. Note the type of the expected value at @a key and the default
+    value @a default_value must be compatible.
+
+    @return copy of the element at key @a key or @a default_value if @a key
+    is not found
+
+    @throw type_error.302 if @a default_value does not match the type of the
+    value at @a ptr
+    @throw type_error.306 if the JSON value is not an object; in that case,
+    using `value()` with a key makes no sense.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how object elements can be queried
+    with a default value.,basic_json__value_ptr}
+
+    @sa see @ref operator[](const json_pointer&) for unchecked access by reference
+
+    @since version 2.0.2
+    */
+    template<class ValueType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 detail::is_getable<basic_json_t, ValueType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    ValueType value(const json_pointer& ptr, const ValueType& default_value) const
+    {
+        // at only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            // if pointer resolves a value, return it or use default value
+            JSON_TRY
+            {
+                return ptr.get_checked(this).template get<ValueType>();
+            }
+            JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (out_of_range&)
+            {
+                return default_value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(306, "cannot use value() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief overload for a default value of type const char*
+    @copydoc basic_json::value(const json_pointer&, ValueType) const
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    string_t value(const json_pointer& ptr, const char* default_value) const
+    {
+        return value(ptr, string_t(default_value));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access the first element
+
+    Returns a reference to the first element in the container. For a JSON
+    container `c`, the expression `c.front()` is equivalent to `*c.begin()`.
+
+    @return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
+    first element is returned. In case of number, string, boolean, or binary
+    values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @pre The JSON value must not be `null` (would throw `std::out_of_range`)
+    or an empty array or object (undefined behavior, **guarded by
+    assertions**).
+    @post The JSON value remains unchanged.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.214 when called on `null` value
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `front()`.,front}
+
+    @sa see @ref back() -- access the last element
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference front()
+    {
+        return *begin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::front()
+    */
+    const_reference front() const
+    {
+        return *cbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access the last element
+
+    Returns a reference to the last element in the container. For a JSON
+    container `c`, the expression `c.back()` is equivalent to
+    @code {.cpp}
+    auto tmp = c.end();
+    --tmp;
+    return *tmp;
+    @endcode
+
+    @return In case of a structured type (array or object), a reference to the
+    last element is returned. In case of number, string, boolean, or binary
+    values, a reference to the value is returned.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @pre The JSON value must not be `null` (would throw `std::out_of_range`)
+    or an empty array or object (undefined behavior, **guarded by
+    assertions**).
+    @post The JSON value remains unchanged.
+
+    @throw invalid_iterator.214 when called on a `null` value. See example
+    below.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `back()`.,back}
+
+    @sa see @ref front() -- access the first element
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reference back()
+    {
+        auto tmp = end();
+        --tmp;
+        return *tmp;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::back()
+    */
+    const_reference back() const
+    {
+        auto tmp = cend();
+        --tmp;
+        return *tmp;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element given an iterator
+
+    Removes the element specified by iterator @a pos. The iterator @a pos must
+    be valid and dereferenceable. Thus the `end()` iterator (which is valid,
+    but is not dereferenceable) cannot be used as a value for @a pos.
+
+    If called on a primitive type other than `null`, the resulting JSON value
+    will be `null`.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator to the element to remove
+    @return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a
+    pos refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator is returned.
+
+    @tparam IteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
+
+    @post Invalidates iterators and references at or after the point of the
+    erase, including the `end()` iterator.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
+    erase() with null"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if called on an iterator which does not belong
+    to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current
+    value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.205 if called on a primitive type with invalid
+    iterator (i.e., any iterator which is not `begin()`); example: `"iterator
+    out of range"`
+
+    @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
+    - objects: amortized constant
+    - arrays: linear in distance between @a pos and the end of the container
+    - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+    - other types: constant
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `erase()` for different JSON
+    types.,erase__IteratorType}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class IteratorType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type
+               = 0 >
+    IteratorType erase(IteratorType pos)
+    {
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(this != pos.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        IteratorType result = end();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!pos.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(205, "iterator out of range", *this));
+                }
+
+                if (is_string())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.string, 1);
+                    m_value.string = nullptr;
+                }
+                else if (is_binary())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.binary, 1);
+                    m_value.binary = nullptr;
+                }
+
+                m_type = value_t::null;
+                assert_invariant();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(pos.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(pos.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove elements given an iterator range
+
+    Removes the element specified by the range `[first; last)`. The iterator
+    @a first does not need to be dereferenceable if `first == last`: erasing
+    an empty range is a no-op.
+
+    If called on a primitive type other than `null`, the resulting JSON value
+    will be `null`.
+
+    @param[in] first iterator to the beginning of the range to remove
+    @param[in] last iterator past the end of the range to remove
+    @return Iterator following the last removed element. If the iterator @a
+    second refers to the last element, the `end()` iterator is returned.
+
+    @tparam IteratorType an @ref iterator or @ref const_iterator
+
+    @post Invalidates iterators and references at or after the point of the
+    erase, including the `end()` iterator.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 if called on a `null` value; example: `"cannot use
+    erase() with null"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.203 if called on iterators which does not belong
+    to the current JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit current value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.204 if called on a primitive type with invalid
+    iterators (i.e., if `first != begin()` and `last != end()`); example:
+    `"iterators out of range"`
+
+    @complexity The complexity depends on the type:
+    - objects: `log(size()) + std::distance(first, last)`
+    - arrays: linear in the distance between @a first and @a last, plus linear
+      in the distance between @a last and end of the container
+    - strings and binary: linear in the length of the member
+    - other types: constant
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the result of `erase()` for different JSON
+    types.,erase__IteratorType_IteratorType}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template < class IteratorType, typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::iterator>::value ||
+                   std::is_same<IteratorType, typename basic_json_t::const_iterator>::value, int >::type
+               = 0 >
+    IteratorType erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        // make sure iterator fits the current value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(this != first.m_object || this != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(203, "iterators do not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        IteratorType result = end();
+
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(!first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()
+                                       || !last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(204, "iterators out of range", *this));
+                }
+
+                if (is_string())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<string_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.string);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.string, 1);
+                    m_value.string = nullptr;
+                }
+                else if (is_binary())
+                {
+                    AllocatorType<binary_t> alloc;
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::destroy(alloc, m_value.binary);
+                    std::allocator_traits<decltype(alloc)>::deallocate(alloc, m_value.binary, 1);
+                    m_value.binary = nullptr;
+                }
+
+                m_type = value_t::null;
+                assert_invariant();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->erase(first.m_it.object_iterator,
+                                              last.m_it.object_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->erase(first.m_it.array_iterator,
+                                             last.m_it.array_iterator);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element from a JSON object given a key
+
+    Removes elements from a JSON object with the key value @a key.
+
+    @param[in] key value of the elements to remove
+
+    @return Number of elements removed. If @a ObjectType is the default
+    `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was not
+    found) or `1` (@a key was found).
+
+    @post References and iterators to the erased elements are invalidated.
+    Other references and iterators are not affected.
+
+    @throw type_error.307 when called on a type other than JSON object;
+    example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+
+    @complexity `log(size()) + count(key)`
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the effect of `erase()`.,erase__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const size_type) -- removes the element from an array at
+    the given index
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type erase(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
+    {
+        // this erase only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            return m_value.object->erase(key);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief remove element from a JSON array given an index
+
+    Removes element from a JSON array at the index @a idx.
+
+    @param[in] idx index of the element to remove
+
+    @throw type_error.307 when called on a type other than JSON object;
+    example: `"cannot use erase() with null"`
+    @throw out_of_range.401 when `idx >= size()`; example: `"array index 17
+    is out of range"`
+
+    @complexity Linear in distance between @a idx and the end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the effect of `erase()`.,erase__size_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType) -- removes the element at a given position
+    @sa see @ref erase(IteratorType, IteratorType) -- removes the elements in
+    the given range
+    @sa see @ref erase(const typename object_t::key_type&) -- removes the element
+    from an object at the given key
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void erase(const size_type idx)
+    {
+        // this erase only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx >= size()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", *this));
+            }
+
+            m_value.array->erase(m_value.array->begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(idx));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, "cannot use erase() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ////////////
+    // lookup //
+    ////////////
+
+    /// @name lookup
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief find an element in a JSON object
+
+    Finds an element in a JSON object with key equivalent to @a key. If the
+    element is not found or the JSON value is not an object, end() is
+    returned.
+
+    @note This method always returns @ref end() when executed on a JSON type
+          that is not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value of the element to search for.
+
+    @return Iterator to an element with key equivalent to @a key. If no such
+    element is found or the JSON value is not an object, past-the-end (see
+    @ref end()) iterator is returned.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `find()` is used.,find__key_type}
+
+    @sa see @ref contains(KeyT&&) const -- checks whether a key exists
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    iterator find(KeyT&& key)
+    {
+        auto result = end();
+
+        if (is_object())
+        {
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief find an element in a JSON object
+    @copydoc find(KeyT&&)
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    const_iterator find(KeyT&& key) const
+    {
+        auto result = cend();
+
+        if (is_object())
+        {
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the number of occurrences of a key in a JSON object
+
+    Returns the number of elements with key @a key. If ObjectType is the
+    default `std::map` type, the return value will always be `0` (@a key was
+    not found) or `1` (@a key was found).
+
+    @note This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is
+          not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value of the element to count
+
+    @return Number of elements with key @a key. If the JSON value is not an
+    object, the return value will be `0`.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `count()` is used.,count}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    template<typename KeyT>
+    size_type count(KeyT&& key) const
+    {
+        // return 0 for all nonobject types
+        return is_object() ? m_value.object->count(std::forward<KeyT>(key)) : 0;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object
+
+    Check whether an element exists in a JSON object with key equivalent to
+    @a key. If the element is not found or the JSON value is not an object,
+    false is returned.
+
+    @note This method always returns false when executed on a JSON type
+          that is not an object.
+
+    @param[in] key key value to check its existence.
+
+    @return true if an element with specified @a key exists. If no such
+    element with such key is found or the JSON value is not an object,
+    false is returned.
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `contains()`.,contains}
+
+    @sa see @ref find(KeyT&&) -- returns an iterator to an object element
+    @sa see @ref contains(const json_pointer&) const -- checks the existence for a JSON pointer
+
+    @since version 3.6.0
+    */
+    template < typename KeyT, typename std::enable_if <
+                   !std::is_same<typename std::decay<KeyT>::type, json_pointer>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    bool contains(KeyT && key) const
+    {
+        return is_object() && m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyT>(key)) != m_value.object->end();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object given a JSON pointer
+
+    Check whether the given JSON pointer @a ptr can be resolved in the current
+    JSON value.
+
+    @note This method can be executed on any JSON value type.
+
+    @param[in] ptr JSON pointer to check its existence.
+
+    @return true if the JSON pointer can be resolved to a stored value, false
+    otherwise.
+
+    @post If `j.contains(ptr)` returns true, it is safe to call `j[ptr]`.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `contains()`.,contains_json_pointer}
+
+    @sa see @ref contains(KeyT &&) const -- checks the existence of a key
+
+    @since version 3.7.0
+    */
+    bool contains(const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.contains(this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ///////////////
+    // iterators //
+    ///////////////
+
+    /// @name iterators
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the first element
+
+    Returns an iterator to the first element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return iterator to the first element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `begin()`.,begin}
+
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        result.set_begin();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::cbegin()
+    */
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return cbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const iterator to the first element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to the first element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return const iterator to the first element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).begin()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `cbegin()`.,cbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        const_iterator result(this);
+        result.set_begin();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to one past the last element
+
+    Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return iterator one past the last element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `end()`.,end}
+
+    @sa see @ref cend() -- returns a const iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        result.set_end();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::cend()
+    */
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return cend();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const iterator to one past the last element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to one past the last element.
+
+    @image html range-begin-end.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @return const iterator one past the last element
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).end()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `cend()`.,cend}
+
+    @sa see @ref end() -- returns an iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref begin() -- returns an iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref cbegin() -- returns a const iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        const_iterator result(this);
+        result.set_end();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning
+
+    Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(end())`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `rbegin()`.,rbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(end());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::crbegin()
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return crbegin();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns an iterator to the reverse-end
+
+    Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first
+    element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `reverse_iterator(begin())`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `rend()`.,rend}
+
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    reverse_iterator rend() noexcept
+    {
+        return reverse_iterator(begin());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc basic_json::crend()
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return crend();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const reverse iterator to the last element
+
+    Returns a const iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last
+    element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rbegin()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `crbegin()`.,crbegin}
+
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref crend() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the end
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(cend());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns a const reverse iterator to one before the first
+
+    Returns a const reverse iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before
+    the first element.
+
+    @image html range-rbegin-rend.svg "Illustration from cppreference.com"
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [ReversibleContainer](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `const_cast<const basic_json&>(*this).rend()`.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows an example for `crend()`.,crend}
+
+    @sa see @ref rend() -- returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    @sa see @ref rbegin() -- returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    @sa see @ref crbegin() -- returns a const reverse iterator to the beginning
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin());
+    }
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief wrapper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
+
+    This function allows to access @ref iterator::key() and @ref
+    iterator::value() during range-based for loops. In these loops, a
+    reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the
+    underlying iterator.
+
+    For loop without iterator_wrapper:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it = j_object.begin(); it != j_object.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop without iterator proxy:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : j_object)
+    {
+        // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+        std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop with iterator proxy:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : json::iterator_wrapper(j_object))
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the
+          element as string (see example).
+
+    @param[in] ref  reference to a JSON value
+    @return iteration proxy object wrapping @a ref with an interface to use in
+            range-based for loops
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how the wrapper is used,iterator_wrapper}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @note The name of this function is not yet final and may change in the
+    future.
+
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                future 4.0.0 of the library. Please use @ref items() instead;
+                that is, replace `json::iterator_wrapper(j)` with `j.items()`.
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.1.0, items())
+    static iteration_proxy<iterator> iterator_wrapper(reference ref) noexcept
+    {
+        return ref.items();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc iterator_wrapper(reference)
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.1.0, items())
+    static iteration_proxy<const_iterator> iterator_wrapper(const_reference ref) noexcept
+    {
+        return ref.items();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief helper to access iterator member functions in range-based for
+
+    This function allows to access @ref iterator::key() and @ref
+    iterator::value() during range-based for loops. In these loops, a
+    reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the
+    underlying iterator.
+
+    For loop without `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it = j_object.begin(); it != j_object.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << it.key() << ", value:" << it.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop without `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto it : j_object)
+    {
+        // "it" is of type json::reference and has no key() member
+        std::cout << "value: " << it << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    Range-based for loop with `items()` function:
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto& el : j_object.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << el.key() << ", value:" << el.value() << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    The `items()` function also allows to use
+    [structured bindings](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/structured_binding)
+    (C++17):
+
+    @code{cpp}
+    for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
+    {
+        std::cout << "key: " << key << ", value:" << val << '\n';
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note When iterating over an array, `key()` will return the index of the
+          element as string (see example). For primitive types (e.g., numbers),
+          `key()` returns an empty string.
+
+    @warning Using `items()` on temporary objects is dangerous. Make sure the
+             object's lifetime exeeds the iteration. See
+             <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2040> for more
+             information.
+
+    @return iteration proxy object wrapping @a ref with an interface to use in
+            range-based for loops
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how the function is used.,items}
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 3.1.0, structured bindings support since 3.5.0.
+    */
+    iteration_proxy<iterator> items() noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy<iterator>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc items()
+    */
+    iteration_proxy<const_iterator> items() const noexcept
+    {
+        return iteration_proxy<const_iterator>(*this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    //////////////
+    // capacity //
+    //////////////
+
+    /// @name capacity
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief checks whether the container is empty.
+
+    Checks if a JSON value has no elements (i.e. whether its @ref size is `0`).
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `true`
+            boolean     | `false`
+            string      | `false`
+            number      | `false`
+            binary      | `false`
+            object      | result of function `object_t::empty()`
+            array       | result of function `array_t::empty()`
+
+    @liveexample{The following code uses `empty()` to check if a JSON
+    object contains any elements.,empty}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their `empty()` functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @note This function does not return whether a string stored as JSON value
+    is empty - it returns whether the JSON container itself is empty which is
+    false in the case of a string.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `begin() == end()`.
+
+    @sa see @ref size() -- returns the number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // null values are empty
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::empty()
+                return m_value.array->empty();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::empty()
+                return m_value.object->empty();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types are nonempty
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the number of elements
+
+    Returns the number of elements in a JSON value.
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `0`
+            boolean     | `1`
+            string      | `1`
+            number      | `1`
+            binary      | `1`
+            object      | result of function object_t::size()
+            array       | result of function array_t::size()
+
+    @liveexample{The following code calls `size()` on the different value
+    types.,size}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their size() functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @note This function does not return the length of a string stored as JSON
+    value - it returns the number of elements in the JSON value which is 1 in
+    the case of a string.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of `std::distance(begin(), end())`.
+
+    @sa see @ref empty() -- checks whether the container is empty
+    @sa see @ref max_size() -- returns the maximal number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type size() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::null:
+            {
+                // null values are empty
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::size()
+                return m_value.array->size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::size()
+                return m_value.object->size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types have size 1
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief returns the maximum possible number of elements
+
+    Returns the maximum number of elements a JSON value is able to hold due to
+    system or library implementation limitations, i.e. `std::distance(begin(),
+    end())` for the JSON value.
+
+    @return The return value depends on the different types and is
+            defined as follows:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `0` (same as `size()`)
+            boolean     | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            string      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            number      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            binary      | `1` (same as `size()`)
+            object      | result of function `object_t::max_size()`
+            array       | result of function `array_t::max_size()`
+
+    @liveexample{The following code calls `max_size()` on the different value
+    types. Note the output is implementation specific.,max_size}
+
+    @complexity Constant, as long as @ref array_t and @ref object_t satisfy
+    the Container concept; that is, their `max_size()` functions have constant
+    complexity.
+
+    @iterators No changes.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @requirement This function helps `basic_json` satisfying the
+    [Container](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/Container)
+    requirements:
+    - The complexity is constant.
+    - Has the semantics of returning `b.size()` where `b` is the largest
+      possible JSON value.
+
+    @sa see @ref size() -- returns the number of elements
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    size_type max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // delegate call to array_t::max_size()
+                return m_value.array->max_size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // delegate call to object_t::max_size()
+                return m_value.object->max_size();
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // all other types have max_size() == size()
+                return size();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+
+    ///////////////
+    // modifiers //
+    ///////////////
+
+    /// @name modifiers
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief clears the contents
+
+    Clears the content of a JSON value and resets it to the default value as
+    if @ref basic_json(value_t) would have been called with the current value
+    type from @ref type():
+
+    Value type  | initial value
+    ----------- | -------------
+    null        | `null`
+    boolean     | `false`
+    string      | `""`
+    number      | `0`
+    binary      | An empty byte vector
+    object      | `{}`
+    array       | `[]`
+
+    @post Has the same effect as calling
+    @code {.cpp}
+    *this = basic_json(type());
+    @endcode
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows the effect of `clear()` to different
+    JSON types.,clear}
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+
+    @iterators All iterators, pointers and references related to this container
+               are invalidated.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @sa see @ref basic_json(value_t) -- constructor that creates an object with the
+        same value than calling `clear()`
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void clear() noexcept
+    {
+        switch (m_type)
+        {
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            {
+                m_value.number_integer = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            {
+                m_value.number_unsigned = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            {
+                m_value.number_float = 0.0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            {
+                m_value.boolean = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::string:
+            {
+                m_value.string->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::binary:
+            {
+                m_value.binary->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                m_value.array->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                m_value.object->clear();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+
+    Appends the given element @a val to the end of the JSON value. If the
+    function is called on a JSON null value, an empty array is created before
+    appending @a val.
+
+    @param[in] val the value to add to the JSON array
+
+    @throw type_error.308 when called on a type other than JSON array or
+    null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to
+    add elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was silently
+    converted to a JSON array.,push_back}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void push_back(basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (move semantics)
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->push_back(std::move(val));
+        set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+        // if val is moved from, basic_json move constructor marks it null so we do not call the destructor
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        push_back(std::move(val));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    void push_back(const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->push_back(val);
+        set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+    @copydoc push_back(basic_json&&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        push_back(val);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+
+    Inserts the given element @a val to the JSON object. If the function is
+    called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before inserting
+    @a val.
+
+    @param[in] val the value to add to the JSON object
+
+    @throw type_error.308 when called on a type other than JSON object or
+    null; example: `"cannot use push_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` and `+=` can be used to
+    add elements to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value was silently
+    converted to a JSON object.,push_back__object_t__value}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void push_back(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
+    {
+        // push_back only works for null objects or objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_object())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(308, "cannot use push_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to object
+        auto res = m_value.object->insert(val);
+        set_parent(res.first->second);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+    @copydoc push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type& val)
+    {
+        push_back(val);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+
+    This function allows to use `push_back` with an initializer list. In case
+
+    1. the current value is an object,
+    2. the initializer list @a init contains only two elements, and
+    3. the first element of @a init is a string,
+
+    @a init is converted into an object element and added using
+    @ref push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&). Otherwise, @a init
+    is converted to a JSON value and added using @ref push_back(basic_json&&).
+
+    @param[in] init  an initializer list
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the initializer list @a init.
+
+    @note This function is required to resolve an ambiguous overload error,
+          because pairs like `{"key", "value"}` can be both interpreted as
+          `object_t::value_type` or `std::initializer_list<basic_json>`, see
+          https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/235 for more information.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how initializer lists are treated as
+    objects when possible.,push_back__initializer_list}
+    */
+    void push_back(initializer_list_t init)
+    {
+        if (is_object() && init.size() == 2 && (*init.begin())->is_string())
+        {
+            basic_json&& key = init.begin()->moved_or_copied();
+            push_back(typename object_t::value_type(
+                          std::move(key.get_ref<string_t&>()), (init.begin() + 1)->moved_or_copied()));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            push_back(basic_json(init));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object
+    @copydoc push_back(initializer_list_t)
+    */
+    reference operator+=(initializer_list_t init)
+    {
+        push_back(init);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an array
+
+    Creates a JSON value from the passed parameters @a args to the end of the
+    JSON value. If the function is called on a JSON null value, an empty array
+    is created before appending the value created from @a args.
+
+    @param[in] args arguments to forward to a constructor of @ref basic_json
+    @tparam Args compatible types to create a @ref basic_json object
+
+    @return reference to the inserted element
+
+    @throw type_error.311 when called on a type other than JSON array or
+    null; example: `"cannot use emplace_back() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Amortized constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `push_back()` can be used to add
+    elements to a JSON array. Note how the `null` value was silently converted
+    to a JSON array.,emplace_back}
+
+    @since version 2.0.8, returns reference since 3.7.0
+    */
+    template<class... Args>
+    reference emplace_back(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        // emplace_back only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_array())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(311, "cannot use emplace_back() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an array
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::array;
+            m_value = value_t::array;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (perfect forwarding)
+        const auto old_capacity = m_value.array->capacity();
+        m_value.array->emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return set_parent(m_value.array->back(), old_capacity);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief add an object to an object if key does not exist
+
+    Inserts a new element into a JSON object constructed in-place with the
+    given @a args if there is no element with the key in the container. If the
+    function is called on a JSON null value, an empty object is created before
+    appending the value created from @a args.
+
+    @param[in] args arguments to forward to a constructor of @ref basic_json
+    @tparam Args compatible types to create a @ref basic_json object
+
+    @return a pair consisting of an iterator to the inserted element, or the
+            already-existing element if no insertion happened, and a bool
+            denoting whether the insertion took place.
+
+    @throw type_error.311 when called on a type other than JSON object or
+    null; example: `"cannot use emplace() with number"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic in the size of the container, O(log(`size()`)).
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `emplace()` can be used to add elements
+    to a JSON object. Note how the `null` value was silently converted to a
+    JSON object. Further note how no value is added if there was already one
+    value stored with the same key.,emplace}
+
+    @since version 2.0.8
+    */
+    template<class... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        // emplace only works for null objects or arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!(is_null() || is_object())))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(311, "cannot use emplace() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // transform null object into an object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value = value_t::object;
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        // add element to array (perfect forwarding)
+        auto res = m_value.object->emplace(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        set_parent(res.first->second);
+
+        // create result iterator and set iterator to the result of emplace
+        auto it = begin();
+        it.m_it.object_iterator = res.first;
+
+        // return pair of iterator and boolean
+        return {it, res.second};
+    }
+
+    /// Helper for insertion of an iterator
+    /// @note: This uses std::distance to support GCC 4.8,
+    ///        see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1257
+    template<typename... Args>
+    iterator insert_iterator(const_iterator pos, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        iterator result(this);
+        JSON_ASSERT(m_value.array != nullptr);
+
+        auto insert_pos = std::distance(m_value.array->begin(), pos.m_it.array_iterator);
+        m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->begin() + insert_pos;
+
+        // This could have been written as:
+        // result.m_it.array_iterator = m_value.array->insert(pos.m_it.array_iterator, cnt, val);
+        // but the return value of insert is missing in GCC 4.8, so it is written this way instead.
+
+        set_parents();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts element
+
+    Inserts element @a val before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] val element to insert
+    @return iterator pointing to the inserted @a val.
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays;
+    example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @complexity Constant plus linear in the distance between @a pos and end of
+    the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+            }
+
+            // insert to array and return iterator
+            return insert_iterator(pos, val);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts element
+    @copydoc insert(const_iterator, const basic_json&)
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, basic_json&& val)
+    {
+        return insert(pos, val);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts @a cnt copies of @a val before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] cnt number of copies of @a val to insert
+    @param[in] val element to insert
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `cnt==0`
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @complexity Linear in @a cnt plus linear in the distance between @a pos
+    and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__count}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+            }
+
+            // insert to array and return iterator
+            return insert_iterator(pos, cnt, val);
+        }
+
+        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.211 if @a first or @a last are iterators into
+    container for which insert is called; example: `"passed iterators may not
+    belong to container"`
+
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `first==last`
+
+    @complexity Linear in `std::distance(first, last)` plus linear in the
+    distance between @a pos and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__range}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object == this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(211, "passed iterators may not belong to container", *this));
+        }
+
+        // insert to array and return iterator
+        return insert_iterator(pos, first.m_it.array_iterator, last.m_it.array_iterator);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from initializer list @a ilist before iterator @a pos.
+
+    @param[in] pos iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be
+    the end() iterator
+    @param[in] ilist initializer list to insert the values from
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than arrays; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if @a pos is not an iterator of *this;
+    example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
+
+    @return iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or @a pos if
+    `ilist` is empty
+
+    @complexity Linear in `ilist.size()` plus linear in the distance between
+    @a pos and end of the container.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__ilist}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    iterator insert(const_iterator pos, initializer_list_t ilist)
+    {
+        // insert only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if iterator pos fits to this JSON value
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(pos.m_object != this))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", *this));
+        }
+
+        // insert to array and return iterator
+        return insert_iterator(pos, ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief inserts elements
+
+    Inserts elements from range `[first, last)`.
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.309 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use insert() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if iterator @a first or @a last does does not
+    point to an object; example: `"iterators first and last must point to
+    objects"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+    @complexity Logarithmic: `O(N*log(size() + N))`, where `N` is the number
+    of elements to insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `insert()` is used.,insert__range_object}
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void insert(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // insert only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(309, "cannot use insert() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        // passed iterators must belong to objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterators first and last must point to objects", *this));
+        }
+
+        m_value.object->insert(first.m_it.object_iterator, last.m_it.object_iterator);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief updates a JSON object from another object, overwriting existing keys
+
+    Inserts all values from JSON object @a j and overwrites existing keys.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON object to read values from
+
+    @throw type_error.312 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use update() with string"`
+
+    @complexity O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to
+                insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `update()` is used.,update}
+
+    @sa https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void update(const_reference j)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(j.type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = j.cbegin(); it != j.cend(); ++it)
+        {
+            m_value.object->operator[](it.key()) = it.value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief updates a JSON object from another object, overwriting existing keys
+
+    Inserts all values from from range `[first, last)` and overwrites existing
+    keys.
+
+    @param[in] first begin of the range of elements to insert
+    @param[in] last end of the range of elements to insert
+
+    @throw type_error.312 if called on JSON values other than objects; example:
+    `"cannot use update() with string"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.202 if iterator @a first or @a last does does not
+    point to an object; example: `"iterators first and last must point to
+    objects"`
+    @throw invalid_iterator.210 if @a first and @a last do not belong to the
+    same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
+
+    @complexity O(N*log(size() + N)), where N is the number of elements to
+                insert.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows how `update()` is used__range.,update}
+
+    @sa https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/stdtypes.html#dict.update
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void update(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        // implicitly convert null value to an empty object
+        if (is_null())
+        {
+            m_type = value_t::object;
+            m_value.object = create<object_t>();
+            assert_invariant();
+        }
+
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(312, "cannot use update() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+
+        // check if range iterators belong to the same JSON object
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(first.m_object != last.m_object))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(210, "iterators do not fit", *this));
+        }
+
+        // passed iterators must belong to objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_object->is_object()
+                                 || !last.m_object->is_object()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterators first and last must point to objects", *this));
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            m_value.object->operator[](it.key()) = it.value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of the JSON value with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other JSON value to exchange the contents with
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__reference}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(reference other) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        std::swap(m_type, other.m_type);
+        std::swap(m_value, other.m_value);
+
+        set_parents();
+        other.set_parents();
+        assert_invariant();
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of the JSON value from @a left with those of @a right. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated. implemented as a friend function callable via ADL.
+
+    @param[in,out] left JSON value to exchange the contents with
+    @param[in,out] right JSON value to exchange the contents with
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how JSON values can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__reference}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend void swap(reference left, reference right) noexcept (
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    )
+    {
+        left.swap(right);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON array with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other array to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not an array; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with string"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how arrays can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__array_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(array_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for arrays
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_array()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.array), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON object with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other object to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not an object; example:
+    `"cannot use swap() with string"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how objects can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__object_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(object_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for objects
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.object), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON string with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other string to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not a string; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with boolean"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how strings can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__string_t}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    void swap(string_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_string()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.string), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief exchanges the values
+
+    Exchanges the contents of a JSON string with those of @a other. Does not
+    invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on individual elements. All
+    iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
+    invalidated.
+
+    @param[in,out] other binary to exchange the contents with
+
+    @throw type_error.310 when JSON value is not a string; example: `"cannot
+    use swap() with boolean"`
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how strings can be swapped with
+    `swap()`.,swap__binary_t}
+
+    @since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    void swap(binary_t& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_binary()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.binary), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @copydoc swap(binary_t&)
+    void swap(typename binary_t::container_type& other) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        // swap only works for strings
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_binary()))
+        {
+            std::swap(*(m_value.binary), other);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(310, "cannot use swap() with " + std::string(type_name()), *this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+  public:
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+    // lexicographical comparison operators //
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name lexicographical comparison operators
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+
+    Compares two JSON values for equality according to the following rules:
+    - Two JSON values are equal if (1) they are from the same type and (2)
+      their stored values are the same according to their respective
+      `operator==`.
+    - Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
+      comparison. Note that two NaN values are always treated as unequal.
+    - Two JSON null values are equal.
+
+    @note Floating-point inside JSON values numbers are compared with
+    `json::number_float_t::operator==` which is `double::operator==` by
+    default. To compare floating-point while respecting an epsilon, an alternative
+    [comparison function](https://github.com/mariokonrad/marnav/blob/master/include/marnav/math/floatingpoint.hpp#L34-#L39)
+    could be used, for instance
+    @code {.cpp}
+    template<typename T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, T>::type>
+    inline bool is_same(T a, T b, T epsilon = std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon()) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::abs(a - b) <= epsilon;
+    }
+    @endcode
+    Or you can self-defined operator equal function like this:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    bool my_equal(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) {
+    const auto lhs_type lhs.type();
+    const auto rhs_type rhs.type();
+    if (lhs_type == rhs_type) {
+        switch(lhs_type)
+            // self_defined case
+            case value_t::number_float:
+                return std::abs(lhs - rhs) <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
+            // other cases remain the same with the original
+            ...
+    }
+    ...
+    }
+    @endcode
+
+    @note NaN values never compare equal to themselves or to other NaN values.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are equal
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__equal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
+
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch (lhs_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.array == *rhs.m_value.array;
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.object == *rhs.m_value.object;
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return true;
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.string == *rhs.m_value.string;
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return lhs.m_value.boolean == rhs.m_value.boolean;
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_integer == rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_unsigned == rhs.m_value.number_unsigned;
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return lhs.m_value.number_float == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return *lhs.m_value.binary == *rhs.m_value.binary;
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer) == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float == static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) == rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float == static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_integer_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) == rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_integer == static_cast<number_integer_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs == basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: equal
+    @copydoc operator==(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator==(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) == rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+
+    Compares two JSON values for inequality by calculating `not (lhs == rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether the values @a lhs and @a rhs are not equal
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__notequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs == rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs != basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: not equal
+    @copydoc operator!=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator!=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) != rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than another JSON value @a
+    rhs according to the following rules:
+    - If @a lhs and @a rhs have the same type, the values are compared using
+      the default `<` operator.
+    - Integer and floating-point numbers are automatically converted before
+      comparison
+    - In case @a lhs and @a rhs have different types, the values are ignored
+      and the order of the types is considered, see
+      @ref operator<(const value_t, const value_t).
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is less than @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__less}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator<(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        const auto lhs_type = lhs.type();
+        const auto rhs_type = rhs.type();
+
+        if (lhs_type == rhs_type)
+        {
+            switch (lhs_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::array:
+                    // note parentheses are necessary, see
+                    // https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1530
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.array) < (*rhs.m_value.array);
+
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.object) < (*rhs.m_value.object);
+
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return false;
+
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.string) < (*rhs.m_value.string);
+
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.boolean) < (rhs.m_value.boolean);
+
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_integer) < (rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < (rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                    return (lhs.m_value.number_float) < (rhs.m_value.number_float);
+
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return (*lhs.m_value.binary) < (*rhs.m_value.binary);
+
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_integer) < rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float < static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_integer);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_float)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_float_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < rhs.m_value.number_float;
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_float && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_float < static_cast<number_float_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_integer && rhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned)
+        {
+            return lhs.m_value.number_integer < static_cast<number_integer_t>(rhs.m_value.number_unsigned);
+        }
+        else if (lhs_type == value_t::number_unsigned && rhs_type == value_t::number_integer)
+        {
+            return static_cast<number_integer_t>(lhs.m_value.number_unsigned) < rhs.m_value.number_integer;
+        }
+
+        // We only reach this line if we cannot compare values. In that case,
+        // we compare types. Note we have to call the operator explicitly,
+        // because MSVC has problems otherwise.
+        return operator<(lhs_type, rhs_type);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+    @copydoc operator<(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs < basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than
+    @copydoc operator<(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) < rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is less than or equal to another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (rhs < lhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is less than or equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__greater}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(rhs < lhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @copydoc operator<=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs <= basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: less than or equal
+    @copydoc operator<=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator<=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) <= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (lhs <= rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is greater than to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__lessequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator>(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs <= rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @copydoc operator>(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs > basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than
+    @copydoc operator>(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) > rhs;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+
+    Compares whether one JSON value @a lhs is greater than or equal to another
+    JSON value by calculating `not (lhs < rhs)`.
+
+    @param[in] lhs  first JSON value to consider
+    @param[in] rhs  second JSON value to consider
+    @return whether @a lhs is greater than or equal to @a rhs
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @liveexample{The example demonstrates comparing several JSON
+    types.,operator__greaterequal}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(lhs < rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @copydoc operator>=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>=(const_reference lhs, ScalarType rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return lhs >= basic_json(rhs);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief comparison: greater than or equal
+    @copydoc operator>=(const_reference, const_reference)
+    */
+    template<typename ScalarType, typename std::enable_if<
+                 std::is_scalar<ScalarType>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    friend bool operator>=(ScalarType lhs, const_reference rhs) noexcept
+    {
+        return basic_json(lhs) >= rhs;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    ///////////////////
+    // serialization //
+    ///////////////////
+
+    /// @name serialization
+    /// @{
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    /*!
+    @brief serialize to stream
+
+    Serialize the given JSON value @a j to the output stream @a o. The JSON
+    value will be serialized using the @ref dump member function.
+
+    - The indentation of the output can be controlled with the member variable
+      `width` of the output stream @a o. For instance, using the manipulator
+      `std::setw(4)` on @a o sets the indentation level to `4` and the
+      serialization result is the same as calling `dump(4)`.
+
+    - The indentation character can be controlled with the member variable
+      `fill` of the output stream @a o. For instance, the manipulator
+      `std::setfill('\\t')` sets indentation to use a tab character rather than
+      the default space character.
+
+    @param[in,out] o  stream to serialize to
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+
+    @return the stream @a o
+
+    @throw type_error.316 if a string stored inside the JSON value is not
+                          UTF-8 encoded
+
+    @complexity Linear.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows the serialization with different
+    parameters to `width` to adjust the indentation level.,operator_serialize}
+
+    @since version 1.0.0; indentation character added in version 3.0.0
+    */
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        // read width member and use it as indentation parameter if nonzero
+        const bool pretty_print = o.width() > 0;
+        const auto indentation = pretty_print ? o.width() : 0;
+
+        // reset width to 0 for subsequent calls to this stream
+        o.width(0);
+
+        // do the actual serialization
+        serializer s(detail::output_adapter<char>(o), o.fill());
+        s.dump(j, pretty_print, false, static_cast<unsigned int>(indentation));
+        return o;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief serialize to stream
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                future 4.0.0 of the library. Please use
+                @ref operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&)
+                instead; that is, replace calls like `j >> o;` with `o << j;`.
+    @since version 1.0.0; deprecated since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.0.0, operator<<(std::ostream&, const basic_json&))
+    friend std::ostream& operator>>(const basic_json& j, std::ostream& o)
+    {
+        return o << j;
+    }
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+    /// @}
+
+
+    /////////////////////
+    // deserialization //
+    /////////////////////
+
+    /// @name deserialization
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from a compatible input
+
+    @tparam InputType A compatible input, for instance
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i  input to read from
+    @param[in] cb  a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
+    which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
+    (optional)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the parser callback function
+    @a cb or reading from the input @a i has a super-linear complexity.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading
+    from an array.,parse__array__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with
+    and without callback function.,parse__string__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function with
+    and without callback function.,parse__istream__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `parse()` function reading
+    from a contiguous container.,parse__contiguouscontainer__parser_callback_t}
+
+    @since version 2.0.3 (contiguous containers); version 3.9.0 allowed to
+    ignore comments.
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json parse(InputType&& i,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i)), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from a pair of character iterators
+
+    The value_type of the iterator must be a integral type with size of 1, 2 or
+    4 bytes, which will be interpreted respectively as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+
+    @param[in] first iterator to start of character range
+    @param[in] last  iterator to end of character range
+    @param[in] cb  a parser callback function of type @ref parser_callback_t
+    which is used to control the deserialization by filtering unwanted values
+    (optional)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json parse(IteratorType first,
+                            IteratorType last,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last)), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, parse(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json parse(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                            const parser_callback_t cb = nullptr,
+                            const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                            const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(i.get(), cb, allow_exceptions, ignore_comments).parse(true, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief check if the input is valid JSON
+
+    Unlike the @ref parse(InputType&&, const parser_callback_t,const bool)
+    function, this function neither throws an exception in case of invalid JSON
+    input (i.e., a parse error) nor creates diagnostic information.
+
+    @tparam InputType A compatible input, for instance
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i input to read from
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default)
+
+    @return Whether the input read from @a i is valid JSON.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `accept()` function reading
+    from a string.,accept__string}
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    static bool accept(InputType&& i,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i)), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    static bool accept(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last)), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, accept(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static bool accept(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                       const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        return parser(i.get(), nullptr, false, ignore_comments).accept(true);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief generate SAX events
+
+    The SAX event lister must follow the interface of @ref json_sax.
+
+    This function reads from a compatible input. Examples are:
+    - an std::istream object
+    - a FILE pointer
+    - a C-style array of characters
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
+    - an object obj for which begin(obj) and end(obj) produces a valid pair of
+      iterators.
+
+    @param[in] i  input to read from
+    @param[in,out] sax  SAX event listener
+    @param[in] format  the format to parse (JSON, CBOR, MessagePack, or UBJSON)
+    @param[in] strict  whether the input has to be consumed completely
+    @param[in] ignore_comments  whether comments should be ignored and treated
+    like whitespace (true) or yield a parse error (true); (optional, false by
+    default); only applies to the JSON file format.
+
+    @return return value of the last processed SAX event
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 if a parse error occurs; example: `""unexpected end
+    of input; expected string literal""`
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser. The complexity can be higher if the SAX consumer @a sax has
+    a super-linear complexity.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below demonstrates the `sax_parse()` function
+    reading from string and processing the events with a user-defined SAX
+    event consumer.,sax_parse}
+
+    @since version 3.2.0
+    */
+    template <typename InputType, typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static bool sax_parse(InputType&& i, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+
+    template<class IteratorType, class SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(3)
+    static bool sax_parse(IteratorType first, IteratorType last, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+
+    template <typename SAX>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, sax_parse(ptr, ptr + len, ...))
+    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
+    static bool sax_parse(detail::span_input_adapter&& i, SAX* sax,
+                          input_format_t format = input_format_t::json,
+                          const bool strict = true,
+                          const bool ignore_comments = false)
+    {
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        return format == input_format_t::json
+               // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+               ? parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments).sax_parse(sax, strict)
+               // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
+    }
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from stream
+    @deprecated This stream operator is deprecated and will be removed in
+                version 4.0.0 of the library. Please use
+                @ref operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&)
+                instead; that is, replace calls like `j << i;` with `i >> j;`.
+    @since version 1.0.0; deprecated since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.0.0, operator>>(std::istream&, basic_json&))
+    friend std::istream& operator<<(basic_json& j, std::istream& i)
+    {
+        return operator>>(i, j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief deserialize from stream
+
+    Deserializes an input stream to a JSON value.
+
+    @param[in,out] i  input stream to read a serialized JSON value from
+    @param[in,out] j  JSON value to write the deserialized input to
+
+    @throw parse_error.101 in case of an unexpected token
+    @throw parse_error.102 if to_unicode fails or surrogate error
+    @throw parse_error.103 if to_unicode fails
+
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the input. The parser is a predictive
+    LL(1) parser.
+
+    @note A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
+
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how a JSON value is constructed by
+    reading a serialization from a stream.,operator_deserialize}
+
+    @sa parse(std::istream&, const parser_callback_t) for a variant with a
+    parser callback function to filter values while parsing
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& i, basic_json& j)
+    {
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(i)).parse(false, j);
+        return i;
+    }
+#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
+    /// @}
+
+    ///////////////////////////
+    // convenience functions //
+    ///////////////////////////
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return the type as string
+
+    Returns the type name as string to be used in error messages - usually to
+    indicate that a function was called on a wrong JSON type.
+
+    @return a string representation of a the @a m_type member:
+            Value type  | return value
+            ----------- | -------------
+            null        | `"null"`
+            boolean     | `"boolean"`
+            string      | `"string"`
+            number      | `"number"` (for all number types)
+            object      | `"object"`
+            array       | `"array"`
+            binary      | `"binary"`
+            discarded   | `"discarded"`
+
+    @exceptionsafety No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code exemplifies `type_name()` for all JSON
+    types.,type_name}
+
+    @sa see @ref type() -- return the type of the JSON value
+    @sa see @ref operator value_t() -- return the type of the JSON value (implicit)
+
+    @since version 1.0.0, public since 2.1.0, `const char*` and `noexcept`
+    since 3.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+    const char* type_name() const noexcept
+    {
+        {
+            switch (m_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::null:
+                    return "null";
+                case value_t::object:
+                    return "object";
+                case value_t::array:
+                    return "array";
+                case value_t::string:
+                    return "string";
+                case value_t::boolean:
+                    return "boolean";
+                case value_t::binary:
+                    return "binary";
+                case value_t::discarded:
+                    return "discarded";
+                case value_t::number_integer:
+                case value_t::number_unsigned:
+                case value_t::number_float:
+                default:
+                    return "number";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+  JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED:
+    //////////////////////
+    // member variables //
+    //////////////////////
+
+    /// the type of the current element
+    value_t m_type = value_t::null;
+
+    /// the value of the current element
+    json_value m_value = {};
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+    /// a pointer to a parent value (for debugging purposes)
+    basic_json* m_parent = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+    // binary serialization/deserialization //
+    //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name binary serialization/deserialization support
+    /// @{
+
+  public:
+    /*!
+    @brief create a CBOR serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the CBOR (Concise
+    Binary Object Representation) serialization format. CBOR is a binary
+    serialization format which aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet
+    more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    CBOR types according to the CBOR specification (RFC 7049):
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                                | CBOR type                          | first byte
+    --------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ---------------
+    null            | `null`                                     | Null                               | 0xF6
+    boolean         | `true`                                     | True                               | 0xF5
+    boolean         | `false`                                    | False                              | 0xF4
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649          | Negative integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x3B
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769                        | Negative integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x3A
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                               | Negative integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x39
+    number_integer  | -128..-25                                  | Negative integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x38
+    number_integer  | -24..-1                                    | Negative integer                   | 0x20..0x37
+    number_integer  | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+    number_integer  | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+    number_integer  | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+    number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+    number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+    number_unsigned | 0..23                                      | Integer                            | 0x00..0x17
+    number_unsigned | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)   | 0x18
+    number_unsigned | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow)  | 0x19
+    number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow)  | 0x1A
+    number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow)  | 0x1B
+    number_float    | *any value representable by a float*       | Single-Precision Float             | 0xFA
+    number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float*   | Double-Precision Float             | 0xFB
+    string          | *length*: 0..23                            | UTF-8 string                       | 0x60..0x77
+    string          | *length*: 23..255                          | UTF-8 string (1 byte follow)       | 0x78
+    string          | *length*: 256..65535                       | UTF-8 string (2 bytes follow)      | 0x79
+    string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295                | UTF-8 string (4 bytes follow)      | 0x7A
+    string          | *length*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | UTF-8 string (8 bytes follow)      | 0x7B
+    array           | *size*: 0..23                              | array                              | 0x80..0x97
+    array           | *size*: 23..255                            | array (1 byte follow)              | 0x98
+    array           | *size*: 256..65535                         | array (2 bytes follow)             | 0x99
+    array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | array (4 bytes follow)             | 0x9A
+    array           | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | array (8 bytes follow)             | 0x9B
+    object          | *size*: 0..23                              | map                                | 0xA0..0xB7
+    object          | *size*: 23..255                            | map (1 byte follow)                | 0xB8
+    object          | *size*: 256..65535                         | map (2 bytes follow)               | 0xB9
+    object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | map (4 bytes follow)               | 0xBA
+    object          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | map (8 bytes follow)               | 0xBB
+    binary          | *size*: 0..23                              | byte string                        | 0x40..0x57
+    binary          | *size*: 23..255                            | byte string (1 byte follow)        | 0x58
+    binary          | *size*: 256..65535                         | byte string (2 bytes follow)       | 0x59
+    binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295                  | byte string (4 bytes follow)       | 0x5A
+    binary          | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615   | byte string (8 bytes follow)       | 0x5B
+
+    Binary values with subtype are mapped to tagged values (0xD8..0xDB)
+    depending on the subtype, followed by a byte string, see "binary" cells
+    in the table above.
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a CBOR value.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @note The following CBOR types are not used in the conversion:
+          - UTF-8 strings terminated by "break" (0x7F)
+          - arrays terminated by "break" (0x9F)
+          - maps terminated by "break" (0xBF)
+          - byte strings terminated by "break" (0x5F)
+          - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+          - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+          - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+          - bigfloat (0xC5)
+          - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+          - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+          - undefined (0xF7)
+          - half-precision floats (0xF9)
+          - break (0xFF)
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return CBOR serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in CBOR format.,to_cbor}
+
+    @sa http://cbor.io
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; compact representation of floating-point numbers
+           since version 3.8.0
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_cbor(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_cbor(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_cbor(j);
+    }
+
+    static void to_cbor(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_cbor(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a MessagePack serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the MessagePack
+    serialization format. MessagePack is a binary serialization format which
+    aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    MessagePack types according to the MessagePack specification:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | MessagePack type | first byte
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ---------------- | ----------
+    null            | `null`                            | nil              | 0xC0
+    boolean         | `true`                            | true             | 0xC3
+    boolean         | `false`                           | false            | 0xC2
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64            | 0xD3
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32            | 0xD2
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16            | 0xD1
+    number_integer  | -128..-33                         | int8             | 0xD0
+    number_integer  | -32..-1                           | negative fixint  | 0xE0..0xFF
+    number_integer  | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+    number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+    number_integer  | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+    number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+    number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+    number_unsigned | 0..127                            | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F
+    number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint 8           | 0xCC
+    number_unsigned | 256..65535                        | uint 16          | 0xCD
+    number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295                 | uint 32          | 0xCE
+    number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615  | uint 64          | 0xCF
+    number_float    | *any value representable by a float*     | float 32 | 0xCA
+    number_float    | *any value NOT representable by a float* | float 64 | 0xCB
+    string          | *length*: 0..31                   | fixstr           | 0xA0..0xBF
+    string          | *length*: 32..255                 | str 8            | 0xD9
+    string          | *length*: 256..65535              | str 16           | 0xDA
+    string          | *length*: 65536..4294967295       | str 32           | 0xDB
+    array           | *size*: 0..15                     | fixarray         | 0x90..0x9F
+    array           | *size*: 16..65535                 | array 16         | 0xDC
+    array           | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | array 32         | 0xDD
+    object          | *size*: 0..15                     | fix map          | 0x80..0x8F
+    object          | *size*: 16..65535                 | map 16           | 0xDE
+    object          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | map 32           | 0xDF
+    binary          | *size*: 0..255                    | bin 8            | 0xC4
+    binary          | *size*: 256..65535                | bin 16           | 0xC5
+    binary          | *size*: 65536..4294967295         | bin 32           | 0xC6
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a MessagePack value.
+
+    @note The following values can **not** be converted to a MessagePack value:
+          - strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+          - byte strings with more than 4294967295 bytes
+          - arrays with more than 4294967295 elements
+          - objects with more than 4294967295 elements
+
+    @note Any MessagePack output created @ref to_msgpack can be successfully
+          parsed by @ref from_msgpack.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return MessagePack serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in MessagePack format.,to_msgpack}
+
+    @sa http://msgpack.org
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack for the analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_msgpack(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_msgpack(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_msgpack(j);
+    }
+
+    static void to_msgpack(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_msgpack(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a UBJSON serialization of a given JSON value
+
+    Serializes a given JSON value @a j to a byte vector using the UBJSON
+    (Universal Binary JSON) serialization format. UBJSON aims to be more compact
+    than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to
+    UBJSON types according to the UBJSON specification:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | UBJSON type | marker
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+    null            | `null`                            | null        | `Z`
+    boolean         | `true`                            | true        | `T`
+    boolean         | `false`                           | false       | `F`
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | `L`
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769               | int32       | `l`
+    number_integer  | -32768..-129                      | int16       | `I`
+    number_integer  | -128..127                         | int8        | `i`
+    number_integer  | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+    number_integer  | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+    number_integer  | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+    number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+    number_unsigned | 0..127                            | int8        | `i`
+    number_unsigned | 128..255                          | uint8       | `U`
+    number_unsigned | 256..32767                        | int16       | `I`
+    number_unsigned | 32768..2147483647                 | int32       | `l`
+    number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | `L`
+    number_unsigned | 2147483649..18446744073709551615  | high-precision | `H`
+    number_float    | *any value*                       | float64     | `D`
+    string          | *with shortest length indicator*  | string      | `S`
+    array           | *see notes on optimized format*   | array       | `[`
+    object          | *see notes on optimized format*   | map         | `{`
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type
+          can be converted to a UBJSON value.
+
+    @note The following values can **not** be converted to a UBJSON value:
+          - strings with more than 9223372036854775807 bytes (theoretical)
+
+    @note The following markers are not used in the conversion:
+          - `Z`: no-op values are not created.
+          - `C`: single-byte strings are serialized with `S` markers.
+
+    @note Any UBJSON output created @ref to_ubjson can be successfully parsed
+          by @ref from_ubjson.
+
+    @note If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are
+          serialized properly. This behavior differs from the @ref dump()
+          function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
+
+    @note The optimized formats for containers are supported: Parameter
+          @a use_size adds size information to the beginning of a container and
+          removes the closing marker. Parameter @a use_type further checks
+          whether all elements of a container have the same type and adds the
+          type marker to the beginning of the container. The @a use_type
+          parameter must only be used together with @a use_size = true. Note
+          that @a use_size = true alone may result in larger representations -
+          the benefit of this parameter is that the receiving side is
+          immediately informed on the number of elements of the container.
+
+    @note If the JSON data contains the binary type, the value stored is a list
+          of integers, as suggested by the UBJSON documentation.  In particular,
+          this means that serialization and the deserialization of a JSON
+          containing binary values into UBJSON and back will result in a
+          different JSON object.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @param[in] use_size  whether to add size annotations to container types
+    @param[in] use_type  whether to add type annotations to container types
+                         (must be combined with @a use_size = true)
+    @return UBJSON serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in UBJSON format.,to_ubjson}
+
+    @sa http://ubjson.org
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json& for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+
+    @since version 3.1.0
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_ubjson(const basic_json& j,
+            const bool use_size = false,
+            const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_ubjson(j, result, use_size, use_type);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o,
+                          const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_ubjson(j, use_size, use_type);
+    }
+
+    static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o,
+                          const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_ubjson(j, use_size, use_type);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the given JSON object `j` to BSON and returns a vector
+           containing the corresponding BSON-representation.
+
+    BSON (Binary JSON) is a binary format in which zero or more ordered key/value pairs are
+    stored as a single entity (a so-called document).
+
+    The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BSON types:
+
+    JSON value type | value/range                       | BSON type   | marker
+    --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------- | ------
+    null            | `null`                            | null        | 0x0A
+    boolean         | `true`, `false`                   | boolean     | 0x08
+    number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64       | 0x12
+    number_integer  | -2147483648..2147483647           | int32       | 0x10
+    number_integer  | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+    number_unsigned | 0..2147483647                     | int32       | 0x10
+    number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807   | int64       | 0x12
+    number_unsigned | 9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615| --   | --
+    number_float    | *any value*                       | double      | 0x01
+    string          | *any value*                       | string      | 0x02
+    array           | *any value*                       | document    | 0x04
+    object          | *any value*                       | document    | 0x03
+    binary          | *any value*                       | binary      | 0x05
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete**, since only JSON-objects (and things
+    contained therein) can be serialized to BSON.
+    Also, integers larger than 9223372036854775807 cannot be serialized to BSON,
+    and the keys may not contain U+0000, since they are serialized a
+    zero-terminated c-strings.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.407  if `j.is_number_unsigned() && j.get<std::uint64_t>() > 9223372036854775807`
+    @throw out_of_range.409  if a key in `j` contains a NULL (U+0000)
+    @throw type_error.317    if `!j.is_object()`
+
+    @pre The input `j` is required to be an object: `j.is_object() == true`.
+
+    @note Any BSON output created via @ref to_bson can be successfully parsed
+          by @ref from_bson.
+
+    @param[in] j  JSON value to serialize
+    @return BSON serialization as byte vector
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value @a j.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte
+    vector in BSON format.,to_bson}
+
+    @sa http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(detail::input_adapter&&, const bool strict) for the
+        analogous deserialization
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             related UBJSON format
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the related MessagePack format
+    */
+    static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_bson(const basic_json& j)
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> result;
+        to_bson(j, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Serializes the given JSON object `j` to BSON and forwards the
+           corresponding BSON-representation to the given output_adapter `o`.
+    @param j The JSON object to convert to BSON.
+    @param o The output adapter that receives the binary BSON representation.
+    @pre The input `j` shall be an object: `j.is_object() == true`
+    @sa see @ref to_bson(const basic_json&)
+    */
+    static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<std::uint8_t>(o).write_bson(j);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc to_bson(const basic_json&, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t>)
+    */
+    static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o)
+    {
+        binary_writer<char>(o).write_bson(j);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in CBOR format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the CBOR (Concise
+    Binary Object Representation) serialization format.
+
+    The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    CBOR type              | JSON value type | first byte
+    ---------------------- | --------------- | ----------
+    Integer                | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x17
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x18
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x19
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1A
+    Unsigned integer       | number_unsigned | 0x1B
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x20..0x37
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x38
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x39
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3A
+    Negative integer       | number_integer  | 0x3B
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x40..0x57
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x58
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x59
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x5A
+    Byte string            | binary          | 0x5B
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x60..0x77
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x78
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x79
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7A
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7B
+    UTF-8 string           | string          | 0x7F
+    array                  | array           | 0x80..0x97
+    array                  | array           | 0x98
+    array                  | array           | 0x99
+    array                  | array           | 0x9A
+    array                  | array           | 0x9B
+    array                  | array           | 0x9F
+    map                    | object          | 0xA0..0xB7
+    map                    | object          | 0xB8
+    map                    | object          | 0xB9
+    map                    | object          | 0xBA
+    map                    | object          | 0xBB
+    map                    | object          | 0xBF
+    False                  | `false`         | 0xF4
+    True                   | `true`          | 0xF5
+    Null                   | `null`          | 0xF6
+    Half-Precision Float   | number_float    | 0xF9
+    Single-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFA
+    Double-Precision Float | number_float    | 0xFB
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete** in the sense that not all CBOR
+             types can be converted to a JSON value. The following CBOR types
+             are not supported and will yield parse errors (parse_error.112):
+             - date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
+             - bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
+             - decimal fraction (0xC4)
+             - bigfloat (0xC5)
+             - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
+             - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
+             - undefined (0xF7)
+
+    @warning CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows
+             strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys
+             other than UTF-8 strings are rejected (parse_error.113).
+
+    @note Any CBOR output created @ref to_cbor can be successfully parsed by
+          @ref from_cbor.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in CBOR format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+    @param[in] tag_handler how to treat CBOR tags (optional, error by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if unsupported features from CBOR were
+    used in the given input @a v or if the input is not valid CBOR
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string was expected as map key, but not found
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in CBOR
+    format to a JSON value.,from_cbor}
+
+    @sa http://cbor.io
+    @sa see @ref to_cbor(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related UBJSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1; changed to
+           consume input adapters, removed start_index parameter, and added
+           @a strict parameter since 3.0.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter
+           since 3.2.0; added @a tag_handler parameter since 3.9.0.
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_cbor(InputType&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_cbor(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_cbor(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        return from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions, tag_handler);
+    }
+
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_cbor(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_cbor(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true,
+                                const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler = cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::cbor, &sdp, strict, tag_handler);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in MessagePack format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the MessagePack
+    serialization format.
+
+    The library maps MessagePack types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    MessagePack type | JSON value type | first byte
+    ---------------- | --------------- | ----------
+    positive fixint  | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x7F
+    fixmap           | object          | 0x80..0x8F
+    fixarray         | array           | 0x90..0x9F
+    fixstr           | string          | 0xA0..0xBF
+    nil              | `null`          | 0xC0
+    false            | `false`         | 0xC2
+    true             | `true`          | 0xC3
+    float 32         | number_float    | 0xCA
+    float 64         | number_float    | 0xCB
+    uint 8           | number_unsigned | 0xCC
+    uint 16          | number_unsigned | 0xCD
+    uint 32          | number_unsigned | 0xCE
+    uint 64          | number_unsigned | 0xCF
+    int 8            | number_integer  | 0xD0
+    int 16           | number_integer  | 0xD1
+    int 32           | number_integer  | 0xD2
+    int 64           | number_integer  | 0xD3
+    str 8            | string          | 0xD9
+    str 16           | string          | 0xDA
+    str 32           | string          | 0xDB
+    array 16         | array           | 0xDC
+    array 32         | array           | 0xDD
+    map 16           | object          | 0xDE
+    map 32           | object          | 0xDF
+    bin 8            | binary          | 0xC4
+    bin 16           | binary          | 0xC5
+    bin 32           | binary          | 0xC6
+    ext 8            | binary          | 0xC7
+    ext 16           | binary          | 0xC8
+    ext 32           | binary          | 0xC9
+    fixext 1         | binary          | 0xD4
+    fixext 2         | binary          | 0xD5
+    fixext 4         | binary          | 0xD6
+    fixext 8         | binary          | 0xD7
+    fixext 16        | binary          | 0xD8
+    negative fixint  | number_integer  | 0xE0-0xFF
+
+    @note Any MessagePack output created @ref to_msgpack can be successfully
+          parsed by @ref from_msgpack.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in MessagePack format convertible to an input
+                  adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if unsupported features from MessagePack were
+    used in the given input @a i or if the input is not valid MessagePack
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string was expected as map key, but not found
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    MessagePack format to a JSON value.,from_msgpack}
+
+    @sa http://msgpack.org
+    @sa see @ref to_msgpack(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related UBJSON format
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related BSON format
+
+    @since version 2.0.9; parameter @a start_index since 2.1.1; changed to
+           consume input adapters, removed start_index parameter, and added
+           @a strict parameter since 3.0.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter
+           since 3.2.0
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(InputType&& i,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_msgpack(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_msgpack(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                   const bool strict = true,
+                                   const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::msgpack, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief create a JSON value from an input in UBJSON format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the UBJSON (Universal
+    Binary JSON) serialization format.
+
+    The library maps UBJSON types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    UBJSON type | JSON value type                         | marker
+    ----------- | --------------------------------------- | ------
+    no-op       | *no value, next value is read*          | `N`
+    null        | `null`                                  | `Z`
+    false       | `false`                                 | `F`
+    true        | `true`                                  | `T`
+    float32     | number_float                            | `d`
+    float64     | number_float                            | `D`
+    uint8       | number_unsigned                         | `U`
+    int8        | number_integer                          | `i`
+    int16       | number_integer                          | `I`
+    int32       | number_integer                          | `l`
+    int64       | number_integer                          | `L`
+    high-precision number | number_integer, number_unsigned, or number_float - depends on number string | 'H'
+    string      | string                                  | `S`
+    char        | string                                  | `C`
+    array       | array (optimized values are supported)  | `[`
+    object      | object (optimized values are supported) | `{`
+
+    @note The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any UBJSON value can
+          be converted to a JSON value.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in UBJSON format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.110 if the given input ends prematurely or the end of
+    file was not reached when @a strict was set to true
+    @throw parse_error.112 if a parse error occurs
+    @throw parse_error.113 if a string could not be parsed successfully
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    UBJSON format to a JSON value.,from_ubjson}
+
+    @sa http://ubjson.org
+    @sa see @ref to_ubjson(const basic_json&, const bool, const bool) for the
+             analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related BSON format
+
+    @since version 3.1.0; added @a allow_exceptions parameter since 3.2.0
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(InputType&& i,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_ubjson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_ubjson(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                  const bool strict = true,
+                                  const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::ubjson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+
+    /*!
+    @brief Create a JSON value from an input in BSON format
+
+    Deserializes a given input @a i to a JSON value using the BSON (Binary JSON)
+    serialization format.
+
+    The library maps BSON record types to JSON value types as follows:
+
+    BSON type       | BSON marker byte | JSON value type
+    --------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------
+    double          | 0x01             | number_float
+    string          | 0x02             | string
+    document        | 0x03             | object
+    array           | 0x04             | array
+    binary          | 0x05             | binary
+    undefined       | 0x06             | still unsupported
+    ObjectId        | 0x07             | still unsupported
+    boolean         | 0x08             | boolean
+    UTC Date-Time   | 0x09             | still unsupported
+    null            | 0x0A             | null
+    Regular Expr.   | 0x0B             | still unsupported
+    DB Pointer      | 0x0C             | still unsupported
+    JavaScript Code | 0x0D             | still unsupported
+    Symbol          | 0x0E             | still unsupported
+    JavaScript Code | 0x0F             | still unsupported
+    int32           | 0x10             | number_integer
+    Timestamp       | 0x11             | still unsupported
+    128-bit decimal float | 0x13       | still unsupported
+    Max Key         | 0x7F             | still unsupported
+    Min Key         | 0xFF             | still unsupported
+
+    @warning The mapping is **incomplete**. The unsupported mappings
+             are indicated in the table above.
+
+    @param[in] i  an input in BSON format convertible to an input adapter
+    @param[in] strict  whether to expect the input to be consumed until EOF
+                       (true by default)
+    @param[in] allow_exceptions  whether to throw exceptions in case of a
+    parse error (optional, true by default)
+
+    @return deserialized JSON value; in case of a parse error and
+            @a allow_exceptions set to `false`, the return value will be
+            value_t::discarded.
+
+    @throw parse_error.114 if an unsupported BSON record type is encountered
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the input @a i.
+
+    @liveexample{The example shows the deserialization of a byte vector in
+    BSON format to a JSON value.,from_bson}
+
+    @sa http://bsonspec.org/spec.html
+    @sa see @ref to_bson(const basic_json&) for the analogous serialization
+    @sa see @ref from_cbor(InputType&&, const bool, const bool, const cbor_tag_handler_t) for the
+        related CBOR format
+    @sa see @ref from_msgpack(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for
+        the related MessagePack format
+    @sa see @ref from_ubjson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool) for the
+        related UBJSON format
+    */
+    template<typename InputType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_bson(InputType&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::forward<InputType>(i));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @copydoc from_bson(InputType&&, const bool, const bool)
+    */
+    template<typename IteratorType>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json from_bson(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = detail::input_adapter(std::move(first), std::move(last));
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_bson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_bson(const T* ptr, std::size_t len,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        return from_bson(ptr, ptr + len, strict, allow_exceptions);
+    }
+
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, from_bson(ptr, ptr + len))
+    static basic_json from_bson(detail::span_input_adapter&& i,
+                                const bool strict = true,
+                                const bool allow_exceptions = true)
+    {
+        basic_json result;
+        detail::json_sax_dom_parser<basic_json> sdp(result, allow_exceptions);
+        auto ia = i.get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+        const bool res = binary_reader<decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia)).sax_parse(input_format_t::bson, &sdp, strict);
+        return res ? result : basic_json(value_t::discarded);
+    }
+    /// @}
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON Pointer support //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Pointer functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Uses a JSON pointer to retrieve a reference to the respective JSON value.
+    No bound checking is performed. Similar to @ref operator[](const typename
+    object_t::key_type&), `null` values are created in arrays and objects if
+    necessary.
+
+    In particular:
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an object key that does not exist, it
+      is created an filled with a `null` value before a reference to it
+      is returned.
+    - If the JSON pointer points to an array index that does not exist, it
+      is created an filled with a `null` value before a reference to it
+      is returned. All indices between the current maximum and the given
+      index are also filled with `null`.
+    - The special value `-` is treated as a synonym for the index past the
+      end.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  a JSON pointer
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,operatorjson_pointer}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        return ptr.get_unchecked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Uses a JSON pointer to retrieve a reference to the respective JSON value.
+    No bound checking is performed. The function does not change the JSON
+    value; no `null` values are created. In particular, the special value
+    `-` yields an exception.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return const reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
+    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
+    @throw out_of_range.402  if the array index '-' is used
+    @throw out_of_range.404  if the JSON pointer can not be resolved
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,operatorjson_pointer_const}
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    const_reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.get_unchecked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Returns a reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer @a ptr,
+    with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @throw parse_error.106 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    begins with '0'. See example below.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is not a number. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is out of range. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used in the passed JSON
+    pointer @a ptr. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are
+    implicitly inserted), the index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the JSON pointer describes a key of an object
+    which cannot be found. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer @a ptr can not be resolved.
+    See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,at_json_pointer}
+    */
+    reference at(const json_pointer& ptr)
+    {
+        return ptr.get_checked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief access specified element via JSON Pointer
+
+    Returns a const reference to the element at with specified JSON pointer @a
+    ptr, with bounds checking.
+
+    @param[in] ptr  JSON pointer to the desired element
+
+    @return reference to the element pointed to by @a ptr
+
+    @throw parse_error.106 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    begins with '0'. See example below.
+
+    @throw parse_error.109 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is not a number. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index in the passed JSON pointer @a ptr
+    is out of range. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.402 if the array index '-' is used in the passed JSON
+    pointer @a ptr. As `at` provides checked access (and no elements are
+    implicitly inserted), the index '-' is always invalid. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if the JSON pointer describes a key of an object
+    which cannot be found. See example below.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.404 if the JSON pointer @a ptr can not be resolved.
+    See example below.
+
+    @exceptionsafety Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no
+    changes in the JSON value.
+
+    @complexity Constant.
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+
+    @liveexample{The behavior is shown in the example.,at_json_pointer_const}
+    */
+    const_reference at(const json_pointer& ptr) const
+    {
+        return ptr.get_checked(this);
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief return flattened JSON value
+
+    The function creates a JSON object whose keys are JSON pointers (see [RFC
+    6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)) and whose values are all
+    primitive. The original JSON value can be restored using the @ref
+    unflatten() function.
+
+    @return an object that maps JSON pointers to primitive values
+
+    @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened to `null` and will not be
+          reconstructed correctly by the @ref unflatten() function.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON object is flattened to an
+    object whose keys consist of JSON pointers.,flatten}
+
+    @sa see @ref unflatten() for the reverse function
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json flatten() const
+    {
+        basic_json result(value_t::object);
+        json_pointer::flatten("", *this, result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief unflatten a previously flattened JSON value
+
+    The function restores the arbitrary nesting of a JSON value that has been
+    flattened before using the @ref flatten() function. The JSON value must
+    meet certain constraints:
+    1. The value must be an object.
+    2. The keys must be JSON pointers (see
+       [RFC 6901](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901))
+    3. The mapped values must be primitive JSON types.
+
+    @return the original JSON from a flattened version
+
+    @note Empty objects and arrays are flattened by @ref flatten() to `null`
+          values and can not unflattened to their original type. Apart from
+          this example, for a JSON value `j`, the following is always true:
+          `j == j.flatten().unflatten()`.
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size the JSON value.
+
+    @throw type_error.314  if value is not an object
+    @throw type_error.315  if object values are not primitive
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a flattened JSON object is
+    unflattened into the original nested JSON object.,unflatten}
+
+    @sa see @ref flatten() for the reverse function
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json unflatten() const
+    {
+        return json_pointer::unflatten(*this);
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    //////////////////////////
+    // JSON Patch functions //
+    //////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Patch functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief applies a JSON patch
+
+    [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) defines a JSON document structure for
+    expressing a sequence of operations to apply to a JSON) document. With
+    this function, a JSON Patch is applied to the current JSON value by
+    executing all operations from the patch.
+
+    @param[in] json_patch  JSON patch document
+    @return patched document
+
+    @note The application of a patch is atomic: Either all operations succeed
+          and the patched document is returned or an exception is thrown. In
+          any case, the original value is not changed: the patch is applied
+          to a copy of the value.
+
+    @throw parse_error.104 if the JSON patch does not consist of an array of
+    objects
+
+    @throw parse_error.105 if the JSON patch is malformed (e.g., mandatory
+    attributes are missing); example: `"operation add must have member path"`
+
+    @throw out_of_range.401 if an array index is out of range.
+
+    @throw out_of_range.403 if a JSON pointer inside the patch could not be
+    resolved successfully in the current JSON value; example: `"key baz not
+    found"`
+
+    @throw out_of_range.405 if JSON pointer has no parent ("add", "remove",
+    "move")
+
+    @throw other_error.501 if "test" operation was unsuccessful
+
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value and the length of the
+    JSON patch. As usually only a fraction of the JSON value is affected by
+    the patch, the complexity can usually be neglected.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON patch is applied to a
+    value.,patch}
+
+    @sa see @ref diff -- create a JSON patch by comparing two JSON values
+
+    @sa [RFC 6902 (JSON Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)
+    @sa [RFC 6901 (JSON Pointer)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    basic_json patch(const basic_json& json_patch) const
+    {
+        // make a working copy to apply the patch to
+        basic_json result = *this;
+
+        // the valid JSON Patch operations
+        enum class patch_operations {add, remove, replace, move, copy, test, invalid};
+
+        const auto get_op = [](const std::string & op)
+        {
+            if (op == "add")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::add;
+            }
+            if (op == "remove")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::remove;
+            }
+            if (op == "replace")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::replace;
+            }
+            if (op == "move")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::move;
+            }
+            if (op == "copy")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::copy;
+            }
+            if (op == "test")
+            {
+                return patch_operations::test;
+            }
+
+            return patch_operations::invalid;
+        };
+
+        // wrapper for "add" operation; add value at ptr
+        const auto operation_add = [&result](json_pointer & ptr, basic_json val)
+        {
+            // adding to the root of the target document means replacing it
+            if (ptr.empty())
+            {
+                result = val;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // make sure the top element of the pointer exists
+            json_pointer top_pointer = ptr.top();
+            if (top_pointer != ptr)
+            {
+                result.at(top_pointer);
+            }
+
+            // get reference to parent of JSON pointer ptr
+            const auto last_path = ptr.back();
+            ptr.pop_back();
+            basic_json& parent = result[ptr];
+
+            switch (parent.m_type)
+            {
+                case value_t::null:
+                case value_t::object:
+                {
+                    // use operator[] to add value
+                    parent[last_path] = val;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case value_t::array:
+                {
+                    if (last_path == "-")
+                    {
+                        // special case: append to back
+                        parent.push_back(val);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        const auto idx = json_pointer::array_index(last_path);
+                        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx > parent.size()))
+                        {
+                            // avoid undefined behavior
+                            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(401, "array index " + std::to_string(idx) + " is out of range", parent));
+                        }
+
+                        // default case: insert add offset
+                        parent.insert(parent.begin() + static_cast<difference_type>(idx), val);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // if there exists a parent it cannot be primitive
+                case value_t::string: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::boolean: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_integer: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_unsigned: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::number_float: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::binary: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                case value_t::discarded: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                default:            // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+            }
+        };
+
+        // wrapper for "remove" operation; remove value at ptr
+        const auto operation_remove = [this, &result](json_pointer & ptr)
+        {
+            // get reference to parent of JSON pointer ptr
+            const auto last_path = ptr.back();
+            ptr.pop_back();
+            basic_json& parent = result.at(ptr);
+
+            // remove child
+            if (parent.is_object())
+            {
+                // perform range check
+                auto it = parent.find(last_path);
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(it != parent.end()))
+                {
+                    parent.erase(it);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, "key '" + last_path + "' not found", *this));
+                }
+            }
+            else if (parent.is_array())
+            {
+                // note erase performs range check
+                parent.erase(json_pointer::array_index(last_path));
+            }
+        };
+
+        // type check: top level value must be an array
+        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!json_patch.is_array()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(104, 0, "JSON patch must be an array of objects", json_patch));
+        }
+
+        // iterate and apply the operations
+        for (const auto& val : json_patch)
+        {
+            // wrapper to get a value for an operation
+            const auto get_value = [&val](const std::string & op,
+                                          const std::string & member,
+                                          bool string_type) -> basic_json &
+            {
+                // find value
+                auto it = val.m_value.object->find(member);
+
+                // context-sensitive error message
+                const auto error_msg = (op == "op") ? "operation" : "operation '" + op + "'";
+
+                // check if desired value is present
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(it == val.m_value.object->end()))
+                {
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-inefficient-string-concatenation)
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, error_msg + " must have member '" + member + "'", val));
+                }
+
+                // check if result is of type string
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(string_type && !it->second.is_string()))
+                {
+                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-inefficient-string-concatenation)
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, error_msg + " must have string member '" + member + "'", val));
+                }
+
+                // no error: return value
+                return it->second;
+            };
+
+            // type check: every element of the array must be an object
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!val.is_object()))
+            {
+                JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(104, 0, "JSON patch must be an array of objects", val));
+            }
+
+            // collect mandatory members
+            const auto op = get_value("op", "op", true).template get<std::string>();
+            const auto path = get_value(op, "path", true).template get<std::string>();
+            json_pointer ptr(path);
+
+            switch (get_op(op))
+            {
+                case patch_operations::add:
+                {
+                    operation_add(ptr, get_value("add", "value", false));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::remove:
+                {
+                    operation_remove(ptr);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::replace:
+                {
+                    // the "path" location must exist - use at()
+                    result.at(ptr) = get_value("replace", "value", false);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::move:
+                {
+                    const auto from_path = get_value("move", "from", true).template get<std::string>();
+                    json_pointer from_ptr(from_path);
+
+                    // the "from" location must exist - use at()
+                    basic_json v = result.at(from_ptr);
+
+                    // The move operation is functionally identical to a
+                    // "remove" operation on the "from" location, followed
+                    // immediately by an "add" operation at the target
+                    // location with the value that was just removed.
+                    operation_remove(from_ptr);
+                    operation_add(ptr, v);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::copy:
+                {
+                    const auto from_path = get_value("copy", "from", true).template get<std::string>();
+                    const json_pointer from_ptr(from_path);
+
+                    // the "from" location must exist - use at()
+                    basic_json v = result.at(from_ptr);
+
+                    // The copy is functionally identical to an "add"
+                    // operation at the target location using the value
+                    // specified in the "from" member.
+                    operation_add(ptr, v);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::test:
+                {
+                    bool success = false;
+                    JSON_TRY
+                    {
+                        // check if "value" matches the one at "path"
+                        // the "path" location must exist - use at()
+                        success = (result.at(ptr) == get_value("test", "value", false));
+                    }
+                    JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (out_of_range&)
+                    {
+                        // ignore out of range errors: success remains false
+                    }
+
+                    // throw an exception if test fails
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!success))
+                    {
+                        JSON_THROW(other_error::create(501, "unsuccessful: " + val.dump(), val));
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case patch_operations::invalid:
+                default:
+                {
+                    // op must be "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or
+                    // "test"
+                    JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(105, 0, "operation value '" + op + "' is invalid", val));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    @brief creates a diff as a JSON patch
+
+    Creates a [JSON Patch](http://jsonpatch.com) so that value @a source can
+    be changed into the value @a target by calling @ref patch function.
+
+    @invariant For two JSON values @a source and @a target, the following code
+    yields always `true`:
+    @code {.cpp}
+    source.patch(diff(source, target)) == target;
+    @endcode
+
+    @note Currently, only `remove`, `add`, and `replace` operations are
+          generated.
+
+    @param[in] source  JSON value to compare from
+    @param[in] target  JSON value to compare against
+    @param[in] path    helper value to create JSON pointers
+
+    @return a JSON patch to convert the @a source to @a target
+
+    @complexity Linear in the lengths of @a source and @a target.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON patch is created as a
+    diff for two JSON values.,diff}
+
+    @sa see @ref patch -- apply a JSON patch
+    @sa see @ref merge_patch -- apply a JSON Merge Patch
+
+    @sa [RFC 6902 (JSON Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902)
+
+    @since version 2.0.0
+    */
+    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+    static basic_json diff(const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
+                           const std::string& path = "")
+    {
+        // the patch
+        basic_json result(value_t::array);
+
+        // if the values are the same, return empty patch
+        if (source == target)
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (source.type() != target.type())
+        {
+            // different types: replace value
+            result.push_back(
+            {
+                {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+            });
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        switch (source.type())
+        {
+            case value_t::array:
+            {
+                // first pass: traverse common elements
+                std::size_t i = 0;
+                while (i < source.size() && i < target.size())
+                {
+                    // recursive call to compare array values at index i
+                    auto temp_diff = diff(source[i], target[i], path + "/" + std::to_string(i));
+                    result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                // i now reached the end of at least one array
+                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
+
+                // remove my remaining elements
+                const auto end_index = static_cast<difference_type>(result.size());
+                while (i < source.size())
+                {
+                    // add operations in reverse order to avoid invalid
+                    // indices
+                    result.insert(result.begin() + end_index, object(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "remove"},
+                        {"path", path + "/" + std::to_string(i)}
+                    }));
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                // add other remaining elements
+                while (i < target.size())
+                {
+                    result.push_back(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "add"},
+                        {"path", path + "/-"},
+                        {"value", target[i]}
+                    });
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::object:
+            {
+                // first pass: traverse this object's elements
+                for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    // escape the key name to be used in a JSON patch
+                    const auto path_key = path + "/" + detail::escape(it.key());
+
+                    if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
+                    {
+                        // recursive call to compare object values at key it
+                        auto temp_diff = diff(it.value(), target[it.key()], path_key);
+                        result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // found a key that is not in o -> remove it
+                        result.push_back(object(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                        }));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // second pass: traverse other object's elements
+                for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
+                    {
+                        // found a key that is not in this -> add it
+                        const auto path_key = path + "/" + detail::escape(it.key());
+                        result.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case value_t::null:
+            case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::boolean:
+            case value_t::number_integer:
+            case value_t::number_unsigned:
+            case value_t::number_float:
+            case value_t::binary:
+            case value_t::discarded:
+            default:
+            {
+                // both primitive type: replace value
+                result.push_back(
+                {
+                    {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+
+    ////////////////////////////////
+    // JSON Merge Patch functions //
+    ////////////////////////////////
+
+    /// @name JSON Merge Patch functions
+    /// @{
+
+    /*!
+    @brief applies a JSON Merge Patch
+
+    The merge patch format is primarily intended for use with the HTTP PATCH
+    method as a means of describing a set of modifications to a target
+    resource's content. This function applies a merge patch to the current
+    JSON value.
+
+    The function implements the following algorithm from Section 2 of
+    [RFC 7396 (JSON Merge Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7396):
+
+    ```
+    define MergePatch(Target, Patch):
+      if Patch is an Object:
+        if Target is not an Object:
+          Target = {} // Ignore the contents and set it to an empty Object
+        for each Name/Value pair in Patch:
+          if Value is null:
+            if Name exists in Target:
+              remove the Name/Value pair from Target
+          else:
+            Target[Name] = MergePatch(Target[Name], Value)
+        return Target
+      else:
+        return Patch
+    ```
+
+    Thereby, `Target` is the current object; that is, the patch is applied to
+    the current value.
+
+    @param[in] apply_patch  the patch to apply
+
+    @complexity Linear in the lengths of @a patch.
+
+    @liveexample{The following code shows how a JSON Merge Patch is applied to
+    a JSON document.,merge_patch}
+
+    @sa see @ref patch -- apply a JSON patch
+    @sa [RFC 7396 (JSON Merge Patch)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7396)
+
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    void merge_patch(const basic_json& apply_patch)
+    {
+        if (apply_patch.is_object())
+        {
+            if (!is_object())
+            {
+                *this = object();
+            }
+            for (auto it = apply_patch.begin(); it != apply_patch.end(); ++it)
+            {
+                if (it.value().is_null())
+                {
+                    erase(it.key());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    operator[](it.key()).merge_patch(it.value());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *this = apply_patch;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @}
+};
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined to_string function for JSON values
+
+This function implements a user-defined to_string  for JSON objects.
+
+@param[in] j  a JSON object
+@return a std::string object
+*/
+
+NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+std::string to_string(const NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j)
+{
+    return j.dump();
+}
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+///////////////////////
+// nonmember support //
+///////////////////////
+
+// specialization of std::swap, and std::hash
+namespace std
+{
+
+/// hash value for JSON objects
+template<>
+struct hash<nlohmann::json>
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief return a hash value for a JSON object
+
+    @since version 1.0.0
+    */
+    std::size_t operator()(const nlohmann::json& j) const
+    {
+        return nlohmann::detail::hash(j);
+    }
+};
+
+/// specialization for std::less<value_t>
+/// @note: do not remove the space after '<',
+///        see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/679
+template<>
+struct less<::nlohmann::detail::value_t>
+{
+    /*!
+    @brief compare two value_t enum values
+    @since version 3.0.0
+    */
+    bool operator()(nlohmann::detail::value_t lhs,
+                    nlohmann::detail::value_t rhs) const noexcept
+    {
+        return nlohmann::detail::operator<(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+};
+
+// C++20 prohibit function specialization in the std namespace.
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+
+/*!
+@brief exchanges the values of two JSON objects
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+template<>
+inline void swap<nlohmann::json>(nlohmann::json& j1, nlohmann::json& j2) noexcept( // NOLINT(readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name)
+    is_nothrow_move_constructible<nlohmann::json>::value&&  // NOLINT(misc-redundant-expression)
+    is_nothrow_move_assignable<nlohmann::json>::value
+                              )
+{
+    j1.swap(j2);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace std
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON objects. It
+can be used by adding `"_json"` to a string literal and returns a JSON object
+if no parse error occurred.
+
+@param[in] s  a string representation of a JSON object
+@param[in] n  the length of string @a s
+@return a JSON object
+
+@since version 1.0.0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
+}
+
+/*!
+@brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
+
+This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON Pointers. It
+can be used by adding `"_json_pointer"` to a string literal and returns a JSON pointer
+object if no parse error occurred.
+
+@param[in] s  a string representation of a JSON Pointer
+@param[in] n  the length of string @a s
+@return a JSON pointer object
+
+@since version 2.0.0
+*/
+JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
+}
+
+// #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>
+
+
+// restore clang diagnostic settings
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+// clean up
+#undef JSON_ASSERT
+#undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
+#undef JSON_CATCH
+#undef JSON_THROW
+#undef JSON_TRY
+#undef JSON_PRIVATE_UNLESS_TESTED
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_11
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+#undef NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
+#undef NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL
+#undef JSON_EXPLICIT
+
+// #include <nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp>
+
+
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARRAY_PARAM
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_ASSUME
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_BEGIN_C_DECLS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_DECLSPEC_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_COMPCERT_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT3_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONCAT_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONSTEXPR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CONST_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CPP_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_CRAY_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_C_DECL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CAST_QUAL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_CPP98_COMPAT_WRAP_
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_DEPRECATED
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_CPP_ATTRIBUTES
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNKNOWN_PRAGMAS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_DISABLE_UNUSED_FUNCTION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_DMC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMPTY_BASES
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_END_C_DECLS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FLAGS_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_NOT_CLANG_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_GNUC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_BUILTIN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE_NS
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_EXTENSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_FEATURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_HAS_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IAR_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IBM_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IMPORT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_CL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_INTEL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTANT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_IS_CONSTEXPR_
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MALLOC
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MCST_LCC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MESSAGE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_ESCAPE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NO_THROW
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PELLES_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PGI_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PREDICT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRINTF_FORMAT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PRIVATE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PUBLIC
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_PURE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REINTERPRET_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_CONSTEXPR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_REQUIRE_MSG
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_RESTRICT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_RETURNS_NON_NULL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SENTINEL
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_ASSERT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STATIC_CAST
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_STRINGIFY_EX
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_SUNPRO_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TINYC_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_ARMCL_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL2000_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL430_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL6X_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CL7X_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_CLPRU_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_TI_VERSION_CHECK
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNAVAILABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNPREDICTABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_UNREACHABLE_RETURN
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MAJOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_MINOR
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_DECODE_REVISION
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_VERSION_ENCODE
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARNING
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT_MSG
+#undef JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
+
+
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0ae294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+option(JSON_Valgrind    "Execute test suite with Valgrind." OFF)
+option(JSON_FastTests   "Skip expensive/slow tests." OFF)
+
+# download test data
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/download_test_data.cmake)
+
+# test fixture to download test data
+add_test(NAME "download_test_data" COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} --target download_test_data)
+set_tests_properties(download_test_data PROPERTIES FIXTURES_SETUP TEST_DATA)
+
+if(JSON_Valgrind)
+    find_program(CMAKE_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND valgrind)
+    message(STATUS "Executing test suite with Valgrind (${CMAKE_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND})")
+    set(memcheck_command "${CMAKE_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND} ${CMAKE_MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND_OPTIONS} --error-exitcode=1 --leak-check=full")
+    separate_arguments(memcheck_command)
+endif()
+
+#############################################################################
+# doctest library with the main function to speed up build
+#############################################################################
+
+add_library(doctest_main OBJECT src/unit.cpp)
+set_target_properties(doctest_main PROPERTIES
+    COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS>"
+    COMPILE_OPTIONS "$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/EHsc;$<$<CONFIG:Release>:/Od>>"
+)
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "3.8.0")
+    target_compile_features(doctest_main PUBLIC cxx_range_for)
+else()
+    target_compile_features(doctest_main PUBLIC cxx_std_11)
+endif()
+target_include_directories(doctest_main PRIVATE "thirdparty/doctest")
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2368811/how-to-set-warning-level-in-cmake
+if(MSVC)
+    # Force to always compile with W4
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS MATCHES "/W[0-4]")
+        string(REGEX REPLACE "/W[0-4]" "/W4" CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+    else()
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /W4")
+    endif()
+
+	# Disable warning C4566: character represented by universal-character-name '\uFF01' cannot be represented in the current code page (1252)
+	# Disable warning C4996: 'nlohmann::basic_json<std::map,std::vector,std::string,bool,int64_t,uint64_t,double,std::allocator,nlohmann::adl_serializer>::operator <<': was declared deprecated
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /wd4566 /wd4996")
+
+	# https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1114
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} /bigobj")
+endif()
+
+#############################################################################
+# one executable for each unit test file
+#############################################################################
+
+file(GLOB files src/unit-*.cpp)
+
+foreach(file ${files})
+    get_filename_component(file_basename ${file} NAME_WE)
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "unit-([^$]+)" "test-\\1" testcase ${file_basename})
+
+    add_executable(${testcase} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:doctest_main> ${file})
+    target_compile_definitions(${testcase} PRIVATE DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS)
+    target_compile_options(${testcase} PRIVATE
+        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/EHsc;$<$<CONFIG:Release>:/Od>>
+        $<$<NOT:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:-Wno-deprecated;-Wno-float-equal>
+        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
+    )
+    target_include_directories(${testcase} PRIVATE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include thirdparty/doctest thirdparty/fifo_map)
+    target_link_libraries(${testcase} PRIVATE ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
+
+    if (JSON_FastTests)
+        add_test(NAME "${testcase}"
+            COMMAND ${testcase} ${DOCTEST_TEST_FILTER}
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+        )
+    else()
+        add_test(NAME "${testcase}"
+            COMMAND ${testcase} ${DOCTEST_TEST_FILTER} --no-skip
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+        )
+    endif()
+    set_tests_properties("${testcase}" PROPERTIES LABELS "all" FIXTURES_REQUIRED TEST_DATA)
+
+    if(JSON_Valgrind)
+        add_test(NAME "${testcase}_valgrind"
+            COMMAND ${memcheck_command} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${testcase} ${DOCTEST_TEST_FILTER}
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+        )
+        set_tests_properties("${testcase}_valgrind" PROPERTIES LABELS "valgrind" FIXTURES_REQUIRED TEST_DATA)
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+# disable exceptions for test-disabled_exceptions
+target_compile_definitions(test-disabled_exceptions PUBLIC JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+    target_compile_options(test-disabled_exceptions PUBLIC -fno-exceptions)
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+    # disabled due to https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824
+    #target_compile_options(test-disabled_exceptions PUBLIC /EH)
+    #target_compile_definitions(test-disabled_exceptions PUBLIC _HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0)
+endif()
+
+add_executable(json_unit EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL $<TARGET_OBJECTS:doctest_main> ${files})
+target_compile_definitions(json_unit PRIVATE DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS)
+target_compile_options(json_unit PRIVATE
+    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/EHsc;$<$<CONFIG:Release>:/Od>>
+    $<$<NOT:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:-Wno-deprecated;-Wno-float-equal>
+    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
+)
+target_include_directories(json_unit PRIVATE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include thirdparty/doctest thirdparty/fifo_map)
+target_link_libraries(json_unit ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
+add_dependencies(json_unit download_test_data)
+
+#############################################################################
+# Test the generated build configs
+#############################################################################
+
+add_subdirectory(cmake_import)
+add_subdirectory(cmake_import_minver)
+add_subdirectory(cmake_add_subdirectory)
+add_subdirectory(cmake_fetch_content)
+add_subdirectory(cmake_target_include_directories)
diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d08a8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+##############################################################################
+# OSS-Fuzz
+##############################################################################
+
+# The following targets realize the integration to OSS-Fuzz.
+# See <https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/master/projects/json/build.sh> for more information.
+
+# additional flags
+CXXFLAGS += -std=c++11
+CPPFLAGS += -I ../single_include
+
+FUZZER_ENGINE = src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
+FUZZERS = parse_afl_fuzzer parse_bson_fuzzer parse_cbor_fuzzer parse_msgpack_fuzzer parse_ubjson_fuzzer
+fuzzers: $(FUZZERS)
+
+parse_afl_fuzzer:
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(FUZZER_ENGINE) src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp -o $@
+
+parse_bson_fuzzer:
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(FUZZER_ENGINE) src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp -o $@
+
+parse_cbor_fuzzer:
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(FUZZER_ENGINE) src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp -o $@
+
+parse_msgpack_fuzzer:
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(FUZZER_ENGINE) src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp -o $@
+
+parse_ubjson_fuzzer:
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(FUZZER_ENGINE) src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp -o $@
diff --git a/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21c736a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+add_test(NAME cmake_add_subdirectory_configure
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
+)
+add_test(NAME cmake_add_subdirectory_build
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_add_subdirectory_configure PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_add_subdirectory
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_add_subdirectory_build PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_add_subdirectory
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
diff --git a/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caab6c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+
+project(DummyImport CXX)
+
+set(JSON_BuildTests OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+add_subdirectory(${nlohmann_json_source}
+   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/nlohmann_json)
+
+add_executable(with_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(with_namespace_target nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+
+add_executable(without_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(without_namespace_target nlohmann_json)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    add_executable(without_exceptions main.cpp)
+    target_link_libraries(without_exceptions nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+    target_compile_definitions(without_exceptions PRIVATE JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+    target_compile_options(without_exceptions PRIVATE -fno-exceptions)
+endif()
diff --git a/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/main.cpp b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d118b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/cmake_fetch_content/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_fetch_content/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7df0086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_fetch_content/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER "3.11.0")
+  add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_configure
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
+  )
+  add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_build
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+  )
+  set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_configure PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_fetch_content
+    LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
+  )
+  set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_build PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_fetch_content
+    LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
+  )
+endif()
diff --git a/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd8fbdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
+
+project(DummyImport CXX)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+
+get_filename_component(GIT_REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../.. ABSOLUTE)
+FetchContent_Declare(json GIT_REPOSITORY ${GIT_REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY} GIT_TAG HEAD)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(json)
+if(NOT json_POPULATED)
+  FetchContent_Populate(json)
+  add_subdirectory(${json_SOURCE_DIR} ${json_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+endif()
+
+add_executable(with_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(with_namespace_target nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+
+add_executable(without_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(without_namespace_target nlohmann_json)
diff --git a/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/main.cpp b/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d118b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_fetch_content/project/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/cmake_import/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_import/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13290b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+add_test(NAME cmake_import_configure
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
+    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_DIR=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
+)
+add_test(NAME cmake_import_build
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_import_configure PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_import
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_import_build PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_import
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
diff --git a/test/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe892fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+
+project(DummyImport CXX)
+
+find_package(nlohmann_json REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(with_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(with_namespace_target nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+
+add_executable(without_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(without_namespace_target nlohmann_json)
+
diff --git a/test/cmake_import/project/main.cpp b/test/cmake_import/project/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d118b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import/project/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/cmake_import_minver/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_import_minver/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d8db43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import_minver/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+add_test(NAME cmake_import_minver_configure
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
+    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_DIR=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
+)
+add_test(NAME cmake_import_minver_build
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_import_minver_configure PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_import_minver
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_import_minver_build PROPERTIES
+  FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_import_minver
+  LABELS not_reproducible
+)
diff --git a/test/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29056bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+
+project(DummyImportMinVer CXX)
+
+find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(with_namespace_target main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(with_namespace_target nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
diff --git a/test/cmake_import_minver/project/main.cpp b/test/cmake_import_minver/project/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d118b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_import_minver/project/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a324cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+add_test(NAME cmake_target_include_directories_configure
+  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
+)
+add_test(NAME cmake_target_include_directories_build
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_target_include_directories_configure PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_target_include_directories
+    LABELS not_reproducible
+)
+set_tests_properties(cmake_target_include_directories_build PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_target_include_directories
+    LABELS not_reproducible
+)
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.cpp b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed39e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "Bar.hpp"
+
+class Bar;
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.hpp b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdb1d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Bar.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include "Foo.hpp"
+
+class Bar : public Foo{};
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f56786c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+
+project(DummyImport CXX)
+
+add_executable(with_private_target main.cpp)
+target_include_directories(with_private_target PRIVATE ${nlohmann_json_source}/include)
+set_target_properties(with_private_target PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 11)
+
+add_executable(with_private_system_target main.cpp)
+target_include_directories(with_private_system_target PRIVATE SYSTEM ${nlohmann_json_source}/include)
+set_target_properties(with_private_system_target PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 11)
+
+# regression from https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2281
+add_library(Foo STATIC Foo.cpp Bar.cpp)
+target_include_directories(Foo PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${nlohmann_json_source}/include)
+set_target_properties(Foo PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 11)
+
+add_library(Bar STATIC Bar.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(Bar PRIVATE Foo)
+target_include_directories(Bar PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${nlohmann_json_source}/include)
+set_target_properties(Bar PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 11)
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.cpp b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a2ff91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "Foo.hpp"
+
+class Foo;
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.hpp b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd6b1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/Foo.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+class Foo{};
diff --git a/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/main.cpp b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d118b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cmake_target_include_directories/project/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    nlohmann::json j;
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/exec_speed.png b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/exec_speed.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e40e341
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/fuzz.tiff b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/fuzz.tiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd11fd7
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/high_freq.png b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/high_freq.png
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index 0000000..6e595f1
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/index.html b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c402b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<table style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Tahoma', 'Arial', 'Helvetica'">
+<tr><td style="width: 18ex"><b>Banner:</b></td><td>fuzz</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>fuzz-testing/out</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Generated on:</b></td><td>Mo 29 Aug 2016 22:14:22 CEST</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+<img src="high_freq.png" width=1000 height=300><p>
+<img src="low_freq.png" width=1000 height=200><p>
+<img src="exec_speed.png" width=1000 height=200>
+
diff --git a/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/low_freq.png b/test/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/low_freq.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b31214
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/README.md b/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..859c313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Results of the latest benchmark from <https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark>.
+
+See <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/307> for discussion.
+
+Original post at 2016-09-09 to <json@yahoogroups.com>:
+
+> Hi,
+> 
+> This benchmark evaluated conformance, parse/stringify speed/memory, and
+> code size. It can also be viewed as a long list of open source C/C++ JSON
+> libraries.
+> 
+> You can run the benchmark on your own machine by checkout this project.
+> 
+> https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark
+> 
+> You can also view some sample results here:
+> 
+> https://rawgit.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/master/sample/conformance.html
+> https://rawgit.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/master/sample/performance_Corei7-4980HQ@2.80GHz_mac64_clang7.0.html
+> 
+> If you make a new library, you may use this for testing conformance and
+> performance. Afterwards, please submit a pull request.
+> 
+> Enjoy!
+> 
+> -- 
+> Milo Yip
+> 
+> https://github.com/miloyip/
+> http://twitter.com/miloyip/
diff --git a/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_Nlohmann (C++11).md b/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_Nlohmann (C++11).md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31dab46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_Nlohmann (C++11).md	
@@ -0,0 +1,670 @@
+
+
+
+
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+    <article class="markdown-body entry-content" itemprop="text"><h1><a id="user-content-conformance-of-nlohmann-c11" class="anchor" href="#conformance-of-nlohmann-c11" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Conformance of Nlohmann (C++11)</h1>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-1-parse-validation" class="anchor" href="#1-parse-validation" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>1. Parse Validation</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 34 of 34 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-2-parse-double" class="anchor" href="#2-parse-double" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>2. Parse Double</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 66 of 66 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-3-parse-string" class="anchor" href="#3-parse-string" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3. Parse String</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 9 of 9 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-4-roundtrip" class="anchor" href="#4-roundtrip" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4. Roundtrip</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">5e-324</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">4.94065645841247e-324</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.225073858507201e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072014e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">1.7976931348623157e308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">1.79769313486232e+308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<p>Summary: 23 of 27 are correct.</p>
+</article>
+  </div>
+
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_overall_Result.png b/test/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_overall_Result.png
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/high_freq.png b/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/high_freq.png
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diff --git a/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/index.html b/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d792a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<table style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Tahoma', 'Arial', 'Helvetica'">
+<tr><td style="width: 18ex"><b>Banner:</b></td><td>fuzz</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>fuzz-testing/out</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Generated on:</b></td><td>Sun Oct  2 08:51:02 CEST 2016</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+<img src="high_freq.png" width=1000 height=300><p>
+<img src="low_freq.png" width=1000 height=200><p>
+<img src="exec_speed.png" width=1000 height=200>
+
diff --git a/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/low_freq.png b/test/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/low_freq.png
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index 0000000..fb46064
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diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1996020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-driver_afl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a driver for American Fuzzy Lop (afl-fuzz). It relies on
+an implementation of the `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` function which processes a
+passed byte array.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <vector>    // for vector
+#include <cstdint>   // for uint8_t
+#include <iostream>  // for cin
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
+
+int main()
+{
+#ifdef __AFL_HAVE_MANUAL_CONTROL
+    while (__AFL_LOOP(1000))
+    {
+#endif
+        // copy stdin to byte vector
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec;
+        char c;
+        while (std::cin.get(c))
+        {
+            vec.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(c));
+        }
+
+        LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(vec.data(), vec.size());
+#ifdef __AFL_HAVE_MANUAL_CONTROL
+    }
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca3c5a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
+array data, it performs the following steps:
+
+- j1 = from_bson(data)
+- vec = to_bson(j1)
+- j2 = from_bson(vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
+
+The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
+drivers.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // step 1: parse input
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1(data, data + size);
+        json j1 = json::from_bson(vec1);
+
+        if (j1.is_discarded())
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            // step 2: round trip
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_bson(j1);
+
+            // parse serialization
+            json j2 = json::from_bson(vec2);
+
+            // serializations must match
+            assert(json::to_bson(j2) == vec2);
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error&)
+        {
+            // parsing a BSON serialization must not fail
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+    }
+    catch (const json::type_error&)
+    {
+        // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+    catch (const json::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        // out of range errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+
+    // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f34191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
+array data, it performs the following steps:
+
+- j1 = from_cbor(data)
+- vec = to_cbor(j1)
+- j2 = from_cbor(vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
+
+The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
+drivers.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // step 1: parse input
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1(data, data + size);
+        json j1 = json::from_cbor(vec1);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // step 2: round trip
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_cbor(j1);
+
+            // parse serialization
+            json j2 = json::from_cbor(vec2);
+
+            // serializations must match
+            assert(json::to_cbor(j2) == vec2);
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error&)
+        {
+            // parsing a CBOR serialization must not fail
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+    }
+    catch (const json::type_error&)
+    {
+        // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+    catch (const json::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        // out of range errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+
+    // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29663aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
+array data, it performs the following steps:
+
+- j1 = parse(data)
+- s1 = serialize(j1)
+- j2 = parse(s1)
+- s2 = serialize(j2)
+- assert(s1 == s2)
+
+The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
+drivers.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // step 1: parse input
+        json j1 = json::parse(data, data + size);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // step 2: round trip
+
+            // first serialization
+            std::string s1 = j1.dump();
+
+            // parse serialization
+            json j2 = json::parse(s1);
+
+            // second serialization
+            std::string s2 = j2.dump();
+
+            // serializations must match
+            assert(s1 == s2);
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error&)
+        {
+            // parsing a JSON serialization must not fail
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+    }
+    catch (const json::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
+    }
+
+    // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d6d99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
+array data, it performs the following steps:
+
+- j1 = from_msgpack(data)
+- vec = to_msgpack(j1)
+- j2 = from_msgpack(vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
+
+The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
+drivers.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // step 1: parse input
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1(data, data + size);
+        json j1 = json::from_msgpack(vec1);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // step 2: round trip
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_msgpack(j1);
+
+            // parse serialization
+            json j2 = json::from_msgpack(vec2);
+
+            // serializations must match
+            assert(json::to_msgpack(j2) == vec2);
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error&)
+        {
+            // parsing a MessagePack serialization must not fail
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+    }
+    catch (const json::type_error&)
+    {
+        // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+    catch (const json::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
+    }
+
+    // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6abd417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (fuzz test support)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
+array data, it performs the following steps:
+
+- j1 = from_ubjson(data)
+- vec = to_ubjson(j1)
+- j2 = from_ubjson(vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
+- vec2 = to_ubjson(j1, use_size = true, use_type = false)
+- j3 = from_ubjson(vec2)
+- assert(j1 == j3)
+- vec3 = to_ubjson(j1, use_size = true, use_type = true)
+- j4 = from_ubjson(vec3)
+- assert(j1 == j4)
+
+The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
+drivers.
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        // step 1: parse input
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1(data, data + size);
+        json j1 = json::from_ubjson(vec1);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // step 2.1: round trip without adding size annotations to container types
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_ubjson(j1, false, false);
+
+            // step 2.2: round trip with adding size annotations but without adding type annonations to container types
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 = json::to_ubjson(j1, true, false);
+
+            // step 2.3: round trip with adding size as well as type annotations to container types
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec4 = json::to_ubjson(j1, true, true);
+
+            // parse serialization
+            json j2 = json::from_ubjson(vec2);
+            json j3 = json::from_ubjson(vec3);
+            json j4 = json::from_ubjson(vec4);
+
+            // serializations must match
+            assert(json::to_ubjson(j2, false, false) == vec2);
+            assert(json::to_ubjson(j3, true, false) == vec3);
+            assert(json::to_ubjson(j4, true, true) == vec4);
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error&)
+        {
+            // parsing a UBJSON serialization must not fail
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+    }
+    catch (const json::type_error&)
+    {
+        // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+    }
+    catch (const json::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
+    }
+
+    // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/src/test_utils.hpp b/test/src/test_utils.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12c260e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/test_utils.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <fstream> // ifstream, istreambuf_iterator, ios
+#include <vector> // vector
+
+namespace utils
+{
+
+inline std::vector<std::uint8_t> read_binary_file(const std::string& filename)
+{
+    std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary);
+    file.unsetf(std::ios::skipws);
+
+    file.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
+    const auto size = file.tellg();
+    file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+
+    std::vector<std::uint8_t> byte_vector;
+    byte_vector.reserve(static_cast<std::size_t>(size));
+    byte_vector.insert(byte_vector.begin(), std::istream_iterator<std::uint8_t>(file), std::istream_iterator<std::uint8_t>());
+    return byte_vector;
+}
+
+} // namespace utils
diff --git a/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp b/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8776c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-algorithms.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("algorithms")
+{
+    json j_array = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz"};
+    json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+    SECTION("non-modifying sequence operations")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::all_of")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::all_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return !value.empty();
+            }));
+            CHECK(std::all_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.type() == json::value_t::number_integer;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::any_of")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::any_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.is_string() && value.get<std::string>() == "foo";
+            }));
+            CHECK(std::any_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.get<int>() > 1;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::none_of")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::none_of(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.empty();
+            }));
+            CHECK(std::none_of(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.get<int>() <= 0;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::for_each")
+        {
+            SECTION("reading")
+            {
+                int sum = 0;
+
+                std::for_each(j_array.cbegin(), j_array.cend(), [&sum](const json & value)
+                {
+                    if (value.is_number())
+                    {
+                        sum += static_cast<int>(value);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                CHECK(sum == 45);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("writing")
+            {
+                auto add17 = [](json & value)
+                {
+                    if (value.is_array())
+                    {
+                        value.push_back(17);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                std::for_each(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), add17);
+
+                CHECK(j_array[6] == json({1, 2, 3, 17}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::count")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::count(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), json(true)) == 1);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::count_if")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::count_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return (value.is_number());
+            }) == 3);
+            CHECK(std::count_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json&)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }) == 9);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::mismatch")
+        {
+            json j_array2 = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz"};
+            auto res = std::mismatch(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin());
+            CHECK(*res.first == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
+            CHECK(*res.second == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::equal")
+        {
+            SECTION("using operator==")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array.begin()));
+                CHECK(std::equal(j_object.begin(), j_object.end(), j_object.begin()));
+                CHECK(!std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_object.begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("using user-defined comparison")
+            {
+                // compare objects only by size of its elements
+                json j_array2 = {13, 29, 3, {"Hello", "World"}, true, false, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}, "foo", "baz"};
+                CHECK(!std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin()));
+                CHECK(std::equal(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), j_array2.begin(),
+                                 [](const json & a, const json & b)
+                {
+                    return (a.size() == b.size());
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::find")
+        {
+            auto it = std::find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), json(false));
+            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 5);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::find_if")
+        {
+            auto it = std::find_if(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
+                                   [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.is_boolean();
+            });
+            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 4);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::find_if_not")
+        {
+            auto it = std::find_if_not(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
+                                       [](const json & value)
+            {
+                return value.is_number();
+            });
+            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::adjacent_find")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::adjacent_find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()) == j_array.end());
+            CHECK(std::adjacent_find(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(),
+                                     [](const json & v1, const json & v2)
+            {
+                return v1.type() == v2.type();
+            }) == j_array.begin());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("modifying sequence operations")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::reverse")
+        {
+            std::reverse(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
+            CHECK(j_array == json({"baz", "foo", {1, 2, 3}, false, true, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, 3, 29, 13}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::rotate")
+        {
+            std::rotate(j_array.begin(), j_array.begin() + 1, j_array.end());
+            CHECK(j_array == json({29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", 13}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::partition")
+        {
+            auto it = std::partition(j_array.begin(), j_array.end(), [](const json & v)
+            {
+                return v.is_string();
+            });
+            CHECK(std::distance(j_array.begin(), it) == 2);
+            CHECK(!it[2].is_string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("sorting operations")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::sort")
+        {
+            SECTION("with standard comparison")
+            {
+                json j = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", nullptr};
+                std::sort(j.begin(), j.end());
+                CHECK(j == json({nullptr, false, true, 3, 13, 29, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, "baz", "foo"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("with user-defined comparison")
+            {
+                json j = {3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, nullptr};
+                std::sort(j.begin(), j.end(), [](const json & a, const json & b)
+                {
+                    return a.size() < b.size();
+                });
+                CHECK(j == json({nullptr, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("sorting an object")
+            {
+                json j({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}});
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::sort(j.begin(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(std::sort(j.begin(), j.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::partial_sort")
+        {
+            json j = {13, 29, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, true, false, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", nullptr};
+            std::partial_sort(j.begin(), j.begin() + 4, j.end());
+            CHECK(j == json({nullptr, false, true, 3, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, 29, {1, 2, 3}, "foo", "baz", 13}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("set operations")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::merge")
+        {
+            {
+                json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
+                json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
+                json j3;
+
+                std::merge(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
+                CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::set_difference")
+        {
+            json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
+            json j3;
+
+            std::set_difference(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
+            CHECK(j3 == json({4, 6, 8}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::set_intersection")
+        {
+            json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
+            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
+            json j3;
+
+            std::set_intersection(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
+            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 3, 5, 7}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::set_union")
+        {
+            json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
+            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
+            json j3;
+
+            std::set_union(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
+            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::set_symmetric_difference")
+        {
+            json j1 = {2, 4, 6, 8};
+            json j2 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7};
+            json j3;
+
+            std::set_symmetric_difference(j1.begin(), j1.end(), j2.begin(), j2.end(), std::back_inserter(j3));
+            CHECK(j3 == json({1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("heap operations")
+    {
+        std::make_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
+        CHECK(std::is_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()));
+        std::sort_heap(j_array.begin(), j_array.end());
+        CHECK(j_array == json({false, true, 3, 13, 29, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3}, "baz", "foo"}));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp b/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73602d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-allocator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace
+{
+// special test case to check if memory is leaked if constructor throws
+template<class T>
+struct bad_allocator : std::allocator<T>
+{
+    template<class... Args>
+    void construct(T* /*unused*/, Args&& ... /*unused*/)
+    {
+        throw std::bad_alloc();
+    }
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("bad_alloc")
+{
+    SECTION("bad_alloc")
+    {
+        // create JSON type using the throwing allocator
+        using bad_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map,
+              std::vector,
+              std::string,
+              bool,
+              std::int64_t,
+              std::uint64_t,
+              double,
+              bad_allocator>;
+
+        // creating an object should throw
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(bad_json(bad_json::value_t::object), std::bad_alloc&);
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+bool next_construct_fails = false;
+bool next_destroy_fails = false;
+bool next_deallocate_fails = false;
+
+template<class T>
+struct my_allocator : std::allocator<T>
+{
+    using std::allocator<T>::allocator;
+
+    template<class... Args>
+    void construct(T* p, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        if (next_construct_fails)
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+
+        ::new (reinterpret_cast<void*>(p)) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(T* p, std::size_t n)
+    {
+        if (next_deallocate_fails)
+        {
+            next_deallocate_fails = false;
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+
+        std::allocator<T>::deallocate(p, n);
+    }
+
+    void destroy(T* p)
+    {
+        if (next_destroy_fails)
+        {
+            next_destroy_fails = false;
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+
+        static_cast<void>(p); // fix MSVC's C4100 warning
+        p->~T();
+    }
+
+    template <class U>
+    struct rebind
+    {
+        using other = my_allocator<U>;
+    };
+};
+
+// allows deletion of raw pointer, usually hold by json_value
+template<class T>
+void my_allocator_clean_up(T* p)
+{
+    assert(p != nullptr);
+    my_allocator<T> alloc;
+    alloc.destroy(p);
+    alloc.deallocate(p, 1);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("controlled bad_alloc")
+{
+    // create JSON type using the throwing allocator
+    using my_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map,
+          std::vector,
+          std::string,
+          bool,
+          std::int64_t,
+          std::uint64_t,
+          double,
+          my_allocator>;
+
+    SECTION("class json_value")
+    {
+        SECTION("json_value(value_t)")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+                auto t = my_json::value_t::object;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).object));
+                next_construct_fails = true;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc&);
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+            }
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+                auto t = my_json::value_t::array;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).array));
+                next_construct_fails = true;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc&);
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+            }
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+                auto t = my_json::value_t::string;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(t).string));
+                next_construct_fails = true;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(t), std::bad_alloc&);
+                next_construct_fails = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("json_value(const string_t&)")
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            my_json::string_t v("foo");
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_allocator_clean_up(my_json::json_value(v).string));
+            next_construct_fails = true;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json::json_value(v), std::bad_alloc&);
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("class basic_json")
+    {
+        SECTION("basic_json(const CompatibleObjectType&)")
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> v {{"foo", "bar"}};
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(v));
+            next_construct_fails = true;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(v), std::bad_alloc&);
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+        }
+
+        SECTION("basic_json(const CompatibleArrayType&)")
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            std::vector<std::string> v {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(v));
+            next_construct_fails = true;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(v), std::bad_alloc&);
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+        }
+
+        SECTION("basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type*)")
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json("foo"));
+            next_construct_fails = true;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json("foo"), std::bad_alloc&);
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+        }
+
+        SECTION("basic_json(const typename string_t::value_type*)")
+        {
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+            std::string s("foo");
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(my_json(s));
+            next_construct_fails = true;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(my_json(s), std::bad_alloc&);
+            next_construct_fails = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+template<class T>
+struct allocator_no_forward : std::allocator<T>
+{
+    allocator_no_forward() = default;
+    template <class U>
+    allocator_no_forward(allocator_no_forward<U> /*unused*/) {}
+
+    template <class U>
+    struct rebind
+    {
+        using other =  allocator_no_forward<U>;
+    };
+
+    template <class... Args>
+    void construct(T* p, const Args& ... args) noexcept(noexcept(::new (static_cast<void*>(p)) T(args...)))
+    {
+        // force copy even if move is available
+        ::new (static_cast<void*>(p)) T(args...);
+    }
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("bad my_allocator::construct")
+{
+    SECTION("my_allocator::construct doesn't forward")
+    {
+        using bad_alloc_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map,
+              std::vector,
+              std::string,
+              bool,
+              std::int64_t,
+              std::uint64_t,
+              double,
+              allocator_no_forward>;
+
+        bad_alloc_json j;
+        j["test"] = bad_alloc_json::array_t();
+        j["test"].push_back("should not leak");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-alt-string.cpp b/test/src/unit-alt-string.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc6b498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-alt-string.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2018 Vitaliy Manushkin <agri@akamo.info>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+
+/* forward declarations */
+class alt_string;
+bool operator<(const char* op1, const alt_string& op2);
+void int_to_string(alt_string& target, std::size_t value);
+
+/*
+ * This is virtually a string class.
+ * It covers std::string under the hood.
+ */
+class alt_string
+{
+  public:
+    using value_type = std::string::value_type;
+
+    alt_string(const char* str): str_impl(str) {}
+    alt_string(const char* str, std::size_t count): str_impl(str, count) {}
+    alt_string(size_t count, char chr): str_impl(count, chr) {}
+    alt_string() = default;
+
+    template <typename...TParams>
+    alt_string& append(TParams&& ...params)
+    {
+        str_impl.append(std::forward<TParams>(params)...);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void push_back(char c)
+    {
+        str_impl.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename op_type>
+    bool operator==(const op_type& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl == op;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const alt_string& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl == op.str_impl;
+    }
+
+    template <typename op_type>
+    bool operator!=(const op_type& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl != op;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const alt_string& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl != op.str_impl;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return str_impl.size();
+    }
+
+    void resize (std::size_t n)
+    {
+        str_impl.resize(n);
+    }
+
+    void resize (std::size_t n, char c)
+    {
+        str_impl.resize(n, c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename op_type>
+    bool operator<(const op_type& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl < op;
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const alt_string& op) const
+    {
+        return str_impl < op.str_impl;
+    }
+
+    const char* c_str() const
+    {
+        return str_impl.c_str();
+    }
+
+    char& operator[](std::size_t index)
+    {
+        return str_impl[index];
+    }
+
+    const char& operator[](std::size_t index) const
+    {
+        return str_impl[index];
+    }
+
+    char& back()
+    {
+        return str_impl.back();
+    }
+
+    const char& back() const
+    {
+        return str_impl.back();
+    }
+
+    void clear()
+    {
+        str_impl.clear();
+    }
+
+    const value_type* data()
+    {
+        return str_impl.data();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::string str_impl {};
+
+    friend bool ::operator<(const char* /*op1*/, const alt_string& /*op2*/);
+};
+
+void int_to_string(alt_string& target, std::size_t value)
+{
+    target = std::to_string(value).c_str();
+}
+
+using alt_json = nlohmann::basic_json <
+                 std::map,
+                 std::vector,
+                 alt_string,
+                 bool,
+                 std::int64_t,
+                 std::uint64_t,
+                 double,
+                 std::allocator,
+                 nlohmann::adl_serializer >;
+
+
+bool operator<(const char* op1, const alt_string& op2)
+{
+    return op1 < op2.str_impl;
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("alternative string type")
+{
+    SECTION("dump")
+    {
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["pi"] = 3.141;
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"pi":3.141})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["happy"] = true;
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"happy":true})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["name"] = "I'm Batman";
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"name":"I'm Batman"})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["nothing"] = nullptr;
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"nothing":null})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["answer"]["everything"] = 42;
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"answer":{"everything":42}})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["list"] = { 1, 0, 2 };
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"list":[1,0,2]})");
+        }
+
+        {
+            alt_json doc;
+            doc["object"] = { {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} };
+            alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+            CHECK(dump == R"({"object":{"currency":"USD","value":42.99}})");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parse")
+    {
+        auto doc = alt_json::parse(R"({"foo": "bar"})");
+        alt_string dump = doc.dump();
+        CHECK(dump == R"({"foo":"bar"})");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("items")
+    {
+        auto doc = alt_json::parse(R"({"foo": "bar"})");
+
+        for (const auto& item : doc.items())
+        {
+            CHECK(item.key() == "foo");
+            CHECK(item.value() == "bar");
+        }
+
+        auto doc_array = alt_json::parse(R"(["foo", "bar"])");
+
+        for (const auto& item : doc_array.items())
+        {
+            if (item.key() == "0" )
+            {
+                CHECK( item.value() == "foo" );
+            }
+            else if (item.key() == "1" )
+            {
+                CHECK(item.value() == "bar");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                CHECK(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("equality")
+    {
+        alt_json doc;
+        doc["Who are you?"] = "I'm Batman";
+
+        CHECK("I'm Batman" == doc["Who are you?"]);
+        CHECK(doc["Who are you?"]  == "I'm Batman");
+        CHECK_FALSE("I'm Batman" != doc["Who are you?"]);
+        CHECK_FALSE(doc["Who are you?"]  != "I'm Batman");
+
+        CHECK("I'm Bruce Wayne" != doc["Who are you?"]);
+        CHECK(doc["Who are you?"]  != "I'm Bruce Wayne");
+        CHECK_FALSE("I'm Bruce Wayne" == doc["Who are you?"]);
+        CHECK_FALSE(doc["Who are you?"]  == "I'm Bruce Wayne");
+
+        {
+            const alt_json& const_doc = doc;
+
+            CHECK("I'm Batman" == const_doc["Who are you?"]);
+            CHECK(const_doc["Who are you?"] == "I'm Batman");
+            CHECK_FALSE("I'm Batman" != const_doc["Who are you?"]);
+            CHECK_FALSE(const_doc["Who are you?"] != "I'm Batman");
+
+            CHECK("I'm Bruce Wayne" != const_doc["Who are you?"]);
+            CHECK(const_doc["Who are you?"] != "I'm Bruce Wayne");
+            CHECK_FALSE("I'm Bruce Wayne" == const_doc["Who are you?"]);
+            CHECK_FALSE(const_doc["Who are you?"] == "I'm Bruce Wayne");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-assert_macro.cpp b/test/src/unit-assert_macro.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b98005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-assert_macro.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// avoid warning when assert does not abort
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+
+/// global variable to record side effect of assert calls
+static int assert_counter;
+
+/// set failure variable to true instead of calling assert(x)
+#define JSON_ASSERT(x) {if (!(x)) ++assert_counter; }
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+// the test assumes exceptions to work
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("JSON_ASSERT(x)")
+{
+    SECTION("basic_json(first, second)")
+    {
+        assert_counter = 0;
+        CHECK(assert_counter == 0);
+
+        json::iterator it;
+        json j;
+
+        // in case assertions do not abort execution, an exception is thrown
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(json(it, j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible", json::invalid_iterator);
+
+        // check that assertion actually happened
+        CHECK(assert_counter == 1);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-bson.cpp b/test/src/unit-bson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a79f0eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-bson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+#include "test_utils.hpp"
+
+TEST_CASE("BSON")
+{
+    SECTION("individual values not supported")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            SECTION("true")
+            {
+                json j = true;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is boolean");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("false")
+            {
+                json j = false;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is boolean");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            json j = 42;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is number");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("float")
+        {
+            json j = 4.2;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is number");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "not supported";
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is string");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j = std::vector<int> {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is array");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("keys containing code-point U+0000 cannot be serialized to BSON")
+    {
+        json j =
+        {
+            { std::string("en\0try", 6), true }
+        };
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::out_of_range&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.out_of_range.409] (/en) BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2)");
+#else
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.out_of_range.409] BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2)");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    SECTION("string length must be at least 1")
+    {
+        // from https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=11175
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> v =
+        {
+            0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
+            0x02,
+            0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80
+        };
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(v), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 10: syntax error while parsing BSON string: string length must be at least 1, is -2147483648");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("objects")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty object")
+        {
+            json j = json::object();
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                // no entries
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with bool")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", true }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x08,               // entry: boolean
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x01,           // value = true
+                0x00                    // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with bool")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", false }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x08,               // entry: boolean
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x00,           // value = false
+                0x00                    // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with double")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", 4.2 }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x01, /// entry: double
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0xcd, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x10, 0x40,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with string")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", "bsonstr" }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x02, /// entry: string (UTF-8)
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 'b', 's', 'o', 'n', 's', 't', 'r', '\x00',
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with null member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", nullptr }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x0A, /// entry: null
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with integer (32-bit) member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::int32_t{0x12345678} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x10, /// entry: int32
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with integer (64-bit) member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::int64_t{0x1234567804030201} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x12, /// entry: int64
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with negative integer (32-bit) member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::int32_t{-1} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x10, /// entry: int32
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with negative integer (64-bit) member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::int64_t{-1} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x10, /// entry: int32
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with unsigned integer (64-bit) member")
+        {
+            // directly encoding uint64 is not supported in bson (only for timestamp values)
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::uint64_t{0x1234567804030201} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x12, /// entry: int64
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with small unsigned integer member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", std::uint64_t{0x42} }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x10, /// entry: int32
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with object member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::object() }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x03, /// entry: embedded document
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+                0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                // no entries
+                0x00, // end marker (embedded document)
+
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with array member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::array() }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x04, /// entry: embedded document
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+                0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                // no entries
+                0x00, // end marker (embedded document)
+
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with non-empty array member")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::array({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}) }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x49, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x04, /// entry: embedded document
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+                0x3D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x10, '0', 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '1', 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '2', 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '3', 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '4', 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '5', 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '6', 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x10, '7', 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0x00, // end marker (embedded document)
+
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with binary member")
+        {
+            const size_t N = 10;
+            const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::binary(s, 0) }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x05, // entry: binary
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+                0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size of binary (little endian)
+                0x00, // Generic binary subtype
+                0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78,
+
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-empty object with binary member with subtype")
+        {
+            // an MD5 hash
+            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> md5hash = {0xd7, 0x7e, 0x27, 0x54, 0xbe, 0x12, 0x37, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0x0c, 0x33, 0x98, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x8d, 0xc4};
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::binary(md5hash, 5) }
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+                0x05, // entry: binary
+                'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+                0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size of binary (little endian)
+                0x05, // MD5 binary subtype
+                0xd7, 0x7e, 0x27, 0x54, 0xbe, 0x12, 0x37, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0x0c, 0x33, 0x98, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x8d, 0xc4,
+
+                0x00 // end marker
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Some more complex document")
+        {
+            // directly encoding uint64 is not supported in bson (only for timestamp values)
+            json j =
+            {
+                {"double", 42.5},
+                {"entry", 4.2},
+                {"number", 12345},
+                {"object", {{ "string", "value" }}}
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected =
+            {
+                /*size */ 0x4f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                /*entry*/ 0x01, 'd',  'o',  'u',  'b',  'l',  'e',  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x45, 0x40,
+                /*entry*/ 0x01, 'e',  'n',  't',  'r',  'y',  0x00, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x10, 0x40,
+                /*entry*/ 0x10, 'n',  'u',  'm',  'b',  'e',  'r',  0x00, 0x39, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,
+                /*entry*/ 0x03, 'o',  'b',  'j',  'e',  'c',  't',  0x00,
+                /*entry: obj-size */ 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                /*entry: obj-entry*/0x02, 's',  't',  'r',  'i',  'n',  'g', 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 'v', 'a', 'l', 'u', 'e', 0,
+                /*entry: obj-term.*/0x00,
+                /*obj-term*/ 0x00
+            };
+
+            const auto result = json::to_bson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Examples from http://bsonspec.org/faq.html")
+    {
+        SECTION("Example 1")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', 0x00, 0x00};
+            json parsed = json::from_bson(input);
+            json expected = {{"hello", "world"}};
+            CHECK(parsed == expected);
+            auto dumped = json::to_bson(parsed);
+            CHECK(dumped == input);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(dumped) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Example 2")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 'B', 'S', 'O', 'N', 0x00, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 'a', 'w', 'e', 's', 'o', 'm', 'e', 0x00, 0x01, 0x31, 0x00, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x14, 0x40, 0x10, 0x32, 0x00, 0xc2, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+            json parsed = json::from_bson(input);
+            json expected = {{"BSON", {"awesome", 5.05, 1986}}};
+            CHECK(parsed == expected);
+            auto dumped = json::to_bson(parsed);
+            CHECK(dumped == input);
+            CHECK(json::from_bson(dumped) == expected);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BSON input/output_adapters")
+{
+    json json_representation =
+    {
+        {"double", 42.5},
+        {"entry", 4.2},
+        {"number", 12345},
+        {"object", {{ "string", "value" }}}
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::uint8_t> bson_representation =
+    {
+        /*size */ 0x4f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /*entry*/ 0x01, 'd',  'o',  'u',  'b',  'l',  'e',  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x45, 0x40,
+        /*entry*/ 0x01, 'e',  'n',  't',  'r',  'y',  0x00, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x10, 0x40,
+        /*entry*/ 0x10, 'n',  'u',  'm',  'b',  'e',  'r',  0x00, 0x39, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /*entry*/ 0x03, 'o',  'b',  'j',  'e',  'c',  't',  0x00,
+        /*entry: obj-size */ 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /*entry: obj-entry*/0x02, 's',  't',  'r',  'i',  'n',  'g', 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 'v', 'a', 'l', 'u', 'e', 0,
+        /*entry: obj-term.*/0x00,
+        /*obj-term*/ 0x00
+    };
+
+    json j2;
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_bson(bson_representation));
+
+    // compare parsed JSON values
+    CHECK(json_representation == j2);
+
+    SECTION("roundtrips")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::ostringstream")
+        {
+            std::basic_ostringstream<std::uint8_t> ss;
+            json::to_bson(json_representation, ss);
+            json j3 = json::from_bson(ss.str());
+            CHECK(json_representation == j3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            std::string s;
+            json::to_bson(json_representation, s);
+            json j3 = json::from_bson(s);
+            CHECK(json_representation == j3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::vector")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> v;
+            json::to_bson(json_representation, v);
+            json j3 = json::from_bson(v);
+            CHECK(json_representation == j3);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+class SaxCountdown
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SaxCountdown(const int count) : events_left(count)
+    {}
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const json::exception& /*unused*/) // NOLINT(readability-convert-member-functions-to-static)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int events_left = 0;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Incomplete BSON Input")
+{
+    SECTION("Incomplete BSON Input 1")
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> incomplete_bson =
+        {
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+            0x08,                   // entry: boolean
+            'e', 'n', 't'           // unexpected EOF
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 9: syntax error while parsing BSON cstring: unexpected end of input");
+
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(incomplete_bson, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+        SaxCountdown scp(0);
+        CHECK(!json::sax_parse(incomplete_bson, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Incomplete BSON Input 2")
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> incomplete_bson =
+        {
+            0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+            0x08,                   // entry: boolean, unexpected EOF
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 6: syntax error while parsing BSON cstring: unexpected end of input");
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(incomplete_bson, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+        SaxCountdown scp(0);
+        CHECK(!json::sax_parse(incomplete_bson, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Incomplete BSON Input 3")
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> incomplete_bson =
+        {
+            0x41, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+            0x04, /// entry: embedded document
+            'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+            0x35, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x10, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+            // missing input data...
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 28: syntax error while parsing BSON element list: unexpected end of input");
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(incomplete_bson, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+        SaxCountdown scp(1);
+        CHECK(!json::sax_parse(incomplete_bson, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Incomplete BSON Input 4")
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> incomplete_bson =
+        {
+            0x0D, 0x00, // size (incomplete), unexpected EOF
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(incomplete_bson),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing BSON number: unexpected end of input");
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(incomplete_bson, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+        SaxCountdown scp(0);
+        CHECK(!json::sax_parse(incomplete_bson, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Improve coverage")
+    {
+        SECTION("key")
+        {
+            json j = {{"key", "value"}};
+            auto bson_vec = json::to_bson(j);
+            SaxCountdown scp(2);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bson_vec, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                { "entry", json::array() }
+            };
+            auto bson_vec = json::to_bson(j);
+            SaxCountdown scp(2);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bson_vec, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Negative size of binary value")
+{
+    // invalid BSON: the size of the binary value is -1
+    std::vector<std::uint8_t> input =
+    {
+        0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+        0x05, // entry: binary
+        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+
+        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // size of binary (little endian)
+        0x05, // MD5 binary subtype
+        0xd7, 0x7e, 0x27, 0x54, 0xbe, 0x12, 0x37, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0x0c, 0x33, 0x98, 0x30, 0x3b, 0x8d, 0xc4,
+
+        0x00 // end marker
+    };
+    json _;
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(input), json::parse_error);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(input), "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 15: syntax error while parsing BSON binary: byte array length cannot be negative, is -1");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Unsupported BSON input")
+{
+    std::vector<std::uint8_t> bson =
+    {
+        0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // size (little endian)
+        0xFF,                   // entry type: Min key (not supported yet)
+        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+        0x00 // end marker
+    };
+
+    json _;
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(bson), json::parse_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_bson(bson),
+                      "[json.exception.parse_error.114] parse error at byte 5: Unsupported BSON record type 0xFF");
+    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+    SaxCountdown scp(0);
+    CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bson, &scp, json::input_format_t::bson));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BSON numerical data")
+{
+    SECTION("number")
+    {
+        SECTION("signed")
+        {
+            SECTION("std::int64_t: INT64_MIN .. INT32_MIN-1")
+            {
+                std::vector<int64_t> numbers
+                {
+                    INT64_MIN,
+                    -1000000000000000000LL,
+                    -100000000000000000LL,
+                    -10000000000000000LL,
+                    -1000000000000000LL,
+                    -100000000000000LL,
+                    -10000000000000LL,
+                    -1000000000000LL,
+                    -100000000000LL,
+                    -10000000000LL,
+                    static_cast<std::int64_t>(INT32_MIN) - 1,
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+                    CHECK(j.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+
+                    std::uint64_t iu = *reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t*>(&i);
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x14u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x12u, /// entry: int64
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 4u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 5u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 6u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 7u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    const auto bson = json::to_bson(j);
+                    CHECK(bson == expected_bson);
+
+                    auto j_roundtrip = json::from_bson(bson);
+
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false) == j);
+
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            SECTION("signed std::int32_t: INT32_MIN .. INT32_MAX")
+            {
+                std::vector<int32_t> numbers
+                {
+                    INT32_MIN,
+                    -2147483647L,
+                    -1000000000L,
+                    -100000000L,
+                    -10000000L,
+                    -1000000L,
+                    -100000L,
+                    -10000L,
+                    -1000L,
+                    -100L,
+                    -10L,
+                    -1L,
+                    0L,
+                    1L,
+                    10L,
+                    100L,
+                    1000L,
+                    10000L,
+                    100000L,
+                    1000000L,
+                    10000000L,
+                    100000000L,
+                    1000000000L,
+                    2147483646L,
+                    INT32_MAX
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+                    CHECK(j.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+
+                    std::uint32_t iu = *reinterpret_cast<std::uint32_t*>(&i);
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x10u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x10u, /// entry: int32
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    const auto bson = json::to_bson(j);
+                    CHECK(bson == expected_bson);
+
+                    auto j_roundtrip = json::from_bson(bson);
+
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false) == j);
+
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("signed std::int64_t: INT32_MAX+1 .. INT64_MAX")
+            {
+                std::vector<int64_t> numbers
+                {
+                    INT64_MAX,
+                    1000000000000000000LL,
+                    100000000000000000LL,
+                    10000000000000000LL,
+                    1000000000000000LL,
+                    100000000000000LL,
+                    10000000000000LL,
+                    1000000000000LL,
+                    100000000000LL,
+                    10000000000LL,
+                    static_cast<std::int64_t>(INT32_MAX) + 1,
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+                    CHECK(j.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+
+                    std::uint64_t iu = *reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t*>(&i);
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x14u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x12u, /// entry: int64
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 4u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 5u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 6u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 7u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    const auto bson = json::to_bson(j);
+                    CHECK(bson == expected_bson);
+
+                    auto j_roundtrip = json::from_bson(bson);
+
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false) == j);
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned")
+        {
+            SECTION("unsigned std::uint64_t: 0 .. INT32_MAX")
+            {
+                std::vector<std::uint64_t> numbers
+                {
+                    0ULL,
+                    1ULL,
+                    10ULL,
+                    100ULL,
+                    1000ULL,
+                    10000ULL,
+                    100000ULL,
+                    1000000ULL,
+                    10000000ULL,
+                    100000000ULL,
+                    1000000000ULL,
+                    2147483646ULL,
+                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(INT32_MAX)
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+
+                    auto iu = i;
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x10u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x10u, /// entry: int32
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    const auto bson = json::to_bson(j);
+                    CHECK(bson == expected_bson);
+
+                    auto j_roundtrip = json::from_bson(bson);
+
+                    CHECK(j.at("entry").is_number_unsigned());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false) == j);
+
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned std::uint64_t: INT32_MAX+1 .. INT64_MAX")
+            {
+                std::vector<std::uint64_t> numbers
+                {
+                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(INT32_MAX) + 1,
+                    4000000000ULL,
+                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(UINT32_MAX),
+                    10000000000ULL,
+                    100000000000ULL,
+                    1000000000000ULL,
+                    10000000000000ULL,
+                    100000000000000ULL,
+                    1000000000000000ULL,
+                    10000000000000000ULL,
+                    100000000000000000ULL,
+                    1000000000000000000ULL,
+                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(INT64_MAX),
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+
+                    auto iu = i;
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x14u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x12u, /// entry: int64
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 4u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 5u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 6u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 7u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    const auto bson = json::to_bson(j);
+                    CHECK(bson == expected_bson);
+
+                    auto j_roundtrip = json::from_bson(bson);
+
+                    CHECK(j.at("entry").is_number_unsigned());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip.at("entry").is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j_roundtrip == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_bson(bson, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned std::uint64_t: INT64_MAX+1 .. UINT64_MAX")
+            {
+                std::vector<std::uint64_t> numbers
+                {
+                    static_cast<std::uint64_t>(INT64_MAX) + 1ULL,
+                    10000000000000000000ULL,
+                    18000000000000000000ULL,
+                    UINT64_MAX - 1ULL,
+                    UINT64_MAX,
+                };
+
+                for (auto i : numbers)
+                {
+
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+
+                    json j =
+                    {
+                        { "entry", i }
+                    };
+
+                    auto iu = i;
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected_bson =
+                    {
+                        0x14u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, // size (little endian)
+                        0x12u, /// entry: int64
+                        'e', 'n', 't', 'r', 'y', '\x00',
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 0u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 1u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 2u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 3u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 4u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 5u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 6u)) & 0xffu),
+                        static_cast<std::uint8_t>((iu >> (8u * 7u)) & 0xffu),
+                        0x00u // end marker
+                    };
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::to_bson(j), json::out_of_range&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.out_of_range.407] (/entry) integer number " + std::to_string(i) + " cannot be represented by BSON as it does not fit int64");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(json::to_bson(j), "[json.exception.out_of_range.407] integer number " + std::to_string(i) + " cannot be represented by BSON as it does not fit int64");
+#endif
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BSON roundtrips" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("reference files")
+    {
+        for (std::string filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::vector<std::uint8_t>");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse BSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".bson");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_bson(packed));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::ifstream");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse BSON file
+                std::ifstream f_bson(filename + ".bson", std::ios::binary);
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_bson(f_bson));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": uint8_t* and size");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse BSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".bson");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_bson({packed.data(), packed.size()}));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output to output adapters");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse BSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".bson");
+
+                {
+                    INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output adapters: std::vector<std::uint8_t>");
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> vec;
+                    json::to_bson(j1, vec);
+
+                    if (vec != packed)
+                    {
+                        // the exact serializations may differ due to the order of
+                        // object keys; in these cases, just compare whether both
+                        // serializations create the same JSON value
+                        CHECK(json::from_bson(vec) == json::from_bson(packed));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-byte_container_with_subtype.cpp b/test/src/unit-byte_container_with_subtype.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c16265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-byte_container_with_subtype.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("byte_container_with_subtype")
+{
+    using subtype_type = nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>>::subtype_type;
+
+    SECTION("empty container")
+    {
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container;
+
+        CHECK(!container.has_subtype());
+        CHECK(container.subtype() == subtype_type(-1));
+
+        container.clear_subtype();
+        CHECK(!container.has_subtype());
+        CHECK(container.subtype() == subtype_type(-1));
+
+        container.set_subtype(42);
+        CHECK(container.has_subtype());
+        CHECK(container.subtype() == 42);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("subtyped container")
+    {
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container({}, 42);
+        CHECK(container.has_subtype());
+        CHECK(container.subtype() == 42);
+
+        container.clear_subtype();
+        CHECK(!container.has_subtype());
+        CHECK(container.subtype() == subtype_type(-1));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("comparisons")
+    {
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> bytes = {{0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}};
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container1;
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container2({}, 42);
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container3(bytes);
+        nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> container4(bytes, 42);
+
+        CHECK(container1 == container1);
+        CHECK(container1 != container2);
+        CHECK(container1 != container3);
+        CHECK(container1 != container4);
+        CHECK(container2 != container1);
+        CHECK(container2 == container2);
+        CHECK(container2 != container3);
+        CHECK(container2 != container4);
+        CHECK(container3 != container1);
+        CHECK(container3 != container2);
+        CHECK(container3 == container3);
+        CHECK(container3 != container4);
+        CHECK(container4 != container1);
+        CHECK(container4 != container2);
+        CHECK(container4 != container3);
+        CHECK(container4 == container4);
+
+        container3.clear();
+        container4.clear();
+
+        CHECK(container1 == container3);
+        CHECK(container2 == container4);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp b/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78089df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-capacity.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("capacity")
+{
+    SECTION("empty()")
+    {
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == true);
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == true);
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of empty")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                    CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = -23;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == true);
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == true);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of empty")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.empty() == (j.begin() == j.end()));
+                CHECK(j_const.empty() == (j_const.begin() == j_const.end()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("size()")
+    {
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.size() == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.size() == 3);
+                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 3);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.size() == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                const json j_const(j);
+
+                SECTION("result of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.size() == 3);
+                    CHECK(j_const.size() == 3);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("definition of size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                    CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = -23;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 1);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            const json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("result of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.size() == 0);
+                CHECK(j_const.size() == 0);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("definition of size")
+            {
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.begin(), j.end()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.begin(), j_const.end()) == j_const.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j.rbegin(), j.rend()) == j.size());
+                CHECK(std::distance(j_const.crbegin(), j_const.crend()) == j_const.size());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("max_size()")
+    {
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            const json j_const = true;
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            const json j_const = "hello world";
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                const json j_const = json::array();
+
+                SECTION("result of max_size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
+                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                const json j_const = {1, 2, 3};
+
+                SECTION("result of max_size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
+                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                const json j_const = json::object();
+
+                SECTION("result of max_size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
+                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                const json j_const = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+
+                SECTION("result of max_size")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.max_size() >= j.size());
+                    CHECK(j_const.max_size() >= j_const.size());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = -23;
+            const json j_const = -23;
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            const json j_const = 23u;
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            const json j_const = 23.42;
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 1);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            const json j_const = nullptr;
+
+            SECTION("result of max_size")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.max_size() == 0);
+                CHECK(j_const.max_size() == 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp b/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f48dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-cbor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2758 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <set>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+#include "test_utils.hpp"
+
+namespace
+{
+class SaxCountdown
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SaxCountdown(const int count) : events_left(count)
+    {}
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const json::exception& /*unused*/) // NOLINT(readability-convert-member-functions-to-static)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int events_left = 0;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("CBOR")
+{
+    SECTION("individual values")
+    {
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            // discarded values are not serialized
+            json j = json::value_t::discarded;
+            const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+            CHECK(result.empty());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("NaN")
+        {
+            // NaN value
+            json j = std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::quiet_NaN();
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xf9, 0x7e, 0x00};
+            const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Infinity")
+        {
+            // Infinity value
+            json j = std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::infinity();
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xf9, 0x7c, 0x00};
+            const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xf6};
+            const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            SECTION("true")
+            {
+                json j = true;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xf5};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("false")
+            {
+                json j = false;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xf4};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("signed")
+            {
+                SECTION("-9223372036854775808..-4294967297")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int64_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back(INT64_MIN);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-4294967297);
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3b));
+                        auto positive = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1 - i);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 56) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 48) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 40) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 32) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(positive & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x3b);
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == positive);
+                        CHECK(-1 - static_cast<int64_t>(restored) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-4294967296..-65537")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int64_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back(-65537);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-4294967296);
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3a));
+                        auto positive = static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1 - i) & 0x00000000ffffffff);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(positive & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x3a);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == positive);
+                        CHECK(-1LL - restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-65536..-257")
+                {
+                    for (int32_t i = -65536; i <= -257; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x39));
+                        auto positive = static_cast<uint16_t>(-1 - i);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((positive >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(positive & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x39);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == positive);
+                        CHECK(-1 - restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-9263 (int 16)")
+                {
+                    json j = -9263;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x39, 0x24, 0x2e};
+
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>(-1 - ((result[1] << 8) + result[2]));
+                    CHECK(restored == -9263);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-256..-24")
+                {
+                    for (auto i = -256; i < -24; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x38);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(-1 - i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x38);
+                        CHECK(static_cast<int16_t>(-1 - result[1]) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-24..-1")
+                {
+                    for (auto i = -24; i <= -1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x20 - 1 - static_cast<uint8_t>(i)));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(static_cast<int8_t>(0x20 - 1 - result[0]) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("0..23")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 23; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("24..255")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 24; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x18));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x18);
+                        CHECK(result[1] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..65535")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 65535; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x19));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x19);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..4294967295")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x1a);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x1a);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("4294967296..4611686018427387903")
+                {
+                    for (uint64_t i :
+                            {
+                                4294967296ul, 4611686018427387903ul
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x1b);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x1b);
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-32768..-129 (int 16)")
+                {
+                    for (int16_t i = -32768; i <= int16_t(-129); ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xd1);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xd1);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned")
+            {
+                SECTION("0..23 (Integer)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 23; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("24..255 (one-byte uint8_t)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 24; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x18);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x18);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..65535 (two-byte uint16_t)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 65535; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x19);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x19);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..4294967295 (four-byte uint32_t)")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x1a);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x1a);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("4294967296..4611686018427387903 (eight-byte uint64_t)")
+                {
+                    for (uint64_t i :
+                            {
+                                4294967296ul, 4611686018427387903ul
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0x1b);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0x1b);
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("double-precision float")
+            {
+                SECTION("3.1415925")
+                {
+                    double v = 3.1415925;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xfb, 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x3f, 0xa6, 0xde, 0xfc
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("single-precision float")
+            {
+                SECTION("0.5")
+                {
+                    double v = 0.5;
+                    json j = v;
+                    // its double-precision float binary value is
+                    // {0xfb, 0x3f, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
+                    // but to save memory, we can store it as single-precision float.
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xfa, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("0.0")
+                {
+                    double v = 0.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    // its double-precision binary value is:
+                    // {0xfb, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("-0.0")
+                {
+                    double v = -0.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    // its double-precision binary value is:
+                    // {0xfb, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xfa, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("100.0")
+                {
+                    double v = 100.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    // its double-precision binary value is:
+                    // {0xfb, 0x40, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xfa, 0x42, 0xc8, 0x00, 0x00};
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("200.0")
+                {
+                    double v = 200.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    // its double-precision binary value is:
+                    // {0xfb, 0x40, 0x69, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xfa, 0x43, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00};
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("3.40282e+38(max float)")
+                {
+                    float v = (std::numeric_limits<float>::max)();
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xfa, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("-3.40282e+38(lowest float)")
+                {
+                    auto v = static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest());
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xfa, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("1 + 3.40282e+38(more than max float)")
+                {
+                    double v = static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()) + 0.1e+34;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xfb, 0x47, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x03, 0x04, 0xdc, 0x64, 0x49
+                    };
+                    // double
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+                SECTION("-1 - 3.40282e+38(less than lowest float)")
+                {
+                    double v = static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest()) - 1.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xfa, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff
+                    };
+                    // the same with lowest float
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == v);
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            SECTION("half-precision float (edge cases)")
+            {
+                SECTION("errors")
+                {
+                    SECTION("no byte follows")
+                    {
+                        json _;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9})), json::parse_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9})),
+                                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9}), true, false).is_discarded());
+                    }
+                    SECTION("only one byte follows")
+                    {
+                        json _;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7c})), json::parse_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7c})),
+                                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+                        CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7c}), true, false).is_discarded());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("exp = 0b00000")
+                {
+                    SECTION("0 (0 00000 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x00, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == 0.0);
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("-0 (1 00000 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x80, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == -0.0);
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("2**-24 (0 00000 0000000001)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x00, 0x01}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == std::pow(2.0, -24.0));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("exp = 0b11111")
+                {
+                    SECTION("infinity (0 11111 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7c, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::infinity());
+                        CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("-infinity (1 11111 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xfc, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == -std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::infinity());
+                        CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("other values from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format")
+                {
+                    SECTION("1 (0 01111 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x3c, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == 1);
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("-2 (1 10000 0000000000)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xc0, 0x00}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == -2);
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("65504 (0 11110 1111111111)")
+                    {
+                        json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7b, 0xff}));
+                        json::number_float_t d{j};
+                        CHECK(d == 65504);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("infinity")
+                {
+                    json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7c, 0x00}));
+                    json::number_float_t d{j};
+                    CHECK(!std::isfinite(d));
+                    CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("NaN")
+                {
+                    json j = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7e, 0x00}));
+                    json::number_float_t d{j};
+                    CHECK(std::isnan(d));
+                    CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..23")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 0; N <= 0x17; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x60 + N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 1);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 24..255")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 24; N <= 255; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 2);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..65535")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 65535u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0x79);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..4294967295")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0x7a);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 5);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x80};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[null]")
+            {
+                json j = {nullptr};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x81, 0xf6};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[1,2,3,4,5]")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x85, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[[[[]]]]")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse("[[[[]]]]");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x81, 0x81, 0x81, 0x80};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array with uint16_t elements")
+            {
+                json j(257, nullptr);
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 3, 0xf6); // all null
+                expected[0] = 0x99; // array 16 bit
+                expected[1] = 0x01; // size (0x0101), byte 0
+                expected[2] = 0x01; // size (0x0101), byte 1
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array with uint32_t elements")
+            {
+                json j(65793, nullptr);
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 5, 0xf6); // all null
+                expected[0] = 0x9a; // array 32 bit
+                expected[1] = 0x00; // size (0x00010101), byte 0
+                expected[2] = 0x01; // size (0x00010101), byte 1
+                expected[3] = 0x01; // size (0x00010101), byte 2
+                expected[4] = 0x01; // size (0x00010101), byte 3
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xa0};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"\":null}")
+            {
+                json j = {{"", nullptr}};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xa1, 0x60, 0xf6};
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"a\": {\"b\": {\"c\": {}}}}")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse(R"({"a": {"b": {"c": {}}}})");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                {
+                    0xa1, 0x61, 0x61, 0xa1, 0x61, 0x62, 0xa1, 0x61, 0x63, 0xa0
+                };
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object with uint8_t elements")
+            {
+                json j;
+                for (auto i = 0; i < 255; ++i)
+                {
+                    // format i to a fixed width of 5
+                    // each entry will need 7 bytes: 6 for string, 1 for null
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << std::setw(5) << std::setfill('0') << i;
+                    j.emplace(ss.str(), nullptr);
+                }
+
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+                // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
+                // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
+                // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
+                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // roundtrip check.
+                CHECK(result.size() == 1787); // 1 type, 1 size, 255*7 content
+                CHECK(result[0] == 0xb8); // map 8 bit
+                CHECK(result[1] == 0xff); // size byte (0xff)
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object with uint16_t elements")
+            {
+                json j;
+                for (auto i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
+                {
+                    // format i to a fixed width of 5
+                    // each entry will need 7 bytes: 6 for string, 1 for null
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << std::setw(5) << std::setfill('0') << i;
+                    j.emplace(ss.str(), nullptr);
+                }
+
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+                // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
+                // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
+                // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
+                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // roundtrip check.
+                CHECK(result.size() == 1795); // 1 type, 2 size, 256*7 content
+                CHECK(result[0] == 0xb9); // map 16 bit
+                CHECK(result[1] == 0x01); // byte 0 of size (0x0100)
+                CHECK(result[2] == 0x00); // byte 1 of size (0x0100)
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object with uint32_t elements")
+            {
+                json j;
+                for (auto i = 0; i < 65536; ++i)
+                {
+                    // format i to a fixed width of 5
+                    // each entry will need 7 bytes: 6 for string, 1 for null
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << std::setw(5) << std::setfill('0') << i;
+                    j.emplace(ss.str(), nullptr);
+                }
+
+                const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+                // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
+                // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
+                // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
+                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // roundtrip check.
+                CHECK(result.size() == 458757); // 1 type, 4 size, 65536*7 content
+                CHECK(result[0] == 0xba); // map 32 bit
+                CHECK(result[1] == 0x00); // byte 0 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[2] == 0x01); // byte 1 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[3] == 0x00); // byte 2 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[4] == 0x00); // byte 3 of size (0x00010000)
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..23")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 0; N <= 0x17; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x40 + N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 1);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 24..255")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 24; N <= 255; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(0x58);
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 2);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..65535")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 65535u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0x59);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..4294967295")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0x5a);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_cbor(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 5);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("indefinite size")
+            {
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0x5F, 0x44, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0x43, 0xee, 0xff, 0x99, 0xFF};
+                auto j = json::from_cbor(input);
+                CHECK(j.is_binary());
+                auto k = json::binary({0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0x99});
+                CAPTURE(j.dump(0, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::strict))
+                CHECK(j == k);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("binary in array")
+            {
+                // array with three empty byte strings
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0x83, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::from_cbor(input));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("binary in object")
+            {
+                // object mapping "foo" to empty byte string
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0xA1, 0x63, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x40};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::from_cbor(input));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("SAX callback with binary")
+            {
+                // object mapping "foo" to byte string
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0xA1, 0x63, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x41, 0x00};
+
+                // callback to set binary_seen to true if a binary value was seen
+                bool binary_seen = false;
+                auto callback = [&binary_seen](int /*depth*/, json::parse_event_t /*event*/, json & parsed)
+                {
+                    if (parsed.is_binary())
+                    {
+                        binary_seen = true;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                };
+
+                json j;
+                auto cbp = nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser<json>(j, callback, true);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(input, &cbp, json::input_format_t::cbor));
+                CHECK(j.at("foo").is_binary());
+                CHECK(binary_seen);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("additional deserialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("0x5b (byte array)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> given = {0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x61
+                                         };
+            json j = json::from_cbor(given);
+            CHECK(j == json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {'a'}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("0x7b (string)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> given = {0x7b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x61
+                                         };
+            json j = json::from_cbor(given);
+            CHECK(j == "a");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("0x9b (array)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> given = {0x9b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xf4
+                                         };
+            json j = json::from_cbor(given);
+            CHECK(j == json::parse("[false]"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("0xbb (map)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> given = {0xbb, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x60, 0xf4
+                                         };
+            json j = json::from_cbor(given);
+            CHECK(j == json::parse("{\"\": false}"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty byte vector")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>()), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>()),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>(), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("too short byte vector")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62, 0x60})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F, 0x60})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x01})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9F, 0x01})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0x61, 0xF5})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xA1, 0x61, 0X61})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0X61})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x41})), json::parse_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 6: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 7: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 9: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62, 0x60})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F, 0x60})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x01})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9F, 0x01})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0x61, 0xF5})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xA1, 0x61, 0x61})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0x61})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR binary: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR binary: expected length specification (0x40-0x5B) or indefinite binary array type (0x5F); last byte: 0x00");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x41})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR binary: unexpected end of input");
+
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62, 0x60}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7F, 0x60}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9F, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0x61, 0xF5}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xA1, 0x61, 0x61}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xBF, 0x61, 0x61}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x5F, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x41}), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsupported bytes")
+        {
+            SECTION("concrete examples")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1c})), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1c})),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0x1C");
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1c}), true, false).is_discarded());
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf8})), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf8})),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0xF8");
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf8}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("all unsupported bytes")
+            {
+                for (auto byte :
+                        {
+                            // ?
+                            0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+                            // ?
+                            0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+                            // ?
+                            0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e,
+                            // ?
+                            0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e,
+                            // ?
+                            0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e,
+                            // ?
+                            0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe,
+                            // date/time
+                            0xc0, 0xc1,
+                            // bignum
+                            0xc2, 0xc3,
+                            // fraction
+                            0xc4,
+                            // bigfloat
+                            0xc5,
+                            // tagged item
+                            0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4,
+                            // expected conversion
+                            0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+                            // more tagged items
+                            0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb,
+                            // ?
+                            0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+                            // (simple value)
+                            0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3,
+                            // undefined
+                            0xf7,
+                            // simple value
+                            0xf8
+                        })
+                {
+                    json _;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(byte)})), json::parse_error&);
+                    CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(byte)}), true, false).is_discarded());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("invalid string in map")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa1, 0xff, 0x01})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa1, 0xff, 0x01})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0xFF");
+            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa1, 0xff, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("strict mode")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {0xf6, 0xf6};
+            SECTION("non-strict mode")
+            {
+                const auto result = json::from_cbor(vec, false);
+                CHECK(result == json());
+                CHECK(!json::from_cbor(vec, false, false).is_discarded());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("strict mode")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: expected end of input; last byte: 0xF6");
+                CHECK(json::from_cbor(vec, true, false).is_discarded());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("SAX aborts")
+    {
+        SECTION("start_array(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x83, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::cbor));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("start_object(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0xA1, 0x63, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0xF4};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::cbor));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("key()")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0xA1, 0x63, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0xF4};
+            SaxCountdown scp(1);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::cbor));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// use this testcase outside [hide] to run it with Valgrind
+TEST_CASE("single CBOR roundtrip")
+{
+    SECTION("sample.json")
+    {
+        std::string filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json";
+
+        // parse JSON file
+        std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+        json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+        // parse CBOR file
+        auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".cbor");
+        json j2;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_cbor(packed));
+
+        // compare parsed JSON values
+        CHECK(j1 == j2);
+
+        SECTION("roundtrips")
+        {
+            SECTION("std::ostringstream")
+            {
+                std::basic_ostringstream<std::uint8_t> ss;
+                json::to_cbor(j1, ss);
+                json j3 = json::from_cbor(ss.str());
+                CHECK(j1 == j3);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::string")
+            {
+                std::string s;
+                json::to_cbor(j1, s);
+                json j3 = json::from_cbor(s);
+                CHECK(j1 == j3);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check with different start index
+        packed.insert(packed.begin(), 5, 0xff);
+        CHECK(j1 == json::from_cbor(packed.begin() + 5, packed.end()));
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("CBOR regressions")
+{
+    SECTION("fuzz test results")
+    {
+        /*
+        The following test cases were found during a two-day session with
+        AFL-Fuzz. As a result, empty byte vectors and excessive lengths are
+        detected.
+        */
+        for (std::string filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test01",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test02",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test03",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test04",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test05",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test06",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test07",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test08",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test09",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test10",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test11",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test12",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test13",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test14",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test15",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test16",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test17",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test18",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test19",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test20",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/cbor_regression/test21"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+
+            try
+            {
+                // parse CBOR file
+                auto vec1 = utils::read_binary_file(filename);
+                json j1 = json::from_cbor(vec1);
+
+                try
+                {
+                    // step 2: round trip
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_cbor(j1);
+
+                    // parse serialization
+                    json j2 = json::from_cbor(vec2);
+
+                    // deserializations must match
+                    CHECK(j1 == j2);
+                }
+                catch (const json::parse_error&)
+                {
+                    // parsing a CBOR serialization must not fail
+                    CHECK(false);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (const json::parse_error&)
+            {
+                // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_CASE("CBOR roundtrips" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("input from flynn")
+    {
+        // most of these are excluded due to differences in key order (not a real problem)
+        std::set<std::string> exclude_packed;
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json"); // kills AppVeyor
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json");
+
+        for (std::string filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip01.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip02.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip03.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip04.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip05.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip06.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip07.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip08.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip09.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip10.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip11.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip12.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip13.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip14.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip15.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip17.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip18.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip19.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip20.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip21.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip22.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip23.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip24.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip25.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip26.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip27.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip28.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip29.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip30.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip31.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip32.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json", // kills AppVeyor
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_arraysWithSpaces.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty-string.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_ending_with_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_false.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_heterogeneous.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_1_and_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_several_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_trailing_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e+1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_after_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_close_to_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_huge_neg_exp.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_huge_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_int_with_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_minus_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_one.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_neg_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_pos_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_exponent.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_fraction_exponent.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_exp.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_overflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_exponent.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_overflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_underflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_real.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_neg_int.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_pos_int.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_very_big_negative_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_basic.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key_and_value.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_escaped_null_in_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_extreme_numbers.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_simple.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_string_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_with_newlines.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_1_2_3_bytes_UTF-8_sequences.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_UTF-16_Surrogates_U+1D11E_MUSICAL_SYMBOL_G_CLEF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pair.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pairs.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_allowed_escapes.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_and_u_escaped_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_doublequotes.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_comments.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_a.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_n.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_control_character.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_noncharacter.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_last_surrogates_1_and_2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_newline_uescaped.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+10FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+1FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_null_escape.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_one-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_pi.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_simple_ascii.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_three-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_two-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2028_line_sep.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2029_par_sep.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_uEscape.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unescaped_char_delete.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicodeEscapedBackslash.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+200B_ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+2064_invisible_plus.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_escaped_double_quote.json",
+                    // TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_with_del_character.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_false.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_negative_real.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_string.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_true.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_string_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_trailing_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_true_in_array.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_whitespace_array.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse CBOR file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".cbor");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_cbor(packed));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::ifstream");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse CBOR file
+                std::ifstream f_cbor(filename + ".cbor", std::ios::binary);
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_cbor(f_cbor));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": uint8_t* and size");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse CBOR file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".cbor");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_cbor({packed.data(), packed.size()}));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output to output adapters");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse CBOR file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".cbor");
+
+                if (exclude_packed.count(filename) == 0u)
+                {
+                    {
+                        INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output adapters: std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> vec;
+                        json::to_cbor(j1, vec);
+                        CHECK(vec == packed);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("all CBOR first bytes")
+{
+    // these bytes will fail immediately with exception parse_error.112
+    std::set<uint8_t> unsupported =
+    {
+        //// types not supported by this library
+
+        // date/time
+        0xc0, 0xc1,
+        // bignum
+        0xc2, 0xc3,
+        // decimal fracion
+        0xc4,
+        // bigfloat
+        0xc5,
+        // tagged item
+        0xc6, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd,
+        0xce, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd8,
+        0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb,
+        // expected conversion
+        0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+        // simple value
+        0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+        0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xef, 0xf0,
+        0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3,
+        0xf8,
+        // undefined
+        0xf7,
+
+        //// bytes not specified by CBOR
+
+        0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+        0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
+        0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e,
+        0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e,
+        0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e,
+        0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe,
+        0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+        0xee,
+        0xfc, 0xfe, 0xfd,
+
+        /// break cannot be the first byte
+
+        0xff
+    };
+
+    for (auto i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
+    {
+        const auto byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);
+
+        try
+        {
+            auto res = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>(1, byte));
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error& e)
+        {
+            // check that parse_error.112 is only thrown if the
+            // first byte is in the unsupported set
+            INFO_WITH_TEMP(e.what());
+            if (unsupported.find(byte) != unsupported.end())
+            {
+                CHECK(e.id == 112);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                CHECK(e.id != 112);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_CASE("examples from RFC 7049 Appendix A")
+{
+    SECTION("numbers")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x00})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x01}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x01})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("10")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x0a}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("10") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x0a})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("23")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x17}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("23") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x17})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("24")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x18}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("24") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x18})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("25")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x19}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("25") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x19})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("100")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x64}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("100") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x18, 0x64})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1000")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19, 0x03, 0xe8}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1000") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x19, 0x03, 0xe8})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1000000")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x42, 0x40}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1000000") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1a, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x42, 0x40})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1000000000000")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe8, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0x10, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1000000000000") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xe8, 0xd4, 0xa5, 0x10, 0x00})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("18446744073709551615")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("18446744073709551615") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x1b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff})));
+
+        // positive bignum is not supported
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("18446744073709551616")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc2, 0x49, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}));
+        //CHECK(json::parse("18446744073709551616") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc2, 0x49, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})));
+
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-18446744073709551616")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x3b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}));
+        //CHECK(json::parse("-18446744073709551616") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x3b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff})));
+
+        // negative bignum is not supported
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-18446744073709551617")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc3, 0x49, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}));
+        //CHECK(json::parse("-18446744073709551617") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc3, 0x49, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-1")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x20}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-1") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x20})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-10")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x29}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-10") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x29})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-100")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x38, 0x63}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-100") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x38, 0x63})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-1000")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x39, 0x03, 0xe7}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-1000") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x39, 0x03, 0xe7})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("0.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x00, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("0.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x00, 0x00})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-0.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x80, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-0.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x80, 0x00})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x3c, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x3c, 0x00})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1.1")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0x3f, 0xf1, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x9a}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.1") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0x3f, 0xf1, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x9a})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1.5")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x3e, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.5") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x3e, 0x00})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("65504.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7b, 0xff}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("65504.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x7b, 0xff})));
+
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("100000.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfa, 0x47, 0xc3, 0x50, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("100000.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfa, 0x47, 0xc3, 0x50, 0x00})));
+
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("3.4028234663852886e+38")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfa, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("3.4028234663852886e+38") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfa, 0x7f, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("1.0e+300")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0x7e, 0x37, 0xe4, 0x3c, 0x88, 0x00, 0x75, 0x9c}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.0e+300") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0x7e, 0x37, 0xe4, 0x3c, 0x88, 0x00, 0x75, 0x9c})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("5.960464477539063e-8")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x00, 0x01}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-4.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xc4, 0x00})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("0.00006103515625")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0x04, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-4.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xc4, 0x00})));
+
+        // half-precision float
+        //CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-4.0")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xc4, 0x00}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-4.0") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf9, 0xc4, 0x00})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("-4.1")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0xc0, 0x10, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("-4.1") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xfb, 0xc0, 0x10, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66})));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("simple values")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("false")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf4}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("false") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf4})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("true")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf5}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("true") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf5})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("true")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf5}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("true") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xf5})));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("strings")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x60}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x60})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"a\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x61, 0x61}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"a\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x61, 0x61})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"IETF\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x64, 0x49, 0x45, 0x54, 0x46}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"IETF\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x64, 0x49, 0x45, 0x54, 0x46})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"\\u00fc\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62, 0xc3, 0xbc}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\u00fc\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x62, 0xc3, 0xbc})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"\\u6c34\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x63, 0xe6, 0xb0, 0xb4}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\u6c34\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x63, 0xe6, 0xb0, 0xb4})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("\"\\ud800\\udd51\"")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x64, 0xf0, 0x90, 0x85, 0x91}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\ud800\\udd51\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x64, 0xf0, 0x90, 0x85, 0x91})));
+
+        // indefinite length strings
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"streaming\"") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7f, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0xff})));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("byte arrays")
+    {
+        auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/binary_data/cbor_binary.cbor");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j = json::from_cbor(packed));
+
+        auto expected = utils::read_binary_file(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/binary_data/cbor_binary.out");
+        CHECK(j == json::binary(expected));
+
+        // 0xd8
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 0x42)) == std::vector<uint8_t> {0xd8, 0x42, 0x40});
+        CHECK(!json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 0x42)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore).get_binary().has_subtype());
+        CHECK(json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 0x42)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store).get_binary().subtype() == 0x42);
+        // 0xd9
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 1000)) == std::vector<uint8_t> {0xd9, 0x03, 0xe8, 0x40});
+        CHECK(!json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 1000)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore).get_binary().has_subtype());
+        CHECK(json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 1000)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store).get_binary().subtype() == 1000);
+        // 0xda
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 394216)) == std::vector<uint8_t> {0xda, 0x00, 0x06, 0x03, 0xe8, 0x40});
+        CHECK(!json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 394216)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore).get_binary().has_subtype());
+        CHECK(json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 394216)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store).get_binary().subtype() == 394216);
+        // 0xdb
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 8589934590)) == std::vector<uint8_t> {0xdb, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x40});
+        CHECK(!json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 8589934590)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore).get_binary().has_subtype());
+        CHECK(json::from_cbor(json::to_cbor(json::binary(std::vector<uint8_t> {}, 8589934590)), true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store).get_binary().subtype() == 8589934590);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("arrays")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("[]")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x80}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x80})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("[1, 2, 3]")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, 2, 3]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x82, 0x04, 0x05}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x82, 0x04, 0x05})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x19}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x98, 0x19, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x19})));
+
+        // indefinite length arrays
+        CHECK(json::parse("[]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9f, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]] ") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9f, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x9f, 0x04, 0x05, 0xff, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9f, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x82, 0x04, 0x05, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03, 0x9f, 0x04, 0x05, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, [2, 3], [4, 5]]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x83, 0x01, 0x9f, 0x02, 0x03, 0xff, 0x82, 0x04, 0x05})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x9f, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x19, 0xff})));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("objects")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("{}")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa0}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("{}") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa0})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("{\"a\": 1, \"b\": [2, 3]}")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa2, 0x61, 0x61, 0x01, 0x61, 0x62, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("{\"a\": 1, \"b\": [2, 3]}") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa2, 0x61, 0x61, 0x01, 0x61, 0x62, 0x82, 0x02, 0x03})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("[\"a\", {\"b\": \"c\"}]")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x61, 0x61, 0xa1, 0x61, 0x62, 0x61, 0x63}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[\"a\", {\"b\": \"c\"}]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x61, 0x61, 0xa1, 0x61, 0x62, 0x61, 0x63})));
+
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(json::parse("{\"a\": \"A\", \"b\": \"B\", \"c\": \"C\", \"d\": \"D\", \"e\": \"E\"}")) == std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa5, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x41, 0x61, 0x62, 0x61, 0x42, 0x61, 0x63, 0x61, 0x43, 0x61, 0x64, 0x61, 0x44, 0x61, 0x65, 0x61, 0x45}));
+        CHECK(json::parse("{\"a\": \"A\", \"b\": \"B\", \"c\": \"C\", \"d\": \"D\", \"e\": \"E\"}") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa5, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x41, 0x61, 0x62, 0x61, 0x42, 0x61, 0x63, 0x61, 0x43, 0x61, 0x64, 0x61, 0x44, 0x61, 0x65, 0x61, 0x45})));
+
+        // indefinite length objects
+        CHECK(json::parse("{\"a\": 1, \"b\": [2, 3]}") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xbf, 0x61, 0x61, 0x01, 0x61, 0x62, 0x9f, 0x02, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("[\"a\", {\"b\": \"c\"}]") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x82, 0x61, 0x61, 0xbf, 0x61, 0x62, 0x61, 0x63, 0xff})));
+        CHECK(json::parse("{\"Fun\": true, \"Amt\": -2}") == json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xbf, 0x63, 0x46, 0x75, 0x6e, 0xf5, 0x63, 0x41, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x21, 0xff})));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Tagged values")
+{
+    json j = "s";
+    auto v = json::to_cbor(j);
+
+    SECTION("0xC6..0xD4")
+    {
+        for (auto b : std::vector<std::uint8_t>
+    {
+        0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0xCC, 0xCD, 0xCE, 0xCF, 0xD0, 0xD1, 0xD2, 0xD3, 0xD4
+    })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(b);
+
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), b);
+
+            // check that parsing fails in error mode
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+
+            // check that parsing succeeds and gets original value in ignore mode
+            auto j_tagged = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+            CHECK(j_tagged == j);
+
+            auto j_tagged_stored = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store);
+            CHECK(j_tagged_stored == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("0xD8 - 1 byte follows")
+    {
+        SECTION("success")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xD8); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in error mode
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+
+            // check that parsing succeeds and gets original value in ignore mode
+            auto j_tagged = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+            CHECK(j_tagged == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("missing byte after tag")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xD8); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in all modes
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("0xD9 - 2 byte follow")
+    {
+        SECTION("success")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xD9); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in error mode
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+
+            // check that parsing succeeds and gets original value in ignore mode
+            auto j_tagged = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+            CHECK(j_tagged == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("missing byte after tag")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xD9); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in all modes
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("0xDA - 4 bytes follow")
+    {
+        SECTION("success")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xDA); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in error mode
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+
+            // check that parsing succeeds and gets original value in ignore mode
+            auto j_tagged = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+            CHECK(j_tagged == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("missing bytes after tag")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xDA); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in all modes
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("0xDB - 8 bytes follow")
+    {
+        SECTION("success")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xDB); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in error mode
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+
+            // check that parsing succeeds and gets original value in ignore mode
+            auto j_tagged = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+            CHECK(j_tagged == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("missing byte after tag")
+        {
+            // add tag to value
+            auto v_tagged = v;
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x42); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x23); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x22); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0x11); // 1 byte
+            v_tagged.insert(v_tagged.begin(), 0xDB); // tag
+
+            // check that parsing fails in all modes
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error), json::parse_error);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(v_tagged, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("tagged binary")
+    {
+        // create a binary value of subtype 42
+        json j_binary;
+        j_binary["binary"] = json::binary({0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, 42);
+
+        // convert to CBOR
+        const auto vec = json::to_cbor(j_binary);
+        CHECK(vec == std::vector<std::uint8_t> {0xA1, 0x66, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x61, 0x72, 0x79, 0xD8, 0x2A, 0x44, 0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE});
+
+        // parse error when parsing tagged value
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), json::parse_error);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 9: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0xD8");
+
+        // binary without subtype when tags are ignored
+        json jb = json::from_cbor(vec, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore);
+        CHECK(jb.is_object());
+        CHECK(jb["binary"].is_binary());
+        CHECK(!jb["binary"].get_binary().has_subtype());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31f256c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_const_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("const_iterator class")
+{
+    SECTION("construction")
+    {
+        SECTION("constructor")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy assignment")
+        {
+            json j(json::value_t::null);
+            json::const_iterator it(&j);
+            json::const_iterator it2(&j);
+            it2 = it;
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy constructor from non-const iterator")
+        {
+            SECTION("create from uninitialized iterator")
+            {
+                const json::iterator it {};
+                json::const_iterator cit(it);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("create from initialized iterator")
+            {
+                json j;
+                const json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                json::const_iterator cit(it);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("initialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("set_begin")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.cbegin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.cbegin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.cbegin()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("set_end")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.cend()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.cend()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::const_iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.cend()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("element access")
+    {
+        SECTION("operator*")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(*it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(*it == json(17));
+                it = j.cend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(*it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(*it == json("bar"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(*it == json(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator->")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::string(it->type_name()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(std::string(it->type_name()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "number");
+                it = j.cend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::string(it->type_name()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(std::string(it->type_name()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "string");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "number");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("increment/decrement")
+    {
+        SECTION("post-increment")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("pre-increment")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("post-decrement")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("pre-decrement")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cend();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffca050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_iterator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("iterator class")
+{
+    SECTION("construction")
+    {
+        SECTION("constructor")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy assignment")
+        {
+            json j(json::value_t::null);
+            json::iterator it(&j);
+            json::iterator it2(&j);
+            it2 = it;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("initialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("set_begin")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_begin();
+                CHECK((it == j.begin()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("set_end")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::array);
+                json::iterator it(&j);
+                it.set_end();
+                CHECK((it == j.end()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("element access")
+    {
+        SECTION("operator*")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(*it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(*it == json(17));
+                it = j.end();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(*it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(*it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(*it == json("bar"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(*it == json(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator->")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::string(it->type_name()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(std::string(it->type_name()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "number");
+                it = j.end();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(std::string(it->type_name()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(std::string(it->type_name()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "string");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(std::string(it->type_name()) == "number");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("increment/decrement")
+    {
+        SECTION("post-increment")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it++;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("pre-increment")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                ++it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("post-decrement")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                it--;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("pre-decrement")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::null);
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number")
+            {
+                json j(17);
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 1));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it == 0));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 0 && it.m_it.primitive_iterator.m_it != 1));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j({{"foo", "bar"}});
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.object_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.object->begin()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::iterator it = j.end();
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+                --it;
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator == it.m_object->m_value.array->begin()));
+                CHECK((it.m_it.array_iterator != it.m_object->m_value.array->end()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60ca321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_lexer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace
+{
+// shortcut to scan a string literal
+json::lexer::token_type scan_string(const char* s, bool ignore_comments = false);
+json::lexer::token_type scan_string(const char* s, const bool ignore_comments)
+{
+    auto ia = nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s);
+    return nlohmann::detail::lexer<json, decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia), ignore_comments).scan(); // NOLINT(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+}
+} // namespace
+
+std::string get_error_message(const char* s, bool ignore_comments = false);
+std::string get_error_message(const char* s, const bool ignore_comments)
+{
+    auto ia = nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s);
+    auto lexer = nlohmann::detail::lexer<json, decltype(ia)>(std::move(ia), ignore_comments); // NOLINT(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
+    lexer.scan();
+    return lexer.get_error_message();
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("lexer class")
+{
+    SECTION("scan")
+    {
+        SECTION("structural characters")
+        {
+            CHECK((scan_string("[") == json::lexer::token_type::begin_array));
+            CHECK((scan_string("]") == json::lexer::token_type::end_array));
+            CHECK((scan_string("{") == json::lexer::token_type::begin_object));
+            CHECK((scan_string("}") == json::lexer::token_type::end_object));
+            CHECK((scan_string(",") == json::lexer::token_type::value_separator));
+            CHECK((scan_string(":") == json::lexer::token_type::name_separator));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("literal names")
+        {
+            CHECK((scan_string("null") == json::lexer::token_type::literal_null));
+            CHECK((scan_string("true") == json::lexer::token_type::literal_true));
+            CHECK((scan_string("false") == json::lexer::token_type::literal_false));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("numbers")
+        {
+            CHECK((scan_string("0") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("1") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("2") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("3") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("4") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("5") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("6") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("7") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("8") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+            CHECK((scan_string("9") == json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned));
+
+            CHECK((scan_string("-0") == json::lexer::token_type::value_integer));
+            CHECK((scan_string("-1") == json::lexer::token_type::value_integer));
+
+            CHECK((scan_string("1.1") == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
+            CHECK((scan_string("-1.1") == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
+            CHECK((scan_string("1E10") == json::lexer::token_type::value_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("whitespace")
+        {
+            // result is end_of_input, because not token is following
+            CHECK((scan_string(" ") == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+            CHECK((scan_string("\t") == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+            CHECK((scan_string("\n") == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+            CHECK((scan_string("\r") == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+            CHECK((scan_string(" \t\n\r\n\t ") == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("token_type_name")
+    {
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::uninitialized)) == "<uninitialized>"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_true)) == "true literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_false)) == "false literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::literal_null)) == "null literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_string)) == "string literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_unsigned)) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_integer)) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_float)) == "number literal"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_array)) == "'['"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::begin_object)) == "'{'"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_array)) == "']'"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_object)) == "'}'"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::name_separator)) == "':'"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::value_separator)) == "','"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::parse_error)) == "<parse error>"));
+        CHECK((std::string(json::lexer::token_type_name(json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input)) == "end of input"));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parse errors on first character")
+    {
+        for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
+        {
+            // create string from the ASCII code
+            const auto s = std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c));
+            // store scan() result
+            const auto res = scan_string(s.c_str());
+
+            CAPTURE(s)
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+                // single characters that are valid tokens
+                case ('['):
+                case (']'):
+                case ('{'):
+                case ('}'):
+                case (','):
+                case (':'):
+                case ('0'):
+                case ('1'):
+                case ('2'):
+                case ('3'):
+                case ('4'):
+                case ('5'):
+                case ('6'):
+                case ('7'):
+                case ('8'):
+                case ('9'):
+                {
+                    CHECK((res != json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // whitespace
+                case (' '):
+                case ('\t'):
+                case ('\n'):
+                case ('\r'):
+                {
+                    CHECK((res == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // anything else is not expected
+                default:
+                {
+                    CHECK((res == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("very large string")
+    {
+        // strings larger than 1024 bytes yield a resize of the lexer's yytext buffer
+        std::string s("\"");
+        s += std::string(2048, 'x');
+        s += "\"";
+        CHECK((scan_string(s.c_str()) == json::lexer::token_type::value_string));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("fail on comments")
+    {
+        CHECK((scan_string("/", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/", false) == "invalid literal");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("/!", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/!", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/*", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/**", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/**", false) == "invalid literal");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("//", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("//", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/**/", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/**/", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/** /", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/** /", false) == "invalid literal");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("/***/", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/***/", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/* true */", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/* true */", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*/**/", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/*/**/", false) == "invalid literal");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*/* */", false) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/*/* */", false) == "invalid literal");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("ignore comments")
+    {
+        CHECK((scan_string("/", true) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/", true) == "invalid comment; expecting '/' or '*' after '/'");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("/!", true) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/!", true) == "invalid comment; expecting '/' or '*' after '/'");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*", true) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/*", true) == "invalid comment; missing closing '*/'");
+        CHECK((scan_string("/**", true) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/**", true) == "invalid comment; missing closing '*/'");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("//", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/**/", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/** /", true) == json::lexer::token_type::parse_error));
+        CHECK(get_error_message("/** /", true) == "invalid comment; missing closing '*/'");
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("/***/", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/* true */", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*/**/", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/*/* */", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+
+        CHECK((scan_string("//\n//\n", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+        CHECK((scan_string("/**//**//**/", true) == json::lexer::token_type::end_of_input));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp b/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2688618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1833 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <valarray>
+
+namespace
+{
+class SaxEventLogger
+{
+  public:
+    bool null()
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("null()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val)
+    {
+        events.emplace_back(val ? "boolean(true)" : "boolean(false)");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t val)
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_integer(" + std::to_string(val) + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t val)
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_unsigned(" + std::to_string(val) + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*unused*/, const std::string& s)
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_float(" + s + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& val)
+    {
+        events.push_back("string(" + val + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(json::binary_t& val)
+    {
+        std::string binary_contents = "binary(";
+        std::string comma_space;
+        for (auto b : val)
+        {
+            binary_contents.append(comma_space);
+            binary_contents.append(std::to_string(static_cast<int>(b)));
+            comma_space = ", ";
+        }
+        binary_contents.append(")");
+        events.push_back(binary_contents);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t elements)
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_object()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_object(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& val)
+    {
+        events.push_back("key(" + val + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("end_object()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t elements)
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_array()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_array(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("end_array()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& /*unused*/, const json::exception& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        errored = true;
+        events.push_back("parse_error(" + std::to_string(position) + ")");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> events {};
+    bool errored = false;
+};
+
+class SaxCountdown : public nlohmann::json::json_sax_t
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SaxCountdown(const int count) : events_left(count)
+    {}
+
+    bool null() override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*val*/, const std::string& /*s*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(json::binary_t& /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*elements*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& /*val*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object() override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*elements*/) override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array() override
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*position*/, const std::string& /*last_token*/, const json::exception& /*ex*/) override
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int events_left = 0;
+};
+
+json parser_helper(const std::string& s);
+bool accept_helper(const std::string& s);
+void comments_helper(const std::string& s);
+
+json parser_helper(const std::string& s)
+{
+    json j;
+    json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s)).parse(true, j);
+
+    // if this line was reached, no exception occurred
+    // -> check if result is the same without exceptions
+    json j_nothrow;
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s), nullptr, false).parse(true, j_nothrow));
+    CHECK(j_nothrow == j);
+
+    json j_sax;
+    nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json> sdp(j_sax);
+    json::sax_parse(s, &sdp);
+    CHECK(j_sax == j);
+
+    comments_helper(s);
+
+    return j;
+}
+
+bool accept_helper(const std::string& s)
+{
+    CAPTURE(s)
+
+    // 1. parse s without exceptions
+    json j;
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s), nullptr, false).parse(true, j));
+    const bool ok_noexcept = !j.is_discarded();
+
+    // 2. accept s
+    const bool ok_accept = json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s)).accept(true);
+
+    // 3. check if both approaches come to the same result
+    CHECK(ok_noexcept == ok_accept);
+
+    // 4. parse with SAX (compare with relaxed accept result)
+    SaxEventLogger el;
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(json::sax_parse(s, &el, json::input_format_t::json, false));
+    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s)).accept(false) == !el.errored);
+
+    // 5. parse with simple callback
+    json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, json& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return true;
+    };
+    json j_cb = json::parse(s, cb, false);
+    const bool ok_noexcept_cb = !j_cb.is_discarded();
+
+    // 6. check if this approach came to the same result
+    CHECK(ok_noexcept == ok_noexcept_cb);
+
+    // 7. check if comments are properly ignored
+    if (ok_accept)
+    {
+        comments_helper(s);
+    }
+
+    // 8. return result
+    return ok_accept;
+}
+
+void comments_helper(const std::string& s)
+{
+    json _;
+
+    // parse/accept with default parser
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(s));
+    CHECK(json::accept(s));
+
+    // parse/accept while skipping comments
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(s, nullptr, false, true));
+    CHECK(json::accept(s, true));
+
+    std::vector<std::string> json_with_comments;
+
+    // start with a comment
+    json_with_comments.push_back(std::string("// this is a comment\n") + s);
+    json_with_comments.push_back(std::string("/* this is a comment */") + s);
+    // end with a comment
+    json_with_comments.push_back(s + "// this is a comment");
+    json_with_comments.push_back(s + "/* this is a comment */");
+
+    // check all strings
+    for (const auto& json_with_comment : json_with_comments)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(json_with_comment)
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_with_comment), json::parse_error);
+        CHECK(!json::accept(json_with_comment));
+
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_with_comment, nullptr, true, true));
+        CHECK(json::accept(json_with_comment, true));
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("parser class")
+{
+    SECTION("parse")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            CHECK(parser_helper("null") == json(nullptr));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("true")
+        {
+            CHECK(parser_helper("true") == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("false")
+        {
+            CHECK(parser_helper("false") == json(false));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                CHECK(parser_helper("[]") == json(json::value_t::array));
+                CHECK(parser_helper("[ ]") == json(json::value_t::array));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonempty array")
+            {
+                CHECK(parser_helper("[true, false, null]") == json({true, false, nullptr}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                CHECK(parser_helper("{}") == json(json::value_t::object));
+                CHECK(parser_helper("{ }") == json(json::value_t::object));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonempty object")
+            {
+                CHECK(parser_helper("{\"\": true, \"one\": 1, \"two\": null}") == json({{"", true}, {"one", 1}, {"two", nullptr}}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            // empty string
+            CHECK(parser_helper("\"\"") == json(json::value_t::string));
+
+            SECTION("errors")
+            {
+                // error: tab in string
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\t\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\t\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \\u0009 or \\t; last read: '\"<U+0009>'");
+                // error: newline in string
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\n\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\r\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\n\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 2, column 0: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000A (LF) must be escaped to \\u000A or \\n; last read: '\"<U+000A>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\r\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000D (CR) must be escaped to \\u000D or \\r; last read: '\"<U+000D>'");
+                // error: backspace in string
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\b\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\b\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0008 (BS) must be escaped to \\u0008 or \\b; last read: '\"<U+0008>'");
+                // improve code coverage
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\uFF01"), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("[-4:1,]"), json::parse_error&);
+                // unescaped control characters
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x00\""), json::parse_error&); // NOLINT(bugprone-string-literal-with-embedded-nul)
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x01\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x02\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x03\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x04\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x05\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x06\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x07\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x08\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x09\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0a\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0b\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0c\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0d\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0e\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x0f\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x10\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x11\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x12\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x13\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x14\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x15\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x16\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x17\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x18\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x19\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1a\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1b\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1c\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1d\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1e\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\x1f\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x00\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: missing closing quote; last read: '\"'"); // NOLINT(bugprone-string-literal-with-embedded-nul)
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x01\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0001 (SOH) must be escaped to \\u0001; last read: '\"<U+0001>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x02\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0002 (STX) must be escaped to \\u0002; last read: '\"<U+0002>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x03\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0003 (ETX) must be escaped to \\u0003; last read: '\"<U+0003>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x04\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0004 (EOT) must be escaped to \\u0004; last read: '\"<U+0004>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x05\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0005 (ENQ) must be escaped to \\u0005; last read: '\"<U+0005>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x06\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0006 (ACK) must be escaped to \\u0006; last read: '\"<U+0006>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x07\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0007 (BEL) must be escaped to \\u0007; last read: '\"<U+0007>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x08\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0008 (BS) must be escaped to \\u0008 or \\b; last read: '\"<U+0008>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x09\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \\u0009 or \\t; last read: '\"<U+0009>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0a\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 2, column 0: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000A (LF) must be escaped to \\u000A or \\n; last read: '\"<U+000A>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0b\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000B (VT) must be escaped to \\u000B; last read: '\"<U+000B>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0c\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000C (FF) must be escaped to \\u000C or \\f; last read: '\"<U+000C>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0d\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000D (CR) must be escaped to \\u000D or \\r; last read: '\"<U+000D>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0e\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000E (SO) must be escaped to \\u000E; last read: '\"<U+000E>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x0f\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+000F (SI) must be escaped to \\u000F; last read: '\"<U+000F>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x10\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0010 (DLE) must be escaped to \\u0010; last read: '\"<U+0010>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x11\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0011 (DC1) must be escaped to \\u0011; last read: '\"<U+0011>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x12\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0012 (DC2) must be escaped to \\u0012; last read: '\"<U+0012>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x13\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0013 (DC3) must be escaped to \\u0013; last read: '\"<U+0013>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x14\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0014 (DC4) must be escaped to \\u0014; last read: '\"<U+0014>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x15\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0015 (NAK) must be escaped to \\u0015; last read: '\"<U+0015>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x16\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0016 (SYN) must be escaped to \\u0016; last read: '\"<U+0016>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x17\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0017 (ETB) must be escaped to \\u0017; last read: '\"<U+0017>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x18\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0018 (CAN) must be escaped to \\u0018; last read: '\"<U+0018>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x19\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0019 (EM) must be escaped to \\u0019; last read: '\"<U+0019>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1a\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001A (SUB) must be escaped to \\u001A; last read: '\"<U+001A>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1b\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001B (ESC) must be escaped to \\u001B; last read: '\"<U+001B>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1c\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001C (FS) must be escaped to \\u001C; last read: '\"<U+001C>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1d\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001D (GS) must be escaped to \\u001D; last read: '\"<U+001D>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1e\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001E (RS) must be escaped to \\u001E; last read: '\"<U+001E>'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\x1f\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+001F (US) must be escaped to \\u001F; last read: '\"<U+001F>'");
+
+                SECTION("additional test for null byte")
+                {
+                    // The test above for the null byte is wrong, because passing
+                    // a string to the parser only reads int until it encounters
+                    // a null byte. This test inserts the null byte later on and
+                    // uses an iterator range.
+                    std::string s = "\"1\"";
+                    s[1] = '\0';
+                    json _;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(s.begin(), s.end()), json::parse_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(s.begin(), s.end()), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0000 (NUL) must be escaped to \\u0000; last read: '\"<U+0000>'");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("escaped")
+            {
+                // quotation mark "\""
+                auto r1 = R"("\"")"_json;
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\\"\"") == r1);
+                // reverse solidus "\\"
+                auto r2 = R"("\\")"_json;
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\\\\"") == r2);
+                // solidus
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\/\"") == R"("/")"_json);
+                // backspace
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\b\"") == json("\b"));
+                // formfeed
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\f\"") == json("\f"));
+                // newline
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\n\"") == json("\n"));
+                // carriage return
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\r\"") == json("\r"));
+                // horizontal tab
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\t\"") == json("\t"));
+
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u0001\"").get<json::string_t>() == "\x01");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u000a\"").get<json::string_t>() == "\n");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u00b0\"").get<json::string_t>() == "°");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u0c00\"").get<json::string_t>() == "ఀ");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\ud000\"").get<json::string_t>() == "퀀");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u000E\"").get<json::string_t>() == "\x0E");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u00F0\"").get<json::string_t>() == "ð");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u0100\"").get<json::string_t>() == "Ā");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u2000\"").get<json::string_t>() == " ");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\uFFFF\"").get<json::string_t>() == "￿");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\u20AC\"").get<json::string_t>() == "€");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"€\"").get<json::string_t>() == "€");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"🎈\"").get<json::string_t>() == "🎈");
+
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\ud80c\\udc60\"").get<json::string_t>() == "\xf0\x93\x81\xa0");
+                CHECK(parser_helper("\"\\ud83c\\udf1e\"").get<json::string_t>() == "🌞");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("integers")
+            {
+                SECTION("without exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-128") == json(-128));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0") == json(-0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("0") == json(0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("128") == json(128));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("with exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("0e1") == json(0e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("0E1") == json(0e1));
+
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E-4") == json(10000e-4));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E-3") == json(10000e-3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E-2") == json(10000e-2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E-1") == json(10000e-1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E0") == json(10000e0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E1") == json(10000e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E2") == json(10000e2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E3") == json(10000e3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000E4") == json(10000e4));
+
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e-4") == json(10000e-4));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e-3") == json(10000e-3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e-2") == json(10000e-2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e-1") == json(10000e-1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e0") == json(10000e0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e1") == json(10000e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e2") == json(10000e2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e3") == json(10000e3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10000e4") == json(10000e4));
+
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0e1") == json(-0e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0E1") == json(-0e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0E123") == json(-0e123));
+
+                    // numbers after exponent
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E0") == json(10e0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E1") == json(10e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E2") == json(10e2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E3") == json(10e3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E4") == json(10e4));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E5") == json(10e5));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E6") == json(10e6));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E7") == json(10e7));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E8") == json(10e8));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E9") == json(10e9));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+0") == json(10e0));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+1") == json(10e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+2") == json(10e2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+3") == json(10e3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+4") == json(10e4));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+5") == json(10e5));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+6") == json(10e6));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+7") == json(10e7));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+8") == json(10e8));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E+9") == json(10e9));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-1") == json(10e-1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-2") == json(10e-2));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-3") == json(10e-3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-4") == json(10e-4));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-5") == json(10e-5));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-6") == json(10e-6));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-7") == json(10e-7));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-8") == json(10e-8));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("10E-9") == json(10e-9));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("edge cases")
+                {
+                    // From RFC8259, Section 6:
+                    // Note that when such software is used, numbers that are
+                    // integers and are in the range [-(2**53)+1, (2**53)-1]
+                    // are interoperable in the sense that implementations will
+                    // agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+                    // -(2**53)+1
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-9007199254740991").get<int64_t>() == -9007199254740991);
+                    // (2**53)-1
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("9007199254740991").get<int64_t>() == 9007199254740991);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64 bit integers)
+                {
+                    // While RFC8259, Section 6 specifies a preference for support
+                    // for ranges in range of IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision)
+                    // this does not accommodate 64 bit integers without loss of accuracy.
+                    // As 64 bit integers are now widely used in software, it is desirable
+                    // to expand support to to the full 64 bit (signed and unsigned) range
+                    // i.e. -(2**63) -> (2**64)-1.
+
+                    // -(2**63)    ** Note: compilers see negative literals as negated positive numbers (hence the -1))
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-9223372036854775808").get<int64_t>() == -9223372036854775807 - 1);
+                    // (2**63)-1
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("9223372036854775807").get<int64_t>() == 9223372036854775807);
+                    // (2**64)-1
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("18446744073709551615").get<uint64_t>() == 18446744073709551615u);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("floating-point")
+            {
+                SECTION("without exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-128.5") == json(-128.5));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("0.999") == json(0.999));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("128.5") == json(128.5));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0.0") == json(-0.0));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("with exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-128.5E3") == json(-128.5E3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-128.5E-3") == json(-128.5E-3));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0.0e1") == json(-0.0e1));
+                    CHECK(parser_helper("-0.0E1") == json(-0.0e1));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("overflow")
+            {
+                // overflows during parsing yield an exception
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1.18973e+4932").empty(), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1.18973e+4932").empty(),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '1.18973e+4932'");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid numbers")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("01"),      json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("--1"),     json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1."),      json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1E"),      json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1E-"),     json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1.E1"),    json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-1E"),     json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0E#"),    json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0E-#"),   json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0#"),     json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0.0:"),   json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0.0Z"),   json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0E123:"), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0e0-:"),  json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0e-:"),   json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0f"),     json::parse_error&);
+
+                // numbers must not begin with "+"
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("+1"), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("+0"), json::parse_error&);
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("01"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected number literal; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-01"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected number literal; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("--1"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '--'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1."),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '.'; last read: '1.'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1E"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1E-"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after exponent sign; last read: '1E-'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1.E1"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '.'; last read: '1.E'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-1E"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '-1E'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0E#"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '-0E#'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0E-#"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after exponent sign; last read: '-0E-#'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0#"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: '-0#'; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0.0:"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ':'; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0.0Z"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: '-0.0Z'; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0E123:"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ':'; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0e0-:"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '-:'; expected end of input");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0e-:"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after exponent sign; last read: '-0e-:'");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0f"),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: '-0f'; expected end of input");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("accept")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            CHECK(accept_helper("null"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("true")
+        {
+            CHECK(accept_helper("true"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("false")
+        {
+            CHECK(accept_helper("false"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                CHECK(accept_helper("[]"));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("[ ]"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonempty array")
+            {
+                CHECK(accept_helper("[true, false, null]"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                CHECK(accept_helper("{}"));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("{ }"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonempty object")
+            {
+                CHECK(accept_helper("{\"\": true, \"one\": 1, \"two\": null}"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            // empty string
+            CHECK(accept_helper("\"\""));
+
+            SECTION("errors")
+            {
+                // error: tab in string
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\t\"") == false);
+                // error: newline in string
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\n\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\r\"") == false);
+                // error: backspace in string
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\b\"") == false);
+                // improve code coverage
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\uFF01") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("[-4:1,]") == false);
+                // unescaped control characters
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x00\"") == false); // NOLINT(bugprone-string-literal-with-embedded-nul)
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x01\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x02\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x03\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x04\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x05\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x06\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x07\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x08\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x09\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0a\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0b\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0c\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0d\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0e\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x0f\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x10\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x11\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x12\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x13\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x14\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x15\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x16\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x17\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x18\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x19\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1a\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1b\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1c\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1d\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1e\"") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\x1f\"") == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("escaped")
+            {
+                // quotation mark "\""
+                auto r1 = R"("\"")"_json;
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\\"\""));
+                // reverse solidus "\\"
+                auto r2 = R"("\\")"_json;
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\\\\""));
+                // solidus
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\/\""));
+                // backspace
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\b\""));
+                // formfeed
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\f\""));
+                // newline
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\n\""));
+                // carriage return
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\r\""));
+                // horizontal tab
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\t\""));
+
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u0001\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u000a\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u00b0\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u0c00\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\ud000\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u000E\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u00F0\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u0100\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u2000\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\uFFFF\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u20AC\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"€\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"🎈\""));
+
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\ud80c\\udc60\""));
+                CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\ud83c\\udf1e\""));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("integers")
+            {
+                SECTION("without exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-128"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("0"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("128"));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("with exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("0e1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("0E1"));
+
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E-4"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E-3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E-2"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E-1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E0"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E2"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000E4"));
+
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e-4"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e-3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e-2"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e-1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e0"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e2"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("10000e4"));
+
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0e1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0E1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0E123"));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("edge cases")
+                {
+                    // From RFC8259, Section 6:
+                    // Note that when such software is used, numbers that are
+                    // integers and are in the range [-(2**53)+1, (2**53)-1]
+                    // are interoperable in the sense that implementations will
+                    // agree exactly on their numeric values.
+
+                    // -(2**53)+1
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-9007199254740991"));
+                    // (2**53)-1
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("9007199254740991"));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64 bit integers)
+                {
+                    // While RFC8259, Section 6 specifies a preference for support
+                    // for ranges in range of IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision)
+                    // this does not accommodate 64 bit integers without loss of accuracy.
+                    // As 64 bit integers are now widely used in software, it is desirable
+                    // to expand support to to the full 64 bit (signed and unsigned) range
+                    // i.e. -(2**63) -> (2**64)-1.
+
+                    // -(2**63)    ** Note: compilers see negative literals as negated positive numbers (hence the -1))
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-9223372036854775808"));
+                    // (2**63)-1
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("9223372036854775807"));
+                    // (2**64)-1
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("18446744073709551615"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("floating-point")
+            {
+                SECTION("without exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-128.5"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("0.999"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("128.5"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0.0"));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("with exponent")
+                {
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-128.5E3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-128.5E-3"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0.0e1"));
+                    CHECK(accept_helper("-0.0E1"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("overflow")
+            {
+                // overflows during parsing
+                CHECK(!accept_helper("1.18973e+4932"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid numbers")
+            {
+                CHECK(accept_helper("01") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("--1") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("1.") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("1E") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("1E-") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("1.E1") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-1E") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0E#") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0E-#") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0#") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0.0:") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0.0Z") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0E123:") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0e0-:") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0e-:") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("-0f") == false);
+
+                // numbers must not begin with "+"
+                CHECK(accept_helper("+1") == false);
+                CHECK(accept_helper("+0") == false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parse errors")
+    {
+        // unexpected end of number
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("0."),  json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-"),   json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("--"),  json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-0."), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-."),  json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("-:"),  json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("0.:"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("e."),  json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1e."), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1e/"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1e:"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1E."), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1E/"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("1E:"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("0."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '.'; last read: '0.'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '-'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("--"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '--'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-0."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '.'; last read: '-0.'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '-.'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("-:"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '-'; last read: '-:'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("0.:"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected digit after '.'; last read: '0.:'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("e."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'e'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1e."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1e.'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1e/"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1e/'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1e:"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1e:'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1E."),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E.'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1E/"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E/'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("1E:"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E:'");
+
+        // unexpected end of null
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("n"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("nu"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("nul"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("nulk"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("nulm"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("n"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'n'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("nu"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'nu'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("nul"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'nul'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("nulk"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'nulk'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("nulm"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'nulm'");
+
+        // unexpected end of true
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("t"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("tr"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("tru"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("trud"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("truf"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("t"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 't'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("tr"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'tr'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("tru"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'tru'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("trud"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'trud'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("truf"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'truf'");
+
+        // unexpected end of false
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("f"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("fa"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("fal"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("fals"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("falsd"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("falsf"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("f"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'f'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("fa"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'fa'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("fal"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'fal'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("fals"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'fals'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("falsd"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'falsd'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("falsf"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'falsf'");
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of array
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("["), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("[1"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("[1,"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("[1,]"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("]"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("["),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("[1"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("[1,"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("[1,]"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("]"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of object
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{\"foo\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{\"foo\":"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{\"foo\":}"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{\"foo\":1,}"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("}"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing object key - unexpected end of input; expected string literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{\"foo\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing object separator - unexpected end of input; expected ':'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{\"foo\":"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{\"foo\":}"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected '}'; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{\"foo\":1,}"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 10: syntax error while parsing object key - unexpected '}'; expected string literal");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("}"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected '}'; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of string
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u0\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u01\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u012\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u0"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u01"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("\"\\u012"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: missing closing quote; last read: '\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: missing closing quote; last read: '\"\\\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u0\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u0\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u01\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u01\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u012\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u012\"'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u0"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u0'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u01"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u01'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("\"\\u012"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\u012'");
+
+        // invalid escapes
+        for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
+        {
+            auto s = std::string("\"\\") + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "\"";
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+                // valid escapes
+                case ('"'):
+                case ('\\'):
+                case ('/'):
+                case ('b'):
+                case ('f'):
+                case ('n'):
+                case ('r'):
+                case ('t'):
+                {
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(parser_helper(s));
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // \u must be followed with four numbers, so we skip it here
+                case ('u'):
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // any other combination of backslash and character is invalid
+                default:
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper(s), json::parse_error&);
+                    // only check error message if c is not a control character
+                    if (c > 0x1f)
+                    {
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(parser_helper(s),
+                                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: forbidden character after backslash; last read: '\"\\" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "'");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // invalid \uxxxx escapes
+        {
+            // check whether character is a valid hex character
+            const auto valid = [](int c)
+            {
+                switch (c)
+                {
+                    case ('0'):
+                    case ('1'):
+                    case ('2'):
+                    case ('3'):
+                    case ('4'):
+                    case ('5'):
+                    case ('6'):
+                    case ('7'):
+                    case ('8'):
+                    case ('9'):
+                    case ('a'):
+                    case ('b'):
+                    case ('c'):
+                    case ('d'):
+                    case ('e'):
+                    case ('f'):
+                    case ('A'):
+                    case ('B'):
+                    case ('C'):
+                    case ('D'):
+                    case ('E'):
+                    case ('F'):
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
+            {
+                std::string s = "\"\\u";
+
+                // create a string with the iterated character at each position
+                auto s1 = s + "000" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "\"";
+                auto s2 = s + "00" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "0\"";
+                auto s3 = s + "0" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "00\"";
+                auto s4 = s + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "000\"";
+
+                if (valid(c))
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(s1)
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(parser_helper(s1));
+                    CAPTURE(s2)
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(parser_helper(s2));
+                    CAPTURE(s3)
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(parser_helper(s3));
+                    CAPTURE(s4)
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(parser_helper(s4));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(s1)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper(s1), json::parse_error&);
+                    // only check error message if c is not a control character
+                    if (c > 0x1f)
+                    {
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(parser_helper(s1),
+                                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '" + s1.substr(0, 7) + "'");
+                    }
+
+                    CAPTURE(s2)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper(s2), json::parse_error&);
+                    // only check error message if c is not a control character
+                    if (c > 0x1f)
+                    {
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(parser_helper(s2),
+                                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '" + s2.substr(0, 6) + "'");
+                    }
+
+                    CAPTURE(s3)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper(s3), json::parse_error&);
+                    // only check error message if c is not a control character
+                    if (c > 0x1f)
+                    {
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(parser_helper(s3),
+                                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '" + s3.substr(0, 5) + "'");
+                    }
+
+                    CAPTURE(s4)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper(s4), json::parse_error&);
+                    // only check error message if c is not a control character
+                    if (c > 0x1f)
+                    {
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(parser_helper(s4),
+                                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '" + s4.substr(0, 4) + "'");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        json _;
+
+        // missing part of a surrogate pair
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD80C\"'");
+        // invalid surrogate pair
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uD80C\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\u0000\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uFFFF\""), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uD80C\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD80C\\uD80C'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\u0000\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD80C\\u0000'");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD80C\\uFFFF\""),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD80C\\uFFFF'");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parse errors (accept)")
+    {
+        // unexpected end of number
+        CHECK(accept_helper("0.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("-") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("--") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("-0.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("-.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("-:") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("0.:") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("e.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1e.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1e/") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1e:") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1E.") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1E/") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("1E:") == false);
+
+        // unexpected end of null
+        CHECK(accept_helper("n") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("nu") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("nul") == false);
+
+        // unexpected end of true
+        CHECK(accept_helper("t") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("tr") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("tru") == false);
+
+        // unexpected end of false
+        CHECK(accept_helper("f") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("fa") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("fal") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("fals") == false);
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of array
+        CHECK(accept_helper("[") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("[1") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("[1,") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("[1,]") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("]") == false);
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of object
+        CHECK(accept_helper("{") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("{\"foo\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("{\"foo\":") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("{\"foo\":}") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("{\"foo\":1,}") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("}") == false);
+
+        // missing/unexpected end of string
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u0\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u01\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u012\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u0") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u01") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\u012") == false);
+
+        // unget of newline
+        CHECK(parser_helper("\n123\n") == 123);
+
+        // invalid escapes
+        for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
+        {
+            auto s = std::string("\"\\") + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "\"";
+
+            switch (c)
+            {
+                // valid escapes
+                case ('"'):
+                case ('\\'):
+                case ('/'):
+                case ('b'):
+                case ('f'):
+                case ('n'):
+                case ('r'):
+                case ('t'):
+                {
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s)).accept());
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // \u must be followed with four numbers, so we skip it here
+                case ('u'):
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // any other combination of backslash and character is invalid
+                default:
+                {
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s)).accept() == false);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // invalid \uxxxx escapes
+        {
+            // check whether character is a valid hex character
+            const auto valid = [](int c)
+            {
+                switch (c)
+                {
+                    case ('0'):
+                    case ('1'):
+                    case ('2'):
+                    case ('3'):
+                    case ('4'):
+                    case ('5'):
+                    case ('6'):
+                    case ('7'):
+                    case ('8'):
+                    case ('9'):
+                    case ('a'):
+                    case ('b'):
+                    case ('c'):
+                    case ('d'):
+                    case ('e'):
+                    case ('f'):
+                    case ('A'):
+                    case ('B'):
+                    case ('C'):
+                    case ('D'):
+                    case ('E'):
+                    case ('F'):
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            for (int c = 1; c < 128; ++c)
+            {
+                std::string s = "\"\\u";
+
+                // create a string with the iterated character at each position
+                const auto s1 = s + "000" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "\"";
+                const auto s2 = s + "00" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "0\"";
+                const auto s3 = s + "0" + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "00\"";
+                const auto s4 = s + std::string(1, static_cast<char>(c)) + "000\"";
+
+                if (valid(c))
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(s1)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s1)).accept());
+                    CAPTURE(s2)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s2)).accept());
+                    CAPTURE(s3)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s3)).accept());
+                    CAPTURE(s4)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s4)).accept());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(s1)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s1)).accept() == false);
+
+                    CAPTURE(s2)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s2)).accept() == false);
+
+                    CAPTURE(s3)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s3)).accept() == false);
+
+                    CAPTURE(s4)
+                    CHECK(json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(s4)).accept() == false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // missing part of a surrogate pair
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\uD80C\"") == false);
+        // invalid surrogate pair
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\uD80C\\uD80C\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\uD80C\\u0000\"") == false);
+        CHECK(accept_helper("\"\\uD80C\\uFFFF\"") == false);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("tests found by mutate++")
+    {
+        // test case to make sure no comma precedes the first key
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("{,\"key\": false}"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("{,\"key\": false}"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing object key - unexpected ','; expected string literal");
+        // test case to make sure an object is properly closed
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(parser_helper("[{\"key\": false true]"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(parser_helper("[{\"key\": false true]"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 19: syntax error while parsing object - unexpected true literal; expected '}'");
+
+        // test case to make sure the callback is properly evaluated after reading a key
+        {
+            json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t event, json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return event != json::parse_event_t::key;
+            };
+
+            json x = json::parse("{\"key\": false}", cb);
+            CHECK(x == json::object());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("callback function")
+    {
+        const auto* s_object = R"(
+            {
+                "foo": 2,
+                "bar": {
+                    "baz": 1
+                }
+            }
+        )";
+
+        const auto* s_array = R"(
+            [1,2,[3,4,5],4,5]
+        )";
+
+        const auto* structured_array = R"(
+            [
+                1,
+                {
+                     "foo": "bar"
+                },
+                {
+                     "qux": "baz"
+                }
+            ]
+        )";
+
+        SECTION("filter nothing")
+        {
+            json j_object = json::parse(s_object, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return true;
+            });
+
+            CHECK (j_object == json({{"foo", 2}, {"bar", {{"baz", 1}}}}));
+
+            json j_array = json::parse(s_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return true;
+            });
+
+            CHECK (j_array == json({1, 2, {3, 4, 5}, 4, 5}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filter everything")
+        {
+            json j_object = json::parse(s_object, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return false;
+            });
+
+            // the top-level object will be discarded, leaving a null
+            CHECK (j_object.is_null());
+
+            json j_array = json::parse(s_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return false;
+            });
+
+            // the top-level array will be discarded, leaving a null
+            CHECK (j_array.is_null());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filter specific element")
+        {
+            json j_object = json::parse(s_object, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json & j)
+            {
+                // filter all number(2) elements
+                return j != json(2);
+            });
+
+            CHECK (j_object == json({{"bar", {{"baz", 1}}}}));
+
+            json j_array = json::parse(s_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json & j)
+            {
+                return j != json(2);
+            });
+
+            CHECK (j_array == json({1, {3, 4, 5}, 4, 5}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filter object in array")
+        {
+            json j_filtered1 = json::parse(structured_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json & parsed)
+            {
+                return !(e == json::parse_event_t::object_end && parsed.contains("foo"));
+            });
+
+            // the specified object will be discarded, and removed.
+            CHECK (j_filtered1.size() == 2);
+            CHECK (j_filtered1 == json({1, {{"qux", "baz"}}}));
+
+            json j_filtered2 = json::parse(structured_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json& /*parsed*/)
+            {
+                return e != json::parse_event_t::object_end;
+            });
+
+            // removed all objects in array.
+            CHECK (j_filtered2.size() == 1);
+            CHECK (j_filtered2 == json({1}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filter specific events")
+        {
+            SECTION("first closing event")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j_object = json::parse(s_object, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json& /*unused*/)
+                    {
+                        static bool first = true;
+                        if (e == json::parse_event_t::object_end && first)
+                        {
+                            first = false;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                    });
+
+                    // the first completed object will be discarded
+                    CHECK (j_object == json({{"foo", 2}}));
+                }
+
+                {
+                    json j_array = json::parse(s_array, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json& /*unused*/)
+                    {
+                        static bool first = true;
+                        if (e == json::parse_event_t::array_end && first)
+                        {
+                            first = false;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                    });
+
+                    // the first completed array will be discarded
+                    CHECK (j_array == json({1, 2, 4, 5}));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("special cases")
+        {
+            // the following test cases cover the situation in which an empty
+            // object and array is discarded only after the closing character
+            // has been read
+
+            json j_empty_object = json::parse("{}", [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return e != json::parse_event_t::object_end;
+            });
+            CHECK(j_empty_object == json());
+
+            json j_empty_array = json::parse("[]", [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t e, const json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return e != json::parse_event_t::array_end;
+            });
+            CHECK(j_empty_array == json());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("constructing from contiguous containers")
+    {
+        SECTION("from std::vector")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from std::array")
+        {
+            std::array<uint8_t, 5> v { {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'} };
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from array")
+        {
+            uint8_t v[] = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from char literal")
+        {
+            CHECK(parser_helper("true") == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from std::string")
+        {
+            std::string v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from std::initializer_list")
+        {
+            std::initializer_list<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from std::valarray")
+        {
+            std::valarray<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+            json j;
+            json::parser(nlohmann::detail::input_adapter(std::begin(v), std::end(v))).parse(true, j);
+            CHECK(j == json(true));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("improve test coverage")
+    {
+        SECTION("parser with callback")
+        {
+            json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, json& /*unused*/)
+            {
+                return true;
+            };
+
+            CHECK(json::parse("{\"foo\": true:", cb, false).is_discarded());
+
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("{\"foo\": true:", cb), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("{\"foo\": true:", cb),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing object - unexpected ':'; expected '}'");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("1.18973e+4932", cb), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("1.18973e+4932", cb),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '1.18973e+4932'");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("SAX parser")
+        {
+            SECTION("} without value")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(1);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("{}", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("} with value")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(3);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("{\"k1\": true}", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("second key")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(3);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("{\"k1\": true, \"k2\": false}", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("] without value")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(1);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("[]", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("] with value")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(2);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("[1]", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("float")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("3.14", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("false")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("false", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("null", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("true")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("true", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("12", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("integer")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("-12", &s) == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                SaxCountdown s(0);
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse("\"foo\"", &s) == false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("error messages for comments")
+    {
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("/a", nullptr, true, true), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid comment; expecting '/' or '*' after '/'; last read: '/a'", json::parse_error);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("/*", nullptr, true, true), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid comment; missing closing '*/'; last read: '/*<U+0000>'", json::parse_error);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp b/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf1428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-comparison.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace
+{
+// helper function to check std::less<json::value_t>
+// see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/less
+template <typename A, typename B, typename U = std::less<json::value_t>>
+bool f(A a, B b, U u = U())
+{
+    return u(a, b);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("lexicographical comparison operators")
+{
+    SECTION("types")
+    {
+        std::vector<json::value_t> j_types =
+        {
+            json::value_t::null,
+            json::value_t::boolean,
+            json::value_t::number_integer,
+            json::value_t::number_unsigned,
+            json::value_t::number_float,
+            json::value_t::object,
+            json::value_t::array,
+            json::value_t::string,
+            json::value_t::binary
+        };
+
+        SECTION("comparison: less")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
+            {
+                {false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
+            };
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_types.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_types.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    // check precomputed values
+                    CHECK(operator<(j_types[i], j_types[j]) == expected[i][j]);
+                    CHECK(f(j_types[i], j_types[j]) == expected[i][j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("values")
+    {
+        json j_values =
+        {
+            nullptr, nullptr,
+            -17, 42,
+            8u, 13u,
+            3.14159, 23.42,
+            "foo", "bar",
+            true, false,
+            {1, 2, 3}, {"one", "two", "three"},
+            {{"first", 1}, {"second", 2}}, {{"a", "A"}, {"b", {"B"}}},
+            json::binary({1, 2, 3}), json::binary({1, 2, 4})
+        };
+
+        SECTION("comparison: equal")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
+            {
+                {true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true}
+            };
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    CAPTURE(j_values[i])
+                    CAPTURE(j_values[j])
+                    // check precomputed values
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] == j_values[j]) == expected[i][j] );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison with discarded elements
+            json j_discarded(json::value_t::discarded);
+            for (const auto& v : j_values)
+            {
+                CHECK( (v == j_discarded) == false);
+                CHECK( (j_discarded == v) == false);
+                CHECK( (j_discarded == j_discarded) == false);
+            }
+
+            // compare with null pointer
+            json j_null;
+            CHECK(j_null == nullptr);
+            CHECK(nullptr == j_null);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison: not equal")
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] != j_values[j]) == !(j_values[i] == j_values[j]) );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // compare with null pointer
+            json j_null;
+            CHECK( (j_null != nullptr) == false);
+            CHECK( (nullptr != j_null) == false);
+            CHECK( (j_null != nullptr) == !(j_null == nullptr));
+            CHECK( (nullptr != j_null) == !(nullptr == j_null));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison: less")
+        {
+            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> expected =
+            {
+                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, true, true, true, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, false, true, true, true, true, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, false, true, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true},
+                {false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
+            };
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    CAPTURE(j_values[i])
+                    CAPTURE(j_values[j])
+                    // check precomputed values
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] < j_values[j]) == expected[i][j] );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison with discarded elements
+            json j_discarded(json::value_t::discarded);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                CAPTURE(i)
+                CHECK( (j_values[i] < j_discarded) == false);
+                CHECK( (j_discarded < j_values[i]) == false);
+                CHECK( (j_discarded < j_discarded) == false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison: less than or equal equal")
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] <= j_values[j]) == !(j_values[j] < j_values[i]) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison: greater than")
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] > j_values[j]) == (j_values[j] < j_values[i]) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison: greater than or equal")
+        {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < j_values.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < j_values.size(); ++j)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CAPTURE(j)
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (j_values[i] >= j_values[j]) == !(j_values[i] < j_values[j]) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp b/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68474ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-concepts.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("concepts")
+{
+    SECTION("container requirements for json")
+    {
+        // X: container class: json
+        // T: type of objects: json
+        // a, b: values of type X: json
+
+        // TABLE 96 - Container Requirements
+
+        // X::value_type must return T
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::value_type, json>::value));
+
+        // X::reference must return lvalue of T
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::reference, json&>::value));
+
+        // X::const_reference must return const lvalue of T
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::const_reference, const json&>::value));
+
+        // X::iterator must return iterator whose value_type is T
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::iterator::value_type, json>::value));
+        // X::iterator must meet the forward iterator requirements
+        CHECK((std::is_base_of<std::forward_iterator_tag, typename std::iterator_traits<json::iterator>::iterator_category>::value));
+        // X::iterator must be convertible to X::const_iterator
+        CHECK((std::is_convertible<json::iterator, json::const_iterator>::value));
+
+        // X::const_iterator must return iterator whose value_type is T
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::const_iterator::value_type, json>::value));
+        // X::const_iterator must meet the forward iterator requirements
+        CHECK((std::is_base_of<std::forward_iterator_tag, typename std::iterator_traits<json::const_iterator>::iterator_category>::value));
+
+        // X::difference_type must return a signed integer
+        CHECK((std::is_signed<json::difference_type>::value));
+        // X::difference_type must be identical to X::iterator::difference_type
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::difference_type, json::iterator::difference_type>::value));
+        // X::difference_type must be identical to X::const_iterator::difference_type
+        CHECK((std::is_same<json::difference_type, json::const_iterator::difference_type>::value));
+
+        // X::size_type must return an unsigned integer
+        CHECK((std::is_unsigned<json::size_type>::value));
+        // X::size_type can represent any non-negative value of X::difference_type
+        CHECK(static_cast<json::size_type>((std::numeric_limits<json::difference_type>::max)()) <=
+              (std::numeric_limits<json::size_type>::max)());
+
+        // the expression "X u" has the post-condition "u.empty()"
+        {
+            json u;
+            CHECK(u.empty());
+        }
+
+        // the expression "X()" has the post-condition "X().empty()"
+        CHECK(json().empty());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("class json")
+    {
+        SECTION("DefaultConstructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("MoveConstructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_move_constructible<json>::value);
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("CopyConstructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_copy_constructible<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("MoveAssignable")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("CopyAssignable")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_copy_assignable<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Destructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("StandardLayoutType")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_standard_layout<json>::value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("class iterator")
+    {
+        SECTION("CopyConstructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::iterator>::value);
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::const_iterator>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("CopyAssignable")
+        {
+            // STL iterators used by json::iterator don't pass this test in Debug mode
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL == 0)
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<json::iterator>::value);
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<json::const_iterator>::value);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Destructible")
+        {
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json::iterator>::value);
+            CHECK(std::is_nothrow_destructible<json::const_iterator>::value);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Swappable")
+        {
+            {
+                json j {1, 2, 3};
+                json::iterator it1 = j.begin();
+                json::iterator it2 = j.end();
+                swap(it1, it2);
+                CHECK(it1 == j.end());
+                CHECK(it2 == j.begin());
+            }
+            {
+                json j {1, 2, 3};
+                json::const_iterator it1 = j.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it2 = j.cend();
+                swap(it1, it2);
+                CHECK(it1 == j.end());
+                CHECK(it2 == j.begin());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp b/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25c73c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-constructor1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1623 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <list>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <valarray>
+
+TEST_CASE("constructors")
+{
+    SECTION("create an empty value with a given type")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::null;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::discarded;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::object;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::array;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::boolean;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == false);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::string;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == "");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number_integer")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::number_integer;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == 0);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number_unsigned")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::number_unsigned;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == 0);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number_float")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::number_float;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == 0.0);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            auto t = json::value_t::binary;
+            json j(t);
+            CHECK(j.type() == t);
+            CHECK(j == json::binary({}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a null object (implicitly)")
+    {
+        SECTION("no parameter")
+        {
+            json j{};
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a null object (explicitly)")
+    {
+        SECTION("parameter")
+        {
+            json j(nullptr);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an object (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty object")
+        {
+            json::object_t o;
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled object")
+        {
+            json::object_t o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an object (implicit)")
+    {
+        // reference object
+        json::object_t o_reference {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+        json j_reference(o_reference);
+
+        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::map<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::map<std::string, std::string> #600")
+        {
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> m;
+            m["a"] = "b";
+            m["c"] = "d";
+            m["e"] = "f";
+
+            json j(m);
+            CHECK((j.get<decltype(m)>() == m));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::map<const char*, json>")
+        {
+            std::map<const char*, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+
+        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o {{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}};
+            json j(o);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("associative container literal")
+        {
+            json j({{"a", json(1)}, {"b", json(1u)}, {"c", json(2.2)}, {"d", json(false)}, {"e", json("string")}, {"f", json()}});
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an array (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty array")
+        {
+            json::array_t a;
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled array")
+        {
+            json::array_t a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an array (implicit)")
+    {
+        // reference array
+        json::array_t a_reference {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+        json j_reference(a_reference);
+
+        SECTION("std::list<json>")
+        {
+            std::list<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::pair")
+        {
+            std::pair<float, std::string> p{1.0f, "string"};
+            json j(p);
+
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j.get<decltype(p)>() == p);
+            REQUIRE(j.size() == 2);
+            CHECK(j[0] == std::get<0>(p));
+            CHECK(j[1] == std::get<1>(p));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::pair with discarded values")
+        {
+            json j{1, 2.0, "string"};
+
+            const auto p = j.get<std::pair<int, float>>();
+            CHECK(p.first == j[0]);
+            CHECK(p.second == j[1]);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::tuple")
+        {
+            const auto t = std::make_tuple(1.0, std::string{"string"}, 42, std::vector<int> {0, 1});
+            json j(t);
+
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            REQUIRE(j.size() == 4);
+            CHECK(j.get<decltype(t)>() == t);
+            CHECK(j[0] == std::get<0>(t));
+            CHECK(j[1] == std::get<1>(t));
+            CHECK(j[2] == std::get<2>(t));
+            CHECK(j[3][0] == 0);
+            CHECK(j[3][1] == 1);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::tuple with discarded values")
+        {
+            json j{1, 2.0, "string", 42};
+
+            const auto t = j.get<std::tuple<int, float, std::string>>();
+            CHECK(std::get<0>(t) == j[0]);
+            CHECK(std::get<1>(t) == j[1]);
+            CHECK(std::get<2>(t) == j[2]);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::pair/tuple/array failures")
+        {
+            json j{1};
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::pair<int, int>>()), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j.get<std::pair<int, int>>()), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 1 is out of range");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::tuple<int, int>>()), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j.get<std::tuple<int, int>>()), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 1 is out of range");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::array<int, 3>>()), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j.get<std::array<int, 3>>()), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 1 is out of range");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
+        {
+            std::forward_list<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::array<json, 6>")
+        {
+            std::array<json, 6> a {{json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()}};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+
+            const auto a2 = j.get<std::array<json, 6>>();
+            CHECK(a2 == a);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::valarray<int>")
+        {
+            std::valarray<int> va = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+            json j(va);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}));
+
+            auto jva = j.get<std::valarray<int>>();
+            CHECK(jva.size() == va.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < jva.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                CHECK(va[i] == jva[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::valarray<double>")
+        {
+            std::valarray<double> va = {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 4.5, 5.6};
+            json j(va);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == json({1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 4.5, 5.6}));
+
+            auto jva = j.get<std::valarray<double>>();
+            CHECK(jva.size() == va.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < jva.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                CHECK(va[i] == jva[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
+        {
+            std::vector<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
+        {
+            std::deque<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::set<json>")
+        {
+            std::set<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            // we cannot really check for equality here
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_set<json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_set<json> a {json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()};
+            json j(a);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            // we cannot really check for equality here
+        }
+
+        SECTION("sequence container literal")
+        {
+            json j({json(1), json(1u), json(2.2), json(false), json("string"), json()});
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a string (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty string")
+        {
+            json::string_t s;
+            json j(s);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled string")
+        {
+            json::string_t s {"Hello world"};
+            json j(s);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a string (implicit)")
+    {
+        // reference string
+        json::string_t s_reference {"Hello world"};
+        json j_reference(s_reference);
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            std::string s {"Hello world"};
+            json j(s);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("char[]")
+        {
+            char s[] {"Hello world"}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+            json j(s);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const char*")
+        {
+            const char* s {"Hello world"};
+            json j(s);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string literal")
+        {
+            json j("Hello world");
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a boolean (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty boolean")
+        {
+            json::boolean_t b{};
+            json j(b);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled boolean (true)")
+        {
+            json j(true);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled boolean (false)")
+        {
+            json j(false);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a binary (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty binary")
+        {
+            json::binary_t b{};
+            json j(b);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::binary);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("filled binary")
+        {
+            json::binary_t b({1, 2, 3});
+            json j(b);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::binary);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an integer number (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("uninitialized value")
+        {
+            json::number_integer_t n{};
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("initialized value")
+        {
+            json::number_integer_t n(42);
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an integer number (implicit)")
+    {
+        // reference objects
+        json::number_integer_t n_reference = 42;
+        json j_reference(n_reference);
+        json::number_unsigned_t n_unsigned_reference = 42;
+        json j_unsigned_reference(n_unsigned_reference);
+
+        SECTION("short")
+        {
+            short n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned short")
+        {
+            unsigned short n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int")
+        {
+            int n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned int")
+        {
+            unsigned int n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long")
+        {
+            long n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long")
+        {
+            unsigned long n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long long")
+        {
+            long long n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long long")
+        {
+            unsigned long long n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_t")
+        {
+            int8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_t")
+        {
+            int16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_t")
+        {
+            int32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_t")
+        {
+            int64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_fast8_t")
+        {
+            int_fast8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_fast16_t")
+        {
+            int_fast16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_fast32_t")
+        {
+            int_fast32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_fast64_t")
+        {
+            int_fast64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_least8_t")
+        {
+            int_least8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_least16_t")
+        {
+            int_least16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_least32_t")
+        {
+            int_least32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int_least64_t")
+        {
+            int_least64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_t")
+        {
+            uint8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_t")
+        {
+            uint16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_t")
+        {
+            uint32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_t")
+        {
+            uint64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_fast8_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_fast16_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_fast32_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_fast64_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_least8_t")
+        {
+            uint_least8_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_least16_t")
+        {
+            uint_least16_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_least32_t")
+        {
+            uint_least32_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint_least64_t")
+        {
+            uint_least64_t n = 42;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal without suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with u suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42u);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with l suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42L);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with ul suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42ul);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with ll suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42LL);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+            CHECK(j == j_reference);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with ull suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42ull);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+            CHECK(j == j_unsigned_reference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a floating-point number (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("uninitialized value")
+        {
+            json::number_float_t n{};
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("initialized value")
+        {
+            json::number_float_t n(42.23);
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("NaN")
+        {
+            // NaN is stored properly, but serialized to null
+            json::number_float_t n(std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::quiet_NaN());
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+
+            // check round trip of NaN
+            json::number_float_t d{j};
+            CHECK((std::isnan(d) && std::isnan(n)) == true);
+
+            // check that NaN is serialized to null
+            CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("infinity")
+        {
+            // infinity is stored properly, but serialized to null
+            json::number_float_t n(std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::infinity());
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+
+            // check round trip of infinity
+            json::number_float_t d{j};
+            CHECK(d == n);
+
+            // check that inf is serialized to null
+            CHECK(j.dump() == "null");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a floating-point number (implicit)")
+    {
+        // reference object
+        json::number_float_t n_reference = 42.23;
+        json j_reference(n_reference);
+
+        SECTION("float")
+        {
+            float n = 42.23f;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("double")
+        {
+            double n = 42.23;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long double")
+        {
+            long double n = 42.23L;
+            json j(n);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("floating-point literal without suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42.23);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with f suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42.23f);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("integer literal with l suffix")
+        {
+            json j(42.23L);
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+            CHECK(j.m_value.number_float == Approx(j_reference.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a container (array or object) from an initializer list")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty initializer list")
+        {
+            SECTION("explicit")
+            {
+                json j(json::initializer_list_t {});
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("implicit")
+            {
+                json j {};
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("one element")
+        {
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(json::array_t())});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {json::array_t()};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(json::object_t())});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {json::object_t()};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json("Hello world")});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {"Hello world"};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("boolean")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(true)});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {true};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(1)});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {1};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(1u)});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {1u};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+            {
+                SECTION("explicit")
+                {
+                    json j(json::initializer_list_t {json(42.23)});
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("implicit")
+                {
+                    json j {42.23};
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("more elements")
+        {
+            SECTION("explicit")
+            {
+                json j(json::initializer_list_t {1, 1u, 42.23, true, nullptr, json::object_t(), json::array_t()});
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("implicit")
+            {
+                json j {1, 1u, 42.23, true, nullptr, json::object_t(), json::array_t()};
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("implicit type deduction")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j { {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false} };
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j { {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false}, 13 };
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("explicit type deduction")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false} });
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object with error")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false}, 13 }),
+                json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::object({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false}, 13 }),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.301] cannot create object from initializer list");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array({ {"one", 1}, {"two", 1u}, {"three", 2.2}, {"four", false} });
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("move from initializer_list")
+        {
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    // This should break through any short string optimization in std::string
+                    std::string source(1024, '!');
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j = {std::move(source)};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j[0].get_ref<std::string const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    // This should break through any short string optimization in std::string
+                    std::string source(1024, '!');
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j = {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j["key"].get_ref<std::string const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (object key)")
+                {
+                    // This should break through any short string optimization in std::string
+                    std::string source(1024, '!');
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j = {{std::move(source), 42}};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j.get_ref<json::object_t&>().begin()->first.data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json::array_t source = {1, 2, 3};
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j {std::move(source)};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j[0].get_ref<json::array_t const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json::array_t source = {1, 2, 3};
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j["key"].get_ref<json::array_t const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json::array_t source = {1, 2, 3};
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j = {std::move(source)};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j[0].get_ref<json::array_t const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json::array_t source = {1, 2, 3};
+                    const auto* source_addr = source.data();
+                    json j = {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    const auto* target_addr = j["key"].get_ref<json::array_t const&>().data();
+                    const bool success = (target_addr == source_addr);
+                    CHECK(success);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json::object_t source = {{"hello", "world"}};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source.at("hello");
+                    json j {std::move(source)};
+                    CHECK(&(j[0].get_ref<json::object_t const&>().at("hello")) == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json::object_t source = {{"hello", "world"}};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source.at("hello");
+                    json j {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    CHECK(&(j["key"].get_ref<json::object_t const&>().at("hello")) == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json::object_t source = {{"hello", "world"}};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source.at("hello");
+                    json j = {std::move(source)};
+                    CHECK(&(j[0].get_ref<json::object_t const&>().at("hello")) == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json::object_t source = {{"hello", "world"}};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source.at("hello");
+                    json j = {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    CHECK(&(j["key"].get_ref<json::object_t const&>().at("hello")) == source_addr);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json")
+            {
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json source {1, 2, 3};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source[0];
+                    json j {std::move(source), {}};
+                    CHECK(&j[0][0] == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("constructor with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json source {1, 2, 3};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source[0];
+                    json j {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    CHECK(&j["key"][0] == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (array)")
+                {
+                    json source {1, 2, 3};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source[0];
+                    json j = {std::move(source), {}};
+                    CHECK(&j[0][0] == source_addr);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("assignment with implicit types (object)")
+                {
+                    json source {1, 2, 3};
+                    const json* source_addr = &source[0];
+                    json j = {{"key", std::move(source)}};
+                    CHECK(&j["key"][0] == source_addr);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create an array of n copies of a given value")
+    {
+        SECTION("cnt = 0")
+        {
+            json v = {1, "foo", 34.23, {1, 2, 3}, {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2u}}};
+            json arr(0, v);
+            CHECK(arr.size() == 0);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("cnt = 1")
+        {
+            json v = {1, "foo", 34.23, {1, 2, 3}, {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2u}}};
+            json arr(1, v);
+            CHECK(arr.size() == 1);
+            for (auto& x : arr)
+            {
+                CHECK(x == v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("cnt = 3")
+        {
+            json v = {1, "foo", 34.23, {1, 2, 3}, {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2u}}};
+            json arr(3, v);
+            CHECK(arr.size() == 3);
+            for (auto& x : arr)
+            {
+                CHECK(x == v);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("create a JSON container from an iterator range")
+    {
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("json(begin(), end())")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    json j_new(jobject.begin(), jobject.end());
+                    CHECK(j_new == jobject);
+                }
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    json j_new(jobject.cbegin(), jobject.cend());
+                    CHECK(j_new == jobject);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json(begin(), begin())")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    json j_new(jobject.begin(), jobject.begin());
+                    CHECK(j_new == json::object());
+                }
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    json j_new(jobject.cbegin(), jobject.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j_new == json::object());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("construct from subrange")
+            {
+                json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                json j_new(jobject.find("b"), jobject.find("e"));
+                CHECK(j_new == json({{"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("incompatible iterators")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                    json jobject2 = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jobject.begin(), jobject2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jobject2.begin(), jobject.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jobject.begin(), jobject2.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jobject2.begin(), jobject.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                }
+                {
+                    json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                    json jobject2 = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jobject.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jobject.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("json(begin(), end())")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.begin(), jarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_new == jarray);
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.cbegin(), jarray.cend());
+                    CHECK(j_new == jarray);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json(begin(), begin())")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.begin(), jarray.begin());
+                    CHECK(j_new == json::array());
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.cbegin(), jarray.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j_new == json::array());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("construct from subrange")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.begin() + 1, jarray.begin() + 3);
+                    CHECK(j_new == json({2, 3}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    json j_new(jarray.cbegin() + 1, jarray.cbegin() + 3);
+                    CHECK(j_new == json({2, 3}));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("incompatible iterators")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+                    json jarray2 = {2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jarray.begin(), jarray2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jarray2.begin(), jarray.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jarray.begin(), jarray2.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jarray2.begin(), jarray.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+                    json jarray2 = {2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jarray.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jarray.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("other values")
+        {
+            SECTION("construct with two valid iterators")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.206] cannot construct with iterators from null");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.206] cannot construct with iterators from null");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = "foo";
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = "bar";
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (boolean)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = false;
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = true;
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 17;
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 17;
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 17u;
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 17u;
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating point)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 23.42;
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 23.42;
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK(j == j_new);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("binary")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                        json j_new(j.begin(), j.end());
+                        CHECK((j == j_new));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                        json j_new(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                        CHECK((j == j_new));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("construct with two invalid iterators")
+            {
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = "foo";
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = "bar";
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (boolean)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = false;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = true;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 17;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 17;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 17u;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 17u;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating point)")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json j = 23.42;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json j = 23.42;
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp b/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9846231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-constructor2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("other constructors and destructor")
+{
+    SECTION("copy constructor")
+    {
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j {"foo", 1, 42.23, false};
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j(nullptr);
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j(true);
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j("Hello world");
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j(42);
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j(42u);
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+        {
+            json j(42.23);
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+            json k(j); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization)
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("move constructor")
+    {
+        json j {{"foo", "bar"}, {"baz", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"a", 42u}, {"b", 42.23}, {"c", nullptr}};
+        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+        json k(std::move(j));
+        CHECK(k.type() == json::value_t::object);
+        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null); // NOLINT: access after move is OK here
+    }
+
+    SECTION("copy assignment")
+    {
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j {"foo", 1, 42.23, false};
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j(nullptr);
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j(true);
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j("Hello world");
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j(42);
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j(42u);
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+        {
+            json j(42.23);
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+            json k;
+            k = j;
+            CHECK(j == k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("destructor")
+    {
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            auto* j = new json {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+            delete j; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            auto* j = new json {"foo", 1, 1u, false, 23.42}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+            delete j; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            auto* j = new json("Hello world"); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+            delete j; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp b/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..657a890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-convenience.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace
+{
+void check_escaped(const char* original, const char* escaped = "", bool ensure_ascii = false);
+void check_escaped(const char* original, const char* escaped, const bool ensure_ascii)
+{
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    json::serializer s(nlohmann::detail::output_adapter<char>(ss), ' ');
+    s.dump_escaped(original, ensure_ascii);
+    CHECK(ss.str() == escaped);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("convenience functions")
+{
+    SECTION("type name as string")
+    {
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::null).type_name()) == "null");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::object).type_name()) == "object");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::array).type_name()) == "array");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::number_integer).type_name()) == "number");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).type_name()) == "number");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::number_float).type_name()) == "number");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::binary).type_name()) == "binary");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::boolean).type_name()) == "boolean");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::string).type_name()) == "string");
+        CHECK(std::string(json(json::value_t::discarded).type_name()) == "discarded");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("string escape")
+    {
+        check_escaped("\"", "\\\"");
+        check_escaped("\\", "\\\\");
+        check_escaped("\b", "\\b");
+        check_escaped("\f", "\\f");
+        check_escaped("\n", "\\n");
+        check_escaped("\r", "\\r");
+        check_escaped("\t", "\\t");
+
+        check_escaped("\x01", "\\u0001");
+        check_escaped("\x02", "\\u0002");
+        check_escaped("\x03", "\\u0003");
+        check_escaped("\x04", "\\u0004");
+        check_escaped("\x05", "\\u0005");
+        check_escaped("\x06", "\\u0006");
+        check_escaped("\x07", "\\u0007");
+        check_escaped("\x08", "\\b");
+        check_escaped("\x09", "\\t");
+        check_escaped("\x0a", "\\n");
+        check_escaped("\x0b", "\\u000b");
+        check_escaped("\x0c", "\\f");
+        check_escaped("\x0d", "\\r");
+        check_escaped("\x0e", "\\u000e");
+        check_escaped("\x0f", "\\u000f");
+        check_escaped("\x10", "\\u0010");
+        check_escaped("\x11", "\\u0011");
+        check_escaped("\x12", "\\u0012");
+        check_escaped("\x13", "\\u0013");
+        check_escaped("\x14", "\\u0014");
+        check_escaped("\x15", "\\u0015");
+        check_escaped("\x16", "\\u0016");
+        check_escaped("\x17", "\\u0017");
+        check_escaped("\x18", "\\u0018");
+        check_escaped("\x19", "\\u0019");
+        check_escaped("\x1a", "\\u001a");
+        check_escaped("\x1b", "\\u001b");
+        check_escaped("\x1c", "\\u001c");
+        check_escaped("\x1d", "\\u001d");
+        check_escaped("\x1e", "\\u001e");
+        check_escaped("\x1f", "\\u001f");
+
+        // invalid UTF-8 characters
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(check_escaped("ä\xA9ü"), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(check_escaped("ä\xA9ü"),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 2: 0xA9");
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(check_escaped("\xC2"), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(check_escaped("\xC2"),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.316] incomplete UTF-8 string; last byte: 0xC2");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae82158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-conversions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1720 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <list>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <valarray>
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX14) && _HAS_CXX14 == 1)
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#endif
+
+// NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM uses a static std::pair
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+TEST_CASE("value conversion")
+{
+    SECTION("get an object (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::object_t o_reference = {{"object", json::object()},
+            {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+            {"number", 42},
+            {"boolean", false},
+            {"null", nullptr},
+            {"string", "Hello world"}
+        };
+        json j(o_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::object_t")
+        {
+            json::object_t o = j.get<json::object_t>();
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::map<json::string_t, json> o =
+                j.get<std::map<json::string_t, json>>();
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o =
+                j.get<std::multimap<json::string_t, json>>();
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o =
+                j.get<std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>>();
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o =
+                j.get<std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>>();
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-object type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::object_t>(),
+                json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::object_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::array).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::string).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is string");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::object_t>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, "
+                              "but is boolean");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::object_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("get an object (explicit, get_to)")
+    {
+        json::object_t o_reference = {{"object", json::object()},
+            {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+            {"number", 42},
+            {"boolean", false},
+            {"null", nullptr},
+            {"string", "Hello world"}
+        };
+        json j(o_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::object_t")
+        {
+            json::object_t o = {{"previous", "value"}};
+            j.get_to(o);
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::map<json::string_t, json> o{{"previous", "value"}};
+            j.get_to(o);
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o{{"previous", "value"}};
+            j.get_to(o);
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o{{"previous", "value"}};
+            j.get_to(o);
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o{{"previous", "value"}};
+            j.get_to(o);
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get an object (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::object_t o_reference = {{"object", json::object()},
+            {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+            {"number", 42},
+            {"boolean", false},
+            {"null", nullptr},
+            {"string", "Hello world"}
+        };
+        json j(o_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::object_t")
+        {
+            json::object_t o = j;
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::map<json::string_t, json> o = j;
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::multimap<json::string_t, json> o = j;
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_map<json::string_t, json> o = j;
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json>")
+        {
+            std::unordered_multimap<json::string_t, json> o = j;
+            CHECK(json(o) == j);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get an array (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::array_t a_reference{json(1),     json(1u),       json(2.2),
+                                  json(false), json("string"), json()};
+        json j(a_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::array_t")
+        {
+            json::array_t a = j.get<json::array_t>();
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::list<json>")
+        {
+            std::list<json> a = j.get<std::list<json>>();
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
+        {
+            std::forward_list<json> a = j.get<std::forward_list<json>>();
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<std::forward_list<json>>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<std::forward_list<json>>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
+        {
+            std::vector<json> a = j.get<std::vector<json>>();
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<std::vector<json>>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<std::vector<json>>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+            SECTION("reserve is called on containers that supports it")
+            {
+                // make sure all values are properly copied
+                json j2({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10});
+                auto v2 = j2.get<std::vector<int>>();
+                CHECK(v2.size() == 10);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        SECTION("built-in arrays")
+        {
+            const char str[] = "a string"; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+            const int nbs[] = {0, 1, 2}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+
+            json j2 = nbs;
+            json j3 = str;
+
+            auto v = j2.get<std::vector<int>>();
+            auto s = j3.get<std::string>();
+            CHECK(std::equal(v.begin(), v.end(), std::begin(nbs)));
+            CHECK(s == str);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
+        {
+            std::deque<json> a = j.get<std::deque<json>>();
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-array type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::array_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::object).get<std::vector<int>>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::object).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::string).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is string");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is boolean");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::array_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("get an array (explicit, get_to)")
+    {
+        json::array_t a_reference{json(1),     json(1u),       json(2.2),
+                                  json(false), json("string"), json()};
+        json j(a_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::array_t")
+        {
+            json::array_t a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::valarray<json>")
+        {
+            std::valarray<json> a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::list<json>")
+        {
+            std::list<json> a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
+        {
+            std::forward_list<json> a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
+        {
+            std::vector<json> a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("built-in arrays")
+        {
+            const int nbs[] = {0, 1, 2}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+            int nbs2[] = {0, 0, 0}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+
+            json j2 = nbs;
+            j2.get_to(nbs2);
+            CHECK(std::equal(std::begin(nbs), std::end(nbs), std::begin(nbs2)));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
+        {
+            std::deque<json> a{"previous", "value"};
+            j.get_to(a);
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get an array (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::array_t a_reference{json(1),     json(1u),       json(2.2),
+                                  json(false), json("string"), json()};
+        json j(a_reference);
+
+        SECTION("json::array_t")
+        {
+            json::array_t a = j;
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::list<json>")
+        {
+            std::list<json> a = j;
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::forward_list<json>")
+        {
+            std::forward_list<json> a = j;
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::vector<json>")
+        {
+            std::vector<json> a = j;
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::deque<json>")
+        {
+            std::deque<json> a = j;
+            CHECK(json(a) == j);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get a string (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::string_t s_reference{"Hello world"};
+        json j(s_reference);
+
+        SECTION("string_t")
+        {
+            json::string_t s = j.get<json::string_t>();
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            std::string s = j.get<std::string>();
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+        SECTION("std::string_view")
+        {
+            std::string_view s = j.get<std::string_view>();
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::string_t>(),
+                json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::string_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::object).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::array).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::string_t>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, "
+                              "but is boolean");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::string_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+        }
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type using string_view")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<std::string_view>(), json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::null).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::object).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::array).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is boolean");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<std::string_view>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    SECTION("get a string (explicit, get_to)")
+    {
+        json::string_t s_reference{"Hello world"};
+        json j(s_reference);
+
+        SECTION("string_t")
+        {
+            json::string_t s = "previous value";
+            j.get_to(s);
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            std::string s = "previous value";
+            j.get_to(s);
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+        SECTION("std::string_view")
+        {
+            std::string s = "previous value";
+            std::string_view sv = s;
+            j.get_to(sv);
+            CHECK(json(sv) == j);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    SECTION("get null (explicit)")
+    {
+        std::nullptr_t n = nullptr;
+        json j(n);
+
+        auto n2 = j.get<std::nullptr_t>();
+        CHECK(n2 == n);
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<std::nullptr_t>(), json::type_error&);
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::string).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is string");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::object).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::array).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is array");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is boolean");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<std::nullptr_t>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be null, but is number");
+
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get a string (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::string_t s_reference{"Hello world"};
+        json j(s_reference);
+
+        SECTION("string_t")
+        {
+            json::string_t s = j;
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+        SECTION("std::string_view")
+        {
+            std::string_view s = j.get<std::string_view>();
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            std::string s = j;
+            CHECK(json(s) == j);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get a boolean (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::boolean_t b_reference{true};
+        json j(b_reference);
+
+        SECTION("boolean_t")
+        {
+            auto b = j.get<json::boolean_t>();
+            CHECK(json(b) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint8_t>();
+            CHECK(n == 1);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("bool")
+        {
+            bool b = j.get<bool>();
+            CHECK(json(b) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-number type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<uint8_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, "
+                              "but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::array).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, "
+                              "but is string");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is "
+                "number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is "
+                "number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::boolean_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be boolean, but is "
+                "number");
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get a boolean (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::boolean_t b_reference{true};
+        json j(b_reference);
+
+        SECTION("boolean_t")
+        {
+            json::boolean_t b = j;
+            CHECK(json(b) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("bool")
+        {
+            bool b = j;
+            CHECK(json(b) == j);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get an integer number (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::number_integer_t n_reference{42};
+        json j(n_reference);
+        json::number_unsigned_t n_unsigned_reference{42u};
+        json j_unsigned(n_unsigned_reference);
+
+        SECTION("number_integer_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<json::number_integer_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number_unsigned_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j_unsigned.get<json::number_unsigned_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("short")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<short>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned short")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<unsigned short>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int")
+        {
+            int n = j.get<int>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned int")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<unsigned int>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long")
+        {
+            long n = j.get<long>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<unsigned long>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long long")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<long long>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long long")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<unsigned long long>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_fast8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_fast16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_fast32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_fast64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_least8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_least16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_least32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<int_least64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_fast8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_fast16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_fast32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_fast_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_fast64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_least8_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_least16_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_least32_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_least_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<uint_least64_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-number type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(
+                json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_integer_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is "
+                "boolean");
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::number_integer_t>());
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(
+                json(json::value_t::number_float).get<json::number_unsigned_t>());
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get an integer number (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::number_integer_t n_reference{42};
+        json j(n_reference);
+        json::number_unsigned_t n_unsigned_reference{42u};
+        json j_unsigned(n_unsigned_reference);
+
+        SECTION("number_integer_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<json::number_integer_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number_unsigned_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j_unsigned.get<json::number_unsigned_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("short")
+        {
+            short n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned short")
+        {
+            unsigned short n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int")
+        {
+            int n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned int")
+        {
+            unsigned int n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long")
+        {
+            long n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long")
+        {
+            unsigned long n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("long long")
+        {
+            long long n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned long long")
+        {
+            unsigned long long n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_t")
+        {
+            int8_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_t")
+        {
+            int16_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_t")
+        {
+            int32_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_t")
+        {
+            int64_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_fast_t")
+        {
+            int_fast8_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_fast_t")
+        {
+            int_fast16_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_fast_t")
+        {
+            int_fast32_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_fast_t")
+        {
+            int_fast64_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int8_least_t")
+        {
+            int_least8_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int16_least_t")
+        {
+            int_least16_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int32_least_t")
+        {
+            int_least32_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("int64_least_t")
+        {
+            int_least64_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_t")
+        {
+            uint8_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_t")
+        {
+            uint16_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_t")
+        {
+            uint32_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_t")
+        {
+            uint64_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_fast_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast8_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_fast_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast16_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_fast_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast32_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_fast_t")
+        {
+            uint_fast64_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint8_least_t")
+        {
+            uint_least8_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint16_least_t")
+        {
+            uint_least16_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint32_least_t")
+        {
+            uint_least32_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("uint64_least_t")
+        {
+            uint_least64_t n = j_unsigned;
+            CHECK(json(n) == j_unsigned);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get a floating-point number (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::number_float_t n_reference{42.23};
+        json j(n_reference);
+
+        SECTION("number_float_t")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<json::number_float_t>();
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("float")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<float>();
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("double")
+        {
+            auto n = j.get<double>();
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                            json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::null).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is null");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::object).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is object");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::array).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is array");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::string).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                json(json::value_t::boolean).get<json::number_float_t>(),
+                "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is "
+                "boolean");
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(
+                json(json::value_t::number_integer).get<json::number_float_t>());
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(
+                json(json::value_t::number_unsigned).get<json::number_float_t>());
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get a floating-point number (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::number_float_t n_reference{42.23};
+        json j(n_reference);
+
+        SECTION("number_float_t")
+        {
+            json::number_float_t n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("float")
+        {
+            float n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("double")
+        {
+            double n = j;
+            CHECK(json(n).m_value.number_float == Approx(j.m_value.number_float));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get a binary value (explicit)")
+    {
+        json::binary_t n_reference{{1, 2, 3}};
+        json j(n_reference);
+
+        SECTION("binary_t")
+        {
+            json::binary_t b = j.get<json::binary_t>();
+            CHECK(*json(b).m_value.binary == *j.m_value.binary);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("get_binary()")
+        {
+            SECTION("non-const")
+            {
+                auto& b = j.get_binary();
+                CHECK(*json(b).m_value.binary == *j.m_value.binary);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-const")
+            {
+                const json j_const = j;
+                const auto& b = j_const.get_binary();
+                CHECK(*json(b).m_value.binary == *j.m_value.binary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("exception in case of a non-string type")
+        {
+            json j_null(json::value_t::null);
+            json j_object(json::value_t::object);
+            json j_array(json::value_t::array);
+            json j_string(json::value_t::string);
+            json j_boolean(json::value_t::boolean);
+            const json j_null_const(json::value_t::null);
+            const json j_object_const(json::value_t::object);
+            const json j_array_const(json::value_t::array);
+            const json j_string_const(json::value_t::string);
+            const json j_boolean_const(json::value_t::boolean);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_null.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is null",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_object.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is object",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_array.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is array",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_string.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is string",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_boolean.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is boolean",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_null_const.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is null",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_object_const.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is object",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_array_const.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is array",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_string_const.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is string",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_boolean_const.get<json::binary_t>(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is boolean",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_null.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is null",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_object.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is object",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_array.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is array",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_string.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is string",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_boolean.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is boolean",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_null_const.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is null",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_object_const.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is object",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_array_const.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is array",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_string_const.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is string",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_boolean_const.get_binary(),
+                                 "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be binary, but is boolean",
+                                 json::type_error&);
+        }
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("get a binary value (implicit)")
+    {
+        json::binary_t n_reference{{1, 2, 3}};
+        json j(n_reference);
+
+        SECTION("binary_t")
+        {
+            json::binary_t b = j;
+            CHECK(*json(b).m_value.binary == *j.m_value.binary);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("get an enum")
+    {
+        enum c_enum { value_1, value_2 };
+        enum class cpp_enum { value_1, value_2 };
+
+        CHECK(json(value_1).get<c_enum>() == value_1);
+        CHECK(json(cpp_enum::value_1).get<cpp_enum>() == cpp_enum::value_1);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("more involved conversions")
+    {
+        SECTION("object-like STL containers")
+        {
+            json j1 = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+            json j2 = {{"one", 1u}, {"two", 2u}, {"three", 3u}};
+            json j3 = {{"one", 1.1}, {"two", 2.2}, {"three", 3.3}};
+            json j4 = {{"one", true}, {"two", false}, {"three", true}};
+            json j5 = {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}, {"three", "drei"}};
+
+            SECTION("std::map")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::map<std::string, int>>();
+                j2.get<std::map<std::string, unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::map<std::string, double>>();
+                j4.get<std::map<std::string, bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::map<std::string, std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::unordered_map")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, int>>();
+                j2.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, double>>();
+                j4.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>>();
+                // CHECK(m5["one"] == "eins");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::multimap")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::multimap<std::string, int>>();
+                j2.get<std::multimap<std::string, unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::multimap<std::string, double>>();
+                j4.get<std::multimap<std::string, bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::multimap<std::string, std::string>>();
+                // CHECK(m5["one"] == "eins");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::unordered_multimap")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::unordered_multimap<std::string, int>>();
+                j2.get<std::unordered_multimap<std::string, unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::unordered_multimap<std::string, double>>();
+                j4.get<std::unordered_multimap<std::string, bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::unordered_multimap<std::string, std::string>>();
+                // CHECK(m5["one"] == "eins");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("exception in case of a non-object type")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::map<std::string, int>>()),
+                                json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::map<std::string, int>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is null");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array-like STL containers")
+        {
+            json j1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            json j2 = {1u, 2u, 3u, 4u};
+            json j3 = {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 4.5};
+            json j4 = {true, false, true};
+            json j5 = {"one", "two", "three"};
+
+            SECTION("std::list")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::list<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::list<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::list<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::list<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::list<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::forward_list")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::forward_list<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::forward_list<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::forward_list<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::forward_list<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::forward_list<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::array")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::array<int, 4>>();
+                j2.get<std::array<unsigned int, 3>>();
+                j3.get<std::array<double, 4>>();
+                j4.get<std::array<bool, 3>>();
+                j5.get<std::array<std::string, 3>>();
+
+                SECTION("std::array is larger than JSON")
+                {
+                    std::array<int, 6> arr6 = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j1.get_to(arr6), json::out_of_range&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j1.get_to(arr6), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] "
+                                      "array index 4 is out of range");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("std::array is smaller than JSON")
+                {
+                    std::array<int, 2> arr2 = {{8, 9}};
+                    j1.get_to(arr2);
+                    CHECK(arr2[0] == 1);
+                    CHECK(arr2[1] == 2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::valarray")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::valarray<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::valarray<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::valarray<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::valarray<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::valarray<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::vector")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::vector<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::vector<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::vector<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::vector<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::vector<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::deque")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::deque<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::deque<unsigned int>>();
+                j2.get<std::deque<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::deque<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::deque<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::set")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::set<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::set<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::set<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::set<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::set<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::unordered_set")
+            {
+                j1.get<std::unordered_set<int>>();
+                j2.get<std::unordered_set<unsigned int>>();
+                j3.get<std::unordered_set<double>>();
+                j4.get<std::unordered_set<bool>>();
+                j5.get<std::unordered_set<std::string>>();
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::map (array of pairs)")
+            {
+                std::map<int, int> m{{0, 1}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}};
+                json j6 = m;
+
+                auto m2 = j6.get<std::map<int, int>>();
+                CHECK(m == m2);
+
+                json j7 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+                json j8 = 2;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j7.get<std::map<int, int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j8.get<std::map<int, int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j7.get<std::map<int, int>>()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
+                                  "but is number");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j8.get<std::map<int, int>>()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
+                                  "but is number");
+
+                SECTION("superfluous entries")
+                {
+                    json j9 = {{0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4}};
+                    m2 = j9.get<std::map<int, int>>();
+                    CHECK(m == m2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::unordered_map (array of pairs)")
+            {
+                std::unordered_map<int, int> m{{0, 1}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}};
+                json j6 = m;
+
+                auto m2 = j6.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>();
+                CHECK(m == m2);
+
+                json j7 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+                json j8 = 2;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j7.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j8.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j7.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
+                                  "but is number");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH((j8.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
+                                  "but is number");
+
+                SECTION("superfluous entries")
+                {
+                    json j9{{0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4}};
+                    m2 = j9.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>();
+                    CHECK(m == m2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("exception in case of a non-object type")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::list<int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::vector<int>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::vector<json>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::list<json>>()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((json().get<std::valarray<int>>()), json::type_error&);
+
+                // does type really must be an array? or it rather must not be null?
+                // that's what I thought when other test like this one broke
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::list<int>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::vector<int>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::vector<json>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::list<json>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::valarray<int>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(
+                    (json().get<std::map<int, int>>()),
+                    "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum class cards {kreuz, pik, herz, karo};
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(cards,
+{
+    {cards::kreuz, "kreuz"},
+    {cards::pik, "pik"},
+    {cards::pik, "puk"},  // second entry for cards::puk; will not be used
+    {cards::herz, "herz"},
+    {cards::karo, "karo"}
+})
+
+enum TaskState
+{
+    TS_STOPPED,
+    TS_RUNNING,
+    TS_COMPLETED,
+    TS_INVALID = -1,
+};
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(TaskState,
+{
+    {TS_INVALID, nullptr},
+    {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"},
+    {TS_RUNNING, "running"},
+    {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"},
+})
+
+TEST_CASE("JSON to enum mapping")
+{
+    SECTION("enum class")
+    {
+        // enum -> json
+        CHECK(json(cards::kreuz) == "kreuz");
+        CHECK(json(cards::pik) == "pik");
+        CHECK(json(cards::herz) == "herz");
+        CHECK(json(cards::karo) == "karo");
+
+        // json -> enum
+        CHECK(cards::kreuz == json("kreuz"));
+        CHECK(cards::pik == json("pik"));
+        CHECK(cards::herz == json("herz"));
+        CHECK(cards::karo == json("karo"));
+
+        // invalid json -> first enum
+        CHECK(cards::kreuz == json("what?").get<cards>());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("traditional enum")
+    {
+        // enum -> json
+        CHECK(json(TS_STOPPED) == "stopped");
+        CHECK(json(TS_RUNNING) == "running");
+        CHECK(json(TS_COMPLETED) == "completed");
+        CHECK(json(TS_INVALID) == json());
+
+        // json -> enum
+        CHECK(TS_STOPPED == json("stopped"));
+        CHECK(TS_RUNNING == json("running"));
+        CHECK(TS_COMPLETED == json("completed"));
+        CHECK(TS_INVALID == json());
+
+        // invalid json -> first enum
+        CHECK(TS_INVALID == json("what?").get<TaskState>());
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #undef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #undef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#endif
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp b/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f730932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-deserialization.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1125 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <valarray>
+
+namespace
+{
+struct SaxEventLogger : public nlohmann::json_sax<json>
+{
+    bool null() override
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("null()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool val) override
+    {
+        events.emplace_back(val ? "boolean(true)" : "boolean(false)");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_integer(" + std::to_string(val) + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_unsigned(" + std::to_string(val) + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*val*/, const std::string& s) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("number_float(" + s + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("string(" + val + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(json::binary_t& val) override
+    {
+        std::string binary_contents = "binary(";
+        std::string comma_space;
+        for (auto b : val)
+        {
+            binary_contents.append(comma_space);
+            binary_contents.append(std::to_string(static_cast<int>(b)));
+            comma_space = ", ";
+        }
+        binary_contents.append(")");
+        events.push_back(binary_contents);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_object()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_object(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("key(" + val + ")");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object() override
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("end_object()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_array()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_array(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array() override
+    {
+        events.emplace_back("end_array()");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& /*last_token*/, const json::exception& /*ex*/) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("parse_error(" + std::to_string(position) + ")");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> events {};
+};
+
+struct SaxEventLoggerExitAfterStartObject : public SaxEventLogger
+{
+    bool start_object(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_object()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_object(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+struct SaxEventLoggerExitAfterKey : public SaxEventLogger
+{
+    bool key(std::string& val) override
+    {
+        events.push_back("key(" + val + ")");
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+struct SaxEventLoggerExitAfterStartArray : public SaxEventLogger
+{
+    bool start_array(std::size_t elements) override
+    {
+        if (elements == std::size_t(-1))
+        {
+            events.emplace_back("start_array()");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            events.push_back("start_array(" + std::to_string(elements) + ")");
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("deserialization")
+{
+    SECTION("successful deserialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("stream")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss1;
+            std::stringstream ss2;
+            std::stringstream ss3;
+            ss1 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            ss2 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            ss3 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            json j = json::parse(ss1);
+            CHECK(json::accept(ss2));
+            CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(json::sax_parse(ss3, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 11);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "start_array()", "string(foo)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "number_unsigned(2)", "number_unsigned(3)", "boolean(false)",
+                "start_object()", "key(one)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "end_object()", "end_array()"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string literal")
+        {
+            const auto* s = R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            json j = json::parse(s);
+            CHECK(json::accept(s));
+            CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(json::sax_parse(s, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 11);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "start_array()", "string(foo)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "number_unsigned(2)", "number_unsigned(3)", "boolean(false)",
+                "start_object()", "key(one)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "end_object()", "end_array()"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string_t")
+        {
+            json::string_t s = R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            json j = json::parse(s);
+            CHECK(json::accept(s));
+            CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(json::sax_parse(s, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 11);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "start_array()", "string(foo)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "number_unsigned(2)", "number_unsigned(3)", "boolean(false)",
+                "start_object()", "key(one)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "end_object()", "end_array()"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator<<")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            json j;
+            j << ss;
+            CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator>>")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1}])";
+            json j;
+            ss >> j;
+            CHECK(j == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("user-defined string literal")
+        {
+            CHECK("[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]"_json == json({"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("unsuccessful deserialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("stream")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss1;
+            std::stringstream ss2;
+            std::stringstream ss3;
+            std::stringstream ss4;
+            std::stringstream ss5;
+            ss1 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss2 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss3 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss4 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss5 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(ss1), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(ss2),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 29: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+            CHECK(!json::accept(ss3));
+
+            json j_error;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(ss4, nullptr, false));
+            CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(ss5, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 11);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "start_array()", "string(foo)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "number_unsigned(2)", "number_unsigned(3)", "boolean(false)",
+                "start_object()", "key(one)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "end_object()", "parse_error(29)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json::string_t s = R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(s), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(s),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 29: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+            CHECK(!json::accept(s));
+
+            json j_error;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(s, nullptr, false));
+            CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(s, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 11);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "start_array()", "string(foo)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "number_unsigned(2)", "number_unsigned(3)", "boolean(false)",
+                "start_object()", "key(one)", "number_unsigned(1)",
+                "end_object()", "parse_error(29)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator<<")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss1;
+            std::stringstream ss2;
+            ss1 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss2 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j << ss1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j << ss2,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 29: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("operator>>")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss1;
+            std::stringstream ss2;
+            ss1 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            ss2 << R"(["foo",1,2,3,false,{"one":1})";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss1 >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss2 >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 29: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("user-defined string literal")
+        {
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS("[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}"_json, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH("[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}"_json,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 29: syntax error while parsing array - unexpected end of input; expected ']'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("contiguous containers")
+    {
+        SECTION("directly")
+        {
+            SECTION("from std::vector")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::array")
+            {
+                std::array<uint8_t, 5> v { {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'} };
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from array")
+            {
+                uint8_t v[] = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from chars")
+            {
+                auto* v = new uint8_t[5]; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+                v[0] = 't';
+                v[1] = 'r';
+                v[2] = 'u';
+                v[3] = 'e';
+                v[4] = '\0';
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+
+                delete[] v; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::string")
+            {
+                std::string v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::initializer_list")
+            {
+                std::initializer_list<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("empty container")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v;
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(v));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(1)"}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("via iterator range")
+        {
+            SECTION("from std::vector")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::array")
+            {
+                std::array<uint8_t, 5> v { {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'} };
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from array")
+            {
+                uint8_t v[] = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::string")
+            {
+                std::string v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::initializer_list")
+            {
+                std::initializer_list<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("from std::valarray")
+            {
+                std::valarray<uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+                CHECK(json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)) == json(true));
+                CHECK(json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("with empty range")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v;
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(1)"}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // these cases are required for 100% line coverage
+        SECTION("error cases")
+        {
+            SECTION("case 1")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 9> v = {{'\"', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', '\\', 'u'}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(10)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 2")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 10> v = {{'\"', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', '\\', 'u', '1'}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(11)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 3")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 17> v = {{'\"', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', '\\', 'u', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1'}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(18)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 4")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 17> v = {{'\"', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'u', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '\\'}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(18)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 5")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 3> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xC1}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(3)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 6")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xDF, 0x7F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte; last read: '\"\x7f\xdf\x7f'");
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 7")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xDF, 0xC0}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 8")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xE0, 0x9F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 9")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xEF, 0xC0}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 10")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xED, 0x7F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 11")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xF0, 0x8F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 12")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xF0, 0xC0}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 13")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xF3, 0x7F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 14")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xF3, 0xC0}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 15")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 4> v = {{'\"', 0x7F, 0xF4, 0x7F}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"parse_error(4)"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("case 16")
+            {
+                std::array<std::uint8_t, 6> v = {{'{', '\"', '\"', ':', '1', '1'}};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v)), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(std::begin(v), std::end(v)));
+
+                json j_error;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j_error = json::parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), nullptr, false));
+                CHECK(j_error.is_discarded());
+
+                SaxEventLogger l;
+                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::begin(v), std::end(v), &l));
+                CHECK(l.events.size() == 4);
+                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+                {
+                    "start_object()", "key()", "number_unsigned(11)",
+                    "parse_error(7)"
+                }));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("ignoring byte-order marks")
+    {
+        std::string bom = "\xEF\xBB\xBF";
+
+        SECTION("BOM only")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(bom), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(bom),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom)), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom)),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 4: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+
+            SaxEventLogger l;
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bom, &l));
+            CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "parse_error(4)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("BOM and content")
+        {
+            CHECK(json::parse(bom + "1") == 1);
+            CHECK(json::parse(std::istringstream(bom + "1")) == 1);
+
+            SaxEventLogger l1;
+            SaxEventLogger l2;
+            CHECK(json::sax_parse(std::istringstream(bom + "1"), &l1));
+            CHECK(json::sax_parse(bom + "1", &l2));
+            CHECK(l1.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l1.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "number_unsigned(1)"
+            }));
+            CHECK(l2.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l2.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "number_unsigned(1)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("2 byte of BOM")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(bom.substr(0, 2)), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(bom.substr(0, 2)),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given; last read: '\xEF\xBB'");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 2))), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 2))),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given; last read: '\xEF\xBB'");
+
+            SaxEventLogger l1;
+            SaxEventLogger l2;
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 2)), &l1));
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bom.substr(0, 2), &l2));
+            CHECK(l1.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l1.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "parse_error(3)"
+            }));
+            CHECK(l2.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l2.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "parse_error(3)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("1 byte of BOM")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(bom.substr(0, 1)), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(bom.substr(0, 1)),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given; last read: '\xEF'");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 1))), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 1))),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid BOM; must be 0xEF 0xBB 0xBF if given; last read: '\xEF'");
+
+            SaxEventLogger l1;
+            SaxEventLogger l2;
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(std::istringstream(bom.substr(0, 1)), &l1));
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(bom.substr(0, 1), &l2));
+            CHECK(l1.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l1.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "parse_error(2)"
+            }));
+            CHECK(l2.events.size() == 1);
+            CHECK(l2.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+            {
+                "parse_error(2)"
+            }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("variations")
+        {
+            // calculate variations of each byte of the BOM to make sure
+            // that the BOM and only the BOM is skipped
+            for (int i0 = -1; i0 < 2; ++i0)
+            {
+                for (int i1 = -1; i1 < 2; ++i1)
+                {
+                    for (int i2 = -1; i2 < 2; ++i2)
+                    {
+                        // debug output for the variations
+                        CAPTURE(i0)
+                        CAPTURE(i1)
+                        CAPTURE(i2)
+
+                        std::string s;
+                        s.push_back(static_cast<char>(bom[0] + i0));
+                        s.push_back(static_cast<char>(bom[1] + i1));
+                        s.push_back(static_cast<char>(bom[2] + i2));
+
+                        if (i0 == 0 && i1 == 0 && i2 == 0)
+                        {
+                            // without any variation, we skip the BOM
+                            CHECK(json::parse(s + "null") == json());
+                            CHECK(json::parse(std::istringstream(s + "null")) == json());
+
+                            SaxEventLogger l;
+                            CHECK(json::sax_parse(s + "null", &l));
+                            CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+                            CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+                            {
+                                "null()"
+                            }));
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // any variation is an error
+                            json _;
+                            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(s + "null"), json::parse_error&);
+                            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(std::istringstream(s + "null")), json::parse_error&);
+
+                            SaxEventLogger l;
+                            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(s + "null", &l));
+                            CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+
+                            if (i0 != 0)
+                            {
+                                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+                                {
+                                    "parse_error(1)"
+                                }));
+                            }
+                            else if (i1 != 0)
+                            {
+                                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+                                {
+                                    "parse_error(2)"
+                                }));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+                                {
+                                    "parse_error(3)"
+                                }));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("preserve state after parsing")
+        {
+            std::istringstream s(bom + "123 456");
+            json j;
+            j << s;
+            CHECK(j == 123);
+            j << s;
+            CHECK(j == 456);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("SAX and early abort")
+    {
+        std::string s = R"([1, ["string", 43.12], null, {"key1": true, "key2": false}])";
+
+        SaxEventLogger default_logger;
+        SaxEventLoggerExitAfterStartObject exit_after_start_object;
+        SaxEventLoggerExitAfterKey exit_after_key;
+        SaxEventLoggerExitAfterStartArray exit_after_start_array;
+
+        json::sax_parse(s, &default_logger);
+        CHECK(default_logger.events.size() == 14);
+        CHECK(default_logger.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+        {
+            "start_array()", "number_unsigned(1)", "start_array()",
+            "string(string)", "number_float(43.12)", "end_array()", "null()",
+            "start_object()", "key(key1)", "boolean(true)", "key(key2)",
+            "boolean(false)", "end_object()", "end_array()"
+        }));
+
+        json::sax_parse(s, &exit_after_start_object);
+        CHECK(exit_after_start_object.events.size() == 8);
+        CHECK(exit_after_start_object.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+        {
+            "start_array()", "number_unsigned(1)", "start_array()",
+            "string(string)", "number_float(43.12)", "end_array()", "null()",
+            "start_object()"
+        }));
+
+        json::sax_parse(s, &exit_after_key);
+        CHECK(exit_after_key.events.size() == 9);
+        CHECK(exit_after_key.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+        {
+            "start_array()", "number_unsigned(1)", "start_array()",
+            "string(string)", "number_float(43.12)", "end_array()", "null()",
+            "start_object()", "key(key1)"
+        }));
+
+        json::sax_parse(s, &exit_after_start_array);
+        CHECK(exit_after_start_array.events.size() == 1);
+        CHECK(exit_after_start_array.events == std::vector<std::string>(
+        {
+            "start_array()"
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("deserialization of different character types (ASCII)", T,
+                   char, unsigned char, signed char,
+                   wchar_t,
+                   char16_t, char32_t,
+                   std::uint8_t, std::int8_t,
+                   std::int16_t, std::uint16_t,
+                   std::int32_t, std::uint32_t)
+{
+    std::vector<T> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
+    CHECK(json::parse(v) == json(true));
+    CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+    SaxEventLogger l;
+    CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+    CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(l.events == std::vector<std::string>({"boolean(true)"}));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("deserialization of different character types (UTF-8)", T,
+                   char, unsigned char, std::uint8_t)
+{
+    // a star emoji
+    std::vector<T> v = {'"', static_cast<T>(0xe2u), static_cast<T>(0xadu), static_cast<T>(0x90u), static_cast<T>(0xefu), static_cast<T>(0xb8u), static_cast<T>(0x8fu), '"'};
+    CHECK(json::parse(v).dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u2b50\\ufe0f\"");
+    CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+    SaxEventLogger l;
+    CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+    CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("deserialization of different character types (UTF-16)", T,
+                   char16_t, std::uint16_t)
+{
+    // a star emoji
+    std::vector<T> v = {static_cast<T>('"'), static_cast<T>(0x2b50), static_cast<T>(0xfe0f), static_cast<T>('"')};
+    CHECK(json::parse(v).dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u2b50\\ufe0f\"");
+    CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+    SaxEventLogger l;
+    CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+    CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("deserialization of different character types (UTF-32)", T,
+                   char32_t, std::uint32_t)
+{
+    // a star emoji
+    std::vector<T> v = {static_cast<T>('"'), static_cast<T>(0x2b50), static_cast<T>(0xfe0f), static_cast<T>('"')};
+    CHECK(json::parse(v).dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u2b50\\ufe0f\"");
+    CHECK(json::accept(v));
+
+    SaxEventLogger l;
+    CHECK(json::sax_parse(v, &l));
+    CHECK(l.events.size() == 1);
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-diagnostics.cpp b/test/src/unit-diagnostics.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a88f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-diagnostics.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#ifdef JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+    #undef JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+#endif
+
+#define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("Better diagnostics")
+{
+    SECTION("empty JSON Pointer")
+    {
+        json j = 1;
+        std::string s;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(s = j.get<std::string>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("invalid type")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["a"]["b"]["c"] = 1;
+        std::string s;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(s = j["a"]["b"]["c"].get<std::string>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/a/b/c) type must be string, but is number", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("missing key")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["object"]["object"] = true;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j["object"].at("not_found"), "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] (/object) key 'not_found' not found", json::out_of_range);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array index out of range")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["array"][4] = true;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j["array"].at(5), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] (/array) array index 5 is out of range", json::out_of_range);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array index at wrong type")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["array"][4] = true;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j["array"][4][5], "[json.exception.type_error.305] (/array/4) cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with boolean", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("wrong iterator")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["array"] = json::array();
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j["array"].erase(j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] (/array) iterator does not fit current value", json::invalid_iterator);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("JSON Pointer escaping")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["a/b"]["m~n"] = 1;
+        std::string s;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(s = j["a/b"]["m~n"].get<std::string>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/a~1b/m~0n) type must be string, but is number", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Parse error")
+    {
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse(""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal", json::parse_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Regression test for https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2562#pullrequestreview-574858448")
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(json({"0", "0"})[1].get<int>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/1) type must be number, but is string", json::type_error);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(json({"0", "1"})[1].get<int>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/1) type must be number, but is string", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Regression test for https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2562/files/380a613f2b5d32425021129cd1f371ddcfd54ddf#r563259793")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["/foo"] = {1, 2, 3};
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j.unflatten(), "[json.exception.type_error.315] (/~1foo) values in object must be primitive", json::type_error);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Regression test for https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2838")
+    {
+        // void push_back(basic_json&& val)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            j_arr.push_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.push_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.push_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.push_back(json::object());
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+
+        // void push_back(const basic_json& val)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            auto object = json::object();
+            j_arr.push_back(object);
+            j_arr.push_back(object);
+            j_arr.push_back(object);
+            j_arr.push_back(object);
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+
+        // reference emplace_back(Args&& ... args)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            j_arr.emplace_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.emplace_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.emplace_back(json::object());
+            j_arr.emplace_back(json::object());
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+
+        // iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), json::object());
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), json::object());
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), json::object());
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), json::object());
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+
+        // iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), 2, json::object());
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+
+        // iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+        {
+            json j_arr = json::array();
+            json j_objects = {json::object(), json::object()};
+            j_arr.insert(j_arr.begin(), j_objects.begin(), j_objects.end());
+            json j_obj = json::object();
+            j_obj["key"] = j_arr;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-disabled_exceptions.cpp b/test/src/unit-disabled_exceptions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce564b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-disabled_exceptions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// disable -Wnoexcept as exceptions are switched off for this test suite
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #2824
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class sax_no_exception : public nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit sax_no_exception(json& j) : nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>(j, false) {}
+
+    static bool parse_error(std::size_t /*position*/, const std::string& /*last_token*/, const json::exception& ex)
+    {
+        error_string = new std::string(ex.what()); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static std::string* error_string;
+};
+
+std::string* sax_no_exception::error_string = nullptr;
+
+TEST_CASE("Tests with disabled exceptions")
+{
+    SECTION("issue #2824 - encoding of json::exception::what()")
+    {
+        json j;
+        sax_no_exception sax(j);
+
+        CHECK (!json::sax_parse("xyz", &sax));
+        CHECK(*sax_no_exception::error_string == "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'x'");
+        delete sax_no_exception::error_string; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp b/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6924caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-element_access1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("element access 1")
+{
+    SECTION("array")
+    {
+        json j = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+        const json j_const = j;
+
+        SECTION("access specified element with bounds checking")
+        {
+            SECTION("access within bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.at(0) == json(1));
+                CHECK(j.at(1) == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j.at(2) == json(true));
+                CHECK(j.at(3) == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j.at(4) == json("string"));
+                CHECK(j.at(5) == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j.at(6) == json::object());
+                CHECK(j.at(7) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+
+                CHECK(j_const.at(0) == json(1));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(1) == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(2) == json(true));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(3) == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(4) == json("string"));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(5) == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j_const.at(6) == json::object());
+                CHECK(j_const.at(7) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access outside bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at(8), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at(8), json::out_of_range&);
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at(8),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 8 is out of range");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at(8),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 8 is out of range");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access on non-array type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with null");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with object");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with object");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.at(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const.at(0), json::type_error&);
+
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const.at(0), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("front and back")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.front() == json(1));
+            CHECK(j_const.front() == json(1));
+            CHECK(j.back() == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            CHECK(j_const.back() == json({1, 2, 3}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("access specified element")
+        {
+            SECTION("access within bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK(j[0] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j[1] == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j[2] == json(true));
+                CHECK(j[3] == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j[4] == json("string"));
+                CHECK(j[5] == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j[6] == json::object());
+                CHECK(j[7] == json({1, 2, 3}));
+
+                CHECK(j_const[0] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j_const[1] == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j_const[2] == json(true));
+                CHECK(j_const[3] == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j_const[4] == json("string"));
+                CHECK(j_const[5] == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j_const[6] == json::object());
+                CHECK(j_const[7] == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access on non-array type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    SECTION("standard tests")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
+                        const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                        CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonarray[0]);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with null");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("implicit transformation to properly filled array")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonarray;
+                        j_nonarray[3] = 42;
+                        CHECK(j_nonarray == json({nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 42}));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray_const[0], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray_const[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("remove specified element")
+        {
+            SECTION("remove element by index")
+            {
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(0);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(1);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(2);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(3);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(4);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(5);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(6);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, {1, 2, 3}}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    jarray.erase(7);
+                    CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object()}));
+                }
+                {
+                    json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(8), json::out_of_range&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(8),
+                                      "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 8 is out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("remove element by iterator")
+            {
+                SECTION("erase(begin())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.begin());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1u));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1u));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase(begin(), end())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.begin(), jarray.end());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json::array());
+                        CHECK(it2 == jarray.end());
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin(), jarray.cend());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json::array());
+                        CHECK(it2 == jarray.cend());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase(begin(), begin())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.begin(), jarray.begin());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin(), jarray.cbegin());
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase at offset")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::iterator it = jarray.begin() + 4;
+                        json::iterator it2 = jarray.erase(it);
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(42.23));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::const_iterator it = jarray.cbegin() + 4;
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jarray.erase(it);
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, nullptr, 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(42.23));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase subrange")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.begin() + 3, jarray.begin() + 6);
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json::object());
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin() + 3, jarray.cbegin() + 6);
+                        CHECK(jarray == json({1, 1u, true, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json::object());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("different arrays")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json jarray2 = {"foo", "bar"};
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray.begin(), jarray2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin(), jarray.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin(), jarray2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray.begin(), jarray2.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin(), jarray.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.begin(), jarray2.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jarray = {1, 1u, true, nullptr, "string", 42.23, json::object(), {1, 2, 3}};
+                        json jarray2 = {"foo", "bar"};
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jarray.erase(jarray2.cbegin(), jarray2.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("remove element by index in non-array type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::object);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with object");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase(0), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase(0),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("other values")
+    {
+        SECTION("front and back")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.front(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.back(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.front(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.back(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j{};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.front(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.back(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.front(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.back(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = "foo";
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j = "bar";
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (boolean)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = false;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j = true;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j = 17;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating point)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+                {
+                    const json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK(j.front() == j);
+                    CHECK(j.back() == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("erase with one valid iterator")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin()), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin()),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin()), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin()),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = "foo";
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = "bar";
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (boolean)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = false;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = true;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating point)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("binary")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("erase with one invalid iterator")
+        {
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = "foo";
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = "bar";
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (boolean)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = false;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = true;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating point)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("erase with two valid iterators")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.end()), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.end()),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend()), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend()),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = "foo";
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = "bar";
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (boolean)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = false;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = true;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating point)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("binary")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                    json::iterator it = j.erase(j.begin(), j.end());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+                    json::const_iterator it = j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cend());
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(it == j.end());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("erase with two invalid iterators")
+        {
+            SECTION("string")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = "foo";
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = "bar";
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (boolean)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = false;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = true;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (integer)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 17u;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("number (floating point)")
+            {
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.end(), j.end()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.begin(), j.begin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+                {
+                    json j = 23.42;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cend(), j.cend()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.erase(j.cbegin(), j.cbegin()), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp b/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e92d21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("element access 2")
+{
+    SECTION("object")
+    {
+        json j = {{"integer", 1}, {"unsigned", 1u}, {"floating", 42.23}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "hello world"}, {"boolean", true}, {"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3}}};
+        const json j_const = j;
+
+        SECTION("access specified element with bounds checking")
+        {
+            SECTION("access within bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.at("integer") == json(1));
+                CHECK(j.at("unsigned") == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j.at("boolean") == json(true));
+                CHECK(j.at("null") == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j.at("string") == json("hello world"));
+                CHECK(j.at("floating") == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j.at("object") == json::object());
+                CHECK(j.at("array") == json({1, 2, 3}));
+
+                CHECK(j_const.at("integer") == json(1));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("unsigned") == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("boolean") == json(true));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("null") == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("string") == json("hello world"));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("floating") == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j_const.at("object") == json::object());
+                CHECK(j_const.at("array") == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access outside bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("foo"), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("foo"), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("foo"),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'foo' not found");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at("foo"),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'foo' not found");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access on non-object type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with null");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with array");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with array");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.at("foo"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("access specified element with default value")
+        {
+            SECTION("given a key")
+            {
+                SECTION("access existing value")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.value("integer", 2) == 1);
+                    CHECK(j.value("integer", 1.0) == Approx(1));
+                    CHECK(j.value("unsigned", 2) == 1u);
+                    CHECK(j.value("unsigned", 1.0) == Approx(1u));
+                    CHECK(j.value("null", json(1)) == json());
+                    CHECK(j.value("boolean", false) == true);
+                    CHECK(j.value("string", "bar") == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j.value("string", std::string("bar")) == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j.value("floating", 12.34) == Approx(42.23));
+                    CHECK(j.value("floating", 12) == 42);
+                    CHECK(j.value("object", json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json::object());
+                    CHECK(j.value("array", json({10, 100})) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("integer", 2) == 1);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("integer", 1.0) == Approx(1));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("unsigned", 2) == 1u);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("unsigned", 1.0) == Approx(1u));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("boolean", false) == true);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("string", "bar") == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("string", std::string("bar")) == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("floating", 12.34) == Approx(42.23));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("floating", 12) == 42);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("object", json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json::object());
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("array", json({10, 100})) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("access non-existing value")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", 2) == 2);
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", 2u) == 2u);
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", false) == false);
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", "bar") == "bar");
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", 12.34) == Approx(12.34));
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+                    CHECK(j.value("_", json({10, 100})) == json({10, 100}));
+
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", 2) == 2);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", 2u) == 2u);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", false) == false);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", "bar") == "bar");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", 12.34) == Approx(12.34));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("_", json({10, 100})) == json({10, 100}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("access on non-object type")
+                {
+                    SECTION("null")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::null);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with null");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with null");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("boolean")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::boolean);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with boolean");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with boolean");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("string")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::string);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with string");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with string");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("array")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::array);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with array");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with array");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (integer)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_float);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("foo", 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("given a JSON pointer")
+            {
+                SECTION("access existing value")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.value("/integer"_json_pointer, 2) == 1);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/integer"_json_pointer, 1.0) == Approx(1));
+                    CHECK(j.value("/unsigned"_json_pointer, 2) == 1u);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/unsigned"_json_pointer, 1.0) == Approx(1u));
+                    CHECK(j.value("/null"_json_pointer, json(1)) == json());
+                    CHECK(j.value("/boolean"_json_pointer, false) == true);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/string"_json_pointer, "bar") == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j.value("/string"_json_pointer, std::string("bar")) == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j.value("/floating"_json_pointer, 12.34) == Approx(42.23));
+                    CHECK(j.value("/floating"_json_pointer, 12) == 42);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/object"_json_pointer, json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json::object());
+                    CHECK(j.value("/array"_json_pointer, json({10, 100})) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/integer"_json_pointer, 2) == 1);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/integer"_json_pointer, 1.0) == Approx(1));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/unsigned"_json_pointer, 2) == 1u);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/unsigned"_json_pointer, 1.0) == Approx(1u));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/boolean"_json_pointer, false) == true);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/string"_json_pointer, "bar") == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/string"_json_pointer, std::string("bar")) == "hello world");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/floating"_json_pointer, 12.34) == Approx(42.23));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/floating"_json_pointer, 12) == 42);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/object"_json_pointer, json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json::object());
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/array"_json_pointer, json({10, 100})) == json({1, 2, 3}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("access on non-object type")
+                {
+                    SECTION("null")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::null);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with null");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with null");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("boolean")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::boolean);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with boolean");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with boolean");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("string")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::string);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with string");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with string");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("array")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::array);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with array");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with array");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (integer)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+
+                    SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                    {
+                        json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                        const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_float);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), json::type_error&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject_const.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1),
+                                          "[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("front and back")
+        {
+            // "array" is the smallest key
+            CHECK(j.front() == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            CHECK(j_const.front() == json({1, 2, 3}));
+            // "unsigned" is the largest key
+            CHECK(j.back() == json(1u));
+            CHECK(j_const.back() == json(1u));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("access specified element")
+        {
+            SECTION("access within bounds")
+            {
+                CHECK(j["integer"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("integer")] == j["integer"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["unsigned"] == json(1u));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("unsigned")] == j["unsigned"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["boolean"] == json(true));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("boolean")] == j["boolean"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["null"] == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("null")] == j["null"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["string"] == json("hello world"));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("string")] == j["string"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["floating"] == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("floating")] == j["floating"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["object"] == json::object());
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("object")] == j["object"]);
+
+                CHECK(j["array"] == json({1, 2, 3}));
+                CHECK(j[json::object_t::key_type("array")] == j["array"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["integer"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("integer")] == j["integer"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["boolean"] == json(true));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("boolean")] == j["boolean"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["null"] == json(nullptr));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("null")] == j["null"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["string"] == json("hello world"));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("string")] == j["string"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["floating"] == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("floating")] == j["floating"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["object"] == json::object());
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("object")] == j["object"]);
+
+                CHECK(j_const["array"] == json({1, 2, 3}));
+                CHECK(j_const[json::object_t::key_type("array")] == j["array"]);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("access on non-object type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    json j_nonobject2(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonobject["foo"]);
+                    CHECK_NOTHROW(j_nonobject2[json::object_t::key_type("foo")]);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with null");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with boolean");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_const_nonobject(j_nonobject);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject["foo"], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")], json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject["foo"],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const_nonobject[json::object_t::key_type("foo")],
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("remove specified element")
+        {
+            SECTION("remove element by key")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.find("integer") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("integer") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("integer") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("integer") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("unsigned") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("unsigned") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("unsigned") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("unsigned") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("boolean") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("boolean") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("boolean") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("boolean") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("null") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("null") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("null") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("null") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("string") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("string") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("string") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("string") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("floating") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("floating") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("floating") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("floating") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("object") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("object") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("object") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("object") == 0);
+
+                CHECK(j.find("array") != j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("array") == 1);
+                CHECK(j.find("array") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j.erase("array") == 0);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("remove element by iterator")
+            {
+                SECTION("erase(begin())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.begin());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.cbegin());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(1));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase(begin(), end())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.begin(), jobject.end());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json::object());
+                        CHECK(it2 == jobject.end());
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.cbegin(), jobject.cend());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json::object());
+                        CHECK(it2 == jobject.cend());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase(begin(), begin())")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.begin(), jobject.begin());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json("a"));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.cbegin(), jobject.cbegin());
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json("a"));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase at offset")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::iterator it = jobject.find("b");
+                        json::iterator it2 = jobject.erase(it);
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(17));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        json::const_iterator it = jobject.find("b");
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jobject.erase(it);
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"c", 17u}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(17));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("erase subrange")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                        json::iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.find("b"), jobject.find("e"));
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"e", true}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(true));
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                        json::const_iterator it2 = jobject.erase(jobject.find("b"), jobject.find("e"));
+                        CHECK(jobject == json({{"a", "a"}, {"e", true}}));
+                        CHECK(*it2 == json(true));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("different objects")
+                {
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                        json jobject2 = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject.begin(), jobject2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin(), jobject.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin(), jobject2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject.begin(), jobject2.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin(), jobject.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.begin(), jobject2.end()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                    }
+                    {
+                        json jobject = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}, {"d", false}, {"e", true}};
+                        json jobject2 = {{"a", "a"}, {"b", 1}, {"c", 17u}};
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(jobject.erase(jobject2.cbegin(), jobject2.cend()),
+                                          "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("remove element by key in non-object type")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with null");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with boolean");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with string");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with array");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonobject.erase("foo"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonobject.erase("foo"),
+                                      "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("find an element in an object")
+        {
+            SECTION("existing element")
+            {
+                for (const auto* key :
+                        {"integer", "unsigned", "floating", "null", "string", "boolean", "object", "array"
+                        })
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.find(key) != j.end());
+                    CHECK(*j.find(key) == j.at(key));
+                    CHECK(j_const.find(key) != j_const.end());
+                    CHECK(*j_const.find(key) == j_const.at(key));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting element")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.find("foo") == j.end());
+                CHECK(j_const.find("foo") == j_const.end());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("all types")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::object);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::array);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonarray(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonarray_const(j_nonarray);
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray.find("foo") == j_nonarray.end());
+                    CHECK(j_nonarray_const.find("foo") == j_nonarray_const.end());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("count keys in an object")
+        {
+            SECTION("existing element")
+            {
+                for (const auto* key :
+                        {"integer", "unsigned", "floating", "null", "string", "boolean", "object", "array"
+                        })
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.count(key) == 1);
+                    CHECK(j_const.count(key) == 1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting element")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.count("foo") == 0);
+                CHECK(j_const.count("foo") == 0);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("all types")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::string);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::object);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::object);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.count("foo") == 0);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.count("foo") == 0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("check existence of key in an object")
+        {
+            SECTION("existing element")
+            {
+                for (const auto* key :
+                        {"integer", "unsigned", "floating", "null", "string", "boolean", "object", "array"
+                        })
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.contains(key) == true);
+                    CHECK(j_const.contains(key) == true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting element")
+            {
+                CHECK(j.contains("foo") == false);
+                CHECK(j_const.contains("foo") == false);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("all types")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::null);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::null);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("string")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::string);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::string);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("object")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::object);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::object);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::array);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("boolean")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::boolean);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (integer)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_integer);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+                {
+                    json j_nonobject(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    const json j_nonobject_const(json::value_t::number_float);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject.contains("foo") == false);
+                    CHECK(j_nonobject_const.contains("foo") == false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("element access 2 (throwing tests)")
+{
+    SECTION("object")
+    {
+        json j = {{"integer", 1}, {"unsigned", 1u}, {"floating", 42.23}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "hello world"}, {"boolean", true}, {"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3}}};
+        const json j_const = {{"integer", 1}, {"unsigned", 1u}, {"floating", 42.23}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "hello world"}, {"boolean", true}, {"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3}}};
+
+        SECTION("access specified element with default value")
+        {
+            SECTION("given a JSON pointer")
+            {
+                SECTION("access non-existing value")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 2) == 2);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 2u) == 2u);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, false) == false);
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, "bar") == "bar");
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 12.34) == Approx(12.34));
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+                    CHECK(j.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, json({10, 100})) == json({10, 100}));
+
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 2) == 2);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 2u) == 2u);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, false) == false);
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, "bar") == "bar");
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, 12.34) == Approx(12.34));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, json({{"foo", "bar"}})) == json({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+                    CHECK(j_const.value("/not/existing"_json_pointer, json({10, 100})) == json({10, 100}));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/test/src/unit-hash.cpp b/test/src/unit-hash.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46a68ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-hash.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <set>
+
+TEST_CASE("hash")
+{
+    // Collect hashes for different JSON values and make sure that they are distinct
+    // We cannot compare against fixed values, because the implementation of
+    // std::hash may differ between compilers.
+
+    std::set<std::size_t> hashes;
+
+    // null
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(nullptr)));
+
+    // boolean
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(true)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(false)));
+
+    // string
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json("")));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json("foo")));
+
+    // number
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(0)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(unsigned(0))));
+
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(-1)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(0.0)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(42.23)));
+
+    // array
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::array()));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::array({1, 2, 3})));
+
+    // object
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::object()));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::object({{"foo", "bar"}})));
+
+    // binary
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({})));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({}, 0)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({}, 42)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({1, 2, 3})));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({1, 2, 3}, 0)));
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json::binary({1, 2, 3}, 42)));
+
+    // discarded
+    hashes.insert(std::hash<json> {}(json(json::value_t::discarded)));
+
+    CHECK(hashes.size() == 21);
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp b/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b65086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-inspection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("object inspection")
+{
+    SECTION("convenience type checker")
+    {
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", false}};
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(!j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j {"foo", 1, 1u, 42.23, false};
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(!j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j(nullptr);
+            CHECK(j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j(true);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j("Hello world");
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j(42);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(j.is_number());
+            CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j(42u);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(j.is_number());
+            CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+        {
+            json j(42.23);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            json j(json::value_t::binary);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(!j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            json j(json::value_t::discarded);
+            CHECK(!j.is_null());
+            CHECK(!j.is_boolean());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_integer());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_unsigned());
+            CHECK(!j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(!j.is_binary());
+            CHECK(!j.is_object());
+            CHECK(!j.is_array());
+            CHECK(!j.is_string());
+            CHECK(j.is_discarded());
+            CHECK(!j.is_primitive());
+            CHECK(!j.is_structured());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("serialization")
+    {
+        json j {{"object", json::object()}, {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4}}, {"number", 42}, {"boolean", false}, {"null", nullptr}, {"string", "Hello world"} };
+
+        SECTION("no indent / indent=-1")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.dump() ==
+                  "{\"array\":[1,2,3,4],\"boolean\":false,\"null\":null,\"number\":42,\"object\":{},\"string\":\"Hello world\"}");
+
+            CHECK(j.dump() == j.dump(-1));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("indent=0")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.dump(0) ==
+                  "{\n\"array\": [\n1,\n2,\n3,\n4\n],\n\"boolean\": false,\n\"null\": null,\n\"number\": 42,\n\"object\": {},\n\"string\": \"Hello world\"\n}");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("indent=1, space='\t'")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.dump(1, '\t') ==
+                  "{\n\t\"array\": [\n\t\t1,\n\t\t2,\n\t\t3,\n\t\t4\n\t],\n\t\"boolean\": false,\n\t\"null\": null,\n\t\"number\": 42,\n\t\"object\": {},\n\t\"string\": \"Hello world\"\n}");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("indent=4")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.dump(4) ==
+                  "{\n    \"array\": [\n        1,\n        2,\n        3,\n        4\n    ],\n    \"boolean\": false,\n    \"null\": null,\n    \"number\": 42,\n    \"object\": {},\n    \"string\": \"Hello world\"\n}");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("indent=x")
+        {
+            CHECK(j.dump().size() == 94);
+            CHECK(j.dump(1).size() == 127);
+            CHECK(j.dump(2).size() == 142);
+            CHECK(j.dump(512).size() == 7792);
+
+            // important test, because it yields a resize of the indent_string
+            // inside the dump() function
+            CHECK(j.dump(1024).size() == 15472);
+
+            const auto binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3}, 128);
+            CHECK(binary.dump(1024).size() == 2086);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("dump and floating-point numbers")
+        {
+            auto s = json(42.23).dump();
+            CHECK(s.find("42.23") != std::string::npos);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("dump and small floating-point numbers")
+        {
+            auto s = json(1.23456e-78).dump();
+            CHECK(s.find("1.23456e-78") != std::string::npos);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("dump and non-ASCII characters")
+        {
+            CHECK(json("ä").dump() == "\"ä\"");
+            CHECK(json("Ö").dump() == "\"Ö\"");
+            CHECK(json("❤️").dump() == "\"❤️\"");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("dump with ensure_ascii and non-ASCII characters")
+        {
+            CHECK(json("ä").dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u00e4\"");
+            CHECK(json("Ö").dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u00d6\"");
+            CHECK(json("❤️").dump(-1, ' ', true) == "\"\\u2764\\ufe0f\"");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("full Unicode escaping to ASCII")
+        {
+            SECTION("parsing yields the same JSON value")
+            {
+                std::ifstream f_escaped(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode_ascii.json");
+                std::ifstream f_unescaped(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json");
+
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_escaped);
+                json j2 = json::parse(f_unescaped);
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("dumping yields the same JSON text")
+            {
+                std::ifstream f_escaped(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode_ascii.json");
+                std::ifstream f_unescaped(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json");
+
+                json value = json::parse(f_unescaped);
+                std::string text = value.dump(4, ' ', true);
+
+                std::string expected((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f_escaped)),
+                                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+                CHECK(text == expected);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("serialization of discarded element")
+        {
+            json j_discarded(json::value_t::discarded);
+            CHECK(j_discarded.dump() == "<discarded>");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("check that precision is reset after serialization")
+        {
+            // create stringstream and set precision
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss.precision(3);
+            ss << 3.141592653589793 << std::fixed;
+            CHECK(ss.str() == "3.14");
+
+            // reset stringstream
+            ss.str(std::string());
+
+            // use stringstream for JSON serialization
+            json j_number = 3.14159265358979;
+            ss << j_number;
+
+            // check that precision has been overridden during serialization
+            CHECK(ss.str() == "3.14159265358979");
+
+            // check that precision has been restored
+            CHECK(ss.precision() == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("round trips")
+    {
+        for (const auto& s :
+                {"3.141592653589793", "1000000000000000010E5"
+                })
+        {
+            json j1 = json::parse(s);
+            std::string s1 = j1.dump();
+            json j2 = json::parse(s1);
+            std::string s2 = j2.dump();
+            CHECK(s1 == s2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("return the type of the object (explicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::boolean);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "Hello world";
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::string);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = 23;
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_integer);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_unsigned);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+        {
+            json j = 42.23;
+            CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::number_float);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("return the type of the object (implicit)")
+    {
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "Hello world";
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = 23;
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (floating-point)")
+        {
+            json j = 42.23;
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            json j = json::binary({});
+            json::value_t t = j;
+            CHECK(t == j.type());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-items.cpp b/test/src/unit-items.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d406f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-items.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1467 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#elif (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201402L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX14) && _HAS_CXX14 == 1)
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#endif
+
+// This test suite uses range for loops where values are copied. This is inefficient in usual code, but required to achieve 100% coverage.
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wrange-loop-construct")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wrange-loop-construct")
+
+TEST_CASE("iterator_wrapper")
+{
+    SECTION("object")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = json(11);
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(11));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = json(22);
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(22));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+
+            // check if values where changed
+            CHECK(j == json({ {"A", 11}, {"B", 22} }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const object")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = "AA";
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "AA");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = "BB";
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "BB");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+
+            // check if values where changed
+            CHECK(j == json({ "AA", "BB" }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const array")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("primitive")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+
+                // change value
+                i.value() = json(2);
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+
+            // check if value has changed
+            CHECK(j == json(2));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const primitive")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : json::iterator_wrapper(j)) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : json::iterator_wrapper(j))
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("items()")
+{
+    SECTION("object")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = json(11);
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(11));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = json(22);
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(22));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+
+            // check if values where changed
+            CHECK(j == json({ {"A", 11}, {"B", 22} }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+        SECTION("structured bindings")
+        {
+            json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+
+            std::map<std::string, int> m;
+
+            for (auto const&[key, value] : j.items())
+            {
+                m.emplace(key, value);
+            }
+
+            CHECK(j.get<decltype(m)>() == m);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const object")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { {"A", 1}, {"B", 2} };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "A");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "B");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == json(2));
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = "AA";
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "AA");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+
+                        // change the value
+                        i.value() = "BB";
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "BB");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+
+            // check if values where changed
+            CHECK(j == json({ "AA", "BB" }));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const array")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = { "A", "B" };
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                switch (counter++)
+                {
+                    case 1:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "0");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "A");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case 2:
+                    {
+                        CHECK(i.key() == "1");
+                        CHECK(i.value() == "B");
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("primitive")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+
+                // change value
+                i.value() = json(2);
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+
+            // check if value has changed
+            CHECK(j == json(2));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const primitive")
+    {
+        SECTION("value")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("reference")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const value")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto i : j.items()) // NOLINT(performance-for-range-copy)
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            const json j = 1;
+            int counter = 1;
+
+            for (const auto& i : j.items())
+            {
+                ++counter;
+                CHECK(i.key() == "");
+                CHECK(i.value() == json(1));
+            }
+
+            CHECK(counter == 2);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #undef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+    #undef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
+#endif
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp b/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3580ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-iterators1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("iterators 1")
+{
+    SECTION("basic behavior")
+    {
+        SECTION("uninitialized")
+        {
+            json::iterator it;
+            CHECK(it.m_object == nullptr);
+
+            json::const_iterator cit;
+            CHECK(cit.m_object == nullptr);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("additional tests")
+            {
+                SECTION("!(begin != begin)")
+                {
+                    CHECK(!(j.begin() != j.begin()));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("!(end != end)")
+                {
+                    CHECK(!(j.end() != j.end()));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin < end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() < j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin <= end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() <= j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end > begin")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() > j.begin());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end >= begin")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() >= j.begin());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end == end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() == j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end <= end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() <= j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin == begin")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() == j.begin());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin <= begin")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() <= j.begin());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin >= begin")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() >= j.begin());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("!(begin == end)")
+                {
+                    CHECK(!(j.begin() == j.end()));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin != end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() != j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin+1 == end")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() + 1 == j.end());
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin == end-1")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() == j.end() - 1);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin != end+1")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() != j.end() + 1);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end != end+1")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() != j.end() + 1);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin+1 != begin+2")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() + 1 != j.begin() + 2);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin+1 < begin+2")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() + 1 < j.begin() + 2);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("begin+1 <= begin+2")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.begin() + 1 <= j.begin() + 2);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("end+1 != end+2")
+                {
+                    CHECK(j.end() + 1 != j.end() + 2);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(true));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(true));
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json("hello world"));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json("hello world"));
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j = {1, 2, 3};
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it_begin = j.begin();
+                json::iterator it_end = j.end();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const[0]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const[2]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it_begin = j.rbegin();
+                json::reverse_iterator it_end = j.rend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j.crbegin();
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j.crend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j_const.crbegin();
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j_const.crend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[2]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[1]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j[0]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(1));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j = {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2}, {"C", 3}};
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it_begin = j.begin();
+                json::iterator it_end = j.end();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["A"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["C"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["A"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j_const["C"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it_begin = j.rbegin();
+                json::reverse_iterator it_end = j.rend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j.crbegin();
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j.crend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_begin = j_const.crbegin();
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it_end = j_const.crend();
+
+                auto it = it_begin;
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["C"]);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["B"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it != it_end);
+                CHECK(*it == j["A"]);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != it_begin);
+                CHECK(it == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it.key() == "A");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(1));
+                CHECK(cit.key() == "A");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = 23;
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(23));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(23));
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(23));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(23));
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.begin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.end());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.begin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.end());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.cbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.cend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.rbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.rend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                it++;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                it--;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+
+                ++it;
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+
+                --it;
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crbegin());
+                CHECK(it != j_const.crend());
+                CHECK(*it == j_const);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(it.value() == json(23.42));
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK(cit.value() == json(23.42));
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            json j_const(j);
+
+            SECTION("json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::iterator it = j.begin();
+                CHECK(it == j.end());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + begin/end")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.begin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.end();
+                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j.cend();
+                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + cbegin/cend")
+            {
+                json::const_iterator it_begin = j_const.cbegin();
+                json::const_iterator it_end = j_const.cend();
+                CHECK(it_begin == it_end);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + rbegin/rend")
+            {
+                json::reverse_iterator it = j.rbegin();
+                CHECK(it == j.rend());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it == j.crend());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json + crbegin/crend")
+            {
+                json::const_reverse_iterator it = j_const.crbegin();
+                CHECK(it == j_const.crend());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("key/value")
+            {
+                auto it = j.begin();
+                auto cit = j_const.cbegin();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(it.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(cit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(cit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+
+                auto rit = j.rend();
+                auto crit = j.crend();
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(rit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.key(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(crit.value(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(rit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.key(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(crit.value(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("conversion from iterator to const iterator")
+    {
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j = {1, 2, 3};
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j = {{"A", 1}, {"B", 2}, {"C", 3}};
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = 23;
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            json::const_iterator it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+            it = j.begin();
+            CHECK(it == j.cbegin());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp b/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab67bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-iterators2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("iterators 2")
+{
+    SECTION("iterator comparisons")
+    {
+        json j_values = {nullptr, true, 42, 42u, 23.23, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, "Hello, world"};
+
+        for (json& j : j_values)
+        {
+            auto it1 = j.begin();
+            auto it2 = j.begin();
+            auto it3 = j.begin();
+            ++it2;
+            ++it3;
+            ++it3;
+            auto it1_c = j.cbegin();
+            auto it2_c = j.cbegin();
+            auto it3_c = j.cbegin();
+            ++it2_c;
+            ++it3_c;
+            ++it3_c;
+
+            // comparison: equal
+            {
+                CHECK(it1 == it1);
+                CHECK(!(it1 == it2));
+                CHECK(!(it1 == it3));
+                CHECK(!(it2 == it3));
+                CHECK(it1_c == it1_c);
+                CHECK(!(it1_c == it2_c));
+                CHECK(!(it1_c == it3_c));
+                CHECK(!(it2_c == it3_c));
+            }
+
+            // comparison: not equal
+            {
+                // check definition
+                CHECK( (it1 != it1) == !(it1 == it1) );
+                CHECK( (it1 != it2) == !(it1 == it2) );
+                CHECK( (it1 != it3) == !(it1 == it3) );
+                CHECK( (it2 != it3) == !(it2 == it3) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it1_c) == !(it1_c == it1_c) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it2_c) == !(it1_c == it2_c) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it3_c) == !(it1_c == it3_c) );
+                CHECK( (it2_c != it3_c) == !(it2_c == it3_c) );
+            }
+
+            // comparison: smaller
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 < it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c < it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CHECK(!(it1 < it1));
+                    CHECK(it1 < it2);
+                    CHECK(it1 < it3);
+                    CHECK(it2 < it3);
+                    CHECK(!(it1_c < it1_c));
+                    CHECK(it1_c < it2_c);
+                    CHECK(it1_c < it3_c);
+                    CHECK(it2_c < it3_c);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: less than or equal
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 <= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c <= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it1) == !(it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it2) == !(it2 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it3) == !(it3 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 <= it3) == !(it3 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it1_c) == !(it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it2_c) == !(it2_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it3_c) == !(it3_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c <= it3_c) == !(it3_c < it2_c) );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: greater than
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 > it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c > it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it1) == (it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it2) == (it2 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it3) == (it3 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 > it3) == (it3 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it1_c) == (it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it2_c) == (it2_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it2_c) );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: greater than or equal
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 >= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c >= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it1) == !(it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it2) == !(it1 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it3) == !(it1 < it3) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 >= it3) == !(it2 < it3) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it1_c) == !(it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it2_c) == !(it1_c < it2_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it3_c) == !(it1_c < it3_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c >= it3_c) == !(it2_c < it3_c) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check exceptions if different objects are compared
+        for (auto j : j_values)
+        {
+            for (auto k : j_values)
+            {
+                if (j != k)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.begin() == k.begin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.cbegin() == k.cbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.begin() < k.begin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.cbegin() < k.cbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    // the output differs in each loop, so we cannot fix a string for the expected exception
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.begin() == k.begin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.cbegin() == k.cbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.begin() < k.begin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.cbegin() < k.cbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+#endif
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("iterator arithmetic")
+    {
+        json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+        json j_null = nullptr;
+        json j_value = 42;
+
+        SECTION("addition and subtraction")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it += 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it += 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it + 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it + 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(1 + it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(1 + it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(1 + it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(1 + it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it -= 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it -= 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.begin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_array.begin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_array.begin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.begin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(*it == json(4));
+                    it -= 2;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(2));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.cbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_array.cbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_array.cbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.cbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_array.cbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(*it == json(4));
+                    it -= 2;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(2));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.begin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_null.begin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_null.begin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.begin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_null.begin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_null.end());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(it == j_null.end());
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.cbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_null.cbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_null.cbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.cbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_null.cbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_null.cend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(it == j_null.cend());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("value")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.begin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_value.begin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_value.begin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.begin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_value.begin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_value.end());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.cbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_value.cbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK((3 + j_value.cbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.cbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_value.cbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_value.cend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("subscript operator")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.begin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(1));
+                    CHECK(it[1] == json(2));
+                    CHECK(it[2] == json(3));
+                    CHECK(it[3] == json(4));
+                    CHECK(it[4] == json(5));
+                    CHECK(it[5] == json(6));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.cbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(1));
+                    CHECK(it[1] == json(2));
+                    CHECK(it[2] == json(3));
+                    CHECK(it[3] == json(4));
+                    CHECK(it[4] == json(5));
+                    CHECK(it[5] == json(6));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.begin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.cbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("value")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.begin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.cbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reverse iterator comparisons")
+    {
+        json j_values = {nullptr, true, 42, 42u, 23.23, {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, "Hello, world"};
+
+        for (json& j : j_values)
+        {
+            auto it1 = j.rbegin();
+            auto it2 = j.rbegin();
+            auto it3 = j.rbegin();
+            ++it2;
+            ++it3;
+            ++it3;
+            auto it1_c = j.crbegin();
+            auto it2_c = j.crbegin();
+            auto it3_c = j.crbegin();
+            ++it2_c;
+            ++it3_c;
+            ++it3_c;
+
+            // comparison: equal
+            {
+                CHECK(it1 == it1);
+                CHECK(!(it1 == it2));
+                CHECK(!(it1 == it3));
+                CHECK(!(it2 == it3));
+                CHECK(it1_c == it1_c);
+                CHECK(!(it1_c == it2_c));
+                CHECK(!(it1_c == it3_c));
+                CHECK(!(it2_c == it3_c));
+            }
+
+            // comparison: not equal
+            {
+                // check definition
+                CHECK( (it1 != it1) == !(it1 == it1) );
+                CHECK( (it1 != it2) == !(it1 == it2) );
+                CHECK( (it1 != it3) == !(it1 == it3) );
+                CHECK( (it2 != it3) == !(it2 == it3) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it1_c) == !(it1_c == it1_c) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it2_c) == !(it1_c == it2_c) );
+                CHECK( (it1_c != it3_c) == !(it1_c == it3_c) );
+                CHECK( (it2_c != it3_c) == !(it2_c == it3_c) );
+            }
+
+            // comparison: smaller
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 < it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 < it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c < it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c < it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 < it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c < it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CHECK(!(it1 < it1));
+                    CHECK(it1 < it2);
+                    CHECK(it1 < it3);
+                    CHECK(it2 < it3);
+                    CHECK(!(it1_c < it1_c));
+                    CHECK(it1_c < it2_c);
+                    CHECK(it1_c < it3_c);
+                    CHECK(it2_c < it3_c);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: less than or equal
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 <= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 <= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c <= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c <= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 <= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c <= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it1) == !(it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it2) == !(it2 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 <= it3) == !(it3 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 <= it3) == !(it3 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it1_c) == !(it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it2_c) == !(it2_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c <= it3_c) == !(it3_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c <= it3_c) == !(it3_c < it2_c) );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: greater than
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 > it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 > it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c > it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c > it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 > it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c > it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it1) == (it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it2) == (it2 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 > it3) == (it3 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 > it3) == (it3 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it1_c) == (it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it2_c) == (it2_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c > it3_c) == (it3_c < it2_c) );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // comparison: greater than or equal
+            {
+                if (j.type() == json::value_t::object)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it2, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2 >= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1 >= it3, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it1_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it2_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it2_c >= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it1_c >= it3_c, json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] (/5) cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it2, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1 >= it3, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it1_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it2_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it2_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it1_c >= it3_c, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators");
+#endif
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // check definition
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it1) == !(it1 < it1) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it2) == !(it1 < it2) );
+                    CHECK( (it1 >= it3) == !(it1 < it3) );
+                    CHECK( (it2 >= it3) == !(it2 < it3) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it1_c) == !(it1_c < it1_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it2_c) == !(it1_c < it2_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it1_c >= it3_c) == !(it1_c < it3_c) );
+                    CHECK( (it2_c >= it3_c) == !(it2_c < it3_c) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check exceptions if different objects are compared
+        for (auto j : j_values)
+        {
+            for (auto k : j_values)
+            {
+                if (j != k)
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.rbegin() == k.rbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.crbegin() == k.crbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.rbegin() < k.rbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.crbegin() < k.crbegin(), json::invalid_iterator&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                    // the output differs in each loop, so we cannot fix a string for the expected exception
+#else
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.rbegin() == k.rbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.crbegin() == k.crbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.rbegin() < k.rbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.crbegin() < k.crbegin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers");
+#endif
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reverse iterator arithmetic")
+    {
+        json j_object = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+        json j_null = nullptr;
+        json j_value = 42;
+
+        SECTION("addition and subtraction")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it += 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it += 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it += 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it + 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it + 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it + 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(1 + it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(1 + it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(1 + it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(1 + it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it -= 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it -= 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it -= 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - 1, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - 1, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it - it, json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it - it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.rbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_array.rbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::reverse_iterator(3 + j_array.rbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.rbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_array.rbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(*it == json(3));
+                    it -= 2;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(5));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.crbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_array.crbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::const_reverse_iterator(3 + j_array.crbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_array.crbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_array.crbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(*it == json(3));
+                    it -= 2;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(5));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.rbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_null.rbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::reverse_iterator(3 + j_null.rbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.rbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_null.rbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_null.rend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(it == j_null.rend());
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.crbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_null.crbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::const_reverse_iterator(3 + j_null.crbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_null.crbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_null.crbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_null.crend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(it == j_null.crend());
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("value")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.rbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_value.rbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::reverse_iterator(3 + j_value.rbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.rbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_value.rbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_value.rend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.crbegin();
+                    it += 3;
+                    CHECK((j_value.crbegin() + 3) == it);
+                    CHECK(json::const_reverse_iterator(3 + j_value.crbegin()) == it);
+                    CHECK((it - 3) == j_value.crbegin());
+                    CHECK((it - j_value.crbegin()) == 3);
+                    CHECK(it != j_value.crend());
+                    it -= 3;
+                    CHECK(*it == json(42));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("subscript operator")
+        {
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_object.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.rbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(6));
+                    CHECK(it[1] == json(5));
+                    CHECK(it[2] == json(4));
+                    CHECK(it[3] == json(3));
+                    CHECK(it[4] == json(2));
+                    CHECK(it[5] == json(1));
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_array.crbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(6));
+                    CHECK(it[1] == json(5));
+                    CHECK(it[2] == json(4));
+                    CHECK(it[3] == json(3));
+                    CHECK(it[4] == json(2));
+                    CHECK(it[5] == json(1));
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.rbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_null.crbegin();
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[0], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[0], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("value")
+            {
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.rbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+                {
+                    auto it = j_value.crbegin();
+                    CHECK(it[0] == json(42));
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(it[1], json::invalid_iterator&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(it[1], "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp b/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6ecc1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-json_patch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("JSON patch")
+{
+    SECTION("examples from RFC 6902")
+    {
+        SECTION("4. Operations")
+        {
+            // the ordering of members in JSON objects is not significant:
+            json op1 = R"({ "op": "add", "path": "/a/b/c", "value": "foo" })"_json;
+            json op2 = R"({ "path": "/a/b/c", "op": "add", "value": "foo" })"_json;
+            json op3 = R"({ "value": "foo", "path": "/a/b/c", "op": "add" })"_json;
+
+            // check if the operation objects are equivalent
+            CHECK(op1 == op2);
+            CHECK(op1 == op3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("4.1 add")
+        {
+            json patch = R"([{ "op": "add", "path": "/a/b/c", "value": [ "foo", "bar" ] }])"_json;
+
+            // However, the object itself or an array containing it does need
+            // to exist, and it remains an error for that not to be the case.
+            // For example, an "add" with a target location of "/a/b" starting
+            // with this document
+            json doc1 = R"({ "a": { "foo": 1 } })"_json;
+
+            // is not an error, because "a" exists, and "b" will be added to
+            // its value.
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(doc1.patch(patch));
+            auto doc1_ans = R"(
+                {
+                    "a": {
+                        "foo": 1,
+                        "b": {
+                            "c": [ "foo", "bar" ]
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            )"_json;
+            CHECK(doc1.patch(patch) == doc1_ans);
+
+            // It is an error in this document:
+            json doc2 = R"({ "q": { "bar": 2 } })"_json;
+
+            // because "a" does not exist.
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(doc2.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(doc2.patch(patch),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'a' not found");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("4.2 remove")
+        {
+            // If removing an element from an array, any elements above the
+            // specified index are shifted one position to the left.
+            json doc = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}, {"path", "/1"}}};
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == json({1, 3, 4}));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.1. Adding an Object Member")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": "bar"}
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/baz", "value": "qux" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    {
+                        "baz": "qux",
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.2. Adding an Array Element")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "bar", "baz" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/foo/1", "value": "qux" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "bar", "qux", "baz" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.3. Removing an Object Member")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                        "baz": "qux",
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "remove", "path": "/baz" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    { "foo": "bar" }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.4. Removing an Array Element")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "bar", "qux", "baz" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "remove", "path": "/foo/1" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "bar", "baz" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.5. Replacing a Value")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                        "baz": "qux",
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "replace", "path": "/baz", "value": "boo" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            json expected = R"(
+                    {
+                        "baz": "boo",
+                        "foo": "bar"
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.6. Moving a Value")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                           "bar": "baz",
+                            "waldo": "fred"
+                        },
+                        "qux": {
+                            "corge": "grault"
+                        }
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "move", "from": "/foo/waldo", "path": "/qux/thud" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    {
+                        "foo": {
+                           "bar": "baz"
+                        },
+                        "qux": {
+                            "corge": "grault",
+                            "thud": "fred"
+                        }
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.7. Moving a Value")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "all", "grass", "cows", "eat" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "move", "from": "/foo/1", "path": "/foo/3" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    { "foo": [ "all", "cows", "eat", "grass" ] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.8. Testing a Value: Success")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                         "baz": "qux",
+                         "foo": [ "a", 2, "c" ]
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document that will result in successful evaluation:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "test", "path": "/baz", "value": "qux" },
+                        { "op": "test", "path": "/foo/1", "value": 2 }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if evaluation does not throw
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(doc.patch(patch));
+            // check if patched document is unchanged
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == doc);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.9. Testing a Value: Error")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "baz": "qux" }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document that will result in an error condition:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "test", "path": "/baz", "value": "bar" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check that evaluation throws
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(doc.patch(patch), json::other_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] (/0) unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#else
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#endif
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.10. Adding a Nested Member Object")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": "bar" }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/child", "value": { "grandchild": { } } }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                {
+                    "foo": "bar",
+                    "child": {
+                        "grandchild": {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.11. Ignoring Unrecognized Elements")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": "bar" }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/baz", "value": "qux", "xyz": 123 }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            json expected = R"(
+                    {
+                        "foo": "bar",
+                        "baz": "qux"
+                    } 
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.12. Adding to a Nonexistent Target")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": "bar" }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/baz/bat", "value": "qux" }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // This JSON Patch document, applied to the target JSON document
+            // above, would result in an error (therefore, it would not be
+            // applied), because the "add" operation's target location that
+            // references neither the root of the document, nor a member of
+            // an existing object, nor a member of an existing array.
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(doc.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(doc.patch(patch),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'baz' not found");
+        }
+
+        // A.13. Invalid JSON Patch Document
+        // not applicable
+
+        SECTION("A.14. Escape Ordering")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                        "/": 9,
+                        "~1": 10
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "test", "path": "/~01", "value": 10}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            json expected = R"(
+                    {
+                        "/": 9,
+                        "~1": 10
+                    } 
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.15. Comparing Strings and Numbers")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    {
+                        "/": 9,
+                        "~1": 10
+                    } 
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document that will result in an error condition:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "test", "path": "/~01", "value": "10"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check that evaluation throws
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(doc.patch(patch), json::other_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] (/0) unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#else
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#endif
+        }
+
+        SECTION("A.16. Adding an Array Value")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                    { "foo": ["bar"] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/foo/-", "value": ["abc", "def"] }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                    { "foo": ["bar", ["abc", "def"]] }
+                )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("own examples")
+    {
+        SECTION("add")
+        {
+            SECTION("add to the root element")
+            {
+                // If the path is the root of the target document - the
+                // specified value becomes the entire content of the target
+                // document.
+
+                // An example target JSON document:
+                json doc = 17;
+
+                // A JSON Patch document:
+                json patch = R"(
+                        [
+                            { "op": "add", "path": "", "value": [1,2,3] }
+                        ]
+                    )"_json;
+
+                // The resulting JSON document:
+                json expected = {1, 2, 3};
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("add to end of the array")
+            {
+                // The specified index MUST NOT be greater than the number of
+                // elements in the array. The example below uses and index of
+                // exactly the number of elements in the array which is legal.
+
+                // An example target JSON document:
+                json doc = {0, 1, 2};
+
+                // A JSON Patch document:
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        { "op": "add", "path": "/3", "value": 3 }
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The resulting JSON document:
+                json expected = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy")
+        {
+            // An example target JSON document:
+            json doc = R"(
+                {
+                    "foo": {
+                        "bar": "baz",
+                        "waldo": "fred"
+                    },
+                    "qux": {
+                       "corge": "grault"
+                    }
+                }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // A JSON Patch document:
+            json patch = R"(
+                [
+                    { "op": "copy", "from": "/foo/waldo", "path": "/qux/thud" }
+                ]
+            )"_json;
+
+            // The resulting JSON document:
+            json expected = R"(
+                {
+                    "foo": {
+                        "bar": "baz",
+                        "waldo": "fred"
+                    },
+                    "qux": {
+                       "corge": "grault",
+                       "thud": "fred"
+                    }
+                }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("replace")
+        {
+            json j = "string";
+            json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", ""}, {"value", 1}}};
+            CHECK(j.patch(patch) == json(1));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("documentation GIF")
+        {
+            {
+                // a JSON patch
+                json p1 = R"(
+                     [{"op": "add", "path": "/GB", "value": "London"}]
+                    )"_json;
+
+                // a JSON value
+                json source = R"(
+                      {"D": "Berlin", "F": "Paris"}
+                    )"_json;
+
+                // apply the patch
+                json target = source.patch(p1);
+                // target = { "D": "Berlin", "F": "Paris", "GB": "London" }
+                CHECK(target == R"({ "D": "Berlin", "F": "Paris", "GB": "London" })"_json);
+
+                // create a diff from two JSONs
+                json p2 = json::diff(target, source);
+                // p2 = [{"op": "delete", "path": "/GB"}]
+                CHECK(p2 == R"([{"op":"remove","path":"/GB"}])"_json);
+            }
+            {
+                // a JSON value
+                json j = {"good", "bad", "ugly"};
+
+                // a JSON pointer
+                auto ptr = json::json_pointer("/2");
+
+                // use to access elements
+                j[ptr] = {{"it", "cattivo"}};
+                CHECK(j == R"(["good","bad",{"it":"cattivo"}])"_json);
+
+                // use user-defined string literal
+                j["/2/en"_json_pointer] = "ugly";
+                CHECK(j == R"(["good","bad",{"en":"ugly","it":"cattivo"}])"_json);
+
+                json flat = j.flatten();
+                CHECK(flat == R"({"/0":"good","/1":"bad","/2/en":"ugly","/2/it":"cattivo"})"_json);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("unknown operation")
+        {
+            SECTION("not an array")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{"op", "add"}, {"path", ""}, {"value", 1}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("not an array of objects")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {"op", "add", "path", "", "value", 1};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: (/0) JSON patch must be an array of objects");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'op'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"foo", "bar"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation must have member 'op'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation must have member 'op'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'op'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation must have string member 'op'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation must have string member 'op'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid operation")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "foo"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation value 'foo' is invalid");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation value 'foo' is invalid");
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("add")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "add"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'add' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "add"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'add' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'value'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "add"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'add' must have member 'value'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have member 'value'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid array index")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "add"}, {"path", "/4"}, {"value", 4}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("remove")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'remove' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'remove' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'remove' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'remove' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting target location (array)")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}, {"path", "/17"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 17 is out of range");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting target location (object)")
+            {
+                json j = {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", 2}};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}, {"path", "/baz"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'baz' not found");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("root element as target location")
+            {
+                json j = "string";
+                json patch = {{{"op", "remove"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("replace")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'replace' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'replace' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'replace' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'replace' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'value'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'replace' must have member 'value'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'replace' must have member 'value'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting target location (array)")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", "/17"}, {"value", 19}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 17 is out of range");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting target location (object)")
+            {
+                json j = {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", 2}};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", "/baz"}, {"value", 3}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'baz' not found");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("move")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'move' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'move' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'move' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'move' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'from'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'move' must have member 'from'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'move' must have member 'from'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'from'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}, {"path", ""}, {"from", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'move' must have string member 'from'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'move' must have string member 'from'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting from location (array)")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}, {"path", "/0"}, {"from", "/5"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting from location (object)")
+            {
+                json j = {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", 2}};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "move"}, {"path", "/baz"}, {"from", "/baz"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'baz' not found");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'copy' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'copy' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'from'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'copy' must have member 'from'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have member 'from'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'from'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}, {"path", ""}, {"from", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'copy' must have string member 'from'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have string member 'from'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting from location (array)")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}, {"path", "/0"}, {"from", "/5"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonexisting from location (object)")
+            {
+                json j = {{"foo", 1}, {"bar", 2}};
+                json patch = {{{"op", "copy"}, {"path", "/fob"}, {"from", "/baz"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch),
+                                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'baz' not found");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("test")
+        {
+            SECTION("missing 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "test"}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'test' must have member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'test' must have member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string 'path'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "test"}, {"path", 1}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'test' must have string member 'path'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'test' must have string member 'path'");
+#endif
+            }
+
+            SECTION("missing 'value'")
+            {
+                json j;
+                json patch = {{{"op", "test"}, {"path", ""}}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.patch(patch), json::parse_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: (/0) operation 'test' must have member 'value'");
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.patch(patch), "[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'test' must have member 'value'");
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Examples from jsonpatch.com")
+    {
+        SECTION("Simple Example")
+        {
+            // The original document
+            json doc = R"(
+                {
+                  "baz": "qux",
+                  "foo": "bar"
+                }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // The patch
+            json patch = R"(
+                [
+                  { "op": "replace", "path": "/baz", "value": "boo" },
+                  { "op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"] },
+                  { "op": "remove", "path": "/foo"}
+                ]
+            )"_json;
+
+            // The result
+            json result = R"(
+                {
+                   "baz": "boo",
+                   "hello": ["world"]
+                }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // check if patched value is as expected
+            CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Operations")
+        {
+            // The original document
+            json doc = R"(
+                {
+                  "biscuits": [
+                    {"name":"Digestive"},
+                    {"name": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                  ]
+                }
+            )"_json;
+
+            SECTION("add")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "add", "path": "/biscuits/1", "value": {"name": "Ginger Nut"}}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The result
+                json result = R"(
+                    {
+                      "biscuits": [
+                        {"name": "Digestive"},
+                        {"name": "Ginger Nut"},
+                        {"name": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                      ]
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("remove")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "remove", "path": "/biscuits"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The result
+                json result = R"(
+                    {}
+                )"_json;
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("replace")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "replace", "path": "/biscuits/0/name", "value": "Chocolate Digestive"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The result
+                json result = R"(
+                    {
+                      "biscuits": [
+                        {"name": "Chocolate Digestive"},
+                        {"name": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                      ]
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("copy")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "copy", "from": "/biscuits/0", "path": "/best_biscuit"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The result
+                json result = R"(
+                    {
+                      "biscuits": [
+                        {"name": "Digestive"},
+                        {"name": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                      ],
+                      "best_biscuit": {
+                        "name": "Digestive"
+                      }
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("move")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "move", "from": "/biscuits", "path": "/cookies"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // The result
+                json result = R"(
+                    {
+                      "cookies": [
+                        {"name": "Digestive"},
+                        {"name": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                      ]
+                    }
+                )"_json;
+
+                // check if patched value is as expected
+                CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == result);
+
+                // check roundtrip
+                CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, result)) == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("test")
+            {
+                // The patch
+                json patch = R"(
+                    [
+                        {"op": "test", "path": "/best_biscuit/name", "value": "Choco Liebniz"}
+                    ]
+                )"_json;
+
+                // the test will fail
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(doc.patch(patch), json::other_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] (/0) unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#else
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(doc.patch(patch), "[json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: " + patch[0].dump());
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Examples from bruth.github.io/jsonpatch-js")
+    {
+        SECTION("add")
+        {
+            CHECK(R"( {} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "add", "path": "/foo", "value": "bar"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": "bar"} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [1, 3]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "add", "path": "/foo", "value": "bar"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": "bar"} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [{}]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "add", "path": "/foo/0/bar", "value": "baz"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [{"bar": "baz"}]} )"_json);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("remove")
+        {
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": "bar"} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "remove", "path": "/foo"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [1, 2, 3]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "remove", "path": "/foo/1"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [1, 3]} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [{"bar": "baz"}]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "remove", "path": "/foo/0/bar"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [{}]} )"_json);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("replace")
+        {
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": "bar"} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "replace", "path": "/foo", "value": 1}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": 1} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [1, 2, 3]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "replace", "path": "/foo/1", "value": 4}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [1, 4, 3]} )"_json);
+
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [{"bar": "baz"}]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "replace", "path": "/foo/0/bar", "value": 1}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [{"bar": 1}]} )"_json);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("move")
+        {
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [1, 2, 3]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "move", "from": "/foo", "path": "/bar"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"bar": [1, 2, 3]} )"_json);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy")
+        {
+            CHECK(R"( {"foo": [1, 2, 3]} )"_json.patch(
+                      R"( [{"op": "copy", "from": "/foo/1", "path": "/bar"}] )"_json
+                  ) == R"( {"foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": 2} )"_json);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy")
+        {
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(R"( {"foo": "bar"} )"_json.patch(
+                              R"( [{"op": "test", "path": "/foo", "value": "bar"}] )"_json));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Tests from github.com/json-patch/json-patch-tests")
+    {
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json-patch-tests/spec_tests.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json-patch-tests/tests.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            json suite = json::parse(f);
+
+            for (const auto& test : suite)
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(test.value("comment", ""));
+
+                // skip tests marked as disabled
+                if (test.value("disabled", false))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const auto& doc = test["doc"];
+                const auto& patch = test["patch"];
+
+                if (test.count("error") == 0)
+                {
+                    // if an expected value is given, use it; use doc otherwise
+                    const auto& expected = test.value("expected", doc);
+                    CHECK(doc.patch(patch) == expected);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    CHECK_THROWS(doc.patch(patch));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp b/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c2011d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("JSON pointers")
+{
+    SECTION("errors")
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::json_pointer("foo"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::json_pointer("foo"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.107] parse error at byte 1: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo'");
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::json_pointer("/~~"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::json_pointer("/~~"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'");
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::json_pointer("/~"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::json_pointer("/~"),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'");
+
+        json::json_pointer p;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(p.top(), json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(p.top(),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(p.pop_back(), json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(p.pop_back(),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent");
+
+        SECTION("array index error")
+        {
+            json v = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            json::json_pointer ptr("/10e");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(v[ptr], json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(v[ptr],
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token '10e'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("examples from RFC 6901")
+    {
+        SECTION("nonconst access")
+        {
+            json j = R"(
+            {
+                "foo": ["bar", "baz"],
+                "": 0,
+                "a/b": 1,
+                "c%d": 2,
+                "e^f": 3,
+                "g|h": 4,
+                "i\\j": 5,
+                "k\"l": 6,
+                " ": 7,
+                "m~n": 8
+            }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // the whole document
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer()] == j);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("")] == j);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer()));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("")));
+
+            // array access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo")] == j["foo"]);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo")));
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo/0")] == j["foo"][0]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo/1")] == j["foo"][1]);
+            CHECK(j["/foo/1"_json_pointer] == j["foo"][1]);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/0")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/1")));
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/3")));
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/+")));
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/1+2")));
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo/-")));
+
+            // checked array access
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/foo/0")) == j["foo"][0]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/foo/1")) == j["foo"][1]);
+
+            // empty string access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/")] == j[""]);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/")));
+
+            // other cases
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/ ")] == j[" "]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/c%d")] == j["c%d"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/e^f")] == j["e^f"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/g|h")] == j["g|h"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/i\\j")] == j["i\\j"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/k\"l")] == j["k\"l"]);
+
+            // contains
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/ ")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/c%d")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/e^f")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/g|h")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/i\\j")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/k\"l")));
+
+            // checked access
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/ ")) == j[" "]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/c%d")) == j["c%d"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/e^f")) == j["e^f"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/g|h")) == j["g|h"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/i\\j")) == j["i\\j"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/k\"l")) == j["k\"l"]);
+
+            // escaped access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/a~1b")] == j["a/b"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/m~0n")] == j["m~n"]);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a~1b")));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/m~0n")));
+
+            // unescaped access
+            // access to nonexisting values yield object creation
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/b")));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(j[json::json_pointer("/a/b")] = 42);
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/b")));
+            CHECK(j["a"]["b"] == json(42));
+
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/c/1")));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(j[json::json_pointer("/a/c/1")] = 42);
+            CHECK(j["a"]["c"] == json({nullptr, 42}));
+            CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/c/1")));
+
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/d/-")));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(j[json::json_pointer("/a/d/-")] = 42);
+            CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/d/-")));
+            CHECK(j["a"]["d"] == json::array({42}));
+            // "/a/b" works for JSON {"a": {"b": 42}}
+            CHECK(json({{"a", {{"b", 42}}}})[json::json_pointer("/a/b")] == json(42));
+
+            // unresolved access
+            json j_primitive = 1;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_primitive["/foo"_json_pointer], json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_primitive["/foo"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_primitive.at("/foo"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_primitive.at("/foo"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'");
+            CHECK(!j_primitive.contains(json::json_pointer("/foo")));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const access")
+        {
+            const json j = R"(
+            {
+                "foo": ["bar", "baz"],
+                "": 0,
+                "a/b": 1,
+                "c%d": 2,
+                "e^f": 3,
+                "g|h": 4,
+                "i\\j": 5,
+                "k\"l": 6,
+                " ": 7,
+                "m~n": 8
+            }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // the whole document
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer()] == j);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("")] == j);
+
+            // array access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo")] == j["foo"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo/0")] == j["foo"][0]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/foo/1")] == j["foo"][1]);
+            CHECK(j["/foo/1"_json_pointer] == j["foo"][1]);
+
+            // checked array access
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/foo/0")) == j["foo"][0]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/foo/1")) == j["foo"][1]);
+
+            // empty string access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/")] == j[""]);
+
+            // other cases
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/ ")] == j[" "]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/c%d")] == j["c%d"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/e^f")] == j["e^f"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/g|h")] == j["g|h"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/i\\j")] == j["i\\j"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/k\"l")] == j["k\"l"]);
+
+            // checked access
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/ ")) == j[" "]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/c%d")) == j["c%d"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/e^f")) == j["e^f"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/g|h")) == j["g|h"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/i\\j")) == j["i\\j"]);
+            CHECK(j.at(json::json_pointer("/k\"l")) == j["k\"l"]);
+
+            // escaped access
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/a~1b")] == j["a/b"]);
+            CHECK(j[json::json_pointer("/m~0n")] == j["m~n"]);
+
+            // unescaped access
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at(json::json_pointer("/a/b")), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at(json::json_pointer("/a/b")),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'a' not found");
+
+            // unresolved access
+            const json j_primitive = 1;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_primitive["/foo"_json_pointer], json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_primitive["/foo"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_primitive.at("/foo"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_primitive.at("/foo"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token 'foo'");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("user-defined string literal")
+        {
+            json j = R"(
+            {
+                "foo": ["bar", "baz"],
+                "": 0,
+                "a/b": 1,
+                "c%d": 2,
+                "e^f": 3,
+                "g|h": 4,
+                "i\\j": 5,
+                "k\"l": 6,
+                " ": 7,
+                "m~n": 8
+            }
+            )"_json;
+
+            // the whole document
+            CHECK(j[""_json_pointer] == j);
+            CHECK(j.contains(""_json_pointer));
+
+            // array access
+            CHECK(j["/foo"_json_pointer] == j["foo"]);
+            CHECK(j["/foo/0"_json_pointer] == j["foo"][0]);
+            CHECK(j["/foo/1"_json_pointer] == j["foo"][1]);
+            CHECK(j.contains("/foo"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(j.contains("/foo/0"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(j.contains("/foo/1"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/foo/-"_json_pointer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array access")
+    {
+        SECTION("nonconst access")
+        {
+            json j = {1, 2, 3};
+            const json j_const = j;
+
+            // check reading access
+            CHECK(j["/0"_json_pointer] == j[0]);
+            CHECK(j["/1"_json_pointer] == j[1]);
+            CHECK(j["/2"_json_pointer] == j[2]);
+
+            // assign to existing index
+            j["/1"_json_pointer] = 13;
+            CHECK(j[1] == json(13));
+
+            // assign to nonexisting index
+            j["/3"_json_pointer] = 33;
+            CHECK(j[3] == json(33));
+
+            // assign to nonexisting index (with gap)
+            j["/5"_json_pointer] = 55;
+            CHECK(j == json({1, 13, 3, 33, nullptr, 55}));
+
+            // error with leading 0
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j["/01"_json_pointer], json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j["/01"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const["/01"_json_pointer], json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const["/01"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/01"_json_pointer), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/01"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("/01"_json_pointer), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at("/01"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'");
+
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/01"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/01"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/01"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/01"_json_pointer));
+
+            // error with incorrect numbers
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j["/one"_json_pointer] = 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j["/one"_json_pointer] = 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const["/one"_json_pointer] == 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const["/one"_json_pointer] == 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/one"_json_pointer) = 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/one"_json_pointer) = 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("/one"_json_pointer) == 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at("/one"_json_pointer) == 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j["/+1"_json_pointer] = 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j["/+1"_json_pointer] = 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const["/+1"_json_pointer] == 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const["/+1"_json_pointer] == 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j["/1+1"_json_pointer] = 1, json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j["/1+1"_json_pointer] = 1,
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token '1+1'");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const["/1+1"_json_pointer] == 1, json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const["/1+1"_json_pointer] == 1,
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token '1+1'");
+
+            {
+                auto too_large_index = std::to_string((std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max)()) + "1";
+                json::json_pointer jp(std::string("/") + too_large_index);
+                std::string throw_msg = std::string("[json.exception.out_of_range.404] unresolved reference token '") + too_large_index + "'";
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j[jp] = 1, json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j[jp] = 1, throw_msg.c_str());
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const[jp] == 1, json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const[jp] == 1, throw_msg.c_str());
+            }
+
+            // on some machines, the check below is not constant
+            DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+            DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127)
+
+            if (sizeof(typename json::size_type) < sizeof(unsigned long long))
+            {
+                auto size_type_max_uul = static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<json::size_type>::max)());
+                auto too_large_index = std::to_string(size_type_max_uul);
+                json::json_pointer jp(std::string("/") + too_large_index);
+                std::string throw_msg = std::string("[json.exception.out_of_range.410] array index ") + too_large_index + " exceeds size_type";
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j[jp] = 1, json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j[jp] = 1, throw_msg.c_str());
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const[jp] == 1, json::out_of_range&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const[jp] == 1, throw_msg.c_str());
+            }
+
+            DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/one"_json_pointer) = 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/one"_json_pointer) = 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("/one"_json_pointer) == 1, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at("/one"_json_pointer) == 1,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number");
+
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/one"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/one"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/one"_json_pointer));
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/one"_json_pointer));
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json({{"/list/0", 1}, {"/list/1", 2}, {"/list/three", 3}}).unflatten(), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json({{"/list/0", 1}, {"/list/1", 2}, {"/list/three", 3}}).unflatten(),
+            "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'three' is not a number");
+
+            // assign to "-"
+            j["/-"_json_pointer] = 99;
+            CHECK(j == json({1, 13, 3, 33, nullptr, 55, 99}));
+
+            // error when using "-" in const object
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const["/-"_json_pointer], json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const["/-"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (3) is out of range");
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/-"_json_pointer));
+
+            // error when using "-" with at
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/-"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/-"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (7) is out of range");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_const.at("/-"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_const.at("/-"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (3) is out of range");
+            CHECK(!j_const.contains("/-"_json_pointer));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("const access")
+        {
+            const json j = {1, 2, 3};
+
+            // check reading access
+            CHECK(j["/0"_json_pointer] == j[0]);
+            CHECK(j["/1"_json_pointer] == j[1]);
+            CHECK(j["/2"_json_pointer] == j[2]);
+
+            // assign to nonexisting index
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/3"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/3"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range");
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/3"_json_pointer));
+
+            // assign to nonexisting index (with gap)
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/5"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/5"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range");
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/5"_json_pointer));
+
+            // assign to "-"
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j["/-"_json_pointer], json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j["/-"_json_pointer],
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (3) is out of range");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.at("/-"_json_pointer), json::out_of_range&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.at("/-"_json_pointer),
+                              "[json.exception.out_of_range.402] array index '-' (3) is out of range");
+            CHECK(!j.contains("/-"_json_pointer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("flatten")
+    {
+        json j =
+        {
+            {"pi", 3.141},
+            {"happy", true},
+            {"name", "Niels"},
+            {"nothing", nullptr},
+            {
+                "answer", {
+                    {"everything", 42}
+                }
+            },
+            {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+            {
+                "object", {
+                    {"currency", "USD"},
+                    {"value", 42.99},
+                    {"", "empty string"},
+                    {"/", "slash"},
+                    {"~", "tilde"},
+                    {"~1", "tilde1"}
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        json j_flatten =
+        {
+            {"/pi", 3.141},
+            {"/happy", true},
+            {"/name", "Niels"},
+            {"/nothing", nullptr},
+            {"/answer/everything", 42},
+            {"/list/0", 1},
+            {"/list/1", 0},
+            {"/list/2", 2},
+            {"/object/currency", "USD"},
+            {"/object/value", 42.99},
+            {"/object/", "empty string"},
+            {"/object/~1", "slash"},
+            {"/object/~0", "tilde"},
+            {"/object/~01", "tilde1"}
+        };
+
+        // check if flattened result is as expected
+        CHECK(j.flatten() == j_flatten);
+
+        // check if unflattened result is as expected
+        CHECK(j_flatten.unflatten() == j);
+
+        // error for nonobjects
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json(1).unflatten(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json(1).unflatten(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.314] only objects can be unflattened");
+
+        // error for nonprimitve values
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json({{"/1", {1, 2, 3}}}).unflatten(), json::type_error&);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json({{"/1", {1, 2, 3}}}).unflatten(), "[json.exception.type_error.315] (/~11) values in object must be primitive");
+#else
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json({{"/1", {1, 2, 3}}}).unflatten(), "[json.exception.type_error.315] values in object must be primitive");
+#endif
+
+        // error for conflicting values
+        json j_error = {{"", 42}, {"/foo", 17}};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_error.unflatten(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_error.unflatten(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.313] invalid value to unflatten");
+
+        // explicit roundtrip check
+        CHECK(j.flatten().unflatten() == j);
+
+        // roundtrip for primitive values
+        json j_null;
+        CHECK(j_null.flatten().unflatten() == j_null);
+        json j_number = 42;
+        CHECK(j_number.flatten().unflatten() == j_number);
+        json j_boolean = false;
+        CHECK(j_boolean.flatten().unflatten() == j_boolean);
+        json j_string = "foo";
+        CHECK(j_string.flatten().unflatten() == j_string);
+
+        // roundtrip for empty structured values (will be unflattened to null)
+        json j_array(json::value_t::array);
+        CHECK(j_array.flatten().unflatten() == json());
+        json j_object(json::value_t::object);
+        CHECK(j_object.flatten().unflatten() == json());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("string representation")
+    {
+        for (const auto* ptr :
+                {"", "/foo", "/foo/0", "/", "/a~1b", "/c%d", "/e^f", "/g|h", "/i\\j", "/k\"l", "/ ", "/m~0n"
+                })
+        {
+            CHECK(json::json_pointer(ptr).to_string() == ptr);
+            CHECK(std::string(json::json_pointer(ptr)) == ptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("conversion")
+    {
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            json j;
+            // all numbers -> array
+            j["/12"_json_pointer] = 0;
+            CHECK(j.is_array());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            json j;
+            // contains a number, but is not a number -> object
+            j["/a12"_json_pointer] = 0;
+            CHECK(j.is_object());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("empty, push, pop and parent")
+    {
+        const json j =
+        {
+            {"", "Hello"},
+            {"pi", 3.141},
+            {"happy", true},
+            {"name", "Niels"},
+            {"nothing", nullptr},
+            {
+                "answer", {
+                    {"everything", 42}
+                }
+            },
+            {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+            {
+                "object", {
+                    {"currency", "USD"},
+                    {"value", 42.99},
+                    {"", "empty string"},
+                    {"/", "slash"},
+                    {"~", "tilde"},
+                    {"~1", "tilde1"}
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // empty json_pointer returns the root JSON-object
+        auto ptr = ""_json_pointer;
+        CHECK(ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        // simple field access
+        ptr.push_back("pi");
+        CHECK(!ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["pi"]);
+
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        CHECK(ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        // object and children access
+        const std::string answer("answer");
+        ptr.push_back(answer);
+        ptr.push_back("everything");
+        CHECK(!ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["answer"]["everything"]);
+
+        // check access via const pointer
+        const auto cptr = ptr;
+        CHECK(cptr.back() == "everything");
+
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        CHECK(ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        // push key which has to be encoded
+        ptr.push_back("object");
+        ptr.push_back("/");
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["object"]["/"]);
+        CHECK(ptr.to_string() == "/object/~1");
+
+        CHECK(j[ptr.parent_pointer()] == j["object"]);
+        ptr = ptr.parent_pointer().parent_pointer();
+        CHECK(ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+        // parent-pointer of the empty json_pointer is empty
+        ptr = ptr.parent_pointer();
+        CHECK(ptr.empty());
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ptr.pop_back(),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("operators")
+    {
+        const json j =
+        {
+            {"", "Hello"},
+            {"pi", 3.141},
+            {"happy", true},
+            {"name", "Niels"},
+            {"nothing", nullptr},
+            {
+                "answer", {
+                    {"everything", 42}
+                }
+            },
+            {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+            {
+                "object", {
+                    {"currency", "USD"},
+                    {"value", 42.99},
+                    {"", "empty string"},
+                    {"/", "slash"},
+                    {"~", "tilde"},
+                    {"~1", "tilde1"}
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // empty json_pointer returns the root JSON-object
+        auto ptr = ""_json_pointer;
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        // simple field access
+        ptr = ptr / "pi";
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["pi"]);
+
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        // object and children access
+        const std::string answer("answer");
+        ptr /= answer;
+        ptr = ptr / "everything";
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["answer"]["everything"]);
+
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        ptr.pop_back();
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j);
+
+        CHECK(ptr / ""_json_pointer == ptr);
+        CHECK(j["/answer"_json_pointer / "/everything"_json_pointer] == j["answer"]["everything"]);
+
+        // list children access
+        CHECK(j["/list"_json_pointer / 1] == j["list"][1]);
+
+        // push key which has to be encoded
+        ptr /= "object";
+        ptr = ptr / "/";
+        CHECK(j[ptr] == j["object"]["/"]);
+        CHECK(ptr.to_string() == "/object/~1");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-large_json.cpp b/test/src/unit-large_json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f818d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-large_json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+TEST_CASE("tests on very large JSONs")
+{
+    SECTION("issue #1419 - Segmentation fault (stack overflow) due to unbounded recursion")
+    {
+        const auto depth = 5000000;
+
+        std::string s(2 * depth, '[');
+        std::fill(s.begin() + depth, s.end(), ']');
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = nlohmann::json::parse(s));
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/test/src/unit-merge_patch.cpp b/test/src/unit-merge_patch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b3d2e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-merge_patch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("JSON Merge Patch")
+{
+    SECTION("examples from RFC 7396")
+    {
+        SECTION("Section 1")
+        {
+            json document = R"({
+                "a": "b",
+                "c": {
+                    "d": "e",
+                    "f": "g"
+                }
+            })"_json;
+
+            json patch = R"({
+                "a": "z",
+                "c": {
+                    "f": null
+                }
+            })"_json;
+
+            json expected = R"({
+                "a": "z",
+                "c": {
+                    "d": "e"
+                }
+            })"_json;
+
+            document.merge_patch(patch);
+            CHECK(document == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Section 3")
+        {
+            json document = R"({
+                "title": "Goodbye!",
+                "author": {
+                    "givenName": "John",
+                    "familyName": "Doe"
+                },
+                "tags": [
+                    "example",
+                    "sample"
+                ],
+                "content": "This will be unchanged"
+            })"_json;
+
+            json patch = R"({
+                "title": "Hello!",
+                "phoneNumber": "+01-123-456-7890",
+                "author": {
+                    "familyName": null
+                },
+                "tags": [
+                    "example"
+                ]
+            })"_json;
+
+            json expected = R"({
+                "title": "Hello!",
+                "author": {
+                    "givenName": "John"
+                },
+                "tags": [
+                    "example"
+                ],
+                "content": "This will be unchanged",
+                "phoneNumber": "+01-123-456-7890"
+            })"_json;
+
+            document.merge_patch(patch);
+            CHECK(document == expected);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Appendix A")
+        {
+            SECTION("Example 1")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"b"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":"c"})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":"c"})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 2")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"b"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"b":"c"})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":"b", "b":"c"})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 3")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"b"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":null})"_json;
+                json result = R"({})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 4")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"b","b":"c"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":null})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"b":"c"})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 5")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":["b"]})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":"c"})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":"c"})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 6")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"c"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":["b"]})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":["b"]})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 7")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":{"b": "c"}})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":{"b":"d","c":null}})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a": {"b": "d"}})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 8")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":[{"b":"c"}]})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":[1]})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":[1]})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 9")
+            {
+                json original = R"(["a","b"])"_json;
+                json patch = R"(["c","d"])"_json;
+                json result = R"(["c","d"])"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 10")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"b"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"(["c"])"_json;
+                json result = R"(["c"])"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 11")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"foo"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"(null)"_json;
+                json result = R"(null)"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 12")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"a":"foo"})"_json;
+                json patch = R"("bar")"_json;
+                json result = R"("bar")"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 13")
+            {
+                json original = R"({"e":null})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":1})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"e":null,"a":1})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 14")
+            {
+                json original = R"([1,2])"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":"b","c":null})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":"b"})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Example 15")
+            {
+                json original = R"({})"_json;
+                json patch = R"({"a":{"bb":{"ccc":null}}})"_json;
+                json result = R"({"a":{"bb":{}}})"_json;
+
+                original.merge_patch(patch);
+                CHECK(original == result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-meta.cpp b/test/src/unit-meta.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0703bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-meta.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("version information")
+{
+    SECTION("meta()")
+    {
+        json j = json::meta();
+
+        CHECK(j["name"] == "JSON for Modern C++");
+        CHECK(j["copyright"] == "(C) 2013-2021 Niels Lohmann");
+        CHECK(j["url"] == "https://github.com/nlohmann/json");
+        CHECK(j["version"] == json(
+        {
+            {"string", "3.10.0"},
+            {"major", 3},
+            {"minor", 10},
+            {"patch", 0}
+        }));
+
+        CHECK(j.find("platform") != j.end());
+        CHECK(j.at("compiler").find("family") != j.at("compiler").end());
+        CHECK(j.at("compiler").find("version") != j.at("compiler").end());
+        CHECK(j.at("compiler").find("c++") != j.at("compiler").end());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp b/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..773d741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-modifiers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1008 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("modifiers")
+{
+    SECTION("clear()")
+    {
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            json j = true;
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::boolean));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            json j = "hello world";
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::string));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty array")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::array));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::array));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty object")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::object));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::object));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty binary")
+            {
+                json j = json::binary({});
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(!j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::binary));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("filled binary")
+            {
+                json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4, 5});
+                json k = j;
+
+                j.clear();
+                CHECK(!j.empty());
+                CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::binary));
+                CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (integer)")
+        {
+            json j = 23;
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::number_integer));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
+        {
+            json j = 23u;
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::number_integer));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number (float)")
+        {
+            json j = 23.42;
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::number_float));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            json k = j;
+
+            j.clear();
+            CHECK(j == json(json::value_t::null));
+            CHECK(j == json(k.type()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("push_back()")
+    {
+        SECTION("to array")
+        {
+            SECTION("json&&")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    j.push_back(1);
+                    j.push_back(2);
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                    j.push_back("Hello");
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("other type")
+                {
+                    json j = 1;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back("Hello"), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back("Hello"), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json&")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    json k(1);
+                    j.push_back(k);
+                    j.push_back(k);
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 1}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                    json k("Hello");
+                    j.push_back(k);
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("other type")
+                {
+                    json j = 1;
+                    json k("Hello");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back(k), json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back(k), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("to object")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j;
+                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}));
+                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2}));
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
+                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}));
+                j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2}));
+                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
+                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("other type")
+            {
+                json j = 1;
+                json k("Hello");
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1})), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back(json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1})),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with initializer_list")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j;
+                j.push_back({"foo", "bar"});
+                CHECK(j == json::array({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+
+                json k;
+                k.push_back({1, 2, 3});
+                CHECK(k == json::array({{1, 2, 3}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                j.push_back({"foo", "bar"});
+                CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, {"foo", "bar"}}));
+
+                json k = {1, 2, 3};
+                k.push_back({1, 2, 3});
+                CHECK(k == json({1, 2, 3, {1, 2, 3}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"key1", 1}};
+                j.push_back({"key2", "bar"});
+                CHECK(j == json({{"key1", 1}, {"key2", "bar"}}));
+
+                // invalid values (no string/val pair)
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back({1}), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back({1}), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object");
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back({1, 2}), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back({1, 2}), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object");
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.push_back({1, 2, 3, 4}), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.push_back({1, 2, 3, 4}), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("emplace_back()")
+    {
+        SECTION("to array")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j;
+                auto& x1 = j.emplace_back(1);
+                CHECK(x1 == 1);
+                auto& x2 = j.emplace_back(2);
+                CHECK(x2 == 2);
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                auto& x = j.emplace_back("Hello");
+                CHECK(x == "Hello");
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("multiple values")
+            {
+                json j;
+                auto& x = j.emplace_back(3, "foo");
+                CHECK(x == json({"foo", "foo", "foo"}));
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                CHECK(j == json({{"foo", "foo", "foo"}}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("other type")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.emplace_back("Hello"), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.emplace_back("Hello"),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace_back() with number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("emplace()")
+    {
+        SECTION("to object")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                // start with a null value
+                json j;
+
+                // add a new key
+                auto res1 = j.emplace("foo", "bar");
+                CHECK(res1.second == true);
+                CHECK(*res1.first == "bar");
+
+                // the null value is changed to an object
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+
+                // add a new key
+                auto res2 = j.emplace("baz", "bam");
+                CHECK(res2.second == true);
+                CHECK(*res2.first == "bam");
+
+                // we try to insert at given key - no change
+                auto res3 = j.emplace("baz", "bad");
+                CHECK(res3.second == false);
+                CHECK(*res3.first == "bam");
+
+                // the final object
+                CHECK(j == json({{"baz", "bam"}, {"foo", "bar"}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                // start with an object
+                json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
+
+                // add a new key
+                auto res1 = j.emplace("baz", "bam");
+                CHECK(res1.second == true);
+                CHECK(*res1.first == "bam");
+
+                // add an existing key
+                auto res2 = j.emplace("foo", "bad");
+                CHECK(res2.second == false);
+                CHECK(*res2.first == "bar");
+
+                // check final object
+                CHECK(j == json({{"baz", "bam"}, {"foo", "bar"}}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("other type")
+        {
+            json j = 1;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.emplace("foo", "bar"), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.emplace("foo", "bar"),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace() with number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("operator+=")
+    {
+        SECTION("to array")
+        {
+            SECTION("json&&")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    j += 1;
+                    j += 2;
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                    j += "Hello";
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("other type")
+                {
+                    json j = 1;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += "Hello", json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j += "Hello", "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("const json&")
+            {
+                SECTION("null")
+                {
+                    json j;
+                    json k(1);
+                    j += k;
+                    j += k;
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 1}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("array")
+                {
+                    json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                    json k("Hello");
+                    j += k;
+                    CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::array);
+                    CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, "Hello"}));
+                }
+
+                SECTION("other type")
+                {
+                    json j = 1;
+                    json k("Hello");
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += k, json::type_error&);
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j += k, "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("to object")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j;
+                j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1});
+                j += json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2});
+                CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
+                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
+                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j(json::value_t::object);
+                j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1});
+                j += json::object_t::value_type({"two", 2});
+                CHECK(j.size() == 2);
+                CHECK(j["one"] == json(1));
+                CHECK(j["two"] == json(2));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("other type")
+            {
+                json j = 1;
+                json k("Hello");
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j += json::object_t::value_type({"one", 1}),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with number");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with initializer_list")
+        {
+            SECTION("null")
+            {
+                json j;
+                j += {"foo", "bar"};
+                CHECK(j == json::array({{"foo", "bar"}}));
+
+                json k;
+                k += {1, 2, 3};
+                CHECK(k == json::array({{1, 2, 3}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                j += {"foo", "bar"};
+                CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, {"foo", "bar"}}));
+
+                json k = {1, 2, 3};
+                k += {1, 2, 3};
+                CHECK(k == json({1, 2, 3, {1, 2, 3}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                json j = {{"key1", 1}};
+                j += {"key2", "bar"};
+                CHECK(j == json({{"key1", 1}, {"key2", "bar"}}));
+
+                json k = {{"key1", 1}};
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((k += {1, 2, 3, 4}), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH((k += {1, 2, 3, 4}), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("insert()")
+    {
+        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+        json j_value = 5;
+
+        SECTION("value at position")
+        {
+            SECTION("insert before begin()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin(), j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.begin() == it);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({5, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert in the middle")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin() + 2, j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 2);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 5, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert before end()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((j_array.end() - it) == 1);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("rvalue at position")
+        {
+            SECTION("insert before begin()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin(), 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.begin() == it);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({5, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert in the middle")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin() + 2, 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 2);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 5, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert before end()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((j_array.end() - it) == 1);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copies at position")
+        {
+            SECTION("insert before begin()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin(), 3, 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK(j_array.begin() == it);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({5, 5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert in the middle")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin() + 2, 3, 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 2);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert before end()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), 3, 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == j_value);
+                CHECK((j_array.end() - it) == 3);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert nothing (count = 0)")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), 0, 5);
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 4);
+                // the returned iterator points to the first inserted element;
+                // there were 4 elements, so it should point to the 5th
+                CHECK(it == j_array.begin() + 4);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("range for array")
+        {
+            json j_other_array = {"first", "second"};
+
+            SECTION("proper usage")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_other_array.begin(), j_other_array.end());
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 6);
+                CHECK(*it == *j_other_array.begin());
+                CHECK((j_array.end() - it) == 2);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4, "first", "second"}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("empty range")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_other_array.begin(), j_other_array.begin());
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 4);
+                CHECK(it == j_array.end());
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid iterators")
+            {
+                json j_other_array2 = {"first", "second"};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_array.begin(), j_array.end()),
+                                json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_other_array.begin(), j_other_array2.end()),
+                                json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_array.begin(), j_array.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.211] passed iterators may not belong to container");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_array.end(), j_other_array.begin(), j_other_array2.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.210] iterators do not fit");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("range for object")
+        {
+            json j_object1 = {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}};
+            json j_object2 = {{"eleven", "elf"}, {"seventeen", "siebzehn"}};
+
+            SECTION("proper usage")
+            {
+                j_object1.insert(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end());
+                CHECK(j_object1.size() == 4);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("empty range")
+            {
+                j_object1.insert(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.begin());
+                CHECK(j_object1.size() == 2);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid iterators")
+            {
+                json j_other_array2 = {"first", "second"};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_object1.insert(j_object1.begin(), j_object2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_object1.insert(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with array");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_object1.insert(j_object1.begin(), j_object2.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.210] iterators do not fit");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_object1.insert(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterators first and last must point to objects");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("initializer list at position")
+        {
+            SECTION("insert before begin()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin(), {7, 8, 9});
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == json(7));
+                CHECK(j_array.begin() == it);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert in the middle")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin() + 2, {7, 8, 9});
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == json(7));
+                CHECK((it - j_array.begin()) == 2);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("insert before end()")
+            {
+                auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.end(), {7, 8, 9});
+                CHECK(j_array.size() == 7);
+                CHECK(*it == json(7));
+                CHECK((j_array.end() - it) == 3);
+                CHECK(j_array == json({1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("invalid iterator")
+        {
+            // pass iterator to a different array
+            json j_another_array = {1, 2};
+            json j_yet_another_array = {"first", "second"};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), 10), json::invalid_iterator&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), j_value), json::invalid_iterator&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), 10, 11), json::invalid_iterator&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), j_yet_another_array.begin(), j_yet_another_array.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), {1, 2, 3, 4}), json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), 10),
+                              "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), j_value),
+                              "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), 10, 11),
+                              "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), j_yet_another_array.begin(), j_yet_another_array.end()),
+                              "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.insert(j_another_array.end(), {1, 2, 3, 4}),
+                              "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("non-array type")
+        {
+            // call insert on a non-array type
+            json j_nonarray = 3;
+            json j_yet_another_array = {"first", "second"};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), 10), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), j_value), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), 10, 11), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), j_yet_another_array.begin(),
+                                              j_yet_another_array.end()), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), {1, 2, 3, 4}), json::type_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), 10), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), j_value), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), 10, 11), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), j_yet_another_array.begin(),
+                                                j_yet_another_array.end()), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_nonarray.insert(j_nonarray.end(), {1, 2, 3, 4}),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("update()")
+    {
+        json j_object1 = {{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}};
+        json j_object2 = {{"three", "drei"}, {"two", "zwo"}};
+        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+        SECTION("const reference")
+        {
+            SECTION("proper usage")
+            {
+                j_object1.update(j_object2);
+                CHECK(j_object1 == json({{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwo"}, {"three", "drei"}}));
+
+                json j_null;
+                j_null.update(j_object2);
+                CHECK(j_null == j_object2);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("wrong types")
+            {
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.update(j_object1), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.update(j_object1), "[json.exception.type_error.312] cannot use update() with array");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_object1.update(j_array), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_object1.update(j_array), "[json.exception.type_error.312] cannot use update() with array");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("iterator range")
+        {
+            SECTION("proper usage")
+            {
+                j_object1.update(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end());
+                CHECK(j_object1 == json({{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwo"}, {"three", "drei"}}));
+
+                json j_null;
+                j_null.update(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end());
+                CHECK(j_null == j_object2);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("empty range")
+            {
+                j_object1.update(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.begin());
+                CHECK(j_object1 == json({{"one", "eins"}, {"two", "zwei"}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid iterators")
+            {
+                json j_other_array2 = {"first", "second"};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_array.update(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end()), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_object1.update(j_object1.begin(), j_object2.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j_object1.update(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()), json::invalid_iterator&);
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_array.update(j_object2.begin(), j_object2.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.type_error.312] cannot use update() with array");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_object1.update(j_object1.begin(), j_object2.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.210] iterators do not fit");
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j_object1.update(j_array.begin(), j_array.end()),
+                                  "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterators first and last must point to objects");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("swap()")
+    {
+        SECTION("json")
+        {
+            SECTION("member swap")
+            {
+                json j("hello world");
+                json k(42.23);
+
+                j.swap(k);
+
+                CHECK(j == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(k == json("hello world"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("nonmember swap")
+            {
+                json j("hello world");
+                json k(42.23);
+
+                using std::swap;
+                swap(j, k);
+
+                CHECK(j == json(42.23));
+                CHECK(k == json("hello world"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array_t")
+        {
+            SECTION("array_t type")
+            {
+                json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+                json::array_t a = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+
+                j.swap(a);
+
+                CHECK(j == json({"foo", "bar", "baz"}));
+
+                j.swap(a);
+
+                CHECK(j == json({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-array_t type")
+            {
+                json j = 17;
+                json::array_t a = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(a), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.swap(a), "[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object_t")
+        {
+            SECTION("object_t type")
+            {
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+                json::object_t o = {{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}};
+
+                j.swap(o);
+
+                CHECK(j == json({{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}}));
+
+                j.swap(o);
+
+                CHECK(j == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-object_t type")
+            {
+                json j = 17;
+                json::object_t o = {{"cow", "Kuh"}, {"chicken", "Huhn"}};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(o), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.swap(o), "[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string_t")
+        {
+            SECTION("string_t type")
+            {
+                json j = "Hello world";
+                json::string_t s = "Hallo Welt";
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json("Hallo Welt"));
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json("Hello world"));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-string_t type")
+            {
+                json j = 17;
+                json::string_t s = "Hallo Welt";
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.swap(s), json::type_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.swap(s), "[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary_t")
+        {
+            SECTION("binary_t type")
+            {
+                json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                json::binary_t s = {{5, 6, 7, 8}};
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json::binary({5, 6, 7, 8}));
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("binary_t::container_type type")
+            {
+                json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4});
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> s = {{5, 6, 7, 8}};
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json::binary({5, 6, 7, 8}));
+
+                j.swap(s);
+
+                CHECK(j == json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+            }
+
+            SECTION("non-binary_t type")
+            {
+                json j = 17;
+                json::binary_t s1 = {{1, 2, 3, 4}};
+                std::vector<std::uint8_t> s2 = {{5, 6, 7, 8}};
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j.swap(s1), "[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number", json::type_error);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j.swap(s2), "[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number", json::type_error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp b/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5049218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1883 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <set>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+#include "test_utils.hpp"
+
+namespace
+{
+class SaxCountdown
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SaxCountdown(const int count) : events_left(count)
+    {}
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const json::exception& /*unused*/) // NOLINT(readability-convert-member-functions-to-static)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int events_left = 0;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("MessagePack")
+{
+    SECTION("individual values")
+    {
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            // discarded values are not serialized
+            json j = json::value_t::discarded;
+            const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+            CHECK(result.empty());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xc0};
+            const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            SECTION("true")
+            {
+                json j = true;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xc3};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("false")
+            {
+                json j = false;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xc2};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("signed")
+            {
+                SECTION("-32..-1 (negative fixnum)")
+                {
+                    for (auto i = -32; i <= -1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(static_cast<int8_t>(result[0]) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("0..127 (positive fixnum)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 127; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("128..255 (int 8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 128; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcc);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcc);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..65535 (int 16)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 65535; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcd);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcd);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..4294967295 (int 32)")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u, 4294967295u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xce);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xce);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("4294967296..9223372036854775807 (int 64)")
+                {
+                    for (uint64_t i :
+                            {
+                                4294967296lu, 9223372036854775807lu
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcf);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcf);
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-128..-33 (int 8)")
+                {
+                    for (auto i = -128; i <= -33; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xd0);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xd0);
+                        CHECK(static_cast<int8_t>(result[1]) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-9263 (int 16)")
+                {
+                    json j = -9263;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0xd1, 0xdb, 0xd1};
+
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
+                    CHECK(restored == -9263);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-32768..-129 (int 16)")
+                {
+                    for (int16_t i = -32768; i <= int16_t(-129); ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xd1);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xd1);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>((result[1] << 8) + result[2]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-32769..-2147483648")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int32_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back(-32769);
+                    numbers.push_back(-65536);
+                    numbers.push_back(-77777);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1048576);
+                    numbers.push_back(-2147483648LL);
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xd2);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xd2);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(static_cast<std::int32_t>(restored) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-9223372036854775808..-2147483649 (int 64)")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int64_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back(INT64_MIN);
+                    numbers.push_back(-2147483649LL);
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xd3);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xd3);
+                        int64_t restored = (static_cast<int64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                           static_cast<int64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned")
+            {
+                SECTION("0..127 (positive fixnum)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 127; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 1);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("128..255 (uint 8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 128; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcc);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcc);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..65535 (uint 16)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 65535; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcd);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcd);
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..4294967295 (uint 32)")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u, 4294967295u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xce);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xce);
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("4294967296..18446744073709551615 (uint 64)")
+                {
+                    for (uint64_t i :
+                            {
+                                4294967296lu, 18446744073709551615lu
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(0xcf);
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 0xcf);
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("float")
+            {
+                SECTION("3.1415925")
+                {
+                    double v = 3.1415925;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xcb, 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x3f, 0xa6, 0xde, 0xfc
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == v);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("1.0")
+                {
+                    double v = 1.0;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xca, 0x3f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == v);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("128.128")
+                {
+                    double v = 128.1280059814453125;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        0xca, 0x43, 0x00, 0x20, 0xc5
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == v);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..31")
+            {
+                // explicitly enumerate the first byte for all 32 strings
+                const std::vector<uint8_t> first_bytes =
+                {
+                    0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8,
+                    0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, 0xb0, 0xb1,
+                    0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba,
+                    0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf
+                };
+
+                for (size_t N = 0; N < first_bytes.size(); ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(first_bytes[N]);
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // check first byte
+                    CHECK((first_bytes[N] & 0x1f) == N);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 1);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 32..255")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 32; N <= 255; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(0xd9);
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 2);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..65535")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 65535u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xda);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..4294967295")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xdb);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 5);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                json j = json::array();
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x90};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[null]")
+            {
+                json j = {nullptr};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x91, 0xc0};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[1,2,3,4,5]")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x95, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[[[[]]]]")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse("[[[[]]]]");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x91, 0x91, 0x91, 0x90};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array 16")
+            {
+                json j(16, nullptr);
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 3, 0xc0); // all null
+                expected[0] = 0xdc; // array 16
+                expected[1] = 0x00; // size (0x0010), byte 0
+                expected[2] = 0x10; // size (0x0010), byte 1
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array 32")
+            {
+                json j(65536, nullptr);
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 5, 0xc0); // all null
+                expected[0] = 0xdd; // array 32
+                expected[1] = 0x00; // size (0x00100000), byte 0
+                expected[2] = 0x01; // size (0x00100000), byte 1
+                expected[3] = 0x00; // size (0x00100000), byte 2
+                expected[4] = 0x00; // size (0x00100000), byte 3
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                //CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                CHECK(result.size() == expected.size());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); ++i)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(i)
+                    CHECK(result[i] == expected[i]);
+                }
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                json j = json::object();
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x80};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"\":null}")
+            {
+                json j = {{"", nullptr}};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {0x81, 0xa0, 0xc0};
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"a\": {\"b\": {\"c\": {}}}}")
+            {
+                json j = json::parse(R"({"a": {"b": {"c": {}}}})");
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                {
+                    0x81, 0xa1, 0x61, 0x81, 0xa1, 0x62, 0x81, 0xa1, 0x63, 0x80
+                };
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("map 16")
+            {
+                json j = R"({"00": null, "01": null, "02": null, "03": null,
+                             "04": null, "05": null, "06": null, "07": null,
+                             "08": null, "09": null, "10": null, "11": null,
+                             "12": null, "13": null, "14": null, "15": null})"_json;
+
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+
+                // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
+                // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
+                // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
+                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // roundtrip check.
+                CHECK(result.size() == 67); // 1 type, 2 size, 16*4 content
+                CHECK(result[0] == 0xde); // map 16
+                CHECK(result[1] == 0x00); // byte 0 of size (0x0010)
+                CHECK(result[2] == 0x10); // byte 1 of size (0x0010)
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("map 32")
+            {
+                json j;
+                for (auto i = 0; i < 65536; ++i)
+                {
+                    // format i to a fixed width of 5
+                    // each entry will need 7 bytes: 6 for fixstr, 1 for null
+                    std::stringstream ss;
+                    ss << std::setw(5) << std::setfill('0') << i;
+                    j.emplace(ss.str(), nullptr);
+                }
+
+                const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+
+                // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
+                // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
+                // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
+                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // roundtrip check.
+                CHECK(result.size() == 458757); // 1 type, 4 size, 65536*7 content
+                CHECK(result[0] == 0xdf); // map 32
+                CHECK(result[1] == 0x00); // byte 0 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[2] == 0x01); // byte 1 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[3] == 0x00); // byte 2 of size (0x00010000)
+                CHECK(result[4] == 0x00); // byte 3 of size (0x00010000)
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("extension")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..255")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 0; N <= 0xFF; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+                    std::uint8_t subtype = 42;
+                    j.get_binary().set_subtype(subtype);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    switch (N)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xD4));
+                            break;
+                        case 2:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xD5));
+                            break;
+                        case 4:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xD6));
+                            break;
+                        case 8:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xD7));
+                            break;
+                        case 16:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xD8));
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xC7));
+                            expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    expected.push_back(subtype);
+
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    switch (N)
+                    {
+                        case 1:
+                        case 2:
+                        case 4:
+                        case 8:
+                        case 16:
+                            CHECK(result.size() == N + 2);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..65535")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 65535u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+                    std::uint8_t subtype = 42;
+                    j.get_binary().set_subtype(subtype);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), subtype);
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xC8);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 4);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..4294967295")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+                    std::uint8_t subtype = 42;
+                    j.get_binary().set_subtype(subtype);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), subtype);
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xC9);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 6);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..255")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N = 0; N <= 0xFF; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0xC4));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 2);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..65535")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 65535u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xC5);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..4294967295")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 0xC6);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_msgpack(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 5);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("from float32")
+    {
+        auto given = std::vector<uint8_t>({0xca, 0x41, 0xc8, 0x00, 0x01});
+        json j = json::from_msgpack(given);
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == Approx(25.0000019073486));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty byte vector")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>()), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>()),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>(), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("too short byte vector")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x87})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcc})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa5, 0x68, 0x65})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x92, 0x01})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xa1, 0x61})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc4, 0x02})), json::parse_error&);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x87})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcc})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 6: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 7: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 9: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa5, 0x68, 0x65})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x92, 0x01})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xa1, 0x61})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc4, 0x02})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing MessagePack binary: unexpected end of input");
+
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x87}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcc}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcd, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xce, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xcf, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa5, 0x68, 0x65}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x92, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xA1, 0x61}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc4, 0x02}), true, false).is_discarded());
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc4}), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsupported bytes")
+        {
+            SECTION("concrete examples")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc1})), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xc1})),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: invalid byte: 0xC1");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("all unsupported bytes")
+            {
+                for (auto byte :
+                        {
+                            // never used
+                            0xc1
+                        })
+                {
+                    json _;
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(byte)})), json::parse_error&);
+                    CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({static_cast<uint8_t>(byte)}), true, false).is_discarded());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("invalid string in map")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xff, 0x01})), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xff, 0x01})),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack string: expected length specification (0xA0-0xBF, 0xD9-0xDB); last byte: 0xFF");
+            CHECK(json::from_msgpack(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x81, 0xff, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("strict mode")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {0xc0, 0xc0};
+            SECTION("non-strict mode")
+            {
+                const auto result = json::from_msgpack(vec, false);
+                CHECK(result == json());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("strict mode")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: expected end of input; last byte: 0xC0");
+                CHECK(json::from_msgpack(vec, true, false).is_discarded());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("SAX aborts")
+    {
+        SECTION("start_array(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x93, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::msgpack));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("start_object(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x81, 0xa3, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0xc2};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::msgpack));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("key()")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {0x81, 0xa3, 0x66, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0xc2};
+            SaxCountdown scp(1);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::msgpack));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// use this testcase outside [hide] to run it with Valgrind
+TEST_CASE("single MessagePack roundtrip")
+{
+    SECTION("sample.json")
+    {
+        std::string filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json";
+
+        // parse JSON file
+        std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+        json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+        // parse MessagePack file
+        auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".msgpack");
+        json j2;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_msgpack(packed));
+
+        // compare parsed JSON values
+        CHECK(j1 == j2);
+
+        SECTION("roundtrips")
+        {
+            SECTION("std::ostringstream")
+            {
+                std::basic_ostringstream<std::uint8_t> ss;
+                json::to_msgpack(j1, ss);
+                json j3 = json::from_msgpack(ss.str());
+                CHECK(j1 == j3);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("std::string")
+            {
+                std::string s;
+                json::to_msgpack(j1, s);
+                json j3 = json::from_msgpack(s);
+                CHECK(j1 == j3);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check with different start index
+        packed.insert(packed.begin(), 5, 0xff);
+        CHECK(j1 == json::from_msgpack(packed.begin() + 5, packed.end()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("MessagePack roundtrips" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("input from msgpack-python")
+    {
+        // most of these are excluded due to differences in key order (not a real problem)
+        std::set<std::string> exclude_packed;
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json"); // kills AppVeyor
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_basic.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_simple.json");
+        exclude_packed.insert(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_string_unicode.json");
+
+        for (std::string filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip01.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip02.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip03.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip04.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip05.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip06.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip07.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip08.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip09.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip10.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip11.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip12.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip13.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip14.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip15.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip17.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip18.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip19.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip20.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip21.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip22.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip23.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip24.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip25.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip26.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip27.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip28.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip29.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip30.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip31.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip32.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json", // kills AppVeyor
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_arraysWithSpaces.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty-string.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_ending_with_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_false.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_heterogeneous.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_1_and_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_several_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_trailing_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e+1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_after_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_close_to_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_huge_neg_exp.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_huge_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_int_with_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_minus_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_one.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_neg_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_pos_exp.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_exponent.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_fraction_exponent.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_exp.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_overflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_exponent.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_overflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_underflow.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_real.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_neg_int.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_pos_int.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_very_big_negative_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_basic.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key_and_value.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_escaped_null_in_key.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_extreme_numbers.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_simple.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_string_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_with_newlines.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_1_2_3_bytes_UTF-8_sequences.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_UTF-16_Surrogates_U+1D11E_MUSICAL_SYMBOL_G_CLEF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pair.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pairs.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_allowed_escapes.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_and_u_escaped_zero.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_doublequotes.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_comments.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_a.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_n.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_control_character.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_noncharacter.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_last_surrogates_1_and_2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_newline_uescaped.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+10FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+1FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+FFFF.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_null_escape.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_one-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_pi.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_simple_ascii.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_space.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_three-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_two-byte-utf-8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2028_line_sep.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2029_par_sep.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_uEscape.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unescaped_char_delete.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicodeEscapedBackslash.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+200B_ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+2064_invisible_plus.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_escaped_double_quote.json",
+                    // TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_with_del_character.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_false.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_int.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_negative_real.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_null.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_string.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_true.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_string_empty.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_trailing_newline.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_true_in_array.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_whitespace_array.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse MessagePack file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".msgpack");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_msgpack(packed));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::ifstream");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse MessagePack file
+                std::ifstream f_msgpack(filename + ".msgpack", std::ios::binary);
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_msgpack(f_msgpack));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": uint8_t* and size");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse MessagePack file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".msgpack");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_msgpack({packed.data(), packed.size()}));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output to output adapters");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse MessagePack file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".msgpack");
+
+                if (exclude_packed.count(filename) == 0u)
+                {
+                    {
+                        INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output adapters: std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> vec;
+                        json::to_msgpack(j1, vec);
+                        CHECK(vec == packed);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp b/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b6028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-noexcept.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// disable -Wnoexcept due to struct pod_bis
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace
+{
+enum test
+{
+};
+
+struct pod {};
+struct pod_bis {};
+
+void to_json(json& /*unused*/, pod /*unused*/) noexcept;
+void to_json(json& /*unused*/, pod_bis /*unused*/);
+void from_json(const json& /*unused*/, pod /*unused*/) noexcept;
+void from_json(const json& /*unused*/, pod_bis /*unused*/);
+void to_json(json& /*unused*/, pod /*unused*/) noexcept {}
+void to_json(json& /*unused*/, pod_bis /*unused*/) {}
+void from_json(const json& /*unused*/, pod /*unused*/) noexcept {}
+void from_json(const json& /*unused*/, pod_bis /*unused*/) {}
+
+json* j = nullptr;
+
+static_assert(noexcept(json{}), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, 2)), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, 2.5)), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, true)), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, test{})), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, pod{})), "");
+static_assert(!noexcept(nlohmann::to_json(*j, pod_bis{})), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(json(2)), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(json(test{})), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(json(pod{})), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(j->get<pod>()), "");
+static_assert(!noexcept(j->get<pod_bis>()), "");
+static_assert(noexcept(json(pod{})), "");
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("runtime checks")
+{
+    SECTION("nothrow-copy-constructible exceptions")
+    {
+        // for ERR60-CPP (https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/531):
+        // Exceptions should be nothrow-copy-constructible. However, compilers
+        // treat std::runtime_exception differently in this regard. Therefore,
+        // we can only demand nothrow-copy-constructibility for our exceptions
+        // if std::runtime_exception is.
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::exception>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::parse_error>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::invalid_iterator>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::type_error>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::out_of_range>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+        CHECK(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<json::other_error>::value == std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<std::runtime_error>::value);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("silence -Wunneeded-internal-declaration errors")
+    {
+        j = nullptr;
+        json j2;
+        to_json(j2, pod());
+        to_json(j2, pod_bis());
+        from_json(j2, pod());
+        from_json(j2, pod_bis());
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-ordered_json.cpp b/test/src/unit-ordered_json.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c41d782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-ordered_json.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+using nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+
+TEST_CASE("ordered_json")
+{
+    json j;
+    ordered_json oj;
+
+    j["element3"] = 3;
+    j["element1"] = 1;
+    j["element2"] = 2;
+
+    oj["element3"] = 3;
+    oj["element1"] = 1;
+    oj["element2"] = 2;
+
+    CHECK(j.dump() == "{\"element1\":1,\"element2\":2,\"element3\":3}");
+    CHECK(oj.dump() == "{\"element3\":3,\"element1\":1,\"element2\":2}");
+
+    CHECK(j == json(oj));
+    CHECK(ordered_json(json(oj)) == ordered_json(j));
+
+    j.erase("element1");
+    oj.erase("element1");
+
+    CHECK(j.dump() == "{\"element2\":2,\"element3\":3}");
+    CHECK(oj.dump() == "{\"element3\":3,\"element2\":2}");
+
+    // remove again and nothing changes
+    j.erase("element1");
+    oj.erase("element1");
+
+    CHECK(j.dump() == "{\"element2\":2,\"element3\":3}");
+    CHECK(oj.dump() == "{\"element3\":3,\"element2\":2}");
+
+    // There are no dup keys cause constructor calls emplace...
+    json multi {{"z", 1}, {"m", 2}, {"m", 3}, {"y", 4}, {"m", 5}};
+    CHECK(multi.size() == 3);
+    CHECK(multi.dump() == "{\"m\":2,\"y\":4,\"z\":1}");
+
+    ordered_json multi_ordered {{"z", 1}, {"m", 2}, {"m", 3}, {"y", 4}, {"m", 5}};
+    CHECK(multi_ordered.size() == 3);
+    CHECK(multi_ordered.dump() == "{\"z\":1,\"m\":2,\"y\":4}");
+    CHECK(multi_ordered.erase("m") == 1);
+    CHECK(multi_ordered.dump() == "{\"z\":1,\"y\":4}");
+
+    // Ranged insert test.
+    // It seems that values shouldn't be overwritten. Only new values are added
+    json j1 {{"c", 1}, {"b", 2}, {"a", 3}};
+    const json j2 {{"c", 77}, {"d", 42}, {"a", 4}};
+    j1.insert( j2.cbegin(), j2.cend() );
+    CHECK(j1.size() == 4);
+    CHECK(j1.dump() == "{\"a\":3,\"b\":2,\"c\":1,\"d\":42}");
+
+    ordered_json oj1 {{"c", 1}, {"b", 2}, {"a", 3}};
+    const ordered_json oj2 {{"c", 77}, {"d", 42}, {"a", 4}};
+    oj1.insert( oj2.cbegin(), oj2.cend() );
+    CHECK(oj1.size() == 4);
+    CHECK(oj1.dump() == "{\"c\":1,\"b\":2,\"a\":3,\"d\":42}");
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-ordered_map.cpp b/test/src/unit-ordered_map.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dd5f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-ordered_map.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::ordered_map;
+
+
+TEST_CASE("ordered_map")
+{
+    SECTION("constructor")
+    {
+        SECTION("constructor from iterator range")
+        {
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> m {{"eins", "one"}, {"zwei", "two"}, {"drei", "three"}};
+            ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om(m.begin(), m.end());
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("copy assignment")
+        {
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> m {{"eins", "one"}, {"zwei", "two"}, {"drei", "three"}};
+            ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om(m.begin(), m.end());
+            const auto com = om;
+            om.clear(); // silence a warning by forbidding having "const auto& com = om;"
+            CHECK(com.size() == 3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("at")
+    {
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m {{"eins", "one"}, {"zwei", "two"}, {"drei", "three"}};
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om(m.begin(), m.end());
+        const auto com = om;
+
+        SECTION("with Key&&")
+        {
+            CHECK(om.at(std::string("eins")) == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com.at(std::string("eins")) == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(om.at(std::string("vier")), std::out_of_range);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(com.at(std::string("vier")), std::out_of_range);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with const Key&&")
+        {
+            const std::string eins = "eins";
+            const std::string vier = "vier";
+            CHECK(om.at(eins) == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com.at(eins) == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(om.at(vier), std::out_of_range);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(com.at(vier), std::out_of_range);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with string literal")
+        {
+            CHECK(om.at("eins") == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com.at("eins") == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(om.at("vier"), std::out_of_range);
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(com.at("vier"), std::out_of_range);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("operator[]")
+    {
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m {{"eins", "one"}, {"zwei", "two"}, {"drei", "three"}};
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om(m.begin(), m.end());
+        const auto com = om;
+
+        SECTION("with Key&&")
+        {
+            CHECK(om[std::string("eins")] == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com[std::string("eins")] == std::string("one"));
+
+            CHECK(om[std::string("vier")] == std::string(""));
+            CHECK(om.size() == 4);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with const Key&&")
+        {
+            const std::string eins = "eins";
+            const std::string vier = "vier";
+
+            CHECK(om[eins] == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com[eins] == std::string("one"));
+
+            CHECK(om[vier] == std::string(""));
+            CHECK(om.size() == 4);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with string literal")
+        {
+            CHECK(om["eins"] == std::string("one"));
+            CHECK(com["eins"] == std::string("one"));
+
+            CHECK(om["vier"] == std::string(""));
+            CHECK(om.size() == 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("erase")
+    {
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om;
+        om["eins"] = "one";
+        om["zwei"] = "two";
+        om["drei"] = "three";
+
+        {
+            auto it = om.begin();
+            CHECK(it->first == "eins");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it->first == "zwei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it->first == "drei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it == om.end());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with Key&&")
+        {
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+            CHECK(om.erase(std::string("eins")) == 1);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+            CHECK(om.erase(std::string("vier")) == 0);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+
+            auto it = om.begin();
+            CHECK(it->first == "zwei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it->first == "drei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it == om.end());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with const Key&&")
+        {
+            const std::string eins = "eins";
+            const std::string vier = "vier";
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+            CHECK(om.erase(eins) == 1);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+            CHECK(om.erase(vier) == 0);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+
+            auto it = om.begin();
+            CHECK(it->first == "zwei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it->first == "drei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it == om.end());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with string literal")
+        {
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+            CHECK(om.erase("eins") == 1);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+            CHECK(om.erase("vier") == 0);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+
+            auto it = om.begin();
+            CHECK(it->first == "zwei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it->first == "drei");
+            ++it;
+            CHECK(it == om.end());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with iterator")
+        {
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+            CHECK(om.begin()->first == "eins");
+            CHECK(std::next(om.begin(), 1)->first == "zwei");
+            CHECK(std::next(om.begin(), 2)->first == "drei");
+
+            auto it = om.erase(om.begin());
+            CHECK(it->first == "zwei");
+            CHECK(om.size() == 2);
+
+            auto it2 = om.begin();
+            CHECK(it2->first == "zwei");
+            ++it2;
+            CHECK(it2->first == "drei");
+            ++it2;
+            CHECK(it2 == om.end());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("count")
+    {
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om;
+        om["eins"] = "one";
+        om["zwei"] = "two";
+        om["drei"] = "three";
+
+        const std::string eins("eins");
+        const std::string vier("vier");
+        CHECK(om.count("eins") == 1);
+        CHECK(om.count(std::string("eins")) == 1);
+        CHECK(om.count(eins) == 1);
+        CHECK(om.count("vier") == 0);
+        CHECK(om.count(std::string("vier")) == 0);
+        CHECK(om.count(vier) == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("find")
+    {
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om;
+        om["eins"] = "one";
+        om["zwei"] = "two";
+        om["drei"] = "three";
+        const auto com = om;
+
+        const std::string eins("eins");
+        const std::string vier("vier");
+        CHECK(om.find("eins") == om.begin());
+        CHECK(om.find(std::string("eins")) == om.begin());
+        CHECK(om.find(eins) == om.begin());
+        CHECK(om.find("vier") == om.end());
+        CHECK(om.find(std::string("vier")) == om.end());
+        CHECK(om.find(vier) == om.end());
+
+        CHECK(com.find("eins") == com.begin());
+        CHECK(com.find(std::string("eins")) == com.begin());
+        CHECK(com.find(eins) == com.begin());
+        CHECK(com.find("vier") == com.end());
+        CHECK(com.find(std::string("vier")) == com.end());
+        CHECK(com.find(vier) == com.end());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("insert")
+    {
+        ordered_map<std::string, std::string> om;
+        om["eins"] = "one";
+        om["zwei"] = "two";
+        om["drei"] = "three";
+
+        SECTION("const value_type&")
+        {
+            ordered_map<std::string, std::string>::value_type vt1 {"eins", "1"};
+            ordered_map<std::string, std::string>::value_type vt4 {"vier", "four"};
+
+            auto res1 = om.insert(vt1);
+            CHECK(res1.first == om.begin());
+            CHECK(res1.second == false);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+
+            auto res4 = om.insert(vt4);
+            CHECK(res4.first == om.begin() + 3);
+            CHECK(res4.second == true);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 4);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("value_type&&")
+        {
+            auto res1 = om.insert({"eins", "1"});
+            CHECK(res1.first == om.begin());
+            CHECK(res1.second == false);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 3);
+
+            auto res4 = om.insert({"vier", "four"});
+            CHECK(res4.first == om.begin() + 3);
+            CHECK(res4.second == true);
+            CHECK(om.size() == 4);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp b/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..261994e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-pointer_access.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("pointer access")
+{
+    SECTION("pointer access to object_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::object_t;
+        json value = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const object_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::object_t;
+        const json value = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to array_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::array_t;
+        json value = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const array_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::array_t;
+        const json value = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to string_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::string_t;
+        json value = "hello";
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const string_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::string_t;
+        const json value = "hello";
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to boolean_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::boolean_t;
+        json value = false;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const boolean_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::boolean_t;
+        const json value = false;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        //CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to number_integer_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_integer_t;
+        json value = 23;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const number_integer_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::number_integer_t;
+        const json value = 23;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to number_unsigned_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_unsigned_t;
+        json value = 23u;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const number_unsigned_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::number_unsigned_t;
+        const json value = 23u;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to number_float_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_float_t;
+        json value = 42.23;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::number_float_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const number_float_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::number_float_t;
+        const json value = 42.23;
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == Approx(value.get<test_type>()));
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() != nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const binary_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::binary_t;
+        const json value = json::binary({1, 2, 3});
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pointer access to const binary_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = const json::binary_t;
+        const json value = json::binary({});
+
+        // check if pointers are returned correctly
+        test_type* p1 = value.get_ptr<test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* p2 = value.get_ptr<const test_type*>();
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(*p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const test_type* const p3 = value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>();
+        CHECK(p3 == value.get_ptr<const test_type* const>());
+        CHECK(*p3 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if null pointers are returned correctly
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::object_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::array_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::string_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::boolean_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_integer_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_unsigned_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::number_float_t*>() == nullptr);
+        CHECK(value.get_ptr<const json::binary_t*>() != nullptr);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-readme.cpp b/test/src/unit-readme.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9e185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-readme.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <list>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+// local variable is initialized but not referenced
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4189)
+
+TEST_CASE("README" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    {
+        // redirect std::cout for the README file
+        auto* old_cout_buffer = std::cout.rdbuf();
+        std::ostringstream new_stream;
+        std::cout.rdbuf(new_stream.rdbuf());
+        {
+            // create an empty structure (null)
+            json j;
+
+            // add a number that is stored as double (note the implicit conversion of j to an object)
+            j["pi"] = 3.141;
+
+            // add a Boolean that is stored as bool
+            j["happy"] = true;
+
+            // add a string that is stored as std::string
+            j["name"] = "Niels";
+
+            // add another null object by passing nullptr
+            j["nothing"] = nullptr;
+
+            // add an object inside the object
+            j["answer"]["everything"] = 42;
+
+            // add an array that is stored as std::vector (using an initializer list)
+            j["list"] = { 1, 0, 2 };
+
+            // add another object (using an initializer list of pairs)
+            j["object"] = { {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} };
+
+            // instead, you could also write (which looks very similar to the JSON above)
+            json j2 =
+            {
+                {"pi", 3.141},
+                {"happy", true},
+                {"name", "Niels"},
+                {"nothing", nullptr},
+                {
+                    "answer", {
+                        {"everything", 42}
+                    }
+                },
+                {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
+                {
+                    "object", {
+                        {"currency", "USD"},
+                        {"value", 42.99}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        {
+            // ways to express the empty array []
+            json empty_array_implicit = {{}};
+            CHECK(empty_array_implicit.is_array());
+            json empty_array_explicit = json::array();
+            CHECK(empty_array_explicit.is_array());
+
+            // a way to express the empty object {}
+            json empty_object_explicit = json::object();
+            CHECK(empty_object_explicit.is_object());
+
+            // a way to express an _array_ of key/value pairs [["currency", "USD"], ["value", 42.99]]
+            json array_not_object = json::array({ {"currency", "USD"}, {"value", 42.99} });
+            CHECK(array_not_object.is_array());
+            CHECK(array_not_object.size() == 2);
+            CHECK(array_not_object[0].is_array());
+            CHECK(array_not_object[1].is_array());
+        }
+
+        {
+            // create object from string literal
+            json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"_json; // NOLINT(modernize-raw-string-literal)
+
+            // or even nicer with a raw string literal
+            auto j2 = R"(
+          {
+            "happy": true,
+            "pi": 3.141
+          }
+        )"_json;
+
+            // or explicitly
+            auto j3 = json::parse(R"({"happy": true, "pi": 3.141})");
+
+            // explicit conversion to string
+            std::string s = j.dump();    // {\"happy\":true,\"pi\":3.141}
+
+            // serialization with pretty printing
+            // pass in the amount of spaces to indent
+            std::cout << j.dump(4) << std::endl;
+            // {
+            //     "happy": true,
+            //     "pi": 3.141
+            // }
+
+            std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        {
+            // create an array using push_back
+            json j;
+            j.push_back("foo");
+            j.push_back(1);
+            j.push_back(true);
+
+            // comparison
+            bool x = (j == R"(["foo", 1, true])"_json);  // true
+            CHECK(x == true);
+
+            // iterate the array
+            for (json::iterator it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it) // NOLINT(modernize-loop-convert)
+            {
+                std::cout << *it << '\n';
+            }
+
+            // range-based for
+            for (auto& element : j)
+            {
+                std::cout << element << '\n';
+            }
+
+            // getter/setter
+            const auto tmp = j[0].get<std::string>();
+            j[1] = 42;
+            bool foo{j.at(2)};
+            CHECK(foo == true);
+
+            // other stuff
+            j.size();     // 3 entries
+            j.empty();    // false
+            j.type();     // json::value_t::array
+            j.clear();    // the array is empty again
+
+            // create an object
+            json o;
+            o["foo"] = 23;
+            o["bar"] = false;
+            o["baz"] = 3.141;
+
+            // find an entry
+            if (o.find("foo") != o.end())
+            {
+                // there is an entry with key "foo"
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::vector<int> c_vector {1, 2, 3, 4};
+            json j_vec(c_vector);
+            // [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+            std::deque<float> c_deque {1.2f, 2.3f, 3.4f, 5.6f};
+            json j_deque(c_deque);
+            // [1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 5.6]
+
+            std::list<bool> c_list {true, true, false, true};
+            json j_list(c_list);
+            // [true, true, false, true]
+
+            std::forward_list<int64_t> c_flist {12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543};
+            json j_flist(c_flist);
+            // [12345678909876, 23456789098765, 34567890987654, 45678909876543]
+
+            std::array<unsigned long, 4> c_array {{1, 2, 3, 4}};
+            json j_array(c_array);
+            // [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+            std::set<std::string> c_set {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+            json j_set(c_set); // only one entry for "one" is used
+            // ["four", "one", "three", "two"]
+
+            std::unordered_set<std::string> c_uset {"one", "two", "three", "four", "one"};
+            json j_uset(c_uset); // only one entry for "one" is used
+            // maybe ["two", "three", "four", "one"]
+
+            std::multiset<std::string> c_mset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+            json j_mset(c_mset); // both entries for "one" are used
+            // maybe ["one", "two", "one", "four"]
+
+            std::unordered_multiset<std::string> c_umset {"one", "two", "one", "four"};
+            json j_umset(c_umset); // both entries for "one" are used
+            // maybe ["one", "two", "one", "four"]
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::map<std::string, int> c_map { {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3} };
+            json j_map(c_map);
+            // {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+
+            std::unordered_map<const char*, float> c_umap { {"one", 1.2f}, {"two", 2.3f}, {"three", 3.4f} };
+            json j_umap(c_umap);
+            // {"one": 1.2, "two": 2.3, "three": 3.4}
+
+            std::multimap<std::string, bool> c_mmap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
+            json j_mmap(c_mmap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+            // maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}
+
+            std::unordered_multimap<std::string, bool> c_ummap { {"one", true}, {"two", true}, {"three", false}, {"three", true} };
+            json j_ummap(c_ummap); // only one entry for key "three" is used
+            // maybe {"one": true, "two": true, "three": true}
+        }
+
+        {
+            // strings
+            std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
+            json js = s1;
+            auto s2 = js.get<std::string>();
+
+            // Booleans
+            bool b1 = true;
+            json jb = b1;
+            bool b2{jb};
+            CHECK(b2 == true);
+
+            // numbers
+            int i = 42;
+            json jn = i;
+            double f{jn};
+            CHECK(f == 42);
+
+            // etc.
+
+            std::string vs = js.get<std::string>();
+            bool vb = jb.get<bool>();
+            CHECK(vb == true);
+            int vi = jn.get<int>();
+            CHECK(vi == 42);
+
+            // etc.
+        }
+
+        {
+            // a JSON value
+            json j_original = R"({
+          "baz": ["one", "two", "three"],
+          "foo": "bar"
+        })"_json;
+
+            // access members with a JSON pointer (RFC 6901)
+            j_original["/baz/1"_json_pointer];
+            // "two"
+
+            // a JSON patch (RFC 6902)
+            json j_patch = R"([
+          { "op": "replace", "path": "/baz", "value": "boo" },
+          { "op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"] },
+          { "op": "remove", "path": "/foo"}
+        ])"_json;
+
+            // apply the patch
+            json j_result = j_original.patch(j_patch);
+            // {
+            //    "baz": "boo",
+            //    "hello": ["world"]
+            // }
+
+            // calculate a JSON patch from two JSON values
+            auto res = json::diff(j_result, j_original);
+            // [
+            //   { "op":" replace", "path": "/baz", "value": ["one", "two", "three"] },
+            //   { "op":"remove","path":"/hello" },
+            //   { "op":"add","path":"/foo","value":"bar" }
+            // ]
+        }
+
+        // restore old std::cout
+        std::cout.rdbuf(old_cout_buffer);
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp b/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0225ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-reference_access.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+TEST_CASE("reference access")
+{
+    // create a JSON value with different types
+    json json_types =
+    {
+        {"boolean", true},
+        {
+            "number", {
+                {"integer", 42},
+                {"floating-point", 17.23}
+            }
+        },
+        {"string", "Hello, world!"},
+        {"array", {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}},
+        {"null", nullptr}
+    };
+
+    SECTION("reference access to object_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::object_t;
+        json value = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("const reference access to const object_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::object_t;
+        const json value = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}};
+
+        // this should not compile
+        // test_type& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to array_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::array_t;
+        json value = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is array");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to string_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::string_t;
+        json value = "hello";
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is string");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to boolean_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::boolean_t;
+        json value = false;
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is boolean");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to number_integer_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_integer_t;
+        json value = -23;
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to number_unsigned_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_unsigned_t;
+        json value = 23u;
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        //CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        //CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+        //    "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>());
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("reference access to number_float_t")
+    {
+        using test_type = json::number_float_t;
+        json value = 42.23;
+
+        // check if references are returned correctly
+        auto& p1 = value.get_ref<test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p1 == value.get_ptr<test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p1 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        const auto& p2 = value.get_ref<const test_type&>();
+        CHECK(&p2 == value.get_ptr<const test_type*>());
+        CHECK(p2 == value.get<test_type>());
+
+        // check if mismatching references throw correctly
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::object_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::array_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::string_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::boolean_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(value.get_ref<json::number_unsigned_t&>(),
+                          "[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number");
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-regression1.cpp b/test/src/unit-regression1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c6b1e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-regression1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1610 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <list>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #include <variant>
+#endif
+
+#include "fifo_map.hpp"
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #972
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template<class K, class V, class dummy_compare, class A>
+using my_workaround_fifo_map = nlohmann::fifo_map<K, V, nlohmann::fifo_map_compare<K>, A>;
+using my_json = nlohmann::basic_json<my_workaround_fifo_map>;
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #977
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace ns
+{
+struct foo
+{
+    int x;
+};
+
+template <typename, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct foo_serializer;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct foo_serializer<T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<foo, T>::value>::type>
+{
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& value)
+    {
+        j = BasicJsonType{{"x", value.x}};
+    }
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value)     // !!!
+    {
+        nlohmann::from_json(j.at("x"), value.x);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct foo_serializer < T, typename std::enable_if < !std::is_same<foo, T>::value >::type >
+{
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& value) noexcept // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape)
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::to_json(j, value);
+    }
+    template <typename BasicJsonType>
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value)   //!!!
+    {
+        ::nlohmann::from_json(j, value);
+    }
+};
+} // namespace ns
+
+using foo_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t,
+      std::uint64_t, double, std::allocator, ns::foo_serializer, std::vector<std::uint8_t>>;
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #805
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace
+{
+struct nocopy // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-special-member-functions)
+{
+    nocopy() = default;
+    nocopy(const nocopy&) = delete;
+    nocopy(nocopy&&) = delete;
+    nocopy& operator=(const nocopy&) = delete;
+    nocopy& operator=(nocopy&&) = delete;
+
+    int val = 0;
+
+    friend void to_json(json& j, const nocopy& n)
+    {
+        j = {{"val", n.val}};
+    }
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("regression tests 1")
+{
+    SECTION("issue #60 - Double quotation mark is not parsed correctly")
+    {
+        SECTION("escape_doublequote")
+        {
+            const auto* s = R"(["\"foo\""])";
+            json j = json::parse(s);
+            auto expected = R"(["\"foo\""])"_json;
+            CHECK(j == expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #70 - Handle infinity and NaN cases")
+    {
+        // previously, NAN/INFINITY created a null value; now, the values are
+        // properly stored, but are dumped as "null"
+        SECTION("NAN value")
+        {
+            CHECK(json(NAN).dump() == "null");
+            CHECK(json(json::number_float_t(NAN)).dump() == "null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("infinity")
+        {
+            CHECK(json(INFINITY).dump() == "null");
+            CHECK(json(json::number_float_t(INFINITY)).dump() == "null");
+        }
+
+        // With 3.0.0, the semantics of this changed: NAN and infinity are
+        // stored properly inside the JSON value (no exception or conversion
+        // to null), but are serialized as null.
+        SECTION("NAN value")
+        {
+            json j1 = NAN;
+            CHECK(j1.is_number_float());
+            json::number_float_t f1{j1};
+            CHECK(std::isnan(f1));
+
+            json j2 = json::number_float_t(NAN);
+            CHECK(j2.is_number_float());
+            json::number_float_t f2{j2};
+            CHECK(std::isnan(f2));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("infinity")
+        {
+            json j1 = INFINITY;
+            CHECK(j1.is_number_float());
+            json::number_float_t f1{j1};
+            CHECK(!std::isfinite(f1));
+
+            json j2 = json::number_float_t(INFINITY);
+            CHECK(j2.is_number_float());
+            json::number_float_t f2{j2};
+            CHECK(!std::isfinite(f2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pull request #71 - handle enum type")
+    {
+        enum { t = 0, u = 102};
+        json j = json::array();
+        j.push_back(t);
+
+        // maybe this is not the place to test this?
+        json j2 = u;
+
+        auto anon_enum_value = j2.get<decltype(u)>();
+        CHECK(u == anon_enum_value);
+
+        // check if the actual value was stored
+        CHECK(j2 == 102);
+
+        static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(anon_enum_value), decltype(u)>::value, "");
+
+        j.push_back(json::object(
+        {
+            {"game_type", t}
+        }));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #76 - dump() / parse() not idempotent")
+    {
+        // create JSON object
+        json fields;
+        fields["one"] = std::string("one");
+        fields["two"] = std::string("two three");
+        fields["three"] = std::string("three \"four\"");
+
+        // create another JSON object by deserializing the serialization
+        std::string payload = fields.dump();
+        json parsed_fields = json::parse(payload);
+
+        // check individual fields to match both objects
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["one"] == fields["one"]);
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["two"] == fields["two"]);
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["three"] == fields["three"]);
+
+        // check individual fields to match original input
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["one"] == std::string("one"));
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["two"] == std::string("two three"));
+        CHECK(parsed_fields["three"] == std::string("three \"four\""));
+
+        // check equality of the objects
+        CHECK(parsed_fields == fields);
+
+        // check equality of the serialized objects
+        CHECK(fields.dump() == parsed_fields.dump());
+
+        // check everything in one line
+        CHECK(fields == json::parse(fields.dump()));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #82 - lexer::get_number return NAN")
+    {
+        const auto* const content = R"(
+        {
+            "Test":"Test1",
+            "Number":100,
+            "Foo":42.42
+        })";
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << content;
+        json j;
+        ss >> j;
+
+        auto test = j["Test"].get<std::string>();
+        CHECK(test == "Test1");
+        int number{j["Number"]};
+        CHECK(number == 100);
+        float foo{j["Foo"]};
+        CHECK(static_cast<double>(foo) == Approx(42.42));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #89 - nonstandard integer type")
+    {
+        // create JSON class with nonstandard integer number type
+        using custom_json =
+            nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int32_t, uint32_t, float>;
+        custom_json j;
+        j["int_1"] = 1;
+        CHECK(j["int_1"] == 1);
+
+        // tests for correct handling of non-standard integers that overflow the type selected by the user
+
+        // unsigned integer object creation - expected to wrap and still be stored as an integer
+        j = 4294967296U; // 2^32
+        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_unsigned));
+        CHECK(j.get<uint32_t>() == 0);  // Wrap
+
+        // unsigned integer parsing - expected to overflow and be stored as a float
+        j = custom_json::parse("4294967296"); // 2^32
+        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_float));
+        CHECK(j.get<float>() == 4294967296.0f);
+
+        // integer object creation - expected to wrap and still be stored as an integer
+        j = -2147483649LL; // -2^31-1
+        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_integer));
+        CHECK(j.get<int32_t>() == 2147483647);  // Wrap
+
+        // integer parsing - expected to overflow and be stored as a float with rounding
+        j = custom_json::parse("-2147483649"); // -2^31
+        CHECK(static_cast<int>(j.type()) == static_cast<int>(custom_json::value_t::number_float));
+        CHECK(j.get<float>() == -2147483650.0f);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #93 reverse_iterator operator inheritance problem")
+    {
+        {
+            json a = {1, 2, 3};
+            json::reverse_iterator rit = a.rbegin();
+            ++rit;
+            CHECK(*rit == json(2));
+            CHECK(rit.value() == json(2));
+        }
+        {
+            json a = {1, 2, 3};
+            json::reverse_iterator rit = ++a.rbegin();
+            CHECK(*rit == json(2));
+            CHECK(rit.value() == json(2));
+        }
+        {
+            json a = {1, 2, 3};
+            json::reverse_iterator rit = a.rbegin();
+            ++rit;
+            json b = {0, 0, 0};
+            std::transform(rit, a.rend(), b.rbegin(), [](json el)
+            {
+                return el;
+            });
+            CHECK(b == json({0, 1, 2}));
+        }
+        {
+            json a = {1, 2, 3};
+            json b = {0, 0, 0};
+            std::transform(++a.rbegin(), a.rend(), b.rbegin(), [](json el)
+            {
+                return el;
+            });
+            CHECK(b == json({0, 1, 2}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #100 - failed to iterator json object with reverse_iterator")
+    {
+        json config =
+        {
+            { "111", 111 },
+            { "112", 112 },
+            { "113", 113 }
+        };
+
+        std::stringstream ss;
+
+        for (auto it = config.begin(); it != config.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            ss << it.key() << ": " << it.value() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        for (auto it = config.rbegin(); it != config.rend(); ++it)
+        {
+            ss << it.key() << ": " << it.value() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "111: 111\n112: 112\n113: 113\n113: 113\n112: 112\n111: 111\n");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #101 - binary string causes numbers to be dumped as hex")
+    {
+        int64_t number = 10;
+        std::string bytes{"\x00" "asdf\n", 6};
+        json j;
+        j["int64"] = number;
+        j["binary string"] = bytes;
+        // make sure the number is really printed as decimal "10" and not as
+        // hexadecimal "a"
+        CHECK(j.dump() == "{\"binary string\":\"\\u0000asdf\\n\",\"int64\":10}");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #111 - subsequent unicode chars")
+    {
+        std::string bytes{0x7, 0x7};
+        json j;
+        j["string"] = bytes;
+        CHECK(j["string"] == "\u0007\u0007");
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #144 - implicit assignment to std::string fails")
+    {
+        json o = {{"name", "value"}};
+
+        std::string s1 = o["name"];
+        CHECK(s1 == "value");
+
+        std::string s2;
+        s2 = o["name"];
+
+        CHECK(s2 == "value");
+
+        // improve coverage
+        o["int"] = 1;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(s2 = o["int"], json::type_error);
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(s2 = o["int"], "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/int) type must be string, but is number");
+#else
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(s2 = o["int"], "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is number");
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #146 - character following a surrogate pair is skipped")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\ud80c\\udc60abc\"").get<json::string_t>() == "\xf0\x93\x81\xa0\x61\x62\x63");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #171 - Cannot index by key of type static constexpr const char*")
+    {
+        json j;
+
+        // Non-const access with key as "char []"
+        char array_key[] = "Key1"; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[array_key] = 1);
+        CHECK(j[array_key] == json(1));
+
+        // Non-const access with key as "const char[]"
+        const char const_array_key[] = "Key2"; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[const_array_key] = 2);
+        CHECK(j[const_array_key] == json(2));
+
+        // Non-const access with key as "char *"
+        char _ptr_key[] = "Key3"; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
+        char* ptr_key = &_ptr_key[0]; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[ptr_key] = 3);
+        CHECK(j[ptr_key] == json(3));
+
+        // Non-const access with key as "const char *"
+        const char* const_ptr_key = "Key4";
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[const_ptr_key] = 4);
+        CHECK(j[const_ptr_key] == json(4));
+
+        // Non-const access with key as "static constexpr const char *"
+        static constexpr const char* constexpr_ptr_key = "Key5";
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j[constexpr_ptr_key] = 5);
+        CHECK(j[constexpr_ptr_key] == json(5));
+
+        const json j_const = j;
+
+        // Const access with key as "char []"
+        CHECK(j_const[array_key] == json(1));
+
+        // Const access with key as "const char[]"
+        CHECK(j_const[const_array_key] == json(2));
+
+        // Const access with key as "char *"
+        CHECK(j_const[ptr_key] == json(3));
+
+        // Const access with key as "const char *"
+        CHECK(j_const[const_ptr_key] == json(4));
+
+        // Const access with key as "static constexpr const char *"
+        CHECK(j_const[constexpr_ptr_key] == json(5));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #186 miloyip/nativejson-benchmark: floating-point parsing")
+    {
+        json j;
+
+        j = json::parse("-0.0");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == -0.0);
+
+        j = json::parse("2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164564e-308");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 2.2250738585072009e-308);
+
+        j = json::parse("0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984374");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 0.99999999999999989);
+
+        j = json::parse("1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 1.00000000000000022);
+
+        j = json::parse("7205759403792793199999e-5");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 72057594037927928.0);
+
+        j = json::parse("922337203685477529599999e-5");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 9223372036854774784.0);
+
+        j = json::parse("1014120480182583464902367222169599999e-5");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 10141204801825834086073718800384.0);
+
+        j = json::parse("5708990770823839207320493820740630171355185151999e-3");
+        CHECK(j.get<double>() == 5708990770823838890407843763683279797179383808.0);
+
+        // create JSON class with nonstandard float number type
+
+        // float
+        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int32_t, uint32_t, float> j_float =
+            1.23e25f;
+        CHECK(j_float.get<float>() == 1.23e25f);
+
+        // double
+        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, double> j_double =
+            1.23e35;
+        CHECK(j_double.get<double>() == 1.23e35);
+
+        // long double
+        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, int64_t, uint64_t, long double>
+        j_long_double = 1.23e45L;
+        CHECK(j_long_double.get<long double>() == 1.23e45L);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #228 - double values are serialized with commas as decimal points")
+    {
+        json j1a = 2312.42;
+        json j1b = json::parse("2312.42");
+
+        json j2a = 2342e-2;
+        //issue #230
+        //json j2b = json::parse("2342e-2");
+
+        json j3a = 10E3;
+        json j3b = json::parse("10E3");
+        json j3c = json::parse("10e3");
+
+        // class to create a locale that would use a comma for decimals
+        class CommaDecimalSeparator : public std::numpunct<char>
+        {
+          protected:
+            char do_decimal_point() const override
+            {
+                return ',';
+            }
+
+            char do_thousands_sep() const override
+            {
+                return '.';
+            }
+
+            std::string do_grouping() const override
+            {
+                return "\03";
+            }
+        };
+
+        // change locale to mess with decimal points
+        auto orig_locale = std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
+
+        CHECK(j1a.dump() == "2312.42");
+        CHECK(j1b.dump() == "2312.42");
+
+        // check if locale is properly reset
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss.imbue(std::locale(std::locale(), new CommaDecimalSeparator));
+        ss << 4712.11;
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,11");
+        ss << j1a;
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.42");
+        ss << 47.11;
+        CHECK(ss.str() == "4.712,112312.4247,11");
+
+        CHECK(j2a.dump() == "23.42");
+        //issue #230
+        //CHECK(j2b.dump() == "23.42");
+
+        CHECK(j3a.dump() == "10000.0");
+        CHECK(j3b.dump() == "10000.0");
+        CHECK(j3c.dump() == "10000.0");
+        //CHECK(j3b.dump() == "1E04"); // roundtrip error
+        //CHECK(j3c.dump() == "1e04"); // roundtrip error
+
+        std::locale::global(orig_locale);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #378 - locale-independent num-to-str")
+    {
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");
+
+        // verify that dumped correctly with '.' and no grouping
+        const json j1 = 12345.67;
+        CHECK(json(12345.67).dump() == "12345.67");
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #379 - locale-independent str-to-num")
+    {
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");
+
+        // verify that parsed correctly despite using strtod internally
+        CHECK(json::parse("3.14").get<double>() == 3.14);
+
+        // check a different code path
+        CHECK(json::parse("1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").get<double>() == 1.0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #233 - Can't use basic_json::iterator as a base iterator for std::move_iterator")
+    {
+        json source = {"a", "b", "c"};
+        json expected = {"a", "b"};
+        json dest;
+
+        std::copy_n(std::make_move_iterator(source.begin()), 2, std::back_inserter(dest));
+
+        CHECK(dest == expected);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #235 - ambiguous overload for 'push_back' and 'operator+='")
+    {
+        json data = {{"key", "value"}};
+        data.push_back({"key2", "value2"});
+        data += {"key3", "value3"};
+
+        CHECK(data == json({{"key", "value"}, {"key2", "value2"}, {"key3", "value3"}}));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #269 - diff generates incorrect patch when removing multiple array elements")
+    {
+        json doc = R"( { "arr1": [1, 2, 3, 4] } )"_json;
+        json expected = R"( { "arr1": [1, 2] } )"_json;
+
+        // check roundtrip
+        CHECK(doc.patch(json::diff(doc, expected)) == expected);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #283 - value() does not work with _json_pointer types")
+    {
+        json j =
+        {
+            {"object", {{"key1", 1}, {"key2", 2}}},
+        };
+
+        int at_integer{j.at("/object/key2"_json_pointer)};
+        int val_integer = j.value("/object/key2"_json_pointer, 0);
+
+        CHECK(at_integer == val_integer);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #304 - Unused variable warning")
+    {
+        // code triggered a "warning: unused variable" warning and is left
+        // here to avoid the warning in the future
+        json object;
+        json patch = json::array();
+        object = object.patch(patch);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #306 - Parsing fails without space at end of file")
+    {
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/broken_file.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            json j;
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #310 - make json_benchmarks no longer working in 2.0.4")
+    {
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            json j;
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #323 - add nested object capabilities to pointers")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["/this/that/2"_json_pointer] = 27;
+        CHECK(j == json({{"this", {{"that", {nullptr, nullptr, 27}}}}}));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #329 - serialized value not always can be parsed")
+    {
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("22e2222"), json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("22e2222"),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '22e2222'");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #360 - Loss of precision when serializing <double>")
+    {
+        auto check_roundtrip = [](double number)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(number)
+
+            json j = number;
+            CHECK(j.is_number_float());
+
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << j;
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j.is_number_float());
+            CHECK(j.get<json::number_float_t>() == number);
+        };
+
+        check_roundtrip(100000000000.1236);
+        check_roundtrip((std::numeric_limits<json::number_float_t>::max)());
+
+        // Some more numbers which fail to roundtrip when serialized with digits10 significand digits (instead of max_digits10)
+        check_roundtrip(1.541888611948064e-17);
+        check_roundtrip(5.418771028591015e-16);
+        check_roundtrip(9.398685592608595e-15);
+        check_roundtrip(8.826843952762347e-14);
+        check_roundtrip(8.143291313475335e-13);
+        check_roundtrip(4.851328172762508e-12);
+        check_roundtrip(6.677850998084358e-11);
+        check_roundtrip(3.995398518174525e-10);
+        check_roundtrip(1.960452605645124e-9);
+        check_roundtrip(3.551812586302883e-8);
+        check_roundtrip(2.947988411689261e-7);
+        check_roundtrip(8.210166748056192e-6);
+        check_roundtrip(6.104889704266753e-5);
+        check_roundtrip(0.0008629954631330876);
+        check_roundtrip(0.004936993881051611);
+        check_roundtrip(0.08309725102608073);
+        check_roundtrip(0.5210494268499783);
+        check_roundtrip(6.382927930939767);
+        check_roundtrip(59.94947245358671);
+        check_roundtrip(361.0838651266122);
+        check_roundtrip(4678.354596181877);
+        check_roundtrip(61412.17658956043);
+        check_roundtrip(725696.0799057782);
+        check_roundtrip(2811732.583399828);
+        check_roundtrip(30178351.07533605);
+        check_roundtrip(689684880.3235844);
+        check_roundtrip(5714887673.555147);
+        check_roundtrip(84652038821.18808);
+        check_roundtrip(156510583431.7721);
+        check_roundtrip(5938450569021.732);
+        check_roundtrip(83623297654460.33);
+        check_roundtrip(701466573254773.6);
+        check_roundtrip(1369013370304513);
+        check_roundtrip(96963648023094720); // NOLINT(bugprone-narrowing-conversions,cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions)
+        check_roundtrip(3.478237409280108e+17);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #366 - json::parse on failed stream gets stuck")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f("file_not_found.json");
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(f), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse(f), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #367 - calling stream at EOF")
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        json j;
+        ss << "123";
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+
+        // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/367#issuecomment-262841893:
+        // ss is not at EOF; this yielded an error before the fix
+        // (threw basic_string::append). No, it should just throw
+        // a parse error because of the EOF.
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #367 - behavior of operator>> should more closely resemble that of built-in overloads")
+    {
+        SECTION("(empty)")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("(whitespace)")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "   ";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("one value")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "111";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 111);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("one value + whitespace")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "222 \t\n";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 222);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("whitespace + one value")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "\n\t 333";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 333);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("three values")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << " 111 \n222\n \n  333";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 111);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 222);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == 333);
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("literals without whitespace")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "truefalsenull\"\"";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == true);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == false);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == nullptr);
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == "");
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("example from #529")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "{\n    \"one\"   : 1,\n    \"two\"   : 2\n}\n{\n    \"three\" : 3\n}";
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(ss >> j);
+            CHECK(j == json({{"three", 3}}));
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(ss >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(ss >> j,
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected end of input; expected '[', '{', or a literal");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("second example from #529")
+        {
+            std::string str = "{\n\"one\"   : 1,\n\"two\"   : 2\n}\n{\n\"three\" : 3\n}";
+
+            {
+                std::ofstream file("test.json");
+                file << str;
+            }
+
+            std::ifstream stream("test.json", std::ifstream::in);
+            json val;
+
+            size_t i = 0;
+            while (stream.peek() != EOF)
+            {
+                CAPTURE(i)
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(stream >> val);
+
+                CHECK(i < 2);
+
+                if (i == 0)
+                {
+                    CHECK(val == json({{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}));
+                }
+
+                if (i == 1)
+                {
+                    CHECK(val == json({{"three", 3}}));
+                }
+
+                ++i;
+            }
+
+            std::remove("test.json");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #389 - Integer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 267)")
+    {
+        // original test case
+        json j1 = json::parse("-9223372036854775808");
+        CHECK(j1.is_number_integer());
+        CHECK(j1.get<json::number_integer_t>() == INT64_MIN);
+
+        // edge case (+1; still an integer)
+        json j2 = json::parse("-9223372036854775807");
+        CHECK(j2.is_number_integer());
+        CHECK(j2.get<json::number_integer_t>() == INT64_MIN + 1);
+
+        // edge case (-1; overflow -> floats)
+        json j3 = json::parse("-9223372036854775809");
+        CHECK(j3.is_number_float());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #380 - bug in overflow detection when parsing integers")
+    {
+        json j = json::parse("166020696663385964490");
+        CHECK(j.is_number_float());
+        CHECK(j.get<json::number_float_t>() == 166020696663385964490.0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #405 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 342)")
+    {
+        // original test case
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec {0x65, 0xf5, 0x0a, 0x48, 0x21};
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 6: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #407 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 343)")
+    {
+        json _;
+
+        // original test case: incomplete float64
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0xcb, 0x8f, 0x0a};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec1), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec1),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: incomplete float32
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0xca, 0x8f, 0x0a};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing MessagePack number: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: incomplete Half-Precision Float (CBOR)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xf9, 0x8f};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: incomplete Single-Precision Float (CBOR)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec4 {0xfa, 0x8f, 0x0a};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec4), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec4),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: incomplete Double-Precision Float (CBOR)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec5 {0xfb, 0x8f, 0x0a};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec5), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec5),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR number: unexpected end of input");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #408 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 344)")
+    {
+        json _;
+
+        // original test case
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x87};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec1), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec1),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack string: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // more test cases for MessagePack
+        for (auto b :
+                {
+                    0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, // fixmap
+                    0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f, // fixarray
+                    0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, // fixstr
+                    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf
+                })
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, static_cast<uint8_t>(b));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+
+        // more test cases for CBOR
+        for (auto b :
+                {
+                    0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
+                    0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, // UTF-8 string
+                    0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+                    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, // array
+                    0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+                    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7 // map
+                })
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec(1, static_cast<uint8_t>(b));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+
+        // special case: empty input
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_msgpack(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #411 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 366)")
+    {
+        json _;
+
+        // original test case: empty UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x7f};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: empty array (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0x9f};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: empty map (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xbf};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #412 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 367)")
+    {
+        // original test case
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec
+        {
+            0xab, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98,
+            0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x60, 0xab, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98,
+            0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xa0, 0x9f,
+            0x9f, 0x97, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
+            0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0x98");
+
+        // related test case: nonempty UTF-8 string (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 {0x7f, 0x61, 0x61};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: nonempty array (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 {0x9f, 0x01};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: unexpected end of input");
+
+        // related test case: nonempty map (indefinite length)
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 {0xbf, 0x61, 0x61, 0x01};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec3),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #414 - compare with literal 0)")
+    {
+#define CHECK_TYPE(v) \
+    CHECK((json(v) == (v)));\
+    CHECK(((v) == json(v)));\
+    CHECK_FALSE((json(v) != (v)));\
+    CHECK_FALSE(((v) != json(v)));
+
+        CHECK_TYPE(nullptr)
+        CHECK_TYPE(0)
+        CHECK_TYPE(0u)
+        CHECK_TYPE(0L)
+        CHECK_TYPE(0.0)
+        CHECK_TYPE("") // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
+
+#undef CHECK_TYPE
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #416 - Use-of-uninitialized-value (OSS-Fuzz issue 377)")
+    {
+        // original test case
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1
+        {
+            0x94, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa,
+            0x3a, 0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4,
+            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0x71,
+            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0x3a,
+            0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x94, 0x61,
+            0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0xfa
+        };
+
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec1),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 13: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0xB4");
+
+        // related test case: double-precision
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2
+        {
+            0x94, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa,
+            0x3a, 0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4,
+            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0x71,
+            0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0x3a,
+            0x96, 0x96, 0xb4, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x94, 0x61,
+            0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0x61, 0xfb
+        };
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_cbor(vec2),
+                          "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 13: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0xB4");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #452 - Heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz issue 585)")
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'-', '0', '1', '2', '2', '7', '4'};
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(vec), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #454 - doubles are printed as integers")
+    {
+        json j = R"({"bool_value":true,"double_value":2.0,"int_value":10,"level1":{"list_value":[3,"hi",false],"tmp":5.0},"string_value":"hello"})"_json;
+        CHECK(j["double_value"].is_number_float());
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #464 - VS2017 implicit to std::string conversion fix")
+    {
+        json v = "test";
+        std::string test;
+        test = v;
+        CHECK(v == "test");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #465 - roundtrip error while parsing 1000000000000000010E5")
+    {
+        json j1 = json::parse("1000000000000000010E5");
+        std::string s1 = j1.dump();
+        json j2 = json::parse(s1);
+        std::string s2 = j2.dump();
+        CHECK(s1 == s2);
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #473 - inconsistent behavior in conversion to array type")
+    {
+        json j_array = {1, 2, 3, 4};
+        json j_number = 42;
+        json j_null = nullptr;
+
+        SECTION("std::vector")
+        {
+            auto create = [](const json & j)
+            {
+                std::vector<int> v = j;
+            };
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(create(j_array));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_number), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_number), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_null), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_null), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::list")
+        {
+            auto create = [](const json & j)
+            {
+                std::list<int> v = j;
+            };
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(create(j_array));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_number), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_number), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_null), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_null), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::forward_list")
+        {
+            auto create = [](const json & j)
+            {
+                std::forward_list<int> v = j;
+            };
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(create(j_array));
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_number), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_number), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is number");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(create(j_null), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(create(j_null), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #486 - json::value_t can't be a map's key type in VC++ 2015")
+    {
+        // the code below must compile with MSVC
+        std::map<json::value_t, std::string> jsonTypes ;
+        jsonTypes[json::value_t::array] = "array";
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #494 - conversion from vector<bool> to json fails to build")
+    {
+        std::vector<bool> boolVector = {false, true, false, false};
+        json j;
+        j["bool_vector"] = boolVector;
+
+        CHECK(j["bool_vector"].dump() == "[false,true,false,false]");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #504 - assertion error (OSS-Fuzz 856)")
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 = {0xf9, 0xff, 0xff, 0x4a, 0x3a, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0x37, 0x02, 0x38};
+        json j1 = json::from_cbor(vec1, false);
+
+        // step 2: round trip
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = json::to_cbor(j1);
+
+        // parse serialization
+        json j2 = json::from_cbor(vec2);
+
+        // NaN is dumped to "null"
+        CHECK(j2.is_number_float());
+        CHECK(std::isnan(j2.get<json::number_float_t>()));
+        CHECK(j2.dump() == "null");
+
+        // check if serializations match
+        CHECK(json::to_cbor(j2) == vec2);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #512 - use of overloaded operator '<=' is ambiguous")
+    {
+        json j;
+        j["a"] = 5;
+
+        // json op scalar
+        CHECK(j["a"] == 5);
+        CHECK(j["a"] != 4);
+
+        CHECK(j["a"] <= 7);
+        CHECK(j["a"] <  7);
+        CHECK(j["a"] >= 3);
+        CHECK(j["a"] >  3);
+
+
+        CHECK(!(j["a"] <= 4));
+        CHECK(!(j["a"] <  4));
+        CHECK(!(j["a"] >= 6));
+        CHECK(!(j["a"] >  6));
+
+        // scalar op json
+        CHECK(5 == j["a"]);
+        CHECK(4 != j["a"]);
+
+        CHECK(7 >= j["a"]);
+        CHECK(7 >  j["a"]);
+        CHECK(3 <= j["a"]);
+        CHECK(3 <  j["a"]);
+
+        CHECK(!(4 >= j["a"]));
+        CHECK(!(4 >  j["a"]));
+        CHECK(!(6 <= j["a"]));
+        CHECK(!(6 <  j["a"]));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #575 - heap-buffer-overflow (OSS-Fuzz 1400)")
+    {
+        json _;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'"', '\\', '"', 'X', '"', '"'};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(vec), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #600 - how does one convert a map in Json back to std::map?")
+    {
+        SECTION("example 1")
+        {
+            // create a map
+            std::map<std::string, int> m1 {{"key", 1}};
+
+            // create and print a JSON from the map
+            json j = m1;
+
+            // get the map out of JSON
+            std::map<std::string, int> m2 = j;
+
+            // make sure the roundtrip succeeds
+            CHECK(m1 == m2);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("example 2")
+        {
+            // create a map
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> m1 {{"key", "val"}};
+
+            // create and print a JSON from the map
+            json j = m1;
+
+            // get the map out of JSON
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> m2 = j;
+
+            // make sure the roundtrip succeeds
+            CHECK(m1 == m2);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #602 - BOM not skipped when using json:parse(iterator)")
+    {
+        std::string i = "\xef\xbb\xbf{\n   \"foo\": true\n}";
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(i.begin(), i.end()));
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #702 - conversion from valarray<double> to json fails to build")
+    {
+        SECTION("original example")
+        {
+            std::valarray<double> v;
+            nlohmann::json j;
+            j["test"] = v;
+        }
+
+        SECTION("full example")
+        {
+            std::valarray<double> v = {1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 4.5};
+            json j = v;
+            std::valarray<double> vj = j;
+
+            CHECK(j == json(vj));
+            CHECK(v.size() == vj.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                CHECK(v[i] == vj[i]);
+                CHECK(v[i] == j[i]);
+            }
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(json().get<std::valarray<double>>(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json().get<std::valarray<double>>(),
+                              "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, but is null");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #367 - Behavior of operator>> should more closely resemble that of built-in overloads.")
+    {
+        SECTION("example 1")
+        {
+            std::istringstream i1_2_3( R"({"first": "one" }{"second": "two"}3)" );
+            json j1;
+            json j2;
+            json j3;
+            i1_2_3 >> j1;
+            i1_2_3 >> j2;
+            i1_2_3 >> j3;
+
+            auto m1 = j1.get<std::map<std::string, std::string>>();
+            auto m2 = j2.get<std::map<std::string, std::string>>();
+            int i3{j3};
+
+            CHECK( m1 == ( std::map<std::string, std::string> {{ "first",  "one" }} ));
+            CHECK( m2 == ( std::map<std::string, std::string> {{ "second", "two" }} ));
+            CHECK( i3 == 3 );
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #714 - throw std::ios_base::failure exception when failbit set to true")
+    {
+        {
+            std::ifstream is;
+            is.exceptions(
+                is.exceptions()
+                | std::ios_base::failbit
+                | std::ios_base::badbit
+            ); // handle different exceptions as 'file not found', 'permission denied'
+
+            is.open(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/working_file.json");
+            json _;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = nlohmann::json::parse(is));
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::ifstream is;
+            is.exceptions(
+                is.exceptions()
+                | std::ios_base::failbit
+                | std::ios_base::badbit
+            ); // handle different exceptions as 'file not found', 'permission denied'
+
+            is.open(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json.cbor",
+                    std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = nlohmann::json::from_cbor(is));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #805 - copy constructor is used with std::initializer_list constructor.")
+    {
+        nocopy n;
+        json j;
+        j = {{"nocopy", n}};
+        CHECK(j["nocopy"]["val"] == 0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #838 - incorrect parse error with binary data in keys")
+    {
+        std::array<uint8_t, 28> key1 = {{ 103, 92, 117, 48, 48, 48, 55, 92, 114, 215, 126, 214, 95, 92, 34, 174, 40, 71, 38, 174, 40, 71, 38, 223, 134, 247, 127, 0 }};
+        std::string key1_str(reinterpret_cast<char*>(key1.data()));
+        json j = key1_str;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.dump(), "[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 10: 0x7E");
+    }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+    SECTION("issue #843 - converting to array not working")
+    {
+        json j;
+        std::array<int, 4> ar = {{1, 1, 1, 1}};
+        j = ar;
+        ar = j;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #894 - invalid RFC6902 copy operation succeeds")
+    {
+        auto model = R"({
+            "one": {
+                "two": {
+                    "three": "hello",
+                    "four": 42
+                }
+            }
+        })"_json;
+
+        auto p1 = R"([{"op": "move",
+                       "from": "/one/two/three",
+                       "path": "/a/b/c"}])"_json;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(model.patch(p1), json::out_of_range&);
+
+        auto p2 = R"([{"op": "move",
+                       "from": "/one/two/three",
+                       "path": "/a/b/c"}])"_json;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(model.patch(p2),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'a' not found");
+
+        auto p3 = R"([{"op": "copy",
+                       "from": "/one/two/three",
+                       "path": "/a/b/c"}])"_json;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(model.patch(p3), json::out_of_range&);
+
+        auto p4 = R"([{"op": "copy",
+                                 "from": "/one/two/three",
+                                 "path": "/a/b/c"}])"_json;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(model.patch(p4),
+                          "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'a' not found");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #961 - incorrect parsing of indefinite length CBOR strings")
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v_cbor =
+        {
+            0x7F,
+            0x64,
+            'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
+            0x63,
+            '1', '2', '3',
+            0xFF
+        };
+        json j = json::from_cbor(v_cbor);
+        CHECK(j == "abcd123");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #962 - Timeout (OSS-Fuzz 6034)")
+    {
+        json _;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v_ubjson = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'L', 0x78, 0x28, 0x00, 0x68, 0x28, 0x69, 0x69, 0x17};
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+        //CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson),
+        //                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.408] excessive array size: 8658170730974374167");
+
+        v_ubjson[0] = '{';
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+        //CHECK_THROWS_WITH(json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson),
+        //                  "[json.exception.out_of_range.408] excessive object size: 8658170730974374167");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #971 - Add a SAX parser - late bug")
+    {
+        // a JSON text
+        const auto* text = R"(
+    {
+        "Image": {
+            "Width":  800,
+            "Height": 600,
+            "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+            "Thumbnail": {
+                "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                "Height": 125,
+                "Width":  100
+            },
+            "Animated" : false,
+            "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
+        }
+    }
+    )";
+
+        // define parser callback
+        json::parser_callback_t cb = [](int /*depth*/, json::parse_event_t event, json & parsed)
+        {
+            // skip object elements with key "Thumbnail"
+            return !(event == json::parse_event_t::key && parsed == json("Thumbnail"));
+        };
+
+        // parse (with callback) and serialize JSON
+        json j_filtered = json::parse(text, cb);
+
+        CHECK(j_filtered == R"({"Image":{"Animated":false,"Height":600,"IDs":[116,943,234,38793], "Title":"View from 15th Floor","Width":800}})"_json);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #972 - Segmentation fault on G++ when trying to assign json string literal to custom json type")
+    {
+        my_json foo = R"([1, 2, 3])"_json;
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #977 - Assigning between different json types")
+    {
+        foo_json lj = ns::foo{3};
+        ns::foo ff(lj);
+        CHECK(lj.is_object());
+        CHECK(lj.size() == 1);
+        CHECK(lj["x"] == 3);
+        CHECK(ff.x == 3);
+        nlohmann::json nj = lj;                // This line works as expected
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("regression tests, exceptions dependent")
+{
+    SECTION("issue #1340 - eof not set on exhausted input stream")
+    {
+        std::stringstream s("{}{}");
+        json j;
+        s >> j;
+        s >> j;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(s >> j, json::parse_error const&);
+        CHECK(s.eof());
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #1642
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// the code below fails with Clang on Windows, so we need to exclude it there
+#if defined(__clang__) && (defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__))
+#else
+template <typename T> class array {};
+template <typename T> class object {};
+template <typename T> class string {};
+template <typename T> class number_integer {};
+template <typename T> class number_unsigned {};
+template <typename T> class number_float {};
+#endif
diff --git a/test/src/unit-regression2.cpp b/test/src/unit-regression2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..179f2b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-regression2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#define JSON_TESTS_PRIVATE
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <list>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_HAS_CXX17) && _HAS_CXX17 == 1) // fix for issue #464
+    #define JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    #include <variant>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+    #include <span>
+#endif
+
+// NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM uses a static std::pair
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #1021
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+using float_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, float>;
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #1647
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+namespace
+{
+struct NonDefaultFromJsonStruct { };
+
+inline bool operator== (NonDefaultFromJsonStruct const& /*unused*/, NonDefaultFromJsonStruct const& /*unused*/)
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+enum class for_1647 { one, two };
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays): this is a false positive
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(for_1647,
+{
+    {for_1647::one, "one"},
+    {for_1647::two, "two"},
+})
+} // namespace
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #1299
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct Data
+{
+    Data() = default;
+    Data(std::string a_, std::string b_) : a(std::move(a_)), b(std::move(b_)) {}
+    std::string a {};
+    std::string b {};
+};
+
+void from_json(const json& j, Data& data);
+void from_json(const json& j, Data& data)
+{
+    j["a"].get_to(data.a);
+    j["b"].get_to(data.b);
+}
+
+bool operator==(Data const& lhs, Data const& rhs);
+bool operator==(Data const& lhs, Data const& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.a == rhs.a && lhs.b == rhs.b;
+}
+
+//bool operator!=(Data const& lhs, Data const& rhs)
+//{
+//    return !(lhs == rhs);
+//}
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template <>
+struct adl_serializer<NonDefaultFromJsonStruct>
+{
+    static NonDefaultFromJsonStruct from_json (json const& /*unused*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #1805
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct NotSerializableData
+{
+    int mydata;
+    float myfloat;
+};
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #2574
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct NonDefaultConstructible
+{
+    explicit NonDefaultConstructible (int a) : x(a) { }
+    int x;
+};
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template <>
+struct adl_serializer<NonDefaultConstructible>
+{
+    static NonDefaultConstructible from_json (json const& j)
+    {
+        return NonDefaultConstructible(j.get<int>());
+    }
+};
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// for #2824
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class sax_no_exception : public nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>
+{
+  public:
+    explicit sax_no_exception(json& j) : nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>(j, false) {}
+
+    static bool parse_error(std::size_t /*position*/, const std::string& /*last_token*/, const json::exception& ex)
+    {
+        error_string = new std::string(ex.what()); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static std::string* error_string;
+};
+
+std::string* sax_no_exception::error_string = nullptr;
+
+
+TEST_CASE("regression tests 2")
+{
+    SECTION("issue #1001 - Fix memory leak during parser callback")
+    {
+        const auto* geojsonExample = R"(
+          { "type": "FeatureCollection",
+            "features": [
+              { "type": "Feature",
+                "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]},
+                "properties": {"prop0": "value0"}
+                },
+              { "type": "Feature",
+                "geometry": {
+                  "type": "LineString",
+                  "coordinates": [
+                    [102.0, 0.0], [103.0, 1.0], [104.0, 0.0], [105.0, 1.0]
+                    ]
+                  },
+                "properties": {
+                  "prop0": "value0",
+                  "prop1": 0.0
+                  }
+                },
+              { "type": "Feature",
+                 "geometry": {
+                   "type": "Polygon",
+                   "coordinates": [
+                     [ [100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0],
+                       [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0] ]
+                     ]
+                 },
+                 "properties": {
+                   "prop0": "value0",
+                   "prop1": {"this": "that"}
+                   }
+                 }
+               ]
+             })";
+
+        json::parser_callback_t cb = [&](int /*level*/, json::parse_event_t event, json & parsed)
+        {
+            // skip uninteresting events
+            if (event == json::parse_event_t::value && !parsed.is_primitive())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            switch (event)
+            {
+                case json::parse_event_t::key:
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                case json::parse_event_t::value:
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                case json::parse_event_t::object_start:
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                case json::parse_event_t::object_end:
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                case json::parse_event_t::array_start:
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                case json::parse_event_t::array_end:
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        auto j = json::parse(geojsonExample, cb, true);
+        CHECK(j == json());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1021 - to/from_msgpack only works with standard typization")
+    {
+        float_json j = 1000.0;
+        CHECK(float_json::from_cbor(float_json::to_cbor(j)) == j);
+        CHECK(float_json::from_msgpack(float_json::to_msgpack(j)) == j);
+        CHECK(float_json::from_ubjson(float_json::to_ubjson(j)) == j);
+
+        float_json j2 = {1000.0, 2000.0, 3000.0};
+        CHECK(float_json::from_ubjson(float_json::to_ubjson(j2, true, true)) == j2);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1045 - Using STL algorithms with JSON containers with expected results?")
+    {
+        json diffs = nlohmann::json::array();
+        json m1{{"key1", 42}};
+        json m2{{"key2", 42}};
+        auto p1 = m1.items();
+        auto p2 = m2.items();
+
+        using it_type = decltype(p1.begin());
+
+        std::set_difference(
+            p1.begin(), p1.end(),
+            p2.begin(), p2.end(),
+            std::inserter(diffs, diffs.end()), [&](const it_type & e1, const it_type & e2) -> bool
+        {
+            using comper_pair = std::pair<std::string, decltype(e1.value())>; // Trying to avoid unneeded copy
+            return comper_pair(e1.key(), e1.value()) < comper_pair(e2.key(), e2.value()); // Using pair comper
+        });
+
+        CHECK(diffs.size() == 1); // Note the change here, was 2
+    }
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    SECTION("issue #1292 - Serializing std::variant causes stack overflow")
+    {
+        static_assert(
+            !std::is_constructible<json, std::variant<int, float>>::value, "");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #1299 - compile error in from_json converting to container "
+            "with std::pair")
+    {
+        json j =
+        {
+            {"1", {{"a", "testa_1"}, {"b", "testb_1"}}},
+            {"2", {{"a", "testa_2"}, {"b", "testb_2"}}},
+            {"3", {{"a", "testa_3"}, {"b", "testb_3"}}},
+        };
+
+        std::map<std::string, Data> expected
+        {
+            {"1", {"testa_1", "testb_1"}},
+            {"2", {"testa_2", "testb_2"}},
+            {"3", {"testa_3", "testb_3"}},
+        };
+        const auto data = j.get<decltype(expected)>();
+        CHECK(expected == data);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1445 - buffer overflow in dumping invalid utf-8 strings")
+    {
+        SECTION("a bunch of -1, ensure_ascii=true")
+        {
+            const auto length = 300;
+
+            json dump_test;
+            dump_test["1"] = std::string(length, -1);
+
+            std::string expected = R"({"1":")";
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
+            {
+                expected += "\\ufffd";
+            }
+            expected += "\"}";
+
+            auto s = dump_test.dump(-1, ' ', true, nlohmann::json::error_handler_t::replace);
+            CHECK(s == expected);
+        }
+        SECTION("a bunch of -2, ensure_ascii=false")
+        {
+            const auto length = 500;
+
+            json dump_test;
+            dump_test["1"] = std::string(length, -2);
+
+            std::string expected = R"({"1":")";
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
+            {
+                expected += "\xEF\xBF\xBD";
+            }
+            expected += "\"}";
+
+            auto s = dump_test.dump(-1, ' ', false, nlohmann::json::error_handler_t::replace);
+            CHECK(s == expected);
+        }
+        SECTION("test case in issue #1445")
+        {
+            nlohmann::json dump_test;
+            const std::array<int, 108> data =
+            {
+                {
+                    109,  108,  103,  125,  -122, -53,  115,
+                    18,   3,    0,    102,  19,   1,    15,
+                    -110, 13,   -3,   -1,   -81,  32,   2,
+                    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+                    8,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+                    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    -80,  2,
+                    0,    0,    96,   -118, 46,   -116, 46,
+                    109,  -84,  -87,  108,  14,   109,  -24,
+                    -83,  13,   -18,  -51,  -83,  -52,  -115,
+                    14,   6,    32,   0,    0,    0,    0,
+                    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+                    64,   3,    0,    0,    0,    35,   -74,
+                    -73,  55,   57,   -128, 0,    0,    0,
+                    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+                    0,    0,    33,   0,    0,    0,    -96,
+                    -54,  -28,  -26
+                }
+            };
+            std::string s;
+            for (int i : data)
+            {
+                s += static_cast<char>(i);
+            }
+            dump_test["1"] = s;
+            dump_test.dump(-1, ' ', true, nlohmann::json::error_handler_t::replace);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1447 - Integer Overflow (OSS-Fuzz 12506)")
+    {
+        json j = json::parse("[-9223372036854775808]");
+        CHECK(j.dump() == "[-9223372036854775808]");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1708 - minimum value of int64_t can be outputted")
+    {
+        constexpr auto smallest = (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min)();
+        json j = smallest;
+        CHECK(j.dump() == std::to_string(smallest));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1727 - Contains with non-const lvalue json_pointer picks the wrong overload")
+    {
+        json j = {{"root", {{"settings", {{"logging", true}}}}}};
+
+        auto jptr1 = "/root/settings/logging"_json_pointer;
+        auto jptr2 = json::json_pointer{"/root/settings/logging"};
+
+        CHECK(j.contains(jptr1));
+        CHECK(j.contains(jptr2));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1647 - compile error when deserializing enum if both non-default from_json and non-member operator== exists for other type")
+    {
+        {
+            json j;
+            NonDefaultFromJsonStruct x(j);
+            NonDefaultFromJsonStruct y;
+            CHECK(x == y);
+        }
+
+        auto val = nlohmann::json("one").get<for_1647>();
+        CHECK(val == for_1647::one);
+        json j = val;
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1715 - json::from_cbor does not respect allow_exceptions = false when input is string literal")
+    {
+        SECTION("string literal")
+        {
+            json cbor = json::from_cbor("B", true, false);
+            CHECK(cbor.is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string array")
+        {
+            const std::array<char, 2> input = {{ 'B', 0x00 }};
+            json cbor = json::from_cbor(input, true, false);
+            CHECK(cbor.is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::string")
+        {
+            json cbor = json::from_cbor(std::string("B"), true, false);
+            CHECK(cbor.is_discarded());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1805 - A pair<T1, T2> is json constructible only if T1 and T2 are json constructible")
+    {
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<json, std::pair<std::string, NotSerializableData>>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<json, std::pair<NotSerializableData, std::string>>::value, "");
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<json, std::pair<int, std::string>>::value, "");
+    }
+    SECTION("issue #1825 - A tuple<Args..> is json constructible only if all T in Args are json constructible")
+    {
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<json, std::tuple<std::string, NotSerializableData>>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_constructible<json, std::tuple<NotSerializableData, std::string>>::value, "");
+        static_assert(std::is_constructible<json, std::tuple<int, std::string>>::value, "");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #1983 - JSON patch diff for op=add formation is not as per standard (RFC 6902)")
+    {
+        const auto source = R"({ "foo": [ "1", "2" ] })"_json;
+        const auto target = R"({"foo": [ "1", "2", "3" ]})"_json;
+        const auto result = json::diff(source, target);
+        CHECK(result.dump() == R"([{"op":"add","path":"/foo/-","value":"3"}])");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2067 - cannot serialize binary data to text JSON")
+    {
+        const std::array<unsigned char, 23> data = {{0x81, 0xA4, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0xC4, 0x0F, 0x33, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x30, 0x31, 0x30, 0x37, 0x30, 0x35, 0x30, 0x31, 0x30}};
+        json j = json::from_msgpack(data.data(), data.size());
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(
+            j.dump(4,                              // Indent
+                   ' ',                            // Indent char
+                   false,                          // Ensure ascii
+                   json::error_handler_t::strict  // Error
+                  )
+        );
+    }
+
+    SECTION("PR #2181 - regression bug with lvalue")
+    {
+        // see https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2181#issuecomment-653326060
+        json j{{"x", "test"}};
+        std::string defval = "default value";
+        auto val = j.value("x", defval);
+        auto val2 = j.value("y", defval);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2293 - eof doesnt cause parsing to stop")
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data =
+        {
+            0x7B, 0x6F, 0x62, 0x6A, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x20, 0x4F, 0x42
+        };
+        json result = json::from_cbor(data, true, false);
+        CHECK(result.is_discarded());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2315 - json.update and vector<pair>does not work with ordered_json")
+    {
+        nlohmann::ordered_json jsonAnimals = {{"animal", "dog"}};
+        nlohmann::ordered_json jsonCat = {{"animal", "cat"}};
+        jsonAnimals.update(jsonCat);
+        CHECK(jsonAnimals["animal"] == "cat");
+
+        auto jsonAnimals_parsed = nlohmann::ordered_json::parse(jsonAnimals.dump());
+        CHECK(jsonAnimals == jsonAnimals_parsed);
+
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int64_t>> intData = {std::make_pair("aaaa", 11),
+                                                                std::make_pair("bbb", 222)
+                                                               };
+        nlohmann::ordered_json jsonObj;
+        for (const auto& data : intData)
+        {
+            jsonObj[data.first] = data.second;
+        }
+        CHECK(jsonObj["aaaa"] == 11);
+        CHECK(jsonObj["bbb"] == 222);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2330 - ignore_comment=true fails on multiple consecutive lines starting with comments")
+    {
+        std::string ss = "//\n//\n{\n}\n";
+        json j = json::parse(ss, nullptr, true, true);
+        CHECK(j.dump() == "{}");
+    }
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_20
+    SECTION("issue #2546 - parsing containers of std::byte")
+    {
+        const char DATA[] = R"("Hello, world!")";
+        const auto s = std::as_bytes(std::span(DATA));
+        json j = json::parse(s);
+        CHECK(j.dump() == "\"Hello, world!\"");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    SECTION("issue #2574 - Deserialization to std::array, std::pair, and std::tuple with non-default constructable types fails")
+    {
+        SECTION("std::array")
+        {
+            {
+                json j = { 7, 4 };
+                auto arr = j.get<std::array<NonDefaultConstructible, 2>>();
+                CHECK(arr[0].x == 7);
+                CHECK(arr[1].x == 4);
+
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = 7;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::array<NonDefaultConstructible, 1>>()), json::type_error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::pair")
+        {
+            {
+                json j = { 3, 8 };
+                auto p = j.get<std::pair<NonDefaultConstructible, NonDefaultConstructible>>();
+                CHECK(p.first.x == 3);
+                CHECK(p.second.x == 8);
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = { 4, 1 };
+                auto p = j.get<std::pair<int, NonDefaultConstructible>>();
+                CHECK(p.first == 4);
+                CHECK(p.second.x == 1);
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = { 6, 7 };
+                auto p = j.get<std::pair<NonDefaultConstructible, int>>();
+                CHECK(p.first.x == 6);
+                CHECK(p.second == 7);
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = 7;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::pair<NonDefaultConstructible, int>>()), json::type_error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("std::tuple")
+        {
+            {
+                json j = { 9 };
+                auto t = j.get<std::tuple<NonDefaultConstructible>>();
+                CHECK(std::get<0>(t).x == 9);
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = { 9, 8, 7 };
+                auto t = j.get<std::tuple<NonDefaultConstructible, int, NonDefaultConstructible>>();
+                CHECK(std::get<0>(t).x == 9);
+                CHECK(std::get<1>(t)   == 8);
+                CHECK(std::get<2>(t).x == 7);
+            }
+
+            {
+                json j = 7;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS((j.get<std::tuple<NonDefaultConstructible>>()), json::type_error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2865 - ASAN detects memory leaks")
+    {
+        // the code below is expected to not leak memory
+        {
+            nlohmann::json o;
+            std::string s = "bar";
+
+            nlohmann::to_json(o["foo"], s);
+
+            nlohmann::json p = o;
+
+            // call to_json with a non-null JSON value
+            nlohmann::to_json(p["foo"], s);
+        }
+
+        {
+            nlohmann::json o;
+            std::string s = "bar";
+
+            nlohmann::to_json(o["foo"], s);
+
+            // call to_json with a non-null JSON value
+            nlohmann::to_json(o["foo"], s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2824 - encoding of json::exception::what()")
+    {
+        json j;
+        sax_no_exception sax(j);
+
+        CHECK (!json::sax_parse("xyz", &sax));
+        CHECK(*sax_no_exception::error_string == "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: syntax error while parsing value - invalid literal; last read: 'x'");
+        delete sax_no_exception::error_string; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+    }
+
+    SECTION("issue #2825 - Properly constrain the basic_json conversion operator")
+    {
+        static_assert(std::is_copy_assignable<nlohmann::ordered_json>::value, "");
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp b/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..619342a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-serialization.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+TEST_CASE("serialization")
+{
+    SECTION("operator<<")
+    {
+        SECTION("no given width")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            ss << j;
+            CHECK(ss.str() == "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("given width")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            ss << std::setw(4) << j;
+            CHECK(ss.str() ==
+                  "[\n    \"foo\",\n    1,\n    2,\n    3,\n    false,\n    {\n        \"one\": 1\n    }\n]");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("given fill")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            ss << std::setw(1) << std::setfill('\t') << j;
+            CHECK(ss.str() ==
+                  "[\n\t\"foo\",\n\t1,\n\t2,\n\t3,\n\tfalse,\n\t{\n\t\t\"one\": 1\n\t}\n]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("operator>>")
+    {
+        SECTION("no given width")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            j >> ss;
+            CHECK(ss.str() == "[\"foo\",1,2,3,false,{\"one\":1}]");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("given width")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            ss.width(4);
+            j >> ss;
+            CHECK(ss.str() ==
+                  "[\n    \"foo\",\n    1,\n    2,\n    3,\n    false,\n    {\n        \"one\": 1\n    }\n]");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("given fill")
+        {
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            json j = {"foo", 1, 2, 3, false, {{"one", 1}}};
+            ss.width(1);
+            ss.fill('\t');
+            j >> ss;
+            CHECK(ss.str() ==
+                  "[\n\t\"foo\",\n\t1,\n\t2,\n\t3,\n\tfalse,\n\t{\n\t\t\"one\": 1\n\t}\n]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("dump")
+    {
+        SECTION("invalid character")
+        {
+            json j = "ä\xA9ü";
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.dump(), "[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 2: 0xA9");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::strict), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.dump(1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::strict), "[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 2: 0xA9");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore) == "\"äü\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"ä\xEF\xBF\xBDü\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"\\u00e4\\ufffd\\u00fc\"");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("ending with incomplete character")
+        {
+            json j = "123\xC2";
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.dump(), "[json.exception.type_error.316] incomplete UTF-8 string; last byte: 0xC2");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::strict), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore) == "\"123\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"123\xEF\xBF\xBD\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"123\\ufffd\"");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unexpected character")
+        {
+            json j = "123\xF1\xB0\x34\x35\x36";
+
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(j.dump(), "[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 5: 0x34");
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::strict), json::type_error&);
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore) == "\"123456\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"123\xEF\xBF\xBD\x34\x35\x36\"");
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"123\\ufffd456\"");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("U+FFFD Substitution of Maximal Subparts")
+        {
+            // Some tests (mostly) from
+            // https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
+            // Section 3.9 -- U+FFFD Substitution of Maximal Subparts
+
+            auto test = [&](std::string const & input, std::string const & expected)
+            {
+                json j = input;
+                CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace) == "\"" + expected + "\"");
+            };
+
+            test("\xC2", "\\ufffd");
+            test("\xC2\x41\x42", "\\ufffd" "\x41" "\x42");
+            test("\xC2\xF4", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd");
+
+            test("\xF0\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF1\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF2\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF3\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF4\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF5\x80\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+
+            test("\xF0\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF1\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF2\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF3\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF4\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF5\x90\x80\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+
+            test("\xC0\xAF\xE0\x80\xBF\xF0\x81\x82\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xED\xA0\x80\xED\xBF\xBF\xED\xAF\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+            test("\xF4\x91\x92\x93\xFF\x41\x80\xBF\x42", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41" "\\ufffd""\\ufffd" "\x42");
+            test("\xE1\x80\xE2\xF0\x91\x92\xF1\xBF\x41", "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\\ufffd" "\x41");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("to_string")
+    {
+        auto test = [&](std::string const & input, std::string const & expected)
+        {
+            using std::to_string;
+            json j = input;
+            CHECK(to_string(j) == "\"" + expected + "\"");
+        };
+
+        test(R"({"x":5,"y":6})", R"({\"x\":5,\"y\":6})");
+        test("{\"x\":[10,null,null,null]}", R"({\"x\":[10,null,null,null]})");
+        test("test", "test");
+        test("[3,\"false\",false]", R"([3,\"false\",false])");
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("serialization for extreme integer values", T, int32_t, uint32_t, int64_t, uint64_t)
+{
+    SECTION("minimum")
+    {
+        constexpr auto minimum = (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)();
+        json j = minimum;
+        CHECK(j.dump() == std::to_string(minimum));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("maximum")
+    {
+        constexpr auto maximum = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
+        json j = maximum;
+        CHECK(j.dump() == std::to_string(maximum));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("dump with binary values")
+{
+    auto binary = json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4});
+    auto binary_empty = json::binary({});
+    auto binary_with_subtype = json::binary({1, 2, 3, 4}, 128);
+    auto binary_empty_with_subtype = json::binary({}, 128);
+
+    json object = {{"key", binary}};
+    json object_empty = {{"key", binary_empty}};
+    json object_with_subtype = {{"key", binary_with_subtype}};
+    json object_empty_with_subtype = {{"key", binary_empty_with_subtype}};
+
+    json array = {"value", 1, binary};
+    json array_empty = {"value", 1, binary_empty};
+    json array_with_subtype = {"value", 1, binary_with_subtype};
+    json array_empty_with_subtype = {"value", 1, binary_empty_with_subtype};
+
+    SECTION("normal")
+    {
+        CHECK(binary.dump() == "{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":null}");
+        CHECK(binary_empty.dump() == "{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":null}");
+        CHECK(binary_with_subtype.dump() == "{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":128}");
+        CHECK(binary_empty_with_subtype.dump() == "{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":128}");
+
+        CHECK(object.dump() == "{\"key\":{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":null}}");
+        CHECK(object_empty.dump() == "{\"key\":{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":null}}");
+        CHECK(object_with_subtype.dump() == "{\"key\":{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":128}}");
+        CHECK(object_empty_with_subtype.dump() == "{\"key\":{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":128}}");
+
+        CHECK(array.dump() == "[\"value\",1,{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":null}]");
+        CHECK(array_empty.dump() == "[\"value\",1,{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":null}]");
+        CHECK(array_with_subtype.dump() == "[\"value\",1,{\"bytes\":[1,2,3,4],\"subtype\":128}]");
+        CHECK(array_empty_with_subtype.dump() == "[\"value\",1,{\"bytes\":[],\"subtype\":128}]");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("pretty-printed")
+    {
+        CHECK(binary.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "    \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(binary_empty.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "    \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(binary_with_subtype.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "    \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(binary_empty_with_subtype.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "    \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "}");
+
+        CHECK(object.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"key\": {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(object_empty.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"key\": {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(object_with_subtype.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"key\": {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "}");
+        CHECK(object_empty_with_subtype.dump(4) == "{\n"
+              "    \"key\": {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "}");
+
+        CHECK(array.dump(4) == "[\n"
+              "    \"value\",\n"
+              "    1,\n"
+              "    {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "]");
+        CHECK(array_empty.dump(4) == "[\n"
+              "    \"value\",\n"
+              "    1,\n"
+              "    {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": null\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "]");
+        CHECK(array_with_subtype.dump(4) == "[\n"
+              "    \"value\",\n"
+              "    1,\n"
+              "    {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "]");
+        CHECK(array_empty_with_subtype.dump(4) == "[\n"
+              "    \"value\",\n"
+              "    1,\n"
+              "    {\n"
+              "        \"bytes\": [],\n"
+              "        \"subtype\": 128\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "]");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp b/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f361d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-testsuites.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1412 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("compliance tests from json.org")
+{
+    // test cases are from https://json.org/JSON_checker/
+
+    SECTION("expected failures")
+    {
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail4.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail5.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail6.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail7.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail9.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail10.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail11.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail12.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail13.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail14.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail15.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail17.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail18.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail19.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail20.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail21.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail22.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail23.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail24.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail25.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail26.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail27.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail28.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail29.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail30.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail31.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail32.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail33.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(f), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("no failures with trailing literals (relaxed)")
+    {
+        // these tests fail above, because the parser does not end on EOF;
+        // they succeed when the operator>> is used, because it does not
+        // have this constraint
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail7.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail8.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/fail10.json",
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("expected passes")
+    {
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass3.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("compliance tests from nativejson-benchmark")
+{
+    // test cases from https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/blob/master/src/main.cpp
+
+    SECTION("doubles")
+    {
+        auto TEST_DOUBLE = [](const std::string & json_string, const double expected)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(json_string)
+            CAPTURE(expected)
+            CHECK(json::parse(json_string)[0].get<double>() == Approx(expected));
+        };
+
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.0]", 0.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-0.0]", -0.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.0]", 1.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1.0]", -1.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.5]", 1.5);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1.5]", -1.5);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[3.1416]", 3.1416);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1E10]", 1E10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1e10]", 1e10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1E+10]", 1E+10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1E-10]", 1E-10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1E10]", -1E10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1e10]", -1e10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1E+10]", -1E+10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1E-10]", -1E-10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.234E+10]", 1.234E+10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.234E-10]", 1.234E-10);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.79769e+308]", 1.79769e+308);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.22507e-308]", 2.22507e-308);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-1.79769e+308]", -1.79769e+308);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-2.22507e-308]", -2.22507e-308);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[4.9406564584124654e-324]", 4.9406564584124654e-324); // minimum denormal
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.2250738585072009e-308]", 2.2250738585072009e-308); // Max subnormal double
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.2250738585072014e-308]", 2.2250738585072014e-308); // Min normal positive double
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.7976931348623157e+308]", 1.7976931348623157e+308); // Max double
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1e-10000]", 0.0);                                   // must underflow
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[18446744073709551616]",
+                    18446744073709551616.0);    // 2^64 (max of uint64_t + 1, force to use double)
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[-9223372036854775809]",
+                    -9223372036854775809.0);    // -2^63 - 1(min of int64_t + 1, force to use double)
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.9868011474609375]",
+                    0.9868011474609375);          // https://github.com/miloyip/rapidjson/issues/120
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[123e34]", 123e34);                                  // Fast Path Cases In Disguise
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[45913141877270640000.0]", 45913141877270640000.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.2250738585072011e-308]",
+                    2.2250738585072011e-308);
+        //TEST_DOUBLE("[1e-00011111111111]", 0.0);
+        //TEST_DOUBLE("[-1e-00011111111111]", -0.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1e-214748363]", 0.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1e-214748364]", 0.0);
+        //TEST_DOUBLE("[1e-21474836311]", 0.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.017976931348623157e+310]", 1.7976931348623157e+308); // Max double in another form
+
+        // Since
+        // abs((2^-1022 - 2^-1074) - 2.2250738585072012e-308) = 3.109754131239141401123495768877590405345064751974375599... ¡Á 10^-324
+        // abs((2^-1022) - 2.2250738585072012e-308) = 1.830902327173324040642192159804623318305533274168872044... ¡Á 10 ^ -324
+        // So 2.2250738585072012e-308 should round to 2^-1022 = 2.2250738585072014e-308
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.2250738585072012e-308]",
+                    2.2250738585072014e-308);
+
+        // More closer to normal/subnormal boundary
+        // boundary = 2^-1022 - 2^-1075 = 2.225073858507201136057409796709131975934819546351645648... ¡Á 10^-308
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164564e-308]",
+                    2.2250738585072009e-308);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164565e-308]",
+                    2.2250738585072014e-308);
+
+        // 1.0 is in (1.0 - 2^-54, 1.0 + 2^-53)
+        // 1.0 - 2^-54 = 0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984375
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984375]", 1.0); // round to even
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984374]",
+                    0.99999999999999989); // previous double
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984376]", 1.0); // next double
+        // 1.0 + 2^-53 = 1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125]", 1.0); // round to even
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203124]", 1.0); // previous double
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126]",
+                    1.00000000000000022); // next double
+
+        // Numbers from https://github.com/floitsch/double-conversion/blob/master/test/cctest/test-strtod.cc
+
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[72057594037927928.0]", 72057594037927928.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[72057594037927936.0]", 72057594037927936.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[72057594037927932.0]", 72057594037927936.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[7205759403792793199999e-5]", 72057594037927928.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[7205759403792793200001e-5]", 72057594037927936.0);
+
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[9223372036854774784.0]", 9223372036854774784.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[9223372036854775808.0]", 9223372036854775808.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[9223372036854775296.0]", 9223372036854775808.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[922337203685477529599999e-5]", 9223372036854774784.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[922337203685477529600001e-5]", 9223372036854775808.0);
+
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[10141204801825834086073718800384]", 10141204801825834086073718800384.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[10141204801825835211973625643008]", 10141204801825835211973625643008.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[10141204801825834649023672221696]", 10141204801825835211973625643008.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1014120480182583464902367222169599999e-5]", 10141204801825834086073718800384.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[1014120480182583464902367222169600001e-5]", 10141204801825835211973625643008.0);
+
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[5708990770823838890407843763683279797179383808]",
+                    5708990770823838890407843763683279797179383808.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[5708990770823839524233143877797980545530986496]",
+                    5708990770823839524233143877797980545530986496.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[5708990770823839207320493820740630171355185152]",
+                    5708990770823839524233143877797980545530986496.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[5708990770823839207320493820740630171355185151999e-3]",
+                    5708990770823838890407843763683279797179383808.0);
+        TEST_DOUBLE("[5708990770823839207320493820740630171355185152001e-3]",
+                    5708990770823839524233143877797980545530986496.0);
+
+        {
+            std::string n1e308(312, '0');   // '1' followed by 308 '0'
+            n1e308[0] = '[';
+            n1e308[1] = '1';
+            n1e308[310] = ']';
+            n1e308[311] = '\0';
+            TEST_DOUBLE(n1e308, 1E308);
+        }
+
+        // Cover trimming
+        TEST_DOUBLE(
+            "[2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164564802342610972482222202107694551652952390813508"
+            "7914149158913039621106870086438694594645527657207407820621743379988141063267329253552286881372149012"
+            "9811224514518898490572223072852551331557550159143974763979834118019993239625482890171070818506906306"
+            "6665599493827577257201576306269066333264756530000924588831643303777979186961204949739037782970490505"
+            "1080609940730262937128958950003583799967207254304360284078895771796150945516748243471030702609144621"
+            "5722898802581825451803257070188608721131280795122334262883686223215037756666225039825343359745688844"
+            "2390026549819838548794829220689472168983109969836584681402285424333066033985088644580400103493397042"
+            "7567186443383770486037861622771738545623065874679014086723327636718751234567890123456789012345678901"
+            "e-308]",
+            2.2250738585072014e-308);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("strings")
+    {
+        auto TEST_STRING = [](const std::string & json_string, const std::string & expected)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(json_string)
+            CAPTURE(expected)
+            CHECK(json::parse(json_string)[0].get<std::string>() == expected);
+        };
+
+        TEST_STRING("[\"\"]", "");
+        TEST_STRING("[\"Hello\"]", "Hello");
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["Hello\nWorld"])", "Hello\nWorld");
+        //TEST_STRING("[\"Hello\\u0000World\"]", "Hello\0World");
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["\"\\/\b\f\n\r\t"])", "\"\\/\b\f\n\r\t");
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["\u0024"])", "$");         // Dollar sign U+0024
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["\u00A2"])", "\xC2\xA2");     // Cents sign U+00A2
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["\u20AC"])", "\xE2\x82\xAC"); // Euro sign U+20AC
+        TEST_STRING(R"(["\uD834\uDD1E"])", "\xF0\x9D\x84\x9E");  // G clef sign U+1D11E
+    }
+
+    SECTION("roundtrip")
+    {
+        // test cases are from https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/tree/master/test/data/roundtrip
+
+        for (const auto* filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip01.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip02.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip03.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip04.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip05.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip06.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip07.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip08.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip09.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip10.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip11.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip12.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip13.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip14.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip15.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip17.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip18.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip19.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip20.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip21.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip22.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip23.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip24.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip25.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip26.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip27.json",
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip28.json", // incompatible with roundtrip24
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip29.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip30.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip31.json"
+                    //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip32.json" // same as roundtrip31
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            std::string json_string( (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f) ),
+                                     (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()) );
+
+            CAPTURE(json_string)
+            json j = json::parse(json_string);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == json_string);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("test suite from json-test-suite")
+{
+    SECTION("read all sample.json")
+    {
+        // read a file with all unicode characters stored as single-character
+        // strings in a JSON array
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+
+        // the array has 3 elements
+        CHECK(j.size() == 3);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("json.org examples")
+{
+    // here, we list all JSON values from https://json.org/example
+
+    SECTION("1.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("2.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("3.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("4.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("5.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+    SECTION("FILE 1.json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&std::fclose)> f(std::fopen(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json", "r"), &std::fclose);
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f.get()));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("FILE 2.json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&std::fclose)> f(std::fopen(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json", "r"), &std::fclose);
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f.get()));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("FILE 3.json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&std::fclose)> f(std::fopen(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json", "r"), &std::fclose);
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f.get()));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("FILE 4.json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&std::fclose)> f(std::fopen(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json", "r"), &std::fclose);
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f.get()));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("FILE 5.json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&std::fclose)> f(std::fopen(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json", "r"), &std::fclose);
+        json _;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f.get()));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("RFC 8259 examples")
+{
+    // here, we list all JSON values from the RFC 8259 document
+
+    SECTION("7. Strings")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\u005C\"") == json("\\"));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"\\uD834\\uDD1E\"") == json("𝄞"));
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"𝄞\"") == json("𝄞"));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("8.3 String Comparison")
+    {
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"a\\b\"") == json::parse("\"a\u005Cb\""));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("13 Examples")
+    {
+        {
+            const auto* json_contents = R"(
+            {
+                 "Image": {
+                     "Width":  800,
+                     "Height": 600,
+                     "Title":  "View from 15th Floor",
+                     "Thumbnail": {
+                         "Url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
+                         "Height": 125,
+                         "Width":  100
+                     },
+                     "Animated" : false,
+                     "IDs": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
+                   }
+               }
+            )";
+
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(json(json_contents));
+        }
+
+        {
+            const auto* json_contents = R"(
+                [
+                    {
+                       "precision": "zip",
+                       "Latitude":  37.7668,
+                       "Longitude": -122.3959,
+                       "Address":   "",
+                       "City":      "SAN FRANCISCO",
+                       "State":     "CA",
+                       "Zip":       "94107",
+                       "Country":   "US"
+                    },
+                    {
+                       "precision": "zip",
+                       "Latitude":  37.371991,
+                       "Longitude": -122.026020,
+                       "Address":   "",
+                       "City":      "SUNNYVALE",
+                       "State":     "CA",
+                       "Zip":       "94085",
+                       "Country":   "US"
+                    }
+            ])";
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(json(json_contents));
+        }
+
+        CHECK(json::parse("\"Hello world!\"") == json("Hello world!"));
+        CHECK(json::parse("42") == json(42));
+        CHECK(json::parse("true") == json(true));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("nst's JSONTestSuite")
+{
+    SECTION("test_parsing")
+    {
+        SECTION("y")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_arraysWithSpaces.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty-string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_ending_with_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_heterogeneous.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_1_and_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_several_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_array_with_trailing_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e+1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_0e1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_after_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_close_to_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_double_huge_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_int_with_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_minus_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_one.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_negative_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_pos_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_fraction_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_underflow.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_simple_real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_neg_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_too_big_pos_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_very_big_negative_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_basic.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key_and_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_empty_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_escaped_null_in_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_extreme_numbers.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_simple.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_string_unicode.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_object_with_newlines.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_1_2_3_bytes_UTF-8_sequences.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_UTF-16_Surrogates_U+1D11E_MUSICAL_SYMBOL_G_CLEF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pair.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pairs.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_allowed_escapes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_and_u_escaped_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_doublequotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_comments.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_a.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_n.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_control_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_noncharacter.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_in_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_last_surrogates_1_and_2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_newline_uescaped.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+10FFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+1FFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+FFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_null_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_one-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_pi.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_simple_ascii.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_three-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_two-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2028_line_sep.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_u+2029_par_sep.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_uEscape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unescaped_char_delete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicodeEscapedBackslash.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+200B_ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+2064_invisible_plus.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_escaped_double_quote.json",
+                        // TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf16.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_string_with_del_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_negative_real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_true.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_string_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_trailing_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_true_in_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_structure_whitespace_array.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json j;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("n")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_1_true_without_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_a_invalid_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_colon_instead_of_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_comma_after_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_comma_and_number.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_double_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_double_extra_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_extra_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_extra_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_incomplete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_incomplete_invalid_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_inner_array_no_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_invalid_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_items_separated_by_semicolon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_just_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_just_minus.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_missing_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_newlines_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_number_and_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_number_and_several_commas.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_spaces_vertical_tab_formfeed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_star_inside.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_with_new_lines.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_with_object_inside.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_incomplete_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_incomplete_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_incomplete_true.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_++.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_+1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_+Inf.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_-01.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_-1.0..json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_-2..json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_-NaN.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_.-1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_.2e-3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0.1.2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0.3e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0.3e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0.e1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0_capital_E+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0_capital_E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_0e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e-.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_1_000.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_1eE2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_2.e+3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_2.e-3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_2.e3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_9.e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_Inf.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_NaN.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_U+FF11_fullwidth_digit_one.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_expression.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_hex_1_digit.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_hex_2_digits.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_infinity.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_invalid+-.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-negative-real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-bigger-int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_minus_infinity.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_minus_sign_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_minus_space_1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_neg_int_starting_with_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_neg_real_without_int_part.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_neg_with_garbage_at_end.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_real_garbage_after_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_real_with_invalid_utf8_after_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_real_without_fractional_part.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_starting_with_dot.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_then_00.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_with_alpha.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_with_alpha_char.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_number_with_leading_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_bad_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_bracket_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_comma_instead_of_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_double_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_emoji.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_garbage_at_end.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_key_with_single_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_missing_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_missing_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_missing_semicolon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_missing_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_no-colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_non_string_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_non_string_key_but_huge_number_instead.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_pi_in_key_and_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_repeated_null_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_several_trailing_commas.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_single_quote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open_incomplete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_two_commas_in_a_row.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_unquoted_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_unterminated-value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_with_single_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_single_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape u.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape u1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape u1x.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_UTF-16_incomplete_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_UTF8_surrogate_U+D800.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_accentuated_char_no_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_backslash_00.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_escape_x.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_backslash_bad.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_ctrl_char_tab.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_emoji.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_escaped_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_surrogate_escape_invalid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_invalid-utf-8-in-escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_backslash_esc.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_unicode_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_utf8_after_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_iso_latin_1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_leading_uescaped_thinspace.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_lone_utf8_continuation_byte.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_no_quotes_with_bad_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_overlong_sequence_2_bytes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_single_doublequote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_single_quote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_single_string_no_double_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_start_escape_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_crtl_char.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_tab.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_unicode_CapitalU.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        //!TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_100000_opening_arrays.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_3C.3E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_3Cnull3E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_U+2060_word_joined.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_UTF8_BOM_no_data.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_array_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_array_with_extra_array_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_array_with_unclosed_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_ascii-unicode-identifier.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_capitalized_True.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_close_unopened_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_comma_instead_of_closing_brace.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_double_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_end_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_incomplete_UTF8_BOM.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_lone-invalid-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_lone-open-bracket.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_no_data.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_null-byte-outside-string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_number_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_followed_by_closing_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_unclosed_no_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_with_comment.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_apostrophe.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_comma.json",
+                        //!TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_open_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_open_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_close_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_open_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_open_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_string_with_apostrophes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_open_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_single_point.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_single_star.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_trailing_#.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_uescaped_LF_before_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_partial_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_unfinished_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_unfinished_true.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_unicode-identifier.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_whitespace_U+2060_word_joiner.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_whitespace_formfeed.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(f), json::parse_error&);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("n -> y (relaxed)")
+        {
+            // these tests fail above, because the parser does not end on EOF;
+            // they succeed when the operator>> is used, because it does not
+            // have this constraint
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_comma_after_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_array_extra_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open_incomplete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_string_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_array_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_array_with_extra_array_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_close_unopened_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_double_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_number_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_followed_by_closing_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/n_structure_trailing_#.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json j;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("i -> y")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        // we do not pose a limit on nesting
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_structure_500_nested_arrays.json",
+                        // we silently ignore BOMs
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_structure_UTF-8_BOM_empty_object.json",
+                        // we accept and forward non-characters
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_unicode_U+10FFFE_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_unicode_U+1FFFE_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_unicode_U+FDD0_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_unicode_U+FFFE_nonchar.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json j;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // numbers that overflow during parsing
+        SECTION("i/y -> n (out of range)")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_number_neg_int_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_number_pos_double_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_overflow.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_overflow.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json j;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(f >> j, json::out_of_range&);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("i -> n")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_object_key_lone_2nd_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_1st_surrogate_but_2nd_missing.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_1st_valid_surrogate_2nd_invalid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-16_invalid_lonely_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-16_invalid_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-8_invalid_sequence.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_and_escape_valid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_pair.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogates_escape_valid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_inverted_surrogates_U+1D11E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_lone_second_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_not_in_unicode_range.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite/test_parsing/i_string_truncated-utf-8.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json j;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(f >> j, json::parse_error&);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("nst's JSONTestSuite (2)")
+{
+    SECTION("test_parsing")
+    {
+        SECTION("y")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_arraysWithSpaces.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_empty-string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_ending_with_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_heterogeneous.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_with_1_and_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_with_several_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_array_with_trailing_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_0e+1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_0e1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_after_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_double_close_to_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_int_with_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_minus_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_negative_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_negative_one.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_negative_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_capital_e_pos_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_fraction_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_real_pos_exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_simple_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_number_simple_real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_basic.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_duplicated_key_and_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_empty_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_escaped_null_in_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_extreme_numbers.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_long_strings.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_simple.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_string_unicode.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_object_with_newlines.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_1_2_3_bytes_UTF-8_sequences.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pair.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_accepted_surrogate_pairs.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_allowed_escapes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_and_u_escaped_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_backslash_doublequotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_comments.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_a.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_double_escape_n.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_control_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_escaped_noncharacter.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_in_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_in_array_with_leading_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_last_surrogates_1_and_2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_nbsp_uescaped.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+10FFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_nonCharacterInUTF-8_U+FFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_null_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_one-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_pi.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_reservedCharacterInUTF-8_U+1BFFF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_simple_ascii.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_surrogates_U+1D11E_MUSICAL_SYMBOL_G_CLEF.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_three-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_two-byte-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_u+2028_line_sep.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_u+2029_par_sep.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_uEscape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_uescaped_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unescaped_char_delete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicodeEscapedBackslash.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+10FFFE_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+1FFFE_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+200B_ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+2064_invisible_plus.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+FDD0_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_U+FFFE_nonchar.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_unicode_escaped_double_quote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_string_with_del_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_negative_real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_lonely_true.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_string_empty.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_trailing_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_true_in_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/y_structure_whitespace_array.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json _;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f));
+                std::ifstream f2(filename);
+                CHECK(json::accept(f2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("n")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_1_true_without_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_a_invalid_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_colon_instead_of_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_comma_after_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_comma_and_number.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_double_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_double_extra_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_extra_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_extra_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_incomplete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_incomplete_invalid_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_inner_array_no_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_invalid_utf8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_items_separated_by_semicolon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_just_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_just_minus.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_missing_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_newlines_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_number_and_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_number_and_several_commas.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_spaces_vertical_tab_formfeed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_star_inside.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_with_new_lines.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_array_unclosed_with_object_inside.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_incomplete_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_incomplete_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_incomplete_true.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_multidigit_number_then_00.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_++.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_+1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_+Inf.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_-01.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_-1.0..json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_-2..json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_-NaN.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_.-1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_.2e-3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0.1.2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0.3e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0.3e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0.e1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0_capital_E+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0_capital_E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_0e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e-.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_1.0e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_1_000.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_1eE2.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_2.e+3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_2.e-3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_2.e3.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_9.e+.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_Inf.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_NaN.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_U+FF11_fullwidth_digit_one.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_expression.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_hex_1_digit.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_hex_2_digits.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_infinity.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_invalid+-.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-negative-real.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-bigger-int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-exponent.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_invalid-utf-8-in-int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_minus_infinity.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_minus_sign_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_minus_space_1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_neg_int_starting_with_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_neg_real_without_int_part.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_neg_with_garbage_at_end.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_real_garbage_after_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_real_with_invalid_utf8_after_e.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_real_without_fractional_part.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_starting_with_dot.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_with_alpha.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_with_alpha_char.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_number_with_leading_zero.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_bad_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_bracket_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_comma_instead_of_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_double_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_emoji.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_garbage_at_end.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_key_with_single_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_lone_continuation_byte_in_key_and_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_missing_colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_missing_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_missing_semicolon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_missing_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_no-colon.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_non_string_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_non_string_key_but_huge_number_instead.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_repeated_null_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_several_trailing_commas.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_single_quote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open_incomplete.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_two_commas_in_a_row.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_unquoted_key.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_unterminated-value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_with_single_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_single_space.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape_u.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape_u1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_1_surrogate_then_escape_u1x.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_accentuated_char_no_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_backslash_00.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_escape_x.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_backslash_bad.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_ctrl_char_tab.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_escaped_emoji.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_escaped_character.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_incomplete_surrogate_escape_invalid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_invalid-utf-8-in-escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_backslash_esc.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_unicode_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_invalid_utf8_after_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_leading_uescaped_thinspace.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_no_quotes_with_bad_escape.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_single_doublequote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_single_quote.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_single_string_no_double_quotes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_start_escape_unclosed.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_crtl_char.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_newline.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_unescaped_tab.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_unicode_CapitalU.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_string_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_U+2060_word_joined.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_UTF8_BOM_no_data.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_angle_bracket_..json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_angle_bracket_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_array_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_array_with_extra_array_close.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_array_with_unclosed_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_ascii-unicode-identifier.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_capitalized_True.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_close_unopened_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_comma_instead_of_closing_brace.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_double_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_end_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_incomplete_UTF8_BOM.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_lone-invalid-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_lone-open-bracket.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_no_data.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_null-byte-outside-string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_number_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_object_followed_by_closing_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_object_unclosed_no_value.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_object_with_comment.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_object_with_trailing_garbage.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_apostrophe.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_open_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_open_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_close_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_comma.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_open_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_open_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_object_string_with_apostrophes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_open.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_single_eacute.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_single_star.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_trailing_#.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_uescaped_LF_before_string.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_partial_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_unfinished_false.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_array_unfinished_true.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unclosed_object.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_unicode-identifier.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_whitespace_U+2060_word_joiner.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_whitespace_formfeed.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(f), json::parse_error&);
+                std::ifstream f2(filename);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(f2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("n (previously overflowed)")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_100000_opening_arrays.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/n_structure_open_array_object.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(f));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("i -> y")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_double_huge_neg_exp.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_huge_exp.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_neg_int_huge_exp.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_pos_double_huge_exp.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_neg_overflow.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_pos_overflow.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_underflow.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_too_big_neg_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_too_big_pos_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_very_big_negative_int.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_object_key_lone_2nd_surrogate.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_1st_surrogate_but_2nd_missing.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_1st_valid_surrogate_2nd_invalid.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-16LE_with_BOM.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-8_invalid_sequence.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF8_surrogate_U+D800.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_and_escape_valid.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_pair.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogates_escape_valid.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_lonely_surrogate.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_surrogate.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_utf-8.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_inverted_surrogates_U+1D11E.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_iso_latin_1.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_lone_second_surrogate.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_lone_utf8_continuation_byte.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_not_in_unicode_range.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_2_bytes.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes_null.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_truncated-utf-8.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_utf16BE_no_BOM.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_utf16LE_no_BOM.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_structure_500_nested_arrays.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_structure_UTF-8_BOM_empty_object.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json _;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(f));
+                std::ifstream f2(filename);
+                CHECK(json::accept(f2));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("i -> n")
+        {
+            for (const auto* filename :
+                    {
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_double_huge_neg_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_neg_int_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_pos_double_huge_exp.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_neg_overflow.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_pos_overflow.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_real_underflow.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_too_big_neg_int.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_too_big_pos_int.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_number_very_big_negative_int.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_object_key_lone_2nd_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_1st_surrogate_but_2nd_missing.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_1st_valid_surrogate_2nd_invalid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-16LE_with_BOM.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF-8_invalid_sequence.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_UTF8_surrogate_U+D800.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_and_escape_valid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogate_pair.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_incomplete_surrogates_escape_valid.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_lonely_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_invalid_utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_inverted_surrogates_U+1D11E.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_iso_latin_1.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_lone_second_surrogate.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_lone_utf8_continuation_byte.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_not_in_unicode_range.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_2_bytes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_overlong_sequence_6_bytes_null.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_truncated-utf-8.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_utf16BE_no_BOM.json",
+                        TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_string_utf16LE_no_BOM.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_structure_500_nested_arrays.json",
+                        //TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nst_json_testsuite2/test_parsing/i_structure_UTF-8_BOM_empty_object.json"
+                    }
+                )
+            {
+                CAPTURE(filename)
+                std::ifstream f(filename);
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(f), json::exception&); // could be parse_error or out_of_range
+                std::ifstream f2(filename);
+                CHECK(!json::accept(f2));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+std::string trim(const std::string& str);
+
+// from https://stackoverflow.com/a/25829178/266378
+std::string trim(const std::string& str)
+{
+    size_t first = str.find_first_not_of(' ');
+    if (std::string::npos == first)
+    {
+        return str;
+    }
+    size_t last = str.find_last_not_of(' ');
+    return str.substr(first, (last - first + 1));
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Big List of Naughty Strings")
+{
+    // test from https://github.com/minimaxir/big-list-of-naughty-strings
+    SECTION("parsing blns.json")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/big-list-of-naughty-strings/blns.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+    }
+
+    // check if parsed strings roundtrip
+    // https://www.reddit.com/r/cpp/comments/5qpbie/json_form_modern_c_version_210/dd12mpq/
+    SECTION("roundtripping")
+    {
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/big-list-of-naughty-strings/blns.json");
+        std::string line;
+
+        // read lines one by one, bail out on error or eof
+        while (getline(f, line))
+        {
+            // trim whitespace
+            line = trim(line);
+
+            // remove trailing comma
+            line = line.substr(0, line.find_last_of(','));
+
+            // discard lines without at least two characters (quotes)
+            if (line.size() < 2)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // check roundtrip
+            CAPTURE(line)
+            json j = json::parse(line);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == line);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-to_chars.cpp b/test/src/unit-to_chars.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c21ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-to_chars.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+// XXX:
+// Only compile these tests if 'float' and 'double' are IEEE-754 single- and
+// double-precision numbers, resp.
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::detail::dtoa_impl::reinterpret_bits;
+
+namespace
+{
+float make_float(uint32_t sign_bit, uint32_t biased_exponent, uint32_t significand)
+{
+    assert(sign_bit == 0 || sign_bit == 1);
+    assert(biased_exponent <= 0xFF);
+    assert(significand <= 0x007FFFFF);
+
+    uint32_t bits = 0;
+
+    bits |= sign_bit << 31;
+    bits |= biased_exponent << 23;
+    bits |= significand;
+
+    return reinterpret_bits<float>(bits);
+}
+
+// ldexp -- convert f * 2^e to IEEE single precision
+float make_float(uint64_t f, int e)
+{
+    constexpr uint64_t kHiddenBit               = 0x00800000;
+    constexpr uint64_t kSignificandMask         = 0x007FFFFF;
+    constexpr int      kPhysicalSignificandSize = 23;  // Excludes the hidden bit.
+    constexpr int      kExponentBias            = 0x7F + kPhysicalSignificandSize;
+    constexpr int      kDenormalExponent        = 1 -    kExponentBias;
+    constexpr int      kMaxExponent             = 0xFF - kExponentBias;
+
+    while (f > kHiddenBit + kSignificandMask)
+    {
+        f >>= 1;
+        e++;
+    }
+    if (e >= kMaxExponent)
+    {
+        return std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    }
+    if (e < kDenormalExponent)
+    {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+    while (e > kDenormalExponent && (f & kHiddenBit) == 0)
+    {
+        f <<= 1;
+        e--;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t biased_exponent = (e == kDenormalExponent && (f & kHiddenBit) == 0)
+                               ? 0
+                               : static_cast<uint64_t>(e + kExponentBias);
+
+    uint64_t bits = (f & kSignificandMask) | (biased_exponent << kPhysicalSignificandSize);
+    return reinterpret_bits<float>(static_cast<uint32_t>(bits));
+}
+
+double make_double(uint64_t sign_bit, uint64_t biased_exponent, uint64_t significand)
+{
+    assert(sign_bit == 0 || sign_bit == 1);
+    assert(biased_exponent <= 0x7FF);
+    assert(significand <= 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+
+    uint64_t bits = 0;
+
+    bits |= sign_bit << 63;
+    bits |= biased_exponent << 52;
+    bits |= significand;
+
+    return reinterpret_bits<double>(bits);
+}
+
+// ldexp -- convert f * 2^e to IEEE double precision
+double make_double(uint64_t f, int e)
+{
+    constexpr uint64_t kHiddenBit               = 0x0010000000000000;
+    constexpr uint64_t kSignificandMask         = 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+    constexpr int      kPhysicalSignificandSize = 52;  // Excludes the hidden bit.
+    constexpr int      kExponentBias            = 0x3FF + kPhysicalSignificandSize;
+    constexpr int      kDenormalExponent        = 1     - kExponentBias;
+    constexpr int      kMaxExponent             = 0x7FF - kExponentBias;
+
+    while (f > kHiddenBit + kSignificandMask)
+    {
+        f >>= 1;
+        e++;
+    }
+    if (e >= kMaxExponent)
+    {
+        return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    }
+    if (e < kDenormalExponent)
+    {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+    while (e > kDenormalExponent && (f & kHiddenBit) == 0)
+    {
+        f <<= 1;
+        e--;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t biased_exponent = (e == kDenormalExponent && (f & kHiddenBit) == 0)
+                               ? 0
+                               : static_cast<uint64_t>(e + kExponentBias);
+
+    uint64_t bits = (f & kSignificandMask) | (biased_exponent << kPhysicalSignificandSize);
+    return reinterpret_bits<double>(bits);
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("digit gen")
+{
+    SECTION("single precision")
+    {
+        auto check_float = [](float number, const std::string & digits, int expected_exponent)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(number)
+            CAPTURE(digits)
+            CAPTURE(expected_exponent)
+
+            std::array<char, 32> buf{};
+            int len = 0;
+            int exponent = 0;
+            nlohmann::detail::dtoa_impl::grisu2(buf.data(), len, exponent, number);
+
+            CHECK(digits == std::string(buf.data(), buf.data() + len));
+            CHECK(expected_exponent == exponent);
+        };
+
+        check_float(make_float(0,   0, 0x00000001),        "1", -45); // min denormal
+        check_float(make_float(0,   0, 0x007FFFFF), "11754942", -45); // max denormal
+        check_float(make_float(0,   1, 0x00000000), "11754944", -45); // min normal
+        check_float(make_float(0,   1, 0x00000001), "11754945", -45);
+        check_float(make_float(0,   1, 0x007FFFFF), "23509886", -45);
+        check_float(make_float(0,   2, 0x00000000), "23509887", -45);
+        check_float(make_float(0,   2, 0x00000001),  "2350989", -44);
+        check_float(make_float(0,  24, 0x00000000), "98607613", -39); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_float(make_float(0,  30, 0x00000000), "63108872", -37); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_float(make_float(0,  31, 0x00000000), "12621775", -36); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_float(make_float(0,  57, 0x00000000), "84703295", -29); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_float(make_float(0, 254, 0x007FFFFE), "34028233",  31);
+        check_float(make_float(0, 254, 0x007FFFFF), "34028235",  31); // max normal
+
+        // V. Paxson and W. Kahan, "A Program for Testing IEEE Binary-Decimal Conversion", manuscript, May 1991,
+        // ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/testbase-report.ps.Z    (report)
+        // ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/testbase.tar.Z          (program)
+
+        // Table 16: Stress Inputs for Converting 24-bit Binary to Decimal, < 1/2 ULP
+        check_float(make_float(12676506, -102),       "25", -25);
+        check_float(make_float(12676506, -103),      "125", -26);
+        check_float(make_float(15445013,   86),     "1195",  30);
+        check_float(make_float(13734123, -138),    "39415", -39);
+        check_float(make_float(12428269, -130),   "913085", -38);
+        check_float(make_float(15334037, -146),  "1719005", -43);
+        check_float(make_float(11518287,  -41), "52379105", -13);
+        check_float(make_float(12584953, -145),  "2821644", -43);
+        check_float(make_float(15961084, -125), "37524328", -38);
+        check_float(make_float(14915817, -146), "16721209", -44);
+        check_float(make_float(10845484, -102), "21388946", -31);
+        check_float(make_float(16431059,  -61),  "7125836", -18);
+
+        // Table 17: Stress Inputs for Converting 24-bit Binary to Decimal, > 1/2 ULP
+        check_float(make_float(16093626,   69),       "95",  26);
+        check_float(make_float( 9983778,   25),      "335",  12);
+        check_float(make_float(12745034,  104),     "2585",  35);
+        check_float(make_float(12706553,   72),    "60005",  24);
+        check_float(make_float(11005028,   45),   "387205",  15);
+        check_float(make_float(15059547,   71),  "3555835",  22);
+        check_float(make_float(16015691,  -99), "25268305", -30);
+        check_float(make_float( 8667859,   56),  "6245851",  17);
+        check_float(make_float(14855922,  -82), "30721327", -25);
+        check_float(make_float(14855922,  -83), "15360663", -25);
+        check_float(make_float(10144164, -110),   "781478", -32);
+        check_float(make_float(13248074,   95), "52481028",  28);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("double precision")
+    {
+        auto check_double = [](double number, const std::string & digits, int expected_exponent)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(number)
+            CAPTURE(digits)
+            CAPTURE(expected_exponent)
+
+            std::array<char, 32> buf{};
+            int len = 0;
+            int exponent = 0;
+            nlohmann::detail::dtoa_impl::grisu2(buf.data(), len, exponent, number);
+
+            CHECK(digits == std::string(buf.data(), buf.data() + len));
+            CHECK(expected_exponent == exponent);
+        };
+
+        check_double(make_double(0,    0, 0x0000000000000001),                 "5", -324); // min denormal
+        check_double(make_double(0,    0, 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF),  "2225073858507201", -323); // max denormal
+        check_double(make_double(0,    1, 0x0000000000000000), "22250738585072014", -324); // min normal
+        check_double(make_double(0,    1, 0x0000000000000001),  "2225073858507202", -323);
+        check_double(make_double(0,    1, 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF), "44501477170144023", -324);
+        check_double(make_double(0,    2, 0x0000000000000000),  "4450147717014403", -323);
+        check_double(make_double(0,    2, 0x0000000000000001),  "4450147717014404", -323);
+        check_double(make_double(0,    4, 0x0000000000000000), "17800590868057611", -323); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_double(make_double(0,    5, 0x0000000000000000), "35601181736115222", -323); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_double(make_double(0,    6, 0x0000000000000000),  "7120236347223045", -322); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_double(make_double(0,   10, 0x0000000000000000), "11392378155556871", -321); // fail if no special case in normalized boundaries
+        check_double(make_double(0, 2046, 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFE), "17976931348623155",  292);
+        check_double(make_double(0, 2046, 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF), "17976931348623157",  292); // max normal
+
+        // Test different paths in DigitGen
+        check_double(                  10000,                 "1",    4);
+        check_double(                1200000,                "12",    5);
+        check_double(4.9406564584124654e-324,                 "5", -324); // exit integral loop
+        check_double(2.2250738585072009e-308,  "2225073858507201", -323); // exit fractional loop
+        check_double(   1.82877982605164e-99,   "182877982605164", -113);
+        check_double( 1.1505466208671903e-09, "11505466208671903",  -25);
+        check_double( 5.5645893133766722e+20,  "5564589313376672",    5);
+        check_double(     53.034830388866226, "53034830388866226",  -15);
+        check_double(  0.0021066531670178605, "21066531670178605",  -19);
+
+        // V. Paxson and W. Kahan, "A Program for Testing IEEE Binary-Decimal Conversion", manuscript, May 1991,
+        // ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/testbase-report.ps.Z    (report)
+        // ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/testbase.tar.Z          (program)
+
+        // Table 3: Stress Inputs for Converting 53-bit Binary to Decimal, < 1/2 ULP
+        check_double(make_double(8511030020275656,  -342) /*                9.5e-088 */,                "95",  -89);
+        check_double(make_double(5201988407066741,  -824) /*               4.65e-233 */,               "465", -235);
+        check_double(make_double(6406892948269899,  +237) /*              1.415e+087 */,              "1415",   84);
+        check_double(make_double(8431154198732492,   +72) /*             3.9815e+037 */,             "39815",   33);
+        check_double(make_double(6475049196144587,   +99) /*            4.10405e+045 */,            "410405",   40);
+        check_double(make_double(8274307542972842,  +726) /*           2.920845e+234 */,           "2920845",  228);
+        check_double(make_double(5381065484265332,  -456) /*          2.8919465e-122 */,          "28919465", -129);
+        check_double(make_double(6761728585499734, -1057) /*         4.37877185e-303 */,         "437877185", -311);
+        check_double(make_double(7976538478610756,  +376) /*        1.227701635e+129 */,        "1227701635",  120);
+        check_double(make_double(5982403858958067,  +377) /*       1.8415524525e+129 */,       "18415524525",  119);
+        check_double(make_double(5536995190630837,   +93) /*      5.48357443505e+043 */,      "548357443505",   32);
+        check_double(make_double(7225450889282194,  +710) /*     3.891901811465e+229 */,     "3891901811465",  217);
+        check_double(make_double(7225450889282194,  +709) /*    1.9459509057325e+229 */,    "19459509057325",  216);
+        check_double(make_double(8703372741147379,  +117) /*   1.44609583816055e+051 */,   "144609583816055",   37);
+        check_double(make_double(8944262675275217, -1001) /*  4.173677474585315e-286 */,  "4173677474585315", -301);
+        check_double(make_double(7459803696087692,  -707) /* 1.1079507728788885e-197 */, "11079507728788885", -213);
+        check_double(make_double(6080469016670379,  -381) /*  1.234550136632744e-099 */,  "1234550136632744", -114);
+        check_double(make_double(8385515147034757,  +721) /* 9.2503171196036502e+232 */,   "925031711960365",  218);
+        check_double(make_double(7514216811389786,  -828) /* 4.1980471502848898e-234 */,   "419804715028489", -248);
+        check_double(make_double(8397297803260511,  -345) /* 1.1716315319786511e-088 */, "11716315319786511", -104);
+        check_double(make_double(6733459239310543,  +202) /* 4.3281007284461249e+076 */,  "4328100728446125",   61);
+        check_double(make_double(8091450587292794,  -473) /* 3.3177101181600311e-127 */,  "3317710118160031", -142);
+
+        // Table 4: Stress Inputs for Converting 53-bit Binary to Decimal, > 1/2 ULP
+        check_double(make_double(6567258882077402,  +952) /*                2.5e+302 */,                "25",  301);
+        check_double(make_double(6712731423444934,  +535) /*               7.55e+176 */,               "755",  174);
+        check_double(make_double(6712731423444934,  +534) /*              3.775e+176 */,              "3775",  173);
+        check_double(make_double(5298405411573037,  -957) /*             4.3495e-273 */,             "43495", -277);
+        check_double(make_double(5137311167659507,  -144) /*            2.30365e-028 */,            "230365",  -33);
+        check_double(make_double(6722280709661868,  +363) /*           1.263005e+125 */,           "1263005",  119);
+        check_double(make_double(5344436398034927,  -169) /*          7.1422105e-036 */,          "71422105",  -43);
+        check_double(make_double(8369123604277281,  -853) /*         1.39345735e-241 */,         "139345735", -249);
+        check_double(make_double(8995822108487663,  -780) /*        1.414634485e-219 */,        "1414634485", -228);
+        check_double(make_double(8942832835564782,  -383) /*       4.5392779195e-100 */,       "45392779195", -110);
+        check_double(make_double(8942832835564782,  -384) /*      2.26963895975e-100 */,      "226963895975", -111);
+        check_double(make_double(8942832835564782,  -385) /*     1.134819479875e-100 */,     "1134819479875", -112);
+        check_double(make_double(6965949469487146,  -249) /*    7.7003665618895e-060 */,    "77003665618895",  -73);
+        check_double(make_double(6965949469487146,  -250) /*   3.85018328094475e-060 */,   "385018328094475",  -74);
+        check_double(make_double(6965949469487146,  -251) /*  1.925091640472375e-060 */,  "1925091640472375",  -75);
+        check_double(make_double(7487252720986826,  +548) /* 6.8985865317742005e+180 */, "68985865317742005",  164);
+        check_double(make_double(5592117679628511,  +164) /* 1.3076622631878654e+065 */, "13076622631878654",   49);
+        check_double(make_double(8887055249355788,  +665) /* 1.3605202075612124e+216 */, "13605202075612124",  200);
+        check_double(make_double(6994187472632449,  +690) /* 3.5928102174759597e+223 */, "35928102174759597",  207);
+        check_double(make_double(8797576579012143,  +588) /* 8.9125197712484552e+192 */,  "8912519771248455",  177);
+        check_double(make_double(7363326733505337,  +272) /* 5.5876975736230114e+097 */, "55876975736230114",   81);
+        check_double(make_double(8549497411294502,  -448) /* 1.1762578307285404e-119 */, "11762578307285404", -135);
+
+        // Table 20: Stress Inputs for Converting 56-bit Binary to Decimal, < 1/2 ULP
+        check_double(make_double(50883641005312716, -172) /* 8.4999999999999993e-036 */,  "8499999999999999",  -51);
+        check_double(make_double(38162730753984537, -170) /* 2.5499999999999999e-035 */,               "255",  -37);
+        check_double(make_double(50832789069151999, -101) /* 2.0049999999999997e-014 */, "20049999999999997",  -30);
+        check_double(make_double(51822367833714164, -109) /* 7.9844999999999994e-017 */,  "7984499999999999",  -32);
+        check_double(make_double(66840152193508133, -172) /* 1.1165499999999999e-035 */, "11165499999999999",  -51);
+        check_double(make_double(55111239245584393, -138) /*           1.581615e-025 */,           "1581615",  -31);
+        check_double(make_double(71704866733321482, -112) /*          1.3809855e-017 */,          "13809855",  -24);
+        check_double(make_double(67160949328233173, -142) /* 1.2046404499999999e-026 */, "12046404499999999",  -42);
+        check_double(make_double(53237141308040189, -152) /* 9.3251405449999991e-030 */,  "9325140544999999",  -45);
+        check_double(make_double(62785329394975786, -112) /*       1.2092014595e-017 */,       "12092014595",  -27);
+        check_double(make_double(48367680154689523,  -77) /* 3.2007045838499998e-007 */,      "320070458385",  -18);
+        check_double(make_double(42552223180606797, -102) /*  8.391946324354999e-015 */,  "8391946324354999",  -30);
+        check_double(make_double(63626356173011241, -112) /*    1.2253990460585e-017 */,    "12253990460585",  -30);
+        check_double(make_double(43566388595783643,  -99) /* 6.8735641489760495e-014 */,   "687356414897605",  -28);
+        check_double(make_double(54512669636675272, -159) /*  7.459816430480385e-032 */,  "7459816430480385",  -47);
+        check_double(make_double(52306490527514614, -167) /* 2.7960588398142552e-034 */,  "2796058839814255",  -49);
+        check_double(make_double(52306490527514614, -168) /* 1.3980294199071276e-034 */, "13980294199071276",  -50);
+        check_double(make_double(41024721590449423,  -89) /* 6.6279012373057359e-011 */,  "6627901237305736",  -26);
+        check_double(make_double(37664020415894738, -132) /* 6.9177880043968072e-024 */,  "6917788004396807",  -39);
+        check_double(make_double(37549883692866294,  -93) /* 3.7915693108349708e-012 */,  "3791569310834971",  -27);
+        check_double(make_double(69124110374399839, -104) /* 3.4080817676591365e-015 */, "34080817676591365",  -31);
+        check_double(make_double(69124110374399839, -105) /* 1.7040408838295683e-015 */, "17040408838295683",  -31);
+
+        // Table 21: Stress Inputs for Converting 56-bit Binary to Decimal, > 1/2 ULP
+        check_double(make_double(49517601571415211,  -94) /* 2.4999999999999998e-012 */,                "25",  -13);
+        check_double(make_double(49517601571415211,  -95) /* 1.2499999999999999e-012 */,               "125",  -14);
+        check_double(make_double(54390733528642804, -133) /* 4.9949999999999996e-024 */, "49949999999999996",  -40); // shortest: 4995e-27
+        check_double(make_double(71805402319113924, -157) /* 3.9304999999999998e-031 */, "39304999999999998",  -47); // shortest: 39305e-35
+        check_double(make_double(40435277969631694, -179) /* 5.2770499999999992e-038 */,  "5277049999999999",  -53);
+        check_double(make_double(57241991568619049, -165) /*           1.223955e-033 */,           "1223955",  -39);
+        check_double(make_double(65224162876242886,  +58) /* 1.8799584999999998e+034 */, "18799584999999998",   18);
+        check_double(make_double(70173376848895368, -138) /*         2.01387715e-025 */,         "201387715",  -33);
+        check_double(make_double(37072848117383207,  -99) /* 5.8490641049999989e-014 */,  "5849064104999999",  -29);
+        check_double(make_double(56845051585389697, -176) /* 5.9349003054999999e-037 */,       "59349003055",  -47);
+        check_double(make_double(54791673366936431, -145) /* 1.2284718039499998e-027 */, "12284718039499998",  -43);
+        check_double(make_double(66800318669106231, -169) /* 8.9270767180849991e-035 */,  "8927076718084999",  -50);
+        check_double(make_double(66800318669106231, -170) /* 4.4635383590424995e-035 */, "44635383590424995",  -51);
+        check_double(make_double(66574323440112438, -119) /* 1.0016990862549499e-019 */, "10016990862549499",  -35);
+        check_double(make_double(65645179969330963, -173) /* 5.4829412628024647e-036 */,  "5482941262802465",  -51);
+        check_double(make_double(61847254334681076, -109) /* 9.5290783281036439e-017 */,  "9529078328103644",  -32);
+        check_double(make_double(39990712921393606, -145) /* 8.9662279366405553e-028 */,  "8966227936640555",  -43);
+        check_double(make_double(59292318184400283, -149) /* 8.3086234418058538e-029 */,  "8308623441805854",  -44);
+        check_double(make_double(69116558615326153, -143) /* 6.1985873566126555e-027 */, "61985873566126555",  -43);
+        check_double(make_double(69116558615326153, -144) /* 3.0992936783063277e-027 */, "30992936783063277",  -43);
+        check_double(make_double(39462549494468513, -152) /* 6.9123512506176015e-030 */,  "6912351250617602",  -45);
+        check_double(make_double(39462549494468513, -153) /* 3.4561756253088008e-030 */,  "3456175625308801",  -45);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("formatting")
+{
+    SECTION("single precision")
+    {
+        auto check_float = [](float number, const std::string & expected)
+        {
+            std::array<char, 33> buf{};
+            char* end = nlohmann::detail::to_chars(buf.data(), buf.data() + 32, number); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+            std::string actual(buf.data(), end);
+
+            CHECK(actual == expected);
+        };
+        // %.9g
+        check_float( -1.2345e-22f, "-1.2345e-22"  ); // -1.23450004e-22
+        check_float( -1.2345e-21f, "-1.2345e-21"  ); // -1.23450002e-21
+        check_float( -1.2345e-20f, "-1.2345e-20"  ); // -1.23450002e-20
+        check_float( -1.2345e-19f, "-1.2345e-19"  ); // -1.23449999e-19
+        check_float( -1.2345e-18f, "-1.2345e-18"  ); // -1.23449996e-18
+        check_float( -1.2345e-17f, "-1.2345e-17"  ); // -1.23449998e-17
+        check_float( -1.2345e-16f, "-1.2345e-16"  ); // -1.23449996e-16
+        check_float( -1.2345e-15f, "-1.2345e-15"  ); // -1.23450002e-15
+        check_float( -1.2345e-14f, "-1.2345e-14"  ); // -1.23450004e-14
+        check_float( -1.2345e-13f, "-1.2345e-13"  ); // -1.23449997e-13
+        check_float( -1.2345e-12f, "-1.2345e-12"  ); // -1.23450002e-12
+        check_float( -1.2345e-11f, "-1.2345e-11"  ); // -1.2345e-11
+        check_float( -1.2345e-10f, "-1.2345e-10"  ); // -1.2345e-10
+        check_float( -1.2345e-9f,  "-1.2345e-09"  ); // -1.23449995e-09
+        check_float( -1.2345e-8f,  "-1.2345e-08"  ); // -1.23449997e-08
+        check_float( -1.2345e-7f,  "-1.2345e-07"  ); // -1.23449993e-07
+        check_float( -1.2345e-6f,  "-1.2345e-06"  ); // -1.23450002e-06
+        check_float( -1.2345e-5f,  "-1.2345e-05"  ); // -1.2345e-05
+        check_float( -1.2345e-4f,  "-0.00012345"  ); // -0.000123449994
+        check_float( -1.2345e-3f,  "-0.0012345"   ); // -0.00123449997
+        check_float( -1.2345e-2f,  "-0.012345"    ); // -0.0123450002
+        check_float( -1.2345e-1f,  "-0.12345"     ); // -0.123450004
+        check_float( -0.0f,        "-0.0"         ); // -0
+        check_float(  0.0f,         "0.0"         ); //  0
+        check_float(  1.2345e+0f,   "1.2345"      ); //  1.23450005
+        check_float(  1.2345e+1f,   "12.345"      ); //  12.3450003
+        check_float(  1.2345e+2f,   "123.45"      ); //  123.449997
+        check_float(  1.2345e+3f,   "1234.5"      ); //  1234.5
+        check_float(  1.2345e+4f,   "12345.0"     ); //  12345
+        check_float(  1.2345e+5f,   "123450.0"    ); //  123450
+        check_float(  1.2345e+6f,   "1.2345e+06"  ); //  1234500
+        check_float(  1.2345e+7f,   "1.2345e+07"  ); //  12345000
+        check_float(  1.2345e+8f,   "1.2345e+08"  ); //  123450000
+        check_float(  1.2345e+9f,   "1.2345e+09"  ); //  1.23449997e+09
+        check_float(  1.2345e+10f,  "1.2345e+10"  ); //  1.23449999e+10
+        check_float(  1.2345e+11f,  "1.2345e+11"  ); //  1.23449999e+11
+        check_float(  1.2345e+12f,  "1.2345e+12"  ); //  1.23450006e+12
+        check_float(  1.2345e+13f,  "1.2345e+13"  ); //  1.23449995e+13
+        check_float(  1.2345e+14f,  "1.2345e+14"  ); //  1.23450002e+14
+        check_float(  1.2345e+15f,  "1.2345e+15"  ); //  1.23450003e+15
+        check_float(  1.2345e+16f,  "1.2345e+16"  ); //  1.23449998e+16
+        check_float(  1.2345e+17f,  "1.2345e+17"  ); //  1.23449996e+17
+        check_float(  1.2345e+18f,  "1.2345e+18"  ); //  1.23450004e+18
+        check_float(  1.2345e+19f,  "1.2345e+19"  ); //  1.23449999e+19
+        check_float(  1.2345e+20f,  "1.2345e+20"  ); //  1.23449999e+20
+        check_float(  1.2345e+21f,  "1.2345e+21"  ); //  1.23449999e+21
+        check_float(  1.2345e+22f,  "1.2345e+22"  ); //  1.23450005e+22
+    }
+
+    SECTION("double precision")
+    {
+        auto check_double = [](double number, const std::string & expected)
+        {
+            std::array<char, 33> buf{};
+            char* end = nlohmann::detail::to_chars(buf.data(), buf.data() + 32, number); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+            std::string actual(buf.data(), end);
+
+            CHECK(actual == expected);
+        };
+        //                           dtoa                           %.15g                     %.17g                     shortest
+        check_double( -1.2345e-22,  "-1.2345e-22"             ); // -1.2345e-22               -1.2345000000000001e-22   -1.2345e-22
+        check_double( -1.2345e-21,  "-1.2345e-21"             ); // -1.2345e-21               -1.2345000000000001e-21   -1.2345e-21
+        check_double( -1.2345e-20,  "-1.2345e-20"             ); // -1.2345e-20               -1.2345e-20               -1.2345e-20
+        check_double( -1.2345e-19,  "-1.2345e-19"             ); // -1.2345e-19               -1.2345000000000001e-19   -1.2345e-19
+        check_double( -1.2345e-18,  "-1.2345e-18"             ); // -1.2345e-18               -1.2345000000000001e-18   -1.2345e-18
+        check_double( -1.2345e-17,  "-1.2345e-17"             ); // -1.2345e-17               -1.2345e-17               -1.2345e-17
+        check_double( -1.2345e-16,  "-1.2345e-16"             ); // -1.2345e-16               -1.2344999999999999e-16   -1.2345e-16
+        check_double( -1.2345e-15,  "-1.2345e-15"             ); // -1.2345e-15               -1.2345e-15               -1.2345e-15
+        check_double( -1.2345e-14,  "-1.2345e-14"             ); // -1.2345e-14               -1.2345e-14               -1.2345e-14
+        check_double( -1.2345e-13,  "-1.2345e-13"             ); // -1.2345e-13               -1.2344999999999999e-13   -1.2345e-13
+        check_double( -1.2345e-12,  "-1.2345e-12"             ); // -1.2345e-12               -1.2345e-12               -1.2345e-12
+        check_double( -1.2345e-11,  "-1.2345e-11"             ); // -1.2345e-11               -1.2345e-11               -1.2345e-11
+        check_double( -1.2345e-10,  "-1.2345e-10"             ); // -1.2345e-10               -1.2345e-10               -1.2345e-10
+        check_double( -1.2345e-9,   "-1.2345e-09"             ); // -1.2345e-09               -1.2345e-09               -1.2345e-9
+        check_double( -1.2345e-8,   "-1.2345e-08"             ); // -1.2345e-08               -1.2345000000000001e-08   -1.2345e-8
+        check_double( -1.2345e-7,   "-1.2345e-07"             ); // -1.2345e-07               -1.2345000000000001e-07   -1.2345e-7
+        check_double( -1.2345e-6,   "-1.2345e-06"             ); // -1.2345e-06               -1.2345e-06               -1.2345e-6
+        check_double( -1.2345e-5,   "-1.2345e-05"             ); // -1.2345e-05               -1.2345e-05               -1.2345e-5
+        check_double( -1.2345e-4,   "-0.00012345"             ); // -0.00012345               -0.00012344999999999999   -0.00012345
+        check_double( -1.2345e-3,   "-0.0012345"              ); // -0.0012345                -0.0012344999999999999    -0.0012345
+        check_double( -1.2345e-2,   "-0.012345"               ); // -0.012345                 -0.012345                 -0.012345
+        check_double( -1.2345e-1,   "-0.12345"                ); // -0.12345                  -0.12345                  -0.12345
+        check_double( -0.0,         "-0.0"                    ); // -0                        -0                        -0
+        check_double(  0.0,          "0.0"                    ); //  0                         0                         0
+        check_double(  1.2345e+0,    "1.2345"                 ); //  1.2345                    1.2344999999999999        1.2345
+        check_double(  1.2345e+1,    "12.345"                 ); //  12.345                    12.345000000000001        12.345
+        check_double(  1.2345e+2,    "123.45"                 ); //  123.45                    123.45                    123.45
+        check_double(  1.2345e+3,    "1234.5"                 ); //  1234.5                    1234.5                    1234.5
+        check_double(  1.2345e+4,    "12345.0"                ); //  12345                     12345                     12345
+        check_double(  1.2345e+5,    "123450.0"               ); //  123450                    123450                    123450
+        check_double(  1.2345e+6,    "1234500.0"              ); //  1234500                   1234500                   1234500
+        check_double(  1.2345e+7,    "12345000.0"             ); //  12345000                  12345000                  12345000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+8,    "123450000.0"            ); //  123450000                 123450000                 123450000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+9,    "1234500000.0"           ); //  1234500000                1234500000                1234500000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+10,   "12345000000.0"          ); //  12345000000               12345000000               12345000000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+11,   "123450000000.0"         ); //  123450000000              123450000000              123450000000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+12,   "1234500000000.0"        ); //  1234500000000             1234500000000             1234500000000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+13,   "12345000000000.0"       ); //  12345000000000            12345000000000            12345000000000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+14,   "123450000000000.0"      ); //  123450000000000           123450000000000           123450000000000
+        check_double(  1.2345e+15,   "1.2345e+15"             ); //  1.2345e+15                1234500000000000          1.2345e15
+        check_double(  1.2345e+16,   "1.2345e+16"             ); //  1.2345e+16                12345000000000000         1.2345e16
+        check_double(  1.2345e+17,   "1.2345e+17"             ); //  1.2345e+17                1.2345e+17                1.2345e17
+        check_double(  1.2345e+18,   "1.2345e+18"             ); //  1.2345e+18                1.2345e+18                1.2345e18
+        check_double(  1.2345e+19,   "1.2345e+19"             ); //  1.2345e+19                1.2345e+19                1.2345e19
+        check_double(  1.2345e+20,   "1.2345e+20"             ); //  1.2345e+20                1.2345e+20                1.2345e20
+        check_double(  1.2345e+21,   "1.2344999999999999e+21" ); //  1.2345e+21                1.2344999999999999e+21    1.2345e21
+        check_double(  1.2345e+22,   "1.2345e+22"             ); //  1.2345e+22                1.2345e+22                1.2345e22
+    }
+
+    SECTION("integer")
+    {
+        auto check_integer = [](std::int64_t number, const std::string & expected)
+        {
+            nlohmann::json j = number;
+            CHECK(j.dump() == expected);
+        };
+
+        // edge cases
+        check_integer(INT64_MIN, "-9223372036854775808");
+        check_integer(INT64_MAX, "9223372036854775807");
+
+        // few random big integers
+        check_integer(-3456789012345678901LL, "-3456789012345678901");
+        check_integer(3456789012345678901LL, "3456789012345678901");
+        check_integer(-5678901234567890123LL, "-5678901234567890123");
+        check_integer(5678901234567890123LL, "5678901234567890123");
+
+        // integers with various digit counts
+        check_integer(-1000000000000000000LL, "-1000000000000000000");
+        check_integer(-100000000000000000LL, "-100000000000000000");
+        check_integer(-10000000000000000LL, "-10000000000000000");
+        check_integer(-1000000000000000LL, "-1000000000000000");
+        check_integer(-100000000000000LL, "-100000000000000");
+        check_integer(-10000000000000LL, "-10000000000000");
+        check_integer(-1000000000000LL, "-1000000000000");
+        check_integer(-100000000000LL, "-100000000000");
+        check_integer(-10000000000LL, "-10000000000");
+        check_integer(-1000000000LL, "-1000000000");
+        check_integer(-100000000LL, "-100000000");
+        check_integer(-10000000LL, "-10000000");
+        check_integer(-1000000LL, "-1000000");
+        check_integer(-100000LL, "-100000");
+        check_integer(-10000LL, "-10000");
+        check_integer(-1000LL, "-1000");
+        check_integer(-100LL, "-100");
+        check_integer(-10LL, "-10");
+        check_integer(-1LL, "-1");
+        check_integer(0, "0");
+        check_integer(1LL, "1");
+        check_integer(10LL, "10");
+        check_integer(100LL, "100");
+        check_integer(1000LL, "1000");
+        check_integer(10000LL, "10000");
+        check_integer(100000LL, "100000");
+        check_integer(1000000LL, "1000000");
+        check_integer(10000000LL, "10000000");
+        check_integer(100000000LL, "100000000");
+        check_integer(1000000000LL, "1000000000");
+        check_integer(10000000000LL, "10000000000");
+        check_integer(100000000000LL, "100000000000");
+        check_integer(1000000000000LL, "1000000000000");
+        check_integer(10000000000000LL, "10000000000000");
+        check_integer(100000000000000LL, "100000000000000");
+        check_integer(1000000000000000LL, "1000000000000000");
+        check_integer(10000000000000000LL, "10000000000000000");
+        check_integer(100000000000000000LL, "100000000000000000");
+        check_integer(1000000000000000000LL, "1000000000000000000");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-ubjson.cpp b/test/src/unit-ubjson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa8fd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-ubjson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2570 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <set>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+#include "test_utils.hpp"
+
+namespace
+{
+class SaxCountdown
+{
+  public:
+    explicit SaxCountdown(const int count) : events_left(count)
+    {}
+
+    bool null()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool boolean(bool /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_integer(json::number_integer_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_unsigned(json::number_unsigned_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool number_float(json::number_float_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool string(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_object(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool key(std::string& /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_object()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool start_array(std::size_t /*unused*/)
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool end_array()
+    {
+        return events_left-- > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool parse_error(std::size_t /*unused*/, const std::string& /*unused*/, const json::exception& /*unused*/) // NOLINT(readability-convert-member-functions-to-static)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int events_left = 0;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("UBJSON")
+{
+    SECTION("individual values")
+    {
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            // discarded values are not serialized
+            json j = json::value_t::discarded;
+            const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+            CHECK(result.empty());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("null")
+        {
+            json j = nullptr;
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'Z'};
+            const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+            CHECK(result == expected);
+
+            // roundtrip
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("boolean")
+        {
+            SECTION("true")
+            {
+                json j = true;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'T'};
+                const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("false")
+            {
+                json j = false;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'F'};
+                const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                // roundtrip
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("signed")
+            {
+                SECTION("-9223372036854775808..-2147483649 (int64)")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int64_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back((std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min)());
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000000LL);
+                    numbers.push_back(-2147483649LL);
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('L'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 56) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 48) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 40) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 32) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'L');
+                        int64_t restored = (static_cast<int64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                           (static_cast<int64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                           static_cast<int64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-2147483648..-32769 (int32)")
+                {
+                    std::vector<int32_t> numbers;
+                    numbers.push_back(-32769);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-10000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-100000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-1000000000);
+                    numbers.push_back(-2147483647 - 1); // https://stackoverflow.com/a/29356002/266378
+                    for (auto i : numbers)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('l'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'l');
+                        int32_t restored = (static_cast<int32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                           (static_cast<int32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                           (static_cast<int32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                           static_cast<int32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-32768..-129 (int16)")
+                {
+                    for (int32_t i = -32768; i <= -129; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('I'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'I');
+                        auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>(((result[1] << 8) + result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-9263 (int16)")
+                {
+                    json j = -9263;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'I', 0xdb, 0xd1};
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                    // check individual bytes
+                    CHECK(result[0] == 'I');
+                    auto restored = static_cast<int16_t>(((result[1] << 8) + result[2]));
+                    CHECK(restored == -9263);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("-128..-1 (int8)")
+                {
+                    for (auto i = -128; i <= -1; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('i');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'i');
+                        CHECK(static_cast<int8_t>(result[1]) == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("0..127 (int8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 127; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('i'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'i');
+                        CHECK(result[1] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("128..255 (uint8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 128; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('U'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'U');
+                        CHECK(result[1] == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..32767 (int16)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 32767; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>('I'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'I');
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..2147483647 (int32)")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('l');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'l');
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("2147483648..9223372036854775807 (int64)")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint64_t> v = {2147483648ul, 9223372036854775807ul};
+                    for (uint64_t i : v)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = -1;
+                        j.get_ref<json::number_integer_t&>() = static_cast<json::number_integer_t>(i);
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('L');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'L');
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("unsigned")
+            {
+                SECTION("0..127 (int8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i <= 127; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('i');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'i');
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("128..255 (uint8)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 128; i <= 255; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('U');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 2);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'U');
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("256..32767 (int16)")
+                {
+                    for (size_t i = 256; i <= 32767; ++i)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('I');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 3);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'I');
+                        auto restored = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(result[1]) * 256 + static_cast<uint8_t>(result[2]));
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("65536..2147483647 (int32)")
+                {
+                    for (uint32_t i :
+                            {
+                                65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                            })
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with unsigned integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('l');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 24) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 16) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 8) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 5);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'l');
+                        uint32_t restored = (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[1]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[2]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint32_t>(result[3]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint32_t>(result[4]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                SECTION("2147483648..9223372036854775807 (int64)")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint64_t> v = {2147483648ul, 9223372036854775807ul};
+                    for (uint64_t i : v)
+                    {
+                        CAPTURE(i)
+
+                        // create JSON value with integer number
+                        json j = i;
+
+                        // check type
+                        CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                        // create expected byte vector
+                        std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                        expected.push_back('L');
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 070) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 060) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 050) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 040) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 030) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 020) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((i >> 010) & 0xff));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i & 0xff));
+
+                        // compare result + size
+                        const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                        CHECK(result == expected);
+                        CHECK(result.size() == 9);
+
+                        // check individual bytes
+                        CHECK(result[0] == 'L');
+                        uint64_t restored = (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[1]) << 070) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[2]) << 060) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[3]) << 050) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[4]) << 040) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[5]) << 030) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[6]) << 020) +
+                                            (static_cast<uint64_t>(result[7]) << 010) +
+                                            static_cast<uint64_t>(result[8]);
+                        CHECK(restored == i);
+
+                        // roundtrip
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("float64")
+            {
+                SECTION("3.1415925")
+                {
+                    double v = 3.1415925;
+                    json j = v;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        'D', 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x3f, 0xa6, 0xde, 0xfc
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == v);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("high-precision number")
+            {
+                SECTION("unsigned integer number")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'H', 'i', 0x14, '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0'};
+                    const auto j = json::from_ubjson(vec);
+                    CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+                    CHECK(j.dump() == "12345678901234567890");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("signed integer number")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'H', 'i', 0x13, '-', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8'};
+                    const auto j = json::from_ubjson(vec);
+                    CHECK(j.is_number_integer());
+                    CHECK(j.dump() == "-123456789012345678");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("floating-point number")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'H', 'i', 0x16, '3', '.', '1', '4', '1', '5', '9',  '2', '6', '5', '3', '5', '8', '9',  '7', '9', '3', '2', '3', '8', '4',  '6'};
+                    const auto j = json::from_ubjson(vec);
+                    CHECK(j.is_number_float());
+                    CHECK(j.dump() == "3.141592653589793");
+                }
+
+                SECTION("errors")
+                {
+                    // error while parsing length
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec0 = {'H', 'i'};
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vec0, true, false).is_discarded());
+                    // error while parsing string
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec1 = {'H', 'i', '1'};
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vec1, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+                    json _;
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec2 = {'H', 'i', 2, '1', 'A', '3'};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vec2), "[json.exception.parse_error.115] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1A", json::parse_error);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec3 = {'H', 'i', 2, '1', '.'};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vec3), "[json.exception.parse_error.115] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1.", json::parse_error);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec4 = {'H', 2, '1', '0'};
+                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vec4), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L) after '#'; last byte: 0x02", json::parse_error);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("serialization")
+                {
+                    // number that does not fit int64
+                    json j = 11111111111111111111ULL;
+                    CHECK(j.is_number_unsigned());
+
+                    // number will be serialized to high-precision number
+                    const auto vec = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'H', 'i', 0x14, '1',  '1',  '1',  '1',  '1', '1',  '1',  '1',  '1',  '1', '1',  '1',  '1',  '1',  '1', '1',  '1',  '1',  '1',  '1'};
+                    CHECK(vec == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vec) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("string")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..127")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 0; N <= 127; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back('S');
+                    expected.push_back('i');
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 128..255")
+            {
+                for (size_t N = 128; N <= 255; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back('S');
+                    expected.push_back('U');
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back('x');
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 3);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..32767")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 32767u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 'I');
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 'S');
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 4);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 65536..2147483647")
+            {
+                for (size_t N :
+                        {
+                            65536u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with string containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::string(N, 'x');
+                    json j = s;
+
+                    // create expected byte vector (hack: create string first)
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(N, 'x');
+                    // reverse order of commands, because we insert at begin()
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>(N & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), static_cast<uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xff));
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 'l');
+                    expected.insert(expected.begin(), 'S');
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 6);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("binary")
+        {
+            SECTION("N = 0..127")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N = 0; N <= 127; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('['));
+                    if (N != 0)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('$'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('U'));
+                    }
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('#'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('i'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    if (N == 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.size() == N + 4);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.size() == N + 6);
+                    }
+
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    if (N > 0)
+                    {
+                        CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+                    }
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 128..255")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N = 128; N <= 255; ++N)
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('['));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('$'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('U'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('#'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('U'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(0x78);
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 6);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 256..32767")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            256u, 999u, 1025u, 3333u, 2048u, 32767u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected(N + 7, 'x');
+                    expected[0] = '[';
+                    expected[1] = '$';
+                    expected[2] = 'U';
+                    expected[3] = '#';
+                    expected[4] = 'I';
+                    expected[5] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xFF);
+                    expected[6] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N & 0xFF);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 7);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("N = 32768..2147483647")
+            {
+                for (std::size_t N :
+                        {
+                            32768u, 77777u, 1048576u
+                        })
+                {
+                    CAPTURE(N)
+
+                    // create JSON value with byte array containing of N * 'x'
+                    const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                    json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                    // create expected byte vector
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected(N + 9, 'x');
+                    expected[0] = '[';
+                    expected[1] = '$';
+                    expected[2] = 'U';
+                    expected[3] = '#';
+                    expected[4] = 'l';
+                    expected[5] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 24) & 0xFF);
+                    expected[6] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 16) & 0xFF);
+                    expected[7] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((N >> 8) & 0xFF);
+                    expected[8] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N & 0xFF);
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 9);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Other Serializations")
+            {
+                const std::size_t N = 10;
+                const auto s = std::vector<std::uint8_t>(N, 'x');
+                json j = json::binary(s);
+
+                SECTION("No Count No Type")
+                {
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('['));
+                    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('U'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x78));
+                    }
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(']'));
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, false, false);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 12);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("Yes Count No Type")
+                {
+                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected;
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('['));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('#'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('i'));
+                    expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(N));
+
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+                    {
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>('U'));
+                        expected.push_back(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x78));
+                    }
+
+                    // compare result + size
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, false);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+                    CHECK(result.size() == N + 14);
+                    // check that no null byte is appended
+                    CHECK(result.back() != '\x00');
+
+                    // roundtrip only works to an array of numbers
+                    json j_out = s;
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j_out);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j_out);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::array();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', ']'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::array();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = json::array();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[null]")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = {nullptr};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', 'Z', ']'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = {nullptr};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '#', 'i', 1, 'Z'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = {nullptr};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'i', 1};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[1,2,3,4,5]")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', 'i', 1, 'i', 2, 'i', 3, 'i', 4, 'i', 5, ']'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '#', 'i', 5, 'i', 1, 'i', 2, 'i', 3, 'i', 4, 'i', 5};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("[[[[]]]]")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[[[[]]]]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '[', '[', '[', ']', ']', ']', ']'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[[[[]]]]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '#', 'i', 1, '[', '#', 'i', 1, '[', '#', 'i', 1, '[', '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse("[[[[]]]]");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', '[', '#', 'i', 1, '$', '[', '#', 'i', 1, '$', '[', '#', 'i', 1, '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array with uint16_t elements")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j(257, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 2, 'Z'); // all null
+                    expected[0] = '['; // opening array
+                    expected[258] = ']'; // closing array
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j(257, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 5, 'Z'); // all null
+                    expected[0] = '['; // opening array
+                    expected[1] = '#'; // array size
+                    expected[2] = 'I'; // int16
+                    expected[3] = 0x01; // 0x0101, first byte
+                    expected[4] = 0x01; // 0x0101, second byte
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j(257, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'I', 0x01, 0x01};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array with uint32_t elements")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j(65793, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 2, 'Z'); // all null
+                    expected[0] = '['; // opening array
+                    expected[65794] = ']'; // closing array
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j(65793, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected(j.size() + 7, 'Z'); // all null
+                    expected[0] = '['; // opening array
+                    expected[1] = '#'; // array size
+                    expected[2] = 'l'; // int32
+                    expected[3] = 0x00; // 0x00010101, first byte
+                    expected[4] = 0x01; // 0x00010101, second byte
+                    expected[5] = 0x01; // 0x00010101, third byte
+                    expected[6] = 0x01; // 0x00010101, fourth byte
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j(65793, nullptr);
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'l', 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("object")
+        {
+            SECTION("empty")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::object();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', '}'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::object();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = json::object();
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', '#', 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"\":null}")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = {{"", nullptr}};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', 'i', 0, 'Z', '}'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = {{"", nullptr}};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 0, 'Z'};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = {{"", nullptr}};
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'{', '$', 'Z', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 0};
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("{\"a\": {\"b\": {\"c\": {}}}}")
+            {
+                SECTION("size=false type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse(R"({"a": {"b": {"c": {}}}})");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        '{', 'i', 1, 'a', '{', 'i', 1, 'b', '{', 'i', 1, 'c', '{', '}', '}', '}', '}'
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=false")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse(R"({"a": {"b": {"c": {}}}})");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'a', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'b', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'c', '{', '#', 'i', 0
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+
+                SECTION("size=true type=true")
+                {
+                    json j = json::parse(R"({"a": {"b": {"c": {}}}})");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> expected =
+                    {
+                        '{', '$', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'a', '$', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'b', '$', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 1, 'c', '#', 'i', 0
+                    };
+                    const auto result = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true);
+                    CHECK(result == expected);
+
+                    // roundtrip
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result) == j);
+                    CHECK(json::from_ubjson(result, true, false) == j);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("strict mode")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vec = {'Z', 'Z'};
+            SECTION("non-strict mode")
+            {
+                const auto result = json::from_ubjson(vec, false);
+                CHECK(result == json());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("strict mode")
+            {
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vec), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vec),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: expected end of input; last byte: 0x5A");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("excessive size")
+        {
+            SECTION("array")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_ubjson = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'L', 0x78, 0x28, 0x00, 0x68, 0x28, 0x69, 0x69, 0x17};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+
+                json j;
+                nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser<json> scp(j, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                });
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::sax_parse(v_ubjson, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("object")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_ubjson = {'{', '$', 'Z', '#', 'L', 0x78, 0x28, 0x00, 0x68, 0x28, 0x69, 0x69, 0x17};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+
+                json j;
+                nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser<json> scp(j, [](int /*unused*/, json::parse_event_t /*unused*/, const json& /*unused*/)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                });
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::sax_parse(v_ubjson, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson), json::out_of_range&);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("SAX aborts")
+    {
+        SECTION("start_array()")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', 'T', 'F', ']'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("start_object()")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'F', '}'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("key() in object")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'F', '}'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(1);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("start_array(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '#', 'i', '2', 'T', 'F'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("start_object(len)")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '#', 'i', '1', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'F'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(0);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("key() in object with length")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'F', '}'};
+            SaxCountdown scp(1);
+            CHECK(!json::sax_parse(v, &scp, json::input_format_t::ubjson));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parsing values")
+    {
+        SECTION("strings")
+        {
+            // create a single-character string for all number types
+            std::vector<uint8_t> s_i = {'S', 'i', 1, 'a'};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> s_U = {'S', 'U', 1, 'a'};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> s_I = {'S', 'I', 0, 1, 'a'};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> s_l = {'S', 'l', 0, 0, 0, 1, 'a'};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> s_L = {'S', 'L', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 'a'};
+
+            // check if string is parsed correctly to "a"
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(s_i) == "a");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(s_U) == "a");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(s_I) == "a");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(s_l) == "a");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(s_L) == "a");
+
+            // roundtrip: output should be optimized
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(s_i)) == s_i);
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(s_U)) == s_i);
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(s_I)) == s_i);
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(s_l)) == s_i);
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(s_L)) == s_i);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("number")
+        {
+            SECTION("float")
+            {
+                // float32
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_d = {'d', 0x40, 0x49, 0x0f, 0xd0};
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_d) == 3.14159f);
+
+                // float64
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_D = {'D', 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xf9, 0xf0, 0x1b, 0x86, 0x6e};
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_D) == 3.14159);
+
+                // float32 is serialized as float64 as the library does not support float32
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_d)) == json::to_ubjson(3.14159f));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("optimized version (length only)")
+            {
+                // create vector with two elements of the same type
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_TU = {'[', '#', 'U', 2, 'T', 'T'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_T = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'T', 'T'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_F = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'F', 'F'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_Z = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'Z', 'Z'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_i = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 0x7F, 'i', 0x7F};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_U = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'U', 0xFF, 'U', 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_I = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'I', 0x7F, 0xFF, 'I', 0x7F, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_l = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'l', 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 'l', 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_L = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'L', 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 'L', 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_D = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'D', 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x4d, 0x12, 0xd8, 0x4a, 'D', 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x4d, 0x12, 0xd8, 0x4a};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_S = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'S', 'i', 1, 'a', 'S', 'i', 1, 'a'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_C = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'C', 'a', 'C', 'a'};
+
+                // check if vector is parsed correctly
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_TU) == json({true, true}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_T) == json({true, true}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_F) == json({false, false}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_Z) == json({nullptr, nullptr}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_i) == json({127, 127}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_U) == json({255, 255}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_I) == json({32767, 32767}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_l) == json({2147483647, 2147483647}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_L) == json({9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_D) == json({3.1415926, 3.1415926}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_S) == json({"a", "a"}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_C) == json({"a", "a"}));
+
+                // roundtrip: output should be optimized
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_T), true) == v_T);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_F), true) == v_F);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_Z), true) == v_Z);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_i), true) == v_i);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_U), true) == v_U);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_I), true) == v_I);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_l), true) == v_l);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_L), true) == v_L);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_D), true) == v_D);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_S), true) == v_S);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_C), true) == v_S); // char is serialized to string
+            }
+
+            SECTION("optimized version (type and length)")
+            {
+                // create vector with two elements of the same type
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_N = {'[', '$', 'N', '#', 'i', 2};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_T = {'[', '$', 'T', '#', 'i', 2};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_F = {'[', '$', 'F', '#', 'i', 2};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_Z = {'[', '$', 'Z', '#', 'i', 2};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_i = {'[', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 2, 0x7F, 0x7F};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_U = {'[', '$', 'U', '#', 'i', 2, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_I = {'[', '$', 'I', '#', 'i', 2, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_l = {'[', '$', 'l', '#', 'i', 2, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_L = {'[', '$', 'L', '#', 'i', 2, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_D = {'[', '$', 'D', '#', 'i', 2, 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x4d, 0x12, 0xd8, 0x4a, 0x40, 0x09, 0x21, 0xfb, 0x4d, 0x12, 0xd8, 0x4a};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_S = {'[', '$', 'S', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'a', 'i', 1, 'a'};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_C = {'[', '$', 'C', '#', 'i', 2, 'a', 'a'};
+
+                // check if vector is parsed correctly
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_N) == json::array());
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_T) == json({true, true}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_F) == json({false, false}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_Z) == json({nullptr, nullptr}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_i) == json({127, 127}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_U) == json({255, 255}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_I) == json({32767, 32767}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_l) == json({2147483647, 2147483647}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_L) == json({9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_D) == json({3.1415926, 3.1415926}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_S) == json({"a", "a"}));
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_C) == json({"a", "a"}));
+
+                // roundtrip: output should be optimized
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v_empty = {'[', '#', 'i', 0};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_N), true, true) == v_empty);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_T), true, true) == v_T);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_F), true, true) == v_F);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_Z), true, true) == v_Z);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_i), true, true) == v_i);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_U), true, true) == v_U);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_I), true, true) == v_I);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_l), true, true) == v_l);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_L), true, true) == v_L);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_D), true, true) == v_D);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_S), true, true) == v_S);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(json::from_ubjson(v_C), true, true) == v_S); // char is serialized to string
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("parse errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("empty byte vector")
+        {
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(std::vector<uint8_t>()), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(std::vector<uint8_t>()),
+                              "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("char")
+        {
+            SECTION("eof after C byte")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'C'};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON char: unexpected end of input");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("byte out of range")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'C', 130};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON char: byte after 'C' must be in range 0x00..0x7F; last byte: 0x82");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("strings")
+        {
+            SECTION("eof after S byte")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S'};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            }
+
+            SECTION("invalid byte")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S', '1', 'a'};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON string: expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L); last byte: 0x31");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("array")
+        {
+            SECTION("optimized array: no size following type")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '$', 'i', 2};
+                json _;
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x02");
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("strings")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vS = {'S'};
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vS, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S', 'i', '2', 'a'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON string: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vC = {'C'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vC), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vC), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON char: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vC, true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("sizes")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vU = {'[', '#', 'U'};
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vU), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vU), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vU, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vi = {'[', '#', 'i'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vi), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vi), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vi, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vI = {'[', '#', 'I'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vI), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vI), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vI, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vl = {'[', '#', 'l'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vl), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vl), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vl, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vL = {'[', '#', 'L'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vL), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vL), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vL, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v0 = {'[', '#', 'T', ']'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v0), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v0), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: expected length type specification (U, i, I, l, L) after '#'; last byte: 0x54");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v0, true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("types")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v0 = {'[', '$'};
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v0), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v0), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing UBJSON type: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v0, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vi = {'[', '$', '#'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vi), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vi), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vi, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vT = {'[', '$', 'T'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vT), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vT), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vT, true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("arrays")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vST = {'[', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 2, 1};
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vST, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vS = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 7: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vS, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', 'i', 2, 'i', 1};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 6: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v, true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+
+        SECTION("objects")
+        {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vST = {'{', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'a', 1};
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 11: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vST, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vT = {'{', '$', 'i', 'i', 1, 'a', 1};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vT), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vT), "[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x69");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vT, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vS = {'{', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'a', 'i', 1};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vS), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 10: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vS, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 1, 'a', 'i', 1};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 7: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v2 = {'{', 'i', 1, 'a', 'i', 1, 'i'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v2), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v2), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v2, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v3 = {'{', 'i', 1, 'a'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(v3), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(v3), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v3, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vST1 = {'{', '$', 'd', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'a'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST1), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST1), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 10: syntax error while parsing UBJSON number: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vST1, true, false).is_discarded());
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> vST2 = {'{', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'a'};
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST2), json::parse_error&);
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::from_ubjson(vST2), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: unexpected end of input");
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(vST2, true, false).is_discarded());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("writing optimized values")
+    {
+        SECTION("integer")
+        {
+            SECTION("array of i")
+            {
+                json j = {1, -1};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 2, 1, 0xff};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of U")
+            {
+                json j = {200, 201};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'U', '#', 'i', 2, 0xC8, 0xC9};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of I")
+            {
+                json j = {30000, -30000};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'I', '#', 'i', 2, 0x75, 0x30, 0x8a, 0xd0};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of l")
+            {
+                json j = {70000, -70000};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'l', '#', 'i', 2, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x70, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0x90};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of L")
+            {
+                json j = {5000000000, -5000000000};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'L', '#', 'i', 2, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x05, 0xF2, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xD5, 0xFA, 0x0E, 0x00};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("unsigned integer")
+        {
+            SECTION("array of i")
+            {
+                json j = {1u, 2u};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'i', '#', 'i', 2, 1, 2};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected_size = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'i', 1, 'i', 2};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == expected_size);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of U")
+            {
+                json j = {200u, 201u};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'U', '#', 'i', 2, 0xC8, 0xC9};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected_size = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'U', 0xC8, 'U', 0xC9};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == expected_size);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of I")
+            {
+                json j = {30000u, 30001u};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'I', '#', 'i', 2, 0x75, 0x30, 0x75, 0x31};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected_size = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'I', 0x75, 0x30, 'I', 0x75, 0x31};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == expected_size);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of l")
+            {
+                json j = {70000u, 70001u};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'l', '#', 'i', 2, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x70, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected_size = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'l', 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x70, 'l', 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == expected_size);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("array of L")
+            {
+                json j = {5000000000u, 5000000001u};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'L', '#', 'i', 2, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x05, 0xF2, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x05, 0xF2, 0x01};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> expected_size = {'[', '#', 'i', 2, 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x05, 0xF2, 0x00, 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x2A, 0x05, 0xF2, 0x01};
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == expected_size);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("discarded")
+        {
+            json j = {json::value_t::discarded, json::value_t::discarded};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {'[', '$', 'N', '#', 'i', 2};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == expected);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Universal Binary JSON Specification Examples 1")
+{
+    SECTION("Null Value")
+    {
+        json j = {{"passcode", nullptr}};
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 8, 'p', 'a', 's', 's', 'c', 'o', 'd', 'e', 'Z', '}'};
+        CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("No-Op Value")
+    {
+        json j = {"foo", "bar", "baz"};
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', 'S', 'i', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o',
+                                  'S', 'i', 3, 'b', 'a', 'r',
+                                  'S', 'i', 3, 'b', 'a', 'z', ']'
+                                 };
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v2 = {'[', 'S', 'i', 3, 'f', 'o', 'o', 'N',
+                                   'S', 'i', 3, 'b', 'a', 'r', 'N', 'N', 'N',
+                                   'S', 'i', 3, 'b', 'a', 'z', 'N', 'N', ']'
+                                  };
+        CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v2) == j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Boolean Types")
+    {
+        json j = {{"authorized", true}, {"verified", false}};
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 10, 'a', 'u', 't', 'h', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'z', 'e', 'd', 'T',
+                                  'i', 8, 'v', 'e', 'r', 'i', 'f', 'i', 'e', 'd', 'F', '}'
+                                 };
+        CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Numeric Types")
+    {
+        json j =
+        {
+            {"int8", 16},
+            {"uint8", 255},
+            {"int16", 32767},
+            {"int32", 2147483647},
+            {"int64", 9223372036854775807},
+            {"float64", 113243.7863123}
+        };
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{',
+                                  'i', 7, 'f', 'l', 'o', 'a', 't', '6', '4', 'D', 0x40, 0xfb, 0xa5, 0xbc, 0x94, 0xbc, 0x34, 0xcf,
+                                  'i', 5, 'i', 'n', 't', '1', '6', 'I', 0x7f, 0xff,
+                                  'i', 5, 'i', 'n', 't', '3', '2', 'l', 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+                                  'i', 5, 'i', 'n', 't', '6', '4', 'L', 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+                                  'i', 4, 'i', 'n', 't', '8', 'i', 16,
+                                  'i', 5, 'u', 'i', 'n', 't', '8', 'U', 0xff,
+                                  '}'
+                                 };
+        CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Char Type")
+    {
+        json j = {{"rolecode", "a"}, {"delim", ";"}};
+        std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 5, 'd', 'e', 'l', 'i', 'm', 'C', ';', 'i', 8, 'r', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'c', 'o', 'd', 'e', 'C', 'a', '}'};
+        //CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("String Type")
+    {
+        SECTION("English")
+        {
+            json j = "hello";
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S', 'i', 5, 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Russian")
+        {
+            json j = "привет";
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S', 'i', 12, 0xD0, 0xBF, 0xD1, 0x80, 0xD0, 0xB8, 0xD0, 0xB2, 0xD0, 0xB5, 0xD1, 0x82};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Russian")
+        {
+            json j = "مرحبا";
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'S', 'i', 10, 0xD9, 0x85, 0xD8, 0xB1, 0xD8, 0xAD, 0xD8, 0xA8, 0xD8, 0xA7};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Array Type")
+    {
+        SECTION("size=false type=false")
+        {
+            // note the float has been replaced by a double
+            json j = {nullptr, true, false, 4782345193, 153.132, "ham"};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', 'Z', 'T', 'F', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x1D, 0x0C, 0xCB, 0xE9, 'D', 0x40, 0x63, 0x24, 0x39, 0x58, 0x10, 0x62, 0x4e, 'S', 'i', 3, 'h', 'a', 'm', ']'};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("size=true type=false")
+        {
+            // note the float has been replaced by a double
+            json j = {nullptr, true, false, 4782345193, 153.132, "ham"};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '#', 'i', 6, 'Z', 'T', 'F', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x1D, 0x0C, 0xCB, 0xE9, 'D', 0x40, 0x63, 0x24, 0x39, 0x58, 0x10, 0x62, 0x4e, 'S', 'i', 3, 'h', 'a', 'm'};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("size=true type=true")
+        {
+            // note the float has been replaced by a double
+            json j = {nullptr, true, false, 4782345193, 153.132, "ham"};
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '#', 'i', 6, 'Z', 'T', 'F', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x1D, 0x0C, 0xCB, 0xE9, 'D', 0x40, 0x63, 0x24, 0x39, 0x58, 0x10, 0x62, 0x4e, 'S', 'i', 3, 'h', 'a', 'm'};
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Object Type")
+    {
+        SECTION("size=false type=false")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                {
+                    "post", {
+                        {"id", 1137},
+                        {"author", "rkalla"},
+                        {"timestamp", 1364482090592},
+                        {"body", "I totally agree!"}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', 'i', 4, 'p', 'o', 's', 't', '{',
+                                      'i', 6, 'a', 'u', 't', 'h', 'o', 'r', 'S', 'i', 6, 'r', 'k', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'a',
+                                      'i', 4, 'b', 'o', 'd', 'y', 'S', 'i', 16, 'I', ' ', 't', 'o', 't', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'y', ' ', 'a', 'g', 'r', 'e', 'e', '!',
+                                      'i', 2, 'i', 'd', 'I', 0x04, 0x71,
+                                      'i', 9, 't', 'i', 'm', 'e', 's', 't', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x3D, 0xB1, 0x78, 0x66, 0x60,
+                                      '}', '}'
+                                     };
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("size=true type=false")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                {
+                    "post", {
+                        {"id", 1137},
+                        {"author", "rkalla"},
+                        {"timestamp", 1364482090592},
+                        {"body", "I totally agree!"}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 4, 'p', 'o', 's', 't', '{', '#', 'i', 4,
+                                      'i', 6, 'a', 'u', 't', 'h', 'o', 'r', 'S', 'i', 6, 'r', 'k', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'a',
+                                      'i', 4, 'b', 'o', 'd', 'y', 'S', 'i', 16, 'I', ' ', 't', 'o', 't', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'y', ' ', 'a', 'g', 'r', 'e', 'e', '!',
+                                      'i', 2, 'i', 'd', 'I', 0x04, 0x71,
+                                      'i', 9, 't', 'i', 'm', 'e', 's', 't', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x3D, 0xB1, 0x78, 0x66, 0x60
+                                     };
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("size=true type=true")
+        {
+            json j =
+            {
+                {
+                    "post", {
+                        {"id", 1137},
+                        {"author", "rkalla"},
+                        {"timestamp", 1364482090592},
+                        {"body", "I totally agree!"}
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '$', '{', '#', 'i', 1, 'i', 4, 'p', 'o', 's', 't', '#', 'i', 4,
+                                      'i', 6, 'a', 'u', 't', 'h', 'o', 'r', 'S', 'i', 6, 'r', 'k', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'a',
+                                      'i', 4, 'b', 'o', 'd', 'y', 'S', 'i', 16, 'I', ' ', 't', 'o', 't', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'y', ' ', 'a', 'g', 'r', 'e', 'e', '!',
+                                      'i', 2, 'i', 'd', 'I', 0x04, 0x71,
+                                      'i', 9, 't', 'i', 'm', 'e', 's', 't', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'L', 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x3D, 0xB1, 0x78, 0x66, 0x60
+                                     };
+            CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == v);
+            CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("Optimized Format")
+    {
+        SECTION("Array Example")
+        {
+            SECTION("No Optimization")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = {29.97, 31.13, 67.0, 2.113, 23.888};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[',
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x51, 0xeb, 0x85, 0x1e, 0xb8,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x47, 0xae, 0x14, 0x7a, 0xe1,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x00, 0xe7, 0x6c, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x95, 0x81,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x37, 0xe3, 0x53, 0xf7, 0xce, 0xd9, 0x17,
+                                          ']'
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Optimized with count")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = {29.97, 31.13, 67.0, 2.113, 23.888};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '#', 'i', 5,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x51, 0xeb, 0x85, 0x1e, 0xb8,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x47, 0xae, 0x14, 0x7a, 0xe1,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x00, 0xe7, 0x6c, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x95, 0x81,
+                                          'D', 0x40, 0x37, 0xe3, 0x53, 0xf7, 0xce, 0xd9, 0x17
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Optimized with type & count")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = {29.97, 31.13, 67.0, 2.113, 23.888};
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '$', 'D', '#', 'i', 5,
+                                          0x40, 0x3d, 0xf8, 0x51, 0xeb, 0x85, 0x1e, 0xb8,
+                                          0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x47, 0xae, 0x14, 0x7a, 0xe1,
+                                          0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          0x40, 0x00, 0xe7, 0x6c, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x95, 0x81,
+                                          0x40, 0x37, 0xe3, 0x53, 0xf7, 0xce, 0xd9, 0x17
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Object Example")
+        {
+            SECTION("No Optimization")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = { {"lat", 29.976}, {"long", 31.131}, {"alt", 67.0} };
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{',
+                                          'i', 3, 'a', 'l', 't', 'D', 0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          'i', 3, 'l', 'a', 't', 'D', 0x40, 0x3d, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xd0, 0xe5, 0x60,
+                                          'i', 4, 'l', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'D', 0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x89, 0x37, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xa8,
+                                          '}'
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Optimized with count")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = { {"lat", 29.976}, {"long", 31.131}, {"alt", 67.0} };
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '#', 'i', 3,
+                                          'i', 3, 'a', 'l', 't', 'D', 0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          'i', 3, 'l', 'a', 't', 'D', 0x40, 0x3d, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xd0, 0xe5, 0x60,
+                                          'i', 4, 'l', 'o', 'n', 'g', 'D', 0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x89, 0x37, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xa8
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Optimized with type & count")
+            {
+                // note the floats have been replaced by doubles
+                json j = { {"lat", 29.976}, {"long", 31.131}, {"alt", 67.0} };
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '$', 'D', '#', 'i', 3,
+                                          'i', 3, 'a', 'l', 't', 0x40, 0x50, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                                          'i', 3, 'l', 'a', 't', 0x40, 0x3d, 0xf9, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xd0, 0xe5, 0x60,
+                                          'i', 4, 'l', 'o', 'n', 'g', 0x40, 0x3f, 0x21, 0x89, 0x37, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xa8
+                                         };
+                CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, true, true) == v);
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("Special Cases (Null, No-Op and Boolean)")
+        {
+            SECTION("Array")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'[', '$', 'N', '#', 'I', 0x02, 0x00};
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == json::array());
+            }
+
+            SECTION("Object")
+            {
+                std::vector<uint8_t> v = {'{', '$', 'Z', '#', 'i', 3, 'i', 4, 'n', 'a', 'm', 'e', 'i', 8, 'p', 'a', 's', 's', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'd', 'i', 5, 'e', 'm', 'a', 'i', 'l'};
+                CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v) == json({ {"name", nullptr}, {"password", nullptr}, {"email", nullptr} }));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("all UBJSON first bytes")
+{
+    // these bytes will fail immediately with exception parse_error.112
+    std::set<uint8_t> supported =
+    {
+        'T', 'F', 'Z', 'U', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'L', 'd', 'D', 'C', 'S', '[', '{', 'N', 'H'
+    };
+
+    for (auto i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
+    {
+        const auto byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);
+        CAPTURE(byte)
+
+        try
+        {
+            auto res = json::from_ubjson(std::vector<uint8_t>(1, byte));
+        }
+        catch (const json::parse_error& e)
+        {
+            // check that parse_error.112 is only thrown if the
+            // first byte is not in the supported set
+            INFO_WITH_TEMP(e.what());
+            if (supported.find(byte) == supported.end())
+            {
+                CHECK(e.id == 112);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                CHECK(e.id != 112);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_CASE("UBJSON roundtrips" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("input from self-generated UBJSON files")
+    {
+        for (std::string filename :
+                {
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/3.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/4.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json.org/5.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip01.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip02.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip03.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip04.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip05.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip06.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip07.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip08.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip09.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip10.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip11.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip12.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip13.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip14.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip15.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip16.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip17.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip18.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip19.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip20.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip21.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip22.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip23.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip24.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip25.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip26.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip27.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip28.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip29.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip30.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip31.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_roundtrip/roundtrip32.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass1.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass2.json",
+                    TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_tests/pass3.json"
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(filename)
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse UBJSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".ubjson");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_ubjson(packed));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": std::ifstream");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse UBJSON file
+                std::ifstream f_ubjson(filename + ".ubjson", std::ios::binary);
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_ubjson(f_ubjson));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": uint8_t* and size");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse UBJSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".ubjson");
+                json j2;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(j2 = json::from_ubjson({packed.data(), packed.size()}));
+
+                // compare parsed JSON values
+                CHECK(j1 == j2);
+            }
+
+            {
+                INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output to output adapters");
+                // parse JSON file
+                std::ifstream f_json(filename);
+                json j1 = json::parse(f_json);
+
+                // parse UBJSON file
+                auto packed = utils::read_binary_file(filename + ".ubjson");
+
+                {
+                    INFO_WITH_TEMP(filename + ": output adapters: std::vector<uint8_t>");
+                    std::vector<uint8_t> vec;
+                    json::to_ubjson(j1, vec);
+                    CHECK(vec == packed);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-udt.cpp b/test/src/unit-udt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5096e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-udt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// disable -Wnoexcept due to class Evil
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace udt
+{
+enum class country
+{
+    china,
+    france,
+    russia
+};
+
+struct age
+{
+    int m_val;
+    age(int rhs = 0) : m_val(rhs) {}
+};
+
+struct name
+{
+    std::string m_val;
+    name(std::string rhs = "") : m_val(std::move(rhs)) {}
+};
+
+struct address
+{
+    std::string m_val;
+    address(std::string rhs = "") : m_val(std::move(rhs)) {}
+};
+
+struct person
+{
+    age m_age{};
+    name m_name{};
+    country m_country{};
+    person() = default;
+    person(const age& a, name  n, const country& c) : m_age(a), m_name(std::move(n)), m_country(c) {}
+};
+
+struct contact
+{
+    person m_person{};
+    address m_address{};
+    contact() = default;
+    contact(person p, address a) : m_person(std::move(p)), m_address(std::move(a)) {}
+};
+
+struct contact_book
+{
+    name m_book_name{};
+    std::vector<contact> m_contacts{};
+    contact_book() = default;
+    contact_book(name n, std::vector<contact> c) : m_book_name(std::move(n)), m_contacts(std::move(c)) {}
+};
+} // namespace udt
+
+// to_json methods
+namespace udt
+{
+// templates because of the custom_json tests (see below)
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, age a)
+{
+    j = a.m_val;
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const name& n)
+{
+    j = n.m_val;
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, country c)
+{
+    switch (c)
+    {
+        case country::china:
+            j = "中华人民共和国";
+            return;
+        case country::france:
+            j = "France";
+            return;
+        case country::russia:
+            j = "Российская Федерация";
+            return;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const person& p)
+{
+    j = BasicJsonType{{"age", p.m_age}, {"name", p.m_name}, {"country", p.m_country}};
+}
+
+static void to_json(nlohmann::json& j, const address& a)
+{
+    j = a.m_val;
+}
+
+static void to_json(nlohmann::json& j, const contact& c)
+{
+    j = json{{"person", c.m_person}, {"address", c.m_address}};
+}
+
+static void to_json(nlohmann::json& j, const contact_book& cb)
+{
+    j = json{{"name", cb.m_book_name}, {"contacts", cb.m_contacts}};
+}
+
+// operators
+static bool operator==(age lhs, age rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.m_val == rhs.m_val;
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const address& lhs, const address& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.m_val == rhs.m_val;
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const name& lhs, const name& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.m_val == rhs.m_val;
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const person& lhs, const person& rhs)
+{
+    return std::tie(lhs.m_name, lhs.m_age) == std::tie(rhs.m_name, rhs.m_age);
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const contact& lhs, const contact& rhs)
+{
+    return std::tie(lhs.m_person, lhs.m_address) ==
+           std::tie(rhs.m_person, rhs.m_address);
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const contact_book& lhs, const contact_book& rhs)
+{
+    return std::tie(lhs.m_book_name, lhs.m_contacts) ==
+           std::tie(rhs.m_book_name, rhs.m_contacts);
+}
+} // namespace udt
+
+// from_json methods
+namespace udt
+{
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, age& a)
+{
+    a.m_val = j.template get<int>();
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, name& n)
+{
+    n.m_val = j.template get<std::string>();
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, country& c)
+{
+    const auto str = j.template get<std::string>();
+    const std::map<std::string, country> m =
+    {
+        {"中华人民共和国", country::china},
+        {"France", country::france},
+        {"Российская Федерация", country::russia}
+    };
+
+    const auto it = m.find(str);
+    // TODO(nlohmann) test exceptions
+    c = it->second;
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, person& p)
+{
+    p.m_age = j["age"].template get<age>();
+    p.m_name = j["name"].template get<name>();
+    p.m_country = j["country"].template get<country>();
+}
+
+static void from_json(const nlohmann::json& j, address& a)
+{
+    a.m_val = j.get<std::string>();
+}
+
+static void from_json(const nlohmann::json& j, contact& c)
+{
+    c.m_person = j["person"].get<person>();
+    c.m_address = j["address"].get<address>();
+}
+
+static void from_json(const nlohmann::json& j, contact_book& cb)
+{
+    cb.m_book_name = j["name"].get<name>();
+    cb.m_contacts = j["contacts"].get<std::vector<contact>>();
+}
+} // namespace udt
+
+TEST_CASE("basic usage" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+
+    // a bit narcissistic maybe :) ?
+    const udt::age a
+    {
+        23
+    };
+    const udt::name n{"theo"};
+    const udt::country c{udt::country::france};
+    const udt::person sfinae_addict{a, n, c};
+    const udt::person senior_programmer{{42}, {"王芳"}, udt::country::china};
+    const udt::address addr{"Paris"};
+    const udt::contact cpp_programmer{sfinae_addict, addr};
+    const udt::contact_book book{{"C++"}, {cpp_programmer, {senior_programmer, addr}}};
+
+    SECTION("conversion to json via free-functions")
+    {
+        CHECK(json(a) == json(23));
+        CHECK(json(n) == json("theo"));
+        CHECK(json(c) == json("France"));
+        CHECK(json(sfinae_addict) == R"({"name":"theo", "age":23, "country":"France"})"_json);
+        CHECK(json("Paris") == json(addr));
+        CHECK(json(cpp_programmer) ==
+              R"({"person" : {"age":23, "name":"theo", "country":"France"}, "address":"Paris"})"_json);
+
+        CHECK(
+            json(book) ==
+            R"({"name":"C++", "contacts" : [{"person" : {"age":23, "name":"theo", "country":"France"}, "address":"Paris"}, {"person" : {"age":42, "country":"中华人民共和国", "name":"王芳"}, "address":"Paris"}]})"_json);
+
+    }
+
+    SECTION("conversion from json via free-functions")
+    {
+        const auto big_json =
+            R"({"name":"C++", "contacts" : [{"person" : {"age":23, "name":"theo", "country":"France"}, "address":"Paris"}, {"person" : {"age":42, "country":"中华人民共和国", "name":"王芳"}, "address":"Paris"}]})"_json;
+        SECTION("via explicit calls to get")
+        {
+            const auto parsed_book = big_json.get<udt::contact_book>();
+            const auto book_name = big_json["name"].get<udt::name>();
+            const auto contacts =
+                big_json["contacts"].get<std::vector<udt::contact>>();
+            const auto contact_json = big_json["contacts"].at(0);
+            const auto contact = contact_json.get<udt::contact>();
+            const auto person = contact_json["person"].get<udt::person>();
+            const auto address = contact_json["address"].get<udt::address>();
+            const auto age = contact_json["person"]["age"].get<udt::age>();
+            const auto country =
+                contact_json["person"]["country"].get<udt::country>();
+            const auto name = contact_json["person"]["name"].get<udt::name>();
+
+            CHECK(age == a);
+            CHECK(name == n);
+            CHECK(country == c);
+            CHECK(address == addr);
+            CHECK(person == sfinae_addict);
+            CHECK(contact == cpp_programmer);
+            CHECK(contacts == book.m_contacts);
+            CHECK(book_name == udt::name{"C++"});
+            CHECK(book == parsed_book);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("via explicit calls to get_to")
+        {
+            udt::person person;
+            udt::name name;
+
+            json person_json = big_json["contacts"][0]["person"];
+            CHECK(person_json.get_to(person) == sfinae_addict);
+
+            // correct reference gets returned
+            person_json["name"].get_to(name).m_val = "new name";
+            CHECK(name.m_val == "new name");
+        }
+
+#if JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS
+        SECTION("implicit conversions")
+        {
+            const udt::contact_book parsed_book = big_json;
+            const udt::name book_name = big_json["name"];
+            const std::vector<udt::contact> contacts = big_json["contacts"];
+            const auto contact_json = big_json["contacts"].at(0);
+            const udt::contact contact = contact_json;
+            const udt::person person = contact_json["person"];
+            const udt::address address = contact_json["address"];
+            const udt::age age = contact_json["person"]["age"];
+            const udt::country country = contact_json["person"]["country"];
+            const udt::name name = contact_json["person"]["name"];
+
+            CHECK(age == a);
+            CHECK(name == n);
+            CHECK(country == c);
+            CHECK(address == addr);
+            CHECK(person == sfinae_addict);
+            CHECK(contact == cpp_programmer);
+            CHECK(contacts == book.m_contacts);
+            CHECK(book_name == udt::name{"C++"});
+            CHECK(book == parsed_book);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+namespace udt
+{
+struct legacy_type
+{
+    std::string number{};
+    legacy_type() = default;
+    legacy_type(std::string n) : number(std::move(n)) {}
+};
+} // namespace udt
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template <typename T>
+struct adl_serializer<std::shared_ptr<T>>
+{
+    static void to_json(json& j, const std::shared_ptr<T>& opt)
+    {
+        if (opt)
+        {
+            j = *opt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            j = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void from_json(const json& j, std::shared_ptr<T>& opt)
+    {
+        if (j.is_null())
+        {
+            opt = nullptr;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            opt.reset(new T(j.get<T>())); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct adl_serializer<udt::legacy_type>
+{
+    static void to_json(json& j, const udt::legacy_type& l)
+    {
+        j = std::stoi(l.number);
+    }
+
+    static void from_json(const json& j, udt::legacy_type& l)
+    {
+        l.number = std::to_string(j.get<int>());
+    }
+};
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+TEST_CASE("adl_serializer specialization" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    SECTION("partial specialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("to_json")
+        {
+            std::shared_ptr<udt::person> optPerson;
+
+            json j = optPerson;
+            CHECK(j.is_null());
+
+            optPerson.reset(new udt::person{{42}, {"John Doe"}, udt::country::russia}); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,modernize-make-shared)
+            j = optPerson;
+            CHECK_FALSE(j.is_null());
+
+            CHECK(j.get<udt::person>() == *optPerson);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from_json")
+        {
+            auto person = udt::person{{42}, {"John Doe"}, udt::country::russia};
+            json j = person;
+
+            auto optPerson = j.get<std::shared_ptr<udt::person>>();
+            REQUIRE(optPerson);
+            CHECK(*optPerson == person);
+
+            j = nullptr;
+            optPerson = j.get<std::shared_ptr<udt::person>>();
+            CHECK(!optPerson);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("total specialization")
+    {
+        SECTION("to_json")
+        {
+            udt::legacy_type lt{"4242"};
+
+            json j = lt;
+            CHECK(j.get<int>() == 4242);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("from_json")
+        {
+            json j = 4242;
+            auto lt = j.get<udt::legacy_type>();
+            CHECK(lt.number == "4242");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template <>
+struct adl_serializer<std::vector<float>>
+{
+    using type = std::vector<float>;
+    static void to_json(json& j, const type& /*type*/)
+    {
+        j = "hijacked!";
+    }
+
+    static void from_json(const json& /*unnamed*/, type& opt)
+    {
+        opt = {42.0, 42.0, 42.0};
+    }
+
+    // preferred version
+    static type from_json(const json& /*unnamed*/)
+    {
+        return {4.0, 5.0, 6.0};
+    }
+};
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+TEST_CASE("even supported types can be specialized" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    json j = std::vector<float> {1.0, 2.0, 3.0};
+    CHECK(j.dump() == R"("hijacked!")");
+    auto f = j.get<std::vector<float>>();
+    // the single argument from_json method is preferred
+    CHECK((f == std::vector<float> {4.0, 5.0, 6.0}));
+}
+
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+template <typename T>
+struct adl_serializer<std::unique_ptr<T>>
+{
+    static void to_json(json& j, const std::unique_ptr<T>& opt)
+    {
+        if (opt)
+        {
+            j = *opt;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            j = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // this is the overload needed for non-copyable types,
+    static std::unique_ptr<T> from_json(const json& j)
+    {
+        if (j.is_null())
+        {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(j.get<T>()));
+    }
+};
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+TEST_CASE("Non-copyable types" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    SECTION("to_json")
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<udt::person> optPerson;
+
+        json j = optPerson;
+        CHECK(j.is_null());
+
+        optPerson.reset(new udt::person{{42}, {"John Doe"}, udt::country::russia}); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory,modernize-make-unique)
+        j = optPerson;
+        CHECK_FALSE(j.is_null());
+
+        CHECK(j.get<udt::person>() == *optPerson);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("from_json")
+    {
+        auto person = udt::person{{42}, {"John Doe"}, udt::country::russia};
+        json j = person;
+
+        auto optPerson = j.get<std::unique_ptr<udt::person>>();
+        REQUIRE(optPerson);
+        CHECK(*optPerson == person);
+
+        j = nullptr;
+        optPerson = j.get<std::unique_ptr<udt::person>>();
+        CHECK(!optPerson);
+    }
+}
+
+// custom serializer - advanced usage
+// pack structs that are pod-types (but not scalar types)
+// relies on adl for any other type
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct pod_serializer
+{
+    // use adl for non-pods, or scalar types
+    template <
+        typename BasicJsonType, typename U = T,
+        typename std::enable_if <
+            !(std::is_pod<U>::value && std::is_class<U>::value), int >::type = 0 >
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, U& t)
+    {
+        using nlohmann::from_json;
+        from_json(j, t);
+    }
+
+    // special behaviour for pods
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename U = T,
+               typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pod<U>::value && std::is_class<U>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    static void from_json(const  BasicJsonType& j, U& t)
+    {
+        std::uint64_t value = 0;
+        // The following block is no longer relevant in this serializer, make another one that shows the issue
+        // the problem arises only when one from_json method is defined without any constraint
+        //
+        // Why cannot we simply use: j.get<std::uint64_t>() ?
+        // Well, with the current experiment, the get method looks for a from_json
+        // function, which we are currently defining!
+        // This would end up in a stack overflow. Calling nlohmann::from_json is a
+        // workaround (is it?).
+        // I shall find a good way to avoid this once all constructors are converted
+        // to free methods
+        //
+        // In short, constructing a json by constructor calls to_json
+        // calling get calls from_json, for now, we cannot do this in custom
+        // serializers
+        nlohmann::from_json(j, value);
+        auto* bytes = static_cast<char*>(static_cast<void*>(&value));
+        std::memcpy(&t, bytes, sizeof(value));
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename BasicJsonType, typename U = T,
+        typename std::enable_if <
+            !(std::is_pod<U>::value && std::is_class<U>::value), int >::type = 0 >
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const  T& t)
+    {
+        using nlohmann::to_json;
+        to_json(j, t);
+    }
+
+    template < typename BasicJsonType, typename U = T,
+               typename std::enable_if <
+                   std::is_pod<U>::value && std::is_class<U>::value, int >::type = 0 >
+    static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const  T& t) noexcept
+    {
+        const auto* bytes = static_cast< const unsigned char*>(static_cast<const void*>(&t));
+        std::uint64_t value = 0;
+        std::memcpy(&value, bytes, sizeof(value));
+        nlohmann::to_json(j, value);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace udt
+{
+struct small_pod
+{
+    int begin;
+    char middle;
+    short end;
+};
+
+struct non_pod
+{
+    std::string s{};
+    non_pod() = default;
+    non_pod(std::string S) : s(std::move(S)) {}
+};
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const non_pod& np)
+{
+    j = np.s;
+}
+
+template <typename BasicJsonType>
+static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, non_pod& np)
+{
+    np.s = j.template get<std::string>();
+}
+
+static bool operator==(small_pod lhs, small_pod rhs) noexcept
+{
+    return std::tie(lhs.begin, lhs.middle, lhs.end) ==
+           std::tie(rhs.begin, rhs.middle, rhs.end);
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const  non_pod& lhs, const  non_pod& rhs) noexcept
+{
+    return lhs.s == rhs.s;
+}
+
+static std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, small_pod l)
+{
+    return os << "begin: " << l.begin << ", middle: " << l.middle << ", end: " << l.end;
+}
+} // namespace udt
+
+TEST_CASE("custom serializer for pods" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    using custom_json =
+        nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool,
+        std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, double, std::allocator, pod_serializer>;
+
+    auto p = udt::small_pod{42, '/', 42};
+    custom_json j = p;
+
+    auto p2 = j.get<udt::small_pod>();
+
+    CHECK(p == p2);
+
+    auto np = udt::non_pod{{"non-pod"}};
+    custom_json j2 = np;
+    auto np2 = j2.get<udt::non_pod>();
+    CHECK(np == np2);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename>
+struct another_adl_serializer;
+
+using custom_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, double, std::allocator, another_adl_serializer>;
+
+template <typename T, typename>
+struct another_adl_serializer
+{
+    static void from_json(const custom_json& j, T& t)
+    {
+        using nlohmann::from_json;
+        from_json(j, t);
+    }
+
+    static void to_json(custom_json& j, const T& t)
+    {
+        using nlohmann::to_json;
+        to_json(j, t);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("custom serializer that does adl by default" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    auto me = udt::person{{23}, {"theo"}, udt::country::france};
+
+    json j = me;
+    custom_json cj = me;
+
+    CHECK(j.dump() == cj.dump());
+
+    CHECK(me == j.get<udt::person>());
+    CHECK(me == cj.get<udt::person>());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("different basic_json types conversions")
+{
+    SECTION("null")
+    {
+        json j;
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == nullptr);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("boolean")
+    {
+        json j = true;
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == true);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("discarded")
+    {
+        json j(json::value_t::discarded);
+        custom_json cj;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(cj = j);
+        CHECK(cj.type() == custom_json::value_t::discarded);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("array")
+    {
+        json j = {1, 2, 3};
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK((cj == std::vector<int> {1, 2, 3}));
+    }
+
+    SECTION("integer")
+    {
+        json j = 42;
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == 42);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("float")
+    {
+        json j = 42.0;
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == 42.0);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("unsigned")
+    {
+        json j = 42u;
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == 42u);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("string")
+    {
+        json j = "forty-two";
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj == "forty-two");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("binary")
+    {
+        json j = json::binary({1, 2, 3}, 42);
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        CHECK(cj.get_binary().subtype() == 42);
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> cv = cj.get_binary();
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = j.get_binary();
+        CHECK(cv == v);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("object")
+    {
+        json j = {{"forty", "two"}};
+        custom_json cj = j;
+        auto m = j.get<std::map<std::string, std::string>>();
+        CHECK(cj == m);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("get<custom_json>")
+    {
+        json j = 42;
+        custom_json cj = j.get<custom_json>();
+        CHECK(cj == 42);
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+struct incomplete;
+
+// std::is_constructible is broken on macOS' libc++
+// use the cppreference implementation
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_constructible_patched : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_constructible_patched<T, decltype(void(json(std::declval<T>())))> : std::true_type {};
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("an incomplete type does not trigger a compiler error in non-evaluated context" * doctest::test_suite("udt"))
+{
+    static_assert(!is_constructible_patched<json, incomplete>::value, "");
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+class Evil
+{
+  public:
+    Evil() = default;
+    template <typename T>
+    Evil(T t) : m_i(sizeof(t))
+    {
+        static_cast<void>(t); // fix MSVC's C4100 warning
+    }
+
+    int m_i = 0;
+};
+
+void from_json(const json& /*unused*/, Evil& /*unused*/) {}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Issue #924")
+{
+    // Prevent get<std::vector<Evil>>() to throw
+    auto j = json::array();
+
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(j.get<Evil>());
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(j.get<std::vector<Evil>>());
+
+    // silence Wunused-template warnings
+    Evil e(1);
+    CHECK(e.m_i >= 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Issue #1237")
+{
+    struct non_convertible_type {};
+    static_assert(!std::is_convertible<json, non_convertible_type>::value, "");
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-udt_macro.cpp b/test/src/unit-udt_macro.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14d5c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-udt_macro.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace persons
+{
+class person_with_private_data
+{
+  private:
+    std::string name{};
+    int age = 0;
+    json metadata = nullptr;
+
+  public:
+    bool operator==(const person_with_private_data& rhs) const
+    {
+        return name == rhs.name && age == rhs.age && metadata == rhs.metadata;
+    }
+
+    person_with_private_data() = default;
+    person_with_private_data(std::string name_, int age_, json metadata_)
+        : name(std::move(name_))
+        , age(age_)
+        , metadata(std::move(metadata_))
+    {}
+
+    NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(person_with_private_data, age, name, metadata)
+};
+
+class person_without_private_data_1
+{
+  public:
+    std::string name{};
+    int age = 0;
+    json metadata = nullptr;
+
+    bool operator==(const person_without_private_data_1& rhs) const
+    {
+        return name == rhs.name && age == rhs.age && metadata == rhs.metadata;
+    }
+
+    person_without_private_data_1() = default;
+    person_without_private_data_1(std::string name_, int age_, json metadata_)
+        : name(std::move(name_))
+        , age(age_)
+        , metadata(std::move(metadata_))
+    {}
+
+    NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(person_without_private_data_1, age, name, metadata)
+};
+
+class person_without_private_data_2
+{
+  public:
+    std::string name{};
+    int age = 0;
+    json metadata = nullptr;
+
+    bool operator==(const person_without_private_data_2& rhs) const
+    {
+        return name == rhs.name && age == rhs.age && metadata == rhs.metadata;
+    }
+
+    person_without_private_data_2() = default;
+    person_without_private_data_2(std::string name_, int age_, json metadata_)
+        : name(std::move(name_))
+        , age(age_)
+        , metadata(std::move(metadata_))
+    {}
+};
+
+NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(person_without_private_data_2, age, name, metadata)
+
+class person_with_private_alphabet
+{
+  public:
+    bool operator==(const person_with_private_alphabet& other) const
+    {
+        return  a == other.a &&
+                b == other.b &&
+                c == other.c &&
+                d == other.d &&
+                e == other.e &&
+                f == other.f &&
+                g == other.g &&
+                h == other.h &&
+                i == other.i &&
+                j == other.j &&
+                k == other.k &&
+                l == other.l &&
+                m == other.m &&
+                n == other.n &&
+                o == other.o &&
+                p == other.p &&
+                q == other.q &&
+                r == other.r &&
+                s == other.s &&
+                t == other.t &&
+                u == other.u &&
+                v == other.v &&
+                w == other.w &&
+                x == other.x &&
+                y == other.y &&
+                z == other.z;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int a = 0;
+    int b = 0;
+    int c = 0;
+    int d = 0;
+    int e = 0;
+    int f = 0;
+    int g = 0;
+    int h = 0;
+    int i = 0;
+    int j = 0;
+    int k = 0;
+    int l = 0;
+    int m = 0;
+    int n = 0;
+    int o = 0;
+    int p = 0;
+    int q = 0;
+    int r = 0;
+    int s = 0;
+    int t = 0;
+    int u = 0;
+    int v = 0;
+    int w = 0;
+    int x = 0;
+    int y = 0;
+    int z = 0;
+    NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(person_with_private_alphabet, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z)
+};
+
+class person_with_public_alphabet
+{
+  public:
+    bool operator==(const person_with_public_alphabet& other) const
+    {
+        return  a == other.a &&
+                b == other.b &&
+                c == other.c &&
+                d == other.d &&
+                e == other.e &&
+                f == other.f &&
+                g == other.g &&
+                h == other.h &&
+                i == other.i &&
+                j == other.j &&
+                k == other.k &&
+                l == other.l &&
+                m == other.m &&
+                n == other.n &&
+                o == other.o &&
+                p == other.p &&
+                q == other.q &&
+                r == other.r &&
+                s == other.s &&
+                t == other.t &&
+                u == other.u &&
+                v == other.v &&
+                w == other.w &&
+                x == other.x &&
+                y == other.y &&
+                z == other.z;
+    }
+
+    int a = 0;
+    int b = 0;
+    int c = 0;
+    int d = 0;
+    int e = 0;
+    int f = 0;
+    int g = 0;
+    int h = 0;
+    int i = 0;
+    int j = 0;
+    int k = 0;
+    int l = 0;
+    int m = 0;
+    int n = 0;
+    int o = 0;
+    int p = 0;
+    int q = 0;
+    int r = 0;
+    int s = 0;
+    int t = 0;
+    int u = 0;
+    int v = 0;
+    int w = 0;
+    int x = 0;
+    int y = 0;
+    int z = 0;
+};
+
+NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(person_with_public_alphabet, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z)
+
+} // namespace persons
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Serialization/deserialization via NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE", T,
+                   persons::person_with_private_data,
+                   persons::person_without_private_data_1,
+                   persons::person_without_private_data_2)
+{
+    SECTION("person")
+    {
+        // serialization
+        T p1("Erik", 1, {{"haircuts", 2}});
+        CHECK(json(p1).dump() == "{\"age\":1,\"metadata\":{\"haircuts\":2},\"name\":\"Erik\"}");
+
+        // deserialization
+        auto p2 = json(p1).get<T>();
+        CHECK(p2 == p1);
+
+        // roundtrip
+        CHECK(T(json(p1)) == p1);
+        CHECK(json(T(json(p1))) == json(p1));
+
+        // check exception in case of missing field
+        json j = json(p1);
+        j.erase("age");
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j.get<T>(), "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'age' not found", json::out_of_range);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("Serialization/deserialization of classes with 26 public/private member variables via NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE and NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE", T,
+                   persons::person_with_private_alphabet,
+                   persons::person_with_public_alphabet)
+{
+    SECTION("alphabet")
+    {
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j = obj1; //via json object
+            T obj2;
+            j.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j1 = obj1; //via json string
+            std::string s = j1.dump();
+            nlohmann::json j2 = nlohmann::json::parse(s);
+            T obj2;
+            j2.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j1 = obj1; //via msgpack
+            std::vector<uint8_t> buf = nlohmann::json::to_msgpack(j1);
+            nlohmann::json j2 = nlohmann::json::from_msgpack(buf);
+            T obj2;
+            j2.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j1 = obj1; //via bson
+            std::vector<uint8_t> buf = nlohmann::json::to_bson(j1);
+            nlohmann::json j2 = nlohmann::json::from_bson(buf);
+            T obj2;
+            j2.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j1 = obj1; //via cbor
+            std::vector<uint8_t> buf = nlohmann::json::to_cbor(j1);
+            nlohmann::json j2 = nlohmann::json::from_cbor(buf);
+            T obj2;
+            j2.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+
+        {
+            T obj1;
+            nlohmann::json j1 = obj1; //via ubjson
+            std::vector<uint8_t> buf = nlohmann::json::to_ubjson(j1);
+            nlohmann::json j2 = nlohmann::json::from_ubjson(buf);
+            T obj2;
+            j2.get_to(obj2);
+            bool ok = (obj1 == obj2);
+            CHECK(ok);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode1.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d37d221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("Unicode (1/5)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("\\uxxxx sequences")
+    {
+        // create an escaped string from a code point
+        const auto codepoint_to_unicode = [](std::size_t cp)
+        {
+            // code points are represented as a six-character sequence: a
+            // reverse solidus, followed by the lowercase letter u, followed
+            // by four hexadecimal digits that encode the character's code
+            // point
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << "\\u" << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex << cp;
+            return ss.str();
+        };
+
+        SECTION("correct sequences")
+        {
+            // generate all UTF-8 code points; in total, 1112064 code points are
+            // generated: 0x1FFFFF code points - 2048 invalid values between
+            // 0xD800 and 0xDFFF.
+            for (std::size_t cp = 0; cp <= 0x10FFFFu; ++cp)
+            {
+                // string to store the code point as in \uxxxx format
+                std::string json_text = "\"";
+
+                // decide whether to use one or two \uxxxx sequences
+                if (cp < 0x10000u)
+                {
+                    // The Unicode standard permanently reserves these code point
+                    // values for UTF-16 encoding of the high and low surrogates, and
+                    // they will never be assigned a character, so there should be no
+                    // reason to encode them. The official Unicode standard says that
+                    // no UTF forms, including UTF-16, can encode these code points.
+                    if (cp >= 0xD800u && cp <= 0xDFFFu)
+                    {
+                        // if we would not skip these code points, we would get a
+                        // "missing low surrogate" exception
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // code points in the Basic Multilingual Plane can be
+                    // represented with one \uxxxx sequence
+                    json_text += codepoint_to_unicode(cp);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // To escape an extended character that is not in the Basic
+                    // Multilingual Plane, the character is represented as a
+                    // 12-character sequence, encoding the UTF-16 surrogate pair
+                    const auto codepoint1 = 0xd800u + (((cp - 0x10000u) >> 10) & 0x3ffu);
+                    const auto codepoint2 = 0xdc00u + ((cp - 0x10000u) & 0x3ffu);
+                    json_text += codepoint_to_unicode(codepoint1) + codepoint_to_unicode(codepoint2);
+                }
+
+                json_text += "\"";
+                CAPTURE(json_text)
+                json _;
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_text));
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("incorrect sequences")
+        {
+            SECTION("incorrect surrogate values")
+            {
+                json _;
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uDC00\\uDC00\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uDC00\\uDC00\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '\"\\uDC00'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD7FF\\uDC00\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD7FF\\uDC00\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '\"\\uD7FF\\uDC00'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800]\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800]\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800]'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\v\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\v\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 9: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\v'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\u123\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\u123\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\uD800\\u123\"'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uDBFF\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uDBFF\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\uDBFF'");
+
+                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uE000\""), json::parse_error&);
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uE000\""),
+                                  "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\uE000'");
+            }
+        }
+
+#if 0
+        SECTION("incorrect sequences")
+        {
+            SECTION("high surrogate without low surrogate")
+            {
+                // D800..DBFF are high surrogates and must be followed by low
+                // surrogates DC00..DFFF; here, nothing follows
+                for (std::size_t cp = 0xD800u; cp <= 0xDBFFu; ++cp)
+                {
+                    std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp) + "\"";
+                    CAPTURE(json_text)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("high surrogate with wrong low surrogate")
+            {
+                // D800..DBFF are high surrogates and must be followed by low
+                // surrogates DC00..DFFF; here a different sequence follows
+                for (std::size_t cp1 = 0xD800u; cp1 <= 0xDBFFu; ++cp1)
+                {
+                    for (std::size_t cp2 = 0x0000u; cp2 <= 0xFFFFu; ++cp2)
+                    {
+                        if (0xDC00u <= cp2 && cp2 <= 0xDFFFu)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp1) + codepoint_to_unicode(cp2) + "\"";
+                        CAPTURE(json_text)
+                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("low surrogate without high surrogate")
+            {
+                // low surrogates DC00..DFFF must follow high surrogates; here,
+                // they occur alone
+                for (std::size_t cp = 0xDC00u; cp <= 0xDFFFu; ++cp)
+                {
+                    std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp) + "\"";
+                    CAPTURE(json_text)
+                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    SECTION("read all unicode characters")
+    {
+        // read a file with all unicode characters stored as single-character
+        // strings in a JSON array
+        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json");
+        json j;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+
+        // the array has 1112064 + 1 elements (a terminating "null" value)
+        // Note: 1112064 = 0x1FFFFF code points - 2048 invalid values between
+        // 0xD800 and 0xDFFF.
+        CHECK(j.size() == 1112065);
+
+        SECTION("check JSON Pointers")
+        {
+            for (const auto& s : j)
+            {
+                // skip non-string JSON values
+                if (!s.is_string())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                auto ptr = s.get<std::string>();
+
+                // tilde must be followed by 0 or 1
+                if (ptr == "~")
+                {
+                    ptr += "0";
+                }
+
+                // JSON Pointers must begin with "/"
+                ptr.insert(0, "/");
+
+                CHECK_NOTHROW(json::json_pointer("/" + ptr));
+
+                // check escape/unescape roundtrip
+                auto escaped = nlohmann::detail::escape(ptr);
+                nlohmann::detail::unescape(escaped);
+                CHECK(escaped == ptr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("ignore byte-order-mark")
+    {
+        SECTION("in a stream")
+        {
+            // read a file with a UTF-8 BOM
+            std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/bom.json");
+            json j;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("with an iterator")
+        {
+            std::string i = "\xef\xbb\xbf{\n   \"foo\": true\n}";
+            json _;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(i.begin(), i.end()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("error for incomplete/wrong BOM")
+    {
+        json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\xef\xbb"), json::parse_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\xef\xbb\xbb"), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+void roundtrip(bool success_expected, const std::string& s);
+
+void roundtrip(bool success_expected, const std::string& s)
+{
+    CAPTURE(s)
+    json _;
+
+    // create JSON string value
+    json j = s;
+    // create JSON text
+    std::string ps = std::string("\"") + s + "\"";
+
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        // serialization succeeds
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(j.dump());
+
+        // exclude parse test for U+0000
+        if (s[0] != '\0')
+        {
+            // parsing JSON text succeeds
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(ps));
+        }
+
+        // roundtrip succeeds
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(j.dump()));
+
+        // after roundtrip, the same string is stored
+        json jr = json::parse(j.dump());
+        CHECK(jr.get<std::string>() == s);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // serialization fails
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+
+        // parsing JSON text fails
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(ps), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Markus Kuhn's UTF-8 decoder capability and stress test")
+{
+    // Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> - 2015-08-28 - CC BY 4.0
+    // http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-test.txt
+
+    SECTION("1  Some correct UTF-8 text")
+    {
+        roundtrip(true, "κόσμε");
+    }
+
+    SECTION("2  Boundary condition test cases")
+    {
+        SECTION("2.1  First possible sequence of a certain length")
+        {
+            // 2.1.1  1 byte  (U-00000000)
+            roundtrip(true, std::string("\0", 1));
+            // 2.1.2  2 bytes (U-00000080)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xc2\x80");
+            // 2.1.3  3 bytes (U-00000800)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xe0\xa0\x80");
+            // 2.1.4  4 bytes (U-00010000)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xf0\x90\x80\x80");
+
+            // 2.1.5  5 bytes (U-00200000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xF8\x88\x80\x80\x80");
+            // 2.1.6  6 bytes (U-04000000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xFC\x84\x80\x80\x80\x80");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("2.2  Last possible sequence of a certain length")
+        {
+            // 2.2.1  1 byte  (U-0000007F)
+            roundtrip(true, "\x7f");
+            // 2.2.2  2 bytes (U-000007FF)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xdf\xbf");
+            // 2.2.3  3 bytes (U-0000FFFF)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbf");
+
+            // 2.2.4  4 bytes (U-001FFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xF7\xBF\xBF\xBF");
+            // 2.2.5  5 bytes (U-03FFFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xFB\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF");
+            // 2.2.6  6 bytes (U-7FFFFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xFD\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("2.3  Other boundary conditions")
+        {
+            // 2.3.1  U-0000D7FF = ed 9f bf
+            roundtrip(true, "\xed\x9f\xbf");
+            // 2.3.2  U-0000E000 = ee 80 80
+            roundtrip(true, "\xee\x80\x80");
+            // 2.3.3  U-0000FFFD = ef bf bd
+            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbd");
+            // 2.3.4  U-0010FFFF = f4 8f bf bf
+            roundtrip(true, "\xf4\x8f\xbf\xbf");
+
+            // 2.3.5  U-00110000 = f4 90 80 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf4\x90\x80\x80");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("3  Malformed sequences")
+    {
+        SECTION("3.1  Unexpected continuation bytes")
+        {
+            // Each unexpected continuation byte should be separately signalled as a
+            // malformed sequence of its own.
+
+            // 3.1.1  First continuation byte 0x80
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80");
+            // 3.1.2  Last  continuation byte 0xbf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xbf");
+
+            // 3.1.3  2 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf");
+            // 3.1.4  3 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80");
+            // 3.1.5  4 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf");
+            // 3.1.6  5 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80");
+            // 3.1.7  6 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80\xbf");
+            // 3.1.8  7 continuation bytes
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80");
+
+            // 3.1.9  Sequence of all 64 possible continuation bytes (0x80-0xbf)
+            roundtrip(false, "\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("3.2  Lonely start characters")
+        {
+            // 3.2.1  All 32 first bytes of 2-byte sequences (0xc0-0xdf)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc0 \xc1 \xc2 \xc3 \xc4 \xc5 \xc6 \xc7 \xc8 \xc9 \xca \xcb \xcc \xcd \xce \xcf \xd0 \xd1 \xd2 \xd3 \xd4 \xd5 \xd6 \xd7 \xd8 \xd9 \xda \xdb \xdc \xdd \xde \xdf");
+            // 3.2.2  All 16 first bytes of 3-byte sequences (0xe0-0xef)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xe0 \xe1 \xe2 \xe3 \xe4 \xe5 \xe6 \xe7 \xe8 \xe9 \xea \xeb \xec \xed \xee \xef");
+            // 3.2.3  All 8 first bytes of 4-byte sequences (0xf0-0xf7)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf0 \xf1 \xf2 \xf3 \xf4 \xf5 \xf6 \xf7");
+            // 3.2.4  All 4 first bytes of 5-byte sequences (0xf8-0xfb)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf8 \xf9 \xfa \xfb");
+            // 3.2.5  All 2 first bytes of 6-byte sequences (0xfc-0xfd)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfc \xfd");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("3.3  Sequences with last continuation byte missing")
+        {
+            // All bytes of an incomplete sequence should be signalled as a single
+            // malformed sequence, i.e., you should see only a single replacement
+            // character in each of the next 10 tests. (Characters as in section 2)
+
+            // 3.3.1  2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc0");
+            // 3.3.2  3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80");
+            // 3.3.3  4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80");
+            // 3.3.4  5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80");
+            // 3.3.5  6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80");
+            // 3.3.6  2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-000007FF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xdf");
+            // 3.3.7  3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-0000FFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xef\xbf");
+            // 3.3.8  4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-001FFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf7\xbf\xbf");
+            // 3.3.9  5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-03FFFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfb\xbf\xbf\xbf");
+            // 3.3.10 6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-7FFFFFFF)
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("3.4  Concatenation of incomplete sequences")
+        {
+            // All the 10 sequences of 3.3 concatenated, you should see 10 malformed
+            // sequences being signalled:
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\xe0\x80\xf0\x80\x80\xf8\x80\x80\x80\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\xdf\xef\xbf\xf7\xbf\xbf\xfb\xbf\xbf\xbf\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("3.5  Impossible bytes")
+        {
+            // The following two bytes cannot appear in a correct UTF-8 string
+
+            // 3.5.1  fe
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfe");
+            // 3.5.2  ff
+            roundtrip(false, "\xff");
+            // 3.5.3  fe fe ff ff
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfe\xfe\xff\xff");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("4  Overlong sequences")
+    {
+        // The following sequences are not malformed according to the letter of
+        // the Unicode 2.0 standard. However, they are longer then necessary and
+        // a correct UTF-8 encoder is not allowed to produce them. A "safe UTF-8
+        // decoder" should reject them just like malformed sequences for two
+        // reasons: (1) It helps to debug applications if overlong sequences are
+        // not treated as valid representations of characters, because this helps
+        // to spot problems more quickly. (2) Overlong sequences provide
+        // alternative representations of characters, that could maliciously be
+        // used to bypass filters that check only for ASCII characters. For
+        // instance, a 2-byte encoded line feed (LF) would not be caught by a
+        // line counter that counts only 0x0a bytes, but it would still be
+        // processed as a line feed by an unsafe UTF-8 decoder later in the
+        // pipeline. From a security point of view, ASCII compatibility of UTF-8
+        // sequences means also, that ASCII characters are *only* allowed to be
+        // represented by ASCII bytes in the range 0x00-0x7f. To ensure this
+        // aspect of ASCII compatibility, use only "safe UTF-8 decoders" that
+        // reject overlong UTF-8 sequences for which a shorter encoding exists.
+
+        SECTION("4.1  Examples of an overlong ASCII character")
+        {
+            // With a safe UTF-8 decoder, all of the following five overlong
+            // representations of the ASCII character slash ("/") should be rejected
+            // like a malformed UTF-8 sequence, for instance by substituting it with
+            // a replacement character. If you see a slash below, you do not have a
+            // safe UTF-8 decoder!
+
+            // 4.1.1 U+002F = c0 af
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\xaf");
+            // 4.1.2 U+002F = e0 80 af
+            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80\xaf");
+            // 4.1.3 U+002F = f0 80 80 af
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80\xaf");
+            // 4.1.4 U+002F = f8 80 80 80 af
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80\xaf");
+            // 4.1.5 U+002F = fc 80 80 80 80 af
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\xaf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("4.2  Maximum overlong sequences")
+        {
+            // Below you see the highest Unicode value that is still resulting in an
+            // overlong sequence if represented with the given number of bytes. This
+            // is a boundary test for safe UTF-8 decoders. All five characters should
+            // be rejected like malformed UTF-8 sequences.
+
+            // 4.2.1  U-0000007F = c1 bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc1\xbf");
+            // 4.2.2  U-000007FF = e0 9f bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x9f\xbf");
+            // 4.2.3  U-0000FFFF = f0 8f bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x8f\xbf\xbf");
+            // 4.2.4  U-001FFFFF = f8 87 bf bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x87\xbf\xbf\xbf");
+            // 4.2.5  U-03FFFFFF = fc 83 bf bf bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x83\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("4.3  Overlong representation of the NUL character")
+        {
+            // The following five sequences should also be rejected like malformed
+            // UTF-8 sequences and should not be treated like the ASCII NUL
+            // character.
+
+            // 4.3.1  U+0000 = c0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\x80");
+            // 4.3.2  U+0000 = e0 80 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80\x80");
+            // 4.3.3  U+0000 = f0 80 80 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80\x80");
+            // 4.3.4  U+0000 = f8 80 80 80 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80\x80");
+            // 4.3.5  U+0000 = fc 80 80 80 80 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("5  Illegal code positions")
+    {
+        // The following UTF-8 sequences should be rejected like malformed
+        // sequences, because they never represent valid ISO 10646 characters and
+        // a UTF-8 decoder that accepts them might introduce security problems
+        // comparable to overlong UTF-8 sequences.
+
+        SECTION("5.1 Single UTF-16 surrogates")
+        {
+            // 5.1.1  U+D800 = ed a0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80");
+            // 5.1.2  U+DB7F = ed ad bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf");
+            // 5.1.3  U+DB80 = ed ae 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80");
+            // 5.1.4  U+DBFF = ed af bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf");
+            // 5.1.5  U+DC00 = ed b0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xb0\x80");
+            // 5.1.6  U+DF80 = ed be 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xbe\x80");
+            // 5.1.7  U+DFFF = ed bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xbf\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("5.2 Paired UTF-16 surrogates")
+        {
+            // 5.2.1  U+D800 U+DC00 = ed a0 80 ed b0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80\xed\xb0\x80");
+            // 5.2.2  U+D800 U+DFFF = ed a0 80 ed bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80\xed\xbf\xbf");
+            // 5.2.3  U+DB7F U+DC00 = ed ad bf ed b0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf\xed\xb0\x80");
+            // 5.2.4  U+DB7F U+DFFF = ed ad bf ed bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf\xed\xbf\xbf");
+            // 5.2.5  U+DB80 U+DC00 = ed ae 80 ed b0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80\xed\xb0\x80");
+            // 5.2.6  U+DB80 U+DFFF = ed ae 80 ed bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80\xed\xbf\xbf");
+            // 5.2.7  U+DBFF U+DC00 = ed af bf ed b0 80
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf\xed\xb0\x80");
+            // 5.2.8  U+DBFF U+DFFF = ed af bf ed bf bf
+            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf\xed\xbf\xbf");
+        }
+
+        SECTION("5.3 Noncharacter code positions")
+        {
+            // The following "noncharacters" are "reserved for internal use" by
+            // applications, and according to older versions of the Unicode Standard
+            // "should never be interchanged". Unicode Corrigendum #9 dropped the
+            // latter restriction. Nevertheless, their presence in incoming UTF-8 data
+            // can remain a potential security risk, depending on what use is made of
+            // these codes subsequently. Examples of such internal use:
+            //
+            //  - Some file APIs with 16-bit characters may use the integer value -1
+            //    = U+FFFF to signal an end-of-file (EOF) or error condition.
+            //
+            //  - In some UTF-16 receivers, code point U+FFFE might trigger a
+            //    byte-swap operation (to convert between UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE).
+            //
+            // With such internal use of noncharacters, it may be desirable and safer
+            // to block those code points in UTF-8 decoders, as they should never
+            // occur legitimately in incoming UTF-8 data, and could trigger unsafe
+            // behaviour in subsequent processing.
+
+            // Particularly problematic noncharacters in 16-bit applications:
+
+            // 5.3.1  U+FFFE = ef bf be
+            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbe");
+            // 5.3.2  U+FFFF = ef bf bf
+            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbf");
+
+            // 5.3.3  U+FDD0 .. U+FDEF
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x90");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x91");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x92");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x93");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x94");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x95");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x96");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x97");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x98");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x99");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9A");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9B");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9C");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9D");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9E");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9F");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA0");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA1");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA2");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA3");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA4");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA5");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA6");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA7");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA8");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA9");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAA");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAB");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAC");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAD");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAE");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAF");
+
+            // 5.3.4  U+nFFFE U+nFFFF (for n = 1..10)
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\x9F\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\xAF\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\xBF\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\x8F\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\x9F\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\xAF\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\xBF\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\x8F\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\x9F\xBF\xBF");
+            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\xAF\xBF\xBF");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode2.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4897c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,631 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+namespace
+{
+extern size_t calls;
+size_t calls = 0;
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string.clear();
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    CAPTURE(byte2)
+    CAPTURE(byte3)
+    CAPTURE(byte4)
+
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    // store the string in a JSON value
+    static json j;
+    static json j2;
+    j = json_string;
+    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
+
+    static std::string s_ignored;
+    static std::string s_ignored2;
+    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
+    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced;
+    static std::string s_replaced2;
+    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
+
+    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
+    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        static std::string s_strict;
+        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
+        s_strict = j.dump();
+        // all dumps should agree on the string
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
+        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
+
+        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
+        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+}
+
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
+    {
+        std::cout << calls << " of 455355 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string = "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte2)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte3)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte4)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    json_string += "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    json _;
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Unicode (2/5)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("RFC 3629")
+    {
+        /*
+        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
+        follows:
+
+            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
+            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
+            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
+            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
+
+            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
+            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
+            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
+            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
+            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
+        */
+
+        SECTION("ill-formed first byte")
+        {
+            for (int byte1 = 0x80; byte1 <= 0xC1; ++byte1)
+            {
+                check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+            }
+
+            for (int byte1 = 0xF5; byte1 <= 0xFF; ++byte1)
+            {
+                check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-1 (x00-x7F)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0x00; byte1 <= 0x7F; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    // unescaped control characters are parse errors in JSON
+                    if (0x00 <= byte1 && byte1 <= 0x1F)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // a single quote is a parse error in JSON
+                    if (byte1 == 0x22)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // a single backslash is a parse error in JSON
+                    if (byte1 == 0x5C)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // all other characters are OK
+                    check_utf8string(true, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(true, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-2 (xC2-xDF UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xE0 xA0-BF UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0xA0 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xE1-xEC UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xED x80-9F UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0x9F)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xEE-xEF UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode3.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d7f70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+namespace
+{
+extern size_t calls;
+size_t calls = 0;
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string.clear();
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    CAPTURE(byte2)
+    CAPTURE(byte3)
+    CAPTURE(byte4)
+
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    // store the string in a JSON value
+    static json j;
+    static json j2;
+    j = json_string;
+    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
+
+    static std::string s_ignored;
+    static std::string s_ignored2;
+    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
+    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced;
+    static std::string s_replaced2;
+    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
+
+    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
+    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        static std::string s_strict;
+        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
+        s_strict = j.dump();
+        // all dumps should agree on the string
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
+        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
+
+        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
+        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+}
+
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
+    {
+        std::cout << calls << " of 1641521 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string = "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte2)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte3)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte4)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    json_string += "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    json _;
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Unicode (3/5)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("RFC 3629")
+    {
+        /*
+        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
+        follows:
+
+            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
+            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
+            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
+            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
+
+            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
+            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
+            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
+            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
+            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
+        */
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF0 x90-BF UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x90 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                // skip fourth second byte
+                                if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                                {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode4.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1de96a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+namespace
+{
+extern size_t calls;
+size_t calls = 0;
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string.clear();
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    CAPTURE(byte2)
+    CAPTURE(byte3)
+    CAPTURE(byte4)
+
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    // store the string in a JSON value
+    static json j;
+    static json j2;
+    j = json_string;
+    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
+
+    static std::string s_ignored;
+    static std::string s_ignored2;
+    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
+    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced;
+    static std::string s_replaced2;
+    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
+
+    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
+    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        static std::string s_strict;
+        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
+        s_strict = j.dump();
+        // all dumps should agree on the string
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
+        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
+
+        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
+        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+}
+
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
+    {
+        std::cout << calls << " of 5517507 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string = "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte2)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte3)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte4)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    json_string += "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    json _;
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Unicode (4/5)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("RFC 3629")
+    {
+        /*
+        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
+        follows:
+
+            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
+            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
+            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
+            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
+
+            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
+            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
+            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
+            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
+            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
+        */
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF1-F3 UTF8-tail UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                // skip correct fourth byte
+                                if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                                {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-unicode5.cpp b/test/src/unit-unicode5.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b871f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-unicode5.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
+#include <locale>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
+
+// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+
+namespace
+{
+extern size_t calls;
+size_t calls = 0;
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string.clear();
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    CAPTURE(byte2)
+    CAPTURE(byte3)
+    CAPTURE(byte4)
+
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    // store the string in a JSON value
+    static json j;
+    static json j2;
+    j = json_string;
+    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
+
+    static std::string s_ignored;
+    static std::string s_ignored2;
+    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
+    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced;
+    static std::string s_replaced2;
+    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
+    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
+
+    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
+    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
+    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
+
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        static std::string s_strict;
+        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
+        s_strict = j.dump();
+        // all dumps should agree on the string
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
+        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(j.dump(), json::type_error&);
+        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
+        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
+
+        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
+        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
+    }
+
+    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
+    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
+}
+
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
+
+// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
+void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
+{
+    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
+    {
+        std::cout << calls << " of 1246225 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    static std::string json_string;
+    json_string = "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(byte1)
+    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
+
+    if (byte2 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte2)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
+    }
+
+    if (byte3 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte3)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
+    }
+
+    if (byte4 != -1)
+    {
+        CAPTURE(byte4)
+        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
+    }
+
+    json_string += "\"";
+
+    CAPTURE(json_string)
+
+    json _;
+    if (success_expected)
+    {
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("Unicode (5/5)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    SECTION("RFC 3629")
+    {
+        /*
+        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
+        follows:
+
+            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
+            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
+            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
+            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
+
+            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
+            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
+            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
+            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
+            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
+                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
+            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
+        */
+
+        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF4 x80-8F UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
+        {
+            SECTION("well-formed")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
+                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
+                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        // skip correct second byte
+                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0x8F)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            // skip correct third byte
+                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
+            {
+                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
+                {
+                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
+                    {
+                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
+                        {
+                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
+                            {
+                                // skip correct fourth byte
+                                if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
+                                {
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+
+                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
diff --git a/test/src/unit-user_defined_input.cpp b/test/src/unit-user_defined_input.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2249f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-user_defined_input.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#include <list>
+
+namespace
+{
+TEST_CASE("Use arbitrary stdlib container")
+{
+    std::string raw_data = "[1,2,3,4]";
+    std::list<char> data(raw_data.begin(), raw_data.end());
+
+    json as_json = json::parse(data.begin(), data.end());
+    CHECK(as_json.at(0) == 1);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(1) == 2);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(2) == 3);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(3) == 4);
+}
+
+struct MyContainer
+{
+    const char* data;
+};
+
+const char* begin(const MyContainer& c)
+{
+    return c.data;
+}
+
+const char* end(const MyContainer& c)
+{
+    return c.data + strlen(c.data); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Custom container non-member begin/end")
+{
+
+    MyContainer data{"[1,2,3,4]"};
+    json as_json = json::parse(data);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(0) == 1);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(1) == 2);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(2) == 3);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(3) == 4);
+
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Custom container member begin/end")
+{
+    struct MyContainer2
+    {
+        const char* data;
+
+        const char* begin() const
+        {
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        const char* end() const
+        {
+            return data + strlen(data); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+        }
+    };
+
+    MyContainer2 data{"[1,2,3,4]"};
+    json as_json = json::parse(data);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(0) == 1);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(1) == 2);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(2) == 3);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(3) == 4);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Custom iterator")
+{
+    const char* raw_data = "[1,2,3,4]";
+
+    struct MyIterator
+    {
+        using difference_type = std::size_t;
+        using value_type = char;
+        using pointer = const char*;
+        using reference = const char&;
+        using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+
+        MyIterator& operator++()
+        {
+            ++ptr; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        reference operator*() const
+        {
+            return *ptr;
+        }
+
+        bool operator!=(const MyIterator& rhs) const
+        {
+            return ptr != rhs.ptr;
+        }
+
+        const char* ptr;
+    };
+
+    // avoid -Wunused-local-typedefs
+    CHECK(std::is_same<MyIterator::difference_type, std::size_t>::value);
+    CHECK(std::is_same<MyIterator::value_type, char>::value);
+    CHECK(std::is_same<MyIterator::pointer, const char*>::value);
+    CHECK(std::is_same<MyIterator::reference, const char&>::value);
+    CHECK(std::is_same<MyIterator::iterator_category, std::input_iterator_tag>::value);
+
+    MyIterator begin{raw_data};
+    MyIterator end{raw_data + strlen(raw_data)}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+
+    json as_json = json::parse(begin, end);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(0) == 1);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(1) == 2);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(2) == 3);
+    CHECK(as_json.at(3) == 4);
+}
+
+} // namespace
diff --git a/test/src/unit-wstring.cpp b/test/src/unit-wstring.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1be4d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit-wstring.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace
+{
+bool wstring_is_utf16();
+bool wstring_is_utf16()
+{
+    return (std::wstring(L"💩") == std::wstring(L"\U0001F4A9"));
+}
+
+bool u16string_is_utf16();
+bool u16string_is_utf16()
+{
+    return (std::u16string(u"💩") == std::u16string(u"\U0001F4A9"));
+}
+
+bool u32string_is_utf32();
+bool u32string_is_utf32()
+{
+    return (std::u32string(U"💩") == std::u32string(U"\U0001F4A9"));
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("wide strings")
+{
+    SECTION("std::wstring")
+    {
+        if (wstring_is_utf16())
+        {
+            std::wstring w = L"[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]";
+            json j = json::parse(w);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == "[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("invalid std::wstring")
+    {
+        if (wstring_is_utf16())
+        {
+            std::wstring w = L"\"\xDBFF";
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(w), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("std::u16string")
+    {
+        if (u16string_is_utf16())
+        {
+            std::u16string w = u"[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]";
+            json j = json::parse(w);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == "[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("invalid std::u16string")
+    {
+        if (wstring_is_utf16())
+        {
+            std::u16string w = u"\"\xDBFF";
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(w), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("std::u32string")
+    {
+        if (u32string_is_utf32())
+        {
+            std::u32string w = U"[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]";
+            json j = json::parse(w);
+            CHECK(j.dump() == "[12.2,\"Ⴥaäö💤🧢\"]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("invalid std::u32string")
+    {
+        if (u32string_is_utf32())
+        {
+            std::u32string w = U"\"\x110000";
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(w), json::parse_error&);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/src/unit.cpp b/test/src/unit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bd8f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/src/unit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+    __ _____ _____ _____
+ __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (test suite)
+|  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.10.0
+|_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+
+Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Niels Lohmann <http://nlohmann.me>.
+
+Permission is hereby  granted, free of charge, to any  person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated  documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software  without restriction, including without  limitation the rights
+to  use, copy,  modify, merge,  publish, distribute,  sublicense, and/or  sell
+copies  of  the Software,  and  to  permit persons  to  whom  the Software  is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE  IS PROVIDED "AS  IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND,  EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED,  INCLUDING BUT  NOT  LIMITED TO  THE  WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT  SHALL THE
+AUTHORS  OR COPYRIGHT  HOLDERS  BE  LIABLE FOR  ANY  CLAIM,  DAMAGES OR  OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF  CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE  OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70bd017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+set(LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+# Disable the coverage and sanitizer instrumentation for the fuzzer itself.
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE} -fno-sanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard,edge,trace-cmp,indirect-calls,8bit-counters -Werror")
+if( LLVM_USE_SANITIZE_COVERAGE )
+  if(NOT "${LLVM_USE_SANITIZER}" STREQUAL "Address")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR
+      "LibFuzzer and its tests require LLVM_USE_SANITIZER=Address and "
+      "LLVM_USE_SANITIZE_COVERAGE=YES to be set."
+      )
+  endif()
+  add_library(LLVMFuzzerNoMainObjects OBJECT
+    FuzzerCrossOver.cpp
+    FuzzerDriver.cpp
+    FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp
+    FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp
+    FuzzerExtFunctionsWeakAlias.cpp
+    FuzzerIO.cpp
+    FuzzerIOPosix.cpp
+    FuzzerIOWindows.cpp
+    FuzzerLoop.cpp
+    FuzzerMerge.cpp
+    FuzzerMutate.cpp
+    FuzzerSHA1.cpp
+    FuzzerTracePC.cpp
+    FuzzerTraceState.cpp
+    FuzzerUtil.cpp
+    FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp
+    FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp
+    FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp
+    FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp
+    )
+  add_library(LLVMFuzzerNoMain STATIC
+    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:LLVMFuzzerNoMainObjects>
+    )
+  target_link_libraries(LLVMFuzzerNoMain ${PTHREAD_LIB})
+  add_library(LLVMFuzzer STATIC
+    FuzzerMain.cpp
+    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:LLVMFuzzerNoMainObjects>
+    )
+  target_link_libraries(LLVMFuzzer ${PTHREAD_LIB})
+
+  if( LLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS )
+    add_subdirectory(test)
+  endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCorpus.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCorpus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..663c585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCorpus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+//===- FuzzerCorpus.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ----------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::InputCorpus
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_CORPUS
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_CORPUS
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include "FuzzerSHA1.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include <numeric>
+#include <random>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+struct InputInfo {
+  Unit U;  // The actual input data.
+  uint8_t Sha1[kSHA1NumBytes];  // Checksum.
+  // Number of features that this input has and no smaller input has.
+  size_t NumFeatures = 0;
+  size_t Tmp = 0; // Used by ValidateFeatureSet.
+  // Stats.
+  size_t NumExecutedMutations = 0;
+  size_t NumSuccessfullMutations = 0;
+  bool MayDeleteFile = false;
+};
+
+class InputCorpus {
+ public:
+  static const size_t kFeatureSetSize = 1 << 16;
+  InputCorpus(const std::string &OutputCorpus) : OutputCorpus(OutputCorpus) {
+    memset(InputSizesPerFeature, 0, sizeof(InputSizesPerFeature));
+    memset(SmallestElementPerFeature, 0, sizeof(SmallestElementPerFeature));
+  }
+  ~InputCorpus() {
+    for (auto II : Inputs)
+      delete II;
+  }
+  size_t size() const { return Inputs.size(); }
+  size_t SizeInBytes() const {
+    size_t Res = 0;
+    for (auto II : Inputs)
+      Res += II->U.size();
+    return Res;
+  }
+  size_t NumActiveUnits() const {
+    size_t Res = 0;
+    for (auto II : Inputs)
+      Res += !II->U.empty();
+    return Res;
+  }
+  bool empty() const { return Inputs.empty(); }
+  const Unit &operator[] (size_t Idx) const { return Inputs[Idx]->U; }
+  void AddToCorpus(const Unit &U, size_t NumFeatures, bool MayDeleteFile = false) {
+    assert(!U.empty());
+    uint8_t Hash[kSHA1NumBytes];
+    if (FeatureDebug)
+      Printf("ADD_TO_CORPUS %zd NF %zd\n", Inputs.size(), NumFeatures);
+    ComputeSHA1(U.data(), U.size(), Hash);
+    Hashes.insert(Sha1ToString(Hash));
+    Inputs.push_back(new InputInfo());
+    InputInfo &II = *Inputs.back();
+    II.U = U;
+    II.NumFeatures = NumFeatures;
+    II.MayDeleteFile = MayDeleteFile;
+    memcpy(II.Sha1, Hash, kSHA1NumBytes);
+    UpdateCorpusDistribution();
+    ValidateFeatureSet();
+  }
+
+  bool HasUnit(const Unit &U) { return Hashes.count(Hash(U)); }
+  bool HasUnit(const std::string &H) { return Hashes.count(H); }
+  InputInfo &ChooseUnitToMutate(Random &Rand) {
+    InputInfo &II = *Inputs[ChooseUnitIdxToMutate(Rand)];
+    assert(!II.U.empty());
+    return II;
+  };
+
+  // Returns an index of random unit from the corpus to mutate.
+  // Hypothesis: units added to the corpus last are more likely to be
+  // interesting. This function gives more weight to the more recent units.
+  size_t ChooseUnitIdxToMutate(Random &Rand) {
+    size_t Idx = static_cast<size_t>(CorpusDistribution(Rand.Get_mt19937()));
+    assert(Idx < Inputs.size());
+    return Idx;
+  }
+
+  void PrintStats() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Inputs.size(); i++) {
+      const auto &II = *Inputs[i];
+      Printf("  [%zd %s]\tsz: %zd\truns: %zd\tsucc: %zd\n", i,
+             Sha1ToString(II.Sha1).c_str(), II.U.size(),
+             II.NumExecutedMutations, II.NumSuccessfullMutations);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PrintFeatureSet() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kFeatureSetSize; i++) {
+      if(size_t Sz = GetFeature(i))
+        Printf("[%zd: id %zd sz%zd] ", i, SmallestElementPerFeature[i], Sz);
+    }
+    Printf("\n\t");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Inputs.size(); i++)
+      if (size_t N = Inputs[i]->NumFeatures)
+        Printf(" %zd=>%zd ", i, N);
+    Printf("\n");
+  }
+
+  void DeleteInput(size_t Idx) {
+    InputInfo &II = *Inputs[Idx];
+    if (!OutputCorpus.empty() && II.MayDeleteFile)
+      RemoveFile(DirPlusFile(OutputCorpus, Sha1ToString(II.Sha1)));
+    Unit().swap(II.U);
+    if (FeatureDebug)
+      Printf("EVICTED %zd\n", Idx);
+  }
+
+  bool AddFeature(size_t Idx, uint32_t NewSize, bool Shrink) {
+    assert(NewSize);
+    Idx = Idx % kFeatureSetSize;
+    uint32_t OldSize = GetFeature(Idx);
+    if (OldSize == 0 || (Shrink && OldSize > NewSize)) {
+      if (OldSize > 0) {
+        size_t OldIdx = SmallestElementPerFeature[Idx];
+        InputInfo &II = *Inputs[OldIdx];
+        assert(II.NumFeatures > 0);
+        II.NumFeatures--;
+        if (II.NumFeatures == 0)
+          DeleteInput(OldIdx);
+      }
+      if (FeatureDebug)
+        Printf("ADD FEATURE %zd sz %d\n", Idx, NewSize);
+      SmallestElementPerFeature[Idx] = Inputs.size();
+      InputSizesPerFeature[Idx] = NewSize;
+      CountingFeatures = true;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t NumFeatures() const {
+    size_t Res = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kFeatureSetSize; i++)
+      Res += GetFeature(i) != 0;
+    return Res;
+  }
+
+  void ResetFeatureSet() {
+    assert(Inputs.empty());
+    memset(InputSizesPerFeature, 0, sizeof(InputSizesPerFeature));
+    memset(SmallestElementPerFeature, 0, sizeof(SmallestElementPerFeature));
+  }
+
+private:
+
+  static const bool FeatureDebug = false;
+
+  size_t GetFeature(size_t Idx) const { return InputSizesPerFeature[Idx]; }
+
+  void ValidateFeatureSet() {
+    if (!CountingFeatures) return;
+    if (FeatureDebug)
+      PrintFeatureSet();
+    for (size_t Idx = 0; Idx < kFeatureSetSize; Idx++)
+      if (GetFeature(Idx))
+        Inputs[SmallestElementPerFeature[Idx]]->Tmp++;
+    for (auto II: Inputs) {
+      if (II->Tmp != II->NumFeatures)
+        Printf("ZZZ %zd %zd\n", II->Tmp, II->NumFeatures);
+      assert(II->Tmp == II->NumFeatures);
+      II->Tmp = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Updates the probability distribution for the units in the corpus.
+  // Must be called whenever the corpus or unit weights are changed.
+  void UpdateCorpusDistribution() {
+    size_t N = Inputs.size();
+    Intervals.resize(N + 1);
+    Weights.resize(N);
+    std::iota(Intervals.begin(), Intervals.end(), 0);
+    if (CountingFeatures)
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+        Weights[i] = Inputs[i]->NumFeatures * (i + 1);
+    else
+      std::iota(Weights.begin(), Weights.end(), 1);
+    CorpusDistribution = std::piecewise_constant_distribution<double>(
+        Intervals.begin(), Intervals.end(), Weights.begin());
+  }
+  std::piecewise_constant_distribution<double> CorpusDistribution;
+
+  std::vector<double> Intervals;
+  std::vector<double> Weights;
+
+  std::unordered_set<std::string> Hashes;
+  std::vector<InputInfo*> Inputs;
+
+  bool CountingFeatures = false;
+  uint32_t InputSizesPerFeature[kFeatureSetSize];
+  uint32_t SmallestElementPerFeature[kFeatureSetSize];
+
+  std::string OutputCorpus;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_CORPUS
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCrossOver.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCrossOver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b0fd7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerCrossOver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//===- FuzzerCrossOver.cpp - Cross over two test inputs -------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Cross over test inputs.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// Cross Data1 and Data2, store the result (up to MaxOutSize bytes) in Out.
+size_t MutationDispatcher::CrossOver(const uint8_t *Data1, size_t Size1,
+                                     const uint8_t *Data2, size_t Size2,
+                                     uint8_t *Out, size_t MaxOutSize) {
+  assert(Size1 || Size2);
+  MaxOutSize = Rand(MaxOutSize) + 1;
+  size_t OutPos = 0;
+  size_t Pos1 = 0;
+  size_t Pos2 = 0;
+  size_t *InPos = &Pos1;
+  size_t InSize = Size1;
+  const uint8_t *Data = Data1;
+  bool CurrentlyUsingFirstData = true;
+  while (OutPos < MaxOutSize && (Pos1 < Size1 || Pos2 < Size2)) {
+    // Merge a part of Data into Out.
+    size_t OutSizeLeft = MaxOutSize - OutPos;
+    if (*InPos < InSize) {
+      size_t InSizeLeft = InSize - *InPos;
+      size_t MaxExtraSize = std::min(OutSizeLeft, InSizeLeft);
+      size_t ExtraSize = Rand(MaxExtraSize) + 1;
+      memcpy(Out + OutPos, Data + *InPos, ExtraSize);
+      OutPos += ExtraSize;
+      (*InPos) += ExtraSize;
+    }
+    // Use the other input data on the next iteration.
+    InPos  = CurrentlyUsingFirstData ? &Pos2 : &Pos1;
+    InSize = CurrentlyUsingFirstData ? Size2 : Size1;
+    Data   = CurrentlyUsingFirstData ? Data2 : Data1;
+    CurrentlyUsingFirstData = !CurrentlyUsingFirstData;
+  }
+  return OutPos;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDefs.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDefs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5b8a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDefs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//===- FuzzerDefs.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Basic definitions.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_DEFS_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_DEFS_H
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Platform detection.
+#ifdef __linux__
+#define LIBFUZZER_APPLE 0
+#define LIBFUZZER_LINUX 1
+#define LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS 0
+#elif __APPLE__
+#define LIBFUZZER_APPLE 1
+#define LIBFUZZER_LINUX 0
+#define LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS 0
+#elif _WIN32
+#define LIBFUZZER_APPLE 0
+#define LIBFUZZER_LINUX 0
+#define LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS 1
+#else
+#error "Support for your platform has not been implemented"
+#endif
+
+#define LIBFUZZER_POSIX LIBFUZZER_APPLE || LIBFUZZER_LINUX
+
+#ifdef __x86_64
+#define ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_POPCNT __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
+#else
+#define ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_POPCNT
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __clang__  // avoid gcc warning.
+#  define ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY __attribute__((no_sanitize("memory")))
+#else
+#  define ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+#endif
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+template <class T> T Min(T a, T b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
+template <class T> T Max(T a, T b) { return a > b ? a : b; }
+
+class Random;
+class Dictionary;
+class DictionaryEntry;
+class MutationDispatcher;
+struct FuzzingOptions;
+class InputCorpus;
+struct InputInfo;
+struct ExternalFunctions;
+
+// Global interface to functions that may or may not be available.
+extern ExternalFunctions *EF;
+
+typedef std::vector<uint8_t> Unit;
+typedef std::vector<Unit> UnitVector;
+typedef int (*UserCallback)(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+int FuzzerDriver(int *argc, char ***argv, UserCallback Callback);
+
+struct ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem {
+  ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem();
+  ~ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem();
+};
+
+inline uint8_t  Bswap(uint8_t x)  { return x; }
+inline uint16_t Bswap(uint16_t x) { return __builtin_bswap16(x); }
+inline uint32_t Bswap(uint32_t x) { return __builtin_bswap32(x); }
+inline uint64_t Bswap(uint64_t x) { return __builtin_bswap64(x); }
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_DEFS_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDictionary.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDictionary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eba0eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDictionary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//===- FuzzerDictionary.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::Dictionary
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_DICTIONARY_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_DICTIONARY_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerUtil.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+// A simple POD sized array of bytes.
+template <size_t kMaxSize> class FixedWord {
+public:
+  FixedWord() {}
+  FixedWord(const uint8_t *B, uint8_t S) { Set(B, S); }
+
+  void Set(const uint8_t *B, uint8_t S) {
+    assert(S <= kMaxSize);
+    memcpy(Data, B, S);
+    Size = S;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const FixedWord<kMaxSize> &w) const {
+    return Size == w.Size && 0 == memcmp(Data, w.Data, Size);
+  }
+
+  bool operator<(const FixedWord<kMaxSize> &w) const {
+    if (Size != w.Size)
+      return Size < w.Size;
+    return memcmp(Data, w.Data, Size) < 0;
+  }
+
+  static size_t GetMaxSize() { return kMaxSize; }
+  const uint8_t *data() const { return Data; }
+  uint8_t size() const { return Size; }
+
+private:
+  uint8_t Size = 0;
+  uint8_t Data[kMaxSize];
+};
+
+typedef FixedWord<27> Word; // 28 bytes.
+
+class DictionaryEntry {
+ public:
+  DictionaryEntry() {}
+  DictionaryEntry(Word W) : W(W) {}
+  DictionaryEntry(Word W, size_t PositionHint) : W(W), PositionHint(PositionHint) {}
+  const Word &GetW() const { return W; }
+
+  bool HasPositionHint() const { return PositionHint != std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(); }
+  size_t GetPositionHint() const {
+    assert(HasPositionHint());
+    return PositionHint;
+  }
+  void IncUseCount() { UseCount++; }
+  void IncSuccessCount() { SuccessCount++; }
+  size_t GetUseCount() const { return UseCount; }
+  size_t GetSuccessCount() const {return SuccessCount; }
+
+  void Print(const char *PrintAfter = "\n") {
+    PrintASCII(W.data(), W.size());
+    if (HasPositionHint())
+      Printf("@%zd", GetPositionHint());
+    Printf("%s", PrintAfter);
+  }
+
+private:
+  Word W;
+  size_t PositionHint = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+  size_t UseCount = 0;
+  size_t SuccessCount = 0;
+};
+
+class Dictionary {
+ public:
+  static const size_t kMaxDictSize = 1 << 14;
+
+  bool ContainsWord(const Word &W) const {
+    return std::any_of(begin(), end(), [&](const DictionaryEntry &DE) {
+      return DE.GetW() == W;
+    });
+  }
+  const DictionaryEntry *begin() const { return &DE[0]; }
+  const DictionaryEntry *end() const { return begin() + Size; }
+  DictionaryEntry & operator[] (size_t Idx) {
+    assert(Idx < Size);
+    return DE[Idx];
+  }
+  void push_back(DictionaryEntry DE) {
+    if (Size < kMaxDictSize)
+      this->DE[Size++] = DE;
+  }
+  void clear() { Size = 0; }
+  bool empty() const { return Size == 0; }
+  size_t size() const { return Size; }
+
+private:
+  DictionaryEntry DE[kMaxDictSize];
+  size_t Size = 0;
+};
+
+// Parses one dictionary entry.
+// If successfull, write the enty to Unit and returns true,
+// otherwise returns false.
+bool ParseOneDictionaryEntry(const std::string &Str, Unit *U);
+// Parses the dictionary file, fills Units, returns true iff all lines
+// were parsed succesfully.
+bool ParseDictionaryFile(const std::string &Text, std::vector<Unit> *Units);
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_DICTIONARY_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDriver.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDriver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95b0721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerDriver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+//===- FuzzerDriver.cpp - FuzzerDriver function and flags -----------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// FuzzerDriver and flag parsing.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerCorpus.h"
+#include "FuzzerInterface.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+// This function should be present in the libFuzzer so that the client
+// binary can test for its existence.
+extern "C" __attribute__((used)) void __libfuzzer_is_present() {}
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// Program arguments.
+struct FlagDescription {
+  const char *Name;
+  const char *Description;
+  int   Default;
+  int   *IntFlag;
+  const char **StrFlag;
+  unsigned int *UIntFlag;
+};
+
+struct {
+#define FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(Name)
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_INT(Name, Default, Description) int Name;
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED(Name, Default, Description) unsigned int Name;
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(Name, Description) const char *Name;
+#include "FuzzerFlags.def"
+#undef FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_INT
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_STRING
+} Flags;
+
+static const FlagDescription FlagDescriptions [] {
+#define FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(Name)                                           \
+  {#Name, "Deprecated; don't use", 0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr},
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_INT(Name, Default, Description)                            \
+  {#Name, Description, Default, &Flags.Name, nullptr, nullptr},
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED(Name, Default, Description)                       \
+  {#Name,   Description, static_cast<int>(Default),                            \
+   nullptr, nullptr, &Flags.Name},
+#define FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(Name, Description)                                  \
+  {#Name, Description, 0, nullptr, &Flags.Name, nullptr},
+#include "FuzzerFlags.def"
+#undef FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_INT
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED
+#undef FUZZER_FLAG_STRING
+};
+
+static const size_t kNumFlags =
+    sizeof(FlagDescriptions) / sizeof(FlagDescriptions[0]);
+
+static std::vector<std::string> *Inputs;
+static std::string *ProgName;
+
+static void PrintHelp() {
+  Printf("Usage:\n");
+  auto Prog = ProgName->c_str();
+  Printf("\nTo run fuzzing pass 0 or more directories.\n");
+  Printf("%s [-flag1=val1 [-flag2=val2 ...] ] [dir1 [dir2 ...] ]\n", Prog);
+
+  Printf("\nTo run individual tests without fuzzing pass 1 or more files:\n");
+  Printf("%s [-flag1=val1 [-flag2=val2 ...] ] file1 [file2 ...]\n", Prog);
+
+  Printf("\nFlags: (strictly in form -flag=value)\n");
+  size_t MaxFlagLen = 0;
+  for (size_t F = 0; F < kNumFlags; F++)
+    MaxFlagLen = std::max(strlen(FlagDescriptions[F].Name), MaxFlagLen);
+
+  for (size_t F = 0; F < kNumFlags; F++) {
+    const auto &D = FlagDescriptions[F];
+    if (strstr(D.Description, "internal flag") == D.Description) continue;
+    Printf(" %s", D.Name);
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = MaxFlagLen - strlen(D.Name); i < n; i++)
+      Printf(" ");
+    Printf("\t");
+    Printf("%d\t%s\n", D.Default, D.Description);
+  }
+  Printf("\nFlags starting with '--' will be ignored and "
+            "will be passed verbatim to subprocesses.\n");
+}
+
+static const char *FlagValue(const char *Param, const char *Name) {
+  size_t Len = strlen(Name);
+  if (Param[0] == '-' && strstr(Param + 1, Name) == Param + 1 &&
+      Param[Len + 1] == '=')
+      return &Param[Len + 2];
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+// Avoid calling stol as it triggers a bug in clang/glibc build.
+static long MyStol(const char *Str) {
+  long Res = 0;
+  long Sign = 1;
+  if (*Str == '-') {
+    Str++;
+    Sign = -1;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; Str[i]; i++) {
+    char Ch = Str[i];
+    if (Ch < '0' || Ch > '9')
+      return Res;
+    Res = Res * 10 + (Ch - '0');
+  }
+  return Res * Sign;
+}
+
+static bool ParseOneFlag(const char *Param) {
+  if (Param[0] != '-') return false;
+  if (Param[1] == '-') {
+    static bool PrintedWarning = false;
+    if (!PrintedWarning) {
+      PrintedWarning = true;
+      Printf("INFO: libFuzzer ignores flags that start with '--'\n");
+    }
+    for (size_t F = 0; F < kNumFlags; F++)
+      if (FlagValue(Param + 1, FlagDescriptions[F].Name))
+        Printf("WARNING: did you mean '%s' (single dash)?\n", Param + 1);
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (size_t F = 0; F < kNumFlags; F++) {
+    const char *Name = FlagDescriptions[F].Name;
+    const char *Str = FlagValue(Param, Name);
+    if (Str)  {
+      if (FlagDescriptions[F].IntFlag) {
+        int Val = MyStol(Str);
+        *FlagDescriptions[F].IntFlag = Val;
+        if (Flags.verbosity >= 2)
+          Printf("Flag: %s %d\n", Name, Val);;
+        return true;
+      } else if (FlagDescriptions[F].UIntFlag) {
+        unsigned int Val = std::stoul(Str);
+        *FlagDescriptions[F].UIntFlag = Val;
+        if (Flags.verbosity >= 2)
+          Printf("Flag: %s %u\n", Name, Val);
+        return true;
+      } else if (FlagDescriptions[F].StrFlag) {
+        *FlagDescriptions[F].StrFlag = Str;
+        if (Flags.verbosity >= 2)
+          Printf("Flag: %s %s\n", Name, Str);
+        return true;
+      } else {  // Deprecated flag.
+        Printf("Flag: %s: deprecated, don't use\n", Name);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  Printf("\n\nWARNING: unrecognized flag '%s'; "
+         "use -help=1 to list all flags\n\n", Param);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// We don't use any library to minimize dependencies.
+static void ParseFlags(const std::vector<std::string> &Args) {
+  for (size_t F = 0; F < kNumFlags; F++) {
+    if (FlagDescriptions[F].IntFlag)
+      *FlagDescriptions[F].IntFlag = FlagDescriptions[F].Default;
+    if (FlagDescriptions[F].UIntFlag)
+      *FlagDescriptions[F].UIntFlag =
+          static_cast<unsigned int>(FlagDescriptions[F].Default);
+    if (FlagDescriptions[F].StrFlag)
+      *FlagDescriptions[F].StrFlag = nullptr;
+  }
+  Inputs = new std::vector<std::string>;
+  for (size_t A = 1; A < Args.size(); A++) {
+    if (ParseOneFlag(Args[A].c_str())) continue;
+    Inputs->push_back(Args[A]);
+  }
+}
+
+static std::mutex Mu;
+
+static void PulseThread() {
+  while (true) {
+    SleepSeconds(600);
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(Mu);
+    Printf("pulse...\n");
+  }
+}
+
+static void WorkerThread(const std::string &Cmd, std::atomic<unsigned> *Counter,
+                         unsigned NumJobs, std::atomic<bool> *HasErrors) {
+  while (true) {
+    unsigned C = (*Counter)++;
+    if (C >= NumJobs) break;
+    std::string Log = "fuzz-" + std::to_string(C) + ".log";
+    std::string ToRun = Cmd + " > " + Log + " 2>&1\n";
+    if (Flags.verbosity)
+      Printf("%s", ToRun.c_str());
+    int ExitCode = ExecuteCommand(ToRun);
+    if (ExitCode != 0)
+      *HasErrors = true;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(Mu);
+    Printf("================== Job %u exited with exit code %d ============\n",
+           C, ExitCode);
+    fuzzer::CopyFileToErr(Log);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string CloneArgsWithoutX(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                              const char *X1, const char *X2) {
+  std::string Cmd;
+  for (auto &S : Args) {
+    if (FlagValue(S.c_str(), X1) || FlagValue(S.c_str(), X2))
+      continue;
+    Cmd += S + " ";
+  }
+  return Cmd;
+}
+
+static int RunInMultipleProcesses(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                                  unsigned NumWorkers, unsigned NumJobs) {
+  std::atomic<unsigned> Counter(0);
+  std::atomic<bool> HasErrors(false);
+  std::string Cmd = CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, "jobs", "workers");
+  std::vector<std::thread> V;
+  std::thread Pulse(PulseThread);
+  Pulse.detach();
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumWorkers; i++)
+    V.push_back(std::thread(WorkerThread, Cmd, &Counter, NumJobs, &HasErrors));
+  for (auto &T : V)
+    T.join();
+  return HasErrors ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void RssThread(Fuzzer *F, size_t RssLimitMb) {
+  while (true) {
+    SleepSeconds(1);
+    size_t Peak = GetPeakRSSMb();
+    if (Peak > RssLimitMb)
+      F->RssLimitCallback();
+  }
+}
+
+static void StartRssThread(Fuzzer *F, size_t RssLimitMb) {
+  if (!RssLimitMb) return;
+  std::thread T(RssThread, F, RssLimitMb);
+  T.detach();
+}
+
+int RunOneTest(Fuzzer *F, const char *InputFilePath, size_t MaxLen) {
+  Unit U = FileToVector(InputFilePath);
+  if (MaxLen && MaxLen < U.size())
+    U.resize(MaxLen);
+  F->RunOne(U.data(), U.size());
+  F->TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(U.data(), U.size(), true);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static bool AllInputsAreFiles() {
+  if (Inputs->empty()) return false;
+  for (auto &Path : *Inputs)
+    if (!IsFile(Path))
+      return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+int MinimizeCrashInput(const std::vector<std::string> &Args) {
+  if (Inputs->size() != 1) {
+    Printf("ERROR: -minimize_crash should be given one input file\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  std::string InputFilePath = Inputs->at(0);
+  std::string BaseCmd =
+      CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, "minimize_crash", "exact_artifact_path");
+  auto InputPos = BaseCmd.find(" " + InputFilePath + " ");
+  assert(InputPos != std::string::npos);
+  BaseCmd.erase(InputPos, InputFilePath.size() + 1);
+  if (Flags.runs <= 0 && Flags.max_total_time == 0) {
+    Printf("INFO: you need to specify -runs=N or "
+           "-max_total_time=N with -minimize_crash=1\n"
+           "INFO: defaulting to -max_total_time=600\n");
+    BaseCmd += " -max_total_time=600";
+  }
+  // BaseCmd += " >  /dev/null 2>&1 ";
+
+  std::string CurrentFilePath = InputFilePath;
+  while (true) {
+    Unit U = FileToVector(CurrentFilePath);
+    if (U.size() < 2) {
+      Printf("CRASH_MIN: '%s' is small enough\n", CurrentFilePath.c_str());
+      return 0;
+    }
+    Printf("CRASH_MIN: minimizing crash input: '%s' (%zd bytes)\n",
+           CurrentFilePath.c_str(), U.size());
+
+    auto Cmd = BaseCmd + " " + CurrentFilePath;
+
+    Printf("CRASH_MIN: executing: %s\n", Cmd.c_str());
+    int ExitCode = ExecuteCommand(Cmd);
+    if (ExitCode == 0) {
+      Printf("ERROR: the input %s did not crash\n", CurrentFilePath.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    Printf("CRASH_MIN: '%s' (%zd bytes) caused a crash. Will try to minimize "
+           "it further\n",
+           CurrentFilePath.c_str(), U.size());
+
+    std::string ArtifactPath = "minimized-from-" + Hash(U);
+    Cmd += " -minimize_crash_internal_step=1 -exact_artifact_path=" +
+        ArtifactPath;
+    Printf("CRASH_MIN: executing: %s\n", Cmd.c_str());
+    ExitCode = ExecuteCommand(Cmd);
+    if (ExitCode == 0) {
+      if (Flags.exact_artifact_path) {
+        CurrentFilePath = Flags.exact_artifact_path;
+        WriteToFile(U, CurrentFilePath);
+      }
+      Printf("CRASH_MIN: failed to minimize beyond %s (%d bytes), exiting\n",
+             CurrentFilePath.c_str(), U.size());
+      return 0;
+    }
+    CurrentFilePath = ArtifactPath;
+    Printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n*********************************\n");
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int MinimizeCrashInputInternalStep(Fuzzer *F, InputCorpus *Corpus) {
+  assert(Inputs->size() == 1);
+  std::string InputFilePath = Inputs->at(0);
+  Unit U = FileToVector(InputFilePath);
+  assert(U.size() > 2);
+  Printf("INFO: Starting MinimizeCrashInputInternalStep: %zd\n", U.size());
+  Corpus->AddToCorpus(U, 0);
+  F->SetMaxInputLen(U.size());
+  F->SetMaxMutationLen(U.size() - 1);
+  F->MinimizeCrashLoop(U);
+  Printf("INFO: Done MinimizeCrashInputInternalStep, no crashes found\n");
+  exit(0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int FuzzerDriver(int *argc, char ***argv, UserCallback Callback) {
+  using namespace fuzzer;
+  assert(argc && argv && "Argument pointers cannot be nullptr");
+  EF = new ExternalFunctions();
+  if (EF->LLVMFuzzerInitialize)
+    EF->LLVMFuzzerInitialize(argc, argv);
+  const std::vector<std::string> Args(*argv, *argv + *argc);
+  assert(!Args.empty());
+  ProgName = new std::string(Args[0]);
+  ParseFlags(Args);
+  if (Flags.help) {
+    PrintHelp();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (Flags.minimize_crash)
+    return MinimizeCrashInput(Args);
+
+  if (Flags.close_fd_mask & 2)
+    DupAndCloseStderr();
+  if (Flags.close_fd_mask & 1)
+    CloseStdout();
+
+  if (Flags.jobs > 0 && Flags.workers == 0) {
+    Flags.workers = std::min(NumberOfCpuCores() / 2, Flags.jobs);
+    if (Flags.workers > 1)
+      Printf("Running %u workers\n", Flags.workers);
+  }
+
+  if (Flags.workers > 0 && Flags.jobs > 0)
+    return RunInMultipleProcesses(Args, Flags.workers, Flags.jobs);
+
+  const size_t kMaxSaneLen = 1 << 20;
+  const size_t kMinDefaultLen = 64;
+  FuzzingOptions Options;
+  Options.Verbosity = Flags.verbosity;
+  Options.MaxLen = Flags.max_len;
+  Options.UnitTimeoutSec = Flags.timeout;
+  Options.ErrorExitCode = Flags.error_exitcode;
+  Options.TimeoutExitCode = Flags.timeout_exitcode;
+  Options.MaxTotalTimeSec = Flags.max_total_time;
+  Options.DoCrossOver = Flags.cross_over;
+  Options.MutateDepth = Flags.mutate_depth;
+  Options.UseCounters = Flags.use_counters;
+  Options.UseIndirCalls = Flags.use_indir_calls;
+  Options.UseMemcmp = Flags.use_memcmp;
+  Options.UseMemmem = Flags.use_memmem;
+  Options.UseCmp = Flags.use_cmp;
+  Options.UseValueProfile = Flags.use_value_profile;
+  Options.Shrink = Flags.shrink;
+  Options.ShuffleAtStartUp = Flags.shuffle;
+  Options.PreferSmall = Flags.prefer_small;
+  Options.ReloadIntervalSec = Flags.reload;
+  Options.OnlyASCII = Flags.only_ascii;
+  Options.OutputCSV = Flags.output_csv;
+  Options.DetectLeaks = Flags.detect_leaks;
+  Options.TraceMalloc = Flags.trace_malloc;
+  Options.RssLimitMb = Flags.rss_limit_mb;
+  if (Flags.runs >= 0)
+    Options.MaxNumberOfRuns = Flags.runs;
+  if (!Inputs->empty() && !Flags.minimize_crash_internal_step)
+    Options.OutputCorpus = (*Inputs)[0];
+  Options.ReportSlowUnits = Flags.report_slow_units;
+  if (Flags.artifact_prefix)
+    Options.ArtifactPrefix = Flags.artifact_prefix;
+  if (Flags.exact_artifact_path)
+    Options.ExactArtifactPath = Flags.exact_artifact_path;
+  std::vector<Unit> Dictionary;
+  if (Flags.dict)
+    if (!ParseDictionaryFile(FileToString(Flags.dict), &Dictionary))
+      return 1;
+  if (Flags.verbosity > 0 && !Dictionary.empty())
+    Printf("Dictionary: %zd entries\n", Dictionary.size());
+  bool DoPlainRun = AllInputsAreFiles();
+  Options.SaveArtifacts =
+      !DoPlainRun || Flags.minimize_crash_internal_step;
+  Options.PrintNewCovPcs = Flags.print_pcs;
+  Options.PrintFinalStats = Flags.print_final_stats;
+  Options.PrintCorpusStats = Flags.print_corpus_stats;
+  Options.PrintCoverage = Flags.print_coverage;
+  Options.DumpCoverage = Flags.dump_coverage;
+  if (Flags.exit_on_src_pos)
+    Options.ExitOnSrcPos = Flags.exit_on_src_pos;
+  if (Flags.exit_on_item)
+    Options.ExitOnItem = Flags.exit_on_item;
+
+  unsigned Seed = Flags.seed;
+  // Initialize Seed.
+  if (Seed == 0)
+    Seed = (std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count() << 10) +
+           GetPid();
+  if (Flags.verbosity)
+    Printf("INFO: Seed: %u\n", Seed);
+
+  Random Rand(Seed);
+  auto *MD = new MutationDispatcher(Rand, Options);
+  auto *Corpus = new InputCorpus(Options.OutputCorpus);
+  auto *F = new Fuzzer(Callback, *Corpus, *MD, Options);
+
+  for (auto &U: Dictionary)
+    if (U.size() <= Word::GetMaxSize())
+      MD->AddWordToManualDictionary(Word(U.data(), U.size()));
+
+  StartRssThread(F, Flags.rss_limit_mb);
+
+  Options.HandleAbrt = Flags.handle_abrt;
+  Options.HandleBus = Flags.handle_bus;
+  Options.HandleFpe = Flags.handle_fpe;
+  Options.HandleIll = Flags.handle_ill;
+  Options.HandleInt = Flags.handle_int;
+  Options.HandleSegv = Flags.handle_segv;
+  Options.HandleTerm = Flags.handle_term;
+  SetSignalHandler(Options);
+
+  if (Flags.minimize_crash_internal_step)
+    return MinimizeCrashInputInternalStep(F, Corpus);
+
+  if (DoPlainRun) {
+    Options.SaveArtifacts = false;
+    int Runs = std::max(1, Flags.runs);
+    Printf("%s: Running %zd inputs %d time(s) each.\n", ProgName->c_str(),
+           Inputs->size(), Runs);
+    for (auto &Path : *Inputs) {
+      auto StartTime = system_clock::now();
+      Printf("Running: %s\n", Path.c_str());
+      for (int Iter = 0; Iter < Runs; Iter++)
+        RunOneTest(F, Path.c_str(), Options.MaxLen);
+      auto StopTime = system_clock::now();
+      auto MS = duration_cast<milliseconds>(StopTime - StartTime).count();
+      Printf("Executed %s in %zd ms\n", Path.c_str(), (long)MS);
+    }
+    Printf("***\n"
+           "*** NOTE: fuzzing was not performed, you have only\n"
+           "***       executed the target code on a fixed set of inputs.\n"
+           "***\n");
+    F->PrintFinalStats();
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  if (Flags.merge) {
+    if (Options.MaxLen == 0)
+      F->SetMaxInputLen(kMaxSaneLen);
+    if (TPC.UsingTracePcGuard()) {
+      if (Flags.merge_control_file)
+        F->CrashResistantMergeInternalStep(Flags.merge_control_file);
+      else
+        F->CrashResistantMerge(Args, *Inputs);
+    } else {
+      F->Merge(*Inputs);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  size_t TemporaryMaxLen = Options.MaxLen ? Options.MaxLen : kMaxSaneLen;
+
+  UnitVector InitialCorpus;
+  for (auto &Inp : *Inputs) {
+    Printf("Loading corpus dir: %s\n", Inp.c_str());
+    ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(Inp.c_str(), &InitialCorpus, nullptr,
+                           TemporaryMaxLen, /*ExitOnError=*/false);
+  }
+
+  if (Options.MaxLen == 0) {
+    size_t MaxLen = 0;
+    for (auto &U : InitialCorpus)
+      MaxLen = std::max(U.size(), MaxLen);
+    F->SetMaxInputLen(std::min(std::max(kMinDefaultLen, MaxLen), kMaxSaneLen));
+  }
+
+  if (InitialCorpus.empty()) {
+    InitialCorpus.push_back(Unit({'\n'}));  // Valid ASCII input.
+    if (Options.Verbosity)
+      Printf("INFO: A corpus is not provided, starting from an empty corpus\n");
+  }
+  F->ShuffleAndMinimize(&InitialCorpus);
+  InitialCorpus.clear();  // Don't need this memory any more.
+  F->Loop();
+
+  if (Flags.verbosity)
+    Printf("Done %d runs in %zd second(s)\n", F->getTotalNumberOfRuns(),
+           F->secondsSinceProcessStartUp());
+  F->PrintFinalStats();
+
+  exit(0);  // Don't let F destroy itself.
+}
+
+// Storage for global ExternalFunctions object.
+ExternalFunctions *EF = nullptr;
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.def b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61c72e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.def
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//===- FuzzerExtFunctions.def - External functions --------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// This defines the external function pointers that
+// ``fuzzer::ExternalFunctions`` should contain and try to initialize.  The
+// EXT_FUNC macro must be defined at the point of inclusion. The signature of
+// the macro is:
+//
+// EXT_FUNC(<name>, <return_type>, <function_signature>, <warn_if_missing>)
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// Optional user functions
+EXT_FUNC(LLVMFuzzerInitialize, int, (int *argc, char ***argv), false);
+EXT_FUNC(LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator, size_t,
+         (uint8_t * Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize, unsigned int Seed),
+         false);
+EXT_FUNC(LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossOver, size_t,
+         (const uint8_t * Data1, size_t Size1,
+          const uint8_t * Data2, size_t Size2,
+          uint8_t * Out, size_t MaxOutSize, unsigned int Seed),
+         false);
+
+// Sanitizer functions
+EXT_FUNC(__lsan_enable, void, (), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__lsan_disable, void, (), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__lsan_do_recoverable_leak_check, int, (), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_get_number_of_counters, size_t, (), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_install_malloc_and_free_hooks, int,
+         (void (*malloc_hook)(const volatile void *, size_t),
+          void (*free_hook)(const volatile void *)),
+         false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_get_total_unique_caller_callee_pairs, size_t, (), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_get_total_unique_coverage, size_t, (), true);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_print_memory_profile, int, (size_t), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_print_stack_trace, void, (), true);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_symbolize_pc, void,
+         (void *, const char *fmt, char *out_buf, size_t out_buf_size), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_get_module_and_offset_for_pc, int,
+         (void *pc, char *module_path,
+         size_t module_path_len,void **pc_offset), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_reset_coverage, void, (), true);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_set_death_callback, void, (void (*)(void)), true);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_set_report_fd, void, (void*), false);
+EXT_FUNC(__sanitizer_update_counter_bitset_and_clear_counters, uintptr_t,
+  (uint8_t*), false);
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2672a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//===- FuzzerExtFunctions.h - Interface to external functions ---*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Defines an interface to (possibly optional) functions.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_EXT_FUNCTIONS_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_EXT_FUNCTIONS_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+struct ExternalFunctions {
+  // Initialize function pointers. Functions that are not available will be set
+  // to nullptr.  Do not call this constructor  before ``main()`` has been
+  // entered.
+  ExternalFunctions();
+
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  RETURN_TYPE(*NAME) FUNC_SIG = nullptr
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+};
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06bddd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//===- FuzzerExtFunctionsDlsym.cpp - Interface to external functions ------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Implementation for operating systems that support dlsym(). We only use it on
+// Apple platforms for now. We don't use this approach on Linux because it
+// requires that clients of LibFuzzer pass ``--export-dynamic`` to the linker.
+// That is a complication we don't wish to expose to clients right now.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_APPLE
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+using namespace fuzzer;
+
+template <typename T>
+static T GetFnPtr(const char *FnName, bool WarnIfMissing) {
+  dlerror(); // Clear any previous errors.
+  void *Fn = dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, FnName);
+  if (Fn == nullptr) {
+    if (WarnIfMissing) {
+      const char *ErrorMsg = dlerror();
+      Printf("WARNING: Failed to find function \"%s\".", FnName);
+      if (ErrorMsg)
+        Printf(" Reason %s.", ErrorMsg);
+      Printf("\n");
+    }
+  }
+  return reinterpret_cast<T>(Fn);
+}
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+ExternalFunctions::ExternalFunctions() {
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  this->NAME = GetFnPtr<decltype(ExternalFunctions::NAME)>(#NAME, WARN)
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_APPLE
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b02b6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//===- FuzzerExtFunctionsWeak.cpp - Interface to external functions -------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Implementation for Linux. This relies on the linker's support for weak
+// symbols. We don't use this approach on Apple platforms because it requires
+// clients of LibFuzzer to pass ``-U _<symbol_name>`` to the linker to allow
+// weak symbols to be undefined. That is a complication we don't want to expose
+// to clients right now.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_LINUX
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+// Declare these symbols as weak to allow them to be optionally defined.
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  __attribute__((weak)) RETURN_TYPE NAME FUNC_SIG
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+}
+
+using namespace fuzzer;
+
+static void CheckFnPtr(void *FnPtr, const char *FnName, bool WarnIfMissing) {
+  if (FnPtr == nullptr && WarnIfMissing) {
+    Printf("WARNING: Failed to find function \"%s\".\n", FnName);
+  }
+}
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+ExternalFunctions::ExternalFunctions() {
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  this->NAME = ::NAME;                                                         \
+  CheckFnPtr((void *)::NAME, #NAME, WARN);
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_LINUX
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeakAlias.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeakAlias.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e10f7b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerExtFunctionsWeakAlias.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//===- FuzzerExtFunctionsWeakAlias.cpp - Interface to external functions --===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Implementation using weak aliases. Works for Windows.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+
+using namespace fuzzer;
+
+extern "C" {
+// Declare these symbols as weak to allow them to be optionally defined.
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  RETURN_TYPE NAME##Def FUNC_SIG {                                             \
+    Printf("ERROR: Function \"%s\" not defined.\n", #NAME);                    \
+    exit(1);                                                                   \
+  }                                                                            \
+  RETURN_TYPE NAME FUNC_SIG __attribute__((weak, alias(#NAME "Def")));
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static T *GetFnPtr(T *Fun, T *FunDef, const char *FnName, bool WarnIfMissing) {
+  if (Fun == FunDef) {
+    if (WarnIfMissing)
+      Printf("WARNING: Failed to find function \"%s\".\n", FnName);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return Fun;
+}
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+ExternalFunctions::ExternalFunctions() {
+#define EXT_FUNC(NAME, RETURN_TYPE, FUNC_SIG, WARN)                            \
+  this->NAME = GetFnPtr<decltype(::NAME)>(::NAME, ::NAME##Def, #NAME, WARN);
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.def"
+
+#undef EXT_FUNC
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerFlags.def b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerFlags.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ef174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerFlags.def
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//===- FuzzerFlags.def - Run-time flags -------------------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Flags. FUZZER_FLAG_INT/FUZZER_FLAG_STRING macros should be defined at the
+// point of inclusion. We are not using any flag parsing library for better
+// portability and independence.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(verbosity, 1, "Verbosity level.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED(seed, 0, "Random seed. If 0, seed is generated.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(runs, -1,
+            "Number of individual test runs (-1 for infinite runs).")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(max_len, 0, "Maximum length of the test input. "
+    "If 0, libFuzzer tries to guess a good value based on the corpus "
+    "and reports it. ")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(cross_over, 1, "If 1, cross over inputs.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(mutate_depth, 5,
+            "Apply this number of consecutive mutations to each input.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(shuffle, 1, "Shuffle inputs at startup")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(prefer_small, 1,
+    "If 1, always prefer smaller inputs during the corpus shuffle.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(
+    timeout, 1200,
+    "Timeout in seconds (if positive). "
+    "If one unit runs more than this number of seconds the process will abort.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(error_exitcode, 77, "When libFuzzer itself reports a bug "
+  "this exit code will be used.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(timeout_exitcode, 77, "When libFuzzer reports a timeout "
+  "this exit code will be used.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(max_total_time, 0, "If positive, indicates the maximal total "
+                                   "time in seconds to run the fuzzer.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(help, 0, "Print help.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(merge, 0, "If 1, the 2-nd, 3-rd, etc corpora will be "
+  "merged into the 1-st corpus. Only interesting units will be taken. "
+  "This flag can be used to minimize a corpus.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(merge_control_file, "internal flag")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(minimize_crash, 0, "If 1, minimizes the provided"
+  " crash input. Use with -runs=N or -max_total_time=N to limit "
+  "the number attempts")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(minimize_crash_internal_step, 0, "internal flag")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_counters, 1, "Use coverage counters")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_indir_calls, 1, "Use indirect caller-callee counters")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_memcmp, 1,
+                "Use hints from intercepting memcmp, strcmp, etc")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_memmem, 1,
+                "Use hints from intercepting memmem, strstr, etc")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_value_profile, 0,
+                "Experimental. Use value profile to guide fuzzing.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(use_cmp, 1, "Use CMP traces to guide mutations")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(shrink, 0, "Experimental. Try to shrink corpus elements.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED(jobs, 0, "Number of jobs to run. If jobs >= 1 we spawn"
+                          " this number of jobs in separate worker processes"
+                          " with stdout/stderr redirected to fuzz-JOB.log.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_UNSIGNED(workers, 0,
+            "Number of simultaneous worker processes to run the jobs."
+            " If zero, \"min(jobs,NumberOfCpuCores()/2)\" is used.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(reload, 1,
+                "Reload the main corpus every <N> seconds to get new units"
+                " discovered by other processes. If 0, disabled")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(report_slow_units, 10,
+    "Report slowest units if they run for more than this number of seconds.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(only_ascii, 0,
+                "If 1, generate only ASCII (isprint+isspace) inputs.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(dict, "Experimental. Use the dictionary file.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(artifact_prefix, "Write fuzzing artifacts (crash, "
+                                    "timeout, or slow inputs) as "
+                                    "$(artifact_prefix)file")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(exact_artifact_path,
+                   "Write the single artifact on failure (crash, timeout) "
+                   "as $(exact_artifact_path). This overrides -artifact_prefix "
+                   "and will not use checksum in the file name. Do not "
+                   "use the same path for several parallel processes.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(output_csv, 0, "Enable pulse output in CSV format.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(print_pcs, 0, "If 1, print out newly covered PCs.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(print_final_stats, 0, "If 1, print statistics at exit.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(print_corpus_stats, 0,
+  "If 1, print statistics on corpus elements at exit.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(print_coverage, 0, "If 1, print coverage information at exit."
+                                   " Experimental, only with trace-pc-guard")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(dump_coverage, 0, "If 1, dump coverage information at exit."
+                                  " Experimental, only with trace-pc-guard")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_segv, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGSEGV.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_bus, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGSEGV.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_abrt, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGABRT.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_ill, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGILL.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_fpe, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGFPE.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_int, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGINT.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(handle_term, 1, "If 1, try to intercept SIGTERM.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(close_fd_mask, 0, "If 1, close stdout at startup; "
+    "if 2, close stderr; if 3, close both. "
+    "Be careful, this will also close e.g. asan's stderr/stdout.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(detect_leaks, 1, "If 1, and if LeakSanitizer is enabled "
+    "try to detect memory leaks during fuzzing (i.e. not only at shut down).")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(trace_malloc, 0, "If >= 1 will print all mallocs/frees. "
+    "If >= 2 will also print stack traces.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_INT(rss_limit_mb, 2048, "If non-zero, the fuzzer will exit upon"
+    "reaching this limit of RSS memory usage.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(exit_on_src_pos, "Exit if a newly found PC originates"
+    " from the given source location. Example: -exit_on_src_pos=foo.cc:123. "
+    "Used primarily for testing libFuzzer itself.")
+FUZZER_FLAG_STRING(exit_on_item, "Exit if an item with a given sha1 sum"
+    " was added to the corpus. "
+    "Used primarily for testing libFuzzer itself.")
+
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(exit_on_first)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(save_minimized_corpus)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(sync_command)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(sync_timeout)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(test_single_input)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(drill)
+FUZZER_DEPRECATED_FLAG(truncate_units)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda8e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//===- FuzzerIO.cpp - IO utils. -------------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// IO functions.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+static FILE *OutputFile = stderr;
+
+long GetEpoch(const std::string &Path) {
+  struct stat St;
+  if (stat(Path.c_str(), &St))
+    return 0;  // Can't stat, be conservative.
+  return St.st_mtime;
+}
+
+Unit FileToVector(const std::string &Path, size_t MaxSize, bool ExitOnError) {
+  std::ifstream T(Path);
+  if (ExitOnError && !T) {
+    Printf("No such directory: %s; exiting\n", Path.c_str());
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  T.seekg(0, T.end);
+  size_t FileLen = T.tellg();
+  if (MaxSize)
+    FileLen = std::min(FileLen, MaxSize);
+
+  T.seekg(0, T.beg);
+  Unit Res(FileLen);
+  T.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(Res.data()), FileLen);
+  return Res;
+}
+
+std::string FileToString(const std::string &Path) {
+  std::ifstream T(Path);
+  return std::string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(T)),
+                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+}
+
+void CopyFileToErr(const std::string &Path) {
+  Printf("%s", FileToString(Path).c_str());
+}
+
+void WriteToFile(const Unit &U, const std::string &Path) {
+  // Use raw C interface because this function may be called from a sig handler.
+  FILE *Out = fopen(Path.c_str(), "w");
+  if (!Out) return;
+  fwrite(U.data(), sizeof(U[0]), U.size(), Out);
+  fclose(Out);
+}
+
+void ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(const char *Path, std::vector<Unit> *V,
+                            long *Epoch, size_t MaxSize, bool ExitOnError) {
+  long E = Epoch ? *Epoch : 0;
+  std::vector<std::string> Files;
+  ListFilesInDirRecursive(Path, Epoch, &Files, /*TopDir*/true);
+  size_t NumLoaded = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Files.size(); i++) {
+    auto &X = Files[i];
+    if (Epoch && GetEpoch(X) < E) continue;
+    NumLoaded++;
+    if ((NumLoaded & (NumLoaded - 1)) == 0 && NumLoaded >= 1024)
+      Printf("Loaded %zd/%zd files from %s\n", NumLoaded, Files.size(), Path);
+    auto S = FileToVector(X, MaxSize, ExitOnError);
+    if (!S.empty())
+      V->push_back(S);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string DirPlusFile(const std::string &DirPath,
+                        const std::string &FileName) {
+  return DirPath + GetSeparator() + FileName;
+}
+
+void DupAndCloseStderr() {
+  int OutputFd = DuplicateFile(2);
+  if (OutputFd > 0) {
+    FILE *NewOutputFile = OpenFile(OutputFd, "w");
+    if (NewOutputFile) {
+      OutputFile = NewOutputFile;
+      if (EF->__sanitizer_set_report_fd)
+        EF->__sanitizer_set_report_fd(reinterpret_cast<void *>(OutputFd));
+      CloseFile(2);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CloseStdout() {
+  CloseFile(1);
+}
+
+void Printf(const char *Fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, Fmt);
+  vfprintf(OutputFile, Fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  fflush(OutputFile);
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..741fecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIO.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//===- FuzzerIO.h - Internal header for IO utils ----------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// IO interface.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_IO_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_IO_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+long GetEpoch(const std::string &Path);
+
+Unit FileToVector(const std::string &Path, size_t MaxSize = 0,
+                  bool ExitOnError = true);
+
+std::string FileToString(const std::string &Path);
+
+void CopyFileToErr(const std::string &Path);
+
+void WriteToFile(const Unit &U, const std::string &Path);
+
+void ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(const char *Path, std::vector<Unit> *V,
+                            long *Epoch, size_t MaxSize, bool ExitOnError);
+
+// Returns "Dir/FileName" or equivalent for the current OS.
+std::string DirPlusFile(const std::string &DirPath,
+                        const std::string &FileName);
+
+// Returns the name of the dir, similar to the 'dirname' utility.
+std::string DirName(const std::string &FileName);
+
+void DupAndCloseStderr();
+
+void CloseStdout();
+
+void Printf(const char *Fmt, ...);
+
+// Platform specific functions:
+bool IsFile(const std::string &Path);
+
+void ListFilesInDirRecursive(const std::string &Dir, long *Epoch,
+                             std::vector<std::string> *V, bool TopDir);
+
+char GetSeparator();
+
+FILE* OpenFile(int Fd, const char *Mode);
+
+int CloseFile(int Fd);
+
+int DuplicateFile(int Fd);
+
+void RemoveFile(const std::string &Path);
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_IO_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOPosix.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOPosix.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720bc13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOPosix.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//===- FuzzerIOPosix.cpp - IO utils for Posix. ----------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// IO functions implementation using Posix API.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_POSIX
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+bool IsFile(const std::string &Path) {
+  struct stat St;
+  if (stat(Path.c_str(), &St))
+    return false;
+  return S_ISREG(St.st_mode);
+}
+
+void ListFilesInDirRecursive(const std::string &Dir, long *Epoch,
+                             std::vector<std::string> *V, bool TopDir) {
+  auto E = GetEpoch(Dir);
+  if (Epoch)
+    if (E && *Epoch >= E) return;
+
+  DIR *D = opendir(Dir.c_str());
+  if (!D) {
+    Printf("No such directory: %s; exiting\n", Dir.c_str());
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  while (auto E = readdir(D)) {
+    std::string Path = DirPlusFile(Dir, E->d_name);
+    if (E->d_type == DT_REG || E->d_type == DT_LNK)
+      V->push_back(Path);
+    else if (E->d_type == DT_DIR && *E->d_name != '.')
+      ListFilesInDirRecursive(Path, Epoch, V, false);
+  }
+  closedir(D);
+  if (Epoch && TopDir)
+    *Epoch = E;
+}
+
+char GetSeparator() {
+  return '/';
+}
+
+FILE* OpenFile(int Fd, const char* Mode) {
+  return fdopen(Fd, Mode);
+}
+
+int CloseFile(int fd) {
+  return close(fd);
+}
+
+int DuplicateFile(int Fd) {
+  return dup(Fd);
+}
+
+void RemoveFile(const std::string &Path) {
+  unlink(Path.c_str());
+}
+
+std::string DirName(const std::string &FileName) {
+  char *Tmp = new char[FileName.size() + 1];
+  memcpy(Tmp, FileName.c_str(), FileName.size() + 1);
+  std::string Res = dirname(Tmp);
+  delete [] Tmp;
+  return Res;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_POSIX
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOWindows.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOWindows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4738eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerIOWindows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+//===- FuzzerIOWindows.cpp - IO utils for Windows. ------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// IO functions implementation for Windows.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
+
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+static bool IsFile(const std::string &Path, const DWORD &FileAttributes) {
+
+  if (FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL)
+    return true;
+
+  if (FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+    return false;
+
+  HANDLE FileHandle(
+      CreateFileA(Path.c_str(), 0, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                  FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0));
+
+  if (FileHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+    Printf("CreateFileA() failed for \"%s\" (Error code: %lu).\n", Path.c_str(),
+        GetLastError());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  DWORD FileType = GetFileType(FileHandle);
+
+  if (FileType == FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
+    Printf("GetFileType() failed for \"%s\" (Error code: %lu).\n", Path.c_str(),
+        GetLastError());
+    CloseHandle(FileHandle);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (FileType != FILE_TYPE_DISK) {
+    CloseHandle(FileHandle);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  CloseHandle(FileHandle);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool IsFile(const std::string &Path) {
+  DWORD Att = GetFileAttributesA(Path.c_str());
+
+  if (Att == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+    Printf("GetFileAttributesA() failed for \"%s\" (Error code: %lu).\n",
+        Path.c_str(), GetLastError());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return IsFile(Path, Att);
+}
+
+void ListFilesInDirRecursive(const std::string &Dir, long *Epoch,
+                             std::vector<std::string> *V, bool TopDir) {
+  auto E = GetEpoch(Dir);
+  if (Epoch)
+    if (E && *Epoch >= E) return;
+
+  std::string Path(Dir);
+  assert(!Path.empty());
+  if (Path.back() != '\\')
+      Path.push_back('\\');
+  Path.push_back('*');
+
+  // Get the first directory entry.
+  WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindInfo;
+  HANDLE FindHandle(FindFirstFileA(Path.c_str(), &FindInfo));
+  if (FindHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+  {
+    Printf("No file found in: %s.\n", Dir.c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  do {
+    std::string FileName = DirPlusFile(Dir, FindInfo.cFileName);
+
+    if (FindInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+      size_t FilenameLen = strlen(FindInfo.cFileName);
+      if ((FilenameLen == 1 && FindInfo.cFileName[0] == '.') ||
+          (FilenameLen == 2 && FindInfo.cFileName[0] == '.' &&
+                               FindInfo.cFileName[1] == '.'))
+        continue;
+
+      ListFilesInDirRecursive(FileName, Epoch, V, false);
+    }
+    else if (IsFile(FileName, FindInfo.dwFileAttributes))
+      V->push_back(FileName);
+  } while (FindNextFileA(FindHandle, &FindInfo));
+
+  DWORD LastError = GetLastError();
+  if (LastError != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+    Printf("FindNextFileA failed (Error code: %lu).\n", LastError);
+
+  FindClose(FindHandle);
+
+  if (Epoch && TopDir)
+    *Epoch = E;
+}
+
+char GetSeparator() {
+  return '\\';
+}
+
+FILE* OpenFile(int Fd, const char* Mode) {
+  return _fdopen(Fd, Mode);
+}
+
+int CloseFile(int Fd) {
+  return _close(Fd);
+}
+
+int DuplicateFile(int Fd) {
+  return _dup(Fd);
+}
+
+void RemoveFile(const std::string &Path) {
+  _unlink(Path.c_str());
+}
+
+static bool IsSeparator(char C) {
+  return C == '\\' || C == '/';
+}
+
+// Parse disk designators, like "C:\". If Relative == true, also accepts: "C:".
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseDrive(const std::string &FileName, const size_t Offset,
+                         bool Relative = true) {
+  if (Offset + 1 >= FileName.size() || FileName[Offset + 1] != ':')
+    return 0;
+  if (Offset + 2 >= FileName.size() || !IsSeparator(FileName[Offset + 2])) {
+    if (!Relative) // Accept relative path?
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return 2;
+  }
+  return 3;
+}
+
+// Parse a file name, like: SomeFile.txt
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseFileName(const std::string &FileName, const size_t Offset) {
+  size_t Pos = Offset;
+  const size_t End = FileName.size();
+  for(; Pos < End && !IsSeparator(FileName[Pos]); ++Pos)
+    ;
+  return Pos - Offset;
+}
+
+// Parse a directory ending in separator, like: SomeDir\
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseDir(const std::string &FileName, const size_t Offset) {
+  size_t Pos = Offset;
+  const size_t End = FileName.size();
+  if (Pos >= End || IsSeparator(FileName[Pos]))
+    return 0;
+  for(; Pos < End && !IsSeparator(FileName[Pos]); ++Pos)
+    ;
+  if (Pos >= End)
+    return 0;
+  ++Pos; // Include separator.
+  return Pos - Offset;
+}
+
+// Parse a servername and share, like: SomeServer\SomeShare\
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseServerAndShare(const std::string &FileName,
+                                  const size_t Offset) {
+  size_t Pos = Offset, Res;
+  if (!(Res = ParseDir(FileName, Pos)))
+    return 0;
+  Pos += Res;
+  if (!(Res = ParseDir(FileName, Pos)))
+    return 0;
+  Pos += Res;
+  return Pos - Offset;
+}
+
+// Parse the given Ref string from the position Offset, to exactly match the given
+// string Patt.
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseCustomString(const std::string &Ref, size_t Offset,
+                                const char *Patt) {
+  size_t Len = strlen(Patt);
+  if (Offset + Len > Ref.size())
+    return 0;
+  return Ref.compare(Offset, Len, Patt) == 0 ? Len : 0;
+}
+
+// Parse a location, like:
+// \\?\UNC\Server\Share\  \\?\C:\  \\Server\Share\  \  C:\  C:
+// Returns number of characters considered if successful.
+static size_t ParseLocation(const std::string &FileName) {
+  size_t Pos = 0, Res;
+
+  if ((Res = ParseCustomString(FileName, Pos, R"(\\?\)"))) {
+    Pos += Res;
+    if ((Res = ParseCustomString(FileName, Pos, R"(UNC\)"))) {
+      Pos += Res;
+      if ((Res = ParseServerAndShare(FileName, Pos)))
+        return Pos + Res;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if ((Res = ParseDrive(FileName, Pos, false)))
+      return Pos + Res;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (Pos < FileName.size() && IsSeparator(FileName[Pos])) {
+    ++Pos;
+    if (Pos < FileName.size() && IsSeparator(FileName[Pos])) {
+      ++Pos;
+      if ((Res = ParseServerAndShare(FileName, Pos)))
+        return Pos + Res;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return Pos;
+  }
+
+  if ((Res = ParseDrive(FileName, Pos)))
+    return Pos + Res;
+
+  return Pos;
+}
+
+std::string DirName(const std::string &FileName) {
+  size_t LocationLen = ParseLocation(FileName);
+  size_t DirLen = 0, Res;
+  while ((Res = ParseDir(FileName, LocationLen + DirLen)))
+    DirLen += Res;
+  size_t FileLen = ParseFileName(FileName, LocationLen + DirLen);
+
+  if (LocationLen + DirLen + FileLen != FileName.size()) {
+    Printf("DirName() failed for \"%s\", invalid path.\n", FileName.c_str());
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (DirLen) {
+    --DirLen; // Remove trailing separator.
+    if (!FileLen) { // Path ended in separator.
+      assert(DirLen);
+      // Remove file name from Dir.
+      while (DirLen && !IsSeparator(FileName[LocationLen + DirLen - 1]))
+        --DirLen;
+      if (DirLen) // Remove trailing separator.
+        --DirLen;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!LocationLen) { // Relative path.
+    if (!DirLen)
+      return ".";
+    return std::string(".\\").append(FileName, 0, DirLen);
+  }
+
+  return FileName.substr(0, LocationLen + DirLen);
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInterface.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInterface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d47e20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInterface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//===- FuzzerInterface.h - Interface header for the Fuzzer ------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Define the interface between libFuzzer and the library being tested.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+// NOTE: the libFuzzer interface is thin and in the majority of cases
+// you should not include this file into your target. In 95% of cases
+// all you need is to define the following function in your file:
+// extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+// WARNING: keep the interface in C.
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_INTERFACE_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_INTERFACE_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif  // __cplusplus
+
+// Mandatory user-provided target function.
+// Executes the code under test with [Data, Data+Size) as the input.
+// libFuzzer will invoke this function *many* times with different inputs.
+// Must return 0.
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+// Optional user-provided initialization function.
+// If provided, this function will be called by libFuzzer once at startup.
+// It may read and modify argc/argv.
+// Must return 0.
+int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv);
+
+// Optional user-provided custom mutator.
+// Mutates raw data in [Data, Data+Size) inplace.
+// Returns the new size, which is not greater than MaxSize.
+// Given the same Seed produces the same mutation.
+size_t LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize,
+                               unsigned int Seed);
+
+// Optional user-provided custom cross-over function.
+// Combines pieces of Data1 & Data2 together into Out.
+// Returns the new size, which is not greater than MaxOutSize.
+// Should produce the same mutation given the same Seed.
+size_t LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossOver(const uint8_t *Data1, size_t Size1,
+                                 const uint8_t *Data2, size_t Size2,
+                                 uint8_t *Out, size_t MaxOutSize,
+                                 unsigned int Seed);
+
+// Experimental, may go away in future.
+// libFuzzer-provided function to be used inside LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput.
+// Mutates raw data in [Data, Data+Size) inplace.
+// Returns the new size, which is not greater than MaxSize.
+size_t LLVMFuzzerMutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif  // __cplusplus
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_INTERFACE_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInternal.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInternal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c041706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerInternal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+//===- FuzzerInternal.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer --------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Define the main class fuzzer::Fuzzer and most functions.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_INTERNAL_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_INTERNAL_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerInterface.h"
+#include "FuzzerOptions.h"
+#include "FuzzerSHA1.h"
+#include "FuzzerValueBitMap.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+using namespace std::chrono;
+
+class Fuzzer {
+public:
+
+  // Aggregates all available coverage measurements.
+  struct Coverage {
+    Coverage() { Reset(); }
+
+    void Reset() {
+      BlockCoverage = 0;
+      CallerCalleeCoverage = 0;
+      CounterBitmapBits = 0;
+      CounterBitmap.clear();
+      VPMap.Reset();
+    }
+
+    size_t BlockCoverage;
+    size_t CallerCalleeCoverage;
+    // Precalculated number of bits in CounterBitmap.
+    size_t CounterBitmapBits;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> CounterBitmap;
+    ValueBitMap VPMap;
+  };
+
+  Fuzzer(UserCallback CB, InputCorpus &Corpus, MutationDispatcher &MD,
+         FuzzingOptions Options);
+  ~Fuzzer();
+  void Loop();
+  void MinimizeCrashLoop(const Unit &U);
+  void ShuffleAndMinimize(UnitVector *V);
+  void InitializeTraceState();
+  void RereadOutputCorpus(size_t MaxSize);
+
+  size_t secondsSinceProcessStartUp() {
+    return duration_cast<seconds>(system_clock::now() - ProcessStartTime)
+        .count();
+  }
+
+  bool TimedOut() {
+    return Options.MaxTotalTimeSec > 0 &&
+           secondsSinceProcessStartUp() >
+               static_cast<size_t>(Options.MaxTotalTimeSec);
+  }
+
+  size_t execPerSec() {
+    size_t Seconds = secondsSinceProcessStartUp();
+    return Seconds ? TotalNumberOfRuns / Seconds : 0;
+  }
+
+  size_t getTotalNumberOfRuns() { return TotalNumberOfRuns; }
+
+  static void StaticAlarmCallback();
+  static void StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+  static void StaticInterruptCallback();
+
+  void ExecuteCallback(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+  size_t RunOne(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+  // Merge Corpora[1:] into Corpora[0].
+  void Merge(const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora);
+  void CrashResistantMerge(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                           const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora);
+  void CrashResistantMergeInternalStep(const std::string &ControlFilePath);
+  // Returns a subset of 'Extra' that adds coverage to 'Initial'.
+  UnitVector FindExtraUnits(const UnitVector &Initial, const UnitVector &Extra);
+  MutationDispatcher &GetMD() { return MD; }
+  void PrintFinalStats();
+  void SetMaxInputLen(size_t MaxInputLen);
+  void SetMaxMutationLen(size_t MaxMutationLen);
+  void RssLimitCallback();
+
+  // Public for tests.
+  void ResetCoverage();
+
+  bool InFuzzingThread() const { return IsMyThread; }
+  size_t GetCurrentUnitInFuzzingThead(const uint8_t **Data) const;
+  void TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                               bool DuringInitialCorpusExecution);
+
+  void HandleMalloc(size_t Size);
+
+private:
+  void AlarmCallback();
+  void CrashCallback();
+  void InterruptCallback();
+  void MutateAndTestOne();
+  void ReportNewCoverage(InputInfo *II, const Unit &U);
+  size_t RunOne(const Unit &U) { return RunOne(U.data(), U.size()); }
+  void WriteToOutputCorpus(const Unit &U);
+  void WriteUnitToFileWithPrefix(const Unit &U, const char *Prefix);
+  void PrintStats(const char *Where, const char *End = "\n", size_t Units = 0);
+  void PrintStatusForNewUnit(const Unit &U);
+  void ShuffleCorpus(UnitVector *V);
+  void AddToCorpus(const Unit &U);
+  void CheckExitOnSrcPosOrItem();
+
+  // Trace-based fuzzing: we run a unit with some kind of tracing
+  // enabled and record potentially useful mutations. Then
+  // We apply these mutations one by one to the unit and run it again.
+
+  // Start tracing; forget all previously proposed mutations.
+  void StartTraceRecording();
+  // Stop tracing.
+  void StopTraceRecording();
+
+  void SetDeathCallback();
+  static void StaticDeathCallback();
+  void DumpCurrentUnit(const char *Prefix);
+  void DeathCallback();
+
+  void ResetEdgeCoverage();
+  void ResetCounters();
+  void PrepareCounters(Fuzzer::Coverage *C);
+  bool RecordMaxCoverage(Fuzzer::Coverage *C);
+
+  void AllocateCurrentUnitData();
+  uint8_t *CurrentUnitData = nullptr;
+  std::atomic<size_t> CurrentUnitSize;
+  uint8_t BaseSha1[kSHA1NumBytes];  // Checksum of the base unit.
+  bool RunningCB = false;
+
+  size_t TotalNumberOfRuns = 0;
+  size_t NumberOfNewUnitsAdded = 0;
+
+  bool HasMoreMallocsThanFrees = false;
+  size_t NumberOfLeakDetectionAttempts = 0;
+
+  UserCallback CB;
+  InputCorpus &Corpus;
+  MutationDispatcher &MD;
+  FuzzingOptions Options;
+
+  system_clock::time_point ProcessStartTime = system_clock::now();
+  system_clock::time_point UnitStartTime, UnitStopTime;
+  long TimeOfLongestUnitInSeconds = 0;
+  long EpochOfLastReadOfOutputCorpus = 0;
+
+  // Maximum recorded coverage.
+  Coverage MaxCoverage;
+
+  size_t MaxInputLen = 0;
+  size_t MaxMutationLen = 0;
+
+  // Need to know our own thread.
+  static thread_local bool IsMyThread;
+
+  bool InMergeMode = false;
+};
+
+}; // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LLVM_FUZZER_INTERNAL_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerLoop.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerLoop.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73e058f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerLoop.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+//===- FuzzerLoop.cpp - Fuzzer's main loop --------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Fuzzer's main loop.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerCorpus.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if __has_include(<sanitizer / coverage_interface.h>)
+#include <sanitizer/coverage_interface.h>
+#endif
+#if __has_include(<sanitizer / lsan_interface.h>)
+#include <sanitizer/lsan_interface.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+#if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#undef NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+#define NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+static const size_t kMaxUnitSizeToPrint = 256;
+
+thread_local bool Fuzzer::IsMyThread;
+
+static void MissingExternalApiFunction(const char *FnName) {
+  Printf("ERROR: %s is not defined. Exiting.\n"
+         "Did you use -fsanitize-coverage=... to build your code?\n",
+         FnName);
+  exit(1);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_EXTERNAL_FUNCTION(fn)                                            \
+  do {                                                                         \
+    if (!(EF->fn))                                                             \
+      MissingExternalApiFunction(#fn);                                         \
+  } while (false)
+
+// Only one Fuzzer per process.
+static Fuzzer *F;
+
+void Fuzzer::ResetEdgeCoverage() {
+  CHECK_EXTERNAL_FUNCTION(__sanitizer_reset_coverage);
+  EF->__sanitizer_reset_coverage();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ResetCounters() {
+  if (Options.UseCounters)
+    EF->__sanitizer_update_counter_bitset_and_clear_counters(0);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::PrepareCounters(Fuzzer::Coverage *C) {
+  if (Options.UseCounters) {
+    size_t NumCounters = EF->__sanitizer_get_number_of_counters();
+    C->CounterBitmap.resize(NumCounters);
+  }
+}
+
+// Records data to a maximum coverage tracker. Returns true if additional
+// coverage was discovered.
+bool Fuzzer::RecordMaxCoverage(Fuzzer::Coverage *C) {
+  bool Res = false;
+
+  uint64_t NewBlockCoverage = EF->__sanitizer_get_total_unique_coverage();
+  if (NewBlockCoverage > C->BlockCoverage) {
+    Res = true;
+    C->BlockCoverage = NewBlockCoverage;
+  }
+
+  if (Options.UseIndirCalls &&
+      EF->__sanitizer_get_total_unique_caller_callee_pairs) {
+    uint64_t NewCallerCalleeCoverage =
+        EF->__sanitizer_get_total_unique_caller_callee_pairs();
+    if (NewCallerCalleeCoverage > C->CallerCalleeCoverage) {
+      Res = true;
+      C->CallerCalleeCoverage = NewCallerCalleeCoverage;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Options.UseCounters) {
+    uint64_t CounterDelta =
+        EF->__sanitizer_update_counter_bitset_and_clear_counters(
+            C->CounterBitmap.data());
+    if (CounterDelta > 0) {
+      Res = true;
+      C->CounterBitmapBits += CounterDelta;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Res;
+}
+
+// Leak detection is expensive, so we first check if there were more mallocs
+// than frees (using the sanitizer malloc hooks) and only then try to call lsan.
+struct MallocFreeTracer {
+  void Start(int TraceLevel) {
+    this->TraceLevel = TraceLevel;
+    if (TraceLevel)
+      Printf("MallocFreeTracer: START\n");
+    Mallocs = 0;
+    Frees = 0;
+  }
+  // Returns true if there were more mallocs than frees.
+  bool Stop() {
+    if (TraceLevel)
+      Printf("MallocFreeTracer: STOP %zd %zd (%s)\n", Mallocs.load(),
+             Frees.load(), Mallocs == Frees ? "same" : "DIFFERENT");
+    bool Result = Mallocs > Frees;
+    Mallocs = 0;
+    Frees = 0;
+    TraceLevel = 0;
+    return Result;
+  }
+  std::atomic<size_t> Mallocs;
+  std::atomic<size_t> Frees;
+  int TraceLevel = 0;
+};
+
+static MallocFreeTracer AllocTracer;
+
+ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void MallocHook(const volatile void *ptr, size_t size) {
+  size_t N = AllocTracer.Mallocs++;
+  F->HandleMalloc(size);
+  if (int TraceLevel = AllocTracer.TraceLevel) {
+    Printf("MALLOC[%zd] %p %zd\n", N, ptr, size);
+    if (TraceLevel >= 2 && EF)
+      EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace();
+  }
+}
+
+ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void FreeHook(const volatile void *ptr) {
+  size_t N = AllocTracer.Frees++;
+  if (int TraceLevel = AllocTracer.TraceLevel) {
+    Printf("FREE[%zd]   %p\n", N, ptr);
+    if (TraceLevel >= 2 && EF)
+      EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace();
+  }
+}
+
+// Crash on a single malloc that exceeds the rss limit.
+void Fuzzer::HandleMalloc(size_t Size) {
+  if (!Options.RssLimitMb || (Size >> 20) < (size_t)Options.RssLimitMb)
+    return;
+  Printf("==%d== ERROR: libFuzzer: out-of-memory (malloc(%zd))\n", GetPid(),
+         Size);
+  Printf("   To change the out-of-memory limit use -rss_limit_mb=<N>\n\n");
+  if (EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace)
+    EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace();
+  DumpCurrentUnit("oom-");
+  Printf("SUMMARY: libFuzzer: out-of-memory\n");
+  PrintFinalStats();
+  _Exit(Options.ErrorExitCode); // Stop right now.
+}
+
+Fuzzer::Fuzzer(UserCallback CB, InputCorpus &Corpus, MutationDispatcher &MD,
+               FuzzingOptions Options)
+    : CB(CB), Corpus(Corpus), MD(MD), Options(Options) {
+  SetDeathCallback();
+  InitializeTraceState();
+  assert(!F);
+  F = this;
+  TPC.ResetMaps();
+  ResetCoverage();
+  IsMyThread = true;
+  if (Options.DetectLeaks && EF->__sanitizer_install_malloc_and_free_hooks)
+    EF->__sanitizer_install_malloc_and_free_hooks(MallocHook, FreeHook);
+  TPC.SetUseCounters(Options.UseCounters);
+  TPC.SetUseValueProfile(Options.UseValueProfile);
+  TPC.SetPrintNewPCs(Options.PrintNewCovPcs);
+
+  if (Options.Verbosity)
+    TPC.PrintModuleInfo();
+  if (!Options.OutputCorpus.empty() && Options.ReloadIntervalSec)
+    EpochOfLastReadOfOutputCorpus = GetEpoch(Options.OutputCorpus);
+  MaxInputLen = MaxMutationLen = Options.MaxLen;
+  AllocateCurrentUnitData();
+  CurrentUnitSize = 0;
+  memset(BaseSha1, 0, sizeof(BaseSha1));
+}
+
+Fuzzer::~Fuzzer() { }
+
+void Fuzzer::AllocateCurrentUnitData() {
+  if (CurrentUnitData || MaxInputLen == 0) return;
+  CurrentUnitData = new uint8_t[MaxInputLen];
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::SetDeathCallback() {
+  CHECK_EXTERNAL_FUNCTION(__sanitizer_set_death_callback);
+  EF->__sanitizer_set_death_callback(StaticDeathCallback);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::StaticDeathCallback() {
+  assert(F);
+  F->DeathCallback();
+}
+
+static void WarnOnUnsuccessfullMerge(bool DoWarn) {
+  if (!DoWarn) return;
+  Printf(
+   "***\n"
+   "***\n"
+   "***\n"
+   "*** NOTE: merge did not succeed due to a failure on one of the inputs.\n"
+   "*** You will need to filter out crashes from the corpus, e.g. like this:\n"
+   "***   for f in WITH_CRASHES/*; do ./fuzzer $f && cp $f NO_CRASHES; done\n"
+   "*** Future versions may have crash-resistant merge, stay tuned.\n"
+   "***\n"
+   "***\n"
+   "***\n");
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::DumpCurrentUnit(const char *Prefix) {
+  WarnOnUnsuccessfullMerge(InMergeMode);
+  if (!CurrentUnitData) return;  // Happens when running individual inputs.
+  MD.PrintMutationSequence();
+  Printf("; base unit: %s\n", Sha1ToString(BaseSha1).c_str());
+  size_t UnitSize = CurrentUnitSize;
+  if (UnitSize <= kMaxUnitSizeToPrint) {
+    PrintHexArray(CurrentUnitData, UnitSize, "\n");
+    PrintASCII(CurrentUnitData, UnitSize, "\n");
+  }
+  WriteUnitToFileWithPrefix({CurrentUnitData, CurrentUnitData + UnitSize},
+                            Prefix);
+}
+
+NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void Fuzzer::DeathCallback() {
+  DumpCurrentUnit("crash-");
+  PrintFinalStats();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::StaticAlarmCallback() {
+  assert(F);
+  F->AlarmCallback();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback() {
+  assert(F);
+  F->CrashCallback();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::StaticInterruptCallback() {
+  assert(F);
+  F->InterruptCallback();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::CrashCallback() {
+  Printf("==%lu== ERROR: libFuzzer: deadly signal\n", GetPid());
+  if (EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace)
+    EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace();
+  Printf("NOTE: libFuzzer has rudimentary signal handlers.\n"
+         "      Combine libFuzzer with AddressSanitizer or similar for better "
+         "crash reports.\n");
+  Printf("SUMMARY: libFuzzer: deadly signal\n");
+  DumpCurrentUnit("crash-");
+  PrintFinalStats();
+  exit(Options.ErrorExitCode);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::InterruptCallback() {
+  Printf("==%lu== libFuzzer: run interrupted; exiting\n", GetPid());
+  PrintFinalStats();
+  _Exit(0);  // Stop right now, don't perform any at-exit actions.
+}
+
+NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void Fuzzer::AlarmCallback() {
+  assert(Options.UnitTimeoutSec > 0);
+  if (!InFuzzingThread()) return;
+  if (!RunningCB)
+    return; // We have not started running units yet.
+  size_t Seconds =
+      duration_cast<seconds>(system_clock::now() - UnitStartTime).count();
+  if (Seconds == 0)
+    return;
+  if (Options.Verbosity >= 2)
+    Printf("AlarmCallback %zd\n", Seconds);
+  if (Seconds >= (size_t)Options.UnitTimeoutSec) {
+    Printf("ALARM: working on the last Unit for %zd seconds\n", Seconds);
+    Printf("       and the timeout value is %d (use -timeout=N to change)\n",
+           Options.UnitTimeoutSec);
+    DumpCurrentUnit("timeout-");
+    Printf("==%lu== ERROR: libFuzzer: timeout after %d seconds\n", GetPid(),
+           Seconds);
+    if (EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace)
+      EF->__sanitizer_print_stack_trace();
+    Printf("SUMMARY: libFuzzer: timeout\n");
+    PrintFinalStats();
+    _Exit(Options.TimeoutExitCode); // Stop right now.
+  }
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::RssLimitCallback() {
+  Printf(
+      "==%lu== ERROR: libFuzzer: out-of-memory (used: %zdMb; limit: %zdMb)\n",
+      GetPid(), GetPeakRSSMb(), Options.RssLimitMb);
+  Printf("   To change the out-of-memory limit use -rss_limit_mb=<N>\n\n");
+  if (EF->__sanitizer_print_memory_profile)
+    EF->__sanitizer_print_memory_profile(95);
+  DumpCurrentUnit("oom-");
+  Printf("SUMMARY: libFuzzer: out-of-memory\n");
+  PrintFinalStats();
+  _Exit(Options.ErrorExitCode); // Stop right now.
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::PrintStats(const char *Where, const char *End, size_t Units) {
+  size_t ExecPerSec = execPerSec();
+  if (Options.OutputCSV) {
+    static bool csvHeaderPrinted = false;
+    if (!csvHeaderPrinted) {
+      csvHeaderPrinted = true;
+      Printf("runs,block_cov,bits,cc_cov,corpus,execs_per_sec,tbms,reason\n");
+    }
+    Printf("%zd,%zd,%zd,%zd,%zd,%zd,%s\n", TotalNumberOfRuns,
+           MaxCoverage.BlockCoverage, MaxCoverage.CounterBitmapBits,
+           MaxCoverage.CallerCalleeCoverage, Corpus.size(), ExecPerSec, Where);
+  }
+
+  if (!Options.Verbosity)
+    return;
+  Printf("#%zd\t%s", TotalNumberOfRuns, Where);
+  if (MaxCoverage.BlockCoverage)
+    Printf(" cov: %zd", MaxCoverage.BlockCoverage);
+  if (size_t N = MaxCoverage.VPMap.GetNumBitsSinceLastMerge())
+    Printf(" vp: %zd", N);
+  if (size_t N = TPC.GetTotalPCCoverage())
+    Printf(" cov: %zd", N);
+  if (auto TB = MaxCoverage.CounterBitmapBits)
+    Printf(" bits: %zd", TB);
+  if (size_t N = Corpus.NumFeatures())
+    Printf( " ft: %zd", N);
+  if (MaxCoverage.CallerCalleeCoverage)
+    Printf(" indir: %zd", MaxCoverage.CallerCalleeCoverage);
+  if (!Corpus.empty()) {
+    Printf(" corp: %zd", Corpus.NumActiveUnits());
+    if (size_t N = Corpus.SizeInBytes()) {
+      if (N < (1<<14))
+        Printf("/%zdb", N);
+      else if (N < (1 << 24))
+        Printf("/%zdKb", N >> 10);
+      else
+        Printf("/%zdMb", N >> 20);
+    }
+  }
+  if (Units)
+    Printf(" units: %zd", Units);
+
+  Printf(" exec/s: %zd", ExecPerSec);
+  Printf(" rss: %zdMb", GetPeakRSSMb());
+  Printf("%s", End);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::PrintFinalStats() {
+  if (Options.PrintCoverage)
+    TPC.PrintCoverage();
+  if (Options.DumpCoverage)
+    TPC.DumpCoverage();
+  if (Options.PrintCorpusStats)
+    Corpus.PrintStats();
+  if (!Options.PrintFinalStats) return;
+  size_t ExecPerSec = execPerSec();
+  Printf("stat::number_of_executed_units: %zd\n", TotalNumberOfRuns);
+  Printf("stat::average_exec_per_sec:     %zd\n", ExecPerSec);
+  Printf("stat::new_units_added:          %zd\n", NumberOfNewUnitsAdded);
+  Printf("stat::slowest_unit_time_sec:    %zd\n", TimeOfLongestUnitInSeconds);
+  Printf("stat::peak_rss_mb:              %zd\n", GetPeakRSSMb());
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::SetMaxInputLen(size_t MaxInputLen) {
+  assert(this->MaxInputLen == 0); // Can only reset MaxInputLen from 0 to non-0.
+  assert(MaxInputLen);
+  this->MaxInputLen = MaxInputLen;
+  this->MaxMutationLen = MaxInputLen;
+  AllocateCurrentUnitData();
+  Printf("INFO: -max_len is not provided, using %zd\n", MaxInputLen);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::SetMaxMutationLen(size_t MaxMutationLen) {
+  assert(MaxMutationLen && MaxMutationLen <= MaxInputLen);
+  this->MaxMutationLen = MaxMutationLen;
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::CheckExitOnSrcPosOrItem() {
+  if (!Options.ExitOnSrcPos.empty()) {
+    static auto *PCsSet = new std::set<uintptr_t>;
+    for (size_t i = 1, N = TPC.GetNumPCs(); i < N; i++) {
+      uintptr_t PC = TPC.GetPC(i);
+      if (!PC) continue;
+      if (!PCsSet->insert(PC).second) continue;
+      std::string Descr = DescribePC("%L", PC);
+      if (Descr.find(Options.ExitOnSrcPos) != std::string::npos) {
+        Printf("INFO: found line matching '%s', exiting.\n",
+               Options.ExitOnSrcPos.c_str());
+        _Exit(0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (!Options.ExitOnItem.empty()) {
+    if (Corpus.HasUnit(Options.ExitOnItem)) {
+      Printf("INFO: found item with checksum '%s', exiting.\n",
+             Options.ExitOnItem.c_str());
+      _Exit(0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::RereadOutputCorpus(size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Options.OutputCorpus.empty() || !Options.ReloadIntervalSec) return;
+  std::vector<Unit> AdditionalCorpus;
+  ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(Options.OutputCorpus.c_str(), &AdditionalCorpus,
+                         &EpochOfLastReadOfOutputCorpus, MaxSize,
+                         /*ExitOnError*/ false);
+  if (Options.Verbosity >= 2)
+    Printf("Reload: read %zd new units.\n", AdditionalCorpus.size());
+  bool Reloaded = false;
+  for (auto &U : AdditionalCorpus) {
+    if (U.size() > MaxSize)
+      U.resize(MaxSize);
+    if (!Corpus.HasUnit(U)) {
+      if (size_t NumFeatures = RunOne(U)) {
+        CheckExitOnSrcPosOrItem();
+        Corpus.AddToCorpus(U, NumFeatures);
+        Reloaded = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (Reloaded)
+    PrintStats("RELOAD");
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ShuffleCorpus(UnitVector *V) {
+  std::random_shuffle(V->begin(), V->end(), MD.GetRand());
+  if (Options.PreferSmall)
+    std::stable_sort(V->begin(), V->end(), [](const Unit &A, const Unit &B) {
+      return A.size() < B.size();
+    });
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ShuffleAndMinimize(UnitVector *InitialCorpus) {
+  Printf("#0\tREAD units: %zd\n", InitialCorpus->size());
+  if (Options.ShuffleAtStartUp)
+    ShuffleCorpus(InitialCorpus);
+
+  // Test the callback with empty input and never try it again.
+  uint8_t dummy;
+  ExecuteCallback(&dummy, 0);
+
+  for (const auto &U : *InitialCorpus) {
+    if (size_t NumFeatures = RunOne(U)) {
+      CheckExitOnSrcPosOrItem();
+      Corpus.AddToCorpus(U, NumFeatures);
+      if (Options.Verbosity >= 2)
+        Printf("NEW0: %zd L %zd\n", MaxCoverage.BlockCoverage, U.size());
+    }
+    TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(U.data(), U.size(),
+                            /*DuringInitialCorpusExecution*/ true);
+  }
+  PrintStats("INITED");
+  if (Corpus.empty()) {
+    Printf("ERROR: no interesting inputs were found. "
+           "Is the code instrumented for coverage? Exiting.\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t Fuzzer::RunOne(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (!Size) return 0;
+  TotalNumberOfRuns++;
+
+  ExecuteCallback(Data, Size);
+
+  size_t Res = 0;
+  if (size_t NumFeatures = TPC.CollectFeatures([&](size_t Feature) -> bool {
+        return Corpus.AddFeature(Feature, Size, Options.Shrink);
+      }))
+    Res = NumFeatures;
+
+  if (!TPC.UsingTracePcGuard()) {
+    if (TPC.UpdateValueProfileMap(&MaxCoverage.VPMap))
+      Res = 1;
+    if (!Res && RecordMaxCoverage(&MaxCoverage))
+      Res = 1;
+  }
+
+  auto TimeOfUnit =
+      duration_cast<seconds>(UnitStopTime - UnitStartTime).count();
+  if (!(TotalNumberOfRuns & (TotalNumberOfRuns - 1)) &&
+      secondsSinceProcessStartUp() >= 2)
+    PrintStats("pulse ");
+  if (TimeOfUnit > TimeOfLongestUnitInSeconds * 1.1 &&
+      TimeOfUnit >= Options.ReportSlowUnits) {
+    TimeOfLongestUnitInSeconds = TimeOfUnit;
+    Printf("Slowest unit: %zd s:\n", TimeOfLongestUnitInSeconds);
+    WriteUnitToFileWithPrefix({Data, Data + Size}, "slow-unit-");
+  }
+  return Res;
+}
+
+size_t Fuzzer::GetCurrentUnitInFuzzingThead(const uint8_t **Data) const {
+  assert(InFuzzingThread());
+  *Data = CurrentUnitData;
+  return CurrentUnitSize;
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ExecuteCallback(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(InFuzzingThread());
+  // We copy the contents of Unit into a separate heap buffer
+  // so that we reliably find buffer overflows in it.
+  uint8_t *DataCopy = new uint8_t[Size];
+  memcpy(DataCopy, Data, Size);
+  if (CurrentUnitData && CurrentUnitData != Data)
+    memcpy(CurrentUnitData, Data, Size);
+  CurrentUnitSize = Size;
+  AllocTracer.Start(Options.TraceMalloc);
+  UnitStartTime = system_clock::now();
+  ResetCounters();  // Reset coverage right before the callback.
+  TPC.ResetMaps();
+  RunningCB = true;
+  int Res = CB(DataCopy, Size);
+  RunningCB = false;
+  UnitStopTime = system_clock::now();
+  (void)Res;
+  assert(Res == 0);
+  HasMoreMallocsThanFrees = AllocTracer.Stop();
+  CurrentUnitSize = 0;
+  delete[] DataCopy;
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::WriteToOutputCorpus(const Unit &U) {
+  if (Options.OnlyASCII)
+    assert(IsASCII(U));
+  if (Options.OutputCorpus.empty())
+    return;
+  std::string Path = DirPlusFile(Options.OutputCorpus, Hash(U));
+  WriteToFile(U, Path);
+  if (Options.Verbosity >= 2)
+    Printf("Written to %s\n", Path.c_str());
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::WriteUnitToFileWithPrefix(const Unit &U, const char *Prefix) {
+  if (!Options.SaveArtifacts)
+    return;
+  std::string Path = Options.ArtifactPrefix + Prefix + Hash(U);
+  if (!Options.ExactArtifactPath.empty())
+    Path = Options.ExactArtifactPath; // Overrides ArtifactPrefix.
+  WriteToFile(U, Path);
+  Printf("artifact_prefix='%s'; Test unit written to %s\n",
+         Options.ArtifactPrefix.c_str(), Path.c_str());
+  if (U.size() <= kMaxUnitSizeToPrint)
+    Printf("Base64: %s\n", Base64(U).c_str());
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::PrintStatusForNewUnit(const Unit &U) {
+  if (!Options.PrintNEW)
+    return;
+  PrintStats("NEW   ", "");
+  if (Options.Verbosity) {
+    Printf(" L: %zd ", U.size());
+    MD.PrintMutationSequence();
+    Printf("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ReportNewCoverage(InputInfo *II, const Unit &U) {
+  II->NumSuccessfullMutations++;
+  MD.RecordSuccessfulMutationSequence();
+  PrintStatusForNewUnit(U);
+  WriteToOutputCorpus(U);
+  NumberOfNewUnitsAdded++;
+  TPC.PrintNewPCs();
+}
+
+// Finds minimal number of units in 'Extra' that add coverage to 'Initial'.
+// We do it by actually executing the units, sometimes more than once,
+// because we may be using different coverage-like signals and the only
+// common thing between them is that we can say "this unit found new stuff".
+UnitVector Fuzzer::FindExtraUnits(const UnitVector &Initial,
+                                  const UnitVector &Extra) {
+  UnitVector Res = Extra;
+  UnitVector Tmp;
+  size_t OldSize = Res.size();
+  for (int Iter = 0; Iter < 10; Iter++) {
+    ShuffleCorpus(&Res);
+    TPC.ResetMaps();
+    Corpus.ResetFeatureSet();
+    ResetCoverage();
+
+    for (auto &U : Initial) {
+      TPC.ResetMaps();
+      RunOne(U);
+    }
+
+    Tmp.clear();
+    for (auto &U : Res) {
+      TPC.ResetMaps();
+      if (RunOne(U))
+        Tmp.push_back(U);
+    }
+
+    char Stat[7] = "MIN   ";
+    Stat[3] = '0' + Iter;
+    PrintStats(Stat, "\n", Tmp.size());
+
+    size_t NewSize = Tmp.size();
+    assert(NewSize <= OldSize);
+    Res.swap(Tmp);
+
+    if (NewSize + 5 >= OldSize)
+      break;
+    OldSize = NewSize;
+  }
+  return Res;
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::Merge(const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora) {
+  if (Corpora.size() <= 1) {
+    Printf("Merge requires two or more corpus dirs\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  InMergeMode = true;
+  std::vector<std::string> ExtraCorpora(Corpora.begin() + 1, Corpora.end());
+
+  assert(MaxInputLen > 0);
+  UnitVector Initial, Extra;
+  ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(Corpora[0].c_str(), &Initial, nullptr, MaxInputLen,
+                         true);
+  for (auto &C : ExtraCorpora)
+    ReadDirToVectorOfUnits(C.c_str(), &Extra, nullptr, MaxInputLen, true);
+
+  if (!Initial.empty()) {
+    Printf("=== Minimizing the initial corpus of %zd units\n", Initial.size());
+    Initial = FindExtraUnits({}, Initial);
+  }
+
+  Printf("=== Merging extra %zd units\n", Extra.size());
+  auto Res = FindExtraUnits(Initial, Extra);
+
+  for (auto &U: Res)
+    WriteToOutputCorpus(U);
+
+  Printf("=== Merge: written %zd units\n", Res.size());
+}
+
+// Tries detecting a memory leak on the particular input that we have just
+// executed before calling this function.
+void Fuzzer::TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                     bool DuringInitialCorpusExecution) {
+  if (!HasMoreMallocsThanFrees) return;  // mallocs==frees, a leak is unlikely.
+  if (!Options.DetectLeaks) return;
+  if (!&(EF->__lsan_enable) || !&(EF->__lsan_disable) ||
+      !(EF->__lsan_do_recoverable_leak_check))
+    return;  // No lsan.
+  // Run the target once again, but with lsan disabled so that if there is
+  // a real leak we do not report it twice.
+  EF->__lsan_disable();
+  ExecuteCallback(Data, Size);
+  EF->__lsan_enable();
+  if (!HasMoreMallocsThanFrees) return;  // a leak is unlikely.
+  if (NumberOfLeakDetectionAttempts++ > 1000) {
+    Options.DetectLeaks = false;
+    Printf("INFO: libFuzzer disabled leak detection after every mutation.\n"
+           "      Most likely the target function accumulates allocated\n"
+           "      memory in a global state w/o actually leaking it.\n"
+           "      You may try running this binary with -trace_malloc=[12]"
+           "      to get a trace of mallocs and frees.\n"
+           "      If LeakSanitizer is enabled in this process it will still\n"
+           "      run on the process shutdown.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Now perform the actual lsan pass. This is expensive and we must ensure
+  // we don't call it too often.
+  if (EF->__lsan_do_recoverable_leak_check()) { // Leak is found, report it.
+    if (DuringInitialCorpusExecution)
+      Printf("\nINFO: a leak has been found in the initial corpus.\n\n");
+    Printf("INFO: to ignore leaks on libFuzzer side use -detect_leaks=0.\n\n");
+    CurrentUnitSize = Size;
+    DumpCurrentUnit("leak-");
+    PrintFinalStats();
+    _Exit(Options.ErrorExitCode);  // not exit() to disable lsan further on.
+  }
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::MutateAndTestOne() {
+  MD.StartMutationSequence();
+
+  auto &II = Corpus.ChooseUnitToMutate(MD.GetRand());
+  const auto &U = II.U;
+  memcpy(BaseSha1, II.Sha1, sizeof(BaseSha1));
+  assert(CurrentUnitData);
+  size_t Size = U.size();
+  assert(Size <= MaxInputLen && "Oversized Unit");
+  memcpy(CurrentUnitData, U.data(), Size);
+
+  assert(MaxMutationLen > 0);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < Options.MutateDepth; i++) {
+    if (TotalNumberOfRuns >= Options.MaxNumberOfRuns)
+      break;
+    size_t NewSize = 0;
+    NewSize = MD.Mutate(CurrentUnitData, Size, MaxMutationLen);
+    assert(NewSize > 0 && "Mutator returned empty unit");
+    assert(NewSize <= MaxMutationLen && "Mutator return overisized unit");
+    Size = NewSize;
+    if (i == 0)
+      StartTraceRecording();
+    II.NumExecutedMutations++;
+    if (size_t NumFeatures = RunOne(CurrentUnitData, Size)) {
+      Corpus.AddToCorpus({CurrentUnitData, CurrentUnitData + Size}, NumFeatures,
+                         /*MayDeleteFile=*/true);
+      ReportNewCoverage(&II, {CurrentUnitData, CurrentUnitData + Size});
+      CheckExitOnSrcPosOrItem();
+    }
+    StopTraceRecording();
+    TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(CurrentUnitData, Size,
+                            /*DuringInitialCorpusExecution*/ false);
+  }
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::ResetCoverage() {
+  ResetEdgeCoverage();
+  MaxCoverage.Reset();
+  PrepareCounters(&MaxCoverage);
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::Loop() {
+  system_clock::time_point LastCorpusReload = system_clock::now();
+  if (Options.DoCrossOver)
+    MD.SetCorpus(&Corpus);
+  while (true) {
+    auto Now = system_clock::now();
+    if (duration_cast<seconds>(Now - LastCorpusReload).count() >=
+        Options.ReloadIntervalSec) {
+      RereadOutputCorpus(MaxInputLen);
+      LastCorpusReload = system_clock::now();
+    }
+    if (TotalNumberOfRuns >= Options.MaxNumberOfRuns)
+      break;
+    if (TimedOut()) break;
+    // Perform several mutations and runs.
+    MutateAndTestOne();
+  }
+
+  PrintStats("DONE  ", "\n");
+  MD.PrintRecommendedDictionary();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::MinimizeCrashLoop(const Unit &U) {
+  if (U.size() <= 2) return;
+  while (!TimedOut() && TotalNumberOfRuns < Options.MaxNumberOfRuns) {
+    MD.StartMutationSequence();
+    memcpy(CurrentUnitData, U.data(), U.size());
+    for (int i = 0; i < Options.MutateDepth; i++) {
+      size_t NewSize = MD.Mutate(CurrentUnitData, U.size(), MaxMutationLen);
+      assert(NewSize > 0 && NewSize <= MaxMutationLen);
+      RunOne(CurrentUnitData, NewSize);
+      TryDetectingAMemoryLeak(CurrentUnitData, NewSize,
+                              /*DuringInitialCorpusExecution*/ false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+extern "C" {
+
+size_t LLVMFuzzerMutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  assert(fuzzer::F);
+  return fuzzer::F->GetMD().DefaultMutate(Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
+}  // extern "C"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMain.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af86572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//===- FuzzerMain.cpp - main() function and flags -------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// main() and flags.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+// This function should be defined by the user.
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+}  // extern "C"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  return fuzzer::FuzzerDriver(&argc, &argv, LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput);
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84660e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+//===- FuzzerMerge.cpp - merging corpora ----------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Merging corpora.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerMerge.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include "FuzzerUtil.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+bool Merger::Parse(const std::string &Str, bool ParseCoverage) {
+  std::istringstream SS(Str);
+  return Parse(SS, ParseCoverage);
+}
+
+void Merger::ParseOrExit(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
+  if (!Parse(IS, ParseCoverage)) {
+    Printf("MERGE: failed to parse the control file (unexpected error)\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+// The control file example:
+//
+// 3 # The number of inputs
+// 1 # The number of inputs in the first corpus, <= the previous number
+// file0
+// file1
+// file2  # One file name per line.
+// STARTED 0 123  # FileID, file size
+// DONE 0 1 4 6 8  # FileID COV1 COV2 ...
+// STARTED 1 456  # If DONE is missing, the input crashed while processing.
+// STARTED 2 567
+// DONE 2 8 9
+bool Merger::Parse(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
+  LastFailure.clear();
+  std::string Line;
+
+  // Parse NumFiles.
+  if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
+  std::istringstream L1(Line);
+  size_t NumFiles = 0;
+  L1 >> NumFiles;
+  if (NumFiles == 0 || NumFiles > 10000000) return false;
+
+  // Parse NumFilesInFirstCorpus.
+  if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
+  std::istringstream L2(Line);
+  NumFilesInFirstCorpus = NumFiles + 1;
+  L2 >> NumFilesInFirstCorpus;
+  if (NumFilesInFirstCorpus > NumFiles) return false;
+
+  // Parse file names.
+  Files.resize(NumFiles);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFiles; i++)
+    if (!std::getline(IS, Files[i].Name, '\n'))
+      return false;
+
+  // Parse STARTED and DONE lines.
+  size_t ExpectedStartMarker = 0;
+  const size_t kInvalidStartMarker = -1;
+  size_t LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
+  while (std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) {
+    std::istringstream ISS1(Line);
+    std::string Marker;
+    size_t N;
+    ISS1 >> Marker;
+    ISS1 >> N;
+    if (Marker == "STARTED") {
+      // STARTED FILE_ID FILE_SIZE
+      if (ExpectedStartMarker != N)
+        return false;
+      ISS1 >> Files[ExpectedStartMarker].Size;
+      LastSeenStartMarker = ExpectedStartMarker;
+      assert(ExpectedStartMarker < Files.size());
+      ExpectedStartMarker++;
+    } else if (Marker == "DONE") {
+      // DONE FILE_SIZE COV1 COV2 COV3 ...
+      size_t CurrentFileIdx = N;
+      if (CurrentFileIdx != LastSeenStartMarker)
+        return false;
+      LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
+      if (ParseCoverage) {
+        auto &V = Files[CurrentFileIdx].Features;
+        V.clear();
+        while (ISS1 >> std::hex >> N)
+          V.push_back(N);
+        std::sort(V.begin(), V.end());
+      }
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (LastSeenStartMarker != kInvalidStartMarker)
+    LastFailure = Files[LastSeenStartMarker].Name;
+
+  FirstNotProcessedFile = ExpectedStartMarker;
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Decides which files need to be merged (add thost to NewFiles).
+// Returns the number of new features added.
+size_t Merger::Merge(std::vector<std::string> *NewFiles) {
+  NewFiles->clear();
+  assert(NumFilesInFirstCorpus <= Files.size());
+  std::set<uint32_t> AllFeatures;
+
+  // What features are in the initial corpus?
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i++) {
+    auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
+    AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
+  }
+  size_t InitialNumFeatures = AllFeatures.size();
+
+  // Remove all features that we already know from all other inputs.
+  for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
+    auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> Tmp;
+    std::set_difference(Cur.begin(), Cur.end(), AllFeatures.begin(),
+                        AllFeatures.end(), std::inserter(Tmp, Tmp.begin()));
+    Cur.swap(Tmp);
+  }
+
+  // Sort. Give preference to
+  //   * smaller files
+  //   * files with more features.
+  std::sort(Files.begin() + NumFilesInFirstCorpus, Files.end(),
+            [&](const MergeFileInfo &a, const MergeFileInfo &b) -> bool {
+              if (a.Size != b.Size)
+                return a.Size < b.Size;
+              return a.Features.size() > b.Features.size();
+            });
+
+  // One greedy pass: add the file's features to AllFeatures.
+  // If new features were added, add this file to NewFiles.
+  for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
+    auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
+    // Printf("%s -> sz %zd ft %zd\n", Files[i].Name.c_str(),
+    //       Files[i].Size, Cur.size());
+    size_t OldSize = AllFeatures.size();
+    AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
+    if (AllFeatures.size() > OldSize)
+      NewFiles->push_back(Files[i].Name);
+  }
+  return AllFeatures.size() - InitialNumFeatures;
+}
+
+// Inner process. May crash if the target crashes.
+void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMergeInternalStep(const std::string &CFPath) {
+  Printf("MERGE-INNER: using the control file '%s'\n", CFPath.c_str());
+  Merger M;
+  std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
+  M.ParseOrExit(IF, false);
+  IF.close();
+  if (!M.LastFailure.empty())
+    Printf("MERGE-INNER: '%s' caused a failure at the previous merge step\n",
+           M.LastFailure.c_str());
+
+  Printf("MERGE-INNER: %zd total files;"
+         " %zd processed earlier; will process %zd files now\n",
+         M.Files.size(), M.FirstNotProcessedFile,
+         M.Files.size() - M.FirstNotProcessedFile);
+
+  std::ofstream OF(CFPath, std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::app);
+  for (size_t i = M.FirstNotProcessedFile; i < M.Files.size(); i++) {
+    auto U = FileToVector(M.Files[i].Name);
+    if (U.size() > MaxInputLen) {
+      U.resize(MaxInputLen);
+      U.shrink_to_fit();
+    }
+    std::ostringstream StartedLine;
+    // Write the pre-run marker.
+    OF << "STARTED " << std::dec << i << " " << U.size() << "\n";
+    OF.flush();  // Flush is important since ExecuteCommand may crash.
+    // Run.
+    TPC.ResetMaps();
+    ExecuteCallback(U.data(), U.size());
+    // Collect coverage.
+    std::set<size_t> Features;
+    TPC.CollectFeatures([&](size_t Feature) -> bool {
+      Features.insert(Feature);
+      return true;
+    });
+    // Show stats.
+    TotalNumberOfRuns++;
+    if (!(TotalNumberOfRuns & (TotalNumberOfRuns - 1)))
+      PrintStats("pulse ");
+    // Write the post-run marker and the coverage.
+    OF << "DONE " << i;
+    for (size_t F : Features)
+      OF << " " << std::hex << F;
+    OF << "\n";
+  }
+}
+
+// Outer process. Does not call the target code and thus sohuld not fail.
+void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMerge(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                                 const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora) {
+  if (Corpora.size() <= 1) {
+    Printf("Merge requires two or more corpus dirs\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<std::string> AllFiles;
+  ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[0], nullptr, &AllFiles, /*TopDir*/true);
+  size_t NumFilesInFirstCorpus = AllFiles.size();
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < Corpora.size(); i++)
+    ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[i], nullptr, &AllFiles, /*TopDir*/true);
+  Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd files, %zd in the initial corpus\n",
+         AllFiles.size(), NumFilesInFirstCorpus);
+  std::string CFPath =
+      "libFuzzerTemp." + std::to_string(GetPid()) + ".txt";
+  // Write the control file.
+  RemoveFile(CFPath);
+  std::ofstream ControlFile(CFPath);
+  ControlFile << AllFiles.size() << "\n";
+  ControlFile << NumFilesInFirstCorpus << "\n";
+  for (auto &Path: AllFiles)
+    ControlFile << Path << "\n";
+  ControlFile.close();
+
+  // Execute the inner process untill it passes.
+  // Every inner process should execute at least one input.
+  std::string BaseCmd = CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, "keep-all-flags");
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= AllFiles.size(); i++) {
+    Printf("MERGE-OUTER: attempt %zd\n", i);
+    auto ExitCode =
+        ExecuteCommand(BaseCmd + " -merge_control_file=" + CFPath);
+    if (!ExitCode) {
+      Printf("MERGE-OUTER: succesfull in %zd attempt(s)\n", i);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // Read the control file and do the merge.
+  Merger M;
+  std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
+  M.ParseOrExit(IF, true);
+  IF.close();
+  std::vector<std::string> NewFiles;
+  size_t NumNewFeatures = M.Merge(&NewFiles);
+  Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd new files with %zd new features added\n",
+         NewFiles.size(), NumNewFeatures);
+  for (auto &F: NewFiles)
+    WriteToOutputCorpus(FileToVector(F));
+  // We are done, delete the control file.
+  RemoveFile(CFPath);
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a2fe5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMerge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//===- FuzzerMerge.h - merging corpa ----------------------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Merging Corpora.
+//
+// The task:
+//   Take the existing corpus (possibly empty) and merge new inputs into
+//   it so that only inputs with new coverage ('features') are added.
+//   The process should tolerate the crashes, OOMs, leaks, etc.
+//
+// Algorithm:
+//   The outter process collects the set of files and writes their names
+//   into a temporary "control" file, then repeatedly launches the inner
+//   process until all inputs are processed.
+//   The outer process does not actually execute the target code.
+//
+//   The inner process reads the control file and sees a) list of all the inputs
+//   and b) the last processed input. Then it starts processing the inputs one
+//   by one. Before processing every input it writes one line to control file:
+//   STARTED INPUT_ID INPUT_SIZE
+//   After processing an input it write another line:
+//   DONE INPUT_ID Feature1 Feature2 Feature3 ...
+//   If a crash happens while processing an input the last line in the control
+//   file will be "STARTED INPUT_ID" and so the next process will know
+//   where to resume.
+//
+//   Once all inputs are processed by the innner process(es) the outer process
+//   reads the control files and does the merge based entirely on the contents
+//   of control file.
+//   It uses a single pass greedy algorithm choosing first the smallest inputs
+//   within the same size the inputs that have more new features.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_MERGE_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_MERGE_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+#include <istream>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+struct MergeFileInfo {
+  std::string Name;
+  size_t Size = 0;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> Features;
+};
+
+struct Merger {
+  std::vector<MergeFileInfo> Files;
+  size_t NumFilesInFirstCorpus = 0;
+  size_t FirstNotProcessedFile = 0;
+  std::string LastFailure;
+
+  bool Parse(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage);
+  bool Parse(const std::string &Str, bool ParseCoverage);
+  void ParseOrExit(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage);
+  size_t Merge(std::vector<std::string> *NewFiles);
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_MERGE_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80b7a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+//===- FuzzerMutate.cpp - Mutate a test input -----------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Mutate a test input.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerCorpus.h"
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerOptions.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+const size_t Dictionary::kMaxDictSize;
+
+static void PrintASCII(const Word &W, const char *PrintAfter) {
+  PrintASCII(W.data(), W.size(), PrintAfter);
+}
+
+MutationDispatcher::MutationDispatcher(Random &Rand,
+                                       const FuzzingOptions &Options)
+    : Rand(Rand), Options(Options) {
+  DefaultMutators.insert(
+      DefaultMutators.begin(),
+      {
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_EraseBytes, "EraseBytes"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertByte, "InsertByte"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertRepeatedBytes,
+           "InsertRepeatedBytes"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeByte, "ChangeByte"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBit, "ChangeBit"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ShuffleBytes, "ShuffleBytes"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeASCIIInteger, "ChangeASCIIInt"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBinaryInteger, "ChangeBinInt"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CopyPart, "CopyPart"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CrossOver, "CrossOver"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromManualDictionary,
+           "ManualDict"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromTemporaryAutoDictionary,
+           "TempAutoDict"},
+          {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromPersistentAutoDictionary,
+           "PersAutoDict"},
+      });
+  if(Options.UseCmp)
+    DefaultMutators.push_back(
+        {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromTORC, "CMP"});
+
+  if (EF->LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator)
+    Mutators.push_back({&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_Custom, "Custom"});
+  else
+    Mutators = DefaultMutators;
+
+  if (EF->LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossOver)
+    Mutators.push_back(
+        {&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CustomCrossOver, "CustomCrossOver"});
+}
+
+static char RandCh(Random &Rand) {
+  if (Rand.RandBool()) return Rand(256);
+  const char *Special = "!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]012Az-`~.\xff\x00";
+  return Special[Rand(sizeof(Special) - 1)];
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_Custom(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                         size_t MaxSize) {
+  return EF->LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator(Data, Size, MaxSize, Rand.Rand());
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CustomCrossOver(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                                  size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (!Corpus || Corpus->size() < 2 || Size == 0)
+    return 0;
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Corpus->size());
+  const Unit &Other = (*Corpus)[Idx];
+  if (Other.empty())
+    return 0;
+  MutateInPlaceHere.resize(MaxSize);
+  auto &U = MutateInPlaceHere;
+  size_t NewSize = EF->LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossOver(
+      Data, Size, Other.data(), Other.size(), U.data(), U.size(), Rand.Rand());
+  if (!NewSize)
+    return 0;
+  assert(NewSize <= MaxSize && "CustomCrossOver returned overisized unit");
+  memcpy(Data, U.data(), NewSize);
+  return NewSize;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ShuffleBytes(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                               size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  assert(Size);
+  size_t ShuffleAmount =
+      Rand(std::min(Size, (size_t)8)) + 1; // [1,8] and <= Size.
+  size_t ShuffleStart = Rand(Size - ShuffleAmount);
+  assert(ShuffleStart + ShuffleAmount <= Size);
+  std::random_shuffle(Data + ShuffleStart, Data + ShuffleStart + ShuffleAmount,
+                      Rand);
+  return Size;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_EraseBytes(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                             size_t MaxSize) {
+  assert(Size);
+  if (Size == 1) return 0;
+  size_t N = Rand(Size / 2) + 1;
+  assert(N < Size);
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Size - N + 1);
+  // Erase Data[Idx:Idx+N].
+  memmove(Data + Idx, Data + Idx + N, Size - Idx - N);
+  // Printf("Erase: %zd %zd => %zd; Idx %zd\n", N, Size, Size - N, Idx);
+  return Size - N;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertByte(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                             size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size >= MaxSize) return 0;
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Size + 1);
+  // Insert new value at Data[Idx].
+  memmove(Data + Idx + 1, Data + Idx, Size - Idx);
+  Data[Idx] = RandCh(Rand);
+  return Size + 1;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertRepeatedBytes(uint8_t *Data,
+                                                      size_t Size,
+                                                      size_t MaxSize) {
+  const size_t kMinBytesToInsert = 3;
+  if (Size + kMinBytesToInsert >= MaxSize) return 0;
+  size_t MaxBytesToInsert = std::min(MaxSize - Size, (size_t)128);
+  size_t N = Rand(MaxBytesToInsert - kMinBytesToInsert + 1) + kMinBytesToInsert;
+  assert(Size + N <= MaxSize && N);
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Size + 1);
+  // Insert new values at Data[Idx].
+  memmove(Data + Idx + N, Data + Idx, Size - Idx);
+  // Give preference to 0x00 and 0xff.
+  uint8_t Byte = Rand.RandBool() ? Rand(256) : (Rand.RandBool() ? 0 : 255);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    Data[Idx + i] = Byte;
+  return Size + N;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeByte(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                             size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Size);
+  Data[Idx] = RandCh(Rand);
+  return Size;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBit(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                            size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Size);
+  Data[Idx] ^= 1 << Rand(8);
+  return Size;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromManualDictionary(uint8_t *Data,
+                                                              size_t Size,
+                                                              size_t MaxSize) {
+  return AddWordFromDictionary(ManualDictionary, Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromTemporaryAutoDictionary(
+    uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  return AddWordFromDictionary(TempAutoDictionary, Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::ApplyDictionaryEntry(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                                size_t MaxSize,
+                                                DictionaryEntry &DE) {
+  const Word &W = DE.GetW();
+  bool UsePositionHint = DE.HasPositionHint() &&
+                         DE.GetPositionHint() + W.size() < Size &&
+                         Rand.RandBool();
+  if (Rand.RandBool()) {  // Insert W.
+    if (Size + W.size() > MaxSize) return 0;
+    size_t Idx = UsePositionHint ? DE.GetPositionHint() : Rand(Size + 1);
+    memmove(Data + Idx + W.size(), Data + Idx, Size - Idx);
+    memcpy(Data + Idx, W.data(), W.size());
+    Size += W.size();
+  } else {  // Overwrite some bytes with W.
+    if (W.size() > Size) return 0;
+    size_t Idx = UsePositionHint ? DE.GetPositionHint() : Rand(Size - W.size());
+    memcpy(Data + Idx, W.data(), W.size());
+  }
+  return Size;
+}
+
+// Somewhere in the past we have observed a comparison instructions
+// with arguments Arg1 Arg2. This function tries to guess a dictionary
+// entry that will satisfy that comparison.
+// It first tries to find one of the arguments (possibly swapped) in the
+// input and if it succeeds it creates a DE with a position hint.
+// Otherwise it creates a DE with one of the arguments w/o a position hint.
+template <class T>
+DictionaryEntry MutationDispatcher::MakeDictionaryEntryFromCMP(
+    T Arg1, T Arg2, const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem scoped_doing_my_own_memmem;
+  bool HandleFirst = Rand.RandBool();
+  T ExistingBytes, DesiredBytes;
+  Word W;
+  const uint8_t *End = Data + Size;
+  for (int Arg = 0; Arg < 2; Arg++) {
+    ExistingBytes = HandleFirst ? Arg1 : Arg2;
+    DesiredBytes = HandleFirst ? Arg2 : Arg1;
+    DesiredBytes += Rand(-1, 1);
+    if (Rand.RandBool()) ExistingBytes = Bswap(ExistingBytes);
+    if (Rand.RandBool()) DesiredBytes = Bswap(DesiredBytes);
+    HandleFirst = !HandleFirst;
+    W.Set(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&DesiredBytes), sizeof(T));
+    const size_t kMaxNumPositions = 8;
+    size_t Positions[kMaxNumPositions];
+    size_t NumPositions = 0;
+    for (const uint8_t *Cur = Data;
+         Cur < End && NumPositions < kMaxNumPositions; Cur++) {
+      Cur = (uint8_t *)SearchMemory(Cur, End - Cur, &ExistingBytes, sizeof(T));
+      if (!Cur) break;
+      Positions[NumPositions++] = Cur - Data;
+    }
+    if (!NumPositions) break;
+    return DictionaryEntry(W, Positions[Rand(NumPositions)]);
+  }
+  DictionaryEntry DE(W);
+  return DE;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromTORC(
+    uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  Word W;
+  DictionaryEntry DE;
+  if (Rand.RandBool()) {
+    auto X = TPC.TORC8.Get(Rand.Rand());
+    DE = MakeDictionaryEntryFromCMP(X.A, X.B, Data, Size);
+  } else {
+    auto X = TPC.TORC4.Get(Rand.Rand());
+    if ((X.A >> 16) == 0 && (X.B >> 16) == 0 && Rand.RandBool())
+      DE = MakeDictionaryEntryFromCMP((uint16_t)X.A, (uint16_t)X.B, Data,
+                                      Size);
+    else
+      DE = MakeDictionaryEntryFromCMP(X.A, X.B, Data, Size);
+  }
+  Size = ApplyDictionaryEntry(Data, Size, MaxSize, DE);
+  if (!Size) return 0;
+  DictionaryEntry &DERef =
+      CmpDictionaryEntriesDeque[CmpDictionaryEntriesDequeIdx++ %
+                                kCmpDictionaryEntriesDequeSize];
+  DERef = DE;
+  CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.push_back(&DERef);
+  return Size;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromPersistentAutoDictionary(
+    uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  return AddWordFromDictionary(PersistentAutoDictionary, Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::AddWordFromDictionary(Dictionary &D, uint8_t *Data,
+                                                 size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  if (D.empty()) return 0;
+  DictionaryEntry &DE = D[Rand(D.size())];
+  Size = ApplyDictionaryEntry(Data, Size, MaxSize, DE);
+  if (!Size) return 0;
+  DE.IncUseCount();
+  CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.push_back(&DE);
+  return Size;
+}
+
+// Overwrites part of To[0,ToSize) with a part of From[0,FromSize).
+// Returns ToSize.
+size_t MutationDispatcher::CopyPartOf(const uint8_t *From, size_t FromSize,
+                                      uint8_t *To, size_t ToSize) {
+  // Copy From[FromBeg, FromBeg + CopySize) into To[ToBeg, ToBeg + CopySize).
+  size_t ToBeg = Rand(ToSize);
+  size_t CopySize = Rand(ToSize - ToBeg) + 1;
+  assert(ToBeg + CopySize <= ToSize);
+  CopySize = std::min(CopySize, FromSize);
+  size_t FromBeg = Rand(FromSize - CopySize + 1);
+  assert(FromBeg + CopySize <= FromSize);
+  memmove(To + ToBeg, From + FromBeg, CopySize);
+  return ToSize;
+}
+
+// Inserts part of From[0,ToSize) into To.
+// Returns new size of To on success or 0 on failure.
+size_t MutationDispatcher::InsertPartOf(const uint8_t *From, size_t FromSize,
+                                        uint8_t *To, size_t ToSize,
+                                        size_t MaxToSize) {
+  if (ToSize >= MaxToSize) return 0;
+  size_t AvailableSpace = MaxToSize - ToSize;
+  size_t MaxCopySize = std::min(AvailableSpace, FromSize);
+  size_t CopySize = Rand(MaxCopySize) + 1;
+  size_t FromBeg = Rand(FromSize - CopySize + 1);
+  assert(FromBeg + CopySize <= FromSize);
+  size_t ToInsertPos = Rand(ToSize + 1);
+  assert(ToInsertPos + CopySize <= MaxToSize);
+  size_t TailSize = ToSize - ToInsertPos;
+  if (To == From) {
+    MutateInPlaceHere.resize(MaxToSize);
+    memcpy(MutateInPlaceHere.data(), From + FromBeg, CopySize);
+    memmove(To + ToInsertPos + CopySize, To + ToInsertPos, TailSize);
+    memmove(To + ToInsertPos, MutateInPlaceHere.data(), CopySize);
+  } else {
+    memmove(To + ToInsertPos + CopySize, To + ToInsertPos, TailSize);
+    memmove(To + ToInsertPos, From + FromBeg, CopySize);
+  }
+  return ToSize + CopySize;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CopyPart(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                           size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  if (Rand.RandBool())
+    return CopyPartOf(Data, Size, Data, Size);
+  else
+    return InsertPartOf(Data, Size, Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeASCIIInteger(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                                     size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  size_t B = Rand(Size);
+  while (B < Size && !isdigit(Data[B])) B++;
+  if (B == Size) return 0;
+  size_t E = B;
+  while (E < Size && isdigit(Data[E])) E++;
+  assert(B < E);
+  // now we have digits in [B, E).
+  // strtol and friends don't accept non-zero-teminated data, parse it manually.
+  uint64_t Val = Data[B] - '0';
+  for (size_t i = B + 1; i < E; i++)
+    Val = Val * 10 + Data[i] - '0';
+
+  // Mutate the integer value.
+  switch(Rand(5)) {
+    case 0: Val++; break;
+    case 1: Val--; break;
+    case 2: Val /= 2; break;
+    case 3: Val *= 2; break;
+    case 4: Val = Rand(Val * Val); break;
+    default: assert(0);
+  }
+  // Just replace the bytes with the new ones, don't bother moving bytes.
+  for (size_t i = B; i < E; i++) {
+    size_t Idx = E + B - i - 1;
+    assert(Idx >= B && Idx < E);
+    Data[Idx] = (Val % 10) + '0';
+    Val /= 10;
+  }
+  return Size;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+size_t ChangeBinaryInteger(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, Random &Rand) {
+  if (Size < sizeof(T)) return 0;
+  size_t Off = Rand(Size - sizeof(T) + 1);
+  assert(Off + sizeof(T) <= Size);
+  T Val;
+  if (Off < 64 && !Rand(4)) {
+    Val = Size;
+    if (Rand.RandBool())
+      Val = Bswap(Val);
+  } else {
+    memcpy(&Val, Data + Off, sizeof(Val));
+    T Add = Rand(21);
+    Add -= 10;
+    if (Rand.RandBool())
+      Val = Bswap(T(Bswap(Val) + Add)); // Add assuming different endiannes.
+    else
+      Val = Val + Add;               // Add assuming current endiannes.
+    if (Add == 0 || Rand.RandBool()) // Maybe negate.
+      Val = -Val;
+  }
+  memcpy(Data + Off, &Val, sizeof(Val));
+  return Size;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBinaryInteger(uint8_t *Data,
+                                                      size_t Size,
+                                                      size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  switch (Rand(4)) {
+    case 3: return ChangeBinaryInteger<uint64_t>(Data, Size, Rand);
+    case 2: return ChangeBinaryInteger<uint32_t>(Data, Size, Rand);
+    case 1: return ChangeBinaryInteger<uint16_t>(Data, Size, Rand);
+    case 0: return ChangeBinaryInteger<uint8_t>(Data, Size, Rand);
+    default: assert(0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CrossOver(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                            size_t MaxSize) {
+  if (Size > MaxSize) return 0;
+  if (!Corpus || Corpus->size() < 2 || Size == 0) return 0;
+  size_t Idx = Rand(Corpus->size());
+  const Unit &O = (*Corpus)[Idx];
+  if (O.empty()) return 0;
+  MutateInPlaceHere.resize(MaxSize);
+  auto &U = MutateInPlaceHere;
+  size_t NewSize = 0;
+  switch(Rand(3)) {
+    case 0:
+      NewSize = CrossOver(Data, Size, O.data(), O.size(), U.data(), U.size());
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      NewSize = InsertPartOf(O.data(), O.size(), U.data(), U.size(), MaxSize);
+      if (NewSize)
+        break;
+      // LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case 2:
+      NewSize = CopyPartOf(O.data(), O.size(), U.data(), U.size());
+      break;
+    default: assert(0);
+  }
+  assert(NewSize > 0 && "CrossOver returned empty unit");
+  assert(NewSize <= MaxSize && "CrossOver returned overisized unit");
+  memcpy(Data, U.data(), NewSize);
+  return NewSize;
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::StartMutationSequence() {
+  CurrentMutatorSequence.clear();
+  CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.clear();
+}
+
+// Copy successful dictionary entries to PersistentAutoDictionary.
+void MutationDispatcher::RecordSuccessfulMutationSequence() {
+  for (auto DE : CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence) {
+    // PersistentAutoDictionary.AddWithSuccessCountOne(DE);
+    DE->IncSuccessCount();
+    // Linear search is fine here as this happens seldom.
+    if (!PersistentAutoDictionary.ContainsWord(DE->GetW()))
+      PersistentAutoDictionary.push_back({DE->GetW(), 1});
+  }
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::PrintRecommendedDictionary() {
+  std::vector<DictionaryEntry> V;
+  for (auto &DE : PersistentAutoDictionary)
+    if (!ManualDictionary.ContainsWord(DE.GetW()))
+      V.push_back(DE);
+  if (V.empty()) return;
+  Printf("###### Recommended dictionary. ######\n");
+  for (auto &DE: V) {
+    Printf("\"");
+    PrintASCII(DE.GetW(), "\"");
+    Printf(" # Uses: %zd\n", DE.GetUseCount());
+  }
+  Printf("###### End of recommended dictionary. ######\n");
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::PrintMutationSequence() {
+  Printf("MS: %zd ", CurrentMutatorSequence.size());
+  for (auto M : CurrentMutatorSequence)
+    Printf("%s-", M.Name);
+  if (!CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.empty()) {
+    Printf(" DE: ");
+    for (auto DE : CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence) {
+      Printf("\"");
+      PrintASCII(DE->GetW(), "\"-");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::Mutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize) {
+  return MutateImpl(Data, Size, MaxSize, Mutators);
+}
+
+size_t MutationDispatcher::DefaultMutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                         size_t MaxSize) {
+  return MutateImpl(Data, Size, MaxSize, DefaultMutators);
+}
+
+// Mutates Data in place, returns new size.
+size_t MutationDispatcher::MutateImpl(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                      size_t MaxSize,
+                                      const std::vector<Mutator> &Mutators) {
+  assert(MaxSize > 0);
+  if (Size == 0) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MaxSize; i++)
+      Data[i] = RandCh(Rand);
+    if (Options.OnlyASCII)
+      ToASCII(Data, MaxSize);
+    return MaxSize;
+  }
+  assert(Size > 0);
+  // Some mutations may fail (e.g. can't insert more bytes if Size == MaxSize),
+  // in which case they will return 0.
+  // Try several times before returning un-mutated data.
+  for (int Iter = 0; Iter < 100; Iter++) {
+    auto M = Mutators[Rand(Mutators.size())];
+    size_t NewSize = (this->*(M.Fn))(Data, Size, MaxSize);
+    if (NewSize && NewSize <= MaxSize) {
+      if (Options.OnlyASCII)
+        ToASCII(Data, NewSize);
+      CurrentMutatorSequence.push_back(M);
+      return NewSize;
+    }
+  }
+  return std::min(Size, MaxSize);
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::AddWordToManualDictionary(const Word &W) {
+  ManualDictionary.push_back(
+      {W, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()});
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::AddWordToAutoDictionary(DictionaryEntry DE) {
+  static const size_t kMaxAutoDictSize = 1 << 14;
+  if (TempAutoDictionary.size() >= kMaxAutoDictSize) return;
+  TempAutoDictionary.push_back(DE);
+}
+
+void MutationDispatcher::ClearAutoDictionary() {
+  TempAutoDictionary.clear();
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3c0b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//===- FuzzerMutate.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ----------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::MutationDispatcher
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_MUTATE_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_MUTATE_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerDictionary.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+class MutationDispatcher {
+public:
+  MutationDispatcher(Random &Rand, const FuzzingOptions &Options);
+  ~MutationDispatcher() {}
+  /// Indicate that we are about to start a new sequence of mutations.
+  void StartMutationSequence();
+  /// Print the current sequence of mutations.
+  void PrintMutationSequence();
+  /// Indicate that the current sequence of mutations was successfull.
+  void RecordSuccessfulMutationSequence();
+  /// Mutates data by invoking user-provided mutator.
+  size_t Mutate_Custom(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by invoking user-provided crossover.
+  size_t Mutate_CustomCrossOver(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by shuffling bytes.
+  size_t Mutate_ShuffleBytes(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by erasing bytes.
+  size_t Mutate_EraseBytes(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by inserting a byte.
+  size_t Mutate_InsertByte(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by inserting several repeated bytes.
+  size_t Mutate_InsertRepeatedBytes(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by chanding one byte.
+  size_t Mutate_ChangeByte(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by chanding one bit.
+  size_t Mutate_ChangeBit(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Mutates data by copying/inserting a part of data into a different place.
+  size_t Mutate_CopyPart(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Mutates data by adding a word from the manual dictionary.
+  size_t Mutate_AddWordFromManualDictionary(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                            size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Mutates data by adding a word from the temporary automatic dictionary.
+  size_t Mutate_AddWordFromTemporaryAutoDictionary(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                                   size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Mutates data by adding a word from the TORC.
+  size_t Mutate_AddWordFromTORC(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Mutates data by adding a word from the persistent automatic dictionary.
+  size_t Mutate_AddWordFromPersistentAutoDictionary(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                                    size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Tries to find an ASCII integer in Data, changes it to another ASCII int.
+  size_t Mutate_ChangeASCIIInteger(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Change a 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-byte integer in interesting ways.
+  size_t Mutate_ChangeBinaryInteger(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// CrossOver Data with some other element of the corpus.
+  size_t Mutate_CrossOver(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Applies one of the configured mutations.
+  /// Returns the new size of data which could be up to MaxSize.
+  size_t Mutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+  /// Applies one of the default mutations. Provided as a service
+  /// to mutation authors.
+  size_t DefaultMutate(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize);
+
+  /// Creates a cross-over of two pieces of Data, returns its size.
+  size_t CrossOver(const uint8_t *Data1, size_t Size1, const uint8_t *Data2,
+                   size_t Size2, uint8_t *Out, size_t MaxOutSize);
+
+  void AddWordToManualDictionary(const Word &W);
+
+  void AddWordToAutoDictionary(DictionaryEntry DE);
+  void ClearAutoDictionary();
+  void PrintRecommendedDictionary();
+
+  void SetCorpus(const InputCorpus *Corpus) { this->Corpus = Corpus; }
+
+  Random &GetRand() { return Rand; }
+
+private:
+
+  struct Mutator {
+    size_t (MutationDispatcher::*Fn)(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t Max);
+    const char *Name;
+  };
+
+  size_t AddWordFromDictionary(Dictionary &D, uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                               size_t MaxSize);
+  size_t MutateImpl(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize,
+                    const std::vector<Mutator> &Mutators);
+
+  size_t InsertPartOf(const uint8_t *From, size_t FromSize, uint8_t *To,
+                      size_t ToSize, size_t MaxToSize);
+  size_t CopyPartOf(const uint8_t *From, size_t FromSize, uint8_t *To,
+                    size_t ToSize);
+  size_t ApplyDictionaryEntry(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, size_t MaxSize,
+                              DictionaryEntry &DE);
+
+  template <class T>
+  DictionaryEntry MakeDictionaryEntryFromCMP(T Arg1, T Arg2,
+                                             const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+  Random &Rand;
+  const FuzzingOptions &Options;
+
+  // Dictionary provided by the user via -dict=DICT_FILE.
+  Dictionary ManualDictionary;
+  // Temporary dictionary modified by the fuzzer itself,
+  // recreated periodically.
+  Dictionary TempAutoDictionary;
+  // Persistent dictionary modified by the fuzzer, consists of
+  // entries that led to successfull discoveries in the past mutations.
+  Dictionary PersistentAutoDictionary;
+
+  std::vector<Mutator> CurrentMutatorSequence;
+  std::vector<DictionaryEntry *> CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence;
+
+  static const size_t kCmpDictionaryEntriesDequeSize = 16;
+  DictionaryEntry CmpDictionaryEntriesDeque[kCmpDictionaryEntriesDequeSize];
+  size_t CmpDictionaryEntriesDequeIdx = 0;
+
+  const InputCorpus *Corpus = nullptr;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> MutateInPlaceHere;
+
+  std::vector<Mutator> Mutators;
+  std::vector<Mutator> DefaultMutators;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_MUTATE_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerOptions.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerOptions.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e93fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerOptions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//===- FuzzerOptions.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ---------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::FuzzingOptions
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_OPTIONS_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_OPTIONS_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+struct FuzzingOptions {
+  int Verbosity = 1;
+  size_t MaxLen = 0;
+  int UnitTimeoutSec = 300;
+  int TimeoutExitCode = 77;
+  int ErrorExitCode = 77;
+  int MaxTotalTimeSec = 0;
+  int RssLimitMb = 0;
+  bool DoCrossOver = true;
+  int MutateDepth = 5;
+  bool UseCounters = false;
+  bool UseIndirCalls = true;
+  bool UseMemcmp = true;
+  bool UseMemmem = true;
+  bool UseCmp = false;
+  bool UseValueProfile = false;
+  bool Shrink = false;
+  int ReloadIntervalSec = 1;
+  bool ShuffleAtStartUp = true;
+  bool PreferSmall = true;
+  size_t MaxNumberOfRuns = -1L;
+  int ReportSlowUnits = 10;
+  bool OnlyASCII = false;
+  std::string OutputCorpus;
+  std::string ArtifactPrefix = "./";
+  std::string ExactArtifactPath;
+  std::string ExitOnSrcPos;
+  std::string ExitOnItem;
+  bool SaveArtifacts = true;
+  bool PrintNEW = true; // Print a status line when new units are found;
+  bool OutputCSV = false;
+  bool PrintNewCovPcs = false;
+  bool PrintFinalStats = false;
+  bool PrintCorpusStats = false;
+  bool PrintCoverage = false;
+  bool DumpCoverage = false;
+  bool DetectLeaks = true;
+  int  TraceMalloc = 0;
+  bool HandleAbrt = false;
+  bool HandleBus = false;
+  bool HandleFpe = false;
+  bool HandleIll = false;
+  bool HandleInt = false;
+  bool HandleSegv = false;
+  bool HandleTerm = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_OPTIONS_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerRandom.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerRandom.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1be0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerRandom.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//===- FuzzerRandom.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ----------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::Random
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_RANDOM_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_RANDOM_H
+
+#include <random>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+class Random {
+ public:
+  Random(unsigned int seed) : R(seed) {}
+  size_t Rand() { return R(); }
+  size_t RandBool() { return Rand() % 2; }
+  size_t operator()(size_t n) { return n ? Rand() % n : 0; }
+  intptr_t operator()(intptr_t From, intptr_t To) {
+    assert(From < To);
+    intptr_t RangeSize = To - From + 1;
+    return operator()(RangeSize) + From;
+  }
+  std::mt19937 &Get_mt19937() { return R; }
+ private:
+  std::mt19937 R;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_RANDOM_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2f8e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//===- FuzzerSHA1.h - Private copy of the SHA1 implementation ---*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// This code is taken from public domain
+// (http://oauth.googlecode.com/svn/code/c/liboauth/src/sha1.c)
+// and modified by adding anonymous namespace, adding an interface
+// function fuzzer::ComputeSHA1() and removing unnecessary code.
+//
+// lib/Fuzzer can not use SHA1 implementation from openssl because
+// openssl may not be available and because we may be fuzzing openssl itself.
+// For the same reason we do not want to depend on SHA1 from LLVM tree.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerSHA1.h"
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+/* This code is public-domain - it is based on libcrypt
+ * placed in the public domain by Wei Dai and other contributors.
+ */
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+namespace {  // Added for LibFuzzer
+
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
+# define SHA_BIG_ENDIAN
+#elif defined __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+/* override */
+#elif defined __BYTE_ORDER
+# if __BYTE_ORDER__ ==  __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+# define SHA_BIG_ENDIAN
+# endif
+#else // ! defined __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+# include <endian.h> // machine/endian.h
+# if __BYTE_ORDER__ ==  __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#  define SHA_BIG_ENDIAN
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
+/* header */
+
+#define HASH_LENGTH 20
+#define BLOCK_LENGTH 64
+
+typedef struct sha1nfo {
+	uint32_t buffer[BLOCK_LENGTH/4];
+	uint32_t state[HASH_LENGTH/4];
+	uint32_t byteCount;
+	uint8_t bufferOffset;
+	uint8_t keyBuffer[BLOCK_LENGTH];
+	uint8_t innerHash[HASH_LENGTH];
+} sha1nfo;
+
+/* public API - prototypes - TODO: doxygen*/
+
+/**
+ */
+void sha1_init(sha1nfo *s);
+/**
+ */
+void sha1_writebyte(sha1nfo *s, uint8_t data);
+/**
+ */
+void sha1_write(sha1nfo *s, const char *data, size_t len);
+/**
+ */
+uint8_t* sha1_result(sha1nfo *s);
+
+
+/* code */
+#define SHA1_K0  0x5a827999
+#define SHA1_K20 0x6ed9eba1
+#define SHA1_K40 0x8f1bbcdc
+#define SHA1_K60 0xca62c1d6
+
+void sha1_init(sha1nfo *s) {
+	s->state[0] = 0x67452301;
+	s->state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
+	s->state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
+	s->state[3] = 0x10325476;
+	s->state[4] = 0xc3d2e1f0;
+	s->byteCount = 0;
+	s->bufferOffset = 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t sha1_rol32(uint32_t number, uint8_t bits) {
+	return ((number << bits) | (number >> (32-bits)));
+}
+
+void sha1_hashBlock(sha1nfo *s) {
+	uint8_t i;
+	uint32_t a,b,c,d,e,t;
+
+	a=s->state[0];
+	b=s->state[1];
+	c=s->state[2];
+	d=s->state[3];
+	e=s->state[4];
+	for (i=0; i<80; i++) {
+		if (i>=16) {
+			t = s->buffer[(i+13)&15] ^ s->buffer[(i+8)&15] ^ s->buffer[(i+2)&15] ^ s->buffer[i&15];
+			s->buffer[i&15] = sha1_rol32(t,1);
+		}
+		if (i<20) {
+			t = (d ^ (b & (c ^ d))) + SHA1_K0;
+		} else if (i<40) {
+			t = (b ^ c ^ d) + SHA1_K20;
+		} else if (i<60) {
+			t = ((b & c) | (d & (b | c))) + SHA1_K40;
+		} else {
+			t = (b ^ c ^ d) + SHA1_K60;
+		}
+		t+=sha1_rol32(a,5) + e + s->buffer[i&15];
+		e=d;
+		d=c;
+		c=sha1_rol32(b,30);
+		b=a;
+		a=t;
+	}
+	s->state[0] += a;
+	s->state[1] += b;
+	s->state[2] += c;
+	s->state[3] += d;
+	s->state[4] += e;
+}
+
+void sha1_addUncounted(sha1nfo *s, uint8_t data) {
+	uint8_t * const b = (uint8_t*) s->buffer;
+#ifdef SHA_BIG_ENDIAN
+	b[s->bufferOffset] = data;
+#else
+	b[s->bufferOffset ^ 3] = data;
+#endif
+	s->bufferOffset++;
+	if (s->bufferOffset == BLOCK_LENGTH) {
+		sha1_hashBlock(s);
+		s->bufferOffset = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+void sha1_writebyte(sha1nfo *s, uint8_t data) {
+	++s->byteCount;
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, data);
+}
+
+void sha1_write(sha1nfo *s, const char *data, size_t len) {
+	for (;len--;) sha1_writebyte(s, (uint8_t) *data++);
+}
+
+void sha1_pad(sha1nfo *s) {
+	// Implement SHA-1 padding (fips180-2 §5.1.1)
+
+	// Pad with 0x80 followed by 0x00 until the end of the block
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, 0x80);
+	while (s->bufferOffset != 56) sha1_addUncounted(s, 0x00);
+
+	// Append length in the last 8 bytes
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, 0); // We're only using 32 bit lengths
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, 0); // But SHA-1 supports 64 bit lengths
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, 0); // So zero pad the top bits
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, s->byteCount >> 29); // Shifting to multiply by 8
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, s->byteCount >> 21); // as SHA-1 supports bitstreams as well as
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, s->byteCount >> 13); // byte.
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, s->byteCount >> 5);
+	sha1_addUncounted(s, s->byteCount << 3);
+}
+
+uint8_t* sha1_result(sha1nfo *s) {
+	// Pad to complete the last block
+	sha1_pad(s);
+
+#ifndef SHA_BIG_ENDIAN
+	// Swap byte order back
+	int i;
+	for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
+		s->state[i]=
+			  (((s->state[i])<<24)& 0xff000000)
+			| (((s->state[i])<<8) & 0x00ff0000)
+			| (((s->state[i])>>8) & 0x0000ff00)
+			| (((s->state[i])>>24)& 0x000000ff);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// Return pointer to hash (20 characters)
+	return (uint8_t*) s->state;
+}
+
+}  // namespace; Added for LibFuzzer
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// The rest is added for LibFuzzer
+void ComputeSHA1(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Len, uint8_t *Out) {
+  sha1nfo s;
+  sha1_init(&s);
+  sha1_write(&s, (const char*)Data, Len);
+  memcpy(Out, sha1_result(&s), HASH_LENGTH);
+}
+
+std::string Sha1ToString(const uint8_t Sha1[kSHA1NumBytes]) {
+  std::stringstream SS;
+  for (int i = 0; i < kSHA1NumBytes; i++)
+    SS << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (unsigned)Sha1[i];
+  return SS.str();
+}
+
+std::string Hash(const Unit &U) {
+  uint8_t Hash[kSHA1NumBytes];
+  ComputeSHA1(U.data(), U.size(), Hash);
+  return Sha1ToString(Hash);
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b5e6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerSHA1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//===- FuzzerSHA1.h - Internal header for the SHA1 utils --------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// SHA1 utils.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_SHA1_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_SHA1_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// Private copy of SHA1 implementation.
+static const int kSHA1NumBytes = 20;
+
+// Computes SHA1 hash of 'Len' bytes in 'Data', writes kSHA1NumBytes to 'Out'.
+void ComputeSHA1(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Len, uint8_t *Out);
+
+std::string Sha1ToString(const uint8_t Sha1[kSHA1NumBytes]);
+
+std::string Hash(const Unit &U);
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_SHA1_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81c084b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+//===- FuzzerTracePC.cpp - PC tracing--------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Trace PCs.
+// This module implements __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard[_init],
+// the callback required for -fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard instrumentation.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerCorpus.h"
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerDictionary.h"
+#include "FuzzerExtFunctions.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include "FuzzerValueBitMap.h"
+#include <map>
+#include <sanitizer/coverage_interface.h>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+TracePC TPC;
+
+void TracePC::HandleTrace(uint32_t *Guard, uintptr_t PC) {
+  uint32_t Idx = *Guard;
+  if (!Idx) return;
+  PCs[Idx % kNumPCs] = PC;
+  Counters[Idx % kNumCounters]++;
+}
+
+size_t TracePC::GetTotalPCCoverage() {
+  size_t Res = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < GetNumPCs(); i++)
+    if (PCs[i])
+      Res++;
+  return Res;
+}
+
+void TracePC::HandleInit(uint32_t *Start, uint32_t *Stop) {
+  if (Start == Stop || *Start) return;
+  assert(NumModules < sizeof(Modules) / sizeof(Modules[0]));
+  for (uint32_t *P = Start; P < Stop; P++)
+    *P = ++NumGuards;
+  Modules[NumModules].Start = Start;
+  Modules[NumModules].Stop = Stop;
+  NumModules++;
+}
+
+void TracePC::PrintModuleInfo() {
+  Printf("INFO: Loaded %zd modules (%zd guards): ", NumModules, NumGuards);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumModules; i++)
+    Printf("[%p, %p), ", Modules[i].Start, Modules[i].Stop);
+  Printf("\n");
+}
+
+void TracePC::HandleCallerCallee(uintptr_t Caller, uintptr_t Callee) {
+  const uintptr_t kBits = 12;
+  const uintptr_t kMask = (1 << kBits) - 1;
+  uintptr_t Idx = (Caller & kMask) | ((Callee & kMask) << kBits);
+  HandleValueProfile(Idx);
+}
+
+static bool IsInterestingCoverageFile(std::string &File) {
+  if (File.find("compiler-rt/lib/") != std::string::npos)
+    return false; // sanitizer internal.
+  if (File.find("/usr/lib/") != std::string::npos)
+    return false;
+  if (File.find("/usr/include/") != std::string::npos)
+    return false;
+  if (File == "<null>")
+    return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void TracePC::PrintNewPCs() {
+  if (DoPrintNewPCs) {
+    if (!PrintedPCs)
+      PrintedPCs = new std::set<uintptr_t>;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < GetNumPCs(); i++)
+      if (PCs[i] && PrintedPCs->insert(PCs[i]).second)
+        PrintPC("\tNEW_PC: %p %F %L\n", "\tNEW_PC: %p\n", PCs[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+void TracePC::PrintCoverage() {
+  if (!EF->__sanitizer_symbolize_pc ||
+      !EF->__sanitizer_get_module_and_offset_for_pc) {
+    Printf("INFO: __sanitizer_symbolize_pc or "
+           "__sanitizer_get_module_and_offset_for_pc is not available,"
+           " not printing coverage\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  std::map<std::string, std::vector<uintptr_t>> CoveredPCsPerModule;
+  std::map<std::string, uintptr_t> ModuleOffsets;
+  std::set<std::string> CoveredDirs, CoveredFiles, CoveredFunctions,
+      CoveredLines;
+  Printf("COVERAGE:\n");
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < GetNumPCs(); i++) {
+    if (!PCs[i]) continue;
+    std::string FileStr = DescribePC("%s", PCs[i]);
+    if (!IsInterestingCoverageFile(FileStr)) continue;
+    std::string FixedPCStr = DescribePC("%p", PCs[i]);
+    std::string FunctionStr = DescribePC("%F", PCs[i]);
+    std::string LineStr = DescribePC("%l", PCs[i]);
+    char ModulePathRaw[4096] = "";  // What's PATH_MAX in portable C++?
+    void *OffsetRaw = nullptr;
+    if (!EF->__sanitizer_get_module_and_offset_for_pc(
+            reinterpret_cast<void *>(PCs[i]), ModulePathRaw,
+            sizeof(ModulePathRaw), &OffsetRaw))
+      continue;
+    std::string Module = ModulePathRaw;
+    uintptr_t FixedPC = std::stol(FixedPCStr, 0, 16);
+    uintptr_t PcOffset = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(OffsetRaw);
+    ModuleOffsets[Module] = FixedPC - PcOffset;
+    CoveredPCsPerModule[Module].push_back(PcOffset);
+    CoveredFunctions.insert(FunctionStr);
+    CoveredFiles.insert(FileStr);
+    CoveredDirs.insert(DirName(FileStr));
+    if (!CoveredLines.insert(FileStr + ":" + LineStr).second)
+      continue;
+    Printf("COVERED: %s %s:%s\n", FunctionStr.c_str(),
+           FileStr.c_str(), LineStr.c_str());
+  }
+
+  std::string CoveredDirsStr;
+  for (auto &Dir : CoveredDirs) {
+    if (!CoveredDirsStr.empty())
+      CoveredDirsStr += ",";
+    CoveredDirsStr += Dir;
+  }
+  Printf("COVERED_DIRS: %s\n", CoveredDirsStr.c_str());
+
+  for (auto &M : CoveredPCsPerModule) {
+    std::set<std::string> UncoveredFiles, UncoveredFunctions;
+    std::map<std::string, std::set<int> > UncoveredLines;  // Func+File => lines
+    auto &ModuleName = M.first;
+    auto &CoveredOffsets = M.second;
+    uintptr_t ModuleOffset = ModuleOffsets[ModuleName];
+    std::sort(CoveredOffsets.begin(), CoveredOffsets.end());
+    Printf("MODULE_WITH_COVERAGE: %s\n", ModuleName.c_str());
+    // sancov does not yet fully support DSOs.
+    // std::string Cmd = "sancov -print-coverage-pcs " + ModuleName;
+    std::string Cmd = "objdump -d " + ModuleName +
+        " | grep 'call.*__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard' | awk -F: '{print $1}'";
+    std::string SanCovOutput;
+    if (!ExecuteCommandAndReadOutput(Cmd, &SanCovOutput)) {
+      Printf("INFO: Command failed: %s\n", Cmd.c_str());
+      continue;
+    }
+    std::istringstream ISS(SanCovOutput);
+    std::string S;
+    while (std::getline(ISS, S, '\n')) {
+      uintptr_t PcOffset = std::stol(S, 0, 16);
+      if (!std::binary_search(CoveredOffsets.begin(), CoveredOffsets.end(),
+                              PcOffset)) {
+        uintptr_t PC = ModuleOffset + PcOffset;
+        auto FileStr = DescribePC("%s", PC);
+        if (!IsInterestingCoverageFile(FileStr)) continue;
+        if (CoveredFiles.count(FileStr) == 0) {
+          UncoveredFiles.insert(FileStr);
+          continue;
+        }
+        auto FunctionStr = DescribePC("%F", PC);
+        if (CoveredFunctions.count(FunctionStr) == 0) {
+          UncoveredFunctions.insert(FunctionStr);
+          continue;
+        }
+        std::string LineStr = DescribePC("%l", PC);
+        uintptr_t Line = std::stoi(LineStr);
+        std::string FileLineStr = FileStr + ":" + LineStr;
+        if (CoveredLines.count(FileLineStr) == 0)
+          UncoveredLines[FunctionStr + " " + FileStr].insert(Line);
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto &FileLine: UncoveredLines)
+      for (int Line : FileLine.second)
+        Printf("UNCOVERED_LINE: %s:%d\n", FileLine.first.c_str(), Line);
+    for (auto &Func : UncoveredFunctions)
+      Printf("UNCOVERED_FUNC: %s\n", Func.c_str());
+    for (auto &File : UncoveredFiles)
+      Printf("UNCOVERED_FILE: %s\n", File.c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void TracePC::DumpCoverage() {
+  __sanitizer_dump_coverage(PCs, GetNumPCs());
+}
+
+// Value profile.
+// We keep track of various values that affect control flow.
+// These values are inserted into a bit-set-based hash map.
+// Every new bit in the map is treated as a new coverage.
+//
+// For memcmp/strcmp/etc the interesting value is the length of the common
+// prefix of the parameters.
+// For cmp instructions the interesting value is a XOR of the parameters.
+// The interesting value is mixed up with the PC and is then added to the map.
+
+ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void TracePC::AddValueForMemcmp(void *caller_pc, const void *s1, const void *s2,
+                              size_t n) {
+  if (!n) return;
+  size_t Len = std::min(n, (size_t)32);
+  const uint8_t *A1 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s1);
+  const uint8_t *A2 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2);
+  size_t I = 0;
+  for (; I < Len; I++)
+    if (A1[I] != A2[I])
+      break;
+  size_t PC = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(caller_pc);
+  size_t Idx = I;
+  // if (I < Len)
+  //  Idx += __builtin_popcountl((A1[I] ^ A2[I])) - 1;
+  TPC.HandleValueProfile((PC & 4095) | (Idx << 12));
+}
+
+ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY
+void TracePC::AddValueForStrcmp(void *caller_pc, const char *s1, const char *s2,
+                              size_t n) {
+  if (!n) return;
+  size_t Len = std::min(n, (size_t)32);
+  const uint8_t *A1 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s1);
+  const uint8_t *A2 = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2);
+  size_t I = 0;
+  for (; I < Len; I++)
+    if (A1[I] != A2[I] || A1[I] == 0)
+      break;
+  size_t PC = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(caller_pc);
+  size_t Idx = I;
+  // if (I < Len && A1[I])
+  //  Idx += __builtin_popcountl((A1[I] ^ A2[I])) - 1;
+  TPC.HandleValueProfile((PC & 4095) | (Idx << 12));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_POPCNT
+#ifdef __clang__  // g++ can't handle this __attribute__ here :(
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+#endif  // __clang__
+void TracePC::HandleCmp(void *PC, T Arg1, T Arg2) {
+  uintptr_t PCuint = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(PC);
+  uint64_t ArgXor = Arg1 ^ Arg2;
+  uint64_t ArgDistance = __builtin_popcountl(ArgXor) + 1; // [1,65]
+  uintptr_t Idx = ((PCuint & 4095) + 1) * ArgDistance;
+  if (sizeof(T) == 4)
+      TORC4.Insert(ArgXor, Arg1, Arg2);
+  else if (sizeof(T) == 8)
+      TORC8.Insert(ArgXor, Arg1, Arg2);
+  HandleValueProfile(Idx);
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+extern "C" {
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard(uint32_t *Guard) {
+  uintptr_t PC = (uintptr_t)__builtin_return_address(0);
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleTrace(Guard, PC);
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_guard_init(uint32_t *Start, uint32_t *Stop) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleInit(Start, Stop);
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc_indir(uintptr_t Callee) {
+  uintptr_t PC = (uintptr_t)__builtin_return_address(0);
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCallerCallee(PC, Callee);
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp8(uint64_t Arg1, uint64_t Arg2) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Arg1, Arg2);
+}
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp4(uint32_t Arg1, uint32_t Arg2) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Arg1, Arg2);
+}
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp2(uint16_t Arg1, uint16_t Arg2) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Arg1, Arg2);
+}
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp1(uint8_t Arg1, uint8_t Arg2) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Arg1, Arg2);
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_switch(uint64_t Val, uint64_t *Cases) {
+  // Updates the value profile based on the relative position of Val and Cases.
+  // We want to handle one random case at every call (handling all is slow).
+  // Since none of the arguments contain any random bits we use a thread-local
+  // counter to choose the random case to handle.
+  static thread_local size_t Counter;
+  Counter++;
+  uint64_t N = Cases[0];
+  uint64_t *Vals = Cases + 2;
+  char *PC = (char*)__builtin_return_address(0);
+  // We need a random number < N using Counter as a seed. But w/o DIV.
+  // * find a power of two >= N
+  // * mask Counter with this power of two.
+  // * maybe subtract N.
+  size_t Nlog = sizeof(long) * 8 - __builtin_clzl((long)N);
+  size_t PowerOfTwoGeN = 1U << Nlog;
+  assert(PowerOfTwoGeN >= N);
+  size_t Idx = Counter & (PowerOfTwoGeN - 1);
+  if (Idx >= N)
+    Idx -= N;
+  assert(Idx < N);
+  uint64_t TwoIn32 = 1ULL << 32;
+  if ((Val | Vals[Idx]) < TwoIn32)
+    fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(PC + Idx, static_cast<uint32_t>(Val),
+                          static_cast<uint32_t>(Vals[Idx]));
+  else
+    fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(PC + Idx, Val, Vals[Idx]);
+}
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_div4(uint32_t Val) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Val, (uint32_t)0);
+}
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_div8(uint64_t Val) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Val, (uint64_t)0);
+}
+__attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void __sanitizer_cov_trace_gep(uintptr_t Idx) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.HandleCmp(__builtin_return_address(0), Idx, (uintptr_t)0);
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68827f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTracePC.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+//===- FuzzerTracePC.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer ---------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// fuzzer::TracePC
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_TRACE_PC
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_TRACE_PC
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#include "FuzzerValueBitMap.h"
+#include <set>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// TableOfRecentCompares (TORC) remembers the most recently performed
+// comparisons of type T.
+// We record the arguments of CMP instructions in this table unconditionally
+// because it seems cheaper this way than to compute some expensive
+// conditions inside __sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp*.
+// After the unit has been executed we may decide to use the contents of
+// this table to populate a Dictionary.
+template<class T, size_t kSizeT>
+struct TableOfRecentCompares {
+  static const size_t kSize = kSizeT;
+  struct Pair {
+    T A, B;
+  };
+  void Insert(size_t Idx, T Arg1, T Arg2) {
+    Idx = Idx % kSize;
+    Table[Idx].A = Arg1;
+    Table[Idx].B = Arg2;
+  }
+
+  Pair Get(size_t I) { return Table[I % kSize]; }
+
+  Pair Table[kSize];
+};
+
+class TracePC {
+ public:
+  static const size_t kFeatureSetSize = ValueBitMap::kNumberOfItems;
+
+  void HandleTrace(uint32_t *guard, uintptr_t PC);
+  void HandleInit(uint32_t *start, uint32_t *stop);
+  void HandleCallerCallee(uintptr_t Caller, uintptr_t Callee);
+  void HandleValueProfile(size_t Value) { ValueProfileMap.AddValue(Value); }
+  template <class T> void HandleCmp(void *PC, T Arg1, T Arg2);
+  size_t GetTotalPCCoverage();
+  void SetUseCounters(bool UC) { UseCounters = UC; }
+  void SetUseValueProfile(bool VP) { UseValueProfile = VP; }
+  void SetPrintNewPCs(bool P) { DoPrintNewPCs = P; }
+  template <class Callback> size_t CollectFeatures(Callback CB);
+  bool UpdateValueProfileMap(ValueBitMap *MaxValueProfileMap) {
+    return UseValueProfile && MaxValueProfileMap->MergeFrom(ValueProfileMap);
+  }
+
+  void ResetMaps() {
+    ValueProfileMap.Reset();
+    memset(Counters, 0, sizeof(Counters));
+  }
+
+  void UpdateFeatureSet(size_t CurrentElementIdx, size_t CurrentElementSize);
+  void PrintFeatureSet();
+
+  void PrintModuleInfo();
+
+  void PrintCoverage();
+  void DumpCoverage();
+
+  void AddValueForMemcmp(void *caller_pc, const void *s1, const void *s2,
+                         size_t n);
+  void AddValueForStrcmp(void *caller_pc, const char *s1, const char *s2,
+                         size_t n);
+
+  bool UsingTracePcGuard() const {return NumModules; }
+
+  static const size_t kTORCSize = 1 << 5;
+  TableOfRecentCompares<uint32_t, kTORCSize> TORC4;
+  TableOfRecentCompares<uint64_t, kTORCSize> TORC8;
+
+  void PrintNewPCs();
+  size_t GetNumPCs() const { return Min(kNumPCs, NumGuards + 1); }
+  uintptr_t GetPC(size_t Idx) {
+    assert(Idx < GetNumPCs());
+    return PCs[Idx];
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool UseCounters = false;
+  bool UseValueProfile = false;
+  bool DoPrintNewPCs = false;
+
+  struct Module {
+    uint32_t *Start, *Stop;
+  };
+
+  Module Modules[4096];
+  size_t NumModules;  // linker-initialized.
+  size_t NumGuards;  // linker-initialized.
+
+  static const size_t kNumCounters = 1 << 14;
+  alignas(8) uint8_t Counters[kNumCounters];
+
+  static const size_t kNumPCs = 1 << 24;
+  uintptr_t PCs[kNumPCs];
+
+  std::set<uintptr_t> *PrintedPCs;
+
+  ValueBitMap ValueProfileMap;
+};
+
+template <class Callback>
+size_t TracePC::CollectFeatures(Callback CB) {
+  if (!UsingTracePcGuard()) return 0;
+  size_t Res = 0;
+  const size_t Step = 8;
+  assert(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Counters) % Step == 0);
+  size_t N = Min(kNumCounters, NumGuards + 1);
+  N = (N + Step - 1) & ~(Step - 1);  // Round up.
+  for (size_t Idx = 0; Idx < N; Idx += Step) {
+    uint64_t Bundle = *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(&Counters[Idx]);
+    if (!Bundle) continue;
+    for (size_t i = Idx; i < Idx + Step; i++) {
+      uint8_t Counter = (Bundle >> ((i - Idx) * 8)) & 0xff;
+      if (!Counter) continue;
+      Counters[i] = 0;
+      unsigned Bit = 0;
+      /**/ if (Counter >= 128) Bit = 7;
+      else if (Counter >= 32) Bit = 6;
+      else if (Counter >= 16) Bit = 5;
+      else if (Counter >= 8) Bit = 4;
+      else if (Counter >= 4) Bit = 3;
+      else if (Counter >= 3) Bit = 2;
+      else if (Counter >= 2) Bit = 1;
+      size_t Feature = (i * 8 + Bit);
+      if (CB(Feature))
+        Res++;
+    }
+  }
+  if (UseValueProfile)
+    ValueProfileMap.ForEach([&](size_t Idx) {
+      if (CB(NumGuards * 8 + Idx))
+        Res++;
+    });
+  return Res;
+}
+
+extern TracePC TPC;
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_TRACE_PC
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTraceState.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTraceState.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be62a66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerTraceState.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+//===- FuzzerTraceState.cpp - Trace-based fuzzer mutator ------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Data tracing.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerDictionary.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// For now, very simple: put Size bytes of Data at position Pos.
+struct TraceBasedMutation {
+  uint32_t Pos;
+  Word W;
+};
+
+// Declared as static globals for faster checks inside the hooks.
+static bool RecordingMemcmp = false;
+static bool RecordingMemmem = false;
+static bool DoingMyOwnMemmem = false;
+
+ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem::ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem() { DoingMyOwnMemmem = true; }
+ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem::~ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem() { DoingMyOwnMemmem = false; }
+
+class TraceState {
+public:
+  TraceState(MutationDispatcher &MD, const FuzzingOptions &Options,
+             const Fuzzer *F)
+      : MD(MD), Options(Options), F(F) {}
+
+  void TraceMemcmpCallback(size_t CmpSize, const uint8_t *Data1,
+                           const uint8_t *Data2);
+
+  void TraceSwitchCallback(uintptr_t PC, size_t ValSizeInBits, uint64_t Val,
+                           size_t NumCases, uint64_t *Cases);
+  int TryToAddDesiredData(uint64_t PresentData, uint64_t DesiredData,
+                          size_t DataSize);
+  int TryToAddDesiredData(const uint8_t *PresentData,
+                          const uint8_t *DesiredData, size_t DataSize);
+
+  void StartTraceRecording() {
+    if (!Options.UseMemcmp)
+      return;
+    RecordingMemcmp = Options.UseMemcmp;
+    RecordingMemmem = Options.UseMemmem;
+    NumMutations = 0;
+    InterestingWords.clear();
+    MD.ClearAutoDictionary();
+  }
+
+  void StopTraceRecording() {
+    if (!RecordingMemcmp)
+      return;
+    RecordingMemcmp = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NumMutations; i++) {
+      auto &M = Mutations[i];
+      if (Options.Verbosity >= 2) {
+        AutoDictUnitCounts[M.W]++;
+        AutoDictAdds++;
+        if ((AutoDictAdds & (AutoDictAdds - 1)) == 0) {
+          typedef std::pair<size_t, Word> CU;
+          std::vector<CU> CountedUnits;
+          for (auto &I : AutoDictUnitCounts)
+            CountedUnits.push_back(std::make_pair(I.second, I.first));
+          std::sort(CountedUnits.begin(), CountedUnits.end(),
+                    [](const CU &a, const CU &b) { return a.first > b.first; });
+          Printf("AutoDict:\n");
+          for (auto &I : CountedUnits) {
+            Printf("   %zd ", I.first);
+            PrintASCII(I.second.data(), I.second.size());
+            Printf("\n");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      MD.AddWordToAutoDictionary({M.W, M.Pos});
+    }
+    for (auto &W : InterestingWords)
+      MD.AddWordToAutoDictionary({W});
+  }
+
+  void AddMutation(uint32_t Pos, uint32_t Size, const uint8_t *Data) {
+    if (NumMutations >= kMaxMutations) return;
+    auto &M = Mutations[NumMutations++];
+    M.Pos = Pos;
+    M.W.Set(Data, Size);
+  }
+
+  void AddMutation(uint32_t Pos, uint32_t Size, uint64_t Data) {
+    assert(Size <= sizeof(Data));
+    AddMutation(Pos, Size, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&Data));
+  }
+
+  void AddInterestingWord(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+    if (!RecordingMemmem || !F->InFuzzingThread()) return;
+    if (Size <= 1) return;
+    Size = std::min(Size, Word::GetMaxSize());
+    Word W(Data, Size);
+    InterestingWords.insert(W);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool IsTwoByteData(uint64_t Data) {
+    int64_t Signed = static_cast<int64_t>(Data);
+    Signed >>= 16;
+    return Signed == 0 || Signed == -1L;
+  }
+
+  // We don't want to create too many trace-based mutations as it is both
+  // expensive and useless. So after some number of mutations is collected,
+  // start rejecting some of them. The more there are mutations the more we
+  // reject.
+  bool WantToHandleOneMoreMutation() {
+    const size_t FirstN = 64;
+    // Gladly handle first N mutations.
+    if (NumMutations <= FirstN) return true;
+    size_t Diff = NumMutations - FirstN;
+    size_t DiffLog = sizeof(long) * 8 - __builtin_clzl((long)Diff);
+    assert(DiffLog > 0 && DiffLog < 64);
+    bool WantThisOne = MD.GetRand()(1 << DiffLog) == 0;  // 1 out of DiffLog.
+    return WantThisOne;
+  }
+
+  static const size_t kMaxMutations = 1 << 16;
+  size_t NumMutations;
+  TraceBasedMutation Mutations[kMaxMutations];
+  // TODO: std::set is too inefficient, need to have a custom DS here.
+  std::set<Word> InterestingWords;
+  MutationDispatcher &MD;
+  const FuzzingOptions Options;
+  const Fuzzer *F;
+  std::map<Word, size_t> AutoDictUnitCounts;
+  size_t AutoDictAdds = 0;
+};
+
+int TraceState::TryToAddDesiredData(uint64_t PresentData, uint64_t DesiredData,
+                                    size_t DataSize) {
+  if (NumMutations >= kMaxMutations || !WantToHandleOneMoreMutation()) return 0;
+  ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem scoped_doing_my_own_memmem;
+  const uint8_t *UnitData;
+  auto UnitSize = F->GetCurrentUnitInFuzzingThead(&UnitData);
+  int Res = 0;
+  const uint8_t *Beg = UnitData;
+  const uint8_t *End = Beg + UnitSize;
+  for (const uint8_t *Cur = Beg; Cur < End; Cur++) {
+    Cur = (uint8_t *)SearchMemory(Cur, End - Cur, &PresentData, DataSize);
+    if (!Cur)
+      break;
+    size_t Pos = Cur - Beg;
+    assert(Pos < UnitSize);
+    AddMutation(Pos, DataSize, DesiredData);
+    AddMutation(Pos, DataSize, DesiredData + 1);
+    AddMutation(Pos, DataSize, DesiredData - 1);
+    Res++;
+  }
+  return Res;
+}
+
+int TraceState::TryToAddDesiredData(const uint8_t *PresentData,
+                                    const uint8_t *DesiredData,
+                                    size_t DataSize) {
+  if (NumMutations >= kMaxMutations || !WantToHandleOneMoreMutation()) return 0;
+  ScopedDoingMyOwnMemmem scoped_doing_my_own_memmem;
+  const uint8_t *UnitData;
+  auto UnitSize = F->GetCurrentUnitInFuzzingThead(&UnitData);
+  int Res = 0;
+  const uint8_t *Beg = UnitData;
+  const uint8_t *End = Beg + UnitSize;
+  for (const uint8_t *Cur = Beg; Cur < End; Cur++) {
+    Cur = (uint8_t *)SearchMemory(Cur, End - Cur, PresentData, DataSize);
+    if (!Cur)
+      break;
+    size_t Pos = Cur - Beg;
+    assert(Pos < UnitSize);
+    AddMutation(Pos, DataSize, DesiredData);
+    Res++;
+  }
+  return Res;
+}
+
+void TraceState::TraceMemcmpCallback(size_t CmpSize, const uint8_t *Data1,
+                                     const uint8_t *Data2) {
+  if (!RecordingMemcmp || !F->InFuzzingThread()) return;
+  CmpSize = std::min(CmpSize, Word::GetMaxSize());
+  int Added2 = TryToAddDesiredData(Data1, Data2, CmpSize);
+  int Added1 = TryToAddDesiredData(Data2, Data1, CmpSize);
+  if ((Added1 || Added2) && Options.Verbosity >= 3) {
+    Printf("MemCmp Added %d%d: ", Added1, Added2);
+    if (Added1) PrintASCII(Data1, CmpSize);
+    if (Added2) PrintASCII(Data2, CmpSize);
+    Printf("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void TraceState::TraceSwitchCallback(uintptr_t PC, size_t ValSizeInBits,
+                                     uint64_t Val, size_t NumCases,
+                                     uint64_t *Cases) {
+  if (F->InFuzzingThread()) return;
+  size_t ValSize = ValSizeInBits / 8;
+  bool TryShort = IsTwoByteData(Val);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumCases; i++)
+    TryShort &= IsTwoByteData(Cases[i]);
+
+  if (Options.Verbosity >= 3)
+    Printf("TraceSwitch: %p %zd # %zd; TryShort %d\n", PC, Val, NumCases,
+           TryShort);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumCases; i++) {
+    TryToAddDesiredData(Val, Cases[i], ValSize);
+    if (TryShort)
+      TryToAddDesiredData(Val, Cases[i], 2);
+  }
+}
+
+static TraceState *TS;
+
+void Fuzzer::StartTraceRecording() {
+  if (!TS) return;
+  TS->StartTraceRecording();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::StopTraceRecording() {
+  if (!TS) return;
+  TS->StopTraceRecording();
+}
+
+void Fuzzer::InitializeTraceState() {
+  if (!Options.UseMemcmp) return;
+  TS = new TraceState(MD, Options, this);
+}
+
+static size_t InternalStrnlen(const char *S, size_t MaxLen) {
+  size_t Len = 0;
+  for (; Len < MaxLen && S[Len]; Len++) {}
+  return Len;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+using fuzzer::TS;
+using fuzzer::RecordingMemcmp;
+
+extern "C" {
+
+// We may need to avoid defining weak hooks to stay compatible with older clang.
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_DEFINES_SANITIZER_WEAK_HOOOKS
+# define LLVM_FUZZER_DEFINES_SANITIZER_WEAK_HOOOKS 1
+#endif
+
+#if LLVM_FUZZER_DEFINES_SANITIZER_WEAK_HOOOKS
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_memcmp(void *caller_pc, const void *s1,
+                                  const void *s2, size_t n, int result) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.AddValueForMemcmp(caller_pc, s1, s2, n);
+  if (!RecordingMemcmp) return;
+  if (result == 0) return;  // No reason to mutate.
+  if (n <= 1) return;  // Not interesting.
+  TS->TraceMemcmpCallback(n, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s1),
+                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2));
+}
+
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strncmp(void *caller_pc, const char *s1,
+                                   const char *s2, size_t n, int result) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.AddValueForStrcmp(caller_pc, s1, s2, n);
+  if (!RecordingMemcmp) return;
+  if (result == 0) return;  // No reason to mutate.
+  size_t Len1 = fuzzer::InternalStrnlen(s1, n);
+  size_t Len2 = fuzzer::InternalStrnlen(s2, n);
+  n = std::min(n, Len1);
+  n = std::min(n, Len2);
+  if (n <= 1) return;  // Not interesting.
+  TS->TraceMemcmpCallback(n, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s1),
+                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2));
+}
+
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strcmp(void *caller_pc, const char *s1,
+                                   const char *s2, int result) {
+  fuzzer::TPC.AddValueForStrcmp(caller_pc, s1, s2, 64);
+  if (!RecordingMemcmp) return;
+  if (result == 0) return;  // No reason to mutate.
+  size_t Len1 = strlen(s1);
+  size_t Len2 = strlen(s2);
+  size_t N = std::min(Len1, Len2);
+  if (N <= 1) return;  // Not interesting.
+  TS->TraceMemcmpCallback(N, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s1),
+                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2));
+}
+
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strncasecmp(void *called_pc, const char *s1,
+                                       const char *s2, size_t n, int result) {
+  return __sanitizer_weak_hook_strncmp(called_pc, s1, s2, n, result);
+}
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strcasecmp(void *called_pc, const char *s1,
+                                      const char *s2, int result) {
+  return __sanitizer_weak_hook_strcmp(called_pc, s1, s2, result);
+}
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strstr(void *called_pc, const char *s1,
+                                  const char *s2, char *result) {
+  TS->AddInterestingWord(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2), strlen(s2));
+}
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_strcasestr(void *called_pc, const char *s1,
+                                      const char *s2, char *result) {
+  TS->AddInterestingWord(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2), strlen(s2));
+}
+void __sanitizer_weak_hook_memmem(void *called_pc, const void *s1, size_t len1,
+                                  const void *s2, size_t len2, void *result) {
+  if (fuzzer::DoingMyOwnMemmem) return;
+  TS->AddInterestingWord(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(s2), len2);
+}
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_DEFINES_SANITIZER_WEAK_HOOOKS
+}  // extern "C"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5fd3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtil.cpp - Misc utils ----------------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Misc utils.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "FuzzerUtil.h"
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+void PrintHexArray(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                   const char *PrintAfter) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+    Printf("0x%x,", (unsigned)Data[i]);
+  Printf("%s", PrintAfter);
+}
+
+void Print(const Unit &v, const char *PrintAfter) {
+  PrintHexArray(v.data(), v.size(), PrintAfter);
+}
+
+void PrintASCIIByte(uint8_t Byte) {
+  if (Byte == '\\')
+    Printf("\\\\");
+  else if (Byte == '"')
+    Printf("\\\"");
+  else if (Byte >= 32 && Byte < 127)
+    Printf("%c", Byte);
+  else
+    Printf("\\x%02x", Byte);
+}
+
+void PrintASCII(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, const char *PrintAfter) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+    PrintASCIIByte(Data[i]);
+  Printf("%s", PrintAfter);
+}
+
+void PrintASCII(const Unit &U, const char *PrintAfter) {
+  PrintASCII(U.data(), U.size(), PrintAfter);
+}
+
+bool ToASCII(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  bool Changed = false;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
+    uint8_t &X = Data[i];
+    auto NewX = X;
+    NewX &= 127;
+    if (!isspace(NewX) && !isprint(NewX))
+      NewX = ' ';
+    Changed |= NewX != X;
+    X = NewX;
+  }
+  return Changed;
+}
+
+bool IsASCII(const Unit &U) { return IsASCII(U.data(), U.size()); }
+
+bool IsASCII(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+    if (!(isprint(Data[i]) || isspace(Data[i]))) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ParseOneDictionaryEntry(const std::string &Str, Unit *U) {
+  U->clear();
+  if (Str.empty()) return false;
+  size_t L = 0, R = Str.size() - 1;  // We are parsing the range [L,R].
+  // Skip spaces from both sides.
+  while (L < R && isspace(Str[L])) L++;
+  while (R > L && isspace(Str[R])) R--;
+  if (R - L < 2) return false;
+  // Check the closing "
+  if (Str[R] != '"') return false;
+  R--;
+  // Find the opening "
+  while (L < R && Str[L] != '"') L++;
+  if (L >= R) return false;
+  assert(Str[L] == '\"');
+  L++;
+  assert(L <= R);
+  for (size_t Pos = L; Pos <= R; Pos++) {
+    uint8_t V = (uint8_t)Str[Pos];
+    if (!isprint(V) && !isspace(V)) return false;
+    if (V =='\\') {
+      // Handle '\\'
+      if (Pos + 1 <= R && (Str[Pos + 1] == '\\' || Str[Pos + 1] == '"')) {
+        U->push_back(Str[Pos + 1]);
+        Pos++;
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Handle '\xAB'
+      if (Pos + 3 <= R && Str[Pos + 1] == 'x'
+           && isxdigit(Str[Pos + 2]) && isxdigit(Str[Pos + 3])) {
+        char Hex[] = "0xAA";
+        Hex[2] = Str[Pos + 2];
+        Hex[3] = Str[Pos + 3];
+        U->push_back(strtol(Hex, nullptr, 16));
+        Pos += 3;
+        continue;
+      }
+      return false;  // Invalid escape.
+    } else {
+      // Any other character.
+      U->push_back(V);
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ParseDictionaryFile(const std::string &Text, std::vector<Unit> *Units) {
+  if (Text.empty()) {
+    Printf("ParseDictionaryFile: file does not exist or is empty\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::istringstream ISS(Text);
+  Units->clear();
+  Unit U;
+  int LineNo = 0;
+  std::string S;
+  while (std::getline(ISS, S, '\n')) {
+    LineNo++;
+    size_t Pos = 0;
+    while (Pos < S.size() && isspace(S[Pos])) Pos++;  // Skip spaces.
+    if (Pos == S.size()) continue;  // Empty line.
+    if (S[Pos] == '#') continue;  // Comment line.
+    if (ParseOneDictionaryEntry(S, &U)) {
+      Units->push_back(U);
+    } else {
+      Printf("ParseDictionaryFile: error in line %d\n\t\t%s\n", LineNo,
+             S.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string Base64(const Unit &U) {
+  static const char Table[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                              "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                              "0123456789+/";
+  std::string Res;
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i + 2 < U.size(); i += 3) {
+    uint32_t x = (U[i] << 16) + (U[i + 1] << 8) + U[i + 2];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 18) & 63];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 12) & 63];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 6) & 63];
+    Res += Table[x & 63];
+  }
+  if (i + 1 == U.size()) {
+    uint32_t x = (U[i] << 16);
+    Res += Table[(x >> 18) & 63];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 12) & 63];
+    Res += "==";
+  } else if (i + 2 == U.size()) {
+    uint32_t x = (U[i] << 16) + (U[i + 1] << 8);
+    Res += Table[(x >> 18) & 63];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 12) & 63];
+    Res += Table[(x >> 6) & 63];
+    Res += "=";
+  }
+  return Res;
+}
+
+std::string DescribePC(const char *SymbolizedFMT, uintptr_t PC) {
+  if (!EF->__sanitizer_symbolize_pc) return "<can not symbolize>";
+  char PcDescr[1024];
+  EF->__sanitizer_symbolize_pc(reinterpret_cast<void*>(PC),
+                               SymbolizedFMT, PcDescr, sizeof(PcDescr));
+  PcDescr[sizeof(PcDescr) - 1] = 0;  // Just in case.
+  return PcDescr;
+}
+
+void PrintPC(const char *SymbolizedFMT, const char *FallbackFMT, uintptr_t PC) {
+  if (EF->__sanitizer_symbolize_pc)
+    Printf("%s", DescribePC(SymbolizedFMT, PC).c_str());
+  else
+    Printf(FallbackFMT, PC);
+}
+
+unsigned NumberOfCpuCores() {
+  unsigned N = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+  if (!N) {
+    Printf("WARNING: std::thread::hardware_concurrency not well defined for "
+           "your platform. Assuming CPU count of 1.\n");
+    N = 1;
+  }
+  return N;
+}
+
+bool ExecuteCommandAndReadOutput(const std::string &Command, std::string *Out) {
+  FILE *Pipe = OpenProcessPipe(Command.c_str(), "r");
+  if (!Pipe) return false;
+  char Buff[1024];
+  size_t N;
+  while ((N = fread(Buff, 1, sizeof(Buff), Pipe)) > 0)
+    Out->append(Buff, N);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08058c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtil.h - Internal header for the Fuzzer Utils ------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Util functions.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_UTIL_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_UTIL_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+void PrintHexArray(const Unit &U, const char *PrintAfter = "");
+
+void PrintHexArray(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                   const char *PrintAfter = "");
+
+void PrintASCII(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, const char *PrintAfter = "");
+
+void PrintASCII(const Unit &U, const char *PrintAfter = "");
+
+// Changes U to contain only ASCII (isprint+isspace) characters.
+// Returns true iff U has been changed.
+bool ToASCII(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+bool IsASCII(const Unit &U);
+
+bool IsASCII(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+
+std::string Base64(const Unit &U);
+
+void PrintPC(const char *SymbolizedFMT, const char *FallbackFMT, uintptr_t PC);
+
+std::string DescribePC(const char *SymbolizedFMT, uintptr_t PC);
+
+unsigned NumberOfCpuCores();
+
+bool ExecuteCommandAndReadOutput(const std::string &Command, std::string *Out);
+
+// Platform specific functions.
+void SetSignalHandler(const FuzzingOptions& Options);
+
+void SleepSeconds(int Seconds);
+
+unsigned long GetPid();
+
+size_t GetPeakRSSMb();
+
+int ExecuteCommand(const std::string &Command);
+
+FILE *OpenProcessPipe(const char *Command, const char *Mode);
+
+const void *SearchMemory(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen,
+                         const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
+
+std::string CloneArgsWithoutX(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                              const char *X1, const char *X2);
+
+inline std::string CloneArgsWithoutX(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
+                                     const char *X) {
+  return CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, X, X);
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_UTIL_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9674368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtilDarwin.cpp - Misc utils ----------------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Misc utils for Darwin.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_APPLE
+
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include <mutex>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+// There is no header for this on macOS so declare here
+extern "C" char **environ;
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+static std::mutex SignalMutex;
+// Global variables used to keep track of how signal handling should be
+// restored. They should **not** be accessed without holding `SignalMutex`.
+static int ActiveThreadCount = 0;
+static struct sigaction OldSigIntAction;
+static struct sigaction OldSigQuitAction;
+static sigset_t OldBlockedSignalsSet;
+
+// This is a reimplementation of Libc's `system()`. On Darwin the Libc
+// implementation contains a mutex which prevents it from being used
+// concurrently. This implementation **can** be used concurrently. It sets the
+// signal handlers when the first thread enters and restores them when the last
+// thread finishes execution of the function and ensures this is not racey by
+// using a mutex.
+int ExecuteCommand(const std::string &Command) {
+  posix_spawnattr_t SpawnAttributes;
+  if (posix_spawnattr_init(&SpawnAttributes))
+    return -1;
+  // Block and ignore signals of the current process when the first thread
+  // enters.
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(SignalMutex);
+    if (ActiveThreadCount == 0) {
+      static struct sigaction IgnoreSignalAction;
+      sigset_t BlockedSignalsSet;
+      memset(&IgnoreSignalAction, 0, sizeof(IgnoreSignalAction));
+      IgnoreSignalAction.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+
+      if (sigaction(SIGINT, &IgnoreSignalAction, &OldSigIntAction) == -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to ignore SIGINT\n");
+        (void)posix_spawnattr_destroy(&SpawnAttributes);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (sigaction(SIGQUIT, &IgnoreSignalAction, &OldSigQuitAction) == -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to ignore SIGQUIT\n");
+        // Try our best to restore the signal handlers.
+        (void)sigaction(SIGINT, &OldSigIntAction, NULL);
+        (void)posix_spawnattr_destroy(&SpawnAttributes);
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      (void)sigemptyset(&BlockedSignalsSet);
+      (void)sigaddset(&BlockedSignalsSet, SIGCHLD);
+      if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &BlockedSignalsSet, &OldBlockedSignalsSet) ==
+          -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to block SIGCHLD\n");
+        // Try our best to restore the signal handlers.
+        (void)sigaction(SIGQUIT, &OldSigQuitAction, NULL);
+        (void)sigaction(SIGINT, &OldSigIntAction, NULL);
+        (void)posix_spawnattr_destroy(&SpawnAttributes);
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    ++ActiveThreadCount;
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: Do not introduce any new `return` statements past this
+  // point. It is important that `ActiveThreadCount` always be decremented
+  // when leaving this function.
+
+  // Make sure the child process uses the default handlers for the
+  // following signals rather than inheriting what the parent has.
+  sigset_t DefaultSigSet;
+  (void)sigemptyset(&DefaultSigSet);
+  (void)sigaddset(&DefaultSigSet, SIGQUIT);
+  (void)sigaddset(&DefaultSigSet, SIGINT);
+  (void)posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault(&SpawnAttributes, &DefaultSigSet);
+  // Make sure the child process doesn't block SIGCHLD
+  (void)posix_spawnattr_setsigmask(&SpawnAttributes, &OldBlockedSignalsSet);
+  short SpawnFlags = POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGDEF | POSIX_SPAWN_SETSIGMASK;
+  (void)posix_spawnattr_setflags(&SpawnAttributes, SpawnFlags);
+
+  pid_t Pid;
+  char **Environ = environ; // Read from global
+  const char *CommandCStr = Command.c_str();
+  const char *Argv[] = {"sh", "-c", CommandCStr, NULL};
+  int ErrorCode = 0, ProcessStatus = 0;
+  // FIXME: We probably shouldn't hardcode the shell path.
+  ErrorCode = posix_spawn(&Pid, "/bin/sh", NULL, &SpawnAttributes,
+                          (char *const *)Argv, Environ);
+  (void)posix_spawnattr_destroy(&SpawnAttributes);
+  if (!ErrorCode) {
+    pid_t SavedPid = Pid;
+    do {
+      // Repeat until call completes uninterrupted.
+      Pid = waitpid(SavedPid, &ProcessStatus, /*options=*/0);
+    } while (Pid == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    if (Pid == -1) {
+      // Fail for some other reason.
+      ProcessStatus = -1;
+    }
+  } else if (ErrorCode == ENOMEM || ErrorCode == EAGAIN) {
+    // Fork failure.
+    ProcessStatus = -1;
+  } else {
+    // Shell execution failure.
+    ProcessStatus = W_EXITCODE(127, 0);
+  }
+
+  // Restore the signal handlers of the current process when the last thread
+  // using this function finishes.
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> Lock(SignalMutex);
+    --ActiveThreadCount;
+    if (ActiveThreadCount == 0) {
+      bool FailedRestore = false;
+      if (sigaction(SIGINT, &OldSigIntAction, NULL) == -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to restore SIGINT handling\n");
+        FailedRestore = true;
+      }
+      if (sigaction(SIGQUIT, &OldSigQuitAction, NULL) == -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to restore SIGQUIT handling\n");
+        FailedRestore = true;
+      }
+      if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &OldBlockedSignalsSet, NULL) == -1) {
+        Printf("Failed to unblock SIGCHLD\n");
+        FailedRestore = true;
+      }
+      if (FailedRestore)
+        ProcessStatus = -1;
+    }
+  }
+  return ProcessStatus;
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_APPLE
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfe7e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtilLinux.cpp - Misc utils for Linux. ------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Misc utils for Linux.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_LINUX
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+int ExecuteCommand(const std::string &Command) {
+  return system(Command.c_str());
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_LINUX
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b484b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtilPosix.cpp - Misc utils for Posix. ------------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Misc utils implementation using Posix API.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_POSIX
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+static void AlarmHandler(int, siginfo_t *, void *) {
+  Fuzzer::StaticAlarmCallback();
+}
+
+static void CrashHandler(int, siginfo_t *, void *) {
+  Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+}
+
+static void InterruptHandler(int, siginfo_t *, void *) {
+  Fuzzer::StaticInterruptCallback();
+}
+
+static void SetSigaction(int signum,
+                         void (*callback)(int, siginfo_t *, void *)) {
+  struct sigaction sigact;
+  memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
+  sigact.sa_sigaction = callback;
+  if (sigaction(signum, &sigact, 0)) {
+    Printf("libFuzzer: sigaction failed with %d\n", errno);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+void SetTimer(int Seconds) {
+  struct itimerval T {
+    {Seconds, 0}, { Seconds, 0 }
+  };
+  if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &T, nullptr)) {
+    Printf("libFuzzer: setitimer failed with %d\n", errno);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  SetSigaction(SIGALRM, AlarmHandler);
+}
+
+void SetSignalHandler(const FuzzingOptions& Options) {
+  if (Options.UnitTimeoutSec > 0)
+    SetTimer(Options.UnitTimeoutSec / 2 + 1);
+  if (Options.HandleInt)
+    SetSigaction(SIGINT, InterruptHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleTerm)
+    SetSigaction(SIGTERM, InterruptHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleSegv)
+    SetSigaction(SIGSEGV, CrashHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleBus)
+    SetSigaction(SIGBUS, CrashHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleAbrt)
+    SetSigaction(SIGABRT, CrashHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleIll)
+    SetSigaction(SIGILL, CrashHandler);
+  if (Options.HandleFpe)
+    SetSigaction(SIGFPE, CrashHandler);
+}
+
+void SleepSeconds(int Seconds) {
+  sleep(Seconds); // Use C API to avoid coverage from instrumented libc++.
+}
+
+unsigned long GetPid() { return (unsigned long)getpid(); }
+
+size_t GetPeakRSSMb() {
+  struct rusage usage;
+  if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage))
+    return 0;
+  if (LIBFUZZER_LINUX) {
+    // ru_maxrss is in KiB
+    return usage.ru_maxrss >> 10;
+  } else if (LIBFUZZER_APPLE) {
+    // ru_maxrss is in bytes
+    return usage.ru_maxrss >> 20;
+  }
+  assert(0 && "GetPeakRSSMb() is not implemented for your platform");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+FILE *OpenProcessPipe(const char *Command, const char *Mode) {
+  return popen(Command, Mode);
+}
+
+const void *SearchMemory(const void *Data, size_t DataLen, const void *Patt,
+                         size_t PattLen) {
+  return memmem(Data, DataLen, Patt, PattLen);
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_POSIX
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64adb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+//===- FuzzerUtilWindows.cpp - Misc utils for Windows. --------------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// Misc utils implementation for Windows.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+#if LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
+#include "FuzzerIO.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <Psapi.h>
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+static const FuzzingOptions* HandlerOpt = nullptr;
+
+LONG CALLBACK ExceptionHandler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+  switch (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) {
+    case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
+    case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED:
+    case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleSegv)
+        Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+      break;
+    case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT:
+    case EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleBus)
+        Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+      break;
+    case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
+    case EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleIll)
+        Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+      break;
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK:
+    case EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW:
+    case EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
+    case EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleFpe)
+        Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback();
+      break;
+  }
+  return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+}
+
+BOOL WINAPI CtrlHandler(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
+  switch (dwCtrlType) {
+    case CTRL_C_EVENT:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleInt)
+        Fuzzer::StaticInterruptCallback();
+      return TRUE;
+    case CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
+      if (HandlerOpt->HandleTerm)
+        Fuzzer::StaticInterruptCallback();
+      return TRUE;
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+void CALLBACK AlarmHandler(PVOID, BOOLEAN) {
+  Fuzzer::StaticAlarmCallback();
+}
+
+class TimerQ {
+  HANDLE TimerQueue;
+ public:
+  TimerQ() : TimerQueue(NULL) {};
+  ~TimerQ() {
+    if (TimerQueue)
+      DeleteTimerQueueEx(TimerQueue, NULL);
+  };
+  void SetTimer(int Seconds) {
+    if (!TimerQueue) {
+      TimerQueue = CreateTimerQueue();
+      if (!TimerQueue) {
+        Printf("libFuzzer: CreateTimerQueue failed.\n");
+        exit(1);
+      }
+    }
+    HANDLE Timer;
+    if (!CreateTimerQueueTimer(&Timer, TimerQueue, AlarmHandler, NULL,
+        Seconds*1000, Seconds*1000, 0)) {
+      Printf("libFuzzer: CreateTimerQueueTimer failed.\n");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+static TimerQ Timer;
+
+static void CrashHandler(int) { Fuzzer::StaticCrashSignalCallback(); }
+
+void SetSignalHandler(const FuzzingOptions& Options) {
+  HandlerOpt = &Options;
+
+  if (Options.UnitTimeoutSec > 0)
+    Timer.SetTimer(Options.UnitTimeoutSec / 2 + 1);
+
+  if (Options.HandleInt || Options.HandleTerm)
+    if (!SetConsoleCtrlHandler(CtrlHandler, TRUE)) {
+      DWORD LastError = GetLastError();
+      Printf("libFuzzer: SetConsoleCtrlHandler failed (Error code: %lu).\n",
+        LastError);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+  if (Options.HandleSegv || Options.HandleBus || Options.HandleIll ||
+      Options.HandleFpe)
+    if (!AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, ExceptionHandler)) {
+      Printf("libFuzzer: AddVectoredExceptionHandler failed.\n");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+  if (Options.HandleAbrt)
+    if (SIG_ERR == signal(SIGABRT, CrashHandler)) {
+      Printf("libFuzzer: signal failed with %d\n", errno);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+void SleepSeconds(int Seconds) { Sleep(Seconds * 1000); }
+
+unsigned long GetPid() { return GetCurrentProcessId(); }
+
+size_t GetPeakRSSMb() {
+  PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS info;
+  if (!GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), &info, sizeof(info)))
+    return 0;
+  return info.PeakWorkingSetSize >> 20;
+}
+
+FILE *OpenProcessPipe(const char *Command, const char *Mode) {
+  return _popen(Command, Mode);
+}
+
+int ExecuteCommand(const std::string &Command) {
+  return system(Command.c_str());
+}
+
+const void *SearchMemory(const void *Data, size_t DataLen, const void *Patt,
+                         size_t PattLen) {
+  // TODO: make this implementation more efficient.
+  const char *Cdata = (const char *)Data;
+  const char *Cpatt = (const char *)Patt;
+
+  if (!Data || !Patt || DataLen == 0 || PattLen == 0 || DataLen < PattLen)
+    return NULL;
+
+  if (PattLen == 1)
+    return memchr(Data, *Cpatt, DataLen);
+
+  const char *End = Cdata + DataLen - PattLen + 1;
+
+  for (const char *It = Cdata; It < End; ++It)
+    if (It[0] == Cpatt[0] && memcmp(It, Cpatt, PattLen) == 0)
+      return It;
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+} // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif // LIBFUZZER_WINDOWS
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerValueBitMap.h b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerValueBitMap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0692acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/FuzzerValueBitMap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+//===- FuzzerValueBitMap.h - INTERNAL - Bit map -----------------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// ValueBitMap.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_FUZZER_VALUE_BIT_MAP_H
+#define LLVM_FUZZER_VALUE_BIT_MAP_H
+
+#include "FuzzerDefs.h"
+
+namespace fuzzer {
+
+// A bit map containing kMapSizeInWords bits.
+struct ValueBitMap {
+  static const size_t kMapSizeInBits = 65371;        // Prime.
+  static const size_t kMapSizeInBitsAligned = 65536; // 2^16
+  static const size_t kBitsInWord = (sizeof(uintptr_t) * 8);
+  static const size_t kMapSizeInWords = kMapSizeInBitsAligned / kBitsInWord;
+ public:
+  static const size_t kNumberOfItems = kMapSizeInBits;
+  // Clears all bits.
+  void Reset() { memset(Map, 0, sizeof(Map)); }
+
+  // Computes a hash function of Value and sets the corresponding bit.
+  // Returns true if the bit was changed from 0 to 1.
+  inline bool AddValue(uintptr_t Value) {
+    uintptr_t Idx = Value < kMapSizeInBits ? Value : Value % kMapSizeInBits;
+    uintptr_t WordIdx = Idx / kBitsInWord;
+    uintptr_t BitIdx = Idx % kBitsInWord;
+    uintptr_t Old = Map[WordIdx];
+    uintptr_t New = Old | (1UL << BitIdx);
+    Map[WordIdx] = New;
+    return New != Old;
+  }
+
+  inline bool Get(uintptr_t Idx) {
+    assert(Idx < kMapSizeInBits);
+    uintptr_t WordIdx = Idx / kBitsInWord;
+    uintptr_t BitIdx = Idx % kBitsInWord;
+    return Map[WordIdx] & (1UL << BitIdx);
+  }
+
+  size_t GetNumBitsSinceLastMerge() const { return NumBits; }
+
+  // Merges 'Other' into 'this', clears 'Other', updates NumBits,
+  // returns true if new bits were added.
+  ATTRIBUTE_TARGET_POPCNT
+  bool MergeFrom(ValueBitMap &Other) {
+    uintptr_t Res = 0;
+    size_t OldNumBits = NumBits;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kMapSizeInWords; i++) {
+      auto O = Other.Map[i];
+      auto M = Map[i];
+      if (O) {
+        Map[i] = (M |= O);
+        Other.Map[i] = 0;
+      }
+      if (M)
+        Res += __builtin_popcountl(M);
+    }
+    NumBits = Res;
+    return OldNumBits < NumBits;
+  }
+
+  template <class Callback>
+  void ForEach(Callback CB) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kMapSizeInWords; i++)
+      if (uintptr_t M = Map[i])
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(M) * 8; j++)
+          if (M & ((uintptr_t)1 << j))
+            CB(i * sizeof(M) * 8 + j);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  size_t NumBits = 0;
+  uintptr_t Map[kMapSizeInWords] __attribute__((aligned(512)));
+};
+
+}  // namespace fuzzer
+
+#endif  // LLVM_FUZZER_VALUE_BIT_MAP_H
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/README.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f49b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Move to http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/afl/afl_driver.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/afl/afl_driver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc95895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/afl/afl_driver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+//===- afl_driver.cpp - a glue between AFL and libFuzzer --------*- C++ -* ===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+/* This file allows to fuzz libFuzzer-style target functions
+ (LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput) with AFL using AFL's persistent (in-process) mode.
+
+Usage:
+################################################################################
+cat << EOF > test_fuzzer.cc
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+  if (size > 0 && data[0] == 'H')
+    if (size > 1 && data[1] == 'I')
+       if (size > 2 && data[2] == '!')
+       __builtin_trap();
+  return 0;
+}
+EOF
+# Build your target with -fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc using fresh clang.
+clang -g -fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc test_fuzzer.cc -c
+# Build afl-llvm-rt.o.c from the AFL distribution.
+clang -c -w $AFL_HOME/llvm_mode/afl-llvm-rt.o.c
+# Build this file, link it with afl-llvm-rt.o.o and the target code.
+clang++ afl_driver.cpp test_fuzzer.o afl-llvm-rt.o.o
+# Run AFL:
+rm -rf IN OUT; mkdir IN OUT; echo z > IN/z;
+$AFL_HOME/afl-fuzz -i IN -o OUT ./a.out
+################################################################################
+Environment Variables:
+There are a few environment variables that can be set to use features that
+afl-fuzz doesn't have.
+
+AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME: Setting this *appends* stderr to the file
+specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. This is useful for getting
+stack traces (when using ASAN for example) or original error messages on hard to
+reproduce bugs.
+
+AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME: Setting this causes afl_driver to write extra
+statistics to the file specified. Currently these are peak_rss_mb
+(the peak amount of virtual memory used in MB) and slowest_unit_time_secs. If
+the file does not exist it is created. If the file does exist then
+afl_driver assumes it was restarted by afl-fuzz and will try to read old
+statistics from the file. If that fails then the process will quit.
+
+*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+// Platform detection. Copied from FuzzerInternal.h
+#ifdef __linux__
+#define LIBFUZZER_LINUX 1
+#define LIBFUZZER_APPLE 0
+#elif __APPLE__
+#define LIBFUZZER_LINUX 0
+#define LIBFUZZER_APPLE 1
+#else
+#error "Support for your platform has not been implemented"
+#endif
+
+// Used to avoid repeating error checking boilerplate. If cond is false, a
+// fatal error has occured in the program. In this event print error_message
+// to stderr and abort(). Otherwise do nothing. Note that setting
+// AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME may cause error_message to be appended
+// to the file as well, if the error occurs after the duplication is performed.
+#define CHECK_ERROR(cond, error_message)                                       \
+  if (!(cond)) {                                                               \
+    fprintf(stderr, (error_message));                                          \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  }
+
+// libFuzzer interface is thin, so we don't include any libFuzzer headers.
+extern "C" {
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size);
+__attribute__((weak)) int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv);
+}
+
+// Notify AFL about persistent mode.
+static volatile char AFL_PERSISTENT[] = "##SIG_AFL_PERSISTENT##";
+extern "C" int __afl_persistent_loop(unsigned int);
+static volatile char suppress_warning2 = AFL_PERSISTENT[0];
+
+// Notify AFL about deferred forkserver.
+static volatile char AFL_DEFER_FORKSVR[] = "##SIG_AFL_DEFER_FORKSRV##";
+extern "C" void  __afl_manual_init();
+static volatile char suppress_warning1 = AFL_DEFER_FORKSVR[0];
+
+// Input buffer.
+static const size_t kMaxAflInputSize = 1 << 20;
+static uint8_t AflInputBuf[kMaxAflInputSize];
+
+// Variables we need for writing to the extra stats file.
+static FILE *extra_stats_file = NULL;
+static uint32_t previous_peak_rss = 0;
+static time_t slowest_unit_time_secs = 0;
+static const int kNumExtraStats = 2;
+static const char *kExtraStatsFormatString = "peak_rss_mb            : %u\n"
+                                             "slowest_unit_time_sec  : %u\n";
+
+// Copied from FuzzerUtil.cpp.
+size_t GetPeakRSSMb() {
+  struct rusage usage;
+  if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage))
+    return 0;
+  if (LIBFUZZER_LINUX) {
+    // ru_maxrss is in KiB
+    return usage.ru_maxrss >> 10;
+  } else if (LIBFUZZER_APPLE) {
+    // ru_maxrss is in bytes
+    return usage.ru_maxrss >> 20;
+  }
+  assert(0 && "GetPeakRSSMb() is not implemented for your platform");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Based on SetSigaction in FuzzerUtil.cpp
+static void SetSigaction(int signum,
+                         void (*callback)(int, siginfo_t *, void *)) {
+  struct sigaction sigact;
+  memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
+  sigact.sa_sigaction = callback;
+  if (sigaction(signum, &sigact, 0)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "libFuzzer: sigaction failed with %d\n", errno);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+// Write extra stats to the file specified by the user. If none is specified
+// this function will never be called.
+static void write_extra_stats() {
+  uint32_t peak_rss = GetPeakRSSMb();
+
+  if (peak_rss < previous_peak_rss)
+    peak_rss = previous_peak_rss;
+
+  int chars_printed = fprintf(extra_stats_file, kExtraStatsFormatString,
+                              peak_rss, slowest_unit_time_secs);
+
+  CHECK_ERROR(chars_printed != 0, "Failed to write extra_stats_file");
+
+  CHECK_ERROR(fclose(extra_stats_file) == 0,
+              "Failed to close extra_stats_file");
+}
+
+// Call write_extra_stats before we exit.
+static void crash_handler(int, siginfo_t *, void *) {
+  // Make sure we don't try calling write_extra_stats again if we crashed while
+  // trying to call it.
+  static bool first_crash = true;
+  CHECK_ERROR(first_crash,
+              "Crashed in crash signal handler. This is a bug in the fuzzer.");
+
+  first_crash = false;
+  write_extra_stats();
+}
+
+// If the user has specified an extra_stats_file through the environment
+// variable AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME, then perform necessary set up
+// to write stats to it on exit. If no file is specified, do nothing. Otherwise
+// install signal and exit handlers to write to the file when the process exits.
+// Then if the file doesn't exist create it and set extra stats to 0. But if it
+// does exist then read the initial values of the extra stats from the file
+// and check that the file is writable.
+static void maybe_initialize_extra_stats() {
+  // If AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME isn't set then we have nothing to do.
+  char *extra_stats_filename = getenv("AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME");
+  if (!extra_stats_filename)
+    return;
+
+  // Open the file and find the previous peak_rss_mb value.
+  // This is necessary because the fuzzing process is restarted after N
+  // iterations are completed. So we may need to get this value from a previous
+  // process to be accurate.
+  extra_stats_file = fopen(extra_stats_filename, "r");
+
+  // If extra_stats_file already exists: read old stats from it.
+  if (extra_stats_file) {
+    int matches = fscanf(extra_stats_file, kExtraStatsFormatString,
+                         &previous_peak_rss, &slowest_unit_time_secs);
+
+    // Make sure we have read a real extra stats file and that we have used it
+    // to set slowest_unit_time_secs and previous_peak_rss.
+    CHECK_ERROR(matches == kNumExtraStats, "Extra stats file is corrupt");
+
+    CHECK_ERROR(fclose(extra_stats_file) == 0, "Failed to close file");
+
+    // Now open the file for writing.
+    extra_stats_file = fopen(extra_stats_filename, "w");
+    CHECK_ERROR(extra_stats_file,
+                "Failed to open extra stats file for writing");
+  } else {
+    // Looks like this is the first time in a fuzzing job this is being called.
+    extra_stats_file = fopen(extra_stats_filename, "w+");
+    CHECK_ERROR(extra_stats_file, "failed to create extra stats file");
+  }
+
+  // Make sure that crash_handler gets called on any kind of fatal error.
+  int crash_signals[] = {SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGABRT, SIGILL, SIGFPE,  SIGINT,
+                         SIGTERM};
+
+  const size_t num_signals = sizeof(crash_signals) / sizeof(crash_signals[0]);
+
+  for (size_t idx = 0; idx < num_signals; idx++)
+    SetSigaction(crash_signals[idx], crash_handler);
+
+  // Make sure it gets called on other kinds of exits.
+  atexit(write_extra_stats);
+}
+
+// If the user asks us to duplicate stderr, then do it.
+static void maybe_duplicate_stderr() {
+  char* stderr_duplicate_filename =
+      getenv("AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME");
+
+  if (!stderr_duplicate_filename)
+    return;
+
+  FILE* stderr_duplicate_stream =
+      freopen(stderr_duplicate_filename, "a+", stderr);
+
+  if (!stderr_duplicate_stream) {
+    fprintf(
+        stderr,
+        "Failed to duplicate stderr to AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME");
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "======================= INFO =========================\n"
+                  "This binary is built for AFL-fuzz.\n"
+                  "To run the target function on a single input execute this:\n"
+                  "  %s < INPUT_FILE\n"
+                  "To run the fuzzing execute this:\n"
+                  "  afl-fuzz [afl-flags] %s [N] "
+                  "-- run N fuzzing iterations before "
+                  "re-spawning the process (default: 1000)\n"
+                  "======================================================\n",
+          argv[0], argv[0]);
+  if (LLVMFuzzerInitialize)
+    LLVMFuzzerInitialize(&argc, &argv);
+  // Do any other expensive one-time initialization here.
+
+  maybe_duplicate_stderr();
+  maybe_initialize_extra_stats();
+
+  __afl_manual_init();
+
+  int N = 1000;
+  if (argc >= 2)
+    N = atoi(argv[1]);
+  assert(N > 0);
+  time_t unit_time_secs;
+  int num_runs = 0;
+  while (__afl_persistent_loop(N)) {
+    ssize_t n_read = read(0, AflInputBuf, kMaxAflInputSize);
+    if (n_read > 0) {
+      // Copy AflInputBuf into a separate buffer to let asan find buffer
+      // overflows. Don't use unique_ptr/etc to avoid extra dependencies.
+      uint8_t *copy = new uint8_t[n_read];
+      memcpy(copy, AflInputBuf, n_read);
+
+      struct timeval unit_start_time;
+      CHECK_ERROR(gettimeofday(&unit_start_time, NULL) == 0,
+                  "Calling gettimeofday failed");
+
+      num_runs++;
+      LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(copy, n_read);
+
+      struct timeval unit_stop_time;
+      CHECK_ERROR(gettimeofday(&unit_stop_time, NULL) == 0,
+                  "Calling gettimeofday failed");
+
+      // Update slowest_unit_time_secs if we see a new max.
+      unit_time_secs = unit_stop_time.tv_sec - unit_start_time.tv_sec;
+      if (slowest_unit_time_secs < unit_time_secs)
+        slowest_unit_time_secs = unit_time_secs;
+
+      delete[] copy;
+    }
+  }
+  fprintf(stderr, "%s: successfully executed %d input(s)\n", argv[0], num_runs);
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/build.sh b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..27c148a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+LIBFUZZER_SRC_DIR=$(dirname $0)
+for f in $LIBFUZZER_SRC_DIR/*.cpp; do
+  clang -g -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -std=c++11 $f -c &
+done
+wait
+rm -f libFuzzer.a
+ar ru libFuzzer.a Fuzzer*.o
+rm -f Fuzzer*.o
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/cxx.dict b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/cxx.dict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41350f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/cxx.dict
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"++"
+"--"
+"<<"
+">>"
+"+="
+"-="
+"*="
+"/="
+">>="
+"<<="
+"&="
+"|="
+"^="
+"%="
+"!="
+"&&"
+"||"
+"=="
+">="
+"<="
+"->"
+"alignas"
+"alignof"
+"and"
+"and_eq"
+"asm"
+"auto"
+"bitand"
+"bitor"
+"bool"
+"break"
+"case"
+"catch"
+"char"
+"char16_t"
+"char32_t"
+"class"
+"compl"
+"concept"
+"const"
+"constexpr"
+"const_cast"
+"continue"
+"decltype"
+"default"
+"delete"
+"do"
+"double"
+"dynamic_cast"
+"else"
+"enum"
+"explicit"
+"export"
+"extern"
+"false"
+"float"
+"for"
+"friend"
+"goto"
+"if"
+"inline"
+"int"
+"long"
+"mutable"
+"namespace"
+"new"
+"noexcept"
+"not"
+"not_eq"
+"nullptr"
+"operator"
+"or"
+"or_eq"
+"private"
+"protected"
+"public"
+"register"
+"reinterpret_cast"
+"requires"
+"return"
+"short"
+"signed"
+"sizeof"
+"static"
+"static_assert"
+"static_cast"
+"struct"
+"switch"
+"template"
+"this"
+"thread_local"
+"throw"
+"true"
+"try"
+"typedef"
+"typeid"
+"typename"
+"union"
+"unsigned"
+"using"
+"virtual"
+"void"
+"volatile"
+"wchar_t"
+"while"
+"xor"
+"xor_eq"
+"if"
+"elif"
+"else"
+"endif"
+"defined"
+"ifdef"
+"ifndef"
+"define"
+"undef"
+"include"
+"line"
+"error"
+"pragma"
+"override"
+"final"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/standalone/StandaloneFuzzTargetMain.c b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/standalone/StandaloneFuzzTargetMain.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d76ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/standalone/StandaloneFuzzTargetMain.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*===- StandaloneFuzzTargetMain.c - standalone main() for fuzz targets. ---===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// This main() function can be linked to a fuzz target (i.e. a library
+// that exports LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput() and possibly LLVMFuzzerInitialize())
+// instead of libFuzzer. This main() function will not perform any fuzzing
+// but will simply feed all input files one by one to the fuzz target.
+//
+// Use this file to provide reproducers for bugs when linking against libFuzzer
+// or other fuzzing engine is undesirable.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+extern int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const unsigned char *data, size_t size);
+__attribute__((weak)) extern int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv);
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "StandaloneFuzzTargetMain: running %d inputs\n", argc - 1);
+  if (LLVMFuzzerInitialize)
+    LLVMFuzzerInitialize(&argc, &argv);
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Running: %s\n", argv[i]);
+    FILE *f = fopen(argv[i], "r");
+    assert(f);
+    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+    size_t len = ftell(f);
+    fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char*)malloc(len);
+    size_t n_read = fread(buf, 1, len, f);
+    assert(n_read == len);
+    LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(buf, len);
+    free(buf);
+    fprintf(stderr, "Done:    %s: (%zd bytes)\n", argv[i], n_read);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AFLDriverTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AFLDriverTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dd0b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AFLDriverTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Contains dummy functions used to avoid dependency on AFL.
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+extern "C" void __afl_manual_init() {}
+
+extern "C" int __afl_persistent_loop(unsigned int) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// This declaration exists to prevent the Darwin linker
+// from complaining about this being a missing weak symbol.
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstant64Test.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstant64Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5774814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstant64Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// abs(x) < 0 and y == Const puzzle, 64-bit variant.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 16) return 0;
+  int64_t x;
+  uint64_t y;
+  memcpy(&x, Data, sizeof(x));
+  memcpy(&y, Data + sizeof(x), sizeof(y));
+  if (labs(x) < 0 && y == 0xbaddcafedeadbeefUL) {
+    printf("BINGO; Found the target, exiting; x = 0x%lx y 0x%lx\n", x, y);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstantTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstantTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69075a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AbsNegAndConstantTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// abs(x) < 0 and y == Const puzzle.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 8) return 0;
+  int x;
+  unsigned y;
+  memcpy(&x, Data, sizeof(x));
+  memcpy(&y, Data + sizeof(x), sizeof(y));
+  if (abs(x) < 0 && y == 0xbaddcafe) {
+    printf("BINGO; Found the target, exiting; x = 0x%x y 0x%x\n", x, y);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AccumulateAllocationsTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AccumulateAllocationsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..604d8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/AccumulateAllocationsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test with a more mallocs than frees, but no leak.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+const int kAllocatedPointersSize = 10000;
+int NumAllocatedPointers = 0;
+int *AllocatedPointers[kAllocatedPointersSize];
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (NumAllocatedPointers < kAllocatedPointersSize)
+    AllocatedPointers[NumAllocatedPointers++] = new int;
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/BufferOverflowOnInput.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/BufferOverflowOnInput.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d1405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/BufferOverflowOnInput.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "Hi!".
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile bool SeedLargeBuffer;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  if (Size >= 4)
+    SeedLargeBuffer = true;
+  if (Size == 3 && SeedLargeBuffer && Data[3]) {
+    std::cout << "Woops, reading Data[3] w/o crashing\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c045774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# Build all these tests with -O0, otherwise optimizations may merge some
+# basic blocks and we'll fail to discover the targets.
+# We change the flags for every build type because we might be doing
+# a multi-configuration build (e.g. Xcode) where CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE doesn't
+# mean anything.
+set(variables_to_filter
+  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
+  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO
+  CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL
+  LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE
+  )
+foreach (VARNAME ${variables_to_filter})
+  string(REPLACE " " ";" BUILD_FLAGS_AS_LIST "${${VARNAME}}")
+  set(new_flags "")
+  foreach (flag ${BUILD_FLAGS_AS_LIST})
+    # NOTE: Use of XX here is to avoid a CMake warning due to CMP0054
+    if (NOT ("XX${flag}" MATCHES "XX-O[0123s]"))
+      set(new_flags "${new_flags} ${flag}")
+    else()
+      set(new_flags "${new_flags} -O0")
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+  set(${VARNAME} "${new_flags}")
+endforeach()
+
+# Enable the coverage instrumentation (it is disabled for the Fuzzer lib).
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE} -fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc-guard,indirect-calls,trace-cmp,trace-div,trace-gep -g")
+
+# add_libfuzzer_test(<name>
+#   SOURCES source0.cpp [source1.cpp ...]
+#   )
+#
+#   Declares a LibFuzzer test executable with target name LLVMFuzzer-<name>.
+#
+#   One or more source files to be compiled into the binary must be declared
+#   after the SOURCES keyword.
+function(add_libfuzzer_test name)
+  set(multi_arg_options "SOURCES")
+  cmake_parse_arguments(
+    "add_libfuzzer_test" "" "" "${multi_arg_options}" ${ARGN})
+  if ("${add_libfuzzer_test_SOURCES}" STREQUAL "")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Source files must be specified")
+  endif()
+  add_executable(LLVMFuzzer-${name}
+    ${add_libfuzzer_test_SOURCES}
+    )
+  target_link_libraries(LLVMFuzzer-${name} LLVMFuzzer)
+  # Place binary where llvm-lit expects to find it
+  set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-${name}
+    PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+    "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/Fuzzer/test"
+    )
+  set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} LLVMFuzzer-${name} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Variable to keep track of all test targets
+set(TestBinaries)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Basic tests
+###############################################################################
+
+set(Tests
+  AbsNegAndConstantTest
+  AbsNegAndConstant64Test
+  AccumulateAllocationsTest
+  BufferOverflowOnInput
+  CallerCalleeTest
+  CounterTest
+  CustomCrossOverTest
+  CustomMutatorTest
+  DivTest
+  EmptyTest
+  FourIndependentBranchesTest
+  FullCoverageSetTest
+  InitializeTest
+  MemcmpTest
+  LeakTest
+  LeakTimeoutTest
+  LoadTest
+  NullDerefTest
+  NullDerefOnEmptyTest
+  NthRunCrashTest
+  OneHugeAllocTest
+  OutOfMemoryTest
+  OutOfMemorySingleLargeMallocTest
+  RepeatedMemcmp
+  RepeatedBytesTest
+  SimpleCmpTest
+  SimpleDictionaryTest
+  SimpleHashTest
+  SimpleTest
+  SimpleThreadedTest
+  SingleMemcmpTest
+  SingleStrcmpTest
+  SingleStrncmpTest
+  SpamyTest
+  ShrinkControlFlowTest
+  ShrinkValueProfileTest
+  StrcmpTest
+  StrncmpOOBTest
+  StrncmpTest
+  StrstrTest
+  SwapCmpTest
+  SwitchTest
+  Switch2Test
+  ThreadedLeakTest
+  ThreadedTest
+  TimeoutTest
+  TimeoutEmptyTest
+  TraceMallocTest
+  )
+
+if(APPLE)
+  # LeakSanitizer is not supported on OSX right now
+  set(HAS_LSAN 0)
+  message(WARNING "LeakSanitizer is not supported on Apple platforms."
+    " Building and running LibFuzzer LeakSanitizer tests is disabled."
+    )
+else()
+  set(HAS_LSAN 1)
+endif()
+
+foreach(Test ${Tests})
+  add_libfuzzer_test(${Test} SOURCES ${Test}.cpp)
+endforeach()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Unit tests
+###############################################################################
+
+add_executable(LLVMFuzzer-Unittest
+  FuzzerUnittest.cpp
+  )
+
+add_executable(LLVMFuzzer-StandaloneInitializeTest
+  InitializeTest.cpp
+  ../standalone/StandaloneFuzzTargetMain.c
+  )
+
+target_link_libraries(LLVMFuzzer-Unittest
+  gtest
+  gtest_main
+  LLVMFuzzerNoMain
+  )
+
+target_include_directories(LLVMFuzzer-Unittest PRIVATE
+  "${LLVM_MAIN_SRC_DIR}/utils/unittest/googletest/include"
+  )
+
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} LLVMFuzzer-Unittest)
+set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-Unittest
+  PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
+)
+
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} LLVMFuzzer-StandaloneInitializeTest)
+set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-StandaloneInitializeTest
+  PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
+)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Additional tests
+###############################################################################
+
+include_directories(..)
+
+# add_subdirectory(uninstrumented)
+add_subdirectory(no-coverage)
+add_subdirectory(ubsan)
+
+add_library(LLVMFuzzer-DSO1 SHARED DSO1.cpp)
+add_library(LLVMFuzzer-DSO2 SHARED DSO2.cpp)
+
+add_executable(LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest
+  DSOTestMain.cpp
+  DSOTestExtra.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest
+  LLVMFuzzer-DSO1
+  LLVMFuzzer-DSO2
+  LLVMFuzzer
+  )
+
+set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/Fuzzer/test")
+set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-DSO1 PROPERTIES LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/Fuzzer/lib")
+set_target_properties(LLVMFuzzer-DSO2 PROPERTIES LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+  "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/Fuzzer/lib")
+
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest)
+
+###############################################################################
+# Configure lit to run the tests
+#
+# Note this is done after declaring all tests so we can inform lit if any tests
+# need to be disabled.
+###############################################################################
+
+configure_lit_site_cfg(
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lit.site.cfg.in
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lit.site.cfg
+  )
+
+configure_lit_site_cfg(
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unit/lit.site.cfg.in
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/unit/lit.site.cfg
+  )
+
+add_lit_testsuite(check-fuzzer "Running Fuzzer tests"
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+    DEPENDS ${TestBinaries} FileCheck not
+    )
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CallerCalleeTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CallerCalleeTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ec025d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CallerCalleeTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer.
+// Try to find the target using the indirect caller-callee pairs.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+typedef void (*F)();
+static F t[256];
+
+void f34() {
+  std::cerr << "BINGO\n";
+  exit(1);
+}
+void f23() { t[(unsigned)'d'] = f34;}
+void f12() { t[(unsigned)'c'] = f23;}
+void f01() { t[(unsigned)'b'] = f12;}
+void f00() {}
+
+static F t0[256] = {
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+  f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00, f00,
+};
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 4) return 0;
+  // Spoof the counters.
+  for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+    f23();
+    f12();
+    f01();
+  }
+  memcpy(t, t0, sizeof(t));
+  t[(unsigned)'a'] = f01;
+  t[Data[0]]();
+  t[Data[1]]();
+  t[Data[2]]();
+  t[Data[3]]();
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CounterTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CounterTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4917934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CounterTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test for a fuzzer: must find the case where a particular basic block is
+// executed many times.
+#include <iostream>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int Num = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+    if (Data[i] == 'A' + i)
+      Num++;
+  if (Num >= 4) {
+    std::cerr <<  "BINGO!\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomCrossOverTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomCrossOverTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b624088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomCrossOverTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a cutom mutator.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <random>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "FuzzerInterface.h"
+
+static const char *Separator = "-_^_-";
+static const char *Target = "012-_^_-abc";
+
+static volatile int sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  std::string Str(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(Data), Size);
+
+  // Ensure that two different elements exist in the corpus.
+  if (Size && Data[0] == '0') sink++;
+  if (Size && Data[0] == 'a') sink--;
+
+  if (Str.find(Target) != std::string::npos) {
+    std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" size_t LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossOver(const uint8_t *Data1, size_t Size1,
+                                            const uint8_t *Data2, size_t Size2,
+                                            uint8_t *Out, size_t MaxOutSize,
+                                            unsigned int Seed) {
+  static bool Printed;
+  static size_t SeparatorLen = strlen(Separator);
+
+  if (!Printed) {
+    std::cerr << "In LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossover\n";
+    Printed = true;
+  }
+
+  std::mt19937 R(Seed);
+
+  size_t Offset1 = 0;
+  size_t Len1 = R() % (Size1 - Offset1);
+  size_t Offset2 = 0;
+  size_t Len2 = R() % (Size2 - Offset2);
+  size_t Size = Len1 + Len2 + SeparatorLen;
+
+  if (Size > MaxOutSize)
+    return 0;
+
+  memcpy(Out, Data1 + Offset1, Len1);
+  memcpy(Out + Len1, Separator, SeparatorLen);
+  memcpy(Out + Len1 + SeparatorLen, Data2 + Offset2, Len2);
+
+  return Len1 + Len2 + SeparatorLen;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomMutatorTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomMutatorTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f84519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/CustomMutatorTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a cutom mutator.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "FuzzerInterface.h"
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+        exit(1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" size_t LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                          size_t MaxSize, unsigned int Seed) {
+  static bool Printed;
+  if (!Printed) {
+    std::cerr << "In LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator\n";
+    Printed = true;
+  }
+  return LLVMFuzzerMutate(Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO1.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a29389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Source code for a simple DSO.
+
+int DSO1(int a) {
+  if (a < 123456)
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void Uncovered1() { }
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO2.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04b308d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSO2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Source code for a simple DSO.
+
+int DSO2(int a) {
+  if (a < 3598235)
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void Uncovered2() {}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestExtra.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestExtra.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2274d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestExtra.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Source code for a simple DSO.
+
+int DSOTestExtra(int a) {
+  if (a < 452345)
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestMain.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestMain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e225d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DSOTestMain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Source code for a simple DSO.
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+extern int DSO1(int a);
+extern int DSO2(int a);
+extern int DSOTestExtra(int a);
+
+static volatile int *nil = 0;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int x, y, z;
+  if (Size < sizeof(int) * 3) {
+    x = y = z = 0;
+  } else {
+    memcpy(&x, Data + 0 * sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(&y, Data + 1 * sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+    memcpy(&z, Data + 2 * sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+  }
+  int sum = DSO1(x) + DSO2(y) + (z ? DSOTestExtra(z) : 0);
+  if (sum == 3) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO %d %d %d\n", x, y, z);
+    *nil = 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DivTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DivTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f6960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/DivTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer: find the interesting argument for div.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 4) return 0;
+  int a;
+  memcpy(&a, Data, 4);
+  Sink = 12345678 / (987654 - a);
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/EmptyTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/EmptyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e84330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/EmptyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+// A fuzzer with empty target function.
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FourIndependentBranchesTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FourIndependentBranchesTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b3be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FourIndependentBranchesTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "FUZZ".
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int bits = 0;
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'F') bits |= 1;
+  if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'U') bits |= 2;
+  if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == 'Z') bits |= 4;
+  if (Size > 3 && Data[3] == 'Z') bits |= 8;
+  if (bits == 15) {
+    std::cerr <<  "BINGO!\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FullCoverageSetTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FullCoverageSetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..415e0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FullCoverageSetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "FUZZER".
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int bits = 0;
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'F') bits |= 1;
+  if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'U') bits |= 2;
+  if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == 'Z') bits |= 4;
+  if (Size > 3 && Data[3] == 'Z') bits |= 8;
+  if (Size > 4 && Data[4] == 'E') bits |= 16;
+  if (Size > 5 && Data[5] == 'R') bits |= 32;
+  if (bits == 63) {
+    std::cerr <<  "BINGO!\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FuzzerUnittest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FuzzerUnittest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4992ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/FuzzerUnittest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Avoid ODR violations (LibFuzzer is built without ASan and this test is built
+// with ASan) involving C++ standard library types when using libcxx.
+#define _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_ASAN
+
+#include "FuzzerCorpus.h"
+#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
+#include "FuzzerDictionary.h"
+#include "FuzzerMerge.h"
+#include "FuzzerMutate.h"
+#include "FuzzerRandom.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+
+using namespace fuzzer;
+
+// For now, have LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput just to make it link.
+// Later we may want to make unittests that actually call LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput.
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  abort();
+}
+
+TEST(Fuzzer, CrossOver) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  Unit A({0, 1, 2}), B({5, 6, 7});
+  Unit C;
+  Unit Expected[] = {
+       { 0 },
+       { 0, 1 },
+       { 0, 5 },
+       { 0, 1, 2 },
+       { 0, 1, 5 },
+       { 0, 5, 1 },
+       { 0, 5, 6 },
+       { 0, 1, 2, 5 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 2 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 6 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 6 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 1 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 2, 6 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 6, 2 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 2, 6 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 6, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 1, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 1, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 7, 1 },
+       { 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 2, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 6, 2, 7 },
+       { 0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 2, 6, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 6, 2, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 1, 6, 7, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 1, 2, 7 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 1, 7, 2 },
+       { 0, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2 }
+  };
+  for (size_t Len = 1; Len < 8; Len++) {
+    std::set<Unit> FoundUnits, ExpectedUnitsWitThisLength;
+    for (int Iter = 0; Iter < 3000; Iter++) {
+      C.resize(Len);
+      size_t NewSize = MD.CrossOver(A.data(), A.size(), B.data(), B.size(),
+                                    C.data(), C.size());
+      C.resize(NewSize);
+      FoundUnits.insert(C);
+    }
+    for (const Unit &U : Expected)
+      if (U.size() <= Len)
+        ExpectedUnitsWitThisLength.insert(U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ExpectedUnitsWitThisLength, FoundUnits);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Fuzzer, Hash) {
+  uint8_t A[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
+  fuzzer::Unit U(A, A + sizeof(A));
+  EXPECT_EQ("a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d", fuzzer::Hash(U));
+  U.push_back('d');
+  EXPECT_EQ("81fe8bfe87576c3ecb22426f8e57847382917acf", fuzzer::Hash(U));
+}
+
+typedef size_t (MutationDispatcher::*Mutator)(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                              size_t MaxSize);
+
+void TestEraseBytes(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  uint8_t REM0[8] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM1[8] = {0x00, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM2[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM3[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM4[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+
+  uint8_t REM8[6] = {0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM9[6] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55};
+  uint8_t REM10[6] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+
+  uint8_t REM11[5] = {0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t REM12[5] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
+  uint8_t REM13[5] = {0x00, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+
+
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, sizeof(T), sizeof(T));
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM0, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM1, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM2, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM3, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM4, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM5, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM6, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(REM7, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(REM8, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 8;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(REM9, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 9;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(REM10, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 10;
+
+    if (NewSize == 5 && !memcmp(REM11, T, 5)) FoundMask |= 1 << 11;
+    if (NewSize == 5 && !memcmp(REM12, T, 5)) FoundMask |= 1 << 12;
+    if (NewSize == 5 && !memcmp(REM13, T, 5)) FoundMask |= 1 << 13;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, (1 << 14) - 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, EraseBytes1) {
+  TestEraseBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_EraseBytes, 200);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, EraseBytes2) {
+  TestEraseBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 2000);
+}
+
+void TestInsertByte(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t INS0[8] = {0xF1, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS1[8] = {0x00, 0xF2, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS2[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0xF3, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS3[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0xF4, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS4[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0xF5, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0xF6, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0xF7, 0x66};
+  uint8_t INS7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0xF8};
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 7, 8);
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS0, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS1, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS2, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS3, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS4, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 255);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, InsertByte1) {
+  TestInsertByte(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertByte, 1 << 15);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, InsertByte2) {
+  TestInsertByte(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 17);
+}
+
+void TestInsertRepeatedBytes(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t INS0[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 'a', 'a', 'a'};
+  uint8_t INS1[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 'a', 'a', 'a', 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS2[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 'a', 'a', 'a', 0x22, 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS3[7] = {0x00, 'a', 'a', 'a', 0x11, 0x22, 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS4[7] = {'a', 'a', 'a', 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33};
+
+  uint8_t INS5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b'};
+  uint8_t INS6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 0x22, 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS8[8] = {0x00, 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 0x11, 0x22, 0x33};
+  uint8_t INS9[8] = {'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33};
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 4, 8);
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(INS0, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(INS1, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(INS2, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(INS3, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(INS4, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS8, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 8;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(INS9, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 9;
+
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, (1 << 10) - 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, InsertRepeatedBytes1) {
+  TestInsertRepeatedBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_InsertRepeatedBytes, 10000);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, InsertRepeatedBytes2) {
+  TestInsertRepeatedBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 300000);
+}
+
+void TestChangeByte(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t CH0[8] = {0xF0, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH1[8] = {0x00, 0xF1, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH2[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0xF2, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH3[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0xF3, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH4[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0xF4, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0xF5, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0xF5, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0xF7};
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[9] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 8, 9);
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 255);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeByte1) {
+  TestChangeByte(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeByte, 1 << 15);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeByte2) {
+  TestChangeByte(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 17);
+}
+
+void TestChangeBit(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t CH0[8] = {0x01, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH1[8] = {0x00, 0x13, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH2[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x02, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH3[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x37, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH4[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x54, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x54, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x76, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0xF7};
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[9] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 8, 9);
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 255);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeBit1) {
+  TestChangeBit(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBit, 1 << 16);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeBit2) {
+  TestChangeBit(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 18);
+}
+
+void TestShuffleBytes(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t CH0[7] = {0x00, 0x22, 0x11, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH1[7] = {0x11, 0x00, 0x33, 0x22, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH2[7] = {0x00, 0x33, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH3[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x33};
+  uint8_t CH4[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x55, 0x44, 0x66};
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 7, 7);
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ShuffleBytes1) {
+  TestShuffleBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ShuffleBytes, 1 << 16);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ShuffleBytes2) {
+  TestShuffleBytes(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 20);
+}
+
+void TestCopyPart(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t CH0[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x00, 0x11};
+  uint8_t CH1[7] = {0x55, 0x66, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH2[7] = {0x00, 0x55, 0x66, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH3[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x66};
+  uint8_t CH4[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x55, 0x66};
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 7, 7);
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t CH5[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH6[8] = {0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
+  uint8_t CH7[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
+  uint8_t CH8[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44};
+  uint8_t CH9[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x33, 0x44};
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 5, 8);
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH8, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 8;
+    if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH9, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 9;
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 1023);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, CopyPart1) {
+  TestCopyPart(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_CopyPart, 1 << 10);
+}
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, CopyPart2) {
+  TestCopyPart(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 13);
+}
+
+void TestAddWordFromDictionary(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  uint8_t Word1[4] = {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD};
+  uint8_t Word2[3] = {0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF};
+  MD.AddWordToManualDictionary(Word(Word1, sizeof(Word1)));
+  MD.AddWordToManualDictionary(Word(Word2, sizeof(Word2)));
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  uint8_t CH0[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD};
+  uint8_t CH1[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH2[7] = {0x00, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0x11, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH3[7] = {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH4[6] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF};
+  uint8_t CH5[6] = {0x00, 0x11, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH6[6] = {0x00, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF, 0x11, 0x22};
+  uint8_t CH7[6] = {0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22};
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[7] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 3, 7);
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    if (NewSize == 7 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 7)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(CH5, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(CH6, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    if (NewSize == 6 && !memcmp(CH7, T, 6)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 255);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, AddWordFromDictionary1) {
+  TestAddWordFromDictionary(
+      &MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromManualDictionary, 1 << 15);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, AddWordFromDictionary2) {
+  TestAddWordFromDictionary(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 15);
+}
+
+void TestAddWordFromDictionaryWithHint(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+  uint8_t W[] = {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0xEF};
+  size_t PosHint = 7777;
+  MD.AddWordToAutoDictionary({Word(W, sizeof(W)), PosHint});
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[10000];
+    memset(T, 0, sizeof(T));
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 9000, 10000);
+    if (NewSize >= PosHint + sizeof(W) &&
+        !memcmp(W, T + PosHint, sizeof(W)))
+      FoundMask = 1;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, AddWordFromDictionaryWithHint1) {
+  TestAddWordFromDictionaryWithHint(
+      &MutationDispatcher::Mutate_AddWordFromTemporaryAutoDictionary, 1 << 5);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, AddWordFromDictionaryWithHint2) {
+  TestAddWordFromDictionaryWithHint(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 10);
+}
+
+void TestChangeASCIIInteger(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+
+  uint8_t CH0[8] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '7'};
+  uint8_t CH1[8] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '9'};
+  uint8_t CH2[8] = {'2', '4', '6', '9', '1', '3', '5', '6'};
+  uint8_t CH3[8] = {'0', '6', '1', '7', '2', '8', '3', '9'};
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8'};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 8, 8);
+    /**/ if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    else if (NewSize == 8)                       FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeASCIIInteger1) {
+  TestChangeASCIIInteger(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeASCIIInteger,
+                         1 << 15);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeASCIIInteger2) {
+  TestChangeASCIIInteger(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 15);
+}
+
+void TestChangeBinaryInteger(Mutator M, int NumIter) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ExternalFunctions> t(new ExternalFunctions());
+  fuzzer::EF = t.get();
+  Random Rand(0);
+  MutationDispatcher MD(Rand, {});
+
+  uint8_t CH0[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x79};
+  uint8_t CH1[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x31, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH2[8] = {0xff, 0x10, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH3[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x2a, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH4[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x4f, 0x66, 0x77};
+  uint8_t CH5[8] = {0xff, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0xaa, 0x99, 0x88};
+  uint8_t CH6[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x77}; // Size
+  uint8_t CH7[8] = {0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77}; // Sw(Size)
+
+  int FoundMask = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < NumIter; i++) {
+    uint8_t T[8] = {0x00, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77};
+    size_t NewSize = (MD.*M)(T, 8, 8);
+    /**/ if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH0, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 0;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH1, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 1;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH2, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 2;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH3, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 3;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH4, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 4;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH5, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 5;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH6, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 6;
+    else if (NewSize == 8 && !memcmp(CH7, T, 8)) FoundMask |= 1 << 7;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(FoundMask, 255);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeBinaryInteger1) {
+  TestChangeBinaryInteger(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate_ChangeBinaryInteger,
+                         1 << 12);
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerMutate, ChangeBinaryInteger2) {
+  TestChangeBinaryInteger(&MutationDispatcher::Mutate, 1 << 15);
+}
+
+
+TEST(FuzzerDictionary, ParseOneDictionaryEntry) {
+  Unit U;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry(" ", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\t  ", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("  \" ", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("  zz\" ", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("  \"zz ", &U));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("  \"\" ", &U));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"a\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'a'}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"abc\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'a', 'b', 'c'}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("abc=\"abc\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'a', 'b', 'c'}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"\\\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"\\\\\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'\\'}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"\\xAB\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({0xAB}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"\\xABz\\xDE\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({0xAB, 'z', 0xDE}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"#\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'#'}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseOneDictionaryEntry("\"\\\"\"", &U));
+  EXPECT_EQ(U, Unit({'"'}));
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerDictionary, ParseDictionaryFile) {
+  std::vector<Unit> Units;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseDictionaryFile("zzz\n", &Units));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ParseDictionaryFile("", &Units));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDictionaryFile("\n", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units.size(), 0U);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDictionaryFile("#zzzz a b c d\n", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units.size(), 0U);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDictionaryFile(" #zzzz\n", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units.size(), 0U);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDictionaryFile("  #zzzz\n", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units.size(), 0U);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ParseDictionaryFile("  #zzzz\naaa=\"aa\"", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units, std::vector<Unit>({Unit({'a', 'a'})}));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      ParseDictionaryFile("  #zzzz\naaa=\"aa\"\n\nabc=\"abc\"", &Units));
+  EXPECT_EQ(Units,
+            std::vector<Unit>({Unit({'a', 'a'}), Unit({'a', 'b', 'c'})}));
+}
+
+TEST(FuzzerUtil, Base64) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Base64({}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YQ==", Base64({'a'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("eA==", Base64({'x'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YWI=", Base64({'a', 'b'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("eHk=", Base64({'x', 'y'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YWJj", Base64({'a', 'b', 'c'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("eHl6", Base64({'x', 'y', 'z'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YWJjeA==", Base64({'a', 'b', 'c', 'x'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YWJjeHk=", Base64({'a', 'b', 'c', 'x', 'y'}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("YWJjeHl6", Base64({'a', 'b', 'c', 'x', 'y', 'z'}));
+}
+
+TEST(Corpus, Distribution) {
+  Random Rand(0);
+  InputCorpus C("");
+  size_t N = 10;
+  size_t TriesPerUnit = 1<<16;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+    C.AddToCorpus(Unit{ static_cast<uint8_t>(i) }, 0);
+
+  std::vector<size_t> Hist(N);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N * TriesPerUnit; i++) {
+    Hist[C.ChooseUnitIdxToMutate(Rand)]++;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+    // A weak sanity check that every unit gets invoked.
+    EXPECT_GT(Hist[i], TriesPerUnit / N / 3);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(Merge, Bad) {
+  const char *kInvalidInputs[] = {
+    "",
+    "x",
+    "3\nx",
+    "2\n3",
+    "2\n2",
+    "2\n2\nA\n",
+    "2\n2\nA\nB\nC\n",
+    "0\n0\n",
+    "1\n1\nA\nDONE 0",
+    "1\n1\nA\nSTARTED 1",
+  };
+  Merger M;
+  for (auto S : kInvalidInputs) {
+    // fprintf(stderr, "TESTING:\n%s\n", S);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(M.Parse(S, false));
+  }
+}
+
+void EQ(const std::vector<uint32_t> &A, const std::vector<uint32_t> &B) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(A, B);
+}
+
+void EQ(const std::vector<std::string> &A, const std::vector<std::string> &B) {
+  std::set<std::string> a(A.begin(), A.end());
+  std::set<std::string> b(B.begin(), B.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+static void Merge(const std::string &Input,
+                  const std::vector<std::string> Result,
+                  size_t NumNewFeatures) {
+  Merger M;
+  std::vector<std::string> NewFiles;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse(Input, true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(NumNewFeatures, M.Merge(&NewFiles));
+  EQ(NewFiles, Result);
+}
+
+TEST(Merge, Good) {
+  Merger M;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse("1\n0\nAA\n", false));
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files.size(), 1U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.NumFilesInFirstCorpus, 0U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[0].Name, "AA");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.LastFailure.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.FirstNotProcessedFile, 0U);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse("2\n1\nAA\nBB\nSTARTED 0 42\n", false));
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files.size(), 2U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.NumFilesInFirstCorpus, 1U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[0].Name, "AA");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[1].Name, "BB");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.LastFailure, "AA");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.FirstNotProcessedFile, 1U);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse("3\n1\nAA\nBB\nC\n"
+                        "STARTED 0 1000\n"
+                        "DONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+                        "STARTED 1 1001\n"
+                        "DONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+                        "STARTED 2 1002\n"
+                        "", true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files.size(), 3U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.NumFilesInFirstCorpus, 1U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[0].Name, "AA");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[0].Size, 1000U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[1].Name, "BB");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[1].Size, 1001U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[2].Name, "C");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files[2].Size, 1002U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.LastFailure, "C");
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.FirstNotProcessedFile, 3U);
+  EQ(M.Files[0].Features, {1, 2, 3});
+  EQ(M.Files[1].Features, {4, 5, 6});
+
+
+  std::vector<std::string> NewFiles;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse("3\n2\nAA\nBB\nC\n"
+                        "STARTED 0 1000\nDONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+                        "STARTED 1 1001\nDONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+                        "STARTED 2 1002\nDONE 2 6 1 3 \n"
+                        "", true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.Files.size(), 3U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.NumFilesInFirstCorpus, 2U);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.LastFailure.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(M.FirstNotProcessedFile, 3U);
+  EQ(M.Files[0].Features, {1, 2, 3});
+  EQ(M.Files[1].Features, {4, 5, 6});
+  EQ(M.Files[2].Features, {1, 3, 6});
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, M.Merge(&NewFiles));
+  EQ(NewFiles, {});
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(M.Parse("3\n1\nA\nB\nC\n"
+                        "STARTED 0 1000\nDONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+                        "STARTED 1 1001\nDONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+                        "STARTED 2 1002\nDONE 2 6 1 3\n"
+                        "", true));
+  EQ(M.Files[0].Features, {1, 2, 3});
+  EQ(M.Files[1].Features, {4, 5, 6});
+  EQ(M.Files[2].Features, {1, 3, 6});
+  EXPECT_EQ(3U, M.Merge(&NewFiles));
+  EQ(NewFiles, {"B"});
+}
+
+TEST(Merge, Merge) {
+
+  Merge("3\n1\nA\nB\nC\n"
+        "STARTED 0 1000\nDONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+        "STARTED 1 1001\nDONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+        "STARTED 2 1002\nDONE 2 6 1 3 \n",
+        {"B"}, 3);
+
+  Merge("3\n0\nA\nB\nC\n"
+        "STARTED 0 2000\nDONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+        "STARTED 1 1001\nDONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+        "STARTED 2 1002\nDONE 2 6 1 3 \n",
+        {"A", "B", "C"}, 6);
+
+  Merge("4\n0\nA\nB\nC\nD\n"
+        "STARTED 0 2000\nDONE 0 1 2 3\n"
+        "STARTED 1 1101\nDONE 1 4 5 6 \n"
+        "STARTED 2 1102\nDONE 2 6 1 3 100 \n"
+        "STARTED 3 1000\nDONE 3 1  \n",
+        {"A", "B", "C", "D"}, 7);
+
+  Merge("4\n1\nA\nB\nC\nD\n"
+        "STARTED 0 2000\nDONE 0 4 5 6 7 8\n"
+        "STARTED 1 1100\nDONE 1 1 2 3 \n"
+        "STARTED 2 1100\nDONE 2 2 3 \n"
+        "STARTED 3 1000\nDONE 3 1  \n",
+        {"B", "D"}, 3);
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/InitializeTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/InitializeTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d6a0fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/InitializeTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Make sure LLVMFuzzerInitialize is called.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static char *argv0;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerInitialize(int *argc, char ***argv) {
+  assert(*argc > 0);
+  argv0 = **argv;
+  fprintf(stderr, "LLVMFuzzerInitialize: %s\n", argv0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size == strlen(argv0) &&
+      !strncmp(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(Data), argv0, Size)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO %s\n", argv0);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22e5164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test with a leak.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+static volatile void *Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && *Data == 'H') {
+    Sink = new int;
+    Sink = nullptr;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTimeoutTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTimeoutTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f31b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LeakTimeoutTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test with a leak.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+static volatile int *Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (!Size) return 0;
+  Sink = new int;
+  Sink = new int;
+  while (Sink) *Sink = 0;  // Infinite loop.
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LoadTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LoadTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1780d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/LoadTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer: find interesting value of array index.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+const int kArraySize = 1234567;
+int array[kArraySize];
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 8) return 0;
+  size_t a = 0;
+  memcpy(&a, Data, 8);
+  Sink = array[a % (kArraySize + 1)];
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/MemcmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/MemcmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdbf946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/MemcmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find a particular string.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  // TODO: check other sizes.
+  if (Size >= 8 && memcmp(Data, "01234567", 8) == 0) {
+    if (Size >= 12 && memcmp(Data + 8, "ABCD", 4) == 0) {
+      if (Size >= 14 && memcmp(Data + 12, "XY", 2) == 0) {
+        if (Size >= 17 && memcmp(Data + 14, "KLM", 3) == 0) {
+          if (Size >= 27 && memcmp(Data + 17, "ABCDE-GHIJ", 10) == 0){
+            fprintf(stderr, "BINGO %zd\n", Size);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
+              uint8_t C = Data[i];
+              if (C >= 32 && C < 127)
+                fprintf(stderr, "%c", C);
+            }
+            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+            exit(1);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NthRunCrashTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NthRunCrashTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43e69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NthRunCrashTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Crash on the N-th execution.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static int Counter;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Counter++ == 1000) {
+    std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefOnEmptyTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefOnEmptyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1537109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefOnEmptyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the empty string.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int *Null = 0;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size == 0) {
+    std::cout << "Found the target, dereferencing NULL\n";
+    *Null = 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f03d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/NullDerefTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "Hi!".
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+static volatile int *Null = 0;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        std::cout << "Found the target, dereferencing NULL\n";
+        *Null = 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OneHugeAllocTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OneHugeAllocTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3d1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OneHugeAllocTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Tests OOM handling when there is a single large allocation.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile char *SinkPtr;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        size_t kSize = (size_t)1 << 31;
+        char *p = new char[kSize];
+        memset(p, 0, kSize);
+        SinkPtr = p;
+        delete [] p;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemorySingleLargeMallocTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemorySingleLargeMallocTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea23a60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemorySingleLargeMallocTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Tests OOM handling.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile char *SinkPtr;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+          size_t kSize = 0xff000000U;
+          char *p = new char[kSize];
+          SinkPtr = p;
+          delete [] p;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemoryTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..078a39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/OutOfMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Tests OOM handling.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+static volatile char *SinkPtr;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        while (true) {
+          size_t kSize = 1 << 28;
+          char *p = new char[kSize];
+          memset(p, 0, kSize);
+          SinkPtr = p;
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedBytesTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedBytesTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fa6c78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedBytesTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find repeated bytes.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  // Looking for AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA or some such.
+  size_t CurA = 0, MaxA = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
+    // Make sure there are no conditionals in the loop so that
+    // coverage can't help the fuzzer.
+    int EQ = Data[i] == 'A';
+    CurA = EQ * (CurA + 1);
+    int GT = CurA > MaxA;
+    MaxA = GT * CurA + (!GT) * MaxA;
+  }
+  if (MaxA >= 20) {
+    std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target (Max: " << MaxA << "), exiting\n";
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedMemcmp.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedMemcmp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a327bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/RepeatedMemcmp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int Matches = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i + 2 < Size; i += 3) {
+    const char *Pat = i % 2 ? "foo" : "bar";
+    if (!memcmp(Data + i, Pat, 3))
+      Matches++;
+  }
+  if (Matches > 20) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO!\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkControlFlowTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkControlFlowTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd7c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkControlFlowTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test that we can find the minimal item in the corpus (3 bytes: "FUZ").
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  int8_t Ids[256];
+  memset(Ids, -1, sizeof(Ids));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+    if (Ids[Data[i]] == -1)
+      Ids[Data[i]] = i;
+  int F = Ids[(unsigned char)'F'];
+  int U = Ids[(unsigned char)'U'];
+  int Z = Ids[(unsigned char)'Z'];
+  if (F >= 0 && U > F && Z > U) {
+    Sink++;
+    //fprintf(stderr, "IDS: %d %d %d\n", F, U, Z);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkValueProfileTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkValueProfileTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..026b8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ShrinkValueProfileTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test that we can find the minimal item in the corpus (3 bytes: "FUZ").
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+static volatile uint32_t Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < sizeof(uint32_t)) return 0;
+  uint32_t X, Y;
+  size_t Offset = Size < 8 ? 0 : Size / 2;
+  memcpy(&X, Data + Offset, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  memcpy(&Y, "FUZZ", sizeof(uint32_t));
+  Sink = X == Y;
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SignedIntOverflowTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SignedIntOverflowTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7df32ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SignedIntOverflowTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test for signed-integer-overflow.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <climits>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+static int Large = INT_MAX;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        Large++;  // int overflow.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleCmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleCmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0220c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleCmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find several narrow ranges.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+extern int AllLines[];
+
+bool PrintOnce(int Line) {
+  if (!AllLines[Line])
+    fprintf(stderr, "Seen line %d\n", Line);
+  AllLines[Line] = 1;
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size != 22) return 0;
+  uint64_t x = 0;
+  int64_t  y = 0;
+  int32_t z = 0;
+  uint16_t a = 0;
+  memcpy(&x, Data, 8);  // 8
+  memcpy(&y, Data + 8, 8);  // 16
+  memcpy(&z, Data + 16, sizeof(z));  // 20
+  memcpy(&a, Data + 20, sizeof(a));  // 22
+
+  if (x > 1234567890 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      x < 1234567895 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      a == 0x4242 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      y >= 987654321 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      y <= 987654325 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      z < -10000 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      z >= -10005 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      z != -10003 && PrintOnce(__LINE__) &&
+      true) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO; Found the target: size %zd (%zd, %zd, %d, %d), exiting.\n",
+            Size, x, y, z, a);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int AllLines[__LINE__ + 1];  // Must be the last line.
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleDictionaryTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleDictionaryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd7292b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleDictionaryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer.
+// The fuzzer must find a string based on dictionary words:
+//   "Elvis"
+//   "Presley"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Zero = 0;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  const char *Expected = "ElvisPresley";
+  if (Size < strlen(Expected)) return 0;
+  size_t Match = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; Expected[i]; i++)
+    if (Expected[i] + Zero == Data[i])
+      Match++;
+  if (Match == strlen(Expected)) {
+    std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleHashTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleHashTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00599de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleHashTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// This test computes a checksum of the data (all but the last 4 bytes),
+// and then compares the last 4 bytes with the computed value.
+// A fuzzer with cmp traces is expected to defeat this check.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+// A modified jenkins_one_at_a_time_hash initialized by non-zero,
+// so that simple_hash(0) != 0. See also
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins_hash_function
+static uint32_t simple_hash(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  uint32_t Hash = 0x12039854;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
+    Hash += Data[i];
+    Hash += (Hash << 10);
+    Hash ^= (Hash >> 6);
+  }
+  Hash += (Hash << 3);
+  Hash ^= (Hash >> 11);
+  Hash += (Hash << 15);
+  return Hash;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 14)
+    return 0;
+
+  uint32_t Hash = simple_hash(&Data[0], Size - 4);
+  uint32_t Want = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(&Data[Size - 4])[0];
+  if (Hash != Want)
+    return 0;
+  fprintf(stderr, "BINGO; simple_hash defeated: %x == %x\n", (unsigned int)Hash,
+          (unsigned int)Want);
+  exit(1);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e53ea16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "Hi!".
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+        exit(0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleThreadedTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleThreadedTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f02d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SimpleThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Threaded test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer should find "H"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  auto C = [&] {
+    if (Size >= 2 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+        std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n";
+        abort();
+    }
+  };
+  std::thread T[] = {std::thread(C), std::thread(C), std::thread(C),
+                     std::thread(C), std::thread(C), std::thread(C)};
+  for (auto &X : T)
+    X.join();
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleMemcmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleMemcmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c73f68a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleMemcmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find a particular string.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  char *S = (char*)Data;
+  if (Size >= 6 && !memcmp(S, "qwerty", 6)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrcmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrcmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73470b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrcmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find a particular string.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  char *S = (char*)Data;
+  if (Size >= 7 && !strcmp(S, "qwerty")) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrncmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrncmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbcc464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SingleStrncmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find a particular string.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  char *S = (char*)Data;
+  if (Size >= 6 && !strncmp(S, "qwerty", 6)) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SpamyTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SpamyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d294d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SpamyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// The test spams to stderr and stdout.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  printf("PRINTF_STDOUT\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+  fprintf(stderr, "PRINTF_STDERR\n");
+  std::cout << "STREAM_COUT\n";
+  std::cout.flush();
+  std::cerr << "STREAM_CERR\n";
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrcmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrcmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd91dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrcmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Break through a series of strcmp.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+
+bool Eq(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size, const char *Str) {
+  char Buff[1024];
+  size_t Len = strlen(Str);
+  if (Size < Len) return false;
+  if (Len >= sizeof(Buff)) return false;
+  memcpy(Buff, (char*)Data, Len);
+  Buff[Len] = 0;
+  int res = strcmp(Buff, Str);
+  return res == 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Eq(Data, Size, "ABC") &&
+      Size >= 3 && Eq(Data + 3, Size - 3, "QWER") &&
+      Size >= 7 && Eq(Data + 7, Size - 7, "ZXCVN") &&
+      Size >= 14 && Data[13] == 42
+    ) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpOOBTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpOOBTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f70b003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpOOBTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test that libFuzzer itself does not read out of bounds.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 5) return 0;
+  const char *Ch = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(Data);
+  if (Ch[Size - 3] == 'a')
+    Sink = strncmp(Ch + Size - 3, "abcdefg", 6);
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ffd011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrncmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find a particular string.
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+static volatile int sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  // TODO: check other sizes.
+  char *S = (char*)Data;
+  if (Size >= 8 && strncmp(S, "123", 8))
+    sink = 1;
+  if (Size >= 8 && strncmp(S, "01234567", 8) == 0) {
+    if (Size >= 12 && strncmp(S + 8, "ABCD", 4) == 0) {
+      if (Size >= 14 && strncmp(S + 12, "XY", 2) == 0) {
+        if (Size >= 17 && strncmp(S + 14, "KLM", 3) == 0) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+          exit(1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrstrTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrstrTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f021e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/StrstrTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Test strstr and strcasestr hooks.
+#include <string>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+// Windows does not have strcasestr and memmem, so we are not testing them.
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define strcasestr strstr
+#define memmem(a, b, c, d) true
+#endif
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 4) return 0;
+  std::string s(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(Data), Size);
+  if (strstr(s.c_str(), "FUZZ") &&
+      strcasestr(s.c_str(), "aBcD") &&
+      memmem(s.data(), s.size(), "kuku", 4)
+      ) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwapCmpTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwapCmpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f79db4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwapCmpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// The fuzzer must find several constants with swapped bytes.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 14) return 0;
+  uint64_t x = 0;
+  uint32_t y = 0;
+  uint16_t z = 0;
+  memcpy(&x, Data, sizeof(x));
+  memcpy(&y, Data + Size / 2, sizeof(y));
+  memcpy(&z, Data + Size - sizeof(z), sizeof(z));
+
+  x = __builtin_bswap64(x);
+  y = __builtin_bswap32(y);
+  z = __builtin_bswap16(z);
+
+  if (x == 0x46555A5A5A5A5546ULL &&
+      z == 0x4F4B &&
+      y == 0x66757A7A &&
+      true
+      ) {
+    if (Data[Size - 3] == 'z') {
+      fprintf(stderr, "BINGO; Found the target\n");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/Switch2Test.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/Switch2Test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c6a300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/Switch2Test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the interesting switch value.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+int Switch(int a) {
+  switch(a) {
+    case 100001: return 1;
+    case 100002: return 2;
+    case 100003: return 4;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  const int N = 3;
+  if (Size < N * sizeof(int)) return 0;
+  int Res = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+    int X;
+    memcpy(&X, Data + i * sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+    Res += Switch(X);
+  }
+  if (Res == 5 || Res == 3 || Res == 6 || Res == 7) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO; Found the target, exiting; Res=%d\n", Res);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwitchTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwitchTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74e86c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/SwitchTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the interesting switch value.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+template<class T>
+bool Switch(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  T X;
+  if (Size < sizeof(X)) return false;
+  memcpy(&X, Data, sizeof(X));
+  switch (X) {
+    case 1: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 101: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 1001: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 10001: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+//    case 100001: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+//    case 1000001: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 10000001: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 100000001: return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool ShortSwitch(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  short X;
+  if (Size < sizeof(short)) return false;
+  memcpy(&X, Data, sizeof(short));
+  switch(X) {
+    case 42: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 402: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 4002: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 5002: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 7002: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 9002: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 14002: Sink = __LINE__; break;
+    case 21402: return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size >= 4  && Switch<int>(Data, Size) &&
+      Size >= 12 && Switch<uint64_t>(Data + 4, Size - 4) &&
+      Size >= 14 && ShortSwitch(Data + 12, 2)
+    ) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedLeakTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedLeakTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7511071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedLeakTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// The fuzzer should find a leak in a non-main thread.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <thread>
+
+static volatile int *Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size == 0) return 0;
+  if (Data[0] != 'F') return 0;
+  std::thread T([&] { Sink = new int; });
+  T.join();
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09137a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ThreadedTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Threaded test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer should not crash.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <thread>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size < 8) return 0;
+  assert(Data);
+  auto C = [&] {
+    size_t Res = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < Size / 2; i++)
+      Res += memcmp(Data, Data + Size / 2, 4);
+    return Res;
+  };
+  std::thread T[] = {std::thread(C), std::thread(C), std::thread(C),
+                     std::thread(C), std::thread(C), std::thread(C)};
+  for (auto &X : T)
+    X.join();
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutEmptyTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutEmptyTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8066f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutEmptyTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the empty string.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  static volatile int Zero = 0;
+  if (!Size)
+    while(!Zero)
+      ;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f810701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TimeoutTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Simple test for a fuzzer. The fuzzer must find the string "Hi!".
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        Sink = 2;
+        while (Sink)
+          ;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TraceMallocTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TraceMallocTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e6950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/TraceMallocTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// Tests -trace_malloc
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int *Ptr;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  if (!Size) return 0;
+  if (*Data == 1) {
+    delete Ptr;
+    Ptr = nullptr;
+  } else if (*Data == 2) {
+    delete Ptr;
+    Ptr = new int;
+  } else if (*Data == 3) {
+    if (!Ptr)
+      Ptr = new int;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/UninstrumentedTest.cpp b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/UninstrumentedTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe952c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/UninstrumentedTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+
+// This test should not be instrumented.
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-extra-stats.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-extra-stats.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81e384e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-extra-stats.test
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+; Test that not specifying an extra stats file isn't broken.
+RUN: unset AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME
+RUN: AFLDriverTest
+
+; Test that specifying an invalid extra stats file causes a crash.
+RUN: ASAN_OPTIONS= AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME=%T not --crash AFLDriverTest
+
+; Test that specifying a corrupted stats file causes a crash.
+echo "peak_rss_mb :0" > %t
+ASAN_OPTIONS= AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME=%t not --crash AFLDriverTest
+
+; Test that specifying a valid nonexistent stats file works.
+RUN: rm -f %t
+RUN: AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME=%t AFLDriverTest
+RUN: [[ $(grep "peak_rss_mb\|slowest_unit_time_sec" %t | wc -l) -eq 2 ]]
+
+; Test that specifying a valid preexisting stats file works.
+RUN: printf "peak_rss_mb : 0\nslowest_unit_time_sec: 0\n" > %t
+RUN: AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME=%t AFLDriverTest
+; Check that both lines were printed.
+RUN: [[ $(grep "peak_rss_mb\|slowest_unit_time_sec" %t | wc -l) -eq 2 ]]
+
+; Test that peak_rss_mb and slowest_unit_time_in_secs are only updated when necessary.
+; Check that both lines have 9999 since there's no way we have exceeded that
+; amount of time or virtual memory.
+RUN: printf "peak_rss_mb : 9999\nslowest_unit_time_sec: 9999\n" > %t
+RUN: AFL_DRIVER_EXTRA_STATS_FILENAME=%t AFLDriverTest
+RUN: [[ $(grep "9999" %t | wc -l) -eq 2 ]]
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-stderr.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-stderr.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0f9c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/afl-driver-stderr.test
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+; Test that not specifying a stderr file isn't broken.
+RUN: unset AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME
+RUN: AFLDriverTest
+
+; Test that specifying an invalid file causes a crash.
+RUN: ASAN_OPTIONS= AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME="%T" not --crash AFLDriverTest
+
+; Test that a file is created when specified as the duplicate stderr.
+RUN: AFL_DRIVER_STDERR_DUPLICATE_FILENAME=%t AFLDriverTest
+RUN: stat %t
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/caller-callee.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/caller-callee.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76a951c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/caller-callee.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-CallerCalleeTest          -use_value_profile=1 -cross_over=0 -max_len=6 -seed=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/coverage.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/coverage.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa11be5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/coverage.test
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+CHECK: COVERAGE:
+CHECK-DAG: COVERED: {{.*}}in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput {{.*}}NullDerefTest.cpp:13
+CHECK-DAG: COVERED: {{.*}}in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput {{.*}}NullDerefTest.cpp:14
+CHECK-DAG: COVERED: {{.*}}in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput {{.*}}NullDerefTest.cpp:16
+CHECK-DAG: COVERED: {{.*}}in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput {{.*}}NullDerefTest.cpp:19
+CHECK: COVERED_DIRS: {{.*}}lib/Fuzzer/test
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -print_coverage=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest -print_coverage=1 -runs=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=DSO
+DSO: COVERAGE:
+DSO-DAG: COVERED:{{.*}}DSO1{{.*}}DSO1.cpp
+DSO-DAG: COVERED:{{.*}}DSO2{{.*}}DSO2.cpp
+DSO-DAG: COVERED:{{.*}}LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput{{.*}}DSOTestMain
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_LINE:{{.*}}DSO1{{.*}}DSO1.cpp
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_LINE:{{.*}}DSO2{{.*}}DSO2.cpp
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_FUNC: in Uncovered1
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_FUNC: in Uncovered2
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_LINE: in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput
+DSO-DAG: UNCOVERED_FILE:{{.*}}DSOTestExtra.cpp
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dict1.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dict1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..520d0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dict1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Dictionary for SimpleDictionaryTest
+
+a="Elvis"
+b="Presley"
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dump_coverage.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dump_coverage.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bd98da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/dump_coverage.test
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+RUN: DIR=%t_workdir
+RUN: BUILD_DIR=$(pwd)
+RUN: rm -rf $DIR && mkdir -p $DIR && cd $DIR
+RUN: not $BUILD_DIR/LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -dump_coverage=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: $BUILD_DIR/LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest -dump_coverage=1 -runs=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=DSO
+RUN: not $BUILD_DIR/LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -dump_coverage=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NOCOV
+RUN: rm -rf $DIR
+
+
+CHECK: SanitizerCoverage: ./LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest.{{.*}}.sancov {{.*}} PCs written
+
+DSO: SanitizerCoverage: ./LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest.{{.*}}.sancov {{.*}} PCs written
+DSO-DAG: SanitizerCoverage: ./libLLVMFuzzer-DSO1.{{.*}}.sancov {{.*}} PCs written
+DSO-DAG: SanitizerCoverage: ./libLLVMFuzzer-DSO2.{{.*}}.sancov {{.*}} PCs written
+
+NOCOV-NOT: SanitizerCoverage: {{.*}} PCs written
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-customcrossover.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-customcrossover.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d39ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-customcrossover.test
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+RUN: rm -rf %t/CustomCrossover
+RUN: mkdir -p %t/CustomCrossover
+RUN: echo "0123456789" > %t/CustomCrossover/digits
+RUN: echo "abcdefghij" > %t/CustomCrossover/chars
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-CustomCrossOverTest -seed=1 -use_memcmp=0 -runs=100000 %t/CustomCrossover 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossover
+RUN: rm -rf %t/CustomCrossover
+
+LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossover: In LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossover
+LLVMFuzzerCustomCrossover: BINGO
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-custommutator.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-custommutator.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcd740b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-custommutator.test
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-CustomMutatorTest 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator
+LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator: In LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator
+LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator: BINGO
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dict.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dict.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dec002f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dict.test
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+Done1000000: Done 1000000 runs in
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SimpleDictionaryTest -dict=%S/dict1.txt -seed=1 -runs=1000003  2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN:     LLVMFuzzer-SimpleDictionaryTest                    -seed=1 -runs=1000000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=Done1000000
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dirs.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dirs.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63afe8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-dirs.test
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+RUN: rm -rf %t/SUB1
+RUN: mkdir -p %t/SUB1/SUB2/SUB3
+RUN: echo a > %t/SUB1/a
+RUN: echo b > %t/SUB1/SUB2/b
+RUN: echo c > %t/SUB1/SUB2/SUB3/c
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest %t/SUB1 -runs=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SUBDIRS
+SUBDIRS: READ   units: 3
+RUN: echo zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz > %t/SUB1/long
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest %t/SUB1 -runs=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LONG
+LONG: INFO: -max_len is not provided, using 94
+RUN: rm -rf %t/SUB1
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest NONEXISTENT_DIR 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NONEXISTENT_DIR
+NONEXISTENT_DIR: No such directory: NONEXISTENT_DIR; exiting
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-fdmask.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-fdmask.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abbc4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-fdmask.test
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SpamyTest -runs=1                  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FD_MASK_0
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SpamyTest -runs=1 -close_fd_mask=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FD_MASK_0
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SpamyTest -runs=1 -close_fd_mask=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FD_MASK_1
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SpamyTest -runs=1 -close_fd_mask=2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FD_MASK_2
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SpamyTest -runs=1 -close_fd_mask=3 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FD_MASK_3
+
+FD_MASK_0: PRINTF_STDOUT
+FD_MASK_0: PRINTF_STDERR
+FD_MASK_0: STREAM_COUT
+FD_MASK_0: STREAM_CERR
+FD_MASK_0: INITED
+
+FD_MASK_1-NOT: PRINTF_STDOUT
+FD_MASK_1: PRINTF_STDERR
+FD_MASK_1-NOT: STREAM_COUT
+FD_MASK_1: STREAM_CERR
+FD_MASK_1: INITED
+
+FD_MASK_2: PRINTF_STDOUT
+FD_MASK_2-NOT: PRINTF_STDERR
+FD_MASK_2: STREAM_COUT
+FD_MASK_2-NOTE: STREAM_CERR
+FD_MASK_2: INITED
+
+FD_MASK_3-NOT: PRINTF_STDOUT
+FD_MASK_3-NOT: PRINTF_STDERR
+FD_MASK_3-NOT: STREAM_COUT
+FD_MASK_3-NOT: STREAM_CERR
+FD_MASK_3: INITED
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-finalstats.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-finalstats.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cbcd10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-finalstats.test
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -seed=1 -runs=77 -print_final_stats=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FINAL_STATS
+FINAL_STATS: stat::number_of_executed_units: 77
+FINAL_STATS: stat::average_exec_per_sec:     0
+FINAL_STATS: stat::new_units_added:
+FINAL_STATS: stat::slowest_unit_time_sec:    0
+FINAL_STATS: stat::peak_rss_mb:
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest %S/dict1.txt -runs=33 -print_final_stats=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FINAL_STATS1
+FINAL_STATS1: stat::number_of_executed_units: 33
+FINAL_STATS1: stat::peak_rss_mb:
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-flags.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-flags.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76ea277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-flags.test
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -foo_bar=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FOO_BAR
+FOO_BAR: WARNING: unrecognized flag '-foo_bar=1'; use -help=1 to list all flags
+FOO_BAR: BINGO
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -runs=10 --max_len=100 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=DASH_DASH
+DASH_DASH: WARNING: did you mean '-max_len=100' (single dash)?
+DASH_DASH: INFO: A corpus is not provided, starting from an empty corpus
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -help=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NO_INTERNAL
+NO_INTERNAL-NOT: internal flag
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-jobs.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-jobs.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bf8cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-jobs.test
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+RUN: rm -rf %tmp
+RUN: mkdir %tmp && cd %tmp
+# Create a shared corpus directory
+RUN: rm -rf FuzzerJobsTestCORPUS
+RUN: mkdir FuzzerJobsTestCORPUS
+RUN: rm -f fuzz-{0,1}.log
+# Start fuzzer and in parallel check that the output files
+# that should be created exist.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-EmptyTest -max_total_time=4 -jobs=2 -workers=2 FuzzerJobsTestCORPUS > %t-fuzzer-jobs-test.log 2>&1 & export FUZZER_PID=$!
+# Wait a short while to give time for the child processes
+# to start fuzzing
+RUN: sleep 2
+# If the instances are running in parallel they should have created their log
+# files by now.
+RUN: ls fuzz-0.log
+RUN: ls fuzz-1.log
+# Wait for libfuzzer to finish.
+# This probably isn't portable but we need a way to block until
+# the fuzzer is done otherwise we might remove the files while
+# they are being used.
+RUN: while kill -0 ${FUZZER_PID}; do : ; done
+RUN: rm -f fuzz-{0,1}.log
+RUN: rm -rf FuzzerJobsTestCORPUS
+RUN: FileCheck -input-file=%t-fuzzer-jobs-test.log %s
+RUN: rm %t-fuzzer-jobs-test.log
+RUN: cd ../
+
+CHECK-DAG: Job 0 exited with exit code 0
+CHECK-DAG: Job 1 exited with exit code 0
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-leak.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-leak.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cf5c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-leak.test
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+REQUIRES: lsan
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=100000 -detect_leaks=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_DURING
+LEAK_DURING: ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks
+LEAK_DURING: Direct leak of 4 byte(s) in 1 object(s) allocated from:
+LEAK_DURING: INFO: to ignore leaks on libFuzzer side use -detect_leaks=0
+LEAK_DURING: Test unit written to ./leak-
+LEAK_DURING-NOT: DONE
+LEAK_DURING-NOT: Done
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=0 -detect_leaks=1 %S 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_IN_CORPUS
+LEAK_IN_CORPUS: ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks
+LEAK_IN_CORPUS: INFO: a leak has been found in the initial corpus.
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=100000000 %S/hi.txt 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MULTI_RUN_LEAK
+MULTI_RUN_LEAK-NOT: pulse
+MULTI_RUN_LEAK: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=100000 -detect_leaks=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_AFTER
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=100000                 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_DURING
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedLeakTest -runs=100000 -detect_leaks=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_AFTER
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedLeakTest -runs=100000                 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_DURING
+LEAK_AFTER: Done 100000 runs in
+LEAK_AFTER: ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -runs=100000 -max_len=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MAX_LEN_1
+MAX_LEN_1: Test unit written to ./leak-7cf184f4c67ad58283ecb19349720b0cae756829
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LeakTimeoutTest -timeout=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LEAK_TIMEOUT
+LEAK_TIMEOUT: ERROR: libFuzzer: timeout after
+LEAK_TIMEOUT-NOT: LeakSanitizer
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-AccumulateAllocationsTest -detect_leaks=1 -runs=100000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=ACCUMULATE_ALLOCS
+ACCUMULATE_ALLOCS: INFO: libFuzzer disabled leak detection after every mutation
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-LeakTest -error_exitcode=0
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom-with-profile.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom-with-profile.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b2b0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom-with-profile.test
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+REQUIRES: linux
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-OutOfMemoryTest -rss_limit_mb=300 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK: ERROR: libFuzzer: out-of-memory (used: {{.*}}; limit: 300Mb)
+CHECK: Live Heap Allocations
+CHECK: Test unit written to ./oom-
+SUMMARY: libFuzzer: out-of-memory
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8caf649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-oom.test
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-OutOfMemoryTest -rss_limit_mb=300 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK: ERROR: libFuzzer: out-of-memory (used: {{.*}}; limit: 300Mb)
+CHECK: Test unit written to ./oom-
+SUMMARY: libFuzzer: out-of-memory
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-OutOfMemorySingleLargeMallocTest 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SINGLE_LARGE_MALLOC
+SINGLE_LARGE_MALLOC: libFuzzer: out-of-memory (malloc(42{{.*}}))
+SINGLE_LARGE_MALLOC: in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput
+
+# Check that -rss_limit_mb=0 means no limit.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-AccumulateAllocationsTest -runs=1000 -rss_limit_mb=0
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-printcovpcs.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-printcovpcs.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4c6f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-printcovpcs.test
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -print_pcs=1 -seed=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PCS
+PCS-NOT: NEW_PC
+PCS:INITED
+PCS:NEW_PC: {{0x[a-f0-9]+}}
+PCS:NEW_PC: {{0x[a-f0-9]+}}
+PCS:NEW
+PCS:BINGO
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-runs.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-runs.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..056c447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-runs.test
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+RUN: mkdir -p %t
+RUN: echo abcd > %t/NthRunCrashTest.in
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-NthRunCrashTest %t/NthRunCrashTest.in
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-NthRunCrashTest %t/NthRunCrashTest.in -runs=10
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NthRunCrashTest %t/NthRunCrashTest.in -runs=10000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: rm %t/NthRunCrashTest.in
+CHECK: BINGO
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-seed.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-seed.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1bdf9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-seed.test
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleCmpTest -seed=-1 -runs=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK_SEED_MINUS_ONE
+CHECK_SEED_MINUS_ONE: Seed: 4294967295
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-segv.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-segv.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..330f03b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-segv.test
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+RUN: ASAN_OPTIONS=handle_segv=0 not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=LIBFUZZER_OWN_SEGV_HANDLER
+LIBFUZZER_OWN_SEGV_HANDLER: == ERROR: libFuzzer: deadly signal
+LIBFUZZER_OWN_SEGV_HANDLER: SUMMARY: libFuzzer: deadly signal
+LIBFUZZER_OWN_SEGV_HANDLER: Test unit written to ./crash-
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-singleinputs.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-singleinputs.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca8403b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-singleinputs.test
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest %S/hi.txt 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SingleInput
+SingleInput-NOT: Test unit written to ./crash-
+
+RUN: rm -rf  %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS
+RUN: mkdir -p  %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS
+RUN: echo aaa > %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/aaa
+RUN: echo bbb > %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/bbb
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest            %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/aaa %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/bbb 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SINGLE_INPUTS
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -max_len=2 %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/aaa %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS/bbb 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SINGLE_INPUTS
+RUN: rm -rf  %tmp/SINGLE_INPUTS
+SINGLE_INPUTS: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest: Running 2 inputs 1 time(s) each.
+SINGLE_INPUTS: aaa in
+SINGLE_INPUTS: bbb in
+SINGLE_INPUTS: NOTE: fuzzing was not performed, you have only
+SINGLE_INPUTS: executed the target code on a fixed set of inputs.
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-threaded.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-threaded.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c58a334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-threaded.test
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+CHECK: Done 1000 runs in
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedTest -use_traces=1 -runs=1000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedTest -use_traces=1 -runs=1000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedTest -use_traces=1 -runs=1000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ThreadedTest -use_traces=1 -runs=1000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-timeout.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-timeout.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..beb0867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-timeout.test
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-TimeoutTest -timeout=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=TimeoutTest
+TimeoutTest: ALARM: working on the last Unit for
+TimeoutTest: Test unit written to ./timeout-
+TimeoutTest: == ERROR: libFuzzer: timeout after
+TimeoutTest: #0
+TimeoutTest: #1
+TimeoutTest: #2
+TimeoutTest: SUMMARY: libFuzzer: timeout
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-TimeoutTest -timeout=1 %S/hi.txt 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SingleInputTimeoutTest
+SingleInputTimeoutTest: ALARM: working on the last Unit for {{[1-3]}} seconds
+SingleInputTimeoutTest-NOT: Test unit written to ./timeout-
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-TimeoutTest -timeout=1 -timeout_exitcode=0
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-TimeoutEmptyTest -timeout=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=TimeoutEmptyTest
+TimeoutEmptyTest: ALARM: working on the last Unit for
+TimeoutEmptyTest: == ERROR: libFuzzer: timeout after
+TimeoutEmptyTest: SUMMARY: libFuzzer: timeout
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-traces-hooks.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-traces-hooks.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71fe6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-traces-hooks.test
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// FIXME: Support sanitizer hooks for memcmp and strcmp need
+// to be implemented in the sanitizer runtime for platforms other
+// than linux
+REQUIRES: linux
+CHECK: BINGO
+Done1000000: Done 1000000 runs in
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-MemcmpTest               -seed=4294967295 -runs=100000   2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN:     LLVMFuzzer-MemcmpTest -use_memcmp=0 -seed=4294967295 -runs=1000000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=Done1000000
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-StrncmpTest               -seed=2 -runs=100000   2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN:     LLVMFuzzer-StrncmpTest -use_memcmp=0 -seed=3 -runs=1000000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=Done1000000
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-StrcmpTest               -seed=4 -runs=200000   2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN:     LLVMFuzzer-StrcmpTest -use_memcmp=0 -seed=5 -runs=1000000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=Done1000000
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-StrstrTest               -seed=6 -runs=200000   2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN:     LLVMFuzzer-StrstrTest -use_memmem=0 -seed=7 -runs=1000000  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=Done1000000
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-RepeatedMemcmp -seed=10 -runs=100000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=RECOMMENDED_DICT
+RECOMMENDED_DICT:###### Recommended dictionary. ######
+RECOMMENDED_DICT-DAG: "foo"
+RECOMMENDED_DICT-DAG: "bar"
+RECOMMENDED_DICT:###### End of recommended dictionary. ######
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-ubsan.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-ubsan.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e8ad6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer-ubsan.test
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SignedIntOverflowTest-Ubsan 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK: runtime error: signed integer overflow: 2147483647 + 1 cannot be represented in type 'int'
+CHECK: Test unit written to ./crash-
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f91c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/fuzzer.test
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+Done1000000: Done 1000000 runs in
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+# only_ascii mode. Will perform some minimal self-validation.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest -only_ascii=1 2>&1
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleCmpTest -max_total_time=1 -use_cmp=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MaxTotalTime
+MaxTotalTime: Done {{.*}} runs in {{.}} second(s)
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest                  2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NullDerefTest
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -close_fd_mask=3 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NullDerefTest
+NullDerefTest: ERROR: AddressSanitizer: SEGV on unknown address
+NullDerefTest: Test unit written to ./crash-
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest  -artifact_prefix=ZZZ 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NullDerefTestPrefix
+NullDerefTestPrefix: Test unit written to ZZZcrash-
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest  -artifact_prefix=ZZZ -exact_artifact_path=FOOBAR 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NullDerefTestExactPath
+NullDerefTestExactPath: Test unit written to FOOBAR
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefOnEmptyTest -print_final_stats=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NULL_DEREF_ON_EMPTY
+NULL_DEREF_ON_EMPTY: stat::number_of_executed_units:
+
+#not LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest -timeout=15 -seed=1 -mutate_depth=2 -use_full_coverage_set=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-CounterTest  -max_len=6 -seed=1 -timeout=15 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=COUNTERS
+
+COUNTERS: INITED {{.*}} {{bits:|ft:}}
+COUNTERS: NEW {{.*}} {{bits:|ft:}} {{[1-9]*}}
+COUNTERS: NEW {{.*}} {{bits:|ft:}} {{[1-9]*}}
+COUNTERS: BINGO
+
+# Don't run UninstrumentedTest for now since we build libFuzzer itself with asan.
+DISABLED: not LLVMFuzzer-UninstrumentedTest-Uninstrumented 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=UNINSTRUMENTED
+UNINSTRUMENTED: ERROR: __sanitizer_set_death_callback is not defined. Exiting.
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-UninstrumentedTest-NoCoverage 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NO_COVERAGE
+NO_COVERAGE: ERROR: no interesting inputs were found. Is the code instrumented for coverage? Exiting
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-BufferOverflowOnInput 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=OOB
+OOB: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
+OOB: is located 0 bytes to the right of 3-byte region
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-InitializeTest -use_value_profile=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-DSOTest 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=DSO
+DSO: INFO: Loaded 3 modules
+DSO: BINGO
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest  -exit_on_src_pos=SimpleTest.cpp:17                 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=EXIT_ON_SRC_POS
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ShrinkControlFlowTest  -exit_on_src_pos=ShrinkControlFlowTest.cpp:23 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=EXIT_ON_SRC_POS
+EXIT_ON_SRC_POS: INFO: found line matching '{{.*}}', exiting.
+
+RUN: ASAN_OPTIONS=strict_string_checks=1 not LLVMFuzzer-StrncmpOOBTest -seed=1 -runs=1000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=STRNCMP
+STRNCMP: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
+STRNCMP-NOT: __sanitizer_weak_hook_strncmp
+STRNCMP: in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/hi.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/hi.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f9031f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/hi.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Hi!
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.cfg b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745af0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import lit.formats
+import sys
+
+config.name = "LLVMFuzzer"
+config.test_format = lit.formats.ShTest(True)
+config.suffixes = ['.test']
+config.test_source_root = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+# Tweak PATH to include llvm tools dir and current exec dir.
+llvm_tools_dir = getattr(config, 'llvm_tools_dir', None)
+if (not llvm_tools_dir) or (not os.path.exists(llvm_tools_dir)):
+  lit_config.fatal("Invalid llvm_tools_dir config attribute: %r" % llvm_tools_dir)
+path = os.path.pathsep.join((llvm_tools_dir, config.test_exec_root,
+                             config.environment['PATH']))
+config.environment['PATH'] = path
+
+if config.has_lsan:
+  lit_config.note('lsan feature available')
+  config.available_features.add('lsan')
+else:
+  lit_config.note('lsan feature unavailable')
+
+if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+  # Note the value of ``sys.platform`` is not consistent
+  # between python 2 and 3, hence the use of ``.startswith()``.
+  lit_config.note('linux feature available')
+  config.available_features.add('linux')
+else:
+  lit_config.note('linux feature unavailable')
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.site.cfg.in b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.site.cfg.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e86c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/lit.site.cfg.in
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+config.test_exec_root = "@CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR@"
+config.llvm_tools_dir = "@LLVM_TOOLS_DIR@"
+config.has_lsan = True if @HAS_LSAN@ == 1 else False
+lit_config.load_config(config, "@CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@/lit.cfg")
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/merge.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/merge.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f1810e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/merge.test
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+
+RUN: rm -rf  %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2
+RUN: mkdir -p %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2
+RUN: echo F..... > %tmp/T1/1
+RUN: echo .U.... > %tmp/T1/2
+RUN: echo ..Z... > %tmp/T1/3
+
+# T1 has 3 elements, T2 is empty.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest         -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK1
+CHECK1: MERGE-OUTER: 3 files, 3 in the initial corpus
+CHECK1: MERGE-OUTER: 0 new files with 0 new features added
+
+RUN: echo ...Z.. > %tmp/T2/1
+RUN: echo ....E. > %tmp/T2/2
+RUN: echo .....R > %tmp/T2/3
+RUN: echo F..... > %tmp/T2/a
+RUN: echo .U.... > %tmp/T2/b
+RUN: echo ..Z... > %tmp/T2/c
+
+# T1 has 3 elements, T2 has 6 elements, only 3 are new.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest         -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK2
+CHECK2: MERGE-OUTER: 9 files, 3 in the initial corpus
+CHECK2: MERGE-OUTER: 3 new files with 3 new features added
+
+# Now, T1 has 6 units and T2 has no new interesting units.
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest         -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK3
+CHECK3: MERGE-OUTER: 12 files, 6 in the initial corpus
+CHECK3: MERGE-OUTER: 0 new files with 0 new features added
+
+# Check that we respect max_len during the merge and don't crash.
+RUN: rm %tmp/T1/??*
+RUN: echo looooooooong > %tmp/T2/looooooooong
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest         -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2 -max_len=6 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MAX_LEN
+MAX_LEN: MERGE-OUTER: 3 new files
+
+# Check that merge tolerates failures.
+RUN: rm %tmp/T1/??*
+RUN: echo 'FUZZER' > %tmp/T2/FUZZER
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MERGE_WITH_CRASH
+MERGE_WITH_CRASH: MERGE-OUTER: succesfull in 2 attempt(s)
+MERGE_WITH_CRASH: MERGE-OUTER: 3 new files
+
+# Check that we actually limit the size with max_len
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-FullCoverageSetTest -merge=1 %tmp/T1 %tmp/T2  -max_len=5 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=MERGE_LEN5
+MERGE_LEN5: MERGE-OUTER: succesfull in 1 attempt(s)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/minimize_crash.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/minimize_crash.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e54065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/minimize_crash.test
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+RUN: echo 'Hi!rv349f34t3gg' > not_minimal_crash
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -minimize_crash=1 not_minimal_crash -max_total_time=2 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK: CRASH_MIN: failed to minimize beyond minimized-from-{{.*}} (3 bytes), exiting
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-NullDerefTest -minimize_crash=1 not_minimal_crash -max_total_time=2 -exact_artifact_path=exact_minimized_path 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK_EXACT
+CHECK_EXACT: CRASH_MIN: failed to minimize beyond exact_minimized_path (3 bytes), exiting
+RUN: rm not_minimal_crash minimized-from-* exact_minimized_path
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/no-coverage/CMakeLists.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/no-coverage/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2f6f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/no-coverage/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# These tests are not instrumented with coverage,
+# but have coverage rt in the binary.
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+  "${LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE} -fno-sanitize-coverage=edge,trace-cmp,indirect-calls,8bit-counters,trace-pc-guard")
+
+set(NoCoverageTests
+  UninstrumentedTest
+  )
+
+foreach(Test ${NoCoverageTests})
+  add_libfuzzer_test(${Test}-NoCoverage SOURCES ../${Test}.cpp)
+endforeach()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# AFL Driver test
+###############################################################################
+
+add_executable(AFLDriverTest
+  ../AFLDriverTest.cpp ../../afl/afl_driver.cpp)
+
+set_target_properties(AFLDriverTest
+    PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+    "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/Fuzzer/test"
+    )
+
+# Propagate value into parent directory
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} AFLDriverTest PARENT_SCOPE)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/repeated-bytes.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/repeated-bytes.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7139408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/repeated-bytes.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-RepeatedBytesTest -seed=1 -runs=1000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/shrink.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/shrink.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edb86cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/shrink.test
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ShrinkControlFlowTest -seed=1 -exit_on_item=0eb8e4ed029b774d80f2b66408203801cb982a60 -runs=1000000  -shrink=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SHRINK1
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ShrinkControlFlowTest -seed=1 -exit_on_item=0eb8e4ed029b774d80f2b66408203801cb982a60 -runs=1000000 -shrink=0 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SHRINK0
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-ShrinkValueProfileTest -seed=1 -exit_on_item=aea2e3923af219a8956f626558ef32f30a914ebc -runs=100000 -shrink=1 -use_value_profile=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=SHRINK1_VP
+
+SHRINK0: Done 1000000 runs in
+SHRINK1: INFO: found item with checksum '0eb8e4ed029b774d80f2b66408203801cb982a60', exiting.
+SHRINK1_VP: INFO: found item with checksum 'aea2e3923af219a8956f626558ef32f30a914ebc', exiting
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/simple-cmp.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/simple-cmp.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..145a036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/simple-cmp.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SimpleCmpTest -seed=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/standalone.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/standalone.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3097b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/standalone.test
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-StandaloneInitializeTest %S/hi.txt %S/dict1.txt 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK: StandaloneFuzzTargetMain: running 2 inputs
+CHECK: Done:    {{.*}}hi.txt: (3 bytes)
+CHECK: Done:    {{.*}}dict1.txt: (61 bytes)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/swap-cmp.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/swap-cmp.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..908b798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/swap-cmp.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SwapCmpTest -seed=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/trace-malloc.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/trace-malloc.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c951479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/trace-malloc.test
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-TraceMallocTest -seed=1 -trace_malloc=1 -runs=10000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+CHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 0 0 (same)
+CHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 0 1 (DIFFERENT)
+CHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 1 0 (DIFFERENT)
+CHECK-DAG: MallocFreeTracer: STOP 1 1 (same)
+
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-TraceMallocTest -seed=1 -trace_malloc=2 -runs=1000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=TRACE2
+TRACE2-DAG: FREE[0]
+TRACE2-DAG: MALLOC[0]
+TRACE2-DAG: in LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ubsan/CMakeLists.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ubsan/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a9eacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ubsan/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# These tests are instrumented with ubsan in non-recovery mode.
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+  "${LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE} -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all")
+
+set(UbsanTests
+  SignedIntOverflowTest
+  )
+
+foreach(Test ${UbsanTests})
+  add_libfuzzer_test(${Test}-Ubsan SOURCES ../${Test}.cpp)
+endforeach()
+
+# Propagate value into parent directory
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} PARENT_SCOPE)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ulimit.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ulimit.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a60636c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/ulimit.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+RUN: ulimit -s 1000
+RUN: LLVMFuzzer-SimpleTest
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/uninstrumented/CMakeLists.txt b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/uninstrumented/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29b66e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/uninstrumented/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# These tests are not instrumented with coverage and don't
+# have coverage rt in the binary.
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+  "${LIBFUZZER_FLAGS_BASE} -fno-sanitize=all -fno-sanitize-coverage=edge,trace-cmp,indirect-calls,8bit-counters,trace-pc-guard")
+
+set(UninstrumentedTests
+  UninstrumentedTest
+  )
+
+foreach(Test ${UninstrumentedTests})
+  add_libfuzzer_test(${Test}-Uninstrumented SOURCES ../${Test}.cpp)
+endforeach()
+
+# Propagate value into parent directory
+set(TestBinaries ${TestBinaries} PARENT_SCOPE)
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.cfg b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cc3193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import lit.formats
+
+config.name = "LLVMFuzzer-Unittest"
+print config.test_exec_root
+config.test_format = lit.formats.GoogleTest(".", "Unittest")
+config.suffixes = []
+config.test_source_root = config.test_exec_root
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.site.cfg.in b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.site.cfg.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..114daf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/unit/lit.site.cfg.in
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+config.test_exec_root = "@CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR@"
+lit_config.load_config(config, "@CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@/unit/lit.cfg")
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48edba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SimpleCmpTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp2.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp2.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43d6240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp2.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SimpleHashTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp3.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp3.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a96276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp3.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-AbsNegAndConstantTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp4.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp4.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e7131e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-cmp4.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-AbsNegAndConstant64Test -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-div.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-div.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba45e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-div.test
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CHECK: AddressSanitizer: FPE
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-DivTest -seed=1 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-load.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-load.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14d3109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-load.test
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CHECK: AddressSanitizer: global-buffer-overflow
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-LoadTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-mem.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-mem.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09d737d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-mem.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SingleMemcmpTest -seed=1  -use_cmp=0 -use_memcmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-set.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-set.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d06c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-set.test
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-FourIndependentBranchesTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strcmp.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strcmp.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e7ef9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strcmp.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SingleStrcmpTest -seed=1  -use_cmp=0 -use_memcmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strncmp.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strncmp.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6509731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-strncmp.test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SingleStrncmpTest -seed=1 -use_cmp=0 -use_memcmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=10000000 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-switch.test b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-switch.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1947f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/Fuzzer/test/value-profile-switch.test
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CHECK: BINGO
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-SwitchTest  -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 -seed=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+RUN: not LLVMFuzzer-Switch2Test -use_cmp=0 -use_value_profile=1 -runs=100000000 -seed=1 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt b/test/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d67bb64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Viktor Kirilov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h b/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42eb039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6580 @@
+// ====================================================================== lgtm [cpp/missing-header-guard]
+// == DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE BY HAND - IT IS AUTO GENERATED BY CMAKE! ==
+// ======================================================================
+//
+// doctest.h - the lightest feature-rich C++ single-header testing framework for unit tests and TDD
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2021 Viktor Kirilov
+//
+// Distributed under the MIT Software License
+// See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// The documentation can be found at the library's page:
+// https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/blob/master/doc/markdown/readme.md
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+//
+// The library is heavily influenced by Catch - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// The concept of subcases (sections in Catch) and expression decomposition are from there.
+// Some parts of the code are taken directly:
+// - stringification - the detection of "ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const T&)" and StringMaker<>
+// - the Approx() helper class for floating point comparison
+// - colors in the console
+// - breaking into a debugger
+// - signal / SEH handling
+// - timer
+// - XmlWriter class - thanks to Phil Nash for allowing the direct reuse (AKA copy/paste)
+//
+// The expression decomposing templates are taken from lest - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == VERSION ======================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR 4
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH 6
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_STR "2.4.6"
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION                                                                            \
+    (DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR * 10000 + DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR * 100 + DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER VERSION =============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// ideas for the version stuff are taken from here: https://github.com/cxxstuff/cxx_detect
+
+#define DOCTEST_COMPILER(MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH) ((MAJOR)*10000000 + (MINOR)*100000 + (PATCH))
+
+// GCC/Clang and GCC/MSVC are mutually exclusive, but Clang/MSVC are not because of clang-cl...
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#if _MSC_VER == _MSC_FULL_VER / 10000
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 10000)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, (_MSC_FULL_VER / 100000) % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 100000)
+#endif // MSVC
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_minor__)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG DOCTEST_COMPILER(__clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) &&              \
+        !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC DOCTEST_COMPILER(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif // GCC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#ifndef DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS HELPERS ====================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(clang diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+
+#if DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(GCC diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) __pragma(warning(disable : w))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wctor-dtor-privacy")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-promo")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623) // default constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtr...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+// 4548 - expression before comma has no effect; expected expression with side - effect
+// 4265 - class has virtual functions, but destructor is not virtual
+// 4986 - exception specification does not match previous declaration
+// 4350 - behavior change: 'member1' called instead of 'member2'
+// 4668 - 'x' is not defined as a preprocessor macro, replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif'
+// 4365 - conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned long', signed/unsigned mismatch
+// 4774 - format string expected in argument 'x' is not a string literal
+// 4820 - padding in structs
+
+// only 4 should be disabled globally:
+// - 4514 # unreferenced inline function has been removed
+// - 4571 # SEH related
+// - 4710 # function not inlined
+// - 4711 # function 'x' selected for automatic inline expansion
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4548)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4265)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4986)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4350)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4668)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5105)
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// general compiler feature support table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support
+// MSVC C++11 feature support table: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh567368.aspx
+// GCC C++11 feature support table: https://gcc.gnu.org/projects/cxx-status.html
+// MSVC version table:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B#Internal_version_numbering
+// MSVC++ 14.2 (16) _MSC_VER == 1920 (Visual Studio 2019)
+// MSVC++ 14.1 (15) _MSC_VER == 1910 (Visual Studio 2017)
+// MSVC++ 14.0      _MSC_VER == 1900 (Visual Studio 2015)
+// MSVC++ 12.0      _MSC_VER == 1800 (Visual Studio 2013)
+// MSVC++ 11.0      _MSC_VER == 1700 (Visual Studio 2012)
+// MSVC++ 10.0      _MSC_VER == 1600 (Visual Studio 2010)
+// MSVC++ 9.0       _MSC_VER == 1500 (Visual Studio 2008)
+// MSVC++ 8.0       _MSC_VER == 1400 (Visual Studio 2005)
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) &&             \
+        !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // _WIN32
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#if !defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // no exceptions
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS && !DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((dllexport))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __attribute__((dllimport))
+#endif // MSVC
+#else  // _WIN32
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+
+#define DOCTEST_EMPTY
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x)
+#elif DOCTEST_CLANG && DOCTEST_CLANG < DOCTEST_COMPILER(3, 5, 0)
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x)
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#define DOCTEST_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#endif // DOCTEST_NORETURN
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+#define DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif // DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION END ========================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// internal macros for string concatenation and anonymous variable name generation
+#define DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2) s1##s2
+#define DOCTEST_CAT(s1, s2) DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2)
+#ifdef __COUNTER__ // not standard and may be missing for some compilers
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __COUNTER__)
+#else // __COUNTER__
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __LINE__)
+#endif // __COUNTER__
+
+#define DOCTEST_TOSTR(x) #x
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x&
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+
+// not using __APPLE__ because... this is how Catch does it
+#ifdef __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#elif defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(var)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wglobal-constructors")                              \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-variable")                                            \
+    static const int var DOCTEST_UNUSED // NOLINT(fuchsia-statically-constructed-objects,cert-err58-cpp)
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+// should probably take a look at https://github.com/scottt/debugbreak
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
+// Break at the location of the failing check if possible
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("int $3\n" : :) // NOLINT (hicpp-no-assembler)
+#else
+#include <signal.h>
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() raise(SIGTRAP)
+#endif
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC)
+#if defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386)
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("int $3\n" : :) // NOLINT (hicpp-no-assembler)
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("brk #0"); // NOLINT (hicpp-no-assembler)
+#endif
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wredundant-decls")
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ::DebugBreak()
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() (static_cast<void>(0))
+#endif // linux
+#endif // DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+
+// this is kept here for backwards compatibility since the config option was changed
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+// to detect if libc++ is being used with clang (the _LIBCPP_VERSION identifier)
+#include <ciso646>
+#endif // clang
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+#else // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace std {
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+
+// Forward declaring 'X' in namespace std is not permitted by the C++ Standard.
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4643)
+
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // NOLINT (cert-dcl58-cpp)
+typedef decltype(nullptr) nullptr_t;
+template <class charT>
+struct char_traits;
+template <>
+struct char_traits<char>;
+template <class charT, class traits>
+class basic_ostream;
+typedef basic_ostream<char, char_traits<char>> ostream;
+template <class... Types>
+class tuple;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+template <class _Ty>
+class allocator;
+template <class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+class basic_string;
+using string = basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
+#endif // VS 2019
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE extern bool is_running_in_test;
+
+// A 24 byte string class (can be as small as 17 for x64 and 13 for x86) that can hold strings with length
+// of up to 23 chars on the stack before going on the heap - the last byte of the buffer is used for:
+// - "is small" bit - the highest bit - if "0" then it is small - otherwise its "1" (128)
+// - if small - capacity left before going on the heap - using the lowest 5 bits
+// - if small - 2 bits are left unused - the second and third highest ones
+// - if small - acts as a null terminator if strlen() is 23 (24 including the null terminator)
+//              and the "is small" bit remains "0" ("as well as the capacity left") so its OK
+// Idea taken from this lecture about the string implementation of facebook/folly - fbstring
+// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPR8h4-qZdk
+// TODO:
+// - optimizations - like not deleting memory unnecessarily in operator= and etc.
+// - resize/reserve/clear
+// - substr
+// - replace
+// - back/front
+// - iterator stuff
+// - find & friends
+// - push_back/pop_back
+// - assign/insert/erase
+// - relational operators as free functions - taking const char* as one of the params
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE String
+{
+    static const unsigned len  = 24;      //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+    static const unsigned last = len - 1; //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+
+    struct view // len should be more than sizeof(view) - because of the final byte for flags
+    {
+        char*    ptr;
+        unsigned size;
+        unsigned capacity;
+    };
+
+    union
+    {
+        char buf[len];
+        view data;
+    };
+
+    bool isOnStack() const { return (buf[last] & 128) == 0; }
+    void setOnHeap();
+    void setLast(unsigned in = last);
+
+    void copy(const String& other);
+
+public:
+    String();
+    ~String();
+
+    // cppcheck-suppress noExplicitConstructor
+    String(const char* in);
+    String(const char* in, unsigned in_size);
+
+    String(const String& other);
+    String& operator=(const String& other);
+
+    String& operator+=(const String& other);
+    String  operator+(const String& other) const;
+
+    String(String&& other);
+    String& operator=(String&& other);
+
+    char  operator[](unsigned i) const;
+    char& operator[](unsigned i);
+
+    // the only functions I'm willing to leave in the interface - available for inlining
+    const char* c_str() const { return const_cast<String*>(this)->c_str(); } // NOLINT
+    char*       c_str() {
+        if(isOnStack())
+            return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf);
+        return data.ptr;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const;
+    unsigned capacity() const;
+
+    int compare(const char* other, bool no_case = false) const;
+    int compare(const String& other, bool no_case = false) const;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in);
+
+namespace Color {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None = 0,
+        White,
+        Red,
+        Green,
+        Blue,
+        Cyan,
+        Yellow,
+        Grey,
+
+        Bright = 0x10,
+
+        BrightRed   = Bright | Red,
+        BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+        LightGrey   = Bright | Grey,
+        BrightWhite = Bright | White
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code);
+} // namespace Color
+
+namespace assertType {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        // macro traits
+
+        is_warn    = 1,
+        is_check   = 2 * is_warn,
+        is_require = 2 * is_check,
+
+        is_normal      = 2 * is_require,
+        is_throws      = 2 * is_normal,
+        is_throws_as   = 2 * is_throws,
+        is_throws_with = 2 * is_throws_as,
+        is_nothrow     = 2 * is_throws_with,
+
+        is_false = 2 * is_nothrow,
+        is_unary = 2 * is_false, // not checked anywhere - used just to distinguish the types
+
+        is_eq = 2 * is_unary,
+        is_ne = 2 * is_eq,
+
+        is_lt = 2 * is_ne,
+        is_gt = 2 * is_lt,
+
+        is_ge = 2 * is_gt,
+        is_le = 2 * is_ge,
+
+        // macro types
+
+        DT_WARN    = is_normal | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK   = is_normal | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE = is_normal | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS    = is_throws | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS   = is_throws | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS = is_throws | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_AS    = is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS   = is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS = is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH    = is_throws_with | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH   = is_throws_with | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH = is_throws_with | is_require,
+        
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS    = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS   = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NOTHROW    = is_nothrow | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NOTHROW   = is_nothrow | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW = is_nothrow | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_EQ    = is_normal | is_eq | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_EQ   = is_normal | is_eq | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_EQ = is_normal | is_eq | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NE    = is_normal | is_ne | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NE   = is_normal | is_ne | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NE = is_normal | is_ne | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GT    = is_normal | is_gt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GT   = is_normal | is_gt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GT = is_normal | is_gt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LT    = is_normal | is_lt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LT   = is_normal | is_lt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LT = is_normal | is_lt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GE    = is_normal | is_ge | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GE   = is_normal | is_ge | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GE = is_normal | is_ge | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LE    = is_normal | is_le | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LE   = is_normal | is_le | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LE = is_normal | is_le | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY    = is_normal | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY   = is_normal | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY = is_normal | is_unary | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_require,
+    };
+} // namespace assertType
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file);
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseData
+{
+    String      m_file;       // the file in which the test was registered (using String - see #350)
+    unsigned    m_line;       // the line where the test was registered
+    const char* m_name;       // name of the test case
+    const char* m_test_suite; // the test suite in which the test was added
+    const char* m_description;
+    bool        m_skip;
+    bool        m_no_breaks;
+    bool        m_no_output;
+    bool        m_may_fail;
+    bool        m_should_fail;
+    int         m_expected_failures;
+    double      m_timeout;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE AssertData
+{
+    // common - for all asserts
+    const TestCaseData* m_test_case;
+    assertType::Enum    m_at;
+    const char*         m_file;
+    int                 m_line;
+    const char*         m_expr;
+    bool                m_failed;
+
+    // exception-related - for all asserts
+    bool   m_threw;
+    String m_exception;
+
+    // for normal asserts
+    String m_decomp;
+
+    // for specific exception-related asserts
+    bool        m_threw_as;
+    const char* m_exception_type;
+    const char* m_exception_string;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageData
+{
+    String           m_string;
+    const char*      m_file;
+    int              m_line;
+    assertType::Enum m_severity;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE SubcaseSignature
+{
+    String      m_name;
+    const char* m_file;
+    int         m_line;
+
+    bool operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IContextScope
+{
+    IContextScope();
+    virtual ~IContextScope();
+    virtual void stringify(std::ostream*) const = 0;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCase;
+} // namespace detail
+
+struct ContextOptions //!OCLINT too many fields
+{
+    std::ostream* cout;        // stdout stream - std::cout by default
+    std::ostream* cerr;        // stderr stream - std::cerr by default
+    String        binary_name; // the test binary name
+
+    const detail::TestCase* currentTest = nullptr;
+
+    // == parameters from the command line
+    String   out;       // output filename
+    String   order_by;  // how tests should be ordered
+    unsigned rand_seed; // the seed for rand ordering
+
+    unsigned first; // the first (matching) test to be executed
+    unsigned last;  // the last (matching) test to be executed
+
+    int abort_after;           // stop tests after this many failed assertions
+    int subcase_filter_levels; // apply the subcase filters for the first N levels
+
+    bool success;              // include successful assertions in output
+    bool case_sensitive;       // if filtering should be case sensitive
+    bool exit;                 // if the program should be exited after the tests are ran/whatever
+    bool duration;             // print the time duration of each test case
+    bool no_throw;             // to skip exceptions-related assertion macros
+    bool no_exitcode;          // if the framework should return 0 as the exitcode
+    bool no_run;               // to not run the tests at all (can be done with an "*" exclude)
+    bool no_version;           // to not print the version of the framework
+    bool no_colors;            // if output to the console should be colorized
+    bool force_colors;         // forces the use of colors even when a tty cannot be detected
+    bool no_breaks;            // to not break into the debugger
+    bool no_skip;              // don't skip test cases which are marked to be skipped
+    bool gnu_file_line;        // if line numbers should be surrounded with :x: and not (x):
+    bool no_path_in_filenames; // if the path to files should be removed from the output
+    bool no_line_numbers;      // if source code line numbers should be omitted from the output
+    bool no_debug_output;      // no output in the debug console when a debugger is attached
+    bool no_skipped_summary;   // don't print "skipped" in the summary !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+    bool no_time_in_output;    // omit any time/timestamps from output !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+
+    bool help;             // to print the help
+    bool version;          // to print the version
+    bool count;            // if only the count of matching tests is to be retrieved
+    bool list_test_cases;  // to list all tests matching the filters
+    bool list_test_suites; // to list all suites matching the filters
+    bool list_reporters;   // lists all registered reporters
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    template <bool CONDITION, typename TYPE = void>
+    struct enable_if
+    {};
+
+    template <typename TYPE>
+    struct enable_if<true, TYPE>
+    { typedef TYPE type; };
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference      { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&>  { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
+
+    template<typename T, typename U = T&&> U declval(int); 
+
+    template<typename T> T declval(long); 
+
+    template<typename T> auto declval() DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT -> decltype(declval<T>(0)) ;
+
+    template<class T> struct is_lvalue_reference { const static bool value=false; };
+    template<class T> struct is_lvalue_reference<T&> { const static bool value=true; };
+
+    template <class T>
+    inline T&& forward(typename remove_reference<T>::type& t) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return static_cast<T&&>(t);
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    inline T&& forward(typename remove_reference<T>::type&& t) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        static_assert(!is_lvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                        "Can not forward an rvalue as an lvalue.");
+        return static_cast<T&&>(t);
+    }
+
+    template<class T> struct remove_const          { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_const<const T> { typedef T type; };
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template<class T> struct is_enum : public std::is_enum<T> {};
+    template<class T> struct underlying_type : public std::underlying_type<T> {};
+#else
+    // Use compiler intrinsics
+    template<class T> struct is_enum { constexpr static bool value = __is_enum(T); };
+    template<class T> struct underlying_type { typedef __underlying_type(T) type; };
+#endif
+    // clang-format on
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct deferred_false
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
+    { static const bool value = false; };
+
+    namespace has_insertion_operator_impl {
+        std::ostream &os();
+        template<class T>
+        DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) val();
+
+        template<class, class = void>
+        struct check {
+            static constexpr bool value = false;
+        };
+
+        template<class T>
+        struct check<T, decltype(os() << val<T>(), void())> {
+            static constexpr bool value = true;
+        };
+    } // namespace has_insertion_operator_impl
+
+    template<class T>
+    using has_insertion_operator = has_insertion_operator_impl::check<const T>;
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream* getTlsOss(); // returns a thread-local ostringstream
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String getTlsOssResult();
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringMakerBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T)) {
+            return "{?}";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringMakerBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) in) {
+            *getTlsOss() << in;
+            return getTlsOssResult();
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String rawMemoryToString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) object) {
+        return rawMemoryToString(&object, sizeof(object));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const char* type_to_string() {
+        return "<>";
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker : public detail::StringMakerBase<detail::has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+{};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker<T*>
+{
+    template <typename U>
+    static String convert(U* p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename C>
+struct StringMaker<R C::*>
+{
+    static String convert(R C::*p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename detail::enable_if<!detail::is_enum<T>::value, bool>::type = true>
+String toString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) value) {
+    return StringMaker<T>::convert(value);
+}
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char* in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(bool in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(float in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double long in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char signed in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(std::nullptr_t in);
+
+template <typename T, typename detail::enable_if<detail::is_enum<T>::value, bool>::type = true>
+String toString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) value) {
+    typedef typename detail::underlying_type<T>::type UT;
+    return toString(static_cast<UT>(value));
+}
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const std::string& in);
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Approx
+{
+public:
+    explicit Approx(double value);
+
+    Approx operator()(double value) const;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Approx(const T& value,
+                    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type* =
+                            static_cast<T*>(nullptr)) {
+        *this = Approx(static_cast<double>(value));
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& epsilon(double newEpsilon);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type epsilon(
+            const T& newEpsilon) {
+        m_epsilon = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif //  DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& scale(double newScale);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type scale(
+            const T& newScale) {
+        m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX \
+    template <typename T> friend typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, bool>::type
+
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return operator==(double(lhs), rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+#undef DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+private:
+    double m_epsilon;
+    double m_scale;
+    double m_value;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const ContextOptions* getContextOptions();
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+namespace detail {
+    // clang-format off
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array       { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T, unsigned N>   struct decay_array<T[N]> { typedef T* type; };
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array<T[]>  { typedef T* type; };
+
+    template<class T>   struct not_char_pointer              { enum { value = 1 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<char*>       { enum { value = 0 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<const char*> { enum { value = 0 }; };
+
+    template<class T> struct can_use_op : public not_char_pointer<typename decay_array<T>::type> {};
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestFailureException
+    {
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at);
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void throwException();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Subcase
+    {
+        SubcaseSignature m_signature;
+        bool             m_entered = false;
+
+        Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line);
+        ~Subcase();
+
+        operator bool() const;
+    };
+
+    template <typename L, typename R>
+    String stringifyBinaryExpr(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const char* op,
+                               const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+        return toString(lhs) + op + toString(rhs);
+    }
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG && DOCTEST_CLANG < DOCTEST_COMPILER(3, 6, 0)
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wunused-comparison")
+#endif
+
+// This will check if there is any way it could find a operator like member or friend and uses it.
+// If not it doesn't find the operator or if the operator at global scope is defined after
+// this template, the template won't be instantiated due to SFINAE. Once the template is not
+// instantiated it can look for global operator using normal conversions.
+#define SFINAE_OP(ret,op) decltype(doctest::detail::declval<L>() op doctest::detail::declval<R>(),static_cast<ret>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(op, op_str, op_macro)                              \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE SFINAE_OP(Result,op) operator op(R&& rhs) {             \
+	    bool res = op_macro(doctest::detail::forward<L>(lhs), doctest::detail::forward<R>(rhs));                                                             \
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_false)                                                            \
+            res = !res;                                                                            \
+        if(!res || doctest::getContextOptions()->success)                                          \
+            return Result(res, stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, op_str, rhs));                             \
+        return Result(res);                                                                        \
+    }
+
+    // more checks could be added - like in Catch:
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1480/files
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1481/files
+#define DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(rt, op)                                                          \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    rt& operator op(const R&) {                                                                    \
+        static_assert(deferred_false<R>::value,                                                    \
+                      "Expression Too Complex Please Rewrite As Binary Comparison!");              \
+        return *this;                                                                              \
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Result
+    {
+        bool   m_passed;
+        String m_decomp;
+
+        Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition = String());
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ==)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, !=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |=)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39479163 what's the difference between 4018 and 4389
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4388) // signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4389) // 'operator' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4018) // 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    //DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4805) // 'operation' : unsafe mix of type 'type' and type 'type' in operation
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    // clang-format off
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE bool
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE typename enable_if<can_use_op<L>::value || can_use_op<R>::value, bool>::type
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+    inline bool eq(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) == String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ne(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) != String(rhs); }
+    inline bool lt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool gt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool le(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <= String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ge(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >= String(rhs); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(name, op)                                                            \
+    template <typename L, typename R>                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE name(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,                             \
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        return lhs op rhs;                                                                         \
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(eq, ==)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ne, !=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(lt, <)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(gt, >)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(le, <=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ge, >=)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) l == r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) l != r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) l > r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) l < r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) l >= r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) l <= r
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) eq(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) ne(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) gt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) lt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) ge(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) le(l, r)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+
+    template <typename L>
+    // cppcheck-suppress copyCtorAndEqOperator
+    struct Expression_lhs
+    {
+        L                lhs;
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        explicit Expression_lhs(L&& in, assertType::Enum at)
+                : lhs(doctest::detail::forward<L>(in))
+                , m_at(at) {}
+
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE operator Result() {
+// this is needed only foc MSVC 2015:
+// https://ci.appveyor.com/project/onqtam/doctest/builds/38181202
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4800) // 'int': forcing value to bool
+            bool res = static_cast<bool>(lhs);
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                res = !res;
+
+            if(!res || getContextOptions()->success)
+                return Result(res, toString(lhs));
+            return Result(res);
+        }
+
+	/* This is required for user-defined conversions from Expression_lhs to L */
+	//operator L() const { return lhs; }
+	operator L() const { return lhs; }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(==, " == ", DOCTEST_CMP_EQ) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(!=, " != ", DOCTEST_CMP_NE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>,  " >  ", DOCTEST_CMP_GT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<,  " <  ", DOCTEST_CMP_LT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>=, " >= ", DOCTEST_CMP_GE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<=, " <= ", DOCTEST_CMP_LE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |=)
+        // these 2 are unfortunate because they should be allowed - they have higher precedence over the comparisons, but the
+        // ExpressionDecomposer class uses the left shift operator to capture the left operand of the binary expression...
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG && DOCTEST_CLANG < DOCTEST_COMPILER(3, 6, 0)
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#endif
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ExpressionDecomposer
+    {
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at);
+
+        // The right operator for capturing expressions is "<=" instead of "<<" (based on the operator precedence table)
+        // but then there will be warnings from GCC about "-Wparentheses" and since "_Pragma()" is problematic this will stay for now...
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/870
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/565
+        template <typename L>
+	Expression_lhs<L> operator<<(L &&operand) {
+            return Expression_lhs<L>(doctest::detail::forward<L>(operand), m_at);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestSuite
+    {
+        const char* m_test_suite;
+        const char* m_description;
+        bool        m_skip;
+        bool        m_no_breaks;
+        bool        m_no_output;
+        bool        m_may_fail;
+        bool        m_should_fail;
+        int         m_expected_failures;
+        double      m_timeout;
+
+        TestSuite& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestSuite& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    typedef void (*funcType)();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCase : public TestCaseData
+    {
+        funcType m_test; // a function pointer to the test case
+
+        const char* m_type; // for templated test cases - gets appended to the real name
+        int m_template_id; // an ID used to distinguish between the different versions of a templated test case
+        String m_full_name; // contains the name (only for templated test cases!) + the template type
+
+        TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                 const char* type = "", int template_id = -1);
+
+        TestCase(const TestCase& other);
+
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+        TestCase& operator=(const TestCase& other);
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+        TestCase& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestCase& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const TestCase& other) const;
+    };
+
+    // forward declarations of functions used by the macros
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  regTest(const TestCase& tc);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool isDebuggerActive();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    int instantiationHelper(const T&) { return 0; }
+
+    namespace binaryAssertComparison {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            eq = 0,
+            ne,
+            gt,
+            lt,
+            ge,
+            le
+        };
+    } // namespace binaryAssertComparison
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template <int, class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator     { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L),     const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R)    ) const { return false;        } };
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(n, op) \
+    template <class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator<n, L, R> { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) const { return op(lhs, rhs); } };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(0, doctest::detail::eq)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(1, doctest::detail::ne)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(2, doctest::detail::gt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(3, doctest::detail::lt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(4, doctest::detail::ge)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(5, doctest::detail::le)
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ResultBuilder : public AssertData
+    {
+        ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                      const char* exception_type = "", const char* exception_string = "");
+
+        void setResult(const Result& res);
+
+        template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                            const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+            m_failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <typename L>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+            m_failed = !val;
+
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                m_failed = !m_failed;
+
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = toString(val);
+        }
+
+        void translateException();
+
+        bool log();
+        void react() const;
+    };
+
+    namespace assertAction {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            nothing     = 0,
+            dbgbreak    = 1,
+            shouldthrow = 2
+        };
+    } // namespace assertAction
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                         const char* expr, Result result);
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(decomp)                                                        \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!is_running_in_test) {                                                                  \
+            if(failed) {                                                                           \
+                ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                            \
+                rb.m_failed = failed;                                                              \
+                rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                              \
+                failed_out_of_a_testing_context(rb);                                               \
+                if(isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks)                          \
+                    DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                 \
+                if(checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                         \
+                    throwException();                                                              \
+            }                                                                                      \
+            return;                                                                                \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(decomp)                                                            \
+    ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                                        \
+    rb.m_failed = failed;                                                                          \
+    if(rb.m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)                                                \
+        rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                                      \
+    if(rb.log())                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    if(rb.m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                      \
+    throwException()
+
+    template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        bool failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+    }
+
+    template <typename L>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                       const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+        bool failed = !val;
+
+        if(at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            failed = !failed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(toString(val));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(toString(val));
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IExceptionTranslator
+    {
+        IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual bool translate(String&) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator //!OCLINT destructor of virtual class
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit ExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T))
+                : m_translateFunction(translateFunction) {}
+
+        bool translate(String& res) const override {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            try {
+                throw; // lgtm [cpp/rethrow-no-exception]
+                // cppcheck-suppress catchExceptionByValue
+            } catch(T ex) {                    // NOLINT
+                res = m_translateFunction(ex); //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            } catch(...) {}         //!OCLINT -  empty catch statement
+#endif                              // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            static_cast<void>(res); // to silence -Wunused-parameter
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        String (*m_translateFunction)(T);
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et);
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringStreamBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << toString(in);
+        }
+
+        // always treat char* as a string in this context - no matter
+        // if DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING is defined
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << String(in); }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringStreamBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << in;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringStream : public StringStreamBase<has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const T& value) {
+        StringStream<T>::convert(s, value);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in);
+
+    // ContextScope base class used to allow implementing methods of ContextScope 
+    // that don't depend on the template parameter in doctest.cpp.
+    class DOCTEST_INTERFACE ContextScopeBase : public IContextScope {
+    protected:
+        ContextScopeBase();
+
+        void destroy();
+    };
+
+    template <typename L> class ContextScope : public ContextScopeBase
+    {
+        const L lambda_;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ContextScope(const L &lambda) : lambda_(lambda) {}
+
+        ContextScope(ContextScope &&other) : lambda_(other.lambda_) {}
+
+        void stringify(std::ostream* s) const override { lambda_(s); }
+
+        ~ContextScope() override { destroy(); }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageBuilder : public MessageData
+    {
+        std::ostream* m_stream;
+
+        MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity);
+        MessageBuilder() = delete;
+        ~MessageBuilder();
+
+        // the preferred way of chaining parameters for stringification
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator,(const T& in) {
+            toStream(m_stream, in);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        // kept here just for backwards-compatibility - the comma operator should be preferred now
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator<<(const T& in) { return this->operator,(in); }
+
+        // the `,` operator has the lowest operator precedence - if `<<` is used by the user then
+        // the `,` operator will be called last which is not what we want and thus the `*` operator
+        // is used first (has higher operator precedence compared to `<<`) so that we guarantee that
+        // an operator of the MessageBuilder class is called first before the rest of the parameters
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator*(const T& in) { return this->operator,(in); }
+
+        bool log();
+        void react();
+    };
+    
+    template <typename L>
+    ContextScope<L> MakeContextScope(const L &lambda) {
+        return ContextScope<L>(lambda);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(name, type, def)                                                  \
+    struct name                                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                              \
+        type data;                                                                                 \
+        name(type in = def)                                                                        \
+                : data(in) {}                                                                      \
+        void fill(detail::TestCase& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }           \
+        void fill(detail::TestSuite& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }          \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(test_suite, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(description, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(skip, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(no_breaks, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(no_output, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(timeout, double, 0);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(may_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(should_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(expected_failures, int, 0);
+
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T)) {
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+    static detail::ExceptionTranslator<T> exceptionTranslator(translateFunction);
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    detail::registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(&exceptionTranslator);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// in a separate namespace outside of doctest because the DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE macro
+// introduces an anonymous namespace in which getCurrentTestSuite gets overridden
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite();
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*)(T)) {
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef void (*assert_handler)(const AssertData&);
+    struct ContextState;
+} // namespace detail
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Context
+{
+    detail::ContextState* p;
+
+    void parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults = false);
+
+public:
+    explicit Context(int argc = 0, const char* const* argv = nullptr);
+
+    ~Context();
+
+    void applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    void addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value);
+    void clearFilters();
+    void setOption(const char* option, int value);
+    void setOption(const char* option, const char* value);
+
+    bool shouldExit();
+
+    void setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases();
+
+    void setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah);
+
+    int run();
+};
+
+namespace TestCaseFailureReason {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None                     = 0,
+        AssertFailure            = 1,   // an assertion has failed in the test case
+        Exception                = 2,   // test case threw an exception
+        Crash                    = 4,   // a crash...
+        TooManyFailedAsserts     = 8,   // the abort-after option
+        Timeout                  = 16,  // see the timeout decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt = 32,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedAndDid   = 64,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        DidntFailExactlyNumTimes = 128, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        FailedExactlyNumTimes    = 256, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        CouldHaveFailedAndDid    = 512  // see the may_fail decorator
+    };
+} // namespace TestCaseFailureReason
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE CurrentTestCaseStats
+{
+    int    numAssertsCurrentTest;
+    int    numAssertsFailedCurrentTest;
+    double seconds;
+    int    failure_flags; // use TestCaseFailureReason::Enum
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseException
+{
+    String error_string;
+    bool   is_crash;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestRunStats
+{
+    unsigned numTestCases;
+    unsigned numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestSuitesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestCasesFailed;
+    int      numAsserts;
+    int      numAssertsFailed;
+};
+
+struct QueryData
+{
+    const TestRunStats*  run_stats = nullptr;
+    const TestCaseData** data      = nullptr;
+    unsigned             num_data  = 0;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IReporter
+{
+    // The constructor has to accept "const ContextOptions&" as a single argument
+    // which has most of the options for the run + a pointer to the stdout stream
+    // Reporter(const ContextOptions& in)
+
+    // called when a query should be reported (listing test cases, printing the version, etc.)
+    virtual void report_query(const QueryData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when the whole test run starts
+    virtual void test_run_start() = 0;
+    // called when the whole test run ends (caching a pointer to the input doesn't make sense here)
+    virtual void test_run_end(const TestRunStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is started (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_start(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case is reentered because of unfinished subcases (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case has ended
+    virtual void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when an exception is thrown from the test case (or it crashes)
+    virtual void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException&) = 0;
+
+    // called whenever a subcase is entered (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature&) = 0;
+    // called whenever a subcase is exited (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_end() = 0;
+
+    // called for each assert (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_assert(const AssertData&) = 0;
+    // called for each message (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_message(const MessageData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is skipped either because it doesn't pass the filters, has a skip decorator
+    // or isn't in the execution range (between first and last) (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+
+    // doctest will not be managing the lifetimes of reporters given to it but this would still be nice to have
+    virtual ~IReporter();
+
+    // can obtain all currently active contexts and stringify them if one wishes to do so
+    static int                         get_num_active_contexts();
+    static const IContextScope* const* get_active_contexts();
+
+    // can iterate through contexts which have been stringified automatically in their destructors when an exception has been thrown
+    static int           get_num_stringified_contexts();
+    static const String* get_stringified_contexts();
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef IReporter* (*reporterCreatorFunc)(const ContextOptions&);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int prio, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter);
+
+    template <typename Reporter>
+    IReporter* reporterCreator(const ContextOptions& o) {
+        return new Reporter(o);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Reporter>
+int registerReporter(const char* name, int priority, bool isReporter) {
+    detail::registerReporterImpl(name, priority, detail::reporterCreator<Reporter>, isReporter);
+    return 0;
+}
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// if registering is not disabled
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// common code in asserts - for convenience
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(b)                                                            \
+    if(b.log())                                                                                    \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    b.react()
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x) x;
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x)                                                                     \
+    try {                                                                                          \
+        x;                                                                                         \
+    } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...)                                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wuseless-cast")                                       \
+    static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...) __VA_ARGS__;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+
+// registers the test by initializing a dummy var with a function
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(global_prefix, f, decorators)                                    \
+    global_prefix DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =              \
+            doctest::detail::regTest(                                                              \
+                    doctest::detail::TestCase(                                                     \
+                            f, __FILE__, __LINE__,                                                 \
+                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite()) *                 \
+                    decorators);                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, decorators)                                     \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            void f();                                                                              \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        static void func() {                                                                       \
+            der v;                                                                                 \
+            v.f();                                                                                 \
+        }                                                                                          \
+        DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, func, decorators)                                 \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    inline DOCTEST_NOINLINE void der::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f();                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(f, proxy, decorators)                        \
+    static doctest::detail::funcType proxy() { return f; }                                         \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(inline const, proxy(), decorators)                                   \
+    static void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(decorators)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for registering tests in classes - requires C++17 for inline variables!
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L || (DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 12, 0) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(decorators)                                                        \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_),          \
+                                                  DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_PROXY_),         \
+                                                  decorators)
+#else // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(...)                                                               \
+    TEST_CASES_CAN_BE_REGISTERED_IN_CLASSES_ONLY_IN_CPP17_MODE_OR_WITH_VS_2017_OR_NEWER
+#endif // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(c, decorators)                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), c,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)                                                           \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline const char* type_to_string<__VA_ARGS__>() {                                             \
+        return "<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">";                                                               \
+    }
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...)                                                                \
+    namespace doctest { namespace detail {                                                         \
+            DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, iter, func)                                 \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func();                                                                            \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename Tuple>                                                                  \
+        struct iter;                                                                               \
+        template <typename Type, typename... Rest>                                                 \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<Type, Rest...>>                                                     \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char* file, unsigned line, int index) {                                     \
+                doctest::detail::regTest(doctest::detail::TestCase(func<Type>, file, line,         \
+                                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite(),   \
+                                            doctest::detail::type_to_string<Type>(),               \
+                                            int(line) * 1000 + index)                              \
+                                         * dec);                                                   \
+                iter<std::tuple<Rest...>>(file, line, index + 1);                                  \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        template <>                                                                                \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<>>                                                                  \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char*, unsigned, int) {}                                                    \
+        };                                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(dec, T, id)                                              \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR),                      \
+                                           DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_))
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, anon, ...)                                 \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_CAT(anon, DUMMY)) =                                         \
+        doctest::detail::instantiationHelper(DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR)<__VA_ARGS__>(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0));\
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, anon, ...)                                         \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(anon, ITERATOR), anon);             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(anon, anon, std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>)               \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void anon()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(dec, T, ...)                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)                                                                      \
+    if(const doctest::detail::Subcase & DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUBCASE_) DOCTEST_UNUSED = \
+               doctest::detail::Subcase(name, __FILE__, __LINE__))
+
+// for grouping tests in test suites by using code blocks
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, ns_name)                                               \
+    namespace ns_name { namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {                                   \
+            static DOCTEST_NOINLINE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {            \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4640)                                      \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")                \
+                DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wmissing-field-initializers")             \
+                static doctest::detail::TestSuite data{};                                          \
+                static bool                       inited = false;                                  \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                 \
+                DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                   \
+                if(!inited) {                                                                      \
+                    data* decorators;                                                              \
+                    inited = true;                                                                 \
+                }                                                                                  \
+                return data;                                                                       \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    namespace ns_name
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(decorators)                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUITE_))
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(decorators)                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * decorators);              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END                                                                     \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * "");                      \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering exception translators
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(translatorName, signature)                      \
+    inline doctest::String translatorName(signature);                                              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)) =                     \
+            doctest::registerExceptionTranslator(translatorName);                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    doctest::String translatorName(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_),       \
+                                               signature)
+
+// for registering reporters
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, true);                             \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering listeners
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, false);                            \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for logging
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(...)                                                                          \
+    DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_),  \
+                      __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(mb_name, s_name, ...)                                       \
+    auto DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_) = doctest::detail::MakeContextScope(                 \
+        [&](std::ostream* s_name) {                                                                \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb_name(__FILE__, __LINE__, doctest::assertType::is_warn); \
+        mb_name.m_stream = s_name;                                                                 \
+        mb_name * __VA_ARGS__;                                                                     \
+    })
+
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_INFO(#x " := ", x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(type, file, line, mb, ...)                                             \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb(file, line, doctest::assertType::type);                 \
+        mb * __VA_ARGS__;                                                                          \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(mb);                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_warn, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_check, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_require, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), __VA_ARGS__)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(...) DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(...) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE(...) __VA_ARGS__ // Not removed to keep backwards compatibility.
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,         \
+                                               __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                            \
+    DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.setResult(                                                     \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+            << __VA_ARGS__))                                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB)                                                      \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, __VA_ARGS__);                                      \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+// necessary for <ASSERT>_MESSAGE
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2 DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::decomp_assert(                                                                \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__,                    \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+                    << __VA_ARGS__) DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, assert_type, message, ...)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, #expr, #__VA_ARGS__, message);    \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(const typename doctest::detail::remove_const<                                  \
+                    typename doctest::detail::remove_reference<__VA_ARGS__>::type>::type&) {       \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.translateException();                                                  \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.m_threw_as = true;                                                     \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, expr_str, assert_type, ...)                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, expr_str, "", __VA_ARGS__);       \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(assert_type, ...)                                                   \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        try {                                                                                      \
+            DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(__VA_ARGS__)                                                      \
+        } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                         \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_WARN_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_CHECK_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS, "")
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_WARN_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_CHECK_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) do { DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comp, ...)                                              \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(                                                                       \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comp>(          \
+                        __VA_ARGS__))                                                              \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.unary_assert(__VA_ARGS__))                                 \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comparison, ...)                                        \
+    doctest::detail::binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comparison>(           \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    doctest::detail::unary_assert(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__,            \
+                                  #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == WHAT FOLLOWS IS VERSIONS OF THE MACROS THAT DO NOT DO ANY REGISTERING!                      ==
+// == THIS CAN BE ENABLED BY DEFINING DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE GLOBALLY!                            ==
+// =================================================================================================
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, name)                                           \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                           \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        { void f(); };                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    inline void der<DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, name)                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(name)                                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests in classes
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(name)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name)                                                         \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), x,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)
+
+// for typed tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, type, ...)                                                \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, type, id)                                          \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)
+
+// for a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(name) namespace
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline doctest::String DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) (static_cast<void>(0))
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+// clang-format off
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY - FORWARDING TO THE RIGHT MACROS
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ             DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ            DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE             DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE            DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT             DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT            DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT             DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT            DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE             DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE            DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE             DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE            DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY          DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY         DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY       DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE(id, ...) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id,__VA_ARGS__)
+// clang-format on
+
+// BDD style macros
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...)  DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("  Scenario: " name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("  Scenario: " name, T, id)
+
+#define DOCTEST_GIVEN(name)     DOCTEST_SUBCASE("   Given: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_WHEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    When: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_WHEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("And when: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_THEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    Then: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_THEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("     And: " name)
+// clang-format on
+
+// == SHORT VERSIONS OF THE MACROS
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES)
+
+#define TEST_CASE(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(name)
+#define TEST_CASE_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(name)
+#define TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name)
+#define TYPE_TO_STRING(...) DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id)
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SUBCASE(name) DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)
+#define TEST_SUITE(decorators) DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(decorators)
+#define TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name) DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name)
+#define TEST_SUITE_END DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END
+#define REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature) DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)
+#define REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter) DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter) DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define INFO(...) DOCTEST_INFO(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x)
+#define ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, ...) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define MESSAGE(...) DOCTEST_MESSAGE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAIL_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAIL(...) DOCTEST_FAIL(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define TO_LVALUE(...) DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define WARN(...) DOCTEST_WARN(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK(...) DOCTEST_CHECK(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define WARN_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, ...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define SCENARIO(name) DOCTEST_SCENARIO(name)
+#define SCENARIO_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS(name)
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...) DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id)
+#define GIVEN(name) DOCTEST_GIVEN(name)
+#define WHEN(name) DOCTEST_WHEN(name)
+#define AND_WHEN(name) DOCTEST_AND_WHEN(name)
+#define THEN(name) DOCTEST_THEN(name)
+#define AND_THEN(name) DOCTEST_AND_THEN(name)
+
+#define WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_WARN_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_WARN_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_WARN_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_WARN_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_WARN_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
+#define FAST_WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE(id, ...) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE(id, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// this is here to clear the 'current test suite' for the current translation unit - at the top
+DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END();
+
+// add stringification for primitive/fundamental types
+namespace doctest { namespace detail {
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(bool)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(float)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(signed char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned char)
+#if !DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(wchar_t)
+#endif // not MSVC or wchar_t support enabled
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long long int)
+}} // namespace doctest::detail
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#define DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT) || !defined(DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#include "doctest_fwd.h"
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wunused-macros")
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wglobal-constructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wshorten-64-to-32")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-variable-declarations")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wcovered-switch-default")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-noreturn")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdisabled-macro-expansion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-member-function")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnonportable-system-include-path")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-default")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmultiple-inheritance")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsuggest-attribute")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4267) // 'var' : conversion from 'x' to 'y', possible loss of data
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4530) // C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics not enabled
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4577) // 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774) // format string expected in argument is not a string literal
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365) // conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned', signed/unsigned mismatch
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding in structs
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039) // pointer to potentially throwing function passed to extern C
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045) // Spectre mitigation stuff
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4800) // forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtor...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN
+
+// required includes - will go only in one translation unit!
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <climits>
+// borland (Embarcadero) compiler requires math.h and not cmath - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/pull/37
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#include <math.h>
+#endif // __BORLANDC__
+#include <new>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// defines for a leaner windows.h
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif // WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
+
+// not sure what AfxWin.h is for - here I do what Catch does
+#ifdef __AFXDLL
+#include <AfxWin.h>
+#else
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+#include <io.h>
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// this is a fix for https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/348
+// https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2012-January/msg00000.html
+#if !defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined(STDOUT_FILENO)
+#define STDOUT_FILENO fileno(stdout)
+#endif // HAVE_UNISTD_H
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END
+
+// counts the number of elements in a C array
+#define DOCTEST_COUNTOF(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_disabled
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_not_disabled
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "dt-"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_THREAD_LANES
+#define DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_THREAD_LANES 32
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
+#define DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 64
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY ""
+#endif
+
+#if defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS
+#endif
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+bool is_running_in_test = false;
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // case insensitive strcmp
+    int stricmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        for(;; a++, b++) {
+            const int d = tolower(*a) - tolower(*b);
+            if(d != 0 || !*a)
+                return d;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << std::setprecision(precision) << std::fixed << value;
+        std::string d = oss.str();
+        size_t      i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+        if(i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+            if(d[i] == '.')
+                i++;
+            d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+        }
+        return d.c_str();
+    }
+
+    struct Endianness
+    {
+        enum Arch
+        {
+            Big,
+            Little
+        };
+
+        static Arch which() {
+            int x = 1;
+            // casting any data pointer to char* is allowed
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+            if(*ptr)
+                return Little;
+            return Big;
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num) { memcpy(dest, src, num); }
+
+    String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>(size), inc = 1;
+        if(Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little) {
+            i   = end - 1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned const char* bytes = static_cast<unsigned const char*>(object);
+        std::ostringstream   oss;
+        oss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for(; i != end; i += inc)
+            oss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+        return oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream g_oss; // NOLINT(cert-err58-cpp)
+
+    std::ostream* getTlsOss() {
+        g_oss.clear(); // there shouldn't be anything worth clearing in the flags
+        g_oss.str(""); // the slow way of resetting a string stream
+        //g_oss.seekp(0); // optimal reset - as seen here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return &g_oss;
+    }
+
+    String getTlsOssResult() {
+        //g_oss << std::ends; // needed - as shown here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return g_oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace timer_large_integer
+{
+    
+#if defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    typedef ULONGLONG type;
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    using namespace std;
+    typedef uint64_t type;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+}
+
+typedef timer_large_integer::type ticks_t;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() { return DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS(); }
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        static LARGE_INTEGER hz = {0}, hzo = {0};
+        if(!hz.QuadPart) {
+            QueryPerformanceFrequency(&hz);
+            QueryPerformanceCounter(&hzo);
+        }
+        LARGE_INTEGER t;
+        QueryPerformanceCounter(&t);
+        return ((t.QuadPart - hzo.QuadPart) * LONGLONG(1000000)) / hz.QuadPart;
+    }
+#else  // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        timeval t;
+        gettimeofday(&t, nullptr);
+        return static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_sec) * 1000000 + static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_usec);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct Timer
+    {
+        void         start() { m_ticks = getCurrentTicks(); }
+        unsigned int getElapsedMicroseconds() const {
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks);
+        }
+        //unsigned int getElapsedMilliseconds() const {
+        //    return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000);
+        //}
+        double getElapsedSeconds() const { return static_cast<double>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks) / 1000000.0; }
+
+    private:
+        ticks_t m_ticks = 0;
+    };
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS
+    template <typename T>
+    using AtomicOrMultiLaneAtomic = std::atomic<T>;
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS
+    // Provides a multilane implementation of an atomic variable that supports add, sub, load,
+    // store. Instead of using a single atomic variable, this splits up into multiple ones,
+    // each sitting on a separate cache line. The goal is to provide a speedup when most
+    // operations are modifying. It achieves this with two properties:
+    //
+    // * Multiple atomics are used, so chance of congestion from the same atomic is reduced.
+    // * Each atomic sits on a separate cache line, so false sharing is reduced.
+    //
+    // The disadvantage is that there is a small overhead due to the use of TLS, and load/store
+    // is slower because all atomics have to be accessed.
+    template <typename T>
+    class MultiLaneAtomic
+    {
+        struct CacheLineAlignedAtomic
+        {
+            std::atomic<T> atomic{};
+            char padding[DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE - sizeof(std::atomic<T>)];
+        };
+        CacheLineAlignedAtomic m_atomics[DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_THREAD_LANES];
+
+        static_assert(sizeof(CacheLineAlignedAtomic) == DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
+                      "guarantee one atomic takes exactly one cache line");
+
+    public:
+        T operator++() DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT { return fetch_add(1) + 1; }
+
+        T operator++(int) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT { return fetch_add(1); }
+
+        T fetch_add(T arg, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            return myAtomic().fetch_add(arg, order);
+        }
+
+        T fetch_sub(T arg, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            return myAtomic().fetch_sub(arg, order);
+        }
+
+        operator T() const DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT { return load(); }
+
+        T load(std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) const DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            auto result = T();
+            for(auto const& c : m_atomics) {
+                result += c.atomic.load(order);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        T operator=(T desired) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            store(desired);
+            return desired;
+        }
+
+        void store(T desired, std::memory_order order = std::memory_order_seq_cst) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            // first value becomes desired", all others become 0.
+            for(auto& c : m_atomics) {
+                c.atomic.store(desired, order);
+                desired = {};
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        // Each thread has a different atomic that it operates on. If more than NumLanes threads
+        // use this, some will use the same atomic. So performance will degrate a bit, but still
+        // everything will work.
+        //
+        // The logic here is a bit tricky. The call should be as fast as possible, so that there
+        // is minimal to no overhead in determining the correct atomic for the current thread.
+        //
+        // 1. A global static counter laneCounter counts continuously up.
+        // 2. Each successive thread will use modulo operation of that counter so it gets an atomic
+        //    assigned in a round-robin fashion.
+        // 3. This tlsLaneIdx is stored in the thread local data, so it is directly available with
+        //    little overhead.
+        std::atomic<T>& myAtomic() DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+            static std::atomic<size_t> laneCounter;
+            DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL size_t tlsLaneIdx =
+                    laneCounter++ % DOCTEST_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS_THREAD_LANES;
+
+            return m_atomics[tlsLaneIdx].atomic;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using AtomicOrMultiLaneAtomic = MultiLaneAtomic<T>;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_MULTI_LANE_ATOMICS
+
+    // this holds both parameters from the command line and runtime data for tests
+    struct ContextState : ContextOptions, TestRunStats, CurrentTestCaseStats
+    {
+        AtomicOrMultiLaneAtomic<int> numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+        AtomicOrMultiLaneAtomic<int> numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+        std::vector<std::vector<String>> filters = decltype(filters)(9); // 9 different filters
+
+        std::vector<IReporter*> reporters_currently_used;
+
+        assert_handler ah = nullptr;
+
+        Timer timer;
+
+        std::vector<String> stringifiedContexts; // logging from INFO() due to an exception
+
+        // stuff for subcases
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature>     subcasesStack;
+        std::set<decltype(subcasesStack)> subcasesPassed;
+        int                               subcasesCurrentMaxLevel;
+        bool                              should_reenter;
+        std::atomic<bool>                 shouldLogCurrentException;
+
+        void resetRunData() {
+            numTestCases                = 0;
+            numTestCasesPassingFilters  = 0;
+            numTestSuitesPassingFilters = 0;
+            numTestCasesFailed          = 0;
+            numAsserts                  = 0;
+            numAssertsFailed            = 0;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = 0;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = 0;
+        }
+
+        void finalizeTestCaseData() {
+            seconds = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+
+            // update the non-atomic counters
+            numAsserts += numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailed += numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+            if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+
+            if(Approx(currentTest->m_timeout).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) != 0 &&
+               Approx(seconds).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) > currentTest->m_timeout)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout;
+
+            if(currentTest->m_should_fail) {
+                if(failure_flags) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt;
+                }
+            } else if(failure_flags && currentTest->m_may_fail) {
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+            } else if(currentTest->m_expected_failures > 0) {
+                if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest == currentTest->m_expected_failures) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool ok_to_fail = (TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes & failure_flags);
+
+            // if any subcase has failed - the whole test case has failed
+            if(failure_flags && !ok_to_fail)
+                numTestCasesFailed++;
+        }
+    };
+
+    ContextState* g_cs = nullptr;
+
+    // used to avoid locks for the debug output
+    // TODO: figure out if this is indeed necessary/correct - seems like either there still
+    // could be a race or that there wouldn't be a race even if using the context directly
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL bool g_no_colors;
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+} // namespace detail
+
+void String::setOnHeap() { *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buf[last]) = 128; }
+void String::setLast(unsigned in) { buf[last] = char(in); }
+
+void String::copy(const String& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(other.isOnStack()) {
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = other.data.size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, other.data.ptr, data.size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String() {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    setLast();
+}
+
+String::~String() {
+    if(!isOnStack())
+        delete[] data.ptr;
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+}
+
+String::String(const char* in)
+        : String(in, strlen(in)) {}
+
+String::String(const char* in, unsigned in_size) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(in_size <= last) {
+        memcpy(buf, in, in_size);
+        buf[in_size] = '\0';
+        setLast(last - in_size);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = in_size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, in, in_size);
+        data.ptr[in_size] = '\0';
+    }
+}
+
+String::String(const String& other) { copy(other); }
+
+String& String::operator=(const String& other) {
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+
+        copy(other);
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String& String::operator+=(const String& other) {
+    const unsigned my_old_size = size();
+    const unsigned other_size  = other.size();
+    const unsigned total_size  = my_old_size + other_size;
+    using namespace std;
+    if(isOnStack()) {
+        if(total_size < len) {
+            // append to the current stack space
+            memcpy(buf + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+            setLast(last - total_size);
+        } else {
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[total_size + 1];
+            // copy current data to new location before writing in the union
+            memcpy(temp, buf, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // update data in union
+            setOnHeap();
+            data.size     = total_size;
+            data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+            data.ptr      = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if(data.capacity > total_size) {
+            // append to the current heap block
+            data.size = total_size;
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        } else {
+            // resize
+            data.capacity *= 2;
+            if(data.capacity <= total_size)
+                data.capacity = total_size + 1;
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[data.capacity];
+            // copy current data to new location before releasing it
+            memcpy(temp, data.ptr, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // release old chunk
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+            // update the rest of the union members
+            data.size = total_size;
+            data.ptr  = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+String String::operator+(const String& other) const { return String(*this) += other; }
+
+String::String(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    other.buf[0] = '\0';
+    other.setLast();
+}
+
+String& String::operator=(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+        other.buf[0] = '\0';
+        other.setLast();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+char String::operator[](unsigned i) const {
+    return const_cast<String*>(this)->operator[](i); // NOLINT
+}
+
+char& String::operator[](unsigned i) {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf)[i];
+    return data.ptr[i];
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+unsigned String::size() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return last - (unsigned(buf[last]) & 31); // using "last" would work only if "len" is 32
+    return data.size;
+}
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+unsigned String::capacity() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return len;
+    return data.capacity;
+}
+
+int String::compare(const char* other, bool no_case) const {
+    if(no_case)
+        return doctest::stricmp(c_str(), other);
+    return std::strcmp(c_str(), other);
+}
+
+int String::compare(const String& other, bool no_case) const {
+    return compare(other.c_str(), no_case);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0; }
+bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0; }
+bool operator< (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0; }
+bool operator> (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0; }
+bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) < 0 : true; }
+bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) > 0 : true; }
+// clang-format on
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in) { return s << in.c_str(); }
+
+namespace {
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream&, Color::Enum) DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED({}, ;)
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Color {
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        color_to_stream(s, code);
+        return s;
+    }
+} // namespace Color
+
+// clang-format off
+const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4062) // enum 'x' in switch of enum 'y' is not handled
+    switch(at) {  //!OCLINT missing default in switch statements
+        case assertType::DT_WARN                    : return "WARN";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK                   : return "CHECK";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE                 : return "REQUIRE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_FALSE              : return "WARN_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_FALSE             : return "CHECK_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_FALSE           : return "REQUIRE_FALSE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS             : return "WARN_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS            : return "CHECK_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS          : return "REQUIRE_THROWS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_AS          : return "WARN_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS         : return "CHECK_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS       : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH        : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH       : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH     : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS     : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS    : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS  : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NOTHROW            : return "WARN_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NOTHROW           : return "CHECK_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW         : return "REQUIRE_NOTHROW";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_EQ                 : return "WARN_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_EQ                : return "CHECK_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_EQ              : return "REQUIRE_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NE                 : return "WARN_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NE                : return "CHECK_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NE              : return "REQUIRE_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GT                 : return "WARN_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GT                : return "CHECK_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GT              : return "REQUIRE_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LT                 : return "WARN_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LT                : return "CHECK_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LT              : return "REQUIRE_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GE                 : return "WARN_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GE                : return "CHECK_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GE              : return "REQUIRE_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LE                 : return "WARN_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LE                : return "CHECK_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LE              : return "REQUIRE_LE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY              : return "WARN_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY             : return "CHECK_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY           : return "REQUIRE_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE        : return "WARN_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE       : return "CHECK_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE     : return "REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE";
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    return "";
+}
+// clang-format on
+
+const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    if(at & assertType::is_warn) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "WARNING";
+    if(at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "ERROR";
+    if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "FATAL ERROR";
+    return "";
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+// depending on the current options this will remove the path of filenames
+const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file) {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+    if(getContextOptions()->no_path_in_filenames) {
+        auto back    = std::strrchr(file, '\\');
+        auto forward = std::strrchr(file, '/');
+        if(back || forward) {
+            if(back > forward)
+                forward = back;
+            return forward + 1;
+        }
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+    return file;
+}
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+bool SubcaseSignature::operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const {
+    if(m_line != other.m_line)
+        return m_line < other.m_line;
+    if(std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) != 0)
+        return std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) < 0;
+    return m_name.compare(other.m_name) < 0;
+}
+
+IContextScope::IContextScope()  = default;
+IContextScope::~IContextScope() = default;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(char* in) { return toString(static_cast<const char*>(in)); }
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+String toString(const char* in) { return String("\"") + (in ? in : "{null string}") + "\""; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(bool in) { return in ? "true" : "false"; }
+String toString(float in) { return fpToString(in, 5) + "f"; }
+String toString(double in) { return fpToString(in, 10); }
+String toString(double long in) { return fpToString(in, 15); }
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(type, fmt)                                                      \
+    String toString(type in) {                                                                     \
+        char buf[64];                                                                              \
+        std::sprintf(buf, fmt, in);                                                                \
+        return buf;                                                                                \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char signed, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long, "%ld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long unsigned, "%lu")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long, "%lld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long unsigned, "%llu")
+
+String toString(std::nullptr_t) { return "NULL"; }
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+String toString(const std::string& in) { return in.c_str(); }
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+Approx::Approx(double value)
+        : m_epsilon(static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) * 100)
+        , m_scale(1.0)
+        , m_value(value) {}
+
+Approx Approx::operator()(double value) const {
+    Approx approx(value);
+    approx.epsilon(m_epsilon);
+    approx.scale(m_scale);
+    return approx;
+}
+
+Approx& Approx::epsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+    m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    return *this;
+}
+Approx& Approx::scale(double newScale) {
+    m_scale = newScale;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) {
+    // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
+    return std::fabs(lhs - rhs.m_value) <
+           rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + std::max<double>(std::fabs(lhs), std::fabs(rhs.m_value)));
+}
+bool operator==(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+bool operator!=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator<(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+
+String toString(const Approx& in) {
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+    return String("Approx( ") + doctest::toString(in.m_value) + " )";
+}
+const ContextOptions* getContextOptions() { return DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(nullptr, g_cs); }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+namespace doctest {
+Context::Context(int, const char* const*) {}
+Context::~Context() = default;
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int, const char* const*) {}
+void Context::addFilter(const char*, const char*) {}
+void Context::clearFilters() {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, int) {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, const char*) {}
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return false; }
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() {}
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler) {}
+int  Context::run() { return 0; }
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int                         IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return 0; }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+int                         IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return 0; }
+const String*               IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+
+int registerReporter(const char*, int, IReporter*) { return 0; }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE)
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI)
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS && DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+// holds the current test suite
+doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {
+    static doctest::detail::TestSuite data{};
+    return data;
+}
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+namespace {
+    // the int (priority) is part of the key for automatic sorting - sadly one can register a
+    // reporter with a duplicate name and a different priority but hopefully that won't happen often :|
+    typedef std::map<std::pair<int, String>, reporterCreatorFunc> reporterMap;
+
+    reporterMap& getReporters() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+    reporterMap& getListeners() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+#define DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(function, ...)                                           \
+    for(auto& curr_rep : g_cs->reporters_currently_used)                                           \
+    curr_rep->function(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+    bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            return true;
+
+        if((at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+           && getContextOptions()->abort_after > 0 &&
+           (g_cs->numAssertsFailed + g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic) >=
+                   getContextOptions()->abort_after)
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throwException() {
+        g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+        throw TestFailureException();
+    } // NOLINT(cert-err60-cpp)
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    void throwException() {}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+} // namespace detail
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // matching of a string against a wildcard mask (case sensitivity configurable) taken from
+    // https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1088/Wildcard-string-compare-globbing
+    int wildcmp(const char* str, const char* wild, bool caseSensitive) {
+        const char* cp = str;
+        const char* mp = wild;
+
+        while((*str) && (*wild != '*')) {
+            if((caseSensitive ? (*wild != *str) : (tolower(*wild) != tolower(*str))) &&
+               (*wild != '?')) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            wild++;
+            str++;
+        }
+
+        while(*str) {
+            if(*wild == '*') {
+                if(!*++wild) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                mp = wild;
+                cp = str + 1;
+            } else if((caseSensitive ? (*wild == *str) : (tolower(*wild) == tolower(*str))) ||
+                      (*wild == '?')) {
+                wild++;
+                str++;
+            } else {
+                wild = mp;   //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                str  = cp++; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+            }
+        }
+
+        while(*wild == '*') {
+            wild++;
+        }
+        return !*wild;
+    }
+
+    //// C string hash function (djb2) - taken from http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html
+    //unsigned hashStr(unsigned const char* str) {
+    //    unsigned long hash = 5381;
+    //    char          c;
+    //    while((c = *str++))
+    //        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; // hash * 33 + c
+    //    return hash;
+    //}
+
+    // checks if the name matches any of the filters (and can be configured what to do when empty)
+    bool matchesAny(const char* name, const std::vector<String>& filters, bool matchEmpty,
+                    bool caseSensitive) {
+        if(filters.empty() && matchEmpty)
+            return true;
+        for(auto& curr : filters)
+            if(wildcmp(name, curr.c_str(), caseSensitive))
+                return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    Subcase::Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line)
+            : m_signature({name, file, line}) {
+        auto* s = g_cs;
+
+        // check subcase filters
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcase_filter_levels)) {
+            if(!matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[6], true, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+            if(matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[7], false, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+        }
+        
+        // if a Subcase on the same level has already been entered
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel)) {
+            s->should_reenter = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // push the current signature to the stack so we can check if the
+        // current stack + the current new subcase have been traversed
+        s->subcasesStack.push_back(m_signature);
+        if(s->subcasesPassed.count(s->subcasesStack) != 0) {
+            // pop - revert to previous stack since we've already passed this
+            s->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = s->subcasesStack.size();
+        m_entered = true;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_start, m_signature);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    Subcase::~Subcase() {
+        if(m_entered) {
+            // only mark the subcase stack as passed if no subcases have been skipped
+            if(g_cs->should_reenter == false)
+                g_cs->subcasesPassed.insert(g_cs->subcasesStack);
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L && (!defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) || __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 101200)
+            if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0
+#else
+            if(std::uncaught_exception()
+#endif
+            && g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException) {
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(
+                        test_case_exception, {"exception thrown in subcase - will translate later "
+                                              "when the whole test case has been exited (cannot "
+                                              "translate while there is an active exception)",
+                                              false});
+                g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+            }
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    Subcase::operator bool() const { return m_entered; }
+
+    Result::Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition)
+            : m_passed(passed)
+            , m_decomp(decomposition) {}
+
+    ExpressionDecomposer::ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at)
+            : m_at(at) {}
+
+    TestSuite& TestSuite::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_test_suite = in;
+        // clear state
+        m_description       = nullptr;
+        m_skip              = false;
+        m_no_breaks         = false;
+        m_no_output         = false;
+        m_may_fail          = false;
+        m_should_fail       = false;
+        m_expected_failures = 0;
+        m_timeout           = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                       const char* type, int template_id) {
+        m_file              = file;
+        m_line              = line;
+        m_name              = nullptr; // will be later overridden in operator*
+        m_test_suite        = test_suite.m_test_suite;
+        m_description       = test_suite.m_description;
+        m_skip              = test_suite.m_skip;
+        m_no_breaks         = test_suite.m_no_breaks;
+        m_no_output         = test_suite.m_no_output;
+        m_may_fail          = test_suite.m_may_fail;
+        m_should_fail       = test_suite.m_should_fail;
+        m_expected_failures = test_suite.m_expected_failures;
+        m_timeout           = test_suite.m_timeout;
+
+        m_test        = test;
+        m_type        = type;
+        m_template_id = template_id;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(const TestCase& other)
+            : TestCaseData() {
+        *this = other;
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26437)           // Do not slice
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator=(const TestCase& other) {
+        static_cast<TestCaseData&>(*this) = static_cast<const TestCaseData&>(other);
+
+        m_test        = other.m_test;
+        m_type        = other.m_type;
+        m_template_id = other.m_template_id;
+        m_full_name   = other.m_full_name;
+
+        if(m_template_id != -1)
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_name = in;
+        // make a new name with an appended type for templated test case
+        if(m_template_id != -1) {
+            m_full_name = String(m_name) + m_type;
+            // redirect the name to point to the newly constructed full name
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool TestCase::operator<(const TestCase& other) const {
+        // this will be used only to differentiate between test cases - not relevant for sorting
+        if(m_line != other.m_line)
+            return m_line < other.m_line;
+        const int name_cmp = strcmp(m_name, other.m_name);
+        if(name_cmp != 0)
+            return name_cmp < 0;
+        const int file_cmp = m_file.compare(other.m_file);
+        if(file_cmp != 0)
+            return file_cmp < 0;
+        return m_template_id < other.m_template_id;
+    }
+
+    // all the registered tests
+    std::set<TestCase>& getRegisteredTests() {
+        static std::set<TestCase> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // for sorting tests by file/line
+    bool fileOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        // this is needed because MSVC gives different case for drive letters
+        // for __FILE__ when evaluated in a header and a source file
+        const int res = lhs->m_file.compare(rhs->m_file, bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        if(lhs->m_line != rhs->m_line)
+            return lhs->m_line < rhs->m_line;
+        return lhs->m_template_id < rhs->m_template_id;
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by suite/file/line
+    bool suiteOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_test_suite, rhs->m_test_suite);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return fileOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by name/suite/file/line
+    bool nameOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_name, rhs->m_name);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return suiteOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE g_stdoutHandle;
+    WORD   g_origFgAttrs;
+    WORD   g_origBgAttrs;
+    bool   g_attrsInitted = false;
+
+    int colors_init() {
+        if(!g_attrsInitted) {
+            g_stdoutHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+            g_attrsInitted = true;
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(g_stdoutHandle, &csbiInfo);
+            g_origFgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED |
+                                                     BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
+            g_origBgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED |
+                                                     FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int dumy_init_console_colors = colors_init();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        static_cast<void>(s);    // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE or DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        static_cast<void>(code); // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+        auto col = "";
+        // clang-format off
+            switch(code) { //!OCLINT missing break in switch statement / unnecessary default statement in covered switch statement
+                case Color::Red:         col = "[0;31m"; break;
+                case Color::Green:       col = "[0;32m"; break;
+                case Color::Blue:        col = "[0;34m"; break;
+                case Color::Cyan:        col = "[0;36m"; break;
+                case Color::Yellow:      col = "[0;33m"; break;
+                case Color::Grey:        col = "[1;30m"; break;
+                case Color::LightGrey:   col = "[0;37m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightRed:   col = "[1;31m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightGreen: col = "[1;32m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightWhite: col = "[1;37m"; break;
+                case Color::Bright: // invalid
+                case Color::None:
+                case Color::White:
+                default:                 col = "[0m";
+            }
+        // clang-format on
+        s << "\033" << col;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(fileno(stdout)) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+#define DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(x) SetConsoleTextAttribute(g_stdoutHandle, x | g_origBgAttrs)
+
+        // clang-format off
+        switch (code) {
+            case Color::White:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::Red:         DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED);                                      break;
+            case Color::Green:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN);                                    break;
+            case Color::Blue:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE);                                     break;
+            case Color::Cyan:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                  break;
+            case Color::Yellow:      DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                   break;
+            case Color::Grey:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(0);                                                   break;
+            case Color::LightGrey:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);                                break;
+            case Color::BrightRed:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);               break;
+            case Color::BrightGreen: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);             break;
+            case Color::BrightWhite: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::None:
+            case Color::Bright: // invalid
+            default:                 DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(g_origFgAttrs);
+        }
+            // clang-format on
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    }
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*>& getExceptionTranslators() {
+        static std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    String translateActiveException() {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        String res;
+        auto&  translators = getExceptionTranslators();
+        for(auto& curr : translators)
+            if(curr->translate(res))
+                return res;
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wcatch-value")
+        try {
+            throw;
+        } catch(std::exception& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        } catch(std::string& msg) {
+            return msg.c_str();
+        } catch(const char* msg) {
+            return msg;
+        } catch(...) {
+            return "unknown exception";
+        }
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+// clang-format on
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        return "";
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    // used by the macros for registering tests
+    int regTest(const TestCase& tc) {
+        getRegisteredTests().insert(tc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // sets the current test suite
+    int setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts) {
+        doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite() = ts;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE(); }
+#else // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+    class ErrnoGuard {
+    public:
+        ErrnoGuard() : m_oldErrno(errno) {}
+        ~ErrnoGuard() { errno = m_oldErrno; }
+    private:
+        int m_oldErrno;
+    };
+    // See the comments in Catch2 for the reasoning behind this implementation:
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/v2.13.1/include/internal/catch_debugger.cpp#L79-L102
+    bool isDebuggerActive() {
+        ErrnoGuard guard;
+        std::ifstream in("/proc/self/status");
+        for(std::string line; std::getline(in, line);) {
+            static const int PREFIX_LEN = 11;
+            if(line.compare(0, PREFIX_LEN, "TracerPid:\t") == 0) {
+                return line.length() > PREFIX_LEN && line[PREFIX_LEN] != '0';
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC)
+    // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+    // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+    // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+    // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+    bool isDebuggerActive() {
+        int        mib[4];
+        kinfo_proc info;
+        size_t     size;
+        // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+        // reason, we get a predictable result.
+        info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+        // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+        // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+        mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+        mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+        mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+        mib[3] = getpid();
+        // Call sysctl.
+        size = sizeof(info);
+        if(sysctl(mib, DOCTEST_COUNTOF(mib), &info, &size, 0, 0) != 0) {
+            std::cerr << "\nCall to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n";
+            return false;
+        }
+        // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+        return ((info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0);
+    }
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return ::IsDebuggerPresent() != 0; }
+#else
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+#endif // Platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+
+    void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et) {
+        if(std::find(getExceptionTranslators().begin(), getExceptionTranslators().end(), et) ==
+           getExceptionTranslators().end())
+            getExceptionTranslators().push_back(et);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << in; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in) { *s << std::boolalpha << in << std::noboolalpha; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in) { *s << in; }
+
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::vector<IContextScope*> g_infoContexts; // for logging with INFO()
+
+    ContextScopeBase::ContextScopeBase() {
+        g_infoContexts.push_back(this);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    // destroy cannot be inlined into the destructor because that would mean calling stringify after
+    // ContextScope has been destroyed (base class destructors run after derived class destructors).
+    // Instead, ContextScope calls this method directly from its destructor.
+    void ContextScopeBase::destroy() {
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L && (!defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) || __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 101200)
+        if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0) {
+#else
+        if(std::uncaught_exception()) {
+#endif
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            this->stringify(&s);
+            g_cs->stringifiedContexts.push_back(s.str().c_str());
+        }
+        g_infoContexts.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static void reset() {}
+        static void allocateAltStackMem() {}
+        static void freeAltStackMem() {}
+    };
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+    void reportFatal(const std::string&);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        DWORD id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+            {static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION),
+             "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+            {static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW), "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow"},
+            {static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION),
+             "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+            {static_cast<DWORD>(EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO), "Divide by zero error"},
+    };
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static LONG CALLBACK handleException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+            // Multiple threads may enter this filter/handler at once. We want the error message to be printed on the
+            // console just once no matter how many threads have crashed.
+            static std::mutex mutex;
+            static bool execute = true;
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+                if(execute) {
+                    bool reported = false;
+                    for(size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                        if(ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+                            reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+                            reported = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if(reported == false)
+                        reportFatal("Unhandled SEH exception caught");
+                    if(isDebuggerActive() && !g_cs->no_breaks)
+                        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+                }
+                execute = false;
+            }
+            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        static void allocateAltStackMem() {}
+        static void freeAltStackMem() {}
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            // 32k seems enough for doctest to handle stack overflow,
+            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+            // Register an unhandled exception filter
+            previousTop = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(handleException);
+            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+
+            // On Windows uncaught exceptions from another thread, exceptions from
+            // destructors, or calls to std::terminate are not a SEH exception
+
+            // The terminal handler gets called when:
+            // - std::terminate is called FROM THE TEST RUNNER THREAD
+            // - an exception is thrown from a destructor FROM THE TEST RUNNER THREAD
+            original_terminate_handler = std::get_terminate();
+            std::set_terminate([]() DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+                reportFatal("Terminate handler called");
+                if(isDebuggerActive() && !g_cs->no_breaks)
+                    DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+                std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // explicitly exit - otherwise the SIGABRT handler may be called as well
+            });
+
+            // SIGABRT is raised when:
+            // - std::terminate is called FROM A DIFFERENT THREAD
+            // - an exception is thrown from a destructor FROM A DIFFERENT THREAD
+            // - an uncaught exception is thrown FROM A DIFFERENT THREAD
+            prev_sigabrt_handler = std::signal(SIGABRT, [](int signal) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+                if(signal == SIGABRT) {
+                    reportFatal("SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal");
+                    if(isDebuggerActive() && !g_cs->no_breaks)
+                        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+                    std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // The following settings are taken from google test, and more
+            // specifically from UnitTest::Run() inside of gtest.cc
+
+            // the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs about crashes
+            prev_error_mode_1 = SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
+                                             SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
+            // This forces the abort message to go to stderr in all circumstances.
+            prev_error_mode_2 = _set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
+            // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
+            // offering a choice to debug the aborted program - we want to disable that.
+            prev_abort_behavior = _set_abort_behavior(0x0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
+            // In debug mode, the Windows CRT can crash with an assertion over invalid
+            // input (e.g. passing an invalid file descriptor). The default handling
+            // for these assertions is to pop up a dialog and wait for user input.
+            // Instead ask the CRT to dump such assertions to stderr non-interactively.
+            prev_report_mode = _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE | _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
+            prev_report_file = _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);
+        }
+
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+                SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTop);
+                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+                std::set_terminate(original_terminate_handler);
+                std::signal(SIGABRT, prev_sigabrt_handler);
+                SetErrorMode(prev_error_mode_1);
+                _set_error_mode(prev_error_mode_2);
+                _set_abort_behavior(prev_abort_behavior, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
+                static_cast<void>(_CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, prev_report_mode));
+                static_cast<void>(_CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ASSERT, prev_report_file));
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+
+    private:
+        static UINT         prev_error_mode_1;
+        static int          prev_error_mode_2;
+        static unsigned int prev_abort_behavior;
+        static int          prev_report_mode;
+        static _HFILE       prev_report_file;
+        static void (*prev_sigabrt_handler)(int);
+        static std::terminate_handler original_terminate_handler;
+        static bool isSet;
+        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+        static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTop;
+    };
+
+    UINT         FatalConditionHandler::prev_error_mode_1;
+    int          FatalConditionHandler::prev_error_mode_2;
+    unsigned int FatalConditionHandler::prev_abort_behavior;
+    int          FatalConditionHandler::prev_report_mode;
+    _HFILE       FatalConditionHandler::prev_report_file;
+    void (*FatalConditionHandler::prev_sigabrt_handler)(int);
+    std::terminate_handler FatalConditionHandler::original_terminate_handler;
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+    LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER FatalConditionHandler::previousTop = nullptr;
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        int         id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {{SIGINT, "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal"},
+                               {SIGILL, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+                               {SIGFPE, "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal"},
+                               {SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+                               {SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal"},
+                               {SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal"}};
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static bool             isSet;
+        static struct sigaction oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)];
+        static stack_t          oldSigStack;
+        static size_t           altStackSize;
+        static char*            altStackMem;
+
+        static void handleSignal(int sig) {
+            const char* name = "<unknown signal>";
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                SignalDefs& def = signalDefs[i];
+                if(sig == def.id) {
+                    name = def.name;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            reset();
+            reportFatal(name);
+            raise(sig);
+        }
+
+        static void allocateAltStackMem() {
+            altStackMem = new char[altStackSize];
+        }
+
+        static void freeAltStackMem() {
+            delete[] altStackMem;
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            stack_t sigStack;
+            sigStack.ss_sp    = altStackMem;
+            sigStack.ss_size  = altStackSize;
+            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+            struct sigaction sa = {};
+            sa.sa_handler       = handleSignal; // NOLINT
+            sa.sa_flags         = SA_ONSTACK;
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+                for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+                }
+                // Return the old stack
+                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool             FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)] = {};
+    stack_t          FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack = {};
+    size_t           FatalConditionHandler::altStackSize = 4 * SIGSTKSZ;
+    char*            FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem = nullptr;
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) ::OutputDebugStringA(text)
+#else
+    // TODO: integration with XCode and other IDEs
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-unused-macros)
+#endif // Platform
+
+    void addAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+    void addFailedAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    void reportFatal(const std::string& message) {
+        g_cs->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Crash;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception, {message.c_str(), true});
+
+        while(g_cs->subcasesStack.size()) {
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+
+        g_cs->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    ResultBuilder::ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                                 const char* exception_type, const char* exception_string) {
+        m_test_case        = g_cs->currentTest;
+        m_at               = at;
+        m_file             = file;
+        m_line             = line;
+        m_expr             = expr;
+        m_failed           = true;
+        m_threw            = false;
+        m_threw_as         = false;
+        m_exception_type   = exception_type;
+        m_exception_string = exception_string;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+        if(m_expr[0] == ' ') // this happens when variadic macros are disabled under MSVC
+            ++m_expr;
+#endif // MSVC
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::setResult(const Result& res) {
+        m_decomp = res.m_decomp;
+        m_failed = !res.m_passed;
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::translateException() {
+        m_threw     = true;
+        m_exception = translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+    bool ResultBuilder::log() {
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw;
+        } else if((m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) && (m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as || (m_exception != m_exception_string);
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_exception != m_exception_string;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_threw;
+        }
+
+        if(m_exception.size())
+            m_exception = String("\"") + m_exception + "\"";
+
+        if(is_running_in_test) {
+            addAssert(m_at);
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_assert, *this);
+
+            if(m_failed)
+                addFailedAssert(m_at);
+        } else if(m_failed) {
+            failed_out_of_a_testing_context(*this);
+        }
+
+        return m_failed && isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks &&
+            (g_cs->currentTest == nullptr || !g_cs->currentTest->m_no_breaks); // break into debugger
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::react() const {
+        if(m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(m_at))
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad) {
+        if(g_cs->ah)
+            g_cs->ah(ad);
+        else
+            std::abort();
+    }
+
+    void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                       Result result) {
+        bool failed = !result.m_passed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity) {
+        m_stream   = getTlsOss();
+        m_file     = file;
+        m_line     = line;
+        m_severity = severity;
+    }
+
+    IExceptionTranslator::IExceptionTranslator()  = default;
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+
+    bool MessageBuilder::log() {
+        m_string = getTlsOssResult();
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_message, *this);
+
+        const bool isWarn = m_severity & assertType::is_warn;
+
+        // warn is just a message in this context so we don't treat it as an assert
+        if(!isWarn) {
+            addAssert(m_severity);
+            addFailedAssert(m_severity);
+        }
+
+        return isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks && !isWarn &&
+            (g_cs->currentTest == nullptr || !g_cs->currentTest->m_no_breaks); // break into debugger
+    }
+
+    void MessageBuilder::react() {
+        if(m_severity & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::~MessageBuilder() = default;
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    template <typename Ex>
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw e;
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        std::cerr << "doctest will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                  << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+#define DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)                                                                \
+    throw_exception(std::logic_error(                                                              \
+            __FILE__ ":" DOCTEST_TOSTR(__LINE__) ": Internal doctest error: " msg))
+#endif // DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+
+    // clang-format off
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        std::string m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+            template<typename T>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = std::cout );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement();
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+        std::stringstream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text );
+
+        //void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+using uchar = unsigned char;
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    XmlEncode::XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat )
+    :   m_str( str ),
+        m_forWhat( forWhat )
+    {}
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            uchar c = m_str[idx];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    uchar nc = m_str[idx + n];
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (                 value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) || // removed "0x80 <= value &&" because redundant
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer )
+    :   m_writer( writer )
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ){
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if( m_writer )
+            m_writer->endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, indent );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while( !m_tags.empty() )
+            endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_indent += "  ";
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this );
+        startElement( name );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement() {
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+        }
+        m_os << std::endl;
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && attribute && attribute[0] != '\0' )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute ) {
+        m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if( tagWasOpen && indent )
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text );
+            m_needsNewline = true;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+    //    m_needsNewline = true;
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    //void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url ) {
+    //    m_os << "<?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\"" << url << "\"?>\n";
+    //}
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeBlankLine() {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << '\n';
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << ">" << std::endl;
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << std::endl;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// End of copy-pasted code from Catch
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct XmlReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        XmlReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto              contexts = get_active_contexts();
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&ss);
+                    xml.scopedElement("Info").writeText(ss.str());
+                    ss.str("");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        void test_case_start_impl(const TestCaseData& in) {
+            bool open_ts_tag = false;
+            if(tc != nullptr) { // we have already opened a test suite
+                if(std::strcmp(tc->m_test_suite, in.m_test_suite) != 0) {
+                    xml.endElement();
+                    open_ts_tag = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                open_ts_tag = true; // first test case ==> first test suite
+            }
+
+            if(open_ts_tag) {
+                xml.startElement("TestSuite");
+                xml.writeAttribute("name", in.m_test_suite);
+            }
+
+            tc = &in;
+            xml.startElement("TestCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line))
+                    .writeAttribute("description", in.m_description);
+
+            if(Approx(in.m_timeout) != 0)
+                xml.writeAttribute("timeout", in.m_timeout);
+            if(in.m_may_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("may_fail", true);
+            if(in.m_should_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("should_fail", true);
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            test_run_start();
+            if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Listener")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+                for(auto& curr : getReporters())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Reporter")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestCase").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_name)
+                        .writeAttribute("testsuite", in.data[i]->m_test_suite)
+                        .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.data[i]->m_file.c_str()))
+                        .writeAttribute("line", line(in.data[i]->m_line));
+                }
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestSuite").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_test_suite);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestSuites")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestSuitesPassingFilters);
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+            xml.startElement("doctest").writeAttribute("binary", binary_name);
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            // only the consequential ones (TODO: filters)
+            xml.scopedElement("Options")
+                    .writeAttribute("order_by", opt.order_by.c_str())
+                    .writeAttribute("rand_seed", opt.rand_seed)
+                    .writeAttribute("first", opt.first)
+                    .writeAttribute("last", opt.last)
+                    .writeAttribute("abort_after", opt.abort_after)
+                    .writeAttribute("subcase_filter_levels", opt.subcase_filter_levels)
+                    .writeAttribute("case_sensitive", opt.case_sensitive)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_throw", opt.no_throw)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_skip", opt.no_skip);
+        }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            if(tc) // the TestSuite tag - only if there has been at least 1 test case
+                xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes", p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numAssertsFailed);
+
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numTestCasesFailed);
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            test_case_start_impl(in);
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    st.numAssertsCurrentTest - st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest);
+            if(opt.duration)
+                xml.writeAttribute("duration", st.seconds);
+            if(tc->m_expected_failures)
+                xml.writeAttribute("expected_failures", tc->m_expected_failures);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Exception")
+                    .writeAttribute("crash", e.is_crash)
+                    .writeText(e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("SubCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line));
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override { xml.endElement(); }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Expression")
+                    .writeAttribute("success", !rb.m_failed)
+                    .writeAttribute("type", assertString(rb.m_at))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(rb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Original").writeText(rb.m_expr);
+
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Exception").writeText(rb.m_exception.c_str());
+
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedException").writeText(rb.m_exception_type);
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedExceptionString").writeText(rb.m_exception_string);
+            if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_normal) && !rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Expanded").writeText(rb.m_decomp.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Message")
+                    .writeAttribute("type", failureString(mb.m_severity))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(mb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(mb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Text").writeText(mb.m_string.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                test_case_start_impl(in);
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", "true");
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("xml", 0, XmlReporter);
+
+    void fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(std::ostream& s, const AssertData& rb) {
+        if((rb.m_at & (assertType::is_throws_as | assertType::is_throws_with)) ==
+            0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << " ) "
+                << Color::None;
+
+        if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "threw as expected!" : "did NOT throw at all!") << "\n";
+        } else if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) &&
+                    (rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\", " << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None;
+            if(rb.m_threw) {
+                if(!rb.m_failed) {
+                    s << "threw as expected!\n";
+                } else {
+                    s << "threw a DIFFERENT exception! (contents: " << rb.m_exception << ")\n";
+                }
+            } else {
+                s << "did NOT throw at all!\n";
+            }
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", "
+                << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (rb.m_threw_as ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\" ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (!rb.m_failed ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " : "didn't throw!") << Color::Cyan
+                << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else {
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " :
+                                (!rb.m_failed ? "is correct!\n" : "is NOT correct!\n"));
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                s << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+            else
+                s << "  values: " << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_decomp << " )\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    // - log_message()
+    // - respond to queries
+    // - honor remaining options
+    // - more attributes in tags
+    struct JUnitReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        Timer timer;
+        std::vector<String> deepestSubcaseStackNames;
+
+        struct JUnitTestCaseData
+        {
+            static std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+                // Beware, this is not reentrant because of backward compatibility issues
+                // Also, UTC only, again because of backward compatibility (%z is C++11)
+                time_t rawtime;
+                std::time(&rawtime);
+                auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+
+                std::tm timeInfo;
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &rawtime);
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                gmtime_r(&rawtime, &timeInfo);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+                char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+                const char* const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+                std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+                return std::string(timeStamp);
+            }
+
+            struct JUnitTestMessage
+            {
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _type, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(_type), details(_details) {}
+
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(), details(_details) {}
+
+                std::string message, type, details;
+            };
+
+            struct JUnitTestCase
+            {
+                JUnitTestCase(const std::string& _classname, const std::string& _name)
+                    : classname(_classname), name(_name), time(0), failures() {}
+
+                std::string classname, name;
+                double time;
+                std::vector<JUnitTestMessage> failures, errors;
+            };
+
+            void add(const std::string& classname, const std::string& name) {
+                testcases.emplace_back(classname, name);
+            }
+
+            void appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(std::vector<String> nameStack) {
+                for(auto& curr: nameStack)
+                    if(curr.size())
+                        testcases.back().name += std::string("/") + curr.c_str();
+            }
+
+            void addTime(double time) {
+                if(time < 1e-4)
+                    time = 0;
+                testcases.back().time = time;
+                totalSeconds += time;
+            }
+
+            void addFailure(const std::string& message, const std::string& type, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().failures.emplace_back(message, type, details);
+                ++totalFailures;
+            }
+
+            void addError(const std::string& message, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().errors.emplace_back(message, details);
+                ++totalErrors;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<JUnitTestCase> testcases;
+            double totalSeconds = 0;
+            int totalErrors = 0, totalFailures = 0;
+        };
+
+        JUnitTestCaseData testCaseData;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        JUnitReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData&) override {}
+
+        void test_run_start() override {}
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            xml.startElement("testsuites");
+            xml.startElement("testsuite").writeAttribute("name", binary_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("errors", testCaseData.totalErrors)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", testCaseData.totalFailures)
+                    .writeAttribute("tests", p.numAsserts);
+            if(opt.no_time_in_output == false) {
+                xml.writeAttribute("time", testCaseData.totalSeconds);
+                xml.writeAttribute("timestamp", JUnitTestCaseData::getCurrentTimestamp());
+            }
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("doctest_version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            for(const auto& testCase : testCaseData.testcases) {
+                xml.startElement("testcase")
+                    .writeAttribute("classname", testCase.classname)
+                    .writeAttribute("name", testCase.name);
+                if(opt.no_time_in_output == false)
+                    xml.writeAttribute("time", testCase.time);
+                // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's junit output.
+                xml.writeAttribute("status", "run");
+
+                for(const auto& failure : testCase.failures) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("failure")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", failure.message)
+                        .writeAttribute("type", failure.type)
+                        .writeText(failure.details, false);
+                }
+
+                for(const auto& error : testCase.errors) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("error")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", error.message)
+                        .writeText(error.details);
+                }
+
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+            timer.start();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+
+            timer.start();
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            testCaseData.addError("exception", e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.push_back(in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {}
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed) // report only failures & ignore the `success` option
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+              << line(rb.m_line) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << std::endl;
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(os, rb);
+            log_contexts(os);
+            testCaseData.addFailure(rb.m_decomp.c_str(), assertString(rb.m_at), os.str());
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+
+        void log_contexts(std::ostringstream& s) {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto contexts = get_active_contexts();
+
+                s << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    s << (i == 0 ? "" : "          ");
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&s);
+                    s << std::endl;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("junit", 0, JUnitReporter);
+
+    struct Whitespace
+    {
+        int nrSpaces;
+        explicit Whitespace(int nr)
+                : nrSpaces(nr) {}
+    };
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Whitespace& ws) {
+        if(ws.nrSpaces != 0)
+            out << std::setw(ws.nrSpaces) << ' ';
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    struct ConsoleReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        std::ostream&                 s;
+        bool                          hasLoggedCurrentTestStart;
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature> subcasesStack;
+        size_t                        currentSubcaseLevel;
+        std::mutex                    mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc;
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : s(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co, std::ostream& ostr)
+                : s(ostr)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE HELPERS USED BY THE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void separator_to_stream() {
+            s << Color::Yellow
+              << "==============================================================================="
+                 "\n";
+        }
+
+        const char* getSuccessOrFailString(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                           const char* success_str) {
+            if(success)
+                return success_str;
+            return failureString(at);
+        }
+
+        Color::Enum getSuccessOrFailColor(bool success, assertType::Enum at) {
+            return success ? Color::BrightGreen :
+                             (at & assertType::is_warn) ? Color::Yellow : Color::Red;
+        }
+
+        void successOrFailColoredStringToStream(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                                const char* success_str = "SUCCESS") {
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(success, at)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(success, at, success_str) << ": ";
+        }
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto contexts = get_active_contexts();
+
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    s << (i == 0 ? "" : "          ");
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&s);
+                    s << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+        }
+
+        // this was requested to be made virtual so users could override it
+        virtual void file_line_to_stream(const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* tail = "") {
+            s << Color::LightGrey << skipPathFromFilename(file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+            << (opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : line) // 0 or the real num depending on the option
+            << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << tail;
+        }
+
+        void logTestStart() {
+            if(hasLoggedCurrentTestStart)
+                return;
+
+            separator_to_stream();
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, "\n");
+            if(tc->m_description)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "DESCRIPTION: " << Color::None << tc->m_description << "\n";
+            if(tc->m_test_suite && tc->m_test_suite[0] != '\0')
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST SUITE: " << Color::None << tc->m_test_suite << "\n";
+            if(strncmp(tc->m_name, "  Scenario:", 11) != 0)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST CASE:  ";
+            s << Color::None << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < currentSubcaseLevel; ++i) {
+                if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                    s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+            }
+
+            if(currentSubcaseLevel != subcasesStack.size()) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "\nDEEPEST SUBCASE STACK REACHED (DIFFERENT FROM THE CURRENT ONE):\n" << Color::None;
+                for(size_t i = 0; i < subcasesStack.size(); ++i) {
+                    if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                        s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = true;
+        }
+
+        void printVersion() {
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "doctest version is \""
+                  << DOCTEST_VERSION_STR << "\"\n";
+        }
+
+        void printIntro() {
+            printVersion();
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "run with \"--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help\" for options\n";
+        }
+
+        void printHelp() {
+            int sizePrefixDisplay = static_cast<int>(strlen(DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY));
+            printVersion();
+            // clang-format off
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "boolean values: \"1/on/yes/true\" or \"0/off/no/false\"\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filter  values: \"str1,str2,str3\" (comma separated strings)\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filters use wildcards for matching strings\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "something passes a filter if any of the strings in a filter matches\n";
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "ALL FLAGS, OPTIONS AND FILTERS ALSO AVAILABLE WITH A \"" DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "\" PREFIX!!!\n";
+#endif
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Query flags - the program quits after them. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "?,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help, -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "h                      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*0) <<  "prints this message\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "v,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "version                       "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the version\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "c,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "count                         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the number of matching tests\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ltc, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-cases               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching tests by name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lts, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-suites              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching test suites\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-reporters                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all registered reporters\n\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "The available <int>/<string> options/filters are:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case-exclude=<filters>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sf,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file=<filters>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sfe, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file-exclude=<filters> "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ts,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite=<filters>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tse, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite-exclude=<filters>  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase=<filters>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-exclude=<filters>     "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "r,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "reporters=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "reporters to use (console is default)\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "o,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "out=<string>                  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "output filename\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ob,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "order-by=<string>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "how the tests should be ordered\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       <string> - [file/suite/name/rand/none]\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rand-seed=<int>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "seed for random ordering\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "f,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "first=<int>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the first test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "l,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "last=<int>                    "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the last test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "aa,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "abort-after=<int>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "stop after <int> failed assertions\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "scfl,--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-filter-levels=<int>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "apply filters for the first <int> levels\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Bool options - can be used like flags and true is assumed. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "s,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "success=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "include successful assertions in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "cs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "case-sensitive=<bool>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters being treated as case sensitive\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "e,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "exit=<bool>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "exits after the tests finish\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "d,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "duration=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the time duration of each test\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nt,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-throw=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips exceptions-related assert checks\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ne,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-exitcode=<bool>            "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "returns (or exits) always with success\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-run=<bool>                 "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips all runtime doctest operations\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nv,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-version=<bool>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "omit the framework version in the output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-colors=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables colors in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "fc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "force-colors=<bool>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "use colors even when not in a tty\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nb,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-breaks=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables breakpoints in debuggers\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ns,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-skip=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "don't skip test cases marked as skip\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gfl, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gnu-file-line=<bool>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << ":n: vs (n): for line numbers in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "npf, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-path-filenames=<bool>      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "only filenames and no paths in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nln, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-line-numbers=<bool>        "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "0 instead of real line numbers in output\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            // clang-format on
+
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "for more information visit the project documentation\n\n";
+        }
+
+        void printRegisteredReporters() {
+            printVersion();
+            auto printReporters = [this] (const reporterMap& reporters, const char* type) {
+                if(reporters.size()) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all registered " << type << "\n";
+                    for(auto& curr : reporters)
+                        s << "priority: " << std::setw(5) << curr.first.first
+                          << " name: " << curr.first.second << "\n";
+                }
+            };
+            printReporters(getListeners(), "listeners");
+            printReporters(getReporters(), "reporters");
+        }
+
+        void list_query_results() {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            if(opt.version) {
+                printVersion();
+            } else if(opt.help) {
+                printHelp();
+            } else if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                printRegisteredReporters();
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                if(opt.list_test_cases) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                      << "listing all test case names\n";
+                    separator_to_stream();
+                }
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_name << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all test suites\n";
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_test_suite << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override { printIntro(); }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            s << std::dec;
+
+            auto totwidth = int(std::ceil(log10((std::max(p.numTestCasesPassingFilters, static_cast<unsigned>(p.numAsserts))) + 1)));
+            auto passwidth = int(std::ceil(log10((std::max(p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed, static_cast<unsigned>(p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed))) + 1)));
+            auto failwidth = int(std::ceil(log10((std::max(p.numTestCasesFailed, static_cast<unsigned>(p.numAssertsFailed))) + 1)));
+            const bool anythingFailed = p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 || p.numAssertsFailed > 0;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "test cases: " << std::setw(totwidth)
+              << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters << " | "
+              << ((p.numTestCasesPassingFilters == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None :
+                                                                          Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(passwidth) << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed << " passed"
+              << Color::None << " | " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None)
+              << std::setw(failwidth) << p.numTestCasesFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " |";
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                const int numSkipped = p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+                s << " " << (numSkipped == 0 ? Color::None : Color::Yellow) << numSkipped
+                  << " skipped" << Color::None;
+            }
+            s << "\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "assertions: " << std::setw(totwidth)
+              << p.numAsserts << " | "
+              << ((p.numAsserts == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None : Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(passwidth) << (p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed) << " passed" << Color::None
+              << " | " << (p.numAssertsFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None) << std::setw(failwidth)
+              << p.numAssertsFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " |\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "Status: " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::Green)
+              << ((p.numTestCasesFailed > 0) ? "FAILURE!" : "SUCCESS!") << Color::None << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+            tc                        = &in;
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+            currentSubcaseLevel = 0;
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            if(tc->m_no_output)
+                return;
+
+            // log the preamble of the test case only if there is something
+            // else to print - something other than that an assert has failed
+            if(opt.duration ||
+               (st.failure_flags && st.failure_flags != TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure))
+                logTestStart();
+
+            if(opt.duration)
+                s << Color::None << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << st.seconds
+                  << " s: " << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout)
+                s << Color::Red << "Test case exceeded time limit of " << std::setprecision(6)
+                  << std::fixed << tc->m_timeout << "!\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Should have failed but didn't! Marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed as expected so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Allowed to fail so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Didn't fail exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times so marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times as expected so marking it as not failed!\n";
+            }
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Aborting - too many failed asserts!\n";
+            }
+            s << Color::None; // lgtm [cpp/useless-expression]
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            if(tc->m_no_output)
+                return;
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(false, e.is_crash ? assertType::is_require :
+                                                                   assertType::is_check);
+            s << Color::Red << (e.is_crash ? "test case CRASHED: " : "test case THREW exception: ")
+              << Color::Cyan << e.error_string << "\n";
+
+            int num_stringified_contexts = get_num_stringified_contexts();
+            if(num_stringified_contexts) {
+                auto stringified_contexts = get_stringified_contexts();
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = num_stringified_contexts; i > 0; --i) {
+                    s << (i == num_stringified_contexts ? "" : "          ")
+                      << stringified_contexts[i - 1] << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+            s << "\n" << Color::None;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& subc) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            subcasesStack.push_back(subc);
+            ++currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            --currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if((!rb.m_failed && !opt.success) || tc->m_no_output)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(rb.m_file, rb.m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(!rb.m_failed, rb.m_at);
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(s, rb);
+
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            if(tc->m_no_output)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(mb.m_file, mb.m_line, " ");
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(false, mb.m_severity)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(mb.m_severity & assertType::is_warn, mb.m_severity,
+                                        "MESSAGE") << ": ";
+            s << Color::None << mb.m_string << "\n";
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("console", 0, ConsoleReporter);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    struct DebugOutputWindowReporter : public ConsoleReporter
+    {
+        DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL static std::ostringstream oss;
+
+        DebugOutputWindowReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : ConsoleReporter(co, oss) {}
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(func, type, arg)                                    \
+    void func(type arg) override {                                                                 \
+        bool with_col = g_no_colors;                                                               \
+        g_no_colors   = false;                                                                     \
+        ConsoleReporter::func(arg);                                                                \
+        if(oss.tellp() != std::streampos{}) {                                                      \
+            DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(oss.str().c_str());                                        \
+            oss.str("");                                                                           \
+        }                                                                                          \
+        g_no_colors = with_col;                                                                    \
+    }
+
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_end, const TestRunStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_start, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_reenter, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_end, const CurrentTestCaseStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_exception, const TestCaseException&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_start, const SubcaseSignature&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_assert, const AssertData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_message, const MessageData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_skipped, const TestCaseData&, in)
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream DebugOutputWindowReporter::oss;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // the implementation of parseOption()
+    bool parseOptionImpl(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value) {
+        // going from the end to the beginning and stopping on the first occurrence from the end
+        for(int i = argc; i > 0; --i) {
+            auto index = i - 1;
+            auto temp = std::strstr(argv[index], pattern);
+            if(temp && (value || strlen(temp) == strlen(pattern))) { //!OCLINT prefer early exits and continue
+                // eliminate matches in which the chars before the option are not '-'
+                bool noBadCharsFound = true;
+                auto curr            = argv[index];
+                while(curr != temp) {
+                    if(*curr++ != '-') {
+                        noBadCharsFound = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if(noBadCharsFound && argv[index][0] == '-') {
+                    if(value) {
+                        // parsing the value of an option
+                        temp += strlen(pattern);
+                        const unsigned len = strlen(temp);
+                        if(len) {
+                            *value = temp;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // just a flag - no value
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // parses an option and returns the string after the '=' character
+    bool parseOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value = nullptr,
+                     const String& defaultVal = String()) {
+        if(value)
+            *value = defaultVal;
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        // offset (normally 3 for "dt-") to skip prefix
+        if(parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern + strlen(DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX), value))
+            return true;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        return parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern, value);
+    }
+
+    // locates a flag on the command line
+    bool parseFlag(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern) {
+        return parseOption(argc, argv, pattern);
+    }
+
+    // parses a comma separated list of words after a pattern in one of the arguments in argv
+    bool parseCommaSepArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern,
+                           std::vector<String>& res) {
+        String filtersString;
+        if(parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &filtersString)) {
+            // tokenize with "," as a separator
+            // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+            auto pch = std::strtok(filtersString.c_str(), ","); // modifies the string
+            while(pch != nullptr) {
+                if(strlen(pch))
+                    res.push_back(pch);
+                // uses the strtok() internal state to go to the next token
+                // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+                pch = std::strtok(nullptr, ",");
+            }
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    enum optionType
+    {
+        option_bool,
+        option_int
+    };
+
+    // parses an int/bool option from the command line
+    bool parseIntOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, optionType type,
+                        int& res) {
+        String parsedValue;
+        if(!parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &parsedValue))
+            return false;
+
+        if(type == 0) {
+            // boolean
+            const char positive[][5] = {"1", "true", "on", "yes"};  // 5 - strlen("true") + 1
+            const char negative[][6] = {"0", "false", "off", "no"}; // 6 - strlen("false") + 1
+
+            // if the value matches any of the positive/negative possibilities
+            for(unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                if(parsedValue.compare(positive[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 1; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if(parsedValue.compare(negative[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 0; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // integer
+            // TODO: change this to use std::stoi or something else! currently it uses undefined behavior - assumes '0' on failed parse...
+            int theInt = std::atoi(parsedValue.c_str()); // NOLINT
+            if(theInt != 0) {
+                res = theInt; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+Context::Context(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+        : p(new detail::ContextState) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv, true);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+Context::~Context() {
+    if(g_cs == p)
+        g_cs = nullptr;
+    delete p;
+}
+
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+// parses args
+void Context::parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults) {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file=",        p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sf=",                 p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file-exclude=",p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sfe=",                p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite=",         p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ts=",                 p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite-exclude=", p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tse=",                p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case=",          p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tc=",                 p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case-exclude=",  p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tce=",                p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase=",            p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sc=",                 p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase-exclude=",    p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sce=",                p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "reporters=",          p->filters[8]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "r=",                  p->filters[8]);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    int    intRes = 0;
+    String strRes;
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG(name, sname, var, default)                                   \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_bool, intRes) ||  \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_bool, intRes))   \
+        p->var = static_cast<bool>(intRes);                                                        \
+    else if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name) ||                           \
+            parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname))                            \
+        p->var = true;                                                                             \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_int, intRes) ||   \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_int, intRes))    \
+        p->var = intRes;                                                                           \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", &strRes, default) ||        \
+       parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", &strRes, default) ||       \
+       withDefaults)                                                                               \
+    p->var = strRes
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("out", "o", out, "");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("order-by", "ob", order_by, "file");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("rand-seed", "rs", rand_seed, 0);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("first", "f", first, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("last", "l", last, UINT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("abort-after", "aa", abort_after, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("subcase-filter-levels", "scfl", subcase_filter_levels, INT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("success", "s", success, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("case-sensitive", "cs", case_sensitive, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("exit", "e", exit, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("duration", "d", duration, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-throw", "nt", no_throw, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-exitcode", "ne", no_exitcode, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-run", "nr", no_run, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-version", "nv", no_version, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-colors", "nc", no_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("force-colors", "fc", force_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-breaks", "nb", no_breaks, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skip", "ns", no_skip, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("gnu-file-line", "gfl", gnu_file_line, !bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-path-filenames", "npf", no_path_in_filenames, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-line-numbers", "nln", no_line_numbers, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-debug-output", "ndo", no_debug_output, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skipped-summary", "nss", no_skipped_summary, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-time-in-output", "ntio", no_time_in_output, false);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    if(withDefaults) {
+        p->help             = false;
+        p->version          = false;
+        p->count            = false;
+        p->list_test_cases  = false;
+        p->list_test_suites = false;
+        p->list_reporters   = false;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "help") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "h") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "?")) {
+        p->help = true;
+        p->exit = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "version") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "v")) {
+        p->version = true;
+        p->exit    = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "count") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "c")) {
+        p->count = true;
+        p->exit  = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-cases") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ltc")) {
+        p->list_test_cases = true;
+        p->exit            = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-suites") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lts")) {
+        p->list_test_suites = true;
+        p->exit             = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-reporters") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lr")) {
+        p->list_reporters = true;
+        p->exit           = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// allows the user to add procedurally to the filters from the command line
+void Context::addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value) { setOption(filter, value); }
+
+// allows the user to clear all filters from the command line
+void Context::clearFilters() {
+    for(auto& curr : p->filters)
+        curr.clear();
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the int/bool options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, int value) {
+    setOption(option, toString(value).c_str());
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the string options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, const char* value) {
+    auto argv   = String("-") + option + "=" + value;
+    auto lvalue = argv.c_str();
+    parseArgs(1, &lvalue);
+}
+
+// users should query this in their main() and exit the program if true
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return p->exit; }
+
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() { g_cs = p; }
+
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah) { p->ah = ah; }
+
+// the main function that does all the filtering and test running
+int Context::run() {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // save the old context state in case such was setup - for using asserts out of a testing context
+    auto old_cs = g_cs;
+    // this is the current contest
+    g_cs               = p;
+    is_running_in_test = true;
+
+    g_no_colors = p->no_colors;
+    p->resetRunData();
+
+    // stdout by default
+    p->cout = &std::cout;
+    p->cerr = &std::cerr;
+
+    // or to a file if specified
+    std::fstream fstr;
+    if(p->out.size()) {
+        fstr.open(p->out.c_str(), std::fstream::out);
+        p->cout = &fstr;
+    }
+
+    FatalConditionHandler::allocateAltStackMem();
+
+    auto cleanup_and_return = [&]() {
+        FatalConditionHandler::freeAltStackMem();
+
+        if(fstr.is_open())
+            fstr.close();
+
+        // restore context
+        g_cs               = old_cs;
+        is_running_in_test = false;
+
+        // we have to free the reporters which were allocated when the run started
+        for(auto& curr : p->reporters_currently_used)
+            delete curr;
+        p->reporters_currently_used.clear();
+
+        if(p->numTestCasesFailed && !p->no_exitcode)
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    };
+
+    // setup default reporter if none is given through the command line
+    if(p->filters[8].empty())
+        p->filters[8].push_back("console");
+
+    // check to see if any of the registered reporters has been selected
+    for(auto& curr : getReporters()) {
+        if(matchesAny(curr.first.second.c_str(), p->filters[8], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(curr.second(*g_cs));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: check if there is nothing in reporters_currently_used
+
+    // prepend all listeners
+    for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.insert(p->reporters_currently_used.begin(), curr.second(*g_cs));
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    if(isDebuggerActive() && p->no_debug_output == false)
+        p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(new DebugOutputWindowReporter(*g_cs));
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // handle version, help and no_run
+    if(p->no_run || p->version || p->help || p->list_reporters) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, QueryData());
+
+        return cleanup_and_return();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<const TestCase*> testArray;
+    for(auto& curr : getRegisteredTests())
+        testArray.push_back(&curr);
+    p->numTestCases = testArray.size();
+
+    // sort the collected records
+    if(!testArray.empty()) {
+        if(p->order_by.compare("file", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), fileOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("suite", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), suiteOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("name", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), nameOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("rand", true) == 0) {
+            std::srand(p->rand_seed);
+
+            // random_shuffle implementation
+            const auto first = &testArray[0];
+            for(size_t i = testArray.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+                int idxToSwap = std::rand() % (i + 1); // NOLINT
+
+                const auto temp = first[i];
+
+                first[i]         = first[idxToSwap];
+                first[idxToSwap] = temp;
+            }
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("none", true) == 0) {
+            // means no sorting - beneficial for death tests which call into the executable
+            // with a specific test case in mind - we don't want to slow down the startup times
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::set<String> testSuitesPassingFilt;
+
+    bool                             query_mode = p->count || p->list_test_cases || p->list_test_suites;
+    std::vector<const TestCaseData*> queryResults;
+
+    if(!query_mode)
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+
+    // invoke the registered functions if they match the filter criteria (or just count them)
+    for(auto& curr : testArray) {
+        const auto& tc = *curr;
+
+        bool skip_me = false;
+        if(tc.m_skip && !p->no_skip)
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[0], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[1], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[2], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[3], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[4], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[5], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!skip_me)
+            p->numTestCasesPassingFilters++;
+
+        // skip the test if it is not in the execution range
+        if((p->last < p->numTestCasesPassingFilters && p->first <= p->last) ||
+           (p->first > p->numTestCasesPassingFilters))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(skip_me) {
+            if(!query_mode)
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_skipped, tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // do not execute the test if we are to only count the number of filter passing tests
+        if(p->count)
+            continue;
+
+        // print the name of the test and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_cases) {
+            queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // print the name of the test suite if not done already and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_suites) {
+            if((testSuitesPassingFilt.count(tc.m_test_suite) == 0) && tc.m_test_suite[0] != '\0') {
+                queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+                testSuitesPassingFilt.insert(tc.m_test_suite);
+                p->numTestSuitesPassingFilters++;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // execute the test if it passes all the filtering
+        {
+            p->currentTest = &tc;
+
+            p->failure_flags = TestCaseFailureReason::None;
+            p->seconds       = 0;
+
+            // reset atomic counters
+            p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic = 0;
+            p->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic       = 0;
+
+            p->subcasesPassed.clear();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_start, tc);
+
+            p->timer.start();
+            
+            bool run_test = true;
+
+            do {
+                // reset some of the fields for subcases (except for the set of fully passed ones)
+                p->should_reenter          = false;
+                p->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = 0;
+                p->subcasesStack.clear();
+
+                p->shouldLogCurrentException = true;
+
+                // reset stuff for logging with INFO()
+                p->stringifiedContexts.clear();
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                try {
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+// MSVC 2015 diagnoses fatalConditionHandler as unused (because reset() is a static method)
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4101) // unreferenced local variable
+                    FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
+                    // execute the test
+                    tc.m_test();
+                    fatalConditionHandler.reset();
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                } catch(const TestFailureException&) {
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+                } catch(...) {
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception,
+                                                      {translateActiveException(), false});
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Exception;
+                }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+                // exit this loop if enough assertions have failed - even if there are more subcases
+                if(p->abort_after > 0 &&
+                   p->numAssertsFailed + p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic >= p->abort_after) {
+                    run_test = false;
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts;
+                }
+                
+                if(p->should_reenter && run_test)
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_reenter, tc);
+                if(!p->should_reenter)
+                    run_test = false;
+            } while(run_test);
+
+            p->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+            p->currentTest = nullptr;
+
+            // stop executing tests if enough assertions have failed
+            if(p->abort_after > 0 && p->numAssertsFailed >= p->abort_after)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!query_mode) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    } else {
+        QueryData qdata;
+        qdata.run_stats = g_cs;
+        qdata.data      = queryResults.data();
+        qdata.num_data  = unsigned(queryResults.size());
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, qdata);
+    }
+
+    // see these issues on the reasoning for this:
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/143#issuecomment-414418903
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/126
+    auto DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS = []() DOCTEST_NOINLINE
+        { std::cout << std::string(); };
+    DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS();
+
+    return cleanup_and_return();
+}
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return detail::g_infoContexts.size(); }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() {
+    return get_num_active_contexts() ? &detail::g_infoContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+int IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts.size(); }
+const String* IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() {
+    return get_num_stringified_contexts() ? &detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+    void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int priority, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter) {
+        if(isReporter)
+            getReporters().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+        else
+            getListeners().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4007) // 'function' : must be 'attribute' - see issue #182
+int main(int argc, char** argv) { return doctest::Context(argc, argv).run(); }
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest_compatibility.h b/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest_compatibility.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6194e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/doctest/doctest_compatibility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef DOCTEST_COMPATIBILITY
+#define DOCTEST_COMPATIBILITY
+
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL // enable single-threaded builds on XCode 6/7 - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/172
+#include "doctest.h"
+
+// Catch doesn't require a semicolon after CAPTURE but doctest does
+#undef CAPTURE
+#define CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x);
+
+// Sections from Catch are called Subcases in doctest and don't work with std::string by default
+#undef SUBCASE
+#define SECTION(x) DOCTEST_SUBCASE(x)
+
+// convenience macro around INFO since it doesn't support temporaries (it is optimized to avoid allocations for runtime speed)
+#define INFO_WITH_TEMP_IMPL(x, var_name) const auto var_name = x; INFO(var_name) // lvalue!
+#define INFO_WITH_TEMP(x) INFO_WITH_TEMP_IMPL(x, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(DOCTEST_STD_STRING_))
+
+// doctest doesn't support THROWS_WITH for std::string out of the box (has to include <string>...)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR_IMPL(expr, str, var_name)                    \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        std::string var_name = str;                                            \
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, var_name.c_str());                             \
+    } while (false)
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR(expr, str)                                   \
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_STD_STR_IMPL(expr, str, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(DOCTEST_STD_STRING_))
+
+// included here because for some tests in the json repository private is defined as
+// public and if no STL header is included before that then in the json include when STL
+// stuff is included the MSVC STL complains (errors) that C++ keywords are being redefined
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+// Catch does this by default
+using doctest::Approx;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/LICENSE.MIT b/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/LICENSE.MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c59cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/LICENSE.MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License 
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Niels Lohmann
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp b/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfa38c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+/*
+The code is licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>:
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Niels Lohmann.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef NLOHMANN_FIFO_MAP_HPP
+#define NLOHMANN_FIFO_MAP_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+/*!
+@brief namespace for Niels Lohmann
+@see https://github.com/nlohmann
+*/
+namespace nlohmann
+{
+
+template<class Key>
+class fifo_map_compare
+{
+  public:
+    /// constructor given a pointer to a key storage
+    fifo_map_compare(std::unordered_map<Key, std::size_t>* k) : keys(k) {}
+
+    /*!
+    This function compares two keys with respect to the order in which they
+    were added to the container. For this, the mapping keys is used.
+    */
+    bool operator()(const Key& lhs, const Key& rhs) const
+    {
+        // look up timestamps for both keys
+        const auto timestamp_lhs = keys->find(lhs);
+        const auto timestamp_rhs = keys->find(rhs);
+
+        if (timestamp_lhs == keys->end())
+        {
+            // timestamp for lhs not found - cannot be smaller than for rhs
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (timestamp_rhs == keys->end())
+        {
+            // timestamp for rhs not found - timestamp for lhs is smaller
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // compare timestamps
+        return timestamp_lhs->second < timestamp_rhs->second;
+    }
+
+    void add_key(const Key& key)
+    {
+        keys->insert({key, timestamp++});
+    }
+
+    void remove_key(const Key& key)
+    {
+        keys->erase(key);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// pointer to a mapping from keys to insertion timestamps
+    std::unordered_map<Key, std::size_t>* keys = nullptr;
+    /// the next valid insertion timestamp
+    size_t timestamp = 1;
+};
+
+
+template <
+    class Key,
+    class T,
+    class Compare = fifo_map_compare<Key>,
+    class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>
+    > class fifo_map // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-special-member-functions,-warnings-as-errors)
+{
+  public:
+    using key_type = Key;
+    using mapped_type = T;
+    using value_type = std::pair<const Key, T>;
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using key_compare = Compare;
+    using allocator_type = Allocator;
+    using reference = value_type&;
+    using const_reference = const value_type&;
+    using pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer;
+    using const_pointer = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer;
+
+    using internal_map_type = std::map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>;
+
+    using iterator = typename internal_map_type::iterator;
+    using const_iterator = typename internal_map_type::const_iterator;
+    using reverse_iterator = typename internal_map_type::reverse_iterator;
+    using const_reverse_iterator = typename internal_map_type::const_reverse_iterator;
+
+  public:
+    /// default constructor
+    fifo_map() : m_keys(), m_compare(&m_keys), m_map(m_compare) {}
+
+    /// copy constructor
+    fifo_map(const fifo_map &f) : m_keys(f.m_keys), m_compare(&m_keys), m_map(f.m_map.begin(), f.m_map.end(), m_compare) {}
+
+    /// constructor for a range of elements
+    template<class InputIterator>
+    fifo_map(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
+        : m_keys(), m_compare(&m_keys), m_map(m_compare)
+    {
+        for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            insert(*it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// constructor for a list of elements
+    fifo_map(std::initializer_list<value_type> init) : fifo_map()
+    {
+        for (auto x : init)
+        {
+            insert(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Element access
+     */
+
+    /// access specified element with bounds checking
+    T& at(const Key& key)
+    {
+        return m_map.at(key);
+    }
+
+    /// access specified element with bounds checking
+    const T& at(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.at(key);
+    }
+
+    /// access specified element
+    T& operator[](const Key& key)
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(key);
+        return m_map[key];
+    }
+
+    /// access specified element
+    T& operator[](Key&& key)
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(key);
+        return m_map[key];
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Iterators
+     */
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the beginning
+    iterator begin() noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.begin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the end
+    iterator end() noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.end();
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the beginning
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.begin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the end
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.end();
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the beginning
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.cbegin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the end
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.cend();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.rbegin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    reverse_iterator rend() noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.rend();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.rbegin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.rend();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the beginning
+    const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.crbegin();
+    }
+
+    /// returns a reverse iterator to the end
+    const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.crend();
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Capacity
+     */
+
+    /// checks whether the container is empty
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.empty();
+    }
+
+    /// returns the number of elements
+    size_type size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.size();
+    }
+
+    /// returns the maximum possible number of elements
+    size_type max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_map.max_size();
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Modifiers
+     */
+
+    /// clears the contents
+    void clear() noexcept
+    {
+        m_map.clear();
+        m_keys.clear();
+    }
+
+    /// insert value
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& value)
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.insert(value);
+    }
+
+    /// insert value
+    template<class P>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( P&& value )
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.insert(value);
+    }
+
+    /// insert value with hint
+    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, const value_type& value)
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.insert(hint, value);
+    }
+
+    /// insert value with hint
+    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, value_type&& value)
+    {
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.insert(hint, value);
+    }
+
+    /// insert value range
+    template<class InputIt>
+    void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last)
+    {
+        for (const_iterator it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            m_compare.add_key(it->first);
+        }
+
+        m_map.insert(first, last);
+    }
+
+    /// insert value list
+    void insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist)
+    {
+        for (auto value : ilist)
+        {
+            m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        }
+
+        m_map.insert(ilist);
+    }
+
+    /// constructs element in-place
+    template<class... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        typename fifo_map::value_type value(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.emplace(std::move(value));
+    }
+
+    /// constructs element in-place with hint
+    template<class... Args>
+    iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator hint, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        typename fifo_map::value_type value(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        m_compare.add_key(value.first);
+        return m_map.emplace_hint(hint, std::move(value));
+    }
+
+    /// remove element at position
+    iterator erase(const_iterator pos)
+    {
+        m_compare.remove_key(pos->first);
+        return m_map.erase(pos);
+    }
+
+    /// remove elements in range
+    iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
+    {
+        for (const_iterator it = first; it != last; ++it)
+        {
+            m_compare.remove_key(it->first);
+        }
+
+        return m_map.erase(first, last);
+    }
+
+    /// remove elements with key
+    size_type erase(const key_type& key)
+    {
+        size_type res = m_map.erase(key);
+
+        if (res > 0)
+        {
+            m_compare.remove_key(key);
+        }
+
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /// swaps the contents
+    void swap(fifo_map& other)
+    {
+        std::swap(m_map, other.m_map);
+        std::swap(m_compare, other.m_compare);
+        std::swap(m_keys, other.m_keys);
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Lookup
+     */
+
+    /// returns the number of elements matching specific key
+    size_type count(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.count(key);
+    }
+
+    /// finds element with specific key
+    iterator find(const Key& key)
+    {
+        return m_map.find(key);
+    }
+
+    /// finds element with specific key
+    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.find(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns range of elements matching a specific key
+    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const Key& key)
+    {
+        return m_map.equal_range(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns range of elements matching a specific key
+    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.equal_range(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given key
+    iterator lower_bound(const Key& key)
+    {
+        return m_map.lower_bound(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given key
+    const_iterator lower_bound(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.lower_bound(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the first element greater than the given key
+    iterator upper_bound(const Key& key)
+    {
+        return m_map.upper_bound(key);
+    }
+
+    /// returns an iterator to the first element greater than the given key
+    const_iterator upper_bound(const Key& key) const
+    {
+        return m_map.upper_bound(key);
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Observers
+     */
+
+    /// returns the function that compares keys
+    key_compare key_comp() const
+    {
+        return m_compare;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+     * Non-member functions
+     */
+
+    friend bool operator==(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map == rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator!=(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map != rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator<(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map < rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator<=(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map <= rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator>(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map > rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator>=(const fifo_map& lhs, const fifo_map& rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.m_map >= rhs.m_map;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /// the keys
+    std::unordered_map<Key, std::size_t> m_keys;
+    /// the comparison object
+    Compare m_compare;
+    /// the internal data structure
+    internal_map_type m_map;
+};
+
+} // namespace nlohmann
+
+// specialization of std::swap
+namespace std // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,-warnings-as-errors)
+{
+template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
+inline void swap(nlohmann::fifo_map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>& m1,
+                 nlohmann::fifo_map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>& m2)
+{
+    m1.swap(m2);
+}
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/imapdl/filterbr.py b/test/thirdparty/imapdl/filterbr.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e8714c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/imapdl/filterbr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# 2017, Georg Sauthoff <mail@gms.tf>, GPLv3
+
+import sys
+
+def skip_comments(lines):
+  state = 0
+  for line in lines:
+    n = len(line)
+    l = ''
+    p = 0
+    while p < n:
+      if state == 0:
+        a = line.find('//', p)
+        b = line.find('/*', p)
+        if a > -1 and (a < b or b == -1):
+          l += line[p:a]
+          p = n
+        elif b > -1 and (b < a or a == -1):
+          l += line[p:b]
+          p = b+2
+          state = 1
+        else:
+          l += line[p:]
+          p = n
+      elif state == 1:
+        a = line.rfind('*/', p)
+        if a == -1:
+          p = n
+        else:
+          p = a + 2
+          state = 0
+    yield l
+
+def cond_lines(lines):
+  state = 0
+  pcnt = 0
+  for nr, line in enumerate(lines, 1):
+    if not line:
+      continue
+    n = len(line)
+    p = 0
+    do_yield = False
+    while p < n:
+      if state == 0:
+        p = line.find('if', p)
+        if p == -1:
+          p = n
+          continue
+        if (p == 0 or not line[p-1].isalpha()) \
+            and (p+2 == len(line) or not line[p+2].isalpha()):
+          do_yield = True
+          state = 1
+        p += 2
+      elif state == 1:
+        do_yield = True
+        p = line.find('(', p)
+        if p == -1:
+          p = n
+        else:
+          p += 1
+          state = 2
+          pcnt = 1
+      elif state == 2:
+        do_yield = True
+        for p in range(p, n):
+          if line[p] == '(':
+            pcnt += 1
+          elif line[p] == ')':
+            pcnt -= 1
+          if not pcnt:
+            state = 0
+            break
+        p += 1
+    if do_yield:
+      yield nr
+
+def cond_lines_from_file(filename):
+  with open(filename) as f:
+    yield from cond_lines(skip_comments(f))
+
+def filter_lcov_trace(lines):
+  nrs = set()
+  for line in lines:
+    if line.startswith('SF:'):
+      nrs = set(cond_lines_from_file(line[3:-1]))
+    elif line.startswith('BRDA:'):
+      xs = line[5:].split(',')
+      nr = int(xs[0]) if xs else 0
+      if nr not in nrs:
+        continue
+    yield line
+
+def filter_lcov_trace_file(s_filename, d_file):
+  with open(s_filename) as f:
+    for l in filter_lcov_trace(f):
+      print(l, end='', file=d_file)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  #for l in cond_lines_from_file(sys.argv[1]):
+  #  print(l)
+
+  filter_lcov_trace_file(sys.argv[1], sys.stdout)
+
+  #with open(sys.argv[1]) as f:
+  #  for l in skip_comments(f):
+  #    print(l)
+
diff --git a/test/thirdparty/imapdl/gpl-3.0.txt b/test/thirdparty/imapdl/gpl-3.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f288702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/thirdparty/imapdl/gpl-3.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
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+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
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+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/third_party/amalgamate/CHANGES.md b/third_party/amalgamate/CHANGES.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..728b933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/amalgamate/CHANGES.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+The following changes have been made to the code with respect to <https://github.com/edlund/amalgamate/commit/c91f07eea1133aa184f652b8f1398eaf03586208>:
+
+- Resolved inspection results from PyCharm:
+  - replaced tabs with spaces
+  - added encoding annotation
+  - reindented file to remove trailing whitespaces
+  - unused import `sys`
+  - membership check
+  - made function from `_is_within`
+  - removed unused variable `actual_path`
diff --git a/third_party/amalgamate/LICENSE.md b/third_party/amalgamate/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe9cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/amalgamate/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files
+Copyright (c) 2012, Erik Edlund <erik.edlund@32767.se>
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ * Neither the name of Erik Edlund, nor the names of its contributors may
+   be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+   specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/third_party/amalgamate/README.md b/third_party/amalgamate/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..975ca0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/amalgamate/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+# amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files
+
+Origin: https://bitbucket.org/erikedlund/amalgamate
+
+Mirror: https://github.com/edlund/amalgamate
+
+`amalgamate.py` aims to make it easy to use SQLite-style C source and header
+amalgamation in projects.
+
+For more information, please refer to: http://sqlite.org/amalgamation.html
+
+## Here be dragons
+
+`amalgamate.py` is quite dumb, it only knows the bare minimum about C code
+required in order to be able to handle trivial include directives. It can
+produce weird results for unexpected code.
+
+Things to be aware of:
+
+`amalgamate.py` will not handle complex include directives correctly:
+
+        #define HEADER_PATH "path/to/header.h"
+        #include HEADER_PATH
+
+In the above example, `path/to/header.h` will not be included in the
+amalgamation (HEADER_PATH is never expanded).
+
+`amalgamate.py` makes the assumption that each source and header file which
+is not empty will end in a new-line character, which is not immediately
+preceded by a backslash character (see 5.1.1.2p1.2 of ISO C99).
+
+`amalgamate.py` should be usable with C++ code, but raw string literals from
+C++11 will definitely cause problems:
+
+        R"delimiter(Terrible raw \ data " #include <sneaky.hpp>)delimiter"
+        R"delimiter(Terrible raw \ data " escaping)delimiter"
+
+In the examples above, `amalgamate.py` will stop parsing the raw string literal
+when it encounters the first quotation mark, which will produce unexpected
+results.
+
+## Installing amalgamate.py
+
+Python v.2.7.0 or higher is required.
+
+`amalgamate.py` can be tested and installed using the following commands:
+
+        ./test.sh && sudo -k cp ./amalgamate.py /usr/local/bin/
+
+## Using amalgamate.py
+
+        amalgamate.py [-v] -c path/to/config.json -s path/to/source/dir \
+                [-p path/to/prologue.(c|h)]
+
+ * The `-c, --config` option should specify the path to a JSON config file which
+   lists the source files, include paths and where to write the resulting
+   amalgamation. Have a look at `test/source.c.json` and `test/include.h.json`
+   to see two examples.
+
+ * The `-s, --source` option should specify the path to the source directory.
+   This is useful for supporting separate source and build directories.
+
+ * The `-p, --prologue` option should specify the path to a file which will be
+   added to the beginning of the amalgamation. It is optional.
+
diff --git a/third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py b/third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f01b43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# coding=utf-8
+
+# amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files.
+# Copyright (c) 2012, Erik Edlund <erik.edlund@32767.se>
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+#  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 
+#  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+#  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+#  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+#  * Neither the name of Erik Edlund, nor the names of its contributors may
+#  be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#  specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+# ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+# (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+# ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import argparse
+import datetime
+import json
+import os
+import re
+
+
+class Amalgamation(object):
+
+    # Prepends self.source_path to file_path if needed.
+    def actual_path(self, file_path):
+        if not os.path.isabs(file_path):
+            file_path = os.path.join(self.source_path, file_path)
+        return file_path
+
+    # Search included file_path in self.include_paths and
+    # in source_dir if specified.
+    def find_included_file(self, file_path, source_dir):
+        search_dirs = self.include_paths[:]
+        if source_dir:
+            search_dirs.insert(0, source_dir)
+
+        for search_dir in search_dirs:
+            search_path = os.path.join(search_dir, file_path)
+            if os.path.isfile(self.actual_path(search_path)):
+                return search_path
+        return None
+
+    def __init__(self, args):
+        with open(args.config, 'r') as f:
+            config = json.loads(f.read())
+            for key in config:
+                setattr(self, key, config[key])
+
+            self.verbose = args.verbose == "yes"
+            self.prologue = args.prologue
+            self.source_path = args.source_path
+            self.included_files = []
+
+    # Generate the amalgamation and write it to the target file.
+    def generate(self):
+        amalgamation = ""
+
+        if self.prologue:
+            with open(self.prologue, 'r') as f:
+                amalgamation += datetime.datetime.now().strftime(f.read())
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            print("Config:")
+            print(" target        = {0}".format(self.target))
+            print(" working_dir   = {0}".format(os.getcwd()))
+            print(" include_paths = {0}".format(self.include_paths))
+        print("Creating amalgamation:")
+        for file_path in self.sources:
+            # Do not check the include paths while processing the source
+            # list, all given source paths must be correct.
+            # actual_path = self.actual_path(file_path)
+            print(" - processing \"{0}\"".format(file_path))
+            t = TranslationUnit(file_path, self, True)
+            amalgamation += t.content
+
+        with open(self.target, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(amalgamation)
+
+        print("...done!\n")
+        if self.verbose:
+            print("Files processed: {0}".format(self.sources))
+            print("Files included: {0}".format(self.included_files))
+        print("")
+
+
+def _is_within(match, matches):
+    for m in matches:
+        if match.start() > m.start() and \
+                match.end() < m.end():
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+class TranslationUnit(object):
+    # // C++ comment.
+    cpp_comment_pattern = re.compile(r"//.*?\n")
+
+    # /* C comment. */
+    c_comment_pattern = re.compile(r"/\*.*?\*/", re.S)
+
+    # "complex \"stri\\\ng\" value".
+    string_pattern = re.compile("[^']" r'".*?(?<=[^\\])"', re.S)
+
+    # Handle simple include directives. Support for advanced
+    # directives where macros and defines needs to expanded is
+    # not a concern right now.
+    include_pattern = re.compile(
+        r'#\s*include\s+(<|")(?P<path>.*?)("|>)', re.S)
+
+    # #pragma once
+    pragma_once_pattern = re.compile(r'#\s*pragma\s+once', re.S)
+
+    # Search for pattern in self.content, add the match to
+    # contexts if found and update the index accordingly.
+    def _search_content(self, index, pattern, contexts):
+        match = pattern.search(self.content, index)
+        if match:
+            contexts.append(match)
+            return match.end()
+        return index + 2
+
+    # Return all the skippable contexts, i.e., comments and strings
+    def _find_skippable_contexts(self):
+        # Find contexts in the content in which a found include
+        # directive should not be processed.
+        skippable_contexts = []
+
+        # Walk through the content char by char, and try to grab
+        # skippable contexts using regular expressions when found.
+        i = 1
+        content_len = len(self.content)
+        while i < content_len:
+            j = i - 1
+            current = self.content[i]
+            previous = self.content[j]
+
+            if current == '"':
+                # String value.
+                i = self._search_content(j, self.string_pattern,
+                                         skippable_contexts)
+            elif current == '*' and previous == '/':
+                # C style comment.
+                i = self._search_content(j, self.c_comment_pattern,
+                                         skippable_contexts)
+            elif current == '/' and previous == '/':
+                # C++ style comment.
+                i = self._search_content(j, self.cpp_comment_pattern,
+                                         skippable_contexts)
+            else:
+                # Skip to the next char.
+                i += 1
+
+        return skippable_contexts
+
+    # Returns True if the match is within list of other matches
+
+    # Removes pragma once from content
+    def _process_pragma_once(self):
+        content_len = len(self.content)
+        if content_len < len("#include <x>"):
+            return 0
+
+        # Find contexts in the content in which a found include
+        # directive should not be processed.
+        skippable_contexts = self._find_skippable_contexts()
+
+        pragmas = []
+        pragma_once_match = self.pragma_once_pattern.search(self.content)
+        while pragma_once_match:
+            if not _is_within(pragma_once_match, skippable_contexts):
+                pragmas.append(pragma_once_match)
+
+            pragma_once_match = self.pragma_once_pattern.search(self.content,
+                                                                pragma_once_match.end())
+
+        # Handle all collected pragma once directives.
+        prev_end = 0
+        tmp_content = ''
+        for pragma_match in pragmas:
+            tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:pragma_match.start()]
+            prev_end = pragma_match.end()
+        tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:]
+        self.content = tmp_content
+
+    # Include all trivial #include directives into self.content.
+    def _process_includes(self):
+        content_len = len(self.content)
+        if content_len < len("#include <x>"):
+            return 0
+
+        # Find contexts in the content in which a found include
+        # directive should not be processed.
+        skippable_contexts = self._find_skippable_contexts()
+
+        # Search for include directives in the content, collect those
+        # which should be included into the content.
+        includes = []
+        include_match = self.include_pattern.search(self.content)
+        while include_match:
+            if not _is_within(include_match, skippable_contexts):
+                include_path = include_match.group("path")
+                search_same_dir = include_match.group(1) == '"'
+                found_included_path = self.amalgamation.find_included_file(
+                    include_path, self.file_dir if search_same_dir else None)
+                if found_included_path:
+                    includes.append((include_match, found_included_path))
+
+            include_match = self.include_pattern.search(self.content,
+                                                        include_match.end())
+
+        # Handle all collected include directives.
+        prev_end = 0
+        tmp_content = ''
+        for include in includes:
+            include_match, found_included_path = include
+            tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:include_match.start()]
+            tmp_content += "// {0}\n".format(include_match.group(0))
+            if found_included_path not in self.amalgamation.included_files:
+                t = TranslationUnit(found_included_path, self.amalgamation, False)
+                tmp_content += t.content
+            prev_end = include_match.end()
+        tmp_content += self.content[prev_end:]
+        self.content = tmp_content
+
+        return len(includes)
+
+    # Make all content processing
+    def _process(self):
+        if not self.is_root:
+            self._process_pragma_once()
+        self._process_includes()
+
+    def __init__(self, file_path, amalgamation, is_root):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self.file_dir = os.path.dirname(file_path)
+        self.amalgamation = amalgamation
+        self.is_root = is_root
+
+        self.amalgamation.included_files.append(self.file_path)
+
+        actual_path = self.amalgamation.actual_path(file_path)
+        if not os.path.isfile(actual_path):
+            raise IOError("File not found: \"{0}\"".format(file_path))
+        with open(actual_path, 'r') as f:
+            self.content = f.read()
+            self._process()
+
+
+def main():
+    description = "Amalgamate C source and header files."
+    usage = " ".join([
+        "amalgamate.py",
+        "[-v]",
+        "-c path/to/config.json",
+        "-s path/to/source/dir",
+        "[-p path/to/prologue.(c|h)]"
+    ])
+    argsparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=description, usage=usage)
+
+    argsparser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbose",
+                            choices=["yes", "no"], metavar="", help="be verbose")
+
+    argsparser.add_argument("-c", "--config", dest="config",
+                            required=True, metavar="", help="path to a JSON config file")
+
+    argsparser.add_argument("-s", "--source", dest="source_path",
+                            required=True, metavar="", help="source code path")
+
+    argsparser.add_argument("-p", "--prologue", dest="prologue",
+                            required=False, metavar="", help="path to a C prologue file")
+
+    amalgamation = Amalgamation(argsparser.parse_args())
+    amalgamation.generate()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/third_party/amalgamate/config.json b/third_party/amalgamate/config.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32fc21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/amalgamate/config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+	"project": "JSON for Modern C++",
+	"target": "single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp",
+	"sources": [
+		"include/nlohmann/json.hpp"
+	],
+	"include_paths": ["include"]
+}
diff --git a/third_party/cpplint/LICENSE b/third_party/cpplint/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1756a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/cpplint/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+cpplint.py and its corresponding unit tests are Copyright (C) 2009 Google Inc.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+   * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/third_party/cpplint/README.rst b/third_party/cpplint/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4208f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/cpplint/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+cpplint - static code checker for C++
+=====================================
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/cpplint/cpplint.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/cpplint/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/status/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dd/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dw/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/cpplint.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cpplint
+
+Cpplint is a command-line tool to check C/C++ files for style issues following `Google's C++ style guide <http://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html>`_.
+Cpplint is developed and maintained by Google Inc. at `google/styleguide <https://github.com/google/styleguide>`_, also see see the `wikipedia entry <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpplint>`_
+
+While Google maintains cpplint, Google is not (very) responsive to issues and pull requests, this fork aims to be (somewhat) more open to add fixes to cpplint to enable fixes, when those fixes make cpplint usable in wider contexts.
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+
+To install cpplint from PyPI, run:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ pip install cpplint
+
+Then run it with:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ cpplint [OPTIONS] files
+
+For full usage instructions, run:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ cpplint --help
+
+Changes
+-------
+
+The modifications in this fork are minor fixes and cosmetic changes:
+
+* more default extensions
+* python 3 compatibility
+* customizable file extensions with the --extensions argument
+* continuous integration on travis
+* support for recursive file discovery via the --recursive argument
+* support for excluding files via --exclude
+* JUnit XML output format
+* Overriding repository root auto-detection via --repository
+* Support ``#pragma once`` as an alternative to header include guards
+
+
+Acknowledgements
+----------------
+
+Thanks to Google Inc. for open-sourcing their in-house tool.
+Thanks to maintainers of the fork
+
+* `tkruse <https://github.com/tkruse>`_  
+* `mattyclarkson <https://github.com/mattyclarkson>`_
+* `theandrewdavis <https://github.com/theandrewdavis>`_
diff --git a/third_party/cpplint/cpplint.py b/third_party/cpplint/cpplint.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..81bc98b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/cpplint/cpplint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6583 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Does google-lint on c++ files.
+
+The goal of this script is to identify places in the code that *may*
+be in non-compliance with google style.  It does not attempt to fix
+up these problems -- the point is to educate.  It does also not
+attempt to find all problems, or to ensure that everything it does
+find is legitimately a problem.
+
+In particular, we can get very confused by /* and // inside strings!
+We do a small hack, which is to ignore //'s with "'s after them on the
+same line, but it is far from perfect (in either direction).
+"""
+
+import codecs
+import copy
+import getopt
+import glob
+import itertools
+import math  # for log
+import os
+import re
+import sre_compile
+import string
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import unicodedata
+import xml.etree.ElementTree
+
+# if empty, use defaults
+_valid_extensions = set([])
+
+__VERSION__ = '1.4.4'
+
+try:
+  xrange          # Python 2
+except NameError:
+  #  -- pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+  xrange = range  # Python 3
+
+
+_USAGE = """
+Syntax: cpplint.py [--verbose=#] [--output=emacs|eclipse|vs7|junit]
+                   [--filter=-x,+y,...]
+                   [--counting=total|toplevel|detailed] [--root=subdir]
+                   [--repository=path]
+                   [--linelength=digits] [--headers=x,y,...]
+                   [--recursive]
+                   [--exclude=path]
+                   [--extensions=hpp,cpp,...]
+                   [--quiet]
+                   [--version]
+        <file> [file] ...
+
+  Style checker for C/C++ source files.
+  This is a fork of the Google style checker with minor extensions.
+
+  The style guidelines this tries to follow are those in
+    https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html
+
+  Every problem is given a confidence score from 1-5, with 5 meaning we are
+  certain of the problem, and 1 meaning it could be a legitimate construct.
+  This will miss some errors, and is not a substitute for a code review.
+
+  To suppress false-positive errors of a certain category, add a
+  'NOLINT(category)' comment to the line.  NOLINT or NOLINT(*)
+  suppresses errors of all categories on that line.
+
+  The files passed in will be linted; at least one file must be provided.
+  Default linted extensions are %s.
+  Other file types will be ignored.
+  Change the extensions with the --extensions flag.
+
+  Flags:
+
+    output=emacs|eclipse|vs7|junit
+      By default, the output is formatted to ease emacs parsing.  Visual Studio
+      compatible output (vs7) may also be used.  Further support exists for
+      eclipse (eclipse), and JUnit (junit). XML parsers such as those used
+      in Jenkins and Bamboo may also be used.  Other formats are unsupported.
+
+    verbose=#
+      Specify a number 0-5 to restrict errors to certain verbosity levels.
+      Errors with lower verbosity levels have lower confidence and are more
+      likely to be false positives.
+
+    quiet
+      Don't print anything if no errors are found.
+
+    filter=-x,+y,...
+      Specify a comma-separated list of category-filters to apply: only
+      error messages whose category names pass the filters will be printed.
+      (Category names are printed with the message and look like
+      "[whitespace/indent]".)  Filters are evaluated left to right.
+      "-FOO" and "FOO" means "do not print categories that start with FOO".
+      "+FOO" means "do print categories that start with FOO".
+
+      Examples: --filter=-whitespace,+whitespace/braces
+                --filter=whitespace,runtime/printf,+runtime/printf_format
+                --filter=-,+build/include_what_you_use
+
+      To see a list of all the categories used in cpplint, pass no arg:
+         --filter=
+
+    counting=total|toplevel|detailed
+      The total number of errors found is always printed. If
+      'toplevel' is provided, then the count of errors in each of
+      the top-level categories like 'build' and 'whitespace' will
+      also be printed. If 'detailed' is provided, then a count
+      is provided for each category like 'build/class'.
+
+    repository=path
+      The top level directory of the repository, used to derive the header
+      guard CPP variable. By default, this is determined by searching for a
+      path that contains .git, .hg, or .svn. When this flag is specified, the
+      given path is used instead. This option allows the header guard CPP
+      variable to remain consistent even if members of a team have different
+      repository root directories (such as when checking out a subdirectory
+      with SVN). In addition, users of non-mainstream version control systems
+      can use this flag to ensure readable header guard CPP variables.
+
+      Examples:
+        Assuming that Alice checks out ProjectName and Bob checks out
+        ProjectName/trunk and trunk contains src/chrome/ui/browser.h, then
+        with no --repository flag, the header guard CPP variable will be:
+
+        Alice => TRUNK_SRC_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+        Bob   => SRC_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+
+        If Alice uses the --repository=trunk flag and Bob omits the flag or
+        uses --repository=. then the header guard CPP variable will be:
+
+        Alice => SRC_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+        Bob   => SRC_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+
+    root=subdir
+      The root directory used for deriving header guard CPP variable.
+      This directory is relative to the top level directory of the repository
+      which by default is determined by searching for a directory that contains
+      .git, .hg, or .svn but can also be controlled with the --repository flag.
+      If the specified directory does not exist, this flag is ignored.
+
+      Examples:
+        Assuming that src is the top level directory of the repository (and
+        cwd=top/src), the header guard CPP variables for
+        src/chrome/browser/ui/browser.h are:
+
+        No flag => CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+        --root=chrome => BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+        --root=chrome/browser => UI_BROWSER_H_
+        --root=.. => SRC_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_BROWSER_H_
+
+    linelength=digits
+      This is the allowed line length for the project. The default value is
+      80 characters.
+
+      Examples:
+        --linelength=120
+
+    recursive
+      Search for files to lint recursively. Each directory given in the list
+      of files to be linted is replaced by all files that descend from that
+      directory. Files with extensions not in the valid extensions list are
+      excluded.
+
+    exclude=path
+      Exclude the given path from the list of files to be linted. Relative
+      paths are evaluated relative to the current directory and shell globbing
+      is performed. This flag can be provided multiple times to exclude
+      multiple files.
+
+      Examples:
+        --exclude=one.cc
+        --exclude=src/*.cc
+        --exclude=src/*.cc --exclude=test/*.cc
+
+    extensions=extension,extension,...
+      The allowed file extensions that cpplint will check
+
+      Examples:
+        --extensions=%s
+
+    headers=x,y,...
+      The header extensions that cpplint will treat as .h in checks. Values are
+      automatically added to --extensions list.
+     (by default, only files with extensions %s will be assumed to be headers)
+
+      Examples:
+        --headers=%s
+        --headers=hpp,hxx
+        --headers=hpp
+
+    cpplint.py supports per-directory configurations specified in CPPLINT.cfg
+    files. CPPLINT.cfg file can contain a number of key=value pairs.
+    Currently the following options are supported:
+
+      set noparent
+      filter=+filter1,-filter2,...
+      exclude_files=regex
+      linelength=80
+      root=subdir
+      headers=x,y,...
+
+    "set noparent" option prevents cpplint from traversing directory tree
+    upwards looking for more .cfg files in parent directories. This option
+    is usually placed in the top-level project directory.
+
+    The "filter" option is similar in function to --filter flag. It specifies
+    message filters in addition to the |_DEFAULT_FILTERS| and those specified
+    through --filter command-line flag.
+
+    "exclude_files" allows to specify a regular expression to be matched against
+    a file name. If the expression matches, the file is skipped and not run
+    through the linter.
+
+    "linelength" allows to specify the allowed line length for the project.
+
+    The "root" option is similar in function to the --root flag (see example
+    above). Paths are relative to the directory of the CPPLINT.cfg.
+
+    The "headers" option is similar in function to the --headers flag
+    (see example above).
+
+    CPPLINT.cfg has an effect on files in the same directory and all
+    sub-directories, unless overridden by a nested configuration file.
+
+      Example file:
+        filter=-build/include_order,+build/include_alpha
+        exclude_files=.*\\.cc
+
+    The above example disables build/include_order warning and enables
+    build/include_alpha as well as excludes all .cc from being
+    processed by linter, in the current directory (where the .cfg
+    file is located) and all sub-directories.
+"""
+
+# We categorize each error message we print.  Here are the categories.
+# We want an explicit list so we can list them all in cpplint --filter=.
+# If you add a new error message with a new category, add it to the list
+# here!  cpplint_unittest.py should tell you if you forget to do this.
+_ERROR_CATEGORIES = [
+    'build/class',
+    'build/c++11',
+    'build/c++14',
+    'build/c++tr1',
+    'build/deprecated',
+    'build/endif_comment',
+    'build/explicit_make_pair',
+    'build/forward_decl',
+    'build/header_guard',
+    'build/include',
+    'build/include_subdir',
+    'build/include_alpha',
+    'build/include_order',
+    'build/include_what_you_use',
+    'build/namespaces_literals',
+    'build/namespaces',
+    'build/printf_format',
+    'build/storage_class',
+    'legal/copyright',
+    'readability/alt_tokens',
+    'readability/braces',
+    'readability/casting',
+    'readability/check',
+    'readability/constructors',
+    'readability/fn_size',
+    'readability/inheritance',
+    'readability/multiline_comment',
+    'readability/multiline_string',
+    'readability/namespace',
+    'readability/nolint',
+    'readability/nul',
+    'readability/strings',
+    'readability/todo',
+    'readability/utf8',
+    'runtime/arrays',
+    'runtime/casting',
+    'runtime/explicit',
+    'runtime/int',
+    'runtime/init',
+    'runtime/invalid_increment',
+    'runtime/member_string_references',
+    'runtime/memset',
+    'runtime/indentation_namespace',
+    'runtime/operator',
+    'runtime/printf',
+    'runtime/printf_format',
+    'runtime/references',
+    'runtime/string',
+    'runtime/threadsafe_fn',
+    'runtime/vlog',
+    'whitespace/blank_line',
+    'whitespace/braces',
+    'whitespace/comma',
+    'whitespace/comments',
+    'whitespace/empty_conditional_body',
+    'whitespace/empty_if_body',
+    'whitespace/empty_loop_body',
+    'whitespace/end_of_line',
+    'whitespace/ending_newline',
+    'whitespace/forcolon',
+    'whitespace/indent',
+    'whitespace/line_length',
+    'whitespace/newline',
+    'whitespace/operators',
+    'whitespace/parens',
+    'whitespace/semicolon',
+    'whitespace/tab',
+    'whitespace/todo',
+    ]
+
+# These error categories are no longer enforced by cpplint, but for backwards-
+# compatibility they may still appear in NOLINT comments.
+_LEGACY_ERROR_CATEGORIES = [
+    'readability/streams',
+    'readability/function',
+    ]
+
+# The default state of the category filter. This is overridden by the --filter=
+# flag. By default all errors are on, so only add here categories that should be
+# off by default (i.e., categories that must be enabled by the --filter= flags).
+# All entries here should start with a '-' or '+', as in the --filter= flag.
+_DEFAULT_FILTERS = ['-build/include_alpha']
+
+# The default list of categories suppressed for C (not C++) files.
+_DEFAULT_C_SUPPRESSED_CATEGORIES = [
+    'readability/casting',
+    ]
+
+# The default list of categories suppressed for Linux Kernel files.
+_DEFAULT_KERNEL_SUPPRESSED_CATEGORIES = [
+    'whitespace/tab',
+    ]
+
+# We used to check for high-bit characters, but after much discussion we
+# decided those were OK, as long as they were in UTF-8 and didn't represent
+# hard-coded international strings, which belong in a separate i18n file.
+
+# C++ headers
+_CPP_HEADERS = frozenset([
+    # Legacy
+    'algobase.h',
+    'algo.h',
+    'alloc.h',
+    'builtinbuf.h',
+    'bvector.h',
+    'complex.h',
+    'defalloc.h',
+    'deque.h',
+    'editbuf.h',
+    'fstream.h',
+    'function.h',
+    'hash_map',
+    'hash_map.h',
+    'hash_set',
+    'hash_set.h',
+    'hashtable.h',
+    'heap.h',
+    'indstream.h',
+    'iomanip.h',
+    'iostream.h',
+    'istream.h',
+    'iterator.h',
+    'list.h',
+    'map.h',
+    'multimap.h',
+    'multiset.h',
+    'ostream.h',
+    'pair.h',
+    'parsestream.h',
+    'pfstream.h',
+    'procbuf.h',
+    'pthread_alloc',
+    'pthread_alloc.h',
+    'rope',
+    'rope.h',
+    'ropeimpl.h',
+    'set.h',
+    'slist',
+    'slist.h',
+    'stack.h',
+    'stdiostream.h',
+    'stl_alloc.h',
+    'stl_relops.h',
+    'streambuf.h',
+    'stream.h',
+    'strfile.h',
+    'strstream.h',
+    'tempbuf.h',
+    'tree.h',
+    'type_traits.h',
+    'vector.h',
+    # 17.6.1.2 C++ library headers
+    'algorithm',
+    'array',
+    'atomic',
+    'bitset',
+    'chrono',
+    'codecvt',
+    'complex',
+    'condition_variable',
+    'deque',
+    'exception',
+    'forward_list',
+    'fstream',
+    'functional',
+    'future',
+    'initializer_list',
+    'iomanip',
+    'ios',
+    'iosfwd',
+    'iostream',
+    'istream',
+    'iterator',
+    'limits',
+    'list',
+    'locale',
+    'map',
+    'memory',
+    'mutex',
+    'new',
+    'numeric',
+    'ostream',
+    'queue',
+    'random',
+    'ratio',
+    'regex',
+    'scoped_allocator',
+    'set',
+    'sstream',
+    'stack',
+    'stdexcept',
+    'streambuf',
+    'string',
+    'strstream',
+    'system_error',
+    'thread',
+    'tuple',
+    'typeindex',
+    'typeinfo',
+    'type_traits',
+    'unordered_map',
+    'unordered_set',
+    'utility',
+    'valarray',
+    'vector',
+    # 17.6.1.2 C++14 headers
+    'shared_mutex',
+    # 17.6.1.2 C++17 headers
+    'any',
+    'charconv',
+    'codecvt',
+    'execution',
+    'filesystem',
+    'memory_resource',
+    'optional',
+    'string_view',
+    'variant',
+    # 17.6.1.2 C++ headers for C library facilities
+    'cassert',
+    'ccomplex',
+    'cctype',
+    'cerrno',
+    'cfenv',
+    'cfloat',
+    'cinttypes',
+    'ciso646',
+    'climits',
+    'clocale',
+    'cmath',
+    'csetjmp',
+    'csignal',
+    'cstdalign',
+    'cstdarg',
+    'cstdbool',
+    'cstddef',
+    'cstdint',
+    'cstdio',
+    'cstdlib',
+    'cstring',
+    'ctgmath',
+    'ctime',
+    'cuchar',
+    'cwchar',
+    'cwctype',
+    ])
+
+# Type names
+_TYPES = re.compile(
+    r'^(?:'
+    # [dcl.type.simple]
+    r'(char(16_t|32_t)?)|wchar_t|'
+    r'bool|short|int|long|signed|unsigned|float|double|'
+    # [support.types]
+    r'(ptrdiff_t|size_t|max_align_t|nullptr_t)|'
+    # [cstdint.syn]
+    r'(u?int(_fast|_least)?(8|16|32|64)_t)|'
+    r'(u?int(max|ptr)_t)|'
+    r')$')
+
+
+# These headers are excluded from [build/include] and [build/include_order]
+# checks:
+# - Anything not following google file name conventions (containing an
+#   uppercase character, such as Python.h or nsStringAPI.h, for example).
+# - Lua headers.
+_THIRD_PARTY_HEADERS_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'^(?:[^/]*[A-Z][^/]*\.h|lua\.h|lauxlib\.h|lualib\.h)$')
+
+# Pattern for matching FileInfo.BaseName() against test file name
+_test_suffixes = ['_test', '_regtest', '_unittest']
+_TEST_FILE_SUFFIX = '(' + '|'.join(_test_suffixes) + r')$'
+
+# Pattern that matches only complete whitespace, possibly across multiple lines.
+_EMPTY_CONDITIONAL_BODY_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\s*$', re.DOTALL)
+
+# Assertion macros.  These are defined in base/logging.h and
+# testing/base/public/gunit.h.
+_CHECK_MACROS = [
+    'DCHECK', 'CHECK',
+    'EXPECT_TRUE', 'ASSERT_TRUE',
+    'EXPECT_FALSE', 'ASSERT_FALSE',
+    ]
+
+# Replacement macros for CHECK/DCHECK/EXPECT_TRUE/EXPECT_FALSE
+_CHECK_REPLACEMENT = dict([(macro_var, {}) for macro_var in _CHECK_MACROS])
+
+for op, replacement in [('==', 'EQ'), ('!=', 'NE'),
+                        ('>=', 'GE'), ('>', 'GT'),
+                        ('<=', 'LE'), ('<', 'LT')]:
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['DCHECK'][op] = 'DCHECK_%s' % replacement
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['CHECK'][op] = 'CHECK_%s' % replacement
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['EXPECT_TRUE'][op] = 'EXPECT_%s' % replacement
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['ASSERT_TRUE'][op] = 'ASSERT_%s' % replacement
+
+for op, inv_replacement in [('==', 'NE'), ('!=', 'EQ'),
+                            ('>=', 'LT'), ('>', 'LE'),
+                            ('<=', 'GT'), ('<', 'GE')]:
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['EXPECT_FALSE'][op] = 'EXPECT_%s' % inv_replacement
+  _CHECK_REPLACEMENT['ASSERT_FALSE'][op] = 'ASSERT_%s' % inv_replacement
+
+# Alternative tokens and their replacements.  For full list, see section 2.5
+# Alternative tokens [lex.digraph] in the C++ standard.
+#
+# Digraphs (such as '%:') are not included here since it's a mess to
+# match those on a word boundary.
+_ALT_TOKEN_REPLACEMENT = {
+    'and': '&&',
+    'bitor': '|',
+    'or': '||',
+    'xor': '^',
+    'compl': '~',
+    'bitand': '&',
+    'and_eq': '&=',
+    'or_eq': '|=',
+    'xor_eq': '^=',
+    'not': '!',
+    'not_eq': '!='
+    }
+
+# Compile regular expression that matches all the above keywords.  The "[ =()]"
+# bit is meant to avoid matching these keywords outside of boolean expressions.
+#
+# False positives include C-style multi-line comments and multi-line strings
+# but those have always been troublesome for cpplint.
+_ALT_TOKEN_REPLACEMENT_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'[ =()](' + ('|'.join(_ALT_TOKEN_REPLACEMENT.keys())) + r')(?=[ (]|$)')
+
+
+# These constants define types of headers for use with
+# _IncludeState.CheckNextIncludeOrder().
+_C_SYS_HEADER = 1
+_CPP_SYS_HEADER = 2
+_LIKELY_MY_HEADER = 3
+_POSSIBLE_MY_HEADER = 4
+_OTHER_HEADER = 5
+
+# These constants define the current inline assembly state
+_NO_ASM = 0       # Outside of inline assembly block
+_INSIDE_ASM = 1   # Inside inline assembly block
+_END_ASM = 2      # Last line of inline assembly block
+_BLOCK_ASM = 3    # The whole block is an inline assembly block
+
+# Match start of assembly blocks
+_MATCH_ASM = re.compile(r'^\s*(?:asm|_asm|__asm|__asm__)'
+                        r'(?:\s+(volatile|__volatile__))?'
+                        r'\s*[{(]')
+
+# Match strings that indicate we're working on a C (not C++) file.
+_SEARCH_C_FILE = re.compile(r'\b(?:LINT_C_FILE|'
+                            r'vim?:\s*.*(\s*|:)filetype=c(\s*|:|$))')
+
+# Match string that indicates we're working on a Linux Kernel file.
+_SEARCH_KERNEL_FILE = re.compile(r'\b(?:LINT_KERNEL_FILE)')
+
+_regexp_compile_cache = {}
+
+# {str, set(int)}: a map from error categories to sets of linenumbers
+# on which those errors are expected and should be suppressed.
+_error_suppressions = {}
+
+# The root directory used for deriving header guard CPP variable.
+# This is set by --root flag.
+_root = None
+_root_debug = False
+
+# The top level repository directory. If set, _root is calculated relative to
+# this directory instead of the directory containing version control artifacts.
+# This is set by the --repository flag.
+_repository = None
+
+# Files to exclude from linting. This is set by the --exclude flag.
+_excludes = None
+
+# Whether to supress PrintInfo messages
+_quiet = False
+
+# The allowed line length of files.
+# This is set by --linelength flag.
+_line_length = 80
+
+try:
+  unicode
+except NameError:
+  #  -- pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+  basestring = unicode = str
+
+try:
+  long
+except NameError:
+  #  -- pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+  long = int
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+  #  -- pylint: disable=no-member
+  # BINARY_TYPE = str
+  itervalues = dict.itervalues
+  iteritems = dict.iteritems
+else:
+  # BINARY_TYPE = bytes
+  itervalues = dict.values
+  iteritems = dict.items
+
+def unicode_escape_decode(x):
+  if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    return codecs.unicode_escape_decode(x)[0]
+  else:
+    return x
+
+# Treat all headers starting with 'h' equally: .h, .hpp, .hxx etc.
+# This is set by --headers flag.
+_hpp_headers = set(['h', 'hh', 'hpp', 'hxx', 'h++', 'cuh'])
+
+# {str, bool}: a map from error categories to booleans which indicate if the
+# category should be suppressed for every line.
+_global_error_suppressions = {}
+
+def ProcessHppHeadersOption(val):
+  global _hpp_headers
+  try:
+    _hpp_headers = set(val.split(','))
+    # Automatically append to extensions list so it does not have to be set 2 times
+    _valid_extensions.update(_hpp_headers)
+  except ValueError:
+    PrintUsage('Header extensions must be comma separated list.')
+
+def IsHeaderExtension(file_extension):
+  return file_extension in _hpp_headers
+
+def GetHeaderExtensions():
+  return _hpp_headers or ['h']
+
+# The allowed extensions for file names
+# This is set by --extensions flag
+def GetAllExtensions():
+  if not _valid_extensions:
+    return GetHeaderExtensions().union(set(['c', 'cc', 'cpp', 'cxx', 'c++', 'cu']))
+  return _valid_extensions
+
+def GetNonHeaderExtensions():
+  return GetAllExtensions().difference(GetHeaderExtensions())
+
+
+
+def ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_line, linenum, error):
+  """Updates the global list of line error-suppressions.
+
+  Parses any NOLINT comments on the current line, updating the global
+  error_suppressions store.  Reports an error if the NOLINT comment
+  was malformed.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: str, the name of the input file.
+    raw_line: str, the line of input text, with comments.
+    linenum: int, the number of the current line.
+    error: function, an error handler.
+  """
+  matched = Search(r'\bNOLINT(NEXTLINE)?\b(\([^)]+\))?', raw_line)
+  if matched:
+    if matched.group(1):
+      suppressed_line = linenum + 1
+    else:
+      suppressed_line = linenum
+    category = matched.group(2)
+    if category in (None, '(*)'):  # => "suppress all"
+      _error_suppressions.setdefault(None, set()).add(suppressed_line)
+    else:
+      if category.startswith('(') and category.endswith(')'):
+        category = category[1:-1]
+        if category in _ERROR_CATEGORIES:
+          _error_suppressions.setdefault(category, set()).add(suppressed_line)
+        elif category not in _LEGACY_ERROR_CATEGORIES:
+          error(filename, linenum, 'readability/nolint', 5,
+                'Unknown NOLINT error category: %s' % category)
+
+
+def ProcessGlobalSuppresions(lines):
+  """Updates the list of global error suppressions.
+
+  Parses any lint directives in the file that have global effect.
+
+  Args:
+    lines: An array of strings, each representing a line of the file, with the
+           last element being empty if the file is terminated with a newline.
+  """
+  for line in lines:
+    if _SEARCH_C_FILE.search(line):
+      for category in _DEFAULT_C_SUPPRESSED_CATEGORIES:
+        _global_error_suppressions[category] = True
+    if _SEARCH_KERNEL_FILE.search(line):
+      for category in _DEFAULT_KERNEL_SUPPRESSED_CATEGORIES:
+        _global_error_suppressions[category] = True
+
+
+def ResetNolintSuppressions():
+  """Resets the set of NOLINT suppressions to empty."""
+  _error_suppressions.clear()
+  _global_error_suppressions.clear()
+
+
+def IsErrorSuppressedByNolint(category, linenum):
+  """Returns true if the specified error category is suppressed on this line.
+
+  Consults the global error_suppressions map populated by
+  ParseNolintSuppressions/ProcessGlobalSuppresions/ResetNolintSuppressions.
+
+  Args:
+    category: str, the category of the error.
+    linenum: int, the current line number.
+  Returns:
+    bool, True iff the error should be suppressed due to a NOLINT comment or
+    global suppression.
+  """
+  return (_global_error_suppressions.get(category, False) or
+          linenum in _error_suppressions.get(category, set()) or
+          linenum in _error_suppressions.get(None, set()))
+
+
+def Match(pattern, s):
+  """Matches the string with the pattern, caching the compiled regexp."""
+  # The regexp compilation caching is inlined in both Match and Search for
+  # performance reasons; factoring it out into a separate function turns out
+  # to be noticeably expensive.
+  if pattern not in _regexp_compile_cache:
+    _regexp_compile_cache[pattern] = sre_compile.compile(pattern)
+  return _regexp_compile_cache[pattern].match(s)
+
+
+def ReplaceAll(pattern, rep, s):
+  """Replaces instances of pattern in a string with a replacement.
+
+  The compiled regex is kept in a cache shared by Match and Search.
+
+  Args:
+    pattern: regex pattern
+    rep: replacement text
+    s: search string
+
+  Returns:
+    string with replacements made (or original string if no replacements)
+  """
+  if pattern not in _regexp_compile_cache:
+    _regexp_compile_cache[pattern] = sre_compile.compile(pattern)
+  return _regexp_compile_cache[pattern].sub(rep, s)
+
+
+def Search(pattern, s):
+  """Searches the string for the pattern, caching the compiled regexp."""
+  if pattern not in _regexp_compile_cache:
+    _regexp_compile_cache[pattern] = sre_compile.compile(pattern)
+  return _regexp_compile_cache[pattern].search(s)
+
+
+def _IsSourceExtension(s):
+  """File extension (excluding dot) matches a source file extension."""
+  return s in GetNonHeaderExtensions()
+
+
+class _IncludeState(object):
+  """Tracks line numbers for includes, and the order in which includes appear.
+
+  include_list contains list of lists of (header, line number) pairs.
+  It's a lists of lists rather than just one flat list to make it
+  easier to update across preprocessor boundaries.
+
+  Call CheckNextIncludeOrder() once for each header in the file, passing
+  in the type constants defined above. Calls in an illegal order will
+  raise an _IncludeError with an appropriate error message.
+
+  """
+  # self._section will move monotonically through this set. If it ever
+  # needs to move backwards, CheckNextIncludeOrder will raise an error.
+  _INITIAL_SECTION = 0
+  _MY_H_SECTION = 1
+  _C_SECTION = 2
+  _CPP_SECTION = 3
+  _OTHER_H_SECTION = 4
+
+  _TYPE_NAMES = {
+      _C_SYS_HEADER: 'C system header',
+      _CPP_SYS_HEADER: 'C++ system header',
+      _LIKELY_MY_HEADER: 'header this file implements',
+      _POSSIBLE_MY_HEADER: 'header this file may implement',
+      _OTHER_HEADER: 'other header',
+      }
+  _SECTION_NAMES = {
+      _INITIAL_SECTION: "... nothing. (This can't be an error.)",
+      _MY_H_SECTION: 'a header this file implements',
+      _C_SECTION: 'C system header',
+      _CPP_SECTION: 'C++ system header',
+      _OTHER_H_SECTION: 'other header',
+      }
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.include_list = [[]]
+    self._section = None
+    self._last_header = None
+    self.ResetSection('')
+
+  def FindHeader(self, header):
+    """Check if a header has already been included.
+
+    Args:
+      header: header to check.
+    Returns:
+      Line number of previous occurrence, or -1 if the header has not
+      been seen before.
+    """
+    for section_list in self.include_list:
+      for f in section_list:
+        if f[0] == header:
+          return f[1]
+    return -1
+
+  def ResetSection(self, directive):
+    """Reset section checking for preprocessor directive.
+
+    Args:
+      directive: preprocessor directive (e.g. "if", "else").
+    """
+    # The name of the current section.
+    self._section = self._INITIAL_SECTION
+    # The path of last found header.
+    self._last_header = ''
+
+    # Update list of includes.  Note that we never pop from the
+    # include list.
+    if directive in ('if', 'ifdef', 'ifndef'):
+      self.include_list.append([])
+    elif directive in ('else', 'elif'):
+      self.include_list[-1] = []
+
+  def SetLastHeader(self, header_path):
+    self._last_header = header_path
+
+  def CanonicalizeAlphabeticalOrder(self, header_path):
+    """Returns a path canonicalized for alphabetical comparison.
+
+    - replaces "-" with "_" so they both cmp the same.
+    - removes '-inl' since we don't require them to be after the main header.
+    - lowercase everything, just in case.
+
+    Args:
+      header_path: Path to be canonicalized.
+
+    Returns:
+      Canonicalized path.
+    """
+    return header_path.replace('-inl.h', '.h').replace('-', '_').lower()
+
+  def IsInAlphabeticalOrder(self, clean_lines, linenum, header_path):
+    """Check if a header is in alphabetical order with the previous header.
+
+    Args:
+      clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+      header_path: Canonicalized header to be checked.
+
+    Returns:
+      Returns true if the header is in alphabetical order.
+    """
+    # If previous section is different from current section, _last_header will
+    # be reset to empty string, so it's always less than current header.
+    #
+    # If previous line was a blank line, assume that the headers are
+    # intentionally sorted the way they are.
+    if (self._last_header > header_path and
+        Match(r'^\s*#\s*include\b', clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1])):
+      return False
+    return True
+
+  def CheckNextIncludeOrder(self, header_type):
+    """Returns a non-empty error message if the next header is out of order.
+
+    This function also updates the internal state to be ready to check
+    the next include.
+
+    Args:
+      header_type: One of the _XXX_HEADER constants defined above.
+
+    Returns:
+      The empty string if the header is in the right order, or an
+      error message describing what's wrong.
+
+    """
+    error_message = ('Found %s after %s' %
+                     (self._TYPE_NAMES[header_type],
+                      self._SECTION_NAMES[self._section]))
+
+    last_section = self._section
+
+    if header_type == _C_SYS_HEADER:
+      if self._section <= self._C_SECTION:
+        self._section = self._C_SECTION
+      else:
+        self._last_header = ''
+        return error_message
+    elif header_type == _CPP_SYS_HEADER:
+      if self._section <= self._CPP_SECTION:
+        self._section = self._CPP_SECTION
+      else:
+        self._last_header = ''
+        return error_message
+    elif header_type == _LIKELY_MY_HEADER:
+      if self._section <= self._MY_H_SECTION:
+        self._section = self._MY_H_SECTION
+      else:
+        self._section = self._OTHER_H_SECTION
+    elif header_type == _POSSIBLE_MY_HEADER:
+      if self._section <= self._MY_H_SECTION:
+        self._section = self._MY_H_SECTION
+      else:
+        # This will always be the fallback because we're not sure
+        # enough that the header is associated with this file.
+        self._section = self._OTHER_H_SECTION
+    else:
+      assert header_type == _OTHER_HEADER
+      self._section = self._OTHER_H_SECTION
+
+    if last_section != self._section:
+      self._last_header = ''
+
+    return ''
+
+
+class _CppLintState(object):
+  """Maintains module-wide state.."""
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.verbose_level = 1  # global setting.
+    self.error_count = 0    # global count of reported errors
+    # filters to apply when emitting error messages
+    self.filters = _DEFAULT_FILTERS[:]
+    # backup of filter list. Used to restore the state after each file.
+    self._filters_backup = self.filters[:]
+    self.counting = 'total'  # In what way are we counting errors?
+    self.errors_by_category = {}  # string to int dict storing error counts
+    self.quiet = False  # Suppress non-error messagess?
+
+    # output format:
+    # "emacs" - format that emacs can parse (default)
+    # "eclipse" - format that eclipse can parse
+    # "vs7" - format that Microsoft Visual Studio 7 can parse
+    # "junit" - format that Jenkins, Bamboo, etc can parse
+    self.output_format = 'emacs'
+
+    # For JUnit output, save errors and failures until the end so that they
+    # can be written into the XML
+    self._junit_errors = []
+    self._junit_failures = []
+
+  def SetOutputFormat(self, output_format):
+    """Sets the output format for errors."""
+    self.output_format = output_format
+
+  def SetQuiet(self, quiet):
+    """Sets the module's quiet settings, and returns the previous setting."""
+    last_quiet = self.quiet
+    self.quiet = quiet
+    return last_quiet
+
+  def SetVerboseLevel(self, level):
+    """Sets the module's verbosity, and returns the previous setting."""
+    last_verbose_level = self.verbose_level
+    self.verbose_level = level
+    return last_verbose_level
+
+  def SetCountingStyle(self, counting_style):
+    """Sets the module's counting options."""
+    self.counting = counting_style
+
+  def SetFilters(self, filters):
+    """Sets the error-message filters.
+
+    These filters are applied when deciding whether to emit a given
+    error message.
+
+    Args:
+      filters: A string of comma-separated filters (eg "+whitespace/indent").
+               Each filter should start with + or -; else we die.
+
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: The comma-separated filters did not all start with '+' or '-'.
+                  E.g. "-,+whitespace,-whitespace/indent,whitespace/badfilter"
+    """
+    # Default filters always have less priority than the flag ones.
+    self.filters = _DEFAULT_FILTERS[:]
+    self.AddFilters(filters)
+
+  def AddFilters(self, filters):
+    """ Adds more filters to the existing list of error-message filters. """
+    for filt in filters.split(','):
+      clean_filt = filt.strip()
+      if clean_filt:
+        self.filters.append(clean_filt)
+    for filt in self.filters:
+      if not (filt.startswith('+') or filt.startswith('-')):
+        raise ValueError('Every filter in --filters must start with + or -'
+                         ' (%s does not)' % filt)
+
+  def BackupFilters(self):
+    """ Saves the current filter list to backup storage."""
+    self._filters_backup = self.filters[:]
+
+  def RestoreFilters(self):
+    """ Restores filters previously backed up."""
+    self.filters = self._filters_backup[:]
+
+  def ResetErrorCounts(self):
+    """Sets the module's error statistic back to zero."""
+    self.error_count = 0
+    self.errors_by_category = {}
+
+  def IncrementErrorCount(self, category):
+    """Bumps the module's error statistic."""
+    self.error_count += 1
+    if self.counting in ('toplevel', 'detailed'):
+      if self.counting != 'detailed':
+        category = category.split('/')[0]
+      if category not in self.errors_by_category:
+        self.errors_by_category[category] = 0
+      self.errors_by_category[category] += 1
+
+  def PrintErrorCounts(self):
+    """Print a summary of errors by category, and the total."""
+    for category, count in sorted(iteritems(self.errors_by_category)):
+      self.PrintInfo('Category \'%s\' errors found: %d\n' %
+                       (category, count))
+    if self.error_count > 0:
+      self.PrintInfo('Total errors found: %d\n' % self.error_count)
+
+  def PrintInfo(self, message):
+    if not _quiet and self.output_format != 'junit':
+      sys.stdout.write(message)
+
+  def PrintError(self, message):
+    if self.output_format == 'junit':
+      self._junit_errors.append(message)
+    else:
+      sys.stderr.write(message)
+
+  def AddJUnitFailure(self, filename, linenum, message, category, confidence):
+    self._junit_failures.append((filename, linenum, message, category,
+        confidence))
+
+  def FormatJUnitXML(self):
+    num_errors = len(self._junit_errors)
+    num_failures = len(self._junit_failures)
+
+    testsuite = xml.etree.ElementTree.Element('testsuite')
+    testsuite.attrib['name'] = 'cpplint'
+    testsuite.attrib['errors'] = str(num_errors)
+    testsuite.attrib['failures'] = str(num_failures)
+
+    if num_errors == 0 and num_failures == 0:
+      testsuite.attrib['tests'] = str(1)
+      xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(testsuite, 'testcase', name='passed')
+
+    else:
+      testsuite.attrib['tests'] = str(num_errors + num_failures)
+      if num_errors > 0:
+        testcase = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(testsuite, 'testcase')
+        testcase.attrib['name'] = 'errors'
+        error = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(testcase, 'error')
+        error.text = '\n'.join(self._junit_errors)
+      if num_failures > 0:
+        # Group failures by file
+        failed_file_order = []
+        failures_by_file = {}
+        for failure in self._junit_failures:
+          failed_file = failure[0]
+          if failed_file not in failed_file_order:
+            failed_file_order.append(failed_file)
+            failures_by_file[failed_file] = []
+          failures_by_file[failed_file].append(failure)
+        # Create a testcase for each file
+        for failed_file in failed_file_order:
+          failures = failures_by_file[failed_file]
+          testcase = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(testsuite, 'testcase')
+          testcase.attrib['name'] = failed_file
+          failure = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(testcase, 'failure')
+          template = '{0}: {1} [{2}] [{3}]'
+          texts = [template.format(f[1], f[2], f[3], f[4]) for f in failures]
+          failure.text = '\n'.join(texts)
+
+    xml_decl = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>\n'
+    return xml_decl + xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(testsuite, 'utf-8').decode('utf-8')
+
+
+_cpplint_state = _CppLintState()
+
+
+def _OutputFormat():
+  """Gets the module's output format."""
+  return _cpplint_state.output_format
+
+
+def _SetOutputFormat(output_format):
+  """Sets the module's output format."""
+  _cpplint_state.SetOutputFormat(output_format)
+
+def _Quiet():
+  """Return's the module's quiet setting."""
+  return _cpplint_state.quiet
+
+def _SetQuiet(quiet):
+  """Set the module's quiet status, and return previous setting."""
+  return _cpplint_state.SetQuiet(quiet)
+
+
+def _VerboseLevel():
+  """Returns the module's verbosity setting."""
+  return _cpplint_state.verbose_level
+
+
+def _SetVerboseLevel(level):
+  """Sets the module's verbosity, and returns the previous setting."""
+  return _cpplint_state.SetVerboseLevel(level)
+
+
+def _SetCountingStyle(level):
+  """Sets the module's counting options."""
+  _cpplint_state.SetCountingStyle(level)
+
+
+def _Filters():
+  """Returns the module's list of output filters, as a list."""
+  return _cpplint_state.filters
+
+
+def _SetFilters(filters):
+  """Sets the module's error-message filters.
+
+  These filters are applied when deciding whether to emit a given
+  error message.
+
+  Args:
+    filters: A string of comma-separated filters (eg "whitespace/indent").
+             Each filter should start with + or -; else we die.
+  """
+  _cpplint_state.SetFilters(filters)
+
+def _AddFilters(filters):
+  """Adds more filter overrides.
+
+  Unlike _SetFilters, this function does not reset the current list of filters
+  available.
+
+  Args:
+    filters: A string of comma-separated filters (eg "whitespace/indent").
+             Each filter should start with + or -; else we die.
+  """
+  _cpplint_state.AddFilters(filters)
+
+def _BackupFilters():
+  """ Saves the current filter list to backup storage."""
+  _cpplint_state.BackupFilters()
+
+def _RestoreFilters():
+  """ Restores filters previously backed up."""
+  _cpplint_state.RestoreFilters()
+
+class _FunctionState(object):
+  """Tracks current function name and the number of lines in its body."""
+
+  _NORMAL_TRIGGER = 250  # for --v=0, 500 for --v=1, etc.
+  _TEST_TRIGGER = 400    # about 50% more than _NORMAL_TRIGGER.
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.in_a_function = False
+    self.lines_in_function = 0
+    self.current_function = ''
+
+  def Begin(self, function_name):
+    """Start analyzing function body.
+
+    Args:
+      function_name: The name of the function being tracked.
+    """
+    self.in_a_function = True
+    self.lines_in_function = 0
+    self.current_function = function_name
+
+  def Count(self):
+    """Count line in current function body."""
+    if self.in_a_function:
+      self.lines_in_function += 1
+
+  def Check(self, error, filename, linenum):
+    """Report if too many lines in function body.
+
+    Args:
+      error: The function to call with any errors found.
+      filename: The name of the current file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    """
+    if not self.in_a_function:
+      return
+
+    if Match(r'T(EST|est)', self.current_function):
+      base_trigger = self._TEST_TRIGGER
+    else:
+      base_trigger = self._NORMAL_TRIGGER
+    trigger = base_trigger * 2**_VerboseLevel()
+
+    if self.lines_in_function > trigger:
+      error_level = int(math.log(self.lines_in_function / base_trigger, 2))
+      # 50 => 0, 100 => 1, 200 => 2, 400 => 3, 800 => 4, 1600 => 5, ...
+      if error_level > 5:
+        error_level = 5
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/fn_size', error_level,
+            'Small and focused functions are preferred:'
+            ' %s has %d non-comment lines'
+            ' (error triggered by exceeding %d lines).'  % (
+                self.current_function, self.lines_in_function, trigger))
+
+  def End(self):
+    """Stop analyzing function body."""
+    self.in_a_function = False
+
+
+class _IncludeError(Exception):
+  """Indicates a problem with the include order in a file."""
+  pass
+
+
+class FileInfo(object):
+  """Provides utility functions for filenames.
+
+  FileInfo provides easy access to the components of a file's path
+  relative to the project root.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, filename):
+    self._filename = filename
+
+  def FullName(self):
+    """Make Windows paths like Unix."""
+    return os.path.abspath(self._filename).replace('\\', '/')
+
+  def RepositoryName(self):
+    r"""FullName after removing the local path to the repository.
+
+    If we have a real absolute path name here we can try to do something smart:
+    detecting the root of the checkout and truncating /path/to/checkout from
+    the name so that we get header guards that don't include things like
+    "C:\Documents and Settings\..." or "/home/username/..." in them and thus
+    people on different computers who have checked the source out to different
+    locations won't see bogus errors.
+    """
+    fullname = self.FullName()
+
+    if os.path.exists(fullname):
+      project_dir = os.path.dirname(fullname)
+
+      # If the user specified a repository path, it exists, and the file is
+      # contained in it, use the specified repository path
+      if _repository:
+        repo = FileInfo(_repository).FullName()
+        root_dir = project_dir
+        while os.path.exists(root_dir):
+          # allow case insensitive compare on Windows
+          if os.path.normcase(root_dir) == os.path.normcase(repo):
+            return os.path.relpath(fullname, root_dir).replace('\\', '/')
+          one_up_dir = os.path.dirname(root_dir)
+          if one_up_dir == root_dir:
+            break
+          root_dir = one_up_dir
+
+      if os.path.exists(os.path.join(project_dir, ".svn")):
+        # If there's a .svn file in the current directory, we recursively look
+        # up the directory tree for the top of the SVN checkout
+        root_dir = project_dir
+        one_up_dir = os.path.dirname(root_dir)
+        while os.path.exists(os.path.join(one_up_dir, ".svn")):
+          root_dir = os.path.dirname(root_dir)
+          one_up_dir = os.path.dirname(one_up_dir)
+
+        prefix = os.path.commonprefix([root_dir, project_dir])
+        return fullname[len(prefix) + 1:]
+
+      # Not SVN <= 1.6? Try to find a git, hg, or svn top level directory by
+      # searching up from the current path.
+      root_dir = current_dir = os.path.dirname(fullname)
+      while current_dir != os.path.dirname(current_dir):
+        if (os.path.exists(os.path.join(current_dir, ".git")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(current_dir, ".hg")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(current_dir, ".svn"))):
+          root_dir = current_dir
+        current_dir = os.path.dirname(current_dir)
+
+      if (os.path.exists(os.path.join(root_dir, ".git")) or
+          os.path.exists(os.path.join(root_dir, ".hg")) or
+          os.path.exists(os.path.join(root_dir, ".svn"))):
+        prefix = os.path.commonprefix([root_dir, project_dir])
+        return fullname[len(prefix) + 1:]
+
+    # Don't know what to do; header guard warnings may be wrong...
+    return fullname
+
+  def Split(self):
+    """Splits the file into the directory, basename, and extension.
+
+    For 'chrome/browser/browser.cc', Split() would
+    return ('chrome/browser', 'browser', '.cc')
+
+    Returns:
+      A tuple of (directory, basename, extension).
+    """
+
+    googlename = self.RepositoryName()
+    project, rest = os.path.split(googlename)
+    return (project,) + os.path.splitext(rest)
+
+  def BaseName(self):
+    """File base name - text after the final slash, before the final period."""
+    return self.Split()[1]
+
+  def Extension(self):
+    """File extension - text following the final period, includes that period."""
+    return self.Split()[2]
+
+  def NoExtension(self):
+    """File has no source file extension."""
+    return '/'.join(self.Split()[0:2])
+
+  def IsSource(self):
+    """File has a source file extension."""
+    return _IsSourceExtension(self.Extension()[1:])
+
+
+def _ShouldPrintError(category, confidence, linenum):
+  """If confidence >= verbose, category passes filter and is not suppressed."""
+
+  # There are three ways we might decide not to print an error message:
+  # a "NOLINT(category)" comment appears in the source,
+  # the verbosity level isn't high enough, or the filters filter it out.
+  if IsErrorSuppressedByNolint(category, linenum):
+    return False
+
+  if confidence < _cpplint_state.verbose_level:
+    return False
+
+  is_filtered = False
+  for one_filter in _Filters():
+    if one_filter.startswith('-'):
+      if category.startswith(one_filter[1:]):
+        is_filtered = True
+    elif one_filter.startswith('+'):
+      if category.startswith(one_filter[1:]):
+        is_filtered = False
+    else:
+      assert False  # should have been checked for in SetFilter.
+  if is_filtered:
+    return False
+
+  return True
+
+
+def Error(filename, linenum, category, confidence, message):
+  """Logs the fact we've found a lint error.
+
+  We log where the error was found, and also our confidence in the error,
+  that is, how certain we are this is a legitimate style regression, and
+  not a misidentification or a use that's sometimes justified.
+
+  False positives can be suppressed by the use of
+  "cpplint(category)"  comments on the offending line.  These are
+  parsed into _error_suppressions.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the file containing the error.
+    linenum: The number of the line containing the error.
+    category: A string used to describe the "category" this bug
+      falls under: "whitespace", say, or "runtime".  Categories
+      may have a hierarchy separated by slashes: "whitespace/indent".
+    confidence: A number from 1-5 representing a confidence score for
+      the error, with 5 meaning that we are certain of the problem,
+      and 1 meaning that it could be a legitimate construct.
+    message: The error message.
+  """
+  if _ShouldPrintError(category, confidence, linenum):
+    _cpplint_state.IncrementErrorCount(category)
+    if _cpplint_state.output_format == 'vs7':
+      _cpplint_state.PrintError('%s(%s): error cpplint: [%s] %s [%d]\n' % (
+          filename, linenum, category, message, confidence))
+    elif _cpplint_state.output_format == 'eclipse':
+      sys.stderr.write('%s:%s: warning: %s  [%s] [%d]\n' % (
+          filename, linenum, message, category, confidence))
+    elif _cpplint_state.output_format == 'junit':
+      _cpplint_state.AddJUnitFailure(filename, linenum, message, category,
+          confidence)
+    else:
+      final_message = '%s:%s:  %s  [%s] [%d]\n' % (
+          filename, linenum, message, category, confidence)
+      sys.stderr.write(final_message)
+
+# Matches standard C++ escape sequences per 2.13.2.3 of the C++ standard.
+_RE_PATTERN_CLEANSE_LINE_ESCAPES = re.compile(
+    r'\\([abfnrtv?"\\\']|\d+|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)')
+# Match a single C style comment on the same line.
+_RE_PATTERN_C_COMMENTS = r'/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*\*/'
+# Matches multi-line C style comments.
+# This RE is a little bit more complicated than one might expect, because we
+# have to take care of space removals tools so we can handle comments inside
+# statements better.
+# The current rule is: We only clear spaces from both sides when we're at the
+# end of the line. Otherwise, we try to remove spaces from the right side,
+# if this doesn't work we try on left side but only if there's a non-character
+# on the right.
+_RE_PATTERN_CLEANSE_LINE_C_COMMENTS = re.compile(
+    r'(\s*' + _RE_PATTERN_C_COMMENTS + r'\s*$|' +
+    _RE_PATTERN_C_COMMENTS + r'\s+|' +
+    r'\s+' + _RE_PATTERN_C_COMMENTS + r'(?=\W)|' +
+    _RE_PATTERN_C_COMMENTS + r')')
+
+
+def IsCppString(line):
+  """Does line terminate so, that the next symbol is in string constant.
+
+  This function does not consider single-line nor multi-line comments.
+
+  Args:
+    line: is a partial line of code starting from the 0..n.
+
+  Returns:
+    True, if next character appended to 'line' is inside a
+    string constant.
+  """
+
+  line = line.replace(r'\\', 'XX')  # after this, \\" does not match to \"
+  return ((line.count('"') - line.count(r'\"') - line.count("'\"'")) & 1) == 1
+
+
+def CleanseRawStrings(raw_lines):
+  """Removes C++11 raw strings from lines.
+
+    Before:
+      static const char kData[] = R"(
+          multi-line string
+          )";
+
+    After:
+      static const char kData[] = ""
+          (replaced by blank line)
+          "";
+
+  Args:
+    raw_lines: list of raw lines.
+
+  Returns:
+    list of lines with C++11 raw strings replaced by empty strings.
+  """
+
+  delimiter = None
+  lines_without_raw_strings = []
+  for line in raw_lines:
+    if delimiter:
+      # Inside a raw string, look for the end
+      end = line.find(delimiter)
+      if end >= 0:
+        # Found the end of the string, match leading space for this
+        # line and resume copying the original lines, and also insert
+        # a "" on the last line.
+        leading_space = Match(r'^(\s*)\S', line)
+        line = leading_space.group(1) + '""' + line[end + len(delimiter):]
+        delimiter = None
+      else:
+        # Haven't found the end yet, append a blank line.
+        line = '""'
+
+    # Look for beginning of a raw string, and replace them with
+    # empty strings.  This is done in a loop to handle multiple raw
+    # strings on the same line.
+    while delimiter is None:
+      # Look for beginning of a raw string.
+      # See 2.14.15 [lex.string] for syntax.
+      #
+      # Once we have matched a raw string, we check the prefix of the
+      # line to make sure that the line is not part of a single line
+      # comment.  It's done this way because we remove raw strings
+      # before removing comments as opposed to removing comments
+      # before removing raw strings.  This is because there are some
+      # cpplint checks that requires the comments to be preserved, but
+      # we don't want to check comments that are inside raw strings.
+      matched = Match(r'^(.*?)\b(?:R|u8R|uR|UR|LR)"([^\s\\()]*)\((.*)$', line)
+      if (matched and
+          not Match(r'^([^\'"]|\'(\\.|[^\'])*\'|"(\\.|[^"])*")*//',
+                    matched.group(1))):
+        delimiter = ')' + matched.group(2) + '"'
+
+        end = matched.group(3).find(delimiter)
+        if end >= 0:
+          # Raw string ended on same line
+          line = (matched.group(1) + '""' +
+                  matched.group(3)[end + len(delimiter):])
+          delimiter = None
+        else:
+          # Start of a multi-line raw string
+          line = matched.group(1) + '""'
+      else:
+        break
+
+    lines_without_raw_strings.append(line)
+
+  # TODO(unknown): if delimiter is not None here, we might want to
+  # emit a warning for unterminated string.
+  return lines_without_raw_strings
+
+
+def FindNextMultiLineCommentStart(lines, lineix):
+  """Find the beginning marker for a multiline comment."""
+  while lineix < len(lines):
+    if lines[lineix].strip().startswith('/*'):
+      # Only return this marker if the comment goes beyond this line
+      if lines[lineix].strip().find('*/', 2) < 0:
+        return lineix
+    lineix += 1
+  return len(lines)
+
+
+def FindNextMultiLineCommentEnd(lines, lineix):
+  """We are inside a comment, find the end marker."""
+  while lineix < len(lines):
+    if lines[lineix].strip().endswith('*/'):
+      return lineix
+    lineix += 1
+  return len(lines)
+
+
+def RemoveMultiLineCommentsFromRange(lines, begin, end):
+  """Clears a range of lines for multi-line comments."""
+  # Having // dummy comments makes the lines non-empty, so we will not get
+  # unnecessary blank line warnings later in the code.
+  for i in range(begin, end):
+    lines[i] = '/**/'
+
+
+def RemoveMultiLineComments(filename, lines, error):
+  """Removes multiline (c-style) comments from lines."""
+  lineix = 0
+  while lineix < len(lines):
+    lineix_begin = FindNextMultiLineCommentStart(lines, lineix)
+    if lineix_begin >= len(lines):
+      return
+    lineix_end = FindNextMultiLineCommentEnd(lines, lineix_begin)
+    if lineix_end >= len(lines):
+      error(filename, lineix_begin + 1, 'readability/multiline_comment', 5,
+            'Could not find end of multi-line comment')
+      return
+    RemoveMultiLineCommentsFromRange(lines, lineix_begin, lineix_end + 1)
+    lineix = lineix_end + 1
+
+
+def CleanseComments(line):
+  """Removes //-comments and single-line C-style /* */ comments.
+
+  Args:
+    line: A line of C++ source.
+
+  Returns:
+    The line with single-line comments removed.
+  """
+  commentpos = line.find('//')
+  if commentpos != -1 and not IsCppString(line[:commentpos]):
+    line = line[:commentpos].rstrip()
+  # get rid of /* ... */
+  return _RE_PATTERN_CLEANSE_LINE_C_COMMENTS.sub('', line)
+
+
+class CleansedLines(object):
+  """Holds 4 copies of all lines with different preprocessing applied to them.
+
+  1) elided member contains lines without strings and comments.
+  2) lines member contains lines without comments.
+  3) raw_lines member contains all the lines without processing.
+  4) lines_without_raw_strings member is same as raw_lines, but with C++11 raw
+     strings removed.
+  All these members are of <type 'list'>, and of the same length.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, lines):
+    self.elided = []
+    self.lines = []
+    self.raw_lines = lines
+    self.num_lines = len(lines)
+    self.lines_without_raw_strings = CleanseRawStrings(lines)
+    for linenum in range(len(self.lines_without_raw_strings)):
+      self.lines.append(CleanseComments(
+          self.lines_without_raw_strings[linenum]))
+      elided = self._CollapseStrings(self.lines_without_raw_strings[linenum])
+      self.elided.append(CleanseComments(elided))
+
+  def NumLines(self):
+    """Returns the number of lines represented."""
+    return self.num_lines
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def _CollapseStrings(elided):
+    """Collapses strings and chars on a line to simple "" or '' blocks.
+
+    We nix strings first so we're not fooled by text like '"http://"'
+
+    Args:
+      elided: The line being processed.
+
+    Returns:
+      The line with collapsed strings.
+    """
+    if _RE_PATTERN_INCLUDE.match(elided):
+      return elided
+
+    # Remove escaped characters first to make quote/single quote collapsing
+    # basic.  Things that look like escaped characters shouldn't occur
+    # outside of strings and chars.
+    elided = _RE_PATTERN_CLEANSE_LINE_ESCAPES.sub('', elided)
+
+    # Replace quoted strings and digit separators.  Both single quotes
+    # and double quotes are processed in the same loop, otherwise
+    # nested quotes wouldn't work.
+    collapsed = ''
+    while True:
+      # Find the first quote character
+      match = Match(r'^([^\'"]*)([\'"])(.*)$', elided)
+      if not match:
+        collapsed += elided
+        break
+      head, quote, tail = match.groups()
+
+      if quote == '"':
+        # Collapse double quoted strings
+        second_quote = tail.find('"')
+        if second_quote >= 0:
+          collapsed += head + '""'
+          elided = tail[second_quote + 1:]
+        else:
+          # Unmatched double quote, don't bother processing the rest
+          # of the line since this is probably a multiline string.
+          collapsed += elided
+          break
+      else:
+        # Found single quote, check nearby text to eliminate digit separators.
+        #
+        # There is no special handling for floating point here, because
+        # the integer/fractional/exponent parts would all be parsed
+        # correctly as long as there are digits on both sides of the
+        # separator.  So we are fine as long as we don't see something
+        # like "0.'3" (gcc 4.9.0 will not allow this literal).
+        if Search(r'\b(?:0[bBxX]?|[1-9])[0-9a-fA-F]*$', head):
+          match_literal = Match(r'^((?:\'?[0-9a-zA-Z_])*)(.*)$', "'" + tail)
+          collapsed += head + match_literal.group(1).replace("'", '')
+          elided = match_literal.group(2)
+        else:
+          second_quote = tail.find('\'')
+          if second_quote >= 0:
+            collapsed += head + "''"
+            elided = tail[second_quote + 1:]
+          else:
+            # Unmatched single quote
+            collapsed += elided
+            break
+
+    return collapsed
+
+
+def FindEndOfExpressionInLine(line, startpos, stack):
+  """Find the position just after the end of current parenthesized expression.
+
+  Args:
+    line: a CleansedLines line.
+    startpos: start searching at this position.
+    stack: nesting stack at startpos.
+
+  Returns:
+    On finding matching end: (index just after matching end, None)
+    On finding an unclosed expression: (-1, None)
+    Otherwise: (-1, new stack at end of this line)
+  """
+  for i in xrange(startpos, len(line)):
+    char = line[i]
+    if char in '([{':
+      # Found start of parenthesized expression, push to expression stack
+      stack.append(char)
+    elif char == '<':
+      # Found potential start of template argument list
+      if i > 0 and line[i - 1] == '<':
+        # Left shift operator
+        if stack and stack[-1] == '<':
+          stack.pop()
+          if not stack:
+            return (-1, None)
+      elif i > 0 and Search(r'\boperator\s*$', line[0:i]):
+        # operator<, don't add to stack
+        continue
+      else:
+        # Tentative start of template argument list
+        stack.append('<')
+    elif char in ')]}':
+      # Found end of parenthesized expression.
+      #
+      # If we are currently expecting a matching '>', the pending '<'
+      # must have been an operator.  Remove them from expression stack.
+      while stack and stack[-1] == '<':
+        stack.pop()
+      if not stack:
+        return (-1, None)
+      if ((stack[-1] == '(' and char == ')') or
+          (stack[-1] == '[' and char == ']') or
+          (stack[-1] == '{' and char == '}')):
+        stack.pop()
+        if not stack:
+          return (i + 1, None)
+      else:
+        # Mismatched parentheses
+        return (-1, None)
+    elif char == '>':
+      # Found potential end of template argument list.
+
+      # Ignore "->" and operator functions
+      if (i > 0 and
+          (line[i - 1] == '-' or Search(r'\boperator\s*$', line[0:i - 1]))):
+        continue
+
+      # Pop the stack if there is a matching '<'.  Otherwise, ignore
+      # this '>' since it must be an operator.
+      if stack:
+        if stack[-1] == '<':
+          stack.pop()
+          if not stack:
+            return (i + 1, None)
+    elif char == ';':
+      # Found something that look like end of statements.  If we are currently
+      # expecting a '>', the matching '<' must have been an operator, since
+      # template argument list should not contain statements.
+      while stack and stack[-1] == '<':
+        stack.pop()
+      if not stack:
+        return (-1, None)
+
+  # Did not find end of expression or unbalanced parentheses on this line
+  return (-1, stack)
+
+
+def CloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, pos):
+  """If input points to ( or { or [ or <, finds the position that closes it.
+
+  If lines[linenum][pos] points to a '(' or '{' or '[' or '<', finds the
+  linenum/pos that correspond to the closing of the expression.
+
+  TODO(unknown): cpplint spends a fair bit of time matching parentheses.
+  Ideally we would want to index all opening and closing parentheses once
+  and have CloseExpression be just a simple lookup, but due to preprocessor
+  tricks, this is not so easy.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    pos: A position on the line.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple (line, linenum, pos) pointer *past* the closing brace, or
+    (line, len(lines), -1) if we never find a close.  Note we ignore
+    strings and comments when matching; and the line we return is the
+    'cleansed' line at linenum.
+  """
+
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if (line[pos] not in '({[<') or Match(r'<[<=]', line[pos:]):
+    return (line, clean_lines.NumLines(), -1)
+
+  # Check first line
+  (end_pos, stack) = FindEndOfExpressionInLine(line, pos, [])
+  if end_pos > -1:
+    return (line, linenum, end_pos)
+
+  # Continue scanning forward
+  while stack and linenum < clean_lines.NumLines() - 1:
+    linenum += 1
+    line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+    (end_pos, stack) = FindEndOfExpressionInLine(line, 0, stack)
+    if end_pos > -1:
+      return (line, linenum, end_pos)
+
+  # Did not find end of expression before end of file, give up
+  return (line, clean_lines.NumLines(), -1)
+
+
+def FindStartOfExpressionInLine(line, endpos, stack):
+  """Find position at the matching start of current expression.
+
+  This is almost the reverse of FindEndOfExpressionInLine, but note
+  that the input position and returned position differs by 1.
+
+  Args:
+    line: a CleansedLines line.
+    endpos: start searching at this position.
+    stack: nesting stack at endpos.
+
+  Returns:
+    On finding matching start: (index at matching start, None)
+    On finding an unclosed expression: (-1, None)
+    Otherwise: (-1, new stack at beginning of this line)
+  """
+  i = endpos
+  while i >= 0:
+    char = line[i]
+    if char in ')]}':
+      # Found end of expression, push to expression stack
+      stack.append(char)
+    elif char == '>':
+      # Found potential end of template argument list.
+      #
+      # Ignore it if it's a "->" or ">=" or "operator>"
+      if (i > 0 and
+          (line[i - 1] == '-' or
+           Match(r'\s>=\s', line[i - 1:]) or
+           Search(r'\boperator\s*$', line[0:i]))):
+        i -= 1
+      else:
+        stack.append('>')
+    elif char == '<':
+      # Found potential start of template argument list
+      if i > 0 and line[i - 1] == '<':
+        # Left shift operator
+        i -= 1
+      else:
+        # If there is a matching '>', we can pop the expression stack.
+        # Otherwise, ignore this '<' since it must be an operator.
+        if stack and stack[-1] == '>':
+          stack.pop()
+          if not stack:
+            return (i, None)
+    elif char in '([{':
+      # Found start of expression.
+      #
+      # If there are any unmatched '>' on the stack, they must be
+      # operators.  Remove those.
+      while stack and stack[-1] == '>':
+        stack.pop()
+      if not stack:
+        return (-1, None)
+      if ((char == '(' and stack[-1] == ')') or
+          (char == '[' and stack[-1] == ']') or
+          (char == '{' and stack[-1] == '}')):
+        stack.pop()
+        if not stack:
+          return (i, None)
+      else:
+        # Mismatched parentheses
+        return (-1, None)
+    elif char == ';':
+      # Found something that look like end of statements.  If we are currently
+      # expecting a '<', the matching '>' must have been an operator, since
+      # template argument list should not contain statements.
+      while stack and stack[-1] == '>':
+        stack.pop()
+      if not stack:
+        return (-1, None)
+
+    i -= 1
+
+  return (-1, stack)
+
+
+def ReverseCloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, pos):
+  """If input points to ) or } or ] or >, finds the position that opens it.
+
+  If lines[linenum][pos] points to a ')' or '}' or ']' or '>', finds the
+  linenum/pos that correspond to the opening of the expression.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    pos: A position on the line.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple (line, linenum, pos) pointer *at* the opening brace, or
+    (line, 0, -1) if we never find the matching opening brace.  Note
+    we ignore strings and comments when matching; and the line we
+    return is the 'cleansed' line at linenum.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if line[pos] not in ')}]>':
+    return (line, 0, -1)
+
+  # Check last line
+  (start_pos, stack) = FindStartOfExpressionInLine(line, pos, [])
+  if start_pos > -1:
+    return (line, linenum, start_pos)
+
+  # Continue scanning backward
+  while stack and linenum > 0:
+    linenum -= 1
+    line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+    (start_pos, stack) = FindStartOfExpressionInLine(line, len(line) - 1, stack)
+    if start_pos > -1:
+      return (line, linenum, start_pos)
+
+  # Did not find start of expression before beginning of file, give up
+  return (line, 0, -1)
+
+
+def CheckForCopyright(filename, lines, error):
+  """Logs an error if no Copyright message appears at the top of the file."""
+
+  # We'll say it should occur by line 10. Don't forget there's a
+  # dummy line at the front.
+  for line in xrange(1, min(len(lines), 11)):
+    if re.search(r'Copyright', lines[line], re.I): break
+  else:                       # means no copyright line was found
+    error(filename, 0, 'legal/copyright', 5,
+          'No copyright message found.  '
+          'You should have a line: "Copyright [year] <Copyright Owner>"')
+
+
+def GetIndentLevel(line):
+  """Return the number of leading spaces in line.
+
+  Args:
+    line: A string to check.
+
+  Returns:
+    An integer count of leading spaces, possibly zero.
+  """
+  indent = Match(r'^( *)\S', line)
+  if indent:
+    return len(indent.group(1))
+  else:
+    return 0
+
+def PathSplitToList(path):
+  """Returns the path split into a list by the separator.
+
+  Args:
+    path: An absolute or relative path (e.g. '/a/b/c/' or '../a')
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of path components (e.g. ['a', 'b', 'c]).
+  """
+  lst = []
+  while True:
+    (head, tail) = os.path.split(path)
+    if head == path:  # absolute paths end
+      lst.append(head)
+      break
+    if tail == path:  # relative paths end
+      lst.append(tail)
+      break
+
+    path = head
+    lst.append(tail)
+
+  lst.reverse()
+  return lst
+
+def GetHeaderGuardCPPVariable(filename):
+  """Returns the CPP variable that should be used as a header guard.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of a C++ header file.
+
+  Returns:
+    The CPP variable that should be used as a header guard in the
+    named file.
+
+  """
+
+  # Restores original filename in case that cpplint is invoked from Emacs's
+  # flymake.
+  filename = re.sub(r'_flymake\.h$', '.h', filename)
+  filename = re.sub(r'/\.flymake/([^/]*)$', r'/\1', filename)
+  # Replace 'c++' with 'cpp'.
+  filename = filename.replace('C++', 'cpp').replace('c++', 'cpp')
+
+  fileinfo = FileInfo(filename)
+  file_path_from_root = fileinfo.RepositoryName()
+
+  def FixupPathFromRoot():
+    if _root_debug:
+      sys.stderr.write("\n_root fixup, _root = '%s', repository name = '%s'\n"
+          % (_root, fileinfo.RepositoryName()))
+
+    # Process the file path with the --root flag if it was set.
+    if not _root:
+      if _root_debug:
+        sys.stderr.write("_root unspecified\n")
+      return file_path_from_root
+
+    def StripListPrefix(lst, prefix):
+      # f(['x', 'y'], ['w, z']) -> None  (not a valid prefix)
+      if lst[:len(prefix)] != prefix:
+        return None
+      # f(['a, 'b', 'c', 'd'], ['a', 'b']) -> ['c', 'd']
+      return lst[(len(prefix)):]
+
+    # root behavior:
+    #   --root=subdir , lstrips subdir from the header guard
+    maybe_path = StripListPrefix(PathSplitToList(file_path_from_root),
+                                 PathSplitToList(_root))
+
+    if _root_debug:
+      sys.stderr.write(("_root lstrip (maybe_path=%s, file_path_from_root=%s," +
+          " _root=%s)\n") % (maybe_path, file_path_from_root, _root))
+
+    if maybe_path:
+      return os.path.join(*maybe_path)
+
+    #   --root=.. , will prepend the outer directory to the header guard
+    full_path = fileinfo.FullName()
+    root_abspath = os.path.abspath(_root)
+
+    maybe_path = StripListPrefix(PathSplitToList(full_path),
+                                 PathSplitToList(root_abspath))
+
+    if _root_debug:
+      sys.stderr.write(("_root prepend (maybe_path=%s, full_path=%s, " +
+          "root_abspath=%s)\n") % (maybe_path, full_path, root_abspath))
+
+    if maybe_path:
+      return os.path.join(*maybe_path)
+
+    if _root_debug:
+      sys.stderr.write("_root ignore, returning %s\n" % (file_path_from_root))
+
+    #   --root=FAKE_DIR is ignored
+    return file_path_from_root
+
+  file_path_from_root = FixupPathFromRoot()
+  return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '_', file_path_from_root).upper() + '_'
+
+
+def CheckForHeaderGuard(filename, clean_lines, error):
+  """Checks that the file contains a header guard.
+
+  Logs an error if no #ifndef header guard is present.  For other
+  headers, checks that the full pathname is used.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the C++ header file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # Don't check for header guards if there are error suppression
+  # comments somewhere in this file.
+  #
+  # Because this is silencing a warning for a nonexistent line, we
+  # only support the very specific NOLINT(build/header_guard) syntax,
+  # and not the general NOLINT or NOLINT(*) syntax.
+  raw_lines = clean_lines.lines_without_raw_strings
+  for i in raw_lines:
+    if Search(r'//\s*NOLINT\(build/header_guard\)', i):
+      return
+
+  # Allow pragma once instead of header guards
+  for i in raw_lines:
+    if Search(r'^\s*#pragma\s+once', i):
+      return
+
+  cppvar = GetHeaderGuardCPPVariable(filename)
+
+  ifndef = ''
+  ifndef_linenum = 0
+  define = ''
+  endif = ''
+  endif_linenum = 0
+  for linenum, line in enumerate(raw_lines):
+    linesplit = line.split()
+    if len(linesplit) >= 2:
+      # find the first occurrence of #ifndef and #define, save arg
+      if not ifndef and linesplit[0] == '#ifndef':
+        # set ifndef to the header guard presented on the #ifndef line.
+        ifndef = linesplit[1]
+        ifndef_linenum = linenum
+      if not define and linesplit[0] == '#define':
+        define = linesplit[1]
+    # find the last occurrence of #endif, save entire line
+    if line.startswith('#endif'):
+      endif = line
+      endif_linenum = linenum
+
+  if not ifndef or not define or ifndef != define:
+    error(filename, 0, 'build/header_guard', 5,
+          'No #ifndef header guard found, suggested CPP variable is: %s' %
+          cppvar)
+    return
+
+  # The guard should be PATH_FILE_H_, but we also allow PATH_FILE_H__
+  # for backward compatibility.
+  if ifndef != cppvar:
+    error_level = 0
+    if ifndef != cppvar + '_':
+      error_level = 5
+
+    ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_lines[ifndef_linenum], ifndef_linenum,
+                            error)
+    error(filename, ifndef_linenum, 'build/header_guard', error_level,
+          '#ifndef header guard has wrong style, please use: %s' % cppvar)
+
+  # Check for "//" comments on endif line.
+  ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_lines[endif_linenum], endif_linenum,
+                          error)
+  match = Match(r'#endif\s*//\s*' + cppvar + r'(_)?\b', endif)
+  if match:
+    if match.group(1) == '_':
+      # Issue low severity warning for deprecated double trailing underscore
+      error(filename, endif_linenum, 'build/header_guard', 0,
+            '#endif line should be "#endif  // %s"' % cppvar)
+    return
+
+  # Didn't find the corresponding "//" comment.  If this file does not
+  # contain any "//" comments at all, it could be that the compiler
+  # only wants "/**/" comments, look for those instead.
+  no_single_line_comments = True
+  for i in xrange(1, len(raw_lines) - 1):
+    line = raw_lines[i]
+    if Match(r'^(?:(?:\'(?:\.|[^\'])*\')|(?:"(?:\.|[^"])*")|[^\'"])*//', line):
+      no_single_line_comments = False
+      break
+
+  if no_single_line_comments:
+    match = Match(r'#endif\s*/\*\s*' + cppvar + r'(_)?\s*\*/', endif)
+    if match:
+      if match.group(1) == '_':
+        # Low severity warning for double trailing underscore
+        error(filename, endif_linenum, 'build/header_guard', 0,
+              '#endif line should be "#endif  /* %s */"' % cppvar)
+      return
+
+  # Didn't find anything
+  error(filename, endif_linenum, 'build/header_guard', 5,
+        '#endif line should be "#endif  // %s"' % cppvar)
+
+
+def CheckHeaderFileIncluded(filename, include_state, error):
+  """Logs an error if a source file does not include its header."""
+
+  # Do not check test files
+  fileinfo = FileInfo(filename)
+  if Search(_TEST_FILE_SUFFIX, fileinfo.BaseName()):
+    return
+
+  for ext in GetHeaderExtensions():
+    basefilename = filename[0:len(filename) - len(fileinfo.Extension())]
+    headerfile = basefilename + '.' + ext
+    if not os.path.exists(headerfile):
+      continue
+    headername = FileInfo(headerfile).RepositoryName()
+    first_include = None
+    for section_list in include_state.include_list:
+      for f in section_list:
+        if headername in f[0] or f[0] in headername:
+          return
+        if not first_include:
+          first_include = f[1]
+
+    error(filename, first_include, 'build/include', 5,
+          '%s should include its header file %s' % (fileinfo.RepositoryName(),
+                                                    headername))
+
+
+def CheckForBadCharacters(filename, lines, error):
+  """Logs an error for each line containing bad characters.
+
+  Two kinds of bad characters:
+
+  1. Unicode replacement characters: These indicate that either the file
+  contained invalid UTF-8 (likely) or Unicode replacement characters (which
+  it shouldn't).  Note that it's possible for this to throw off line
+  numbering if the invalid UTF-8 occurred adjacent to a newline.
+
+  2. NUL bytes.  These are problematic for some tools.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    lines: An array of strings, each representing a line of the file.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  for linenum, line in enumerate(lines):
+    if unicode_escape_decode('\ufffd') in line:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/utf8', 5,
+            'Line contains invalid UTF-8 (or Unicode replacement character).')
+    if '\0' in line:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/nul', 5, 'Line contains NUL byte.')
+
+
+def CheckForNewlineAtEOF(filename, lines, error):
+  """Logs an error if there is no newline char at the end of the file.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    lines: An array of strings, each representing a line of the file.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # The array lines() was created by adding two newlines to the
+  # original file (go figure), then splitting on \n.
+  # To verify that the file ends in \n, we just have to make sure the
+  # last-but-two element of lines() exists and is empty.
+  if len(lines) < 3 or lines[-2]:
+    error(filename, len(lines) - 2, 'whitespace/ending_newline', 5,
+          'Could not find a newline character at the end of the file.')
+
+
+def CheckForMultilineCommentsAndStrings(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Logs an error if we see /* ... */ or "..." that extend past one line.
+
+  /* ... */ comments are legit inside macros, for one line.
+  Otherwise, we prefer // comments, so it's ok to warn about the
+  other.  Likewise, it's ok for strings to extend across multiple
+  lines, as long as a line continuation character (backslash)
+  terminates each line. Although not currently prohibited by the C++
+  style guide, it's ugly and unnecessary. We don't do well with either
+  in this lint program, so we warn about both.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Remove all \\ (escaped backslashes) from the line. They are OK, and the
+  # second (escaped) slash may trigger later \" detection erroneously.
+  line = line.replace('\\\\', '')
+
+  if line.count('/*') > line.count('*/'):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/multiline_comment', 5,
+          'Complex multi-line /*...*/-style comment found. '
+          'Lint may give bogus warnings.  '
+          'Consider replacing these with //-style comments, '
+          'with #if 0...#endif, '
+          'or with more clearly structured multi-line comments.')
+
+  if (line.count('"') - line.count('\\"')) % 2:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/multiline_string', 5,
+          'Multi-line string ("...") found.  This lint script doesn\'t '
+          'do well with such strings, and may give bogus warnings.  '
+          'Use C++11 raw strings or concatenation instead.')
+
+
+# (non-threadsafe name, thread-safe alternative, validation pattern)
+#
+# The validation pattern is used to eliminate false positives such as:
+#  _rand();               // false positive due to substring match.
+#  ->rand();              // some member function rand().
+#  ACMRandom rand(seed);  // some variable named rand.
+#  ISAACRandom rand();    // another variable named rand.
+#
+# Basically we require the return value of these functions to be used
+# in some expression context on the same line by matching on some
+# operator before the function name.  This eliminates constructors and
+# member function calls.
+_UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX = r'(?:[-+*/=%^&|(<]\s*|>\s+)'
+_THREADING_LIST = (
+    ('asctime(', 'asctime_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'asctime\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('ctime(', 'ctime_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'ctime\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('getgrgid(', 'getgrgid_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'getgrgid\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('getgrnam(', 'getgrnam_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'getgrnam\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('getlogin(', 'getlogin_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'getlogin\(\)'),
+    ('getpwnam(', 'getpwnam_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'getpwnam\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('getpwuid(', 'getpwuid_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'getpwuid\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('gmtime(', 'gmtime_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'gmtime\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('localtime(', 'localtime_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'localtime\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('rand(', 'rand_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'rand\(\)'),
+    ('strtok(', 'strtok_r(',
+     _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'strtok\([^)]+\)'),
+    ('ttyname(', 'ttyname_r(', _UNSAFE_FUNC_PREFIX + r'ttyname\([^)]+\)'),
+    )
+
+
+def CheckPosixThreading(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for calls to thread-unsafe functions.
+
+  Much code has been originally written without consideration of
+  multi-threading. Also, engineers are relying on their old experience;
+  they have learned posix before threading extensions were added. These
+  tests guide the engineers to use thread-safe functions (when using
+  posix directly).
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  for single_thread_func, multithread_safe_func, pattern in _THREADING_LIST:
+    # Additional pattern matching check to confirm that this is the
+    # function we are looking for
+    if Search(pattern, line):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/threadsafe_fn', 2,
+            'Consider using ' + multithread_safe_func +
+            '...) instead of ' + single_thread_func +
+            '...) for improved thread safety.')
+
+
+def CheckVlogArguments(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks that VLOG() is only used for defining a logging level.
+
+  For example, VLOG(2) is correct. VLOG(INFO), VLOG(WARNING), VLOG(ERROR), and
+  VLOG(FATAL) are not.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if Search(r'\bVLOG\((INFO|ERROR|WARNING|DFATAL|FATAL)\)', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/vlog', 5,
+          'VLOG() should be used with numeric verbosity level.  '
+          'Use LOG() if you want symbolic severity levels.')
+
+# Matches invalid increment: *count++, which moves pointer instead of
+# incrementing a value.
+_RE_PATTERN_INVALID_INCREMENT = re.compile(
+    r'^\s*\*\w+(\+\+|--);')
+
+
+def CheckInvalidIncrement(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for invalid increment *count++.
+
+  For example following function:
+  void increment_counter(int* count) {
+    *count++;
+  }
+  is invalid, because it effectively does count++, moving pointer, and should
+  be replaced with ++*count, (*count)++ or *count += 1.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if _RE_PATTERN_INVALID_INCREMENT.match(line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/invalid_increment', 5,
+          'Changing pointer instead of value (or unused value of operator*).')
+
+
+def IsMacroDefinition(clean_lines, linenum):
+  if Search(r'^#define', clean_lines[linenum]):
+    return True
+
+  if linenum > 0 and Search(r'\\$', clean_lines[linenum - 1]):
+    return True
+
+  return False
+
+
+def IsForwardClassDeclaration(clean_lines, linenum):
+  return Match(r'^\s*(\btemplate\b)*.*class\s+\w+;\s*$', clean_lines[linenum])
+
+
+class _BlockInfo(object):
+  """Stores information about a generic block of code."""
+
+  def __init__(self, linenum, seen_open_brace):
+    self.starting_linenum = linenum
+    self.seen_open_brace = seen_open_brace
+    self.open_parentheses = 0
+    self.inline_asm = _NO_ASM
+    self.check_namespace_indentation = False
+
+  def CheckBegin(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    """Run checks that applies to text up to the opening brace.
+
+    This is mostly for checking the text after the class identifier
+    and the "{", usually where the base class is specified.  For other
+    blocks, there isn't much to check, so we always pass.
+
+    Args:
+      filename: The name of the current file.
+      clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+      error: The function to call with any errors found.
+    """
+    pass
+
+  def CheckEnd(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    """Run checks that applies to text after the closing brace.
+
+    This is mostly used for checking end of namespace comments.
+
+    Args:
+      filename: The name of the current file.
+      clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+      error: The function to call with any errors found.
+    """
+    pass
+
+  def IsBlockInfo(self):
+    """Returns true if this block is a _BlockInfo.
+
+    This is convenient for verifying that an object is an instance of
+    a _BlockInfo, but not an instance of any of the derived classes.
+
+    Returns:
+      True for this class, False for derived classes.
+    """
+    return self.__class__ == _BlockInfo
+
+
+class _ExternCInfo(_BlockInfo):
+  """Stores information about an 'extern "C"' block."""
+
+  def __init__(self, linenum):
+    _BlockInfo.__init__(self, linenum, True)
+
+
+class _ClassInfo(_BlockInfo):
+  """Stores information about a class."""
+
+  def __init__(self, name, class_or_struct, clean_lines, linenum):
+    _BlockInfo.__init__(self, linenum, False)
+    self.name = name
+    self.is_derived = False
+    self.check_namespace_indentation = True
+    if class_or_struct == 'struct':
+      self.access = 'public'
+      self.is_struct = True
+    else:
+      self.access = 'private'
+      self.is_struct = False
+
+    # Remember initial indentation level for this class.  Using raw_lines here
+    # instead of elided to account for leading comments.
+    self.class_indent = GetIndentLevel(clean_lines.raw_lines[linenum])
+
+    # Try to find the end of the class.  This will be confused by things like:
+    #   class A {
+    #   } *x = { ...
+    #
+    # But it's still good enough for CheckSectionSpacing.
+    self.last_line = 0
+    depth = 0
+    for i in range(linenum, clean_lines.NumLines()):
+      line = clean_lines.elided[i]
+      depth += line.count('{') - line.count('}')
+      if not depth:
+        self.last_line = i
+        break
+
+  def CheckBegin(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    # Look for a bare ':'
+    if Search('(^|[^:]):($|[^:])', clean_lines.elided[linenum]):
+      self.is_derived = True
+
+  def CheckEnd(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    # If there is a DISALLOW macro, it should appear near the end of
+    # the class.
+    seen_last_thing_in_class = False
+    for i in xrange(linenum - 1, self.starting_linenum, -1):
+      match = Search(
+          r'\b(DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN|DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS)\(' +
+          self.name + r'\)',
+          clean_lines.elided[i])
+      if match:
+        if seen_last_thing_in_class:
+          error(filename, i, 'readability/constructors', 3,
+                match.group(1) + ' should be the last thing in the class')
+        break
+
+      if not Match(r'^\s*$', clean_lines.elided[i]):
+        seen_last_thing_in_class = True
+
+    # Check that closing brace is aligned with beginning of the class.
+    # Only do this if the closing brace is indented by only whitespaces.
+    # This means we will not check single-line class definitions.
+    indent = Match(r'^( *)\}', clean_lines.elided[linenum])
+    if indent and len(indent.group(1)) != self.class_indent:
+      if self.is_struct:
+        parent = 'struct ' + self.name
+      else:
+        parent = 'class ' + self.name
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/indent', 3,
+            'Closing brace should be aligned with beginning of %s' % parent)
+
+
+class _NamespaceInfo(_BlockInfo):
+  """Stores information about a namespace."""
+
+  def __init__(self, name, linenum):
+    _BlockInfo.__init__(self, linenum, False)
+    self.name = name or ''
+    self.check_namespace_indentation = True
+
+  def CheckEnd(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    """Check end of namespace comments."""
+    line = clean_lines.raw_lines[linenum]
+
+    # Check how many lines is enclosed in this namespace.  Don't issue
+    # warning for missing namespace comments if there aren't enough
+    # lines.  However, do apply checks if there is already an end of
+    # namespace comment and it's incorrect.
+    #
+    # TODO(unknown): We always want to check end of namespace comments
+    # if a namespace is large, but sometimes we also want to apply the
+    # check if a short namespace contained nontrivial things (something
+    # other than forward declarations).  There is currently no logic on
+    # deciding what these nontrivial things are, so this check is
+    # triggered by namespace size only, which works most of the time.
+    if (linenum - self.starting_linenum < 10
+        and not Match(r'^\s*};*\s*(//|/\*).*\bnamespace\b', line)):
+      return
+
+    # Look for matching comment at end of namespace.
+    #
+    # Note that we accept C style "/* */" comments for terminating
+    # namespaces, so that code that terminate namespaces inside
+    # preprocessor macros can be cpplint clean.
+    #
+    # We also accept stuff like "// end of namespace <name>." with the
+    # period at the end.
+    #
+    # Besides these, we don't accept anything else, otherwise we might
+    # get false negatives when existing comment is a substring of the
+    # expected namespace.
+    if self.name:
+      # Named namespace
+      if not Match((r'^\s*};*\s*(//|/\*).*\bnamespace\s+' +
+                    re.escape(self.name) + r'[\*/\.\\\s]*$'),
+                   line):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'readability/namespace', 5,
+              'Namespace should be terminated with "// namespace %s"' %
+              self.name)
+    else:
+      # Anonymous namespace
+      if not Match(r'^\s*};*\s*(//|/\*).*\bnamespace[\*/\.\\\s]*$', line):
+        # If "// namespace anonymous" or "// anonymous namespace (more text)",
+        # mention "// anonymous namespace" as an acceptable form
+        if Match(r'^\s*}.*\b(namespace anonymous|anonymous namespace)\b', line):
+          error(filename, linenum, 'readability/namespace', 5,
+                'Anonymous namespace should be terminated with "// namespace"'
+                ' or "// anonymous namespace"')
+        else:
+          error(filename, linenum, 'readability/namespace', 5,
+                'Anonymous namespace should be terminated with "// namespace"')
+
+
+class _PreprocessorInfo(object):
+  """Stores checkpoints of nesting stacks when #if/#else is seen."""
+
+  def __init__(self, stack_before_if):
+    # The entire nesting stack before #if
+    self.stack_before_if = stack_before_if
+
+    # The entire nesting stack up to #else
+    self.stack_before_else = []
+
+    # Whether we have already seen #else or #elif
+    self.seen_else = False
+
+
+class NestingState(object):
+  """Holds states related to parsing braces."""
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    # Stack for tracking all braces.  An object is pushed whenever we
+    # see a "{", and popped when we see a "}".  Only 3 types of
+    # objects are possible:
+    # - _ClassInfo: a class or struct.
+    # - _NamespaceInfo: a namespace.
+    # - _BlockInfo: some other type of block.
+    self.stack = []
+
+    # Top of the previous stack before each Update().
+    #
+    # Because the nesting_stack is updated at the end of each line, we
+    # had to do some convoluted checks to find out what is the current
+    # scope at the beginning of the line.  This check is simplified by
+    # saving the previous top of nesting stack.
+    #
+    # We could save the full stack, but we only need the top.  Copying
+    # the full nesting stack would slow down cpplint by ~10%.
+    self.previous_stack_top = []
+
+    # Stack of _PreprocessorInfo objects.
+    self.pp_stack = []
+
+  def SeenOpenBrace(self):
+    """Check if we have seen the opening brace for the innermost block.
+
+    Returns:
+      True if we have seen the opening brace, False if the innermost
+      block is still expecting an opening brace.
+    """
+    return (not self.stack) or self.stack[-1].seen_open_brace
+
+  def InNamespaceBody(self):
+    """Check if we are currently one level inside a namespace body.
+
+    Returns:
+      True if top of the stack is a namespace block, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return self.stack and isinstance(self.stack[-1], _NamespaceInfo)
+
+  def InExternC(self):
+    """Check if we are currently one level inside an 'extern "C"' block.
+
+    Returns:
+      True if top of the stack is an extern block, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return self.stack and isinstance(self.stack[-1], _ExternCInfo)
+
+  def InClassDeclaration(self):
+    """Check if we are currently one level inside a class or struct declaration.
+
+    Returns:
+      True if top of the stack is a class/struct, False otherwise.
+    """
+    return self.stack and isinstance(self.stack[-1], _ClassInfo)
+
+  def InAsmBlock(self):
+    """Check if we are currently one level inside an inline ASM block.
+
+    Returns:
+      True if the top of the stack is a block containing inline ASM.
+    """
+    return self.stack and self.stack[-1].inline_asm != _NO_ASM
+
+  def InTemplateArgumentList(self, clean_lines, linenum, pos):
+    """Check if current position is inside template argument list.
+
+    Args:
+      clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+      pos: position just after the suspected template argument.
+    Returns:
+      True if (linenum, pos) is inside template arguments.
+    """
+    while linenum < clean_lines.NumLines():
+      # Find the earliest character that might indicate a template argument
+      line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+      match = Match(r'^[^{};=\[\]\.<>]*(.)', line[pos:])
+      if not match:
+        linenum += 1
+        pos = 0
+        continue
+      token = match.group(1)
+      pos += len(match.group(0))
+
+      # These things do not look like template argument list:
+      #   class Suspect {
+      #   class Suspect x; }
+      if token in ('{', '}', ';'): return False
+
+      # These things look like template argument list:
+      #   template <class Suspect>
+      #   template <class Suspect = default_value>
+      #   template <class Suspect[]>
+      #   template <class Suspect...>
+      if token in ('>', '=', '[', ']', '.'): return True
+
+      # Check if token is an unmatched '<'.
+      # If not, move on to the next character.
+      if token != '<':
+        pos += 1
+        if pos >= len(line):
+          linenum += 1
+          pos = 0
+        continue
+
+      # We can't be sure if we just find a single '<', and need to
+      # find the matching '>'.
+      (_, end_line, end_pos) = CloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, pos - 1)
+      if end_pos < 0:
+        # Not sure if template argument list or syntax error in file
+        return False
+      linenum = end_line
+      pos = end_pos
+    return False
+
+  def UpdatePreprocessor(self, line):
+    """Update preprocessor stack.
+
+    We need to handle preprocessors due to classes like this:
+      #ifdef SWIG
+      struct ResultDetailsPageElementExtensionPoint {
+      #else
+      struct ResultDetailsPageElementExtensionPoint : public Extension {
+      #endif
+
+    We make the following assumptions (good enough for most files):
+    - Preprocessor condition evaluates to true from #if up to first
+      #else/#elif/#endif.
+
+    - Preprocessor condition evaluates to false from #else/#elif up
+      to #endif.  We still perform lint checks on these lines, but
+      these do not affect nesting stack.
+
+    Args:
+      line: current line to check.
+    """
+    if Match(r'^\s*#\s*(if|ifdef|ifndef)\b', line):
+      # Beginning of #if block, save the nesting stack here.  The saved
+      # stack will allow us to restore the parsing state in the #else case.
+      self.pp_stack.append(_PreprocessorInfo(copy.deepcopy(self.stack)))
+    elif Match(r'^\s*#\s*(else|elif)\b', line):
+      # Beginning of #else block
+      if self.pp_stack:
+        if not self.pp_stack[-1].seen_else:
+          # This is the first #else or #elif block.  Remember the
+          # whole nesting stack up to this point.  This is what we
+          # keep after the #endif.
+          self.pp_stack[-1].seen_else = True
+          self.pp_stack[-1].stack_before_else = copy.deepcopy(self.stack)
+
+        # Restore the stack to how it was before the #if
+        self.stack = copy.deepcopy(self.pp_stack[-1].stack_before_if)
+      else:
+        # TODO(unknown): unexpected #else, issue warning?
+        pass
+    elif Match(r'^\s*#\s*endif\b', line):
+      # End of #if or #else blocks.
+      if self.pp_stack:
+        # If we saw an #else, we will need to restore the nesting
+        # stack to its former state before the #else, otherwise we
+        # will just continue from where we left off.
+        if self.pp_stack[-1].seen_else:
+          # Here we can just use a shallow copy since we are the last
+          # reference to it.
+          self.stack = self.pp_stack[-1].stack_before_else
+        # Drop the corresponding #if
+        self.pp_stack.pop()
+      else:
+        # TODO(unknown): unexpected #endif, issue warning?
+        pass
+
+  # TODO(unknown): Update() is too long, but we will refactor later.
+  def Update(self, filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+    """Update nesting state with current line.
+
+    Args:
+      filename: The name of the current file.
+      clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+      linenum: The number of the line to check.
+      error: The function to call with any errors found.
+    """
+    line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+    # Remember top of the previous nesting stack.
+    #
+    # The stack is always pushed/popped and not modified in place, so
+    # we can just do a shallow copy instead of copy.deepcopy.  Using
+    # deepcopy would slow down cpplint by ~28%.
+    if self.stack:
+      self.previous_stack_top = self.stack[-1]
+    else:
+      self.previous_stack_top = None
+
+    # Update pp_stack
+    self.UpdatePreprocessor(line)
+
+    # Count parentheses.  This is to avoid adding struct arguments to
+    # the nesting stack.
+    if self.stack:
+      inner_block = self.stack[-1]
+      depth_change = line.count('(') - line.count(')')
+      inner_block.open_parentheses += depth_change
+
+      # Also check if we are starting or ending an inline assembly block.
+      if inner_block.inline_asm in (_NO_ASM, _END_ASM):
+        if (depth_change != 0 and
+            inner_block.open_parentheses == 1 and
+            _MATCH_ASM.match(line)):
+          # Enter assembly block
+          inner_block.inline_asm = _INSIDE_ASM
+        else:
+          # Not entering assembly block.  If previous line was _END_ASM,
+          # we will now shift to _NO_ASM state.
+          inner_block.inline_asm = _NO_ASM
+      elif (inner_block.inline_asm == _INSIDE_ASM and
+            inner_block.open_parentheses == 0):
+        # Exit assembly block
+        inner_block.inline_asm = _END_ASM
+
+    # Consume namespace declaration at the beginning of the line.  Do
+    # this in a loop so that we catch same line declarations like this:
+    #   namespace proto2 { namespace bridge { class MessageSet; } }
+    while True:
+      # Match start of namespace.  The "\b\s*" below catches namespace
+      # declarations even if it weren't followed by a whitespace, this
+      # is so that we don't confuse our namespace checker.  The
+      # missing spaces will be flagged by CheckSpacing.
+      namespace_decl_match = Match(r'^\s*namespace\b\s*([:\w]+)?(.*)$', line)
+      if not namespace_decl_match:
+        break
+
+      new_namespace = _NamespaceInfo(namespace_decl_match.group(1), linenum)
+      self.stack.append(new_namespace)
+
+      line = namespace_decl_match.group(2)
+      if line.find('{') != -1:
+        new_namespace.seen_open_brace = True
+        line = line[line.find('{') + 1:]
+
+    # Look for a class declaration in whatever is left of the line
+    # after parsing namespaces.  The regexp accounts for decorated classes
+    # such as in:
+    #   class LOCKABLE API Object {
+    #   };
+    class_decl_match = Match(
+        r'^(\s*(?:template\s*<[\w\s<>,:=]*>\s*)?'
+        r'(class|struct)\s+(?:[A-Z_]+\s+)*(\w+(?:::\w+)*))'
+        r'(.*)$', line)
+    if (class_decl_match and
+        (not self.stack or self.stack[-1].open_parentheses == 0)):
+      # We do not want to accept classes that are actually template arguments:
+      #   template <class Ignore1,
+      #             class Ignore2 = Default<Args>,
+      #             template <Args> class Ignore3>
+      #   void Function() {};
+      #
+      # To avoid template argument cases, we scan forward and look for
+      # an unmatched '>'.  If we see one, assume we are inside a
+      # template argument list.
+      end_declaration = len(class_decl_match.group(1))
+      if not self.InTemplateArgumentList(clean_lines, linenum, end_declaration):
+        self.stack.append(_ClassInfo(
+            class_decl_match.group(3), class_decl_match.group(2),
+            clean_lines, linenum))
+        line = class_decl_match.group(4)
+
+    # If we have not yet seen the opening brace for the innermost block,
+    # run checks here.
+    if not self.SeenOpenBrace():
+      self.stack[-1].CheckBegin(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+
+    # Update access control if we are inside a class/struct
+    if self.stack and isinstance(self.stack[-1], _ClassInfo):
+      classinfo = self.stack[-1]
+      access_match = Match(
+          r'^(.*)\b(public|private|protected|signals)(\s+(?:slots\s*)?)?'
+          r':(?:[^:]|$)',
+          line)
+      if access_match:
+        classinfo.access = access_match.group(2)
+
+        # Check that access keywords are indented +1 space.  Skip this
+        # check if the keywords are not preceded by whitespaces.
+        indent = access_match.group(1)
+        if (len(indent) != classinfo.class_indent + 1 and
+            Match(r'^\s*$', indent)):
+          if classinfo.is_struct:
+            parent = 'struct ' + classinfo.name
+          else:
+            parent = 'class ' + classinfo.name
+          slots = ''
+          if access_match.group(3):
+            slots = access_match.group(3)
+          error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/indent', 3,
+                '%s%s: should be indented +1 space inside %s' % (
+                    access_match.group(2), slots, parent))
+
+    # Consume braces or semicolons from what's left of the line
+    while True:
+      # Match first brace, semicolon, or closed parenthesis.
+      matched = Match(r'^[^{;)}]*([{;)}])(.*)$', line)
+      if not matched:
+        break
+
+      token = matched.group(1)
+      if token == '{':
+        # If namespace or class hasn't seen a opening brace yet, mark
+        # namespace/class head as complete.  Push a new block onto the
+        # stack otherwise.
+        if not self.SeenOpenBrace():
+          self.stack[-1].seen_open_brace = True
+        elif Match(r'^extern\s*"[^"]*"\s*\{', line):
+          self.stack.append(_ExternCInfo(linenum))
+        else:
+          self.stack.append(_BlockInfo(linenum, True))
+          if _MATCH_ASM.match(line):
+            self.stack[-1].inline_asm = _BLOCK_ASM
+
+      elif token == ';' or token == ')':
+        # If we haven't seen an opening brace yet, but we already saw
+        # a semicolon, this is probably a forward declaration.  Pop
+        # the stack for these.
+        #
+        # Similarly, if we haven't seen an opening brace yet, but we
+        # already saw a closing parenthesis, then these are probably
+        # function arguments with extra "class" or "struct" keywords.
+        # Also pop these stack for these.
+        if not self.SeenOpenBrace():
+          self.stack.pop()
+      else:  # token == '}'
+        # Perform end of block checks and pop the stack.
+        if self.stack:
+          self.stack[-1].CheckEnd(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+          self.stack.pop()
+      line = matched.group(2)
+
+  def InnermostClass(self):
+    """Get class info on the top of the stack.
+
+    Returns:
+      A _ClassInfo object if we are inside a class, or None otherwise.
+    """
+    for i in range(len(self.stack), 0, -1):
+      classinfo = self.stack[i - 1]
+      if isinstance(classinfo, _ClassInfo):
+        return classinfo
+    return None
+
+  def CheckCompletedBlocks(self, filename, error):
+    """Checks that all classes and namespaces have been completely parsed.
+
+    Call this when all lines in a file have been processed.
+    Args:
+      filename: The name of the current file.
+      error: The function to call with any errors found.
+    """
+    # Note: This test can result in false positives if #ifdef constructs
+    # get in the way of brace matching. See the testBuildClass test in
+    # cpplint_unittest.py for an example of this.
+    for obj in self.stack:
+      if isinstance(obj, _ClassInfo):
+        error(filename, obj.starting_linenum, 'build/class', 5,
+              'Failed to find complete declaration of class %s' %
+              obj.name)
+      elif isinstance(obj, _NamespaceInfo):
+        error(filename, obj.starting_linenum, 'build/namespaces', 5,
+              'Failed to find complete declaration of namespace %s' %
+              obj.name)
+
+
+def CheckForNonStandardConstructs(filename, clean_lines, linenum,
+                                  nesting_state, error):
+  r"""Logs an error if we see certain non-ANSI constructs ignored by gcc-2.
+
+  Complain about several constructs which gcc-2 accepts, but which are
+  not standard C++.  Warning about these in lint is one way to ease the
+  transition to new compilers.
+  - put storage class first (e.g. "static const" instead of "const static").
+  - "%lld" instead of %qd" in printf-type functions.
+  - "%1$d" is non-standard in printf-type functions.
+  - "\%" is an undefined character escape sequence.
+  - text after #endif is not allowed.
+  - invalid inner-style forward declaration.
+  - >? and <? operators, and their >?= and <?= cousins.
+
+  Additionally, check for constructor/destructor style violations and reference
+  members, as it is very convenient to do so while checking for
+  gcc-2 compliance.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: A callable to which errors are reported, which takes 4 arguments:
+           filename, line number, error level, and message
+  """
+
+  # Remove comments from the line, but leave in strings for now.
+  line = clean_lines.lines[linenum]
+
+  if Search(r'printf\s*\(.*".*%[-+ ]?\d*q', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf_format', 3,
+          '%q in format strings is deprecated.  Use %ll instead.')
+
+  if Search(r'printf\s*\(.*".*%\d+\$', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf_format', 2,
+          '%N$ formats are unconventional.  Try rewriting to avoid them.')
+
+  # Remove escaped backslashes before looking for undefined escapes.
+  line = line.replace('\\\\', '')
+
+  if Search(r'("|\').*\\(%|\[|\(|{)', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/printf_format', 3,
+          '%, [, (, and { are undefined character escapes.  Unescape them.')
+
+  # For the rest, work with both comments and strings removed.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  if Search(r'\b(const|volatile|void|char|short|int|long'
+            r'|float|double|signed|unsigned'
+            r'|schar|u?int8|u?int16|u?int32|u?int64)'
+            r'\s+(register|static|extern|typedef)\b',
+            line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/storage_class', 5,
+          'Storage-class specifier (static, extern, typedef, etc) should be '
+          'at the beginning of the declaration.')
+
+  if Match(r'\s*#\s*endif\s*[^/\s]+', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/endif_comment', 5,
+          'Uncommented text after #endif is non-standard.  Use a comment.')
+
+  if Match(r'\s*class\s+(\w+\s*::\s*)+\w+\s*;', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/forward_decl', 5,
+          'Inner-style forward declarations are invalid.  Remove this line.')
+
+  if Search(r'(\w+|[+-]?\d+(\.\d*)?)\s*(<|>)\?=?\s*(\w+|[+-]?\d+)(\.\d*)?',
+            line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/deprecated', 3,
+          '>? and <? (max and min) operators are non-standard and deprecated.')
+
+  if Search(r'^\s*const\s*string\s*&\s*\w+\s*;', line):
+    # TODO(unknown): Could it be expanded safely to arbitrary references,
+    # without triggering too many false positives? The first
+    # attempt triggered 5 warnings for mostly benign code in the regtest, hence
+    # the restriction.
+    # Here's the original regexp, for the reference:
+    # type_name = r'\w+((\s*::\s*\w+)|(\s*<\s*\w+?\s*>))?'
+    # r'\s*const\s*' + type_name + '\s*&\s*\w+\s*;'
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/member_string_references', 2,
+          'const string& members are dangerous. It is much better to use '
+          'alternatives, such as pointers or simple constants.')
+
+  # Everything else in this function operates on class declarations.
+  # Return early if the top of the nesting stack is not a class, or if
+  # the class head is not completed yet.
+  classinfo = nesting_state.InnermostClass()
+  if not classinfo or not classinfo.seen_open_brace:
+    return
+
+  # The class may have been declared with namespace or classname qualifiers.
+  # The constructor and destructor will not have those qualifiers.
+  base_classname = classinfo.name.split('::')[-1]
+
+  # Look for single-argument constructors that aren't marked explicit.
+  # Technically a valid construct, but against style.
+  explicit_constructor_match = Match(
+      r'\s+(?:(?:inline|constexpr)\s+)*(explicit\s+)?'
+      r'(?:(?:inline|constexpr)\s+)*%s\s*'
+      r'\(((?:[^()]|\([^()]*\))*)\)'
+      % re.escape(base_classname),
+      line)
+
+  if explicit_constructor_match:
+    is_marked_explicit = explicit_constructor_match.group(1)
+
+    if not explicit_constructor_match.group(2):
+      constructor_args = []
+    else:
+      constructor_args = explicit_constructor_match.group(2).split(',')
+
+    # collapse arguments so that commas in template parameter lists and function
+    # argument parameter lists don't split arguments in two
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(constructor_args):
+      constructor_arg = constructor_args[i]
+      while (constructor_arg.count('<') > constructor_arg.count('>') or
+             constructor_arg.count('(') > constructor_arg.count(')')):
+        constructor_arg += ',' + constructor_args[i + 1]
+        del constructor_args[i + 1]
+      constructor_args[i] = constructor_arg
+      i += 1
+
+    variadic_args = [arg for arg in constructor_args if '&&...' in arg]
+    defaulted_args = [arg for arg in constructor_args if '=' in arg]
+    noarg_constructor = (not constructor_args or  # empty arg list
+                         # 'void' arg specifier
+                         (len(constructor_args) == 1 and
+                          constructor_args[0].strip() == 'void'))
+    onearg_constructor = ((len(constructor_args) == 1 and  # exactly one arg
+                           not noarg_constructor) or
+                          # all but at most one arg defaulted
+                          (len(constructor_args) >= 1 and
+                           not noarg_constructor and
+                           len(defaulted_args) >= len(constructor_args) - 1) or
+                          # variadic arguments with zero or one argument
+                          (len(constructor_args) <= 2 and
+                           len(variadic_args) >= 1))
+    initializer_list_constructor = bool(
+        onearg_constructor and
+        Search(r'\bstd\s*::\s*initializer_list\b', constructor_args[0]))
+    copy_constructor = bool(
+        onearg_constructor and
+        Match(r'(const\s+)?%s(\s*<[^>]*>)?(\s+const)?\s*(?:<\w+>\s*)?&'
+              % re.escape(base_classname), constructor_args[0].strip()))
+
+    if (not is_marked_explicit and
+        onearg_constructor and
+        not initializer_list_constructor and
+        not copy_constructor):
+      if defaulted_args or variadic_args:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/explicit', 5,
+              'Constructors callable with one argument '
+              'should be marked explicit.')
+      else:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/explicit', 5,
+              'Single-parameter constructors should be marked explicit.')
+    elif is_marked_explicit and not onearg_constructor:
+      if noarg_constructor:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/explicit', 5,
+              'Zero-parameter constructors should not be marked explicit.')
+
+
+def CheckSpacingForFunctionCall(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for the correctness of various spacing around function calls.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Since function calls often occur inside if/for/while/switch
+  # expressions - which have their own, more liberal conventions - we
+  # first see if we should be looking inside such an expression for a
+  # function call, to which we can apply more strict standards.
+  fncall = line    # if there's no control flow construct, look at whole line
+  for pattern in (r'\bif\s*\((.*)\)\s*{',
+                  r'\bfor\s*\((.*)\)\s*{',
+                  r'\bwhile\s*\((.*)\)\s*[{;]',
+                  r'\bswitch\s*\((.*)\)\s*{'):
+    match = Search(pattern, line)
+    if match:
+      fncall = match.group(1)    # look inside the parens for function calls
+      break
+
+  # Except in if/for/while/switch, there should never be space
+  # immediately inside parens (eg "f( 3, 4 )").  We make an exception
+  # for nested parens ( (a+b) + c ).  Likewise, there should never be
+  # a space before a ( when it's a function argument.  I assume it's a
+  # function argument when the char before the whitespace is legal in
+  # a function name (alnum + _) and we're not starting a macro. Also ignore
+  # pointers and references to arrays and functions coz they're too tricky:
+  # we use a very simple way to recognize these:
+  # " (something)(maybe-something)" or
+  # " (something)(maybe-something," or
+  # " (something)[something]"
+  # Note that we assume the contents of [] to be short enough that
+  # they'll never need to wrap.
+  if (  # Ignore control structures.
+      not Search(r'\b(if|for|while|switch|return|new|delete|catch|sizeof)\b',
+                 fncall) and
+      # Ignore pointers/references to functions.
+      not Search(r' \([^)]+\)\([^)]*(\)|,$)', fncall) and
+      # Ignore pointers/references to arrays.
+      not Search(r' \([^)]+\)\[[^\]]+\]', fncall)):
+    if Search(r'\w\s*\(\s(?!\s*\\$)', fncall):      # a ( used for a fn call
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 4,
+            'Extra space after ( in function call')
+    elif Search(r'\(\s+(?!(\s*\\)|\()', fncall):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 2,
+            'Extra space after (')
+    if (Search(r'\w\s+\(', fncall) and
+        not Search(r'_{0,2}asm_{0,2}\s+_{0,2}volatile_{0,2}\s+\(', fncall) and
+        not Search(r'#\s*define|typedef|using\s+\w+\s*=', fncall) and
+        not Search(r'\w\s+\((\w+::)*\*\w+\)\(', fncall) and
+        not Search(r'\bcase\s+\(', fncall)):
+      # TODO(unknown): Space after an operator function seem to be a common
+      # error, silence those for now by restricting them to highest verbosity.
+      if Search(r'\boperator_*\b', line):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 0,
+              'Extra space before ( in function call')
+      else:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 4,
+              'Extra space before ( in function call')
+    # If the ) is followed only by a newline or a { + newline, assume it's
+    # part of a control statement (if/while/etc), and don't complain
+    if Search(r'[^)]\s+\)\s*[^{\s]', fncall):
+      # If the closing parenthesis is preceded by only whitespaces,
+      # try to give a more descriptive error message.
+      if Search(r'^\s+\)', fncall):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 2,
+              'Closing ) should be moved to the previous line')
+      else:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 2,
+              'Extra space before )')
+
+
+def IsBlankLine(line):
+  """Returns true if the given line is blank.
+
+  We consider a line to be blank if the line is empty or consists of
+  only white spaces.
+
+  Args:
+    line: A line of a string.
+
+  Returns:
+    True, if the given line is blank.
+  """
+  return not line or line.isspace()
+
+
+def CheckForNamespaceIndentation(filename, nesting_state, clean_lines, line,
+                                 error):
+  is_namespace_indent_item = (
+      len(nesting_state.stack) > 1 and
+      nesting_state.stack[-1].check_namespace_indentation and
+      isinstance(nesting_state.previous_stack_top, _NamespaceInfo) and
+      nesting_state.previous_stack_top == nesting_state.stack[-2])
+
+  if ShouldCheckNamespaceIndentation(nesting_state, is_namespace_indent_item,
+                                     clean_lines.elided, line):
+    CheckItemIndentationInNamespace(filename, clean_lines.elided,
+                                    line, error)
+
+
+def CheckForFunctionLengths(filename, clean_lines, linenum,
+                            function_state, error):
+  """Reports for long function bodies.
+
+  For an overview why this is done, see:
+  https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml#Write_Short_Functions
+
+  Uses a simplistic algorithm assuming other style guidelines
+  (especially spacing) are followed.
+  Only checks unindented functions, so class members are unchecked.
+  Trivial bodies are unchecked, so constructors with huge initializer lists
+  may be missed.
+  Blank/comment lines are not counted so as to avoid encouraging the removal
+  of vertical space and comments just to get through a lint check.
+  NOLINT *on the last line of a function* disables this check.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    function_state: Current function name and lines in body so far.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  lines = clean_lines.lines
+  line = lines[linenum]
+  joined_line = ''
+
+  starting_func = False
+  regexp = r'(\w(\w|::|\*|\&|\s)*)\('  # decls * & space::name( ...
+  match_result = Match(regexp, line)
+  if match_result:
+    # If the name is all caps and underscores, figure it's a macro and
+    # ignore it, unless it's TEST or TEST_F.
+    function_name = match_result.group(1).split()[-1]
+    if function_name == 'TEST' or function_name == 'TEST_F' or (
+        not Match(r'[A-Z_]+$', function_name)):
+      starting_func = True
+
+  if starting_func:
+    body_found = False
+    for start_linenum in xrange(linenum, clean_lines.NumLines()):
+      start_line = lines[start_linenum]
+      joined_line += ' ' + start_line.lstrip()
+      if Search(r'(;|})', start_line):  # Declarations and trivial functions
+        body_found = True
+        break                              # ... ignore
+      elif Search(r'{', start_line):
+        body_found = True
+        function = Search(r'((\w|:)*)\(', line).group(1)
+        if Match(r'TEST', function):    # Handle TEST... macros
+          parameter_regexp = Search(r'(\(.*\))', joined_line)
+          if parameter_regexp:             # Ignore bad syntax
+            function += parameter_regexp.group(1)
+        else:
+          function += '()'
+        function_state.Begin(function)
+        break
+    if not body_found:
+      # No body for the function (or evidence of a non-function) was found.
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/fn_size', 5,
+            'Lint failed to find start of function body.')
+  elif Match(r'^\}\s*$', line):  # function end
+    function_state.Check(error, filename, linenum)
+    function_state.End()
+  elif not Match(r'^\s*$', line):
+    function_state.Count()  # Count non-blank/non-comment lines.
+
+
+_RE_PATTERN_TODO = re.compile(r'^//(\s*)TODO(\(.+?\))?:?(\s|$)?')
+
+
+def CheckComment(line, filename, linenum, next_line_start, error):
+  """Checks for common mistakes in comments.
+
+  Args:
+    line: The line in question.
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    next_line_start: The first non-whitespace column of the next line.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  commentpos = line.find('//')
+  if commentpos != -1:
+    # Check if the // may be in quotes.  If so, ignore it
+    if re.sub(r'\\.', '', line[0:commentpos]).count('"') % 2 == 0:
+      # Allow one space for new scopes, two spaces otherwise:
+      if (not (Match(r'^.*{ *//', line) and next_line_start == commentpos) and
+          ((commentpos >= 1 and
+            line[commentpos-1] not in string.whitespace) or
+           (commentpos >= 2 and
+            line[commentpos-2] not in string.whitespace))):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/comments', 2,
+              'At least two spaces is best between code and comments')
+
+      # Checks for common mistakes in TODO comments.
+      comment = line[commentpos:]
+      match = _RE_PATTERN_TODO.match(comment)
+      if match:
+        # One whitespace is correct; zero whitespace is handled elsewhere.
+        leading_whitespace = match.group(1)
+        if len(leading_whitespace) > 1:
+          error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/todo', 2,
+                'Too many spaces before TODO')
+
+        username = match.group(2)
+        if not username:
+          error(filename, linenum, 'readability/todo', 2,
+                'Missing username in TODO; it should look like '
+                '"// TODO(my_username): Stuff."')
+
+        middle_whitespace = match.group(3)
+        # Comparisons made explicit for correctness -- pylint: disable=g-explicit-bool-comparison
+        if middle_whitespace != ' ' and middle_whitespace != '':
+          error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/todo', 2,
+                'TODO(my_username) should be followed by a space')
+
+      # If the comment contains an alphanumeric character, there
+      # should be a space somewhere between it and the // unless
+      # it's a /// or //! Doxygen comment.
+      if (Match(r'//[^ ]*\w', comment) and
+          not Match(r'(///|//\!)(\s+|$)', comment)):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/comments', 4,
+              'Should have a space between // and comment')
+
+
+def CheckSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, nesting_state, error):
+  """Checks for the correctness of various spacing issues in the code.
+
+  Things we check for: spaces around operators, spaces after
+  if/for/while/switch, no spaces around parens in function calls, two
+  spaces between code and comment, don't start a block with a blank
+  line, don't end a function with a blank line, don't add a blank line
+  after public/protected/private, don't have too many blank lines in a row.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # Don't use "elided" lines here, otherwise we can't check commented lines.
+  # Don't want to use "raw" either, because we don't want to check inside C++11
+  # raw strings,
+  raw = clean_lines.lines_without_raw_strings
+  line = raw[linenum]
+
+  # Before nixing comments, check if the line is blank for no good
+  # reason.  This includes the first line after a block is opened, and
+  # blank lines at the end of a function (ie, right before a line like '}'
+  #
+  # Skip all the blank line checks if we are immediately inside a
+  # namespace body.  In other words, don't issue blank line warnings
+  # for this block:
+  #   namespace {
+  #
+  #   }
+  #
+  # A warning about missing end of namespace comments will be issued instead.
+  #
+  # Also skip blank line checks for 'extern "C"' blocks, which are formatted
+  # like namespaces.
+  if (IsBlankLine(line) and
+      not nesting_state.InNamespaceBody() and
+      not nesting_state.InExternC()):
+    elided = clean_lines.elided
+    prev_line = elided[linenum - 1]
+    prevbrace = prev_line.rfind('{')
+    # TODO(unknown): Don't complain if line before blank line, and line after,
+    #                both start with alnums and are indented the same amount.
+    #                This ignores whitespace at the start of a namespace block
+    #                because those are not usually indented.
+    if prevbrace != -1 and prev_line[prevbrace:].find('}') == -1:
+      # OK, we have a blank line at the start of a code block.  Before we
+      # complain, we check if it is an exception to the rule: The previous
+      # non-empty line has the parameters of a function header that are indented
+      # 4 spaces (because they did not fit in a 80 column line when placed on
+      # the same line as the function name).  We also check for the case where
+      # the previous line is indented 6 spaces, which may happen when the
+      # initializers of a constructor do not fit into a 80 column line.
+      exception = False
+      if Match(r' {6}\w', prev_line):  # Initializer list?
+        # We are looking for the opening column of initializer list, which
+        # should be indented 4 spaces to cause 6 space indentation afterwards.
+        search_position = linenum-2
+        while (search_position >= 0
+               and Match(r' {6}\w', elided[search_position])):
+          search_position -= 1
+        exception = (search_position >= 0
+                     and elided[search_position][:5] == '    :')
+      else:
+        # Search for the function arguments or an initializer list.  We use a
+        # simple heuristic here: If the line is indented 4 spaces; and we have a
+        # closing paren, without the opening paren, followed by an opening brace
+        # or colon (for initializer lists) we assume that it is the last line of
+        # a function header.  If we have a colon indented 4 spaces, it is an
+        # initializer list.
+        exception = (Match(r' {4}\w[^\(]*\)\s*(const\s*)?(\{\s*$|:)',
+                           prev_line)
+                     or Match(r' {4}:', prev_line))
+
+      if not exception:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/blank_line', 2,
+              'Redundant blank line at the start of a code block '
+              'should be deleted.')
+    # Ignore blank lines at the end of a block in a long if-else
+    # chain, like this:
+    #   if (condition1) {
+    #     // Something followed by a blank line
+    #
+    #   } else if (condition2) {
+    #     // Something else
+    #   }
+    if linenum + 1 < clean_lines.NumLines():
+      next_line = raw[linenum + 1]
+      if (next_line
+          and Match(r'\s*}', next_line)
+          and next_line.find('} else ') == -1):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/blank_line', 3,
+              'Redundant blank line at the end of a code block '
+              'should be deleted.')
+
+    matched = Match(r'\s*(public|protected|private):', prev_line)
+    if matched:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/blank_line', 3,
+            'Do not leave a blank line after "%s:"' % matched.group(1))
+
+  # Next, check comments
+  next_line_start = 0
+  if linenum + 1 < clean_lines.NumLines():
+    next_line = raw[linenum + 1]
+    next_line_start = len(next_line) - len(next_line.lstrip())
+  CheckComment(line, filename, linenum, next_line_start, error)
+
+  # get rid of comments and strings
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # You shouldn't have spaces before your brackets, except maybe after
+  # 'delete []' or 'return []() {};'
+  if Search(r'\w\s+\[', line) and not Search(r'(?:delete|return)\s+\[', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/braces', 5,
+          'Extra space before [')
+
+  # In range-based for, we wanted spaces before and after the colon, but
+  # not around "::" tokens that might appear.
+  if (Search(r'for *\(.*[^:]:[^: ]', line) or
+      Search(r'for *\(.*[^: ]:[^:]', line)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/forcolon', 2,
+          'Missing space around colon in range-based for loop')
+
+
+def CheckOperatorSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for horizontal spacing around operators.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Don't try to do spacing checks for operator methods.  Do this by
+  # replacing the troublesome characters with something else,
+  # preserving column position for all other characters.
+  #
+  # The replacement is done repeatedly to avoid false positives from
+  # operators that call operators.
+  while True:
+    match = Match(r'^(.*\boperator\b)(\S+)(\s*\(.*)$', line)
+    if match:
+      line = match.group(1) + ('_' * len(match.group(2))) + match.group(3)
+    else:
+      break
+
+  # We allow no-spaces around = within an if: "if ( (a=Foo()) == 0 )".
+  # Otherwise not.  Note we only check for non-spaces on *both* sides;
+  # sometimes people put non-spaces on one side when aligning ='s among
+  # many lines (not that this is behavior that I approve of...)
+  if ((Search(r'[\w.]=', line) or
+       Search(r'=[\w.]', line))
+      and not Search(r'\b(if|while|for) ', line)
+      # Operators taken from [lex.operators] in C++11 standard.
+      and not Search(r'(>=|<=|==|!=|&=|\^=|\|=|\+=|\*=|\/=|\%=)', line)
+      and not Search(r'operator=', line)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 4,
+          'Missing spaces around =')
+
+  # It's ok not to have spaces around binary operators like + - * /, but if
+  # there's too little whitespace, we get concerned.  It's hard to tell,
+  # though, so we punt on this one for now.  TODO.
+
+  # You should always have whitespace around binary operators.
+  #
+  # Check <= and >= first to avoid false positives with < and >, then
+  # check non-include lines for spacing around < and >.
+  #
+  # If the operator is followed by a comma, assume it's be used in a
+  # macro context and don't do any checks.  This avoids false
+  # positives.
+  #
+  # Note that && is not included here.  This is because there are too
+  # many false positives due to RValue references.
+  match = Search(r'[^<>=!\s](==|!=|<=|>=|\|\|)[^<>=!\s,;\)]', line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 3,
+          'Missing spaces around %s' % match.group(1))
+  elif not Match(r'#.*include', line):
+    # Look for < that is not surrounded by spaces.  This is only
+    # triggered if both sides are missing spaces, even though
+    # technically should should flag if at least one side is missing a
+    # space.  This is done to avoid some false positives with shifts.
+    match = Match(r'^(.*[^\s<])<[^\s=<,]', line)
+    if match:
+      (_, _, end_pos) = CloseExpression(
+          clean_lines, linenum, len(match.group(1)))
+      if end_pos <= -1:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 3,
+              'Missing spaces around <')
+
+    # Look for > that is not surrounded by spaces.  Similar to the
+    # above, we only trigger if both sides are missing spaces to avoid
+    # false positives with shifts.
+    match = Match(r'^(.*[^-\s>])>[^\s=>,]', line)
+    if match:
+      (_, _, start_pos) = ReverseCloseExpression(
+          clean_lines, linenum, len(match.group(1)))
+      if start_pos <= -1:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 3,
+              'Missing spaces around >')
+
+  # We allow no-spaces around << when used like this: 10<<20, but
+  # not otherwise (particularly, not when used as streams)
+  #
+  # We also allow operators following an opening parenthesis, since
+  # those tend to be macros that deal with operators.
+  match = Search(r'(operator|[^\s(<])(?:L|UL|LL|ULL|l|ul|ll|ull)?<<([^\s,=<])', line)
+  if (match and not (match.group(1).isdigit() and match.group(2).isdigit()) and
+      not (match.group(1) == 'operator' and match.group(2) == ';')):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 3,
+          'Missing spaces around <<')
+
+  # We allow no-spaces around >> for almost anything.  This is because
+  # C++11 allows ">>" to close nested templates, which accounts for
+  # most cases when ">>" is not followed by a space.
+  #
+  # We still warn on ">>" followed by alpha character, because that is
+  # likely due to ">>" being used for right shifts, e.g.:
+  #   value >> alpha
+  #
+  # When ">>" is used to close templates, the alphanumeric letter that
+  # follows would be part of an identifier, and there should still be
+  # a space separating the template type and the identifier.
+  #   type<type<type>> alpha
+  match = Search(r'>>[a-zA-Z_]', line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 3,
+          'Missing spaces around >>')
+
+  # There shouldn't be space around unary operators
+  match = Search(r'(!\s|~\s|[\s]--[\s;]|[\s]\+\+[\s;])', line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/operators', 4,
+          'Extra space for operator %s' % match.group(1))
+
+
+def CheckParenthesisSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for horizontal spacing around parentheses.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # No spaces after an if, while, switch, or for
+  match = Search(r' (if\(|for\(|while\(|switch\()', line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 5,
+          'Missing space before ( in %s' % match.group(1))
+
+  # For if/for/while/switch, the left and right parens should be
+  # consistent about how many spaces are inside the parens, and
+  # there should either be zero or one spaces inside the parens.
+  # We don't want: "if ( foo)" or "if ( foo   )".
+  # Exception: "for ( ; foo; bar)" and "for (foo; bar; )" are allowed.
+  match = Search(r'\b(if|for|while|switch)\s*'
+                 r'\(([ ]*)(.).*[^ ]+([ ]*)\)\s*{\s*$',
+                 line)
+  if match:
+    if len(match.group(2)) != len(match.group(4)):
+      if not (match.group(3) == ';' and
+              len(match.group(2)) == 1 + len(match.group(4)) or
+              not match.group(2) and Search(r'\bfor\s*\(.*; \)', line)):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 5,
+              'Mismatching spaces inside () in %s' % match.group(1))
+    if len(match.group(2)) not in [0, 1]:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/parens', 5,
+            'Should have zero or one spaces inside ( and ) in %s' %
+            match.group(1))
+
+
+def CheckCommaSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for horizontal spacing near commas and semicolons.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  raw = clean_lines.lines_without_raw_strings
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # You should always have a space after a comma (either as fn arg or operator)
+  #
+  # This does not apply when the non-space character following the
+  # comma is another comma, since the only time when that happens is
+  # for empty macro arguments.
+  #
+  # We run this check in two passes: first pass on elided lines to
+  # verify that lines contain missing whitespaces, second pass on raw
+  # lines to confirm that those missing whitespaces are not due to
+  # elided comments.
+  if (Search(r',[^,\s]', ReplaceAll(r'\boperator\s*,\s*\(', 'F(', line)) and
+      Search(r',[^,\s]', raw[linenum])):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/comma', 3,
+          'Missing space after ,')
+
+  # You should always have a space after a semicolon
+  # except for few corner cases
+  # TODO(unknown): clarify if 'if (1) { return 1;}' is requires one more
+  # space after ;
+  if Search(r';[^\s};\\)/]', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/semicolon', 3,
+          'Missing space after ;')
+
+
+def _IsType(clean_lines, nesting_state, expr):
+  """Check if expression looks like a type name, returns true if so.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    expr: The expression to check.
+  Returns:
+    True, if token looks like a type.
+  """
+  # Keep only the last token in the expression
+  last_word = Match(r'^.*(\b\S+)$', expr)
+  if last_word:
+    token = last_word.group(1)
+  else:
+    token = expr
+
+  # Match native types and stdint types
+  if _TYPES.match(token):
+    return True
+
+  # Try a bit harder to match templated types.  Walk up the nesting
+  # stack until we find something that resembles a typename
+  # declaration for what we are looking for.
+  typename_pattern = (r'\b(?:typename|class|struct)\s+' + re.escape(token) +
+                      r'\b')
+  block_index = len(nesting_state.stack) - 1
+  while block_index >= 0:
+    if isinstance(nesting_state.stack[block_index], _NamespaceInfo):
+      return False
+
+    # Found where the opening brace is.  We want to scan from this
+    # line up to the beginning of the function, minus a few lines.
+    #   template <typename Type1,  // stop scanning here
+    #             ...>
+    #   class C
+    #     : public ... {  // start scanning here
+    last_line = nesting_state.stack[block_index].starting_linenum
+
+    next_block_start = 0
+    if block_index > 0:
+      next_block_start = nesting_state.stack[block_index - 1].starting_linenum
+    first_line = last_line
+    while first_line >= next_block_start:
+      if clean_lines.elided[first_line].find('template') >= 0:
+        break
+      first_line -= 1
+    if first_line < next_block_start:
+      # Didn't find any "template" keyword before reaching the next block,
+      # there are probably no template things to check for this block
+      block_index -= 1
+      continue
+
+    # Look for typename in the specified range
+    for i in xrange(first_line, last_line + 1, 1):
+      if Search(typename_pattern, clean_lines.elided[i]):
+        return True
+    block_index -= 1
+
+  return False
+
+
+def CheckBracesSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, nesting_state, error):
+  """Checks for horizontal spacing near commas.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Except after an opening paren, or after another opening brace (in case of
+  # an initializer list, for instance), you should have spaces before your
+  # braces when they are delimiting blocks, classes, namespaces etc.
+  # And since you should never have braces at the beginning of a line,
+  # this is an easy test.  Except that braces used for initialization don't
+  # follow the same rule; we often don't want spaces before those.
+  match = Match(r'^(.*[^ ({>]){', line)
+
+  if match:
+    # Try a bit harder to check for brace initialization.  This
+    # happens in one of the following forms:
+    #   Constructor() : initializer_list_{} { ... }
+    #   Constructor{}.MemberFunction()
+    #   Type variable{};
+    #   FunctionCall(type{}, ...);
+    #   LastArgument(..., type{});
+    #   LOG(INFO) << type{} << " ...";
+    #   map_of_type[{...}] = ...;
+    #   ternary = expr ? new type{} : nullptr;
+    #   OuterTemplate<InnerTemplateConstructor<Type>{}>
+    #
+    # We check for the character following the closing brace, and
+    # silence the warning if it's one of those listed above, i.e.
+    # "{.;,)<>]:".
+    #
+    # To account for nested initializer list, we allow any number of
+    # closing braces up to "{;,)<".  We can't simply silence the
+    # warning on first sight of closing brace, because that would
+    # cause false negatives for things that are not initializer lists.
+    #   Silence this:         But not this:
+    #     Outer{                if (...) {
+    #       Inner{...}            if (...){  // Missing space before {
+    #     };                    }
+    #
+    # There is a false negative with this approach if people inserted
+    # spurious semicolons, e.g. "if (cond){};", but we will catch the
+    # spurious semicolon with a separate check.
+    leading_text = match.group(1)
+    (endline, endlinenum, endpos) = CloseExpression(
+        clean_lines, linenum, len(match.group(1)))
+    trailing_text = ''
+    if endpos > -1:
+      trailing_text = endline[endpos:]
+    for offset in xrange(endlinenum + 1,
+                         min(endlinenum + 3, clean_lines.NumLines() - 1)):
+      trailing_text += clean_lines.elided[offset]
+    # We also suppress warnings for `uint64_t{expression}` etc., as the style
+    # guide recommends brace initialization for integral types to avoid
+    # overflow/truncation.
+    if (not Match(r'^[\s}]*[{.;,)<>\]:]', trailing_text)
+        and not _IsType(clean_lines, nesting_state, leading_text)):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/braces', 5,
+            'Missing space before {')
+
+  # Make sure '} else {' has spaces.
+  if Search(r'}else', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/braces', 5,
+          'Missing space before else')
+
+  # You shouldn't have a space before a semicolon at the end of the line.
+  # There's a special case for "for" since the style guide allows space before
+  # the semicolon there.
+  if Search(r':\s*;\s*$', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/semicolon', 5,
+          'Semicolon defining empty statement. Use {} instead.')
+  elif Search(r'^\s*;\s*$', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/semicolon', 5,
+          'Line contains only semicolon. If this should be an empty statement, '
+          'use {} instead.')
+  elif (Search(r'\s+;\s*$', line) and
+        not Search(r'\bfor\b', line)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/semicolon', 5,
+          'Extra space before last semicolon. If this should be an empty '
+          'statement, use {} instead.')
+
+
+def IsDecltype(clean_lines, linenum, column):
+  """Check if the token ending on (linenum, column) is decltype().
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: the number of the line to check.
+    column: end column of the token to check.
+  Returns:
+    True if this token is decltype() expression, False otherwise.
+  """
+  (text, _, start_col) = ReverseCloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, column)
+  if start_col < 0:
+    return False
+  if Search(r'\bdecltype\s*$', text[0:start_col]):
+    return True
+  return False
+
+def CheckSectionSpacing(filename, clean_lines, class_info, linenum, error):
+  """Checks for additional blank line issues related to sections.
+
+  Currently the only thing checked here is blank line before protected/private.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    class_info: A _ClassInfo objects.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  # Skip checks if the class is small, where small means 25 lines or less.
+  # 25 lines seems like a good cutoff since that's the usual height of
+  # terminals, and any class that can't fit in one screen can't really
+  # be considered "small".
+  #
+  # Also skip checks if we are on the first line.  This accounts for
+  # classes that look like
+  #   class Foo { public: ... };
+  #
+  # If we didn't find the end of the class, last_line would be zero,
+  # and the check will be skipped by the first condition.
+  if (class_info.last_line - class_info.starting_linenum <= 24 or
+      linenum <= class_info.starting_linenum):
+    return
+
+  matched = Match(r'\s*(public|protected|private):', clean_lines.lines[linenum])
+  if matched:
+    # Issue warning if the line before public/protected/private was
+    # not a blank line, but don't do this if the previous line contains
+    # "class" or "struct".  This can happen two ways:
+    #  - We are at the beginning of the class.
+    #  - We are forward-declaring an inner class that is semantically
+    #    private, but needed to be public for implementation reasons.
+    # Also ignores cases where the previous line ends with a backslash as can be
+    # common when defining classes in C macros.
+    prev_line = clean_lines.lines[linenum - 1]
+    if (not IsBlankLine(prev_line) and
+        not Search(r'\b(class|struct)\b', prev_line) and
+        not Search(r'\\$', prev_line)):
+      # Try a bit harder to find the beginning of the class.  This is to
+      # account for multi-line base-specifier lists, e.g.:
+      #   class Derived
+      #       : public Base {
+      end_class_head = class_info.starting_linenum
+      for i in range(class_info.starting_linenum, linenum):
+        if Search(r'\{\s*$', clean_lines.lines[i]):
+          end_class_head = i
+          break
+      if end_class_head < linenum - 1:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/blank_line', 3,
+              '"%s:" should be preceded by a blank line' % matched.group(1))
+
+
+def GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum):
+  """Return the most recent non-blank line and its line number.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file contents.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+
+  Returns:
+    A tuple with two elements.  The first element is the contents of the last
+    non-blank line before the current line, or the empty string if this is the
+    first non-blank line.  The second is the line number of that line, or -1
+    if this is the first non-blank line.
+  """
+
+  prevlinenum = linenum - 1
+  while prevlinenum >= 0:
+    prevline = clean_lines.elided[prevlinenum]
+    if not IsBlankLine(prevline):     # if not a blank line...
+      return (prevline, prevlinenum)
+    prevlinenum -= 1
+  return ('', -1)
+
+
+def CheckBraces(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Looks for misplaced braces (e.g. at the end of line).
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]        # get rid of comments and strings
+
+  if Match(r'\s*{\s*$', line):
+    # We allow an open brace to start a line in the case where someone is using
+    # braces in a block to explicitly create a new scope, which is commonly used
+    # to control the lifetime of stack-allocated variables.  Braces are also
+    # used for brace initializers inside function calls.  We don't detect this
+    # perfectly: we just don't complain if the last non-whitespace character on
+    # the previous non-blank line is ',', ';', ':', '(', '{', or '}', or if the
+    # previous line starts a preprocessor block. We also allow a brace on the
+    # following line if it is part of an array initialization and would not fit
+    # within the 80 character limit of the preceding line.
+    prevline = GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum)[0]
+    if (not Search(r'[,;:}{(]\s*$', prevline) and
+        not Match(r'\s*#', prevline) and
+        not (GetLineWidth(prevline) > _line_length - 2 and '[]' in prevline)):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/braces', 4,
+            '{ should almost always be at the end of the previous line')
+
+  # An else clause should be on the same line as the preceding closing brace.
+  if Match(r'\s*else\b\s*(?:if\b|\{|$)', line):
+    prevline = GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum)[0]
+    if Match(r'\s*}\s*$', prevline):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/newline', 4,
+            'An else should appear on the same line as the preceding }')
+
+  # If braces come on one side of an else, they should be on both.
+  # However, we have to worry about "else if" that spans multiple lines!
+  if Search(r'else if\s*\(', line):       # could be multi-line if
+    brace_on_left = bool(Search(r'}\s*else if\s*\(', line))
+    # find the ( after the if
+    pos = line.find('else if')
+    pos = line.find('(', pos)
+    if pos > 0:
+      (endline, _, endpos) = CloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, pos)
+      brace_on_right = endline[endpos:].find('{') != -1
+      if brace_on_left != brace_on_right:    # must be brace after if
+        error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 5,
+              'If an else has a brace on one side, it should have it on both')
+  elif Search(r'}\s*else[^{]*$', line) or Match(r'[^}]*else\s*{', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 5,
+          'If an else has a brace on one side, it should have it on both')
+
+  # Likewise, an else should never have the else clause on the same line
+  if Search(r'\belse [^\s{]', line) and not Search(r'\belse if\b', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/newline', 4,
+          'Else clause should never be on same line as else (use 2 lines)')
+
+  # In the same way, a do/while should never be on one line
+  if Match(r'\s*do [^\s{]', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/newline', 4,
+          'do/while clauses should not be on a single line')
+
+  # Check single-line if/else bodies. The style guide says 'curly braces are not
+  # required for single-line statements'. We additionally allow multi-line,
+  # single statements, but we reject anything with more than one semicolon in
+  # it. This means that the first semicolon after the if should be at the end of
+  # its line, and the line after that should have an indent level equal to or
+  # lower than the if. We also check for ambiguous if/else nesting without
+  # braces.
+  if_else_match = Search(r'\b(if\s*\(|else\b)', line)
+  if if_else_match and not Match(r'\s*#', line):
+    if_indent = GetIndentLevel(line)
+    endline, endlinenum, endpos = line, linenum, if_else_match.end()
+    if_match = Search(r'\bif\s*\(', line)
+    if if_match:
+      # This could be a multiline if condition, so find the end first.
+      pos = if_match.end() - 1
+      (endline, endlinenum, endpos) = CloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, pos)
+    # Check for an opening brace, either directly after the if or on the next
+    # line. If found, this isn't a single-statement conditional.
+    if (not Match(r'\s*{', endline[endpos:])
+        and not (Match(r'\s*$', endline[endpos:])
+                 and endlinenum < (len(clean_lines.elided) - 1)
+                 and Match(r'\s*{', clean_lines.elided[endlinenum + 1]))):
+      while (endlinenum < len(clean_lines.elided)
+             and ';' not in clean_lines.elided[endlinenum][endpos:]):
+        endlinenum += 1
+        endpos = 0
+      if endlinenum < len(clean_lines.elided):
+        endline = clean_lines.elided[endlinenum]
+        # We allow a mix of whitespace and closing braces (e.g. for one-liner
+        # methods) and a single \ after the semicolon (for macros)
+        endpos = endline.find(';')
+        if not Match(r';[\s}]*(\\?)$', endline[endpos:]):
+          # Semicolon isn't the last character, there's something trailing.
+          # Output a warning if the semicolon is not contained inside
+          # a lambda expression.
+          if not Match(r'^[^{};]*\[[^\[\]]*\][^{}]*\{[^{}]*\}\s*\)*[;,]\s*$',
+                       endline):
+            error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 4,
+                  'If/else bodies with multiple statements require braces')
+        elif endlinenum < len(clean_lines.elided) - 1:
+          # Make sure the next line is dedented
+          next_line = clean_lines.elided[endlinenum + 1]
+          next_indent = GetIndentLevel(next_line)
+          # With ambiguous nested if statements, this will error out on the
+          # if that *doesn't* match the else, regardless of whether it's the
+          # inner one or outer one.
+          if (if_match and Match(r'\s*else\b', next_line)
+              and next_indent != if_indent):
+            error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 4,
+                  'Else clause should be indented at the same level as if. '
+                  'Ambiguous nested if/else chains require braces.')
+          elif next_indent > if_indent:
+            error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 4,
+                  'If/else bodies with multiple statements require braces')
+
+
+def CheckTrailingSemicolon(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Looks for redundant trailing semicolon.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Block bodies should not be followed by a semicolon.  Due to C++11
+  # brace initialization, there are more places where semicolons are
+  # required than not, so we use a whitelist approach to check these
+  # rather than a blacklist.  These are the places where "};" should
+  # be replaced by just "}":
+  # 1. Some flavor of block following closing parenthesis:
+  #    for (;;) {};
+  #    while (...) {};
+  #    switch (...) {};
+  #    Function(...) {};
+  #    if (...) {};
+  #    if (...) else if (...) {};
+  #
+  # 2. else block:
+  #    if (...) else {};
+  #
+  # 3. const member function:
+  #    Function(...) const {};
+  #
+  # 4. Block following some statement:
+  #    x = 42;
+  #    {};
+  #
+  # 5. Block at the beginning of a function:
+  #    Function(...) {
+  #      {};
+  #    }
+  #
+  #    Note that naively checking for the preceding "{" will also match
+  #    braces inside multi-dimensional arrays, but this is fine since
+  #    that expression will not contain semicolons.
+  #
+  # 6. Block following another block:
+  #    while (true) {}
+  #    {};
+  #
+  # 7. End of namespaces:
+  #    namespace {};
+  #
+  #    These semicolons seems far more common than other kinds of
+  #    redundant semicolons, possibly due to people converting classes
+  #    to namespaces.  For now we do not warn for this case.
+  #
+  # Try matching case 1 first.
+  match = Match(r'^(.*\)\s*)\{', line)
+  if match:
+    # Matched closing parenthesis (case 1).  Check the token before the
+    # matching opening parenthesis, and don't warn if it looks like a
+    # macro.  This avoids these false positives:
+    #  - macro that defines a base class
+    #  - multi-line macro that defines a base class
+    #  - macro that defines the whole class-head
+    #
+    # But we still issue warnings for macros that we know are safe to
+    # warn, specifically:
+    #  - TEST, TEST_F, TEST_P, MATCHER, MATCHER_P
+    #  - TYPED_TEST
+    #  - INTERFACE_DEF
+    #  - EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED, SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED, LOCKS_EXCLUDED:
+    #
+    # We implement a whitelist of safe macros instead of a blacklist of
+    # unsafe macros, even though the latter appears less frequently in
+    # google code and would have been easier to implement.  This is because
+    # the downside for getting the whitelist wrong means some extra
+    # semicolons, while the downside for getting the blacklist wrong
+    # would result in compile errors.
+    #
+    # In addition to macros, we also don't want to warn on
+    #  - Compound literals
+    #  - Lambdas
+    #  - alignas specifier with anonymous structs
+    #  - decltype
+    closing_brace_pos = match.group(1).rfind(')')
+    opening_parenthesis = ReverseCloseExpression(
+        clean_lines, linenum, closing_brace_pos)
+    if opening_parenthesis[2] > -1:
+      line_prefix = opening_parenthesis[0][0:opening_parenthesis[2]]
+      macro = Search(r'\b([A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)\s*$', line_prefix)
+      func = Match(r'^(.*\])\s*$', line_prefix)
+      if ((macro and
+           macro.group(1) not in (
+               'TEST', 'TEST_F', 'MATCHER', 'MATCHER_P', 'TYPED_TEST',
+               'EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED', 'SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED',
+               'LOCKS_EXCLUDED', 'INTERFACE_DEF')) or
+          (func and not Search(r'\boperator\s*\[\s*\]', func.group(1))) or
+          Search(r'\b(?:struct|union)\s+alignas\s*$', line_prefix) or
+          Search(r'\bdecltype$', line_prefix) or
+          Search(r'\s+=\s*$', line_prefix)):
+        match = None
+    if (match and
+        opening_parenthesis[1] > 1 and
+        Search(r'\]\s*$', clean_lines.elided[opening_parenthesis[1] - 1])):
+      # Multi-line lambda-expression
+      match = None
+
+  else:
+    # Try matching cases 2-3.
+    match = Match(r'^(.*(?:else|\)\s*const)\s*)\{', line)
+    if not match:
+      # Try matching cases 4-6.  These are always matched on separate lines.
+      #
+      # Note that we can't simply concatenate the previous line to the
+      # current line and do a single match, otherwise we may output
+      # duplicate warnings for the blank line case:
+      #   if (cond) {
+      #     // blank line
+      #   }
+      prevline = GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum)[0]
+      if prevline and Search(r'[;{}]\s*$', prevline):
+        match = Match(r'^(\s*)\{', line)
+
+  # Check matching closing brace
+  if match:
+    (endline, endlinenum, endpos) = CloseExpression(
+        clean_lines, linenum, len(match.group(1)))
+    if endpos > -1 and Match(r'^\s*;', endline[endpos:]):
+      # Current {} pair is eligible for semicolon check, and we have found
+      # the redundant semicolon, output warning here.
+      #
+      # Note: because we are scanning forward for opening braces, and
+      # outputting warnings for the matching closing brace, if there are
+      # nested blocks with trailing semicolons, we will get the error
+      # messages in reversed order.
+
+      # We need to check the line forward for NOLINT
+      raw_lines = clean_lines.raw_lines
+      ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_lines[endlinenum-1], endlinenum-1,
+                              error)
+      ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_lines[endlinenum], endlinenum,
+                              error)
+
+      error(filename, endlinenum, 'readability/braces', 4,
+            "You don't need a ; after a }")
+
+
+def CheckEmptyBlockBody(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Look for empty loop/conditional body with only a single semicolon.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # Search for loop keywords at the beginning of the line.  Because only
+  # whitespaces are allowed before the keywords, this will also ignore most
+  # do-while-loops, since those lines should start with closing brace.
+  #
+  # We also check "if" blocks here, since an empty conditional block
+  # is likely an error.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  matched = Match(r'\s*(for|while|if)\s*\(', line)
+  if matched:
+    # Find the end of the conditional expression.
+    (end_line, end_linenum, end_pos) = CloseExpression(
+        clean_lines, linenum, line.find('('))
+
+    # Output warning if what follows the condition expression is a semicolon.
+    # No warning for all other cases, including whitespace or newline, since we
+    # have a separate check for semicolons preceded by whitespace.
+    if end_pos >= 0 and Match(r';', end_line[end_pos:]):
+      if matched.group(1) == 'if':
+        error(filename, end_linenum, 'whitespace/empty_conditional_body', 5,
+              'Empty conditional bodies should use {}')
+      else:
+        error(filename, end_linenum, 'whitespace/empty_loop_body', 5,
+              'Empty loop bodies should use {} or continue')
+
+    # Check for if statements that have completely empty bodies (no comments)
+    # and no else clauses.
+    if end_pos >= 0 and matched.group(1) == 'if':
+      # Find the position of the opening { for the if statement.
+      # Return without logging an error if it has no brackets.
+      opening_linenum = end_linenum
+      opening_line_fragment = end_line[end_pos:]
+      # Loop until EOF or find anything that's not whitespace or opening {.
+      while not Search(r'^\s*\{', opening_line_fragment):
+        if Search(r'^(?!\s*$)', opening_line_fragment):
+          # Conditional has no brackets.
+          return
+        opening_linenum += 1
+        if opening_linenum == len(clean_lines.elided):
+          # Couldn't find conditional's opening { or any code before EOF.
+          return
+        opening_line_fragment = clean_lines.elided[opening_linenum]
+      # Set opening_line (opening_line_fragment may not be entire opening line).
+      opening_line = clean_lines.elided[opening_linenum]
+
+      # Find the position of the closing }.
+      opening_pos = opening_line_fragment.find('{')
+      if opening_linenum == end_linenum:
+        # We need to make opening_pos relative to the start of the entire line.
+        opening_pos += end_pos
+      (closing_line, closing_linenum, closing_pos) = CloseExpression(
+          clean_lines, opening_linenum, opening_pos)
+      if closing_pos < 0:
+        return
+
+      # Now construct the body of the conditional. This consists of the portion
+      # of the opening line after the {, all lines until the closing line,
+      # and the portion of the closing line before the }.
+      if (clean_lines.raw_lines[opening_linenum] !=
+          CleanseComments(clean_lines.raw_lines[opening_linenum])):
+        # Opening line ends with a comment, so conditional isn't empty.
+        return
+      if closing_linenum > opening_linenum:
+        # Opening line after the {. Ignore comments here since we checked above.
+        bodylist = list(opening_line[opening_pos+1:])
+        # All lines until closing line, excluding closing line, with comments.
+        bodylist.extend(clean_lines.raw_lines[opening_linenum+1:closing_linenum])
+        # Closing line before the }. Won't (and can't) have comments.
+        bodylist.append(clean_lines.elided[closing_linenum][:closing_pos-1])
+        body = '\n'.join(bodylist)
+      else:
+        # If statement has brackets and fits on a single line.
+        body = opening_line[opening_pos+1:closing_pos-1]
+
+      # Check if the body is empty
+      if not _EMPTY_CONDITIONAL_BODY_PATTERN.search(body):
+        return
+      # The body is empty. Now make sure there's not an else clause.
+      current_linenum = closing_linenum
+      current_line_fragment = closing_line[closing_pos:]
+      # Loop until EOF or find anything that's not whitespace or else clause.
+      while Search(r'^\s*$|^(?=\s*else)', current_line_fragment):
+        if Search(r'^(?=\s*else)', current_line_fragment):
+          # Found an else clause, so don't log an error.
+          return
+        current_linenum += 1
+        if current_linenum == len(clean_lines.elided):
+          break
+        current_line_fragment = clean_lines.elided[current_linenum]
+
+      # The body is empty and there's no else clause until EOF or other code.
+      error(filename, end_linenum, 'whitespace/empty_if_body', 4,
+            ('If statement had no body and no else clause'))
+
+
+def FindCheckMacro(line):
+  """Find a replaceable CHECK-like macro.
+
+  Args:
+    line: line to search on.
+  Returns:
+    (macro name, start position), or (None, -1) if no replaceable
+    macro is found.
+  """
+  for macro in _CHECK_MACROS:
+    i = line.find(macro)
+    if i >= 0:
+      # Find opening parenthesis.  Do a regular expression match here
+      # to make sure that we are matching the expected CHECK macro, as
+      # opposed to some other macro that happens to contain the CHECK
+      # substring.
+      matched = Match(r'^(.*\b' + macro + r'\s*)\(', line)
+      if not matched:
+        continue
+      return (macro, len(matched.group(1)))
+  return (None, -1)
+
+
+def CheckCheck(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Checks the use of CHECK and EXPECT macros.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # Decide the set of replacement macros that should be suggested
+  lines = clean_lines.elided
+  (check_macro, start_pos) = FindCheckMacro(lines[linenum])
+  if not check_macro:
+    return
+
+  # Find end of the boolean expression by matching parentheses
+  (last_line, end_line, end_pos) = CloseExpression(
+      clean_lines, linenum, start_pos)
+  if end_pos < 0:
+    return
+
+  # If the check macro is followed by something other than a
+  # semicolon, assume users will log their own custom error messages
+  # and don't suggest any replacements.
+  if not Match(r'\s*;', last_line[end_pos:]):
+    return
+
+  if linenum == end_line:
+    expression = lines[linenum][start_pos + 1:end_pos - 1]
+  else:
+    expression = lines[linenum][start_pos + 1:]
+    for i in xrange(linenum + 1, end_line):
+      expression += lines[i]
+    expression += last_line[0:end_pos - 1]
+
+  # Parse expression so that we can take parentheses into account.
+  # This avoids false positives for inputs like "CHECK((a < 4) == b)",
+  # which is not replaceable by CHECK_LE.
+  lhs = ''
+  rhs = ''
+  operator = None
+  while expression:
+    matched = Match(r'^\s*(<<|<<=|>>|>>=|->\*|->|&&|\|\||'
+                    r'==|!=|>=|>|<=|<|\()(.*)$', expression)
+    if matched:
+      token = matched.group(1)
+      if token == '(':
+        # Parenthesized operand
+        expression = matched.group(2)
+        (end, _) = FindEndOfExpressionInLine(expression, 0, ['('])
+        if end < 0:
+          return  # Unmatched parenthesis
+        lhs += '(' + expression[0:end]
+        expression = expression[end:]
+      elif token in ('&&', '||'):
+        # Logical and/or operators.  This means the expression
+        # contains more than one term, for example:
+        #   CHECK(42 < a && a < b);
+        #
+        # These are not replaceable with CHECK_LE, so bail out early.
+        return
+      elif token in ('<<', '<<=', '>>', '>>=', '->*', '->'):
+        # Non-relational operator
+        lhs += token
+        expression = matched.group(2)
+      else:
+        # Relational operator
+        operator = token
+        rhs = matched.group(2)
+        break
+    else:
+      # Unparenthesized operand.  Instead of appending to lhs one character
+      # at a time, we do another regular expression match to consume several
+      # characters at once if possible.  Trivial benchmark shows that this
+      # is more efficient when the operands are longer than a single
+      # character, which is generally the case.
+      matched = Match(r'^([^-=!<>()&|]+)(.*)$', expression)
+      if not matched:
+        matched = Match(r'^(\s*\S)(.*)$', expression)
+        if not matched:
+          break
+      lhs += matched.group(1)
+      expression = matched.group(2)
+
+  # Only apply checks if we got all parts of the boolean expression
+  if not (lhs and operator and rhs):
+    return
+
+  # Check that rhs do not contain logical operators.  We already know
+  # that lhs is fine since the loop above parses out && and ||.
+  if rhs.find('&&') > -1 or rhs.find('||') > -1:
+    return
+
+  # At least one of the operands must be a constant literal.  This is
+  # to avoid suggesting replacements for unprintable things like
+  # CHECK(variable != iterator)
+  #
+  # The following pattern matches decimal, hex integers, strings, and
+  # characters (in that order).
+  lhs = lhs.strip()
+  rhs = rhs.strip()
+  match_constant = r'^([-+]?(\d+|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+)[lLuU]{0,3}|".*"|\'.*\')$'
+  if Match(match_constant, lhs) or Match(match_constant, rhs):
+    # Note: since we know both lhs and rhs, we can provide a more
+    # descriptive error message like:
+    #   Consider using CHECK_EQ(x, 42) instead of CHECK(x == 42)
+    # Instead of:
+    #   Consider using CHECK_EQ instead of CHECK(a == b)
+    #
+    # We are still keeping the less descriptive message because if lhs
+    # or rhs gets long, the error message might become unreadable.
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/check', 2,
+          'Consider using %s instead of %s(a %s b)' % (
+              _CHECK_REPLACEMENT[check_macro][operator],
+              check_macro, operator))
+
+
+def CheckAltTokens(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check alternative keywords being used in boolean expressions.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Avoid preprocessor lines
+  if Match(r'^\s*#', line):
+    return
+
+  # Last ditch effort to avoid multi-line comments.  This will not help
+  # if the comment started before the current line or ended after the
+  # current line, but it catches most of the false positives.  At least,
+  # it provides a way to workaround this warning for people who use
+  # multi-line comments in preprocessor macros.
+  #
+  # TODO(unknown): remove this once cpplint has better support for
+  # multi-line comments.
+  if line.find('/*') >= 0 or line.find('*/') >= 0:
+    return
+
+  for match in _ALT_TOKEN_REPLACEMENT_PATTERN.finditer(line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/alt_tokens', 2,
+          'Use operator %s instead of %s' % (
+              _ALT_TOKEN_REPLACEMENT[match.group(1)], match.group(1)))
+
+
+def GetLineWidth(line):
+  """Determines the width of the line in column positions.
+
+  Args:
+    line: A string, which may be a Unicode string.
+
+  Returns:
+    The width of the line in column positions, accounting for Unicode
+    combining characters and wide characters.
+  """
+  if isinstance(line, unicode):
+    width = 0
+    for uc in unicodedata.normalize('NFC', line):
+      if unicodedata.east_asian_width(uc) in ('W', 'F'):
+        width += 2
+      elif not unicodedata.combining(uc):
+        # Issue 337
+        # https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2012-August/628809.html
+        if (sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor) <= (3, 2):
+          # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/2.7/Include/unicodeobject.h#L81
+          is_wide_build = sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_UNICODE_SIZE") >= 4
+          # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/2.7/Objects/unicodeobject.c#L564
+          is_low_surrogate = 0xDC00 <= ord(uc) <= 0xDFFF
+          if not is_wide_build and is_low_surrogate:
+            width -= 1
+
+        width += 1
+    return width
+  else:
+    return len(line)
+
+
+def CheckStyle(filename, clean_lines, linenum, file_extension, nesting_state,
+               error):
+  """Checks rules from the 'C++ style rules' section of cppguide.html.
+
+  Most of these rules are hard to test (naming, comment style), but we
+  do what we can.  In particular we check for 2-space indents, line lengths,
+  tab usage, spaces inside code, etc.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    file_extension: The extension (without the dot) of the filename.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+
+  # Don't use "elided" lines here, otherwise we can't check commented lines.
+  # Don't want to use "raw" either, because we don't want to check inside C++11
+  # raw strings,
+  raw_lines = clean_lines.lines_without_raw_strings
+  line = raw_lines[linenum]
+  prev = raw_lines[linenum - 1] if linenum > 0 else ''
+
+  if line.find('\t') != -1:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/tab', 1,
+          'Tab found; better to use spaces')
+
+  # One or three blank spaces at the beginning of the line is weird; it's
+  # hard to reconcile that with 2-space indents.
+  # NOTE: here are the conditions rob pike used for his tests.  Mine aren't
+  # as sophisticated, but it may be worth becoming so:  RLENGTH==initial_spaces
+  # if(RLENGTH > 20) complain = 0;
+  # if(match($0, " +(error|private|public|protected):")) complain = 0;
+  # if(match(prev, "&& *$")) complain = 0;
+  # if(match(prev, "\\|\\| *$")) complain = 0;
+  # if(match(prev, "[\",=><] *$")) complain = 0;
+  # if(match($0, " <<")) complain = 0;
+  # if(match(prev, " +for \\(")) complain = 0;
+  # if(prevodd && match(prevprev, " +for \\(")) complain = 0;
+  scope_or_label_pattern = r'\s*\w+\s*:\s*\\?$'
+  classinfo = nesting_state.InnermostClass()
+  initial_spaces = 0
+  cleansed_line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  while initial_spaces < len(line) and line[initial_spaces] == ' ':
+    initial_spaces += 1
+  # There are certain situations we allow one space, notably for
+  # section labels, and also lines containing multi-line raw strings.
+  # We also don't check for lines that look like continuation lines
+  # (of lines ending in double quotes, commas, equals, or angle brackets)
+  # because the rules for how to indent those are non-trivial.
+  if (not Search(r'[",=><] *$', prev) and
+      (initial_spaces == 1 or initial_spaces == 3) and
+      not Match(scope_or_label_pattern, cleansed_line) and
+      not (clean_lines.raw_lines[linenum] != line and
+           Match(r'^\s*""', line))):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/indent', 3,
+          'Weird number of spaces at line-start.  '
+          'Are you using a 2-space indent?')
+
+  if line and line[-1].isspace():
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/end_of_line', 4,
+          'Line ends in whitespace.  Consider deleting these extra spaces.')
+
+  # Check if the line is a header guard.
+  is_header_guard = False
+  if IsHeaderExtension(file_extension):
+    cppvar = GetHeaderGuardCPPVariable(filename)
+    if (line.startswith('#ifndef %s' % cppvar) or
+        line.startswith('#define %s' % cppvar) or
+        line.startswith('#endif  // %s' % cppvar)):
+      is_header_guard = True
+  # #include lines and header guards can be long, since there's no clean way to
+  # split them.
+  #
+  # URLs can be long too.  It's possible to split these, but it makes them
+  # harder to cut&paste.
+  #
+  # The "$Id:...$" comment may also get very long without it being the
+  # developers fault.
+  #
+  # Doxygen documentation copying can get pretty long when using an overloaded
+  # function declaration
+  if (not line.startswith('#include') and not is_header_guard and
+      not Match(r'^\s*//.*http(s?)://\S*$', line) and
+      not Match(r'^\s*//\s*[^\s]*$', line) and
+      not Match(r'^// \$Id:.*#[0-9]+ \$$', line) and
+      not Match(r'^\s*/// [@\\](copydoc|copydetails|copybrief) .*$', line)):
+    line_width = GetLineWidth(line)
+    if line_width > _line_length:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/line_length', 2,
+            'Lines should be <= %i characters long' % _line_length)
+
+  if (cleansed_line.count(';') > 1 and
+      # allow simple single line lambdas
+      not Match(r'^[^{};]*\[[^\[\]]*\][^{}]*\{[^{}\n\r]*\}',
+                line) and
+      # for loops are allowed two ;'s (and may run over two lines).
+      cleansed_line.find('for') == -1 and
+      (GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum)[0].find('for') == -1 or
+       GetPreviousNonBlankLine(clean_lines, linenum)[0].find(';') != -1) and
+      # It's ok to have many commands in a switch case that fits in 1 line
+      not ((cleansed_line.find('case ') != -1 or
+            cleansed_line.find('default:') != -1) and
+           cleansed_line.find('break;') != -1)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/newline', 0,
+          'More than one command on the same line')
+
+  # Some more style checks
+  CheckBraces(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckTrailingSemicolon(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckEmptyBlockBody(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, nesting_state, error)
+  CheckOperatorSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckParenthesisSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckCommaSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckBracesSpacing(filename, clean_lines, linenum, nesting_state, error)
+  CheckSpacingForFunctionCall(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckCheck(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckAltTokens(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  classinfo = nesting_state.InnermostClass()
+  if classinfo:
+    CheckSectionSpacing(filename, clean_lines, classinfo, linenum, error)
+
+
+_RE_PATTERN_INCLUDE = re.compile(r'^\s*#\s*include\s*([<"])([^>"]*)[>"].*$')
+# Matches the first component of a filename delimited by -s and _s. That is:
+#  _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match('foo').group(0) == 'foo'
+#  _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match('foo.cc').group(0) == 'foo'
+#  _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match('foo-bar_baz.cc').group(0) == 'foo'
+#  _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match('foo_bar-baz.cc').group(0) == 'foo'
+_RE_FIRST_COMPONENT = re.compile(r'^[^-_.]+')
+
+
+def _DropCommonSuffixes(filename):
+  """Drops common suffixes like _test.cc or -inl.h from filename.
+
+  For example:
+    >>> _DropCommonSuffixes('foo/foo-inl.h')
+    'foo/foo'
+    >>> _DropCommonSuffixes('foo/bar/foo.cc')
+    'foo/bar/foo'
+    >>> _DropCommonSuffixes('foo/foo_internal.h')
+    'foo/foo'
+    >>> _DropCommonSuffixes('foo/foo_unusualinternal.h')
+    'foo/foo_unusualinternal'
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The input filename.
+
+  Returns:
+    The filename with the common suffix removed.
+  """
+  for suffix in itertools.chain(
+      ('%s.%s' % (test_suffix.lstrip('_'), ext)
+       for test_suffix, ext in itertools.product(_test_suffixes, GetNonHeaderExtensions())),
+      ('%s.%s' % (suffix, ext)
+       for suffix, ext in itertools.product(['inl', 'imp', 'internal'], GetHeaderExtensions()))):
+    if (filename.endswith(suffix) and len(filename) > len(suffix) and
+        filename[-len(suffix) - 1] in ('-', '_')):
+      return filename[:-len(suffix) - 1]
+  return os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
+
+
+def _ClassifyInclude(fileinfo, include, is_system):
+  """Figures out what kind of header 'include' is.
+
+  Args:
+    fileinfo: The current file cpplint is running over. A FileInfo instance.
+    include: The path to a #included file.
+    is_system: True if the #include used <> rather than "".
+
+  Returns:
+    One of the _XXX_HEADER constants.
+
+  For example:
+    >>> _ClassifyInclude(FileInfo('foo/foo.cc'), 'stdio.h', True)
+    _C_SYS_HEADER
+    >>> _ClassifyInclude(FileInfo('foo/foo.cc'), 'string', True)
+    _CPP_SYS_HEADER
+    >>> _ClassifyInclude(FileInfo('foo/foo.cc'), 'foo/foo.h', False)
+    _LIKELY_MY_HEADER
+    >>> _ClassifyInclude(FileInfo('foo/foo_unknown_extension.cc'),
+    ...                  'bar/foo_other_ext.h', False)
+    _POSSIBLE_MY_HEADER
+    >>> _ClassifyInclude(FileInfo('foo/foo.cc'), 'foo/bar.h', False)
+    _OTHER_HEADER
+  """
+  # This is a list of all standard c++ header files, except
+  # those already checked for above.
+  is_cpp_h = include in _CPP_HEADERS
+
+  # Headers with C++ extensions shouldn't be considered C system headers
+  if is_system and os.path.splitext(include)[1] in ['.hpp', '.hxx', '.h++']:
+    is_system = False
+
+  if is_system:
+    if is_cpp_h:
+      return _CPP_SYS_HEADER
+    else:
+      return _C_SYS_HEADER
+
+  # If the target file and the include we're checking share a
+  # basename when we drop common extensions, and the include
+  # lives in . , then it's likely to be owned by the target file.
+  target_dir, target_base = (
+      os.path.split(_DropCommonSuffixes(fileinfo.RepositoryName())))
+  include_dir, include_base = os.path.split(_DropCommonSuffixes(include))
+  target_dir_pub = os.path.normpath(target_dir + '/../public')
+  target_dir_pub = target_dir_pub.replace('\\', '/')
+  if target_base == include_base and (
+      include_dir == target_dir or
+      include_dir == target_dir_pub):
+    return _LIKELY_MY_HEADER
+
+  # If the target and include share some initial basename
+  # component, it's possible the target is implementing the
+  # include, so it's allowed to be first, but we'll never
+  # complain if it's not there.
+  target_first_component = _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match(target_base)
+  include_first_component = _RE_FIRST_COMPONENT.match(include_base)
+  if (target_first_component and include_first_component and
+      target_first_component.group(0) ==
+      include_first_component.group(0)):
+    return _POSSIBLE_MY_HEADER
+
+  return _OTHER_HEADER
+
+
+
+def CheckIncludeLine(filename, clean_lines, linenum, include_state, error):
+  """Check rules that are applicable to #include lines.
+
+  Strings on #include lines are NOT removed from elided line, to make
+  certain tasks easier. However, to prevent false positives, checks
+  applicable to #include lines in CheckLanguage must be put here.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    include_state: An _IncludeState instance in which the headers are inserted.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  fileinfo = FileInfo(filename)
+  line = clean_lines.lines[linenum]
+
+  # "include" should use the new style "foo/bar.h" instead of just "bar.h"
+  # Only do this check if the included header follows google naming
+  # conventions.  If not, assume that it's a 3rd party API that
+  # requires special include conventions.
+  #
+  # We also make an exception for Lua headers, which follow google
+  # naming convention but not the include convention.
+  match = Match(r'#include\s*"([^/]+\.h)"', line)
+  if match and not _THIRD_PARTY_HEADERS_PATTERN.match(match.group(1)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/include_subdir', 4,
+          'Include the directory when naming .h files')
+
+  # we shouldn't include a file more than once. actually, there are a
+  # handful of instances where doing so is okay, but in general it's
+  # not.
+  match = _RE_PATTERN_INCLUDE.search(line)
+  if match:
+    include = match.group(2)
+    is_system = (match.group(1) == '<')
+    duplicate_line = include_state.FindHeader(include)
+    if duplicate_line >= 0:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'build/include', 4,
+            '"%s" already included at %s:%s' %
+            (include, filename, duplicate_line))
+      return
+
+    for extension in GetNonHeaderExtensions():
+      if (include.endswith('.' + extension) and
+          os.path.dirname(fileinfo.RepositoryName()) != os.path.dirname(include)):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'build/include', 4,
+              'Do not include .' + extension + ' files from other packages')
+        return
+
+    if not _THIRD_PARTY_HEADERS_PATTERN.match(include):
+      include_state.include_list[-1].append((include, linenum))
+
+      # We want to ensure that headers appear in the right order:
+      # 1) for foo.cc, foo.h  (preferred location)
+      # 2) c system files
+      # 3) cpp system files
+      # 4) for foo.cc, foo.h  (deprecated location)
+      # 5) other google headers
+      #
+      # We classify each include statement as one of those 5 types
+      # using a number of techniques. The include_state object keeps
+      # track of the highest type seen, and complains if we see a
+      # lower type after that.
+      error_message = include_state.CheckNextIncludeOrder(
+          _ClassifyInclude(fileinfo, include, is_system))
+      if error_message:
+        error(filename, linenum, 'build/include_order', 4,
+              '%s. Should be: %s.h, c system, c++ system, other.' %
+              (error_message, fileinfo.BaseName()))
+      canonical_include = include_state.CanonicalizeAlphabeticalOrder(include)
+      if not include_state.IsInAlphabeticalOrder(
+          clean_lines, linenum, canonical_include):
+        error(filename, linenum, 'build/include_alpha', 4,
+              'Include "%s" not in alphabetical order' % include)
+      include_state.SetLastHeader(canonical_include)
+
+
+
+def _GetTextInside(text, start_pattern):
+  r"""Retrieves all the text between matching open and close parentheses.
+
+  Given a string of lines and a regular expression string, retrieve all the text
+  following the expression and between opening punctuation symbols like
+  (, [, or {, and the matching close-punctuation symbol. This properly nested
+  occurrences of the punctuations, so for the text like
+    printf(a(), b(c()));
+  a call to _GetTextInside(text, r'printf\(') will return 'a(), b(c())'.
+  start_pattern must match string having an open punctuation symbol at the end.
+
+  Args:
+    text: The lines to extract text. Its comments and strings must be elided.
+           It can be single line and can span multiple lines.
+    start_pattern: The regexp string indicating where to start extracting
+                   the text.
+  Returns:
+    The extracted text.
+    None if either the opening string or ending punctuation could not be found.
+  """
+  # TODO(unknown): Audit cpplint.py to see what places could be profitably
+  # rewritten to use _GetTextInside (and use inferior regexp matching today).
+
+  # Give opening punctuations to get the matching close-punctuations.
+  matching_punctuation = {'(': ')', '{': '}', '[': ']'}
+  closing_punctuation = set(itervalues(matching_punctuation))
+
+  # Find the position to start extracting text.
+  match = re.search(start_pattern, text, re.M)
+  if not match:  # start_pattern not found in text.
+    return None
+  start_position = match.end(0)
+
+  assert start_position > 0, (
+      'start_pattern must ends with an opening punctuation.')
+  assert text[start_position - 1] in matching_punctuation, (
+      'start_pattern must ends with an opening punctuation.')
+  # Stack of closing punctuations we expect to have in text after position.
+  punctuation_stack = [matching_punctuation[text[start_position - 1]]]
+  position = start_position
+  while punctuation_stack and position < len(text):
+    if text[position] == punctuation_stack[-1]:
+      punctuation_stack.pop()
+    elif text[position] in closing_punctuation:
+      # A closing punctuation without matching opening punctuations.
+      return None
+    elif text[position] in matching_punctuation:
+      punctuation_stack.append(matching_punctuation[text[position]])
+    position += 1
+  if punctuation_stack:
+    # Opening punctuations left without matching close-punctuations.
+    return None
+  # punctuations match.
+  return text[start_position:position - 1]
+
+
+# Patterns for matching call-by-reference parameters.
+#
+# Supports nested templates up to 2 levels deep using this messy pattern:
+#   < (?: < (?: < [^<>]*
+#               >
+#           |   [^<>] )*
+#         >
+#     |   [^<>] )*
+#   >
+_RE_PATTERN_IDENT = r'[_a-zA-Z]\w*'  # =~ [[:alpha:]][[:alnum:]]*
+_RE_PATTERN_TYPE = (
+    r'(?:const\s+)?(?:typename\s+|class\s+|struct\s+|union\s+|enum\s+)?'
+    r'(?:\w|'
+    r'\s*<(?:<(?:<[^<>]*>|[^<>])*>|[^<>])*>|'
+    r'::)+')
+# A call-by-reference parameter ends with '& identifier'.
+_RE_PATTERN_REF_PARAM = re.compile(
+    r'(' + _RE_PATTERN_TYPE + r'(?:\s*(?:\bconst\b|[*]))*\s*'
+    r'&\s*' + _RE_PATTERN_IDENT + r')\s*(?:=[^,()]+)?[,)]')
+# A call-by-const-reference parameter either ends with 'const& identifier'
+# or looks like 'const type& identifier' when 'type' is atomic.
+_RE_PATTERN_CONST_REF_PARAM = (
+    r'(?:.*\s*\bconst\s*&\s*' + _RE_PATTERN_IDENT +
+    r'|const\s+' + _RE_PATTERN_TYPE + r'\s*&\s*' + _RE_PATTERN_IDENT + r')')
+# Stream types.
+_RE_PATTERN_REF_STREAM_PARAM = (
+    r'(?:.*stream\s*&\s*' + _RE_PATTERN_IDENT + r')')
+
+
+def CheckLanguage(filename, clean_lines, linenum, file_extension,
+                  include_state, nesting_state, error):
+  """Checks rules from the 'C++ language rules' section of cppguide.html.
+
+  Some of these rules are hard to test (function overloading, using
+  uint32 inappropriately), but we do the best we can.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    file_extension: The extension (without the dot) of the filename.
+    include_state: An _IncludeState instance in which the headers are inserted.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  # If the line is empty or consists of entirely a comment, no need to
+  # check it.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if not line:
+    return
+
+  match = _RE_PATTERN_INCLUDE.search(line)
+  if match:
+    CheckIncludeLine(filename, clean_lines, linenum, include_state, error)
+    return
+
+  # Reset include state across preprocessor directives.  This is meant
+  # to silence warnings for conditional includes.
+  match = Match(r'^\s*#\s*(if|ifdef|ifndef|elif|else|endif)\b', line)
+  if match:
+    include_state.ResetSection(match.group(1))
+
+
+  # Perform other checks now that we are sure that this is not an include line
+  CheckCasts(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckGlobalStatic(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+  CheckPrintf(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error)
+
+  if IsHeaderExtension(file_extension):
+    # TODO(unknown): check that 1-arg constructors are explicit.
+    #                How to tell it's a constructor?
+    #                (handled in CheckForNonStandardConstructs for now)
+    # TODO(unknown): check that classes declare or disable copy/assign
+    #                (level 1 error)
+    pass
+
+  # Check if people are using the verboten C basic types.  The only exception
+  # we regularly allow is "unsigned short port" for port.
+  if Search(r'\bshort port\b', line):
+    if not Search(r'\bunsigned short port\b', line):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/int', 4,
+            'Use "unsigned short" for ports, not "short"')
+  else:
+    match = Search(r'\b(short|long(?! +double)|long long)\b', line)
+    if match:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/int', 4,
+            'Use int16/int64/etc, rather than the C type %s' % match.group(1))
+
+  # Check if some verboten operator overloading is going on
+  # TODO(unknown): catch out-of-line unary operator&:
+  #   class X {};
+  #   int operator&(const X& x) { return 42; }  // unary operator&
+  # The trick is it's hard to tell apart from binary operator&:
+  #   class Y { int operator&(const Y& x) { return 23; } }; // binary operator&
+  if Search(r'\boperator\s*&\s*\(\s*\)', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/operator', 4,
+          'Unary operator& is dangerous.  Do not use it.')
+
+  # Check for suspicious usage of "if" like
+  # } if (a == b) {
+  if Search(r'\}\s*if\s*\(', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/braces', 4,
+          'Did you mean "else if"? If not, start a new line for "if".')
+
+  # Check for potential format string bugs like printf(foo).
+  # We constrain the pattern not to pick things like DocidForPrintf(foo).
+  # Not perfect but it can catch printf(foo.c_str()) and printf(foo->c_str())
+  # TODO(unknown): Catch the following case. Need to change the calling
+  # convention of the whole function to process multiple line to handle it.
+  #   printf(
+  #       boy_this_is_a_really_long_variable_that_cannot_fit_on_the_prev_line);
+  printf_args = _GetTextInside(line, r'(?i)\b(string)?printf\s*\(')
+  if printf_args:
+    match = Match(r'([\w.\->()]+)$', printf_args)
+    if match and match.group(1) != '__VA_ARGS__':
+      function_name = re.search(r'\b((?:string)?printf)\s*\(',
+                                line, re.I).group(1)
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf', 4,
+            'Potential format string bug. Do %s("%%s", %s) instead.'
+            % (function_name, match.group(1)))
+
+  # Check for potential memset bugs like memset(buf, sizeof(buf), 0).
+  match = Search(r'memset\s*\(([^,]*),\s*([^,]*),\s*0\s*\)', line)
+  if match and not Match(r"^''|-?[0-9]+|0x[0-9A-Fa-f]$", match.group(2)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/memset', 4,
+          'Did you mean "memset(%s, 0, %s)"?'
+          % (match.group(1), match.group(2)))
+
+  if Search(r'\busing namespace\b', line):
+    if Search(r'\bliterals\b', line):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'build/namespaces_literals', 5,
+            'Do not use namespace using-directives.  '
+            'Use using-declarations instead.')
+    else:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'build/namespaces', 5,
+            'Do not use namespace using-directives.  '
+            'Use using-declarations instead.')
+
+  # Detect variable-length arrays.
+  match = Match(r'\s*(.+::)?(\w+) [a-z]\w*\[(.+)];', line)
+  if (match and match.group(2) != 'return' and match.group(2) != 'delete' and
+      match.group(3).find(']') == -1):
+    # Split the size using space and arithmetic operators as delimiters.
+    # If any of the resulting tokens are not compile time constants then
+    # report the error.
+    tokens = re.split(r'\s|\+|\-|\*|\/|<<|>>]', match.group(3))
+    is_const = True
+    skip_next = False
+    for tok in tokens:
+      if skip_next:
+        skip_next = False
+        continue
+
+      if Search(r'sizeof\(.+\)', tok): continue
+      if Search(r'arraysize\(\w+\)', tok): continue
+
+      tok = tok.lstrip('(')
+      tok = tok.rstrip(')')
+      if not tok: continue
+      if Match(r'\d+', tok): continue
+      if Match(r'0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+', tok): continue
+      if Match(r'k[A-Z0-9]\w*', tok): continue
+      if Match(r'(.+::)?k[A-Z0-9]\w*', tok): continue
+      if Match(r'(.+::)?[A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*', tok): continue
+      # A catch all for tricky sizeof cases, including 'sizeof expression',
+      # 'sizeof(*type)', 'sizeof(const type)', 'sizeof(struct StructName)'
+      # requires skipping the next token because we split on ' ' and '*'.
+      if tok.startswith('sizeof'):
+        skip_next = True
+        continue
+      is_const = False
+      break
+    if not is_const:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/arrays', 1,
+            'Do not use variable-length arrays.  Use an appropriately named '
+            "('k' followed by CamelCase) compile-time constant for the size.")
+
+  # Check for use of unnamed namespaces in header files.  Registration
+  # macros are typically OK, so we allow use of "namespace {" on lines
+  # that end with backslashes.
+  if (IsHeaderExtension(file_extension)
+      and Search(r'\bnamespace\s*{', line)
+      and line[-1] != '\\'):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/namespaces', 4,
+          'Do not use unnamed namespaces in header files.  See '
+          'https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml#Namespaces'
+          ' for more information.')
+
+
+def CheckGlobalStatic(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check for unsafe global or static objects.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Match two lines at a time to support multiline declarations
+  if linenum + 1 < clean_lines.NumLines() and not Search(r'[;({]', line):
+    line += clean_lines.elided[linenum + 1].strip()
+
+  # Check for people declaring static/global STL strings at the top level.
+  # This is dangerous because the C++ language does not guarantee that
+  # globals with constructors are initialized before the first access, and
+  # also because globals can be destroyed when some threads are still running.
+  # TODO(unknown): Generalize this to also find static unique_ptr instances.
+  # TODO(unknown): File bugs for clang-tidy to find these.
+  match = Match(
+      r'((?:|static +)(?:|const +))(?::*std::)?string( +const)? +'
+      r'([a-zA-Z0-9_:]+)\b(.*)',
+      line)
+
+  # Remove false positives:
+  # - String pointers (as opposed to values).
+  #    string *pointer
+  #    const string *pointer
+  #    string const *pointer
+  #    string *const pointer
+  #
+  # - Functions and template specializations.
+  #    string Function<Type>(...
+  #    string Class<Type>::Method(...
+  #
+  # - Operators.  These are matched separately because operator names
+  #   cross non-word boundaries, and trying to match both operators
+  #   and functions at the same time would decrease accuracy of
+  #   matching identifiers.
+  #    string Class::operator*()
+  if (match and
+      not Search(r'\bstring\b(\s+const)?\s*[\*\&]\s*(const\s+)?\w', line) and
+      not Search(r'\boperator\W', line) and
+      not Match(r'\s*(<.*>)?(::[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)*\s*\(([^"]|$)', match.group(4))):
+    if Search(r'\bconst\b', line):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/string', 4,
+            'For a static/global string constant, use a C style string '
+            'instead: "%schar%s %s[]".' %
+            (match.group(1), match.group(2) or '', match.group(3)))
+    else:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/string', 4,
+            'Static/global string variables are not permitted.')
+
+  if (Search(r'\b([A-Za-z0-9_]*_)\(\1\)', line) or
+      Search(r'\b([A-Za-z0-9_]*_)\(CHECK_NOTNULL\(\1\)\)', line)):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/init', 4,
+          'You seem to be initializing a member variable with itself.')
+
+
+def CheckPrintf(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check for printf related issues.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # When snprintf is used, the second argument shouldn't be a literal.
+  match = Search(r'snprintf\s*\(([^,]*),\s*([0-9]*)\s*,', line)
+  if match and match.group(2) != '0':
+    # If 2nd arg is zero, snprintf is used to calculate size.
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf', 3,
+          'If you can, use sizeof(%s) instead of %s as the 2nd arg '
+          'to snprintf.' % (match.group(1), match.group(2)))
+
+  # Check if some verboten C functions are being used.
+  if Search(r'\bsprintf\s*\(', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf', 5,
+          'Never use sprintf. Use snprintf instead.')
+  match = Search(r'\b(strcpy|strcat)\s*\(', line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/printf', 4,
+          'Almost always, snprintf is better than %s' % match.group(1))
+
+
+def IsDerivedFunction(clean_lines, linenum):
+  """Check if current line contains an inherited function.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+  Returns:
+    True if current line contains a function with "override"
+    virt-specifier.
+  """
+  # Scan back a few lines for start of current function
+  for i in xrange(linenum, max(-1, linenum - 10), -1):
+    match = Match(r'^([^()]*\w+)\(', clean_lines.elided[i])
+    if match:
+      # Look for "override" after the matching closing parenthesis
+      line, _, closing_paren = CloseExpression(
+          clean_lines, i, len(match.group(1)))
+      return (closing_paren >= 0 and
+              Search(r'\boverride\b', line[closing_paren:]))
+  return False
+
+
+def IsOutOfLineMethodDefinition(clean_lines, linenum):
+  """Check if current line contains an out-of-line method definition.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+  Returns:
+    True if current line contains an out-of-line method definition.
+  """
+  # Scan back a few lines for start of current function
+  for i in xrange(linenum, max(-1, linenum - 10), -1):
+    if Match(r'^([^()]*\w+)\(', clean_lines.elided[i]):
+      return Match(r'^[^()]*\w+::\w+\(', clean_lines.elided[i]) is not None
+  return False
+
+
+def IsInitializerList(clean_lines, linenum):
+  """Check if current line is inside constructor initializer list.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+  Returns:
+    True if current line appears to be inside constructor initializer
+    list, False otherwise.
+  """
+  for i in xrange(linenum, 1, -1):
+    line = clean_lines.elided[i]
+    if i == linenum:
+      remove_function_body = Match(r'^(.*)\{\s*$', line)
+      if remove_function_body:
+        line = remove_function_body.group(1)
+
+    if Search(r'\s:\s*\w+[({]', line):
+      # A lone colon tend to indicate the start of a constructor
+      # initializer list.  It could also be a ternary operator, which
+      # also tend to appear in constructor initializer lists as
+      # opposed to parameter lists.
+      return True
+    if Search(r'\}\s*,\s*$', line):
+      # A closing brace followed by a comma is probably the end of a
+      # brace-initialized member in constructor initializer list.
+      return True
+    if Search(r'[{};]\s*$', line):
+      # Found one of the following:
+      # - A closing brace or semicolon, probably the end of the previous
+      #   function.
+      # - An opening brace, probably the start of current class or namespace.
+      #
+      # Current line is probably not inside an initializer list since
+      # we saw one of those things without seeing the starting colon.
+      return False
+
+  # Got to the beginning of the file without seeing the start of
+  # constructor initializer list.
+  return False
+
+
+def CheckForNonConstReference(filename, clean_lines, linenum,
+                              nesting_state, error):
+  """Check for non-const references.
+
+  Separate from CheckLanguage since it scans backwards from current
+  line, instead of scanning forward.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  # Do nothing if there is no '&' on current line.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  if '&' not in line:
+    return
+
+  # If a function is inherited, current function doesn't have much of
+  # a choice, so any non-const references should not be blamed on
+  # derived function.
+  if IsDerivedFunction(clean_lines, linenum):
+    return
+
+  # Don't warn on out-of-line method definitions, as we would warn on the
+  # in-line declaration, if it isn't marked with 'override'.
+  if IsOutOfLineMethodDefinition(clean_lines, linenum):
+    return
+
+  # Long type names may be broken across multiple lines, usually in one
+  # of these forms:
+  #   LongType
+  #       ::LongTypeContinued &identifier
+  #   LongType::
+  #       LongTypeContinued &identifier
+  #   LongType<
+  #       ...>::LongTypeContinued &identifier
+  #
+  # If we detected a type split across two lines, join the previous
+  # line to current line so that we can match const references
+  # accordingly.
+  #
+  # Note that this only scans back one line, since scanning back
+  # arbitrary number of lines would be expensive.  If you have a type
+  # that spans more than 2 lines, please use a typedef.
+  if linenum > 1:
+    previous = None
+    if Match(r'\s*::(?:[\w<>]|::)+\s*&\s*\S', line):
+      # previous_line\n + ::current_line
+      previous = Search(r'\b((?:const\s*)?(?:[\w<>]|::)+[\w<>])\s*$',
+                        clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1])
+    elif Match(r'\s*[a-zA-Z_]([\w<>]|::)+\s*&\s*\S', line):
+      # previous_line::\n + current_line
+      previous = Search(r'\b((?:const\s*)?(?:[\w<>]|::)+::)\s*$',
+                        clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1])
+    if previous:
+      line = previous.group(1) + line.lstrip()
+    else:
+      # Check for templated parameter that is split across multiple lines
+      endpos = line.rfind('>')
+      if endpos > -1:
+        (_, startline, startpos) = ReverseCloseExpression(
+            clean_lines, linenum, endpos)
+        if startpos > -1 and startline < linenum:
+          # Found the matching < on an earlier line, collect all
+          # pieces up to current line.
+          line = ''
+          for i in xrange(startline, linenum + 1):
+            line += clean_lines.elided[i].strip()
+
+  # Check for non-const references in function parameters.  A single '&' may
+  # found in the following places:
+  #   inside expression: binary & for bitwise AND
+  #   inside expression: unary & for taking the address of something
+  #   inside declarators: reference parameter
+  # We will exclude the first two cases by checking that we are not inside a
+  # function body, including one that was just introduced by a trailing '{'.
+  # TODO(unknown): Doesn't account for 'catch(Exception& e)' [rare].
+  if (nesting_state.previous_stack_top and
+      not (isinstance(nesting_state.previous_stack_top, _ClassInfo) or
+           isinstance(nesting_state.previous_stack_top, _NamespaceInfo))):
+    # Not at toplevel, not within a class, and not within a namespace
+    return
+
+  # Avoid initializer lists.  We only need to scan back from the
+  # current line for something that starts with ':'.
+  #
+  # We don't need to check the current line, since the '&' would
+  # appear inside the second set of parentheses on the current line as
+  # opposed to the first set.
+  if linenum > 0:
+    for i in xrange(linenum - 1, max(0, linenum - 10), -1):
+      previous_line = clean_lines.elided[i]
+      if not Search(r'[),]\s*$', previous_line):
+        break
+      if Match(r'^\s*:\s+\S', previous_line):
+        return
+
+  # Avoid preprocessors
+  if Search(r'\\\s*$', line):
+    return
+
+  # Avoid constructor initializer lists
+  if IsInitializerList(clean_lines, linenum):
+    return
+
+  # We allow non-const references in a few standard places, like functions
+  # called "swap()" or iostream operators like "<<" or ">>".  Do not check
+  # those function parameters.
+  #
+  # We also accept & in static_assert, which looks like a function but
+  # it's actually a declaration expression.
+  whitelisted_functions = (r'(?:[sS]wap(?:<\w:+>)?|'
+                           r'operator\s*[<>][<>]|'
+                           r'static_assert|COMPILE_ASSERT'
+                           r')\s*\(')
+  if Search(whitelisted_functions, line):
+    return
+  elif not Search(r'\S+\([^)]*$', line):
+    # Don't see a whitelisted function on this line.  Actually we
+    # didn't see any function name on this line, so this is likely a
+    # multi-line parameter list.  Try a bit harder to catch this case.
+    for i in xrange(2):
+      if (linenum > i and
+          Search(whitelisted_functions, clean_lines.elided[linenum - i - 1])):
+        return
+
+  decls = ReplaceAll(r'{[^}]*}', ' ', line)  # exclude function body
+  for parameter in re.findall(_RE_PATTERN_REF_PARAM, decls):
+    if (not Match(_RE_PATTERN_CONST_REF_PARAM, parameter) and
+        not Match(_RE_PATTERN_REF_STREAM_PARAM, parameter)):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/references', 2,
+            'Is this a non-const reference? '
+            'If so, make const or use a pointer: ' +
+            ReplaceAll(' *<', '<', parameter))
+
+
+def CheckCasts(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Various cast related checks.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  # Check to see if they're using an conversion function cast.
+  # I just try to capture the most common basic types, though there are more.
+  # Parameterless conversion functions, such as bool(), are allowed as they are
+  # probably a member operator declaration or default constructor.
+  match = Search(
+      r'(\bnew\s+(?:const\s+)?|\S<\s*(?:const\s+)?)?\b'
+      r'(int|float|double|bool|char|int32|uint32|int64|uint64)'
+      r'(\([^)].*)', line)
+  expecting_function = ExpectingFunctionArgs(clean_lines, linenum)
+  if match and not expecting_function:
+    matched_type = match.group(2)
+
+    # matched_new_or_template is used to silence two false positives:
+    # - New operators
+    # - Template arguments with function types
+    #
+    # For template arguments, we match on types immediately following
+    # an opening bracket without any spaces.  This is a fast way to
+    # silence the common case where the function type is the first
+    # template argument.  False negative with less-than comparison is
+    # avoided because those operators are usually followed by a space.
+    #
+    #   function<double(double)>   // bracket + no space = false positive
+    #   value < double(42)         // bracket + space = true positive
+    matched_new_or_template = match.group(1)
+
+    # Avoid arrays by looking for brackets that come after the closing
+    # parenthesis.
+    if Match(r'\([^()]+\)\s*\[', match.group(3)):
+      return
+
+    # Other things to ignore:
+    # - Function pointers
+    # - Casts to pointer types
+    # - Placement new
+    # - Alias declarations
+    matched_funcptr = match.group(3)
+    if (matched_new_or_template is None and
+        not (matched_funcptr and
+             (Match(r'\((?:[^() ]+::\s*\*\s*)?[^() ]+\)\s*\(',
+                    matched_funcptr) or
+              matched_funcptr.startswith('(*)'))) and
+        not Match(r'\s*using\s+\S+\s*=\s*' + matched_type, line) and
+        not Search(r'new\(\S+\)\s*' + matched_type, line)):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/casting', 4,
+            'Using deprecated casting style.  '
+            'Use static_cast<%s>(...) instead' %
+            matched_type)
+
+  if not expecting_function:
+    CheckCStyleCast(filename, clean_lines, linenum, 'static_cast',
+                    r'\((int|float|double|bool|char|u?int(16|32|64))\)', error)
+
+  # This doesn't catch all cases. Consider (const char * const)"hello".
+  #
+  # (char *) "foo" should always be a const_cast (reinterpret_cast won't
+  # compile).
+  if CheckCStyleCast(filename, clean_lines, linenum, 'const_cast',
+                     r'\((char\s?\*+\s?)\)\s*"', error):
+    pass
+  else:
+    # Check pointer casts for other than string constants
+    CheckCStyleCast(filename, clean_lines, linenum, 'reinterpret_cast',
+                    r'\((\w+\s?\*+\s?)\)', error)
+
+  # In addition, we look for people taking the address of a cast.  This
+  # is dangerous -- casts can assign to temporaries, so the pointer doesn't
+  # point where you think.
+  #
+  # Some non-identifier character is required before the '&' for the
+  # expression to be recognized as a cast.  These are casts:
+  #   expression = &static_cast<int*>(temporary());
+  #   function(&(int*)(temporary()));
+  #
+  # This is not a cast:
+  #   reference_type&(int* function_param);
+  match = Search(
+      r'(?:[^\w]&\(([^)*][^)]*)\)[\w(])|'
+      r'(?:[^\w]&(static|dynamic|down|reinterpret)_cast\b)', line)
+  if match:
+    # Try a better error message when the & is bound to something
+    # dereferenced by the casted pointer, as opposed to the casted
+    # pointer itself.
+    parenthesis_error = False
+    match = Match(r'^(.*&(?:static|dynamic|down|reinterpret)_cast\b)<', line)
+    if match:
+      _, y1, x1 = CloseExpression(clean_lines, linenum, len(match.group(1)))
+      if x1 >= 0 and clean_lines.elided[y1][x1] == '(':
+        _, y2, x2 = CloseExpression(clean_lines, y1, x1)
+        if x2 >= 0:
+          extended_line = clean_lines.elided[y2][x2:]
+          if y2 < clean_lines.NumLines() - 1:
+            extended_line += clean_lines.elided[y2 + 1]
+          if Match(r'\s*(?:->|\[)', extended_line):
+            parenthesis_error = True
+
+    if parenthesis_error:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/casting', 4,
+            ('Are you taking an address of something dereferenced '
+             'from a cast?  Wrapping the dereferenced expression in '
+             'parentheses will make the binding more obvious'))
+    else:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/casting', 4,
+            ('Are you taking an address of a cast?  '
+             'This is dangerous: could be a temp var.  '
+             'Take the address before doing the cast, rather than after'))
+
+
+def CheckCStyleCast(filename, clean_lines, linenum, cast_type, pattern, error):
+  """Checks for a C-style cast by looking for the pattern.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    cast_type: The string for the C++ cast to recommend.  This is either
+      reinterpret_cast, static_cast, or const_cast, depending.
+    pattern: The regular expression used to find C-style casts.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if an error was emitted.
+    False otherwise.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  match = Search(pattern, line)
+  if not match:
+    return False
+
+  # Exclude lines with keywords that tend to look like casts
+  context = line[0:match.start(1) - 1]
+  if Match(r'.*\b(?:sizeof|alignof|alignas|[_A-Z][_A-Z0-9]*)\s*$', context):
+    return False
+
+  # Try expanding current context to see if we one level of
+  # parentheses inside a macro.
+  if linenum > 0:
+    for i in xrange(linenum - 1, max(0, linenum - 5), -1):
+      context = clean_lines.elided[i] + context
+  if Match(r'.*\b[_A-Z][_A-Z0-9]*\s*\((?:\([^()]*\)|[^()])*$', context):
+    return False
+
+  # operator++(int) and operator--(int)
+  if context.endswith(' operator++') or context.endswith(' operator--'):
+    return False
+
+  # A single unnamed argument for a function tends to look like old style cast.
+  # If we see those, don't issue warnings for deprecated casts.
+  remainder = line[match.end(0):]
+  if Match(r'^\s*(?:;|const\b|throw\b|final\b|override\b|[=>{),]|->)',
+           remainder):
+    return False
+
+  # At this point, all that should be left is actual casts.
+  error(filename, linenum, 'readability/casting', 4,
+        'Using C-style cast.  Use %s<%s>(...) instead' %
+        (cast_type, match.group(1)))
+
+  return True
+
+
+def ExpectingFunctionArgs(clean_lines, linenum):
+  """Checks whether where function type arguments are expected.
+
+  Args:
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if the line at 'linenum' is inside something that expects arguments
+    of function types.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  return (Match(r'^\s*MOCK_(CONST_)?METHOD\d+(_T)?\(', line) or
+          (linenum >= 2 and
+           (Match(r'^\s*MOCK_(?:CONST_)?METHOD\d+(?:_T)?\((?:\S+,)?\s*$',
+                  clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1]) or
+            Match(r'^\s*MOCK_(?:CONST_)?METHOD\d+(?:_T)?\(\s*$',
+                  clean_lines.elided[linenum - 2]) or
+            Search(r'\bstd::m?function\s*\<\s*$',
+                   clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1]))))
+
+
+_HEADERS_CONTAINING_TEMPLATES = (
+    ('<deque>', ('deque',)),
+    ('<functional>', ('unary_function', 'binary_function',
+                      'plus', 'minus', 'multiplies', 'divides', 'modulus',
+                      'negate',
+                      'equal_to', 'not_equal_to', 'greater', 'less',
+                      'greater_equal', 'less_equal',
+                      'logical_and', 'logical_or', 'logical_not',
+                      'unary_negate', 'not1', 'binary_negate', 'not2',
+                      'bind1st', 'bind2nd',
+                      'pointer_to_unary_function',
+                      'pointer_to_binary_function',
+                      'ptr_fun',
+                      'mem_fun_t', 'mem_fun', 'mem_fun1_t', 'mem_fun1_ref_t',
+                      'mem_fun_ref_t',
+                      'const_mem_fun_t', 'const_mem_fun1_t',
+                      'const_mem_fun_ref_t', 'const_mem_fun1_ref_t',
+                      'mem_fun_ref',
+                     )),
+    ('<limits>', ('numeric_limits',)),
+    ('<list>', ('list',)),
+    ('<map>', ('map', 'multimap',)),
+    ('<memory>', ('allocator', 'make_shared', 'make_unique', 'shared_ptr',
+                  'unique_ptr', 'weak_ptr')),
+    ('<queue>', ('queue', 'priority_queue',)),
+    ('<set>', ('set', 'multiset',)),
+    ('<stack>', ('stack',)),
+    ('<string>', ('char_traits', 'basic_string',)),
+    ('<tuple>', ('tuple',)),
+    ('<unordered_map>', ('unordered_map', 'unordered_multimap')),
+    ('<unordered_set>', ('unordered_set', 'unordered_multiset')),
+    ('<utility>', ('pair',)),
+    ('<vector>', ('vector',)),
+
+    # gcc extensions.
+    # Note: std::hash is their hash, ::hash is our hash
+    ('<hash_map>', ('hash_map', 'hash_multimap',)),
+    ('<hash_set>', ('hash_set', 'hash_multiset',)),
+    ('<slist>', ('slist',)),
+    )
+
+_HEADERS_MAYBE_TEMPLATES = (
+    ('<algorithm>', ('copy', 'max', 'min', 'min_element', 'sort',
+                     'transform',
+                    )),
+    ('<utility>', ('forward', 'make_pair', 'move', 'swap')),
+    )
+
+_RE_PATTERN_STRING = re.compile(r'\bstring\b')
+
+_re_pattern_headers_maybe_templates = []
+for _header, _templates in _HEADERS_MAYBE_TEMPLATES:
+  for _template in _templates:
+    # Match max<type>(..., ...), max(..., ...), but not foo->max, foo.max or
+    # 'type::max()'.
+    _re_pattern_headers_maybe_templates.append(
+        (re.compile(r'[^>.]\b' + _template + r'(<.*?>)?\([^\)]'),
+            _template,
+            _header))
+
+# Other scripts may reach in and modify this pattern.
+_re_pattern_templates = []
+for _header, _templates in _HEADERS_CONTAINING_TEMPLATES:
+  for _template in _templates:
+    _re_pattern_templates.append(
+        (re.compile(r'(\<|\b)' + _template + r'\s*\<'),
+         _template + '<>',
+         _header))
+
+
+def FilesBelongToSameModule(filename_cc, filename_h):
+  """Check if these two filenames belong to the same module.
+
+  The concept of a 'module' here is a as follows:
+  foo.h, foo-inl.h, foo.cc, foo_test.cc and foo_unittest.cc belong to the
+  same 'module' if they are in the same directory.
+  some/path/public/xyzzy and some/path/internal/xyzzy are also considered
+  to belong to the same module here.
+
+  If the filename_cc contains a longer path than the filename_h, for example,
+  '/absolute/path/to/base/sysinfo.cc', and this file would include
+  'base/sysinfo.h', this function also produces the prefix needed to open the
+  header. This is used by the caller of this function to more robustly open the
+  header file. We don't have access to the real include paths in this context,
+  so we need this guesswork here.
+
+  Known bugs: tools/base/bar.cc and base/bar.h belong to the same module
+  according to this implementation. Because of this, this function gives
+  some false positives. This should be sufficiently rare in practice.
+
+  Args:
+    filename_cc: is the path for the source (e.g. .cc) file
+    filename_h: is the path for the header path
+
+  Returns:
+    Tuple with a bool and a string:
+    bool: True if filename_cc and filename_h belong to the same module.
+    string: the additional prefix needed to open the header file.
+  """
+  fileinfo_cc = FileInfo(filename_cc)
+  if not fileinfo_cc.Extension().lstrip('.') in GetNonHeaderExtensions():
+    return (False, '')
+
+  fileinfo_h = FileInfo(filename_h)
+  if not IsHeaderExtension(fileinfo_h.Extension().lstrip('.')):
+    return (False, '')
+
+  filename_cc = filename_cc[:-(len(fileinfo_cc.Extension()))]
+  matched_test_suffix = Search(_TEST_FILE_SUFFIX, fileinfo_cc.BaseName())
+  if matched_test_suffix:
+    filename_cc = filename_cc[:-len(matched_test_suffix.group(1))]
+
+  filename_cc = filename_cc.replace('/public/', '/')
+  filename_cc = filename_cc.replace('/internal/', '/')
+
+  filename_h = filename_h[:-(len(fileinfo_h.Extension()))]
+  if filename_h.endswith('-inl'):
+    filename_h = filename_h[:-len('-inl')]
+  filename_h = filename_h.replace('/public/', '/')
+  filename_h = filename_h.replace('/internal/', '/')
+
+  files_belong_to_same_module = filename_cc.endswith(filename_h)
+  common_path = ''
+  if files_belong_to_same_module:
+    common_path = filename_cc[:-len(filename_h)]
+  return files_belong_to_same_module, common_path
+
+
+def UpdateIncludeState(filename, include_dict, io=codecs):
+  """Fill up the include_dict with new includes found from the file.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: the name of the header to read.
+    include_dict: a dictionary in which the headers are inserted.
+    io: The io factory to use to read the file. Provided for testability.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if a header was successfully added. False otherwise.
+  """
+  headerfile = None
+  try:
+    headerfile = io.open(filename, 'r', 'utf8', 'replace')
+  except IOError:
+    return False
+  linenum = 0
+  for line in headerfile:
+    linenum += 1
+    clean_line = CleanseComments(line)
+    match = _RE_PATTERN_INCLUDE.search(clean_line)
+    if match:
+      include = match.group(2)
+      include_dict.setdefault(include, linenum)
+  return True
+
+
+def CheckForIncludeWhatYouUse(filename, clean_lines, include_state, error,
+                              io=codecs):
+  """Reports for missing stl includes.
+
+  This function will output warnings to make sure you are including the headers
+  necessary for the stl containers and functions that you use. We only give one
+  reason to include a header. For example, if you use both equal_to<> and
+  less<> in a .h file, only one (the latter in the file) of these will be
+  reported as a reason to include the <functional>.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    include_state: An _IncludeState instance.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+    io: The IO factory to use to read the header file. Provided for unittest
+        injection.
+  """
+  required = {}  # A map of header name to linenumber and the template entity.
+                 # Example of required: { '<functional>': (1219, 'less<>') }
+
+  for linenum in xrange(clean_lines.NumLines()):
+    line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+    if not line or line[0] == '#':
+      continue
+
+    # String is special -- it is a non-templatized type in STL.
+    matched = _RE_PATTERN_STRING.search(line)
+    if matched:
+      # Don't warn about strings in non-STL namespaces:
+      # (We check only the first match per line; good enough.)
+      prefix = line[:matched.start()]
+      if prefix.endswith('std::') or not prefix.endswith('::'):
+        required['<string>'] = (linenum, 'string')
+
+    for pattern, template, header in _re_pattern_headers_maybe_templates:
+      if pattern.search(line):
+        required[header] = (linenum, template)
+
+    # The following function is just a speed up, no semantics are changed.
+    if not '<' in line:  # Reduces the cpu time usage by skipping lines.
+      continue
+
+    for pattern, template, header in _re_pattern_templates:
+      matched = pattern.search(line)
+      if matched:
+        # Don't warn about IWYU in non-STL namespaces:
+        # (We check only the first match per line; good enough.)
+        prefix = line[:matched.start()]
+        if prefix.endswith('std::') or not prefix.endswith('::'):
+          required[header] = (linenum, template)
+
+  # The policy is that if you #include something in foo.h you don't need to
+  # include it again in foo.cc. Here, we will look at possible includes.
+  # Let's flatten the include_state include_list and copy it into a dictionary.
+  include_dict = dict([item for sublist in include_state.include_list
+                       for item in sublist])
+
+  # Did we find the header for this file (if any) and successfully load it?
+  header_found = False
+
+  # Use the absolute path so that matching works properly.
+  abs_filename = FileInfo(filename).FullName()
+
+  # For Emacs's flymake.
+  # If cpplint is invoked from Emacs's flymake, a temporary file is generated
+  # by flymake and that file name might end with '_flymake.cc'. In that case,
+  # restore original file name here so that the corresponding header file can be
+  # found.
+  # e.g. If the file name is 'foo_flymake.cc', we should search for 'foo.h'
+  # instead of 'foo_flymake.h'
+  abs_filename = re.sub(r'_flymake\.cc$', '.cc', abs_filename)
+
+  # include_dict is modified during iteration, so we iterate over a copy of
+  # the keys.
+  header_keys = list(include_dict.keys())
+  for header in header_keys:
+    (same_module, common_path) = FilesBelongToSameModule(abs_filename, header)
+    fullpath = common_path + header
+    if same_module and UpdateIncludeState(fullpath, include_dict, io):
+      header_found = True
+
+  # If we can't find the header file for a .cc, assume it's because we don't
+  # know where to look. In that case we'll give up as we're not sure they
+  # didn't include it in the .h file.
+  # TODO(unknown): Do a better job of finding .h files so we are confident that
+  # not having the .h file means there isn't one.
+  if not header_found:
+    for extension in GetNonHeaderExtensions():
+      if filename.endswith('.' + extension):
+        return
+
+  # All the lines have been processed, report the errors found.
+  for required_header_unstripped in sorted(required, key=required.__getitem__):
+    template = required[required_header_unstripped][1]
+    if required_header_unstripped.strip('<>"') not in include_dict:
+      error(filename, required[required_header_unstripped][0],
+            'build/include_what_you_use', 4,
+            'Add #include ' + required_header_unstripped + ' for ' + template)
+
+
+_RE_PATTERN_EXPLICIT_MAKEPAIR = re.compile(r'\bmake_pair\s*<')
+
+
+def CheckMakePairUsesDeduction(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check that make_pair's template arguments are deduced.
+
+  G++ 4.6 in C++11 mode fails badly if make_pair's template arguments are
+  specified explicitly, and such use isn't intended in any case.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  match = _RE_PATTERN_EXPLICIT_MAKEPAIR.search(line)
+  if match:
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/explicit_make_pair',
+          4,  # 4 = high confidence
+          'For C++11-compatibility, omit template arguments from make_pair'
+          ' OR use pair directly OR if appropriate, construct a pair directly')
+
+
+def CheckRedundantVirtual(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check if line contains a redundant "virtual" function-specifier.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  # Look for "virtual" on current line.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  virtual = Match(r'^(.*)(\bvirtual\b)(.*)$', line)
+  if not virtual: return
+
+  # Ignore "virtual" keywords that are near access-specifiers.  These
+  # are only used in class base-specifier and do not apply to member
+  # functions.
+  if (Search(r'\b(public|protected|private)\s+$', virtual.group(1)) or
+      Match(r'^\s+(public|protected|private)\b', virtual.group(3))):
+    return
+
+  # Ignore the "virtual" keyword from virtual base classes.  Usually
+  # there is a column on the same line in these cases (virtual base
+  # classes are rare in google3 because multiple inheritance is rare).
+  if Match(r'^.*[^:]:[^:].*$', line): return
+
+  # Look for the next opening parenthesis.  This is the start of the
+  # parameter list (possibly on the next line shortly after virtual).
+  # TODO(unknown): doesn't work if there are virtual functions with
+  # decltype() or other things that use parentheses, but csearch suggests
+  # that this is rare.
+  end_col = -1
+  end_line = -1
+  start_col = len(virtual.group(2))
+  for start_line in xrange(linenum, min(linenum + 3, clean_lines.NumLines())):
+    line = clean_lines.elided[start_line][start_col:]
+    parameter_list = Match(r'^([^(]*)\(', line)
+    if parameter_list:
+      # Match parentheses to find the end of the parameter list
+      (_, end_line, end_col) = CloseExpression(
+          clean_lines, start_line, start_col + len(parameter_list.group(1)))
+      break
+    start_col = 0
+
+  if end_col < 0:
+    return  # Couldn't find end of parameter list, give up
+
+  # Look for "override" or "final" after the parameter list
+  # (possibly on the next few lines).
+  for i in xrange(end_line, min(end_line + 3, clean_lines.NumLines())):
+    line = clean_lines.elided[i][end_col:]
+    match = Search(r'\b(override|final)\b', line)
+    if match:
+      error(filename, linenum, 'readability/inheritance', 4,
+            ('"virtual" is redundant since function is '
+             'already declared as "%s"' % match.group(1)))
+
+    # Set end_col to check whole lines after we are done with the
+    # first line.
+    end_col = 0
+    if Search(r'[^\w]\s*$', line):
+      break
+
+
+def CheckRedundantOverrideOrFinal(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Check if line contains a redundant "override" or "final" virt-specifier.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  # Look for closing parenthesis nearby.  We need one to confirm where
+  # the declarator ends and where the virt-specifier starts to avoid
+  # false positives.
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+  declarator_end = line.rfind(')')
+  if declarator_end >= 0:
+    fragment = line[declarator_end:]
+  else:
+    if linenum > 1 and clean_lines.elided[linenum - 1].rfind(')') >= 0:
+      fragment = line
+    else:
+      return
+
+  # Check that at most one of "override" or "final" is present, not both
+  if Search(r'\boverride\b', fragment) and Search(r'\bfinal\b', fragment):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'readability/inheritance', 4,
+          ('"override" is redundant since function is '
+           'already declared as "final"'))
+
+
+
+
+# Returns true if we are at a new block, and it is directly
+# inside of a namespace.
+def IsBlockInNameSpace(nesting_state, is_forward_declaration):
+  """Checks that the new block is directly in a namespace.
+
+  Args:
+    nesting_state: The _NestingState object that contains info about our state.
+    is_forward_declaration: If the class is a forward declared class.
+  Returns:
+    Whether or not the new block is directly in a namespace.
+  """
+  if is_forward_declaration:
+    return len(nesting_state.stack) >= 1 and (
+      isinstance(nesting_state.stack[-1], _NamespaceInfo))
+
+
+  return (len(nesting_state.stack) > 1 and
+          nesting_state.stack[-1].check_namespace_indentation and
+          isinstance(nesting_state.stack[-2], _NamespaceInfo))
+
+
+def ShouldCheckNamespaceIndentation(nesting_state, is_namespace_indent_item,
+                                    raw_lines_no_comments, linenum):
+  """This method determines if we should apply our namespace indentation check.
+
+  Args:
+    nesting_state: The current nesting state.
+    is_namespace_indent_item: If we just put a new class on the stack, True.
+      If the top of the stack is not a class, or we did not recently
+      add the class, False.
+    raw_lines_no_comments: The lines without the comments.
+    linenum: The current line number we are processing.
+
+  Returns:
+    True if we should apply our namespace indentation check. Currently, it
+    only works for classes and namespaces inside of a namespace.
+  """
+
+  is_forward_declaration = IsForwardClassDeclaration(raw_lines_no_comments,
+                                                     linenum)
+
+  if not (is_namespace_indent_item or is_forward_declaration):
+    return False
+
+  # If we are in a macro, we do not want to check the namespace indentation.
+  if IsMacroDefinition(raw_lines_no_comments, linenum):
+    return False
+
+  return IsBlockInNameSpace(nesting_state, is_forward_declaration)
+
+
+# Call this method if the line is directly inside of a namespace.
+# If the line above is blank (excluding comments) or the start of
+# an inner namespace, it cannot be indented.
+def CheckItemIndentationInNamespace(filename, raw_lines_no_comments, linenum,
+                                    error):
+  line = raw_lines_no_comments[linenum]
+  if Match(r'^\s+', line):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'runtime/indentation_namespace', 4,
+          'Do not indent within a namespace')
+
+
+def ProcessLine(filename, file_extension, clean_lines, line,
+                include_state, function_state, nesting_state, error,
+                extra_check_functions=None):
+  """Processes a single line in the file.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: Filename of the file that is being processed.
+    file_extension: The extension (dot not included) of the file.
+    clean_lines: An array of strings, each representing a line of the file,
+                 with comments stripped.
+    line: Number of line being processed.
+    include_state: An _IncludeState instance in which the headers are inserted.
+    function_state: A _FunctionState instance which counts function lines, etc.
+    nesting_state: A NestingState instance which maintains information about
+                   the current stack of nested blocks being parsed.
+    error: A callable to which errors are reported, which takes 4 arguments:
+           filename, line number, error level, and message
+    extra_check_functions: An array of additional check functions that will be
+                           run on each source line. Each function takes 4
+                           arguments: filename, clean_lines, line, error
+  """
+  raw_lines = clean_lines.raw_lines
+  ParseNolintSuppressions(filename, raw_lines[line], line, error)
+  nesting_state.Update(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckForNamespaceIndentation(filename, nesting_state, clean_lines, line,
+                               error)
+  if nesting_state.InAsmBlock(): return
+  CheckForFunctionLengths(filename, clean_lines, line, function_state, error)
+  CheckForMultilineCommentsAndStrings(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckStyle(filename, clean_lines, line, file_extension, nesting_state, error)
+  CheckLanguage(filename, clean_lines, line, file_extension, include_state,
+                nesting_state, error)
+  CheckForNonConstReference(filename, clean_lines, line, nesting_state, error)
+  CheckForNonStandardConstructs(filename, clean_lines, line,
+                                nesting_state, error)
+  CheckVlogArguments(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckPosixThreading(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckInvalidIncrement(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckMakePairUsesDeduction(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckRedundantVirtual(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  CheckRedundantOverrideOrFinal(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  if extra_check_functions:
+    for check_fn in extra_check_functions:
+      check_fn(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+
+def FlagCxx11Features(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Flag those c++11 features that we only allow in certain places.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  include = Match(r'\s*#\s*include\s+[<"]([^<"]+)[">]', line)
+
+  # Flag unapproved C++ TR1 headers.
+  if include and include.group(1).startswith('tr1/'):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/c++tr1', 5,
+          ('C++ TR1 headers such as <%s> are unapproved.') % include.group(1))
+
+  # Flag unapproved C++11 headers.
+  if include and include.group(1) in ('cfenv',
+                                      'condition_variable',
+                                      'fenv.h',
+                                      'future',
+                                      'mutex',
+                                      'thread',
+                                      'chrono',
+                                      'ratio',
+                                      'regex',
+                                      'system_error',
+                                     ):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/c++11', 5,
+          ('<%s> is an unapproved C++11 header.') % include.group(1))
+
+  # The only place where we need to worry about C++11 keywords and library
+  # features in preprocessor directives is in macro definitions.
+  if Match(r'\s*#', line) and not Match(r'\s*#\s*define\b', line): return
+
+  # These are classes and free functions.  The classes are always
+  # mentioned as std::*, but we only catch the free functions if
+  # they're not found by ADL.  They're alphabetical by header.
+  for top_name in (
+      # type_traits
+      'alignment_of',
+      'aligned_union',
+      ):
+    if Search(r'\bstd::%s\b' % top_name, line):
+      error(filename, linenum, 'build/c++11', 5,
+            ('std::%s is an unapproved C++11 class or function.  Send c-style '
+             'an example of where it would make your code more readable, and '
+             'they may let you use it.') % top_name)
+
+
+def FlagCxx14Features(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
+  """Flag those C++14 features that we restrict.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the current file.
+    clean_lines: A CleansedLines instance containing the file.
+    linenum: The number of the line to check.
+    error: The function to call with any errors found.
+  """
+  line = clean_lines.elided[linenum]
+
+  include = Match(r'\s*#\s*include\s+[<"]([^<"]+)[">]', line)
+
+  # Flag unapproved C++14 headers.
+  if include and include.group(1) in ('scoped_allocator', 'shared_mutex'):
+    error(filename, linenum, 'build/c++14', 5,
+          ('<%s> is an unapproved C++14 header.') % include.group(1))
+
+
+def ProcessFileData(filename, file_extension, lines, error,
+                    extra_check_functions=None):
+  """Performs lint checks and reports any errors to the given error function.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: Filename of the file that is being processed.
+    file_extension: The extension (dot not included) of the file.
+    lines: An array of strings, each representing a line of the file, with the
+           last element being empty if the file is terminated with a newline.
+    error: A callable to which errors are reported, which takes 4 arguments:
+           filename, line number, error level, and message
+    extra_check_functions: An array of additional check functions that will be
+                           run on each source line. Each function takes 4
+                           arguments: filename, clean_lines, line, error
+  """
+  lines = (['// marker so line numbers and indices both start at 1'] + lines +
+           ['// marker so line numbers end in a known way'])
+
+  include_state = _IncludeState()
+  function_state = _FunctionState()
+  nesting_state = NestingState()
+
+  ResetNolintSuppressions()
+
+  CheckForCopyright(filename, lines, error)
+  ProcessGlobalSuppresions(lines)
+  RemoveMultiLineComments(filename, lines, error)
+  clean_lines = CleansedLines(lines)
+
+  if IsHeaderExtension(file_extension):
+    CheckForHeaderGuard(filename, clean_lines, error)
+
+  for line in xrange(clean_lines.NumLines()):
+    ProcessLine(filename, file_extension, clean_lines, line,
+                include_state, function_state, nesting_state, error,
+                extra_check_functions)
+    FlagCxx11Features(filename, clean_lines, line, error)
+  nesting_state.CheckCompletedBlocks(filename, error)
+
+  CheckForIncludeWhatYouUse(filename, clean_lines, include_state, error)
+
+  # Check that the .cc file has included its header if it exists.
+  if _IsSourceExtension(file_extension):
+    CheckHeaderFileIncluded(filename, include_state, error)
+
+  # We check here rather than inside ProcessLine so that we see raw
+  # lines rather than "cleaned" lines.
+  CheckForBadCharacters(filename, lines, error)
+
+  CheckForNewlineAtEOF(filename, lines, error)
+
+def ProcessConfigOverrides(filename):
+  """ Loads the configuration files and processes the config overrides.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the file being processed by the linter.
+
+  Returns:
+    False if the current |filename| should not be processed further.
+  """
+
+  abs_filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
+  cfg_filters = []
+  keep_looking = True
+  while keep_looking:
+    abs_path, base_name = os.path.split(abs_filename)
+    if not base_name:
+      break  # Reached the root directory.
+
+    cfg_file = os.path.join(abs_path, "CPPLINT.cfg")
+    abs_filename = abs_path
+    if not os.path.isfile(cfg_file):
+      continue
+
+    try:
+      with open(cfg_file) as file_handle:
+        for line in file_handle:
+          line, _, _ = line.partition('#')  # Remove comments.
+          if not line.strip():
+            continue
+
+          name, _, val = line.partition('=')
+          name = name.strip()
+          val = val.strip()
+          if name == 'set noparent':
+            keep_looking = False
+          elif name == 'filter':
+            cfg_filters.append(val)
+          elif name == 'exclude_files':
+            # When matching exclude_files pattern, use the base_name of
+            # the current file name or the directory name we are processing.
+            # For example, if we are checking for lint errors in /foo/bar/baz.cc
+            # and we found the .cfg file at /foo/CPPLINT.cfg, then the config
+            # file's "exclude_files" filter is meant to be checked against "bar"
+            # and not "baz" nor "bar/baz.cc".
+            if base_name:
+              pattern = re.compile(val)
+              if pattern.match(base_name):
+                if _cpplint_state.quiet:
+                  # Suppress "Ignoring file" warning when using --quiet.
+                  return False
+                _cpplint_state.PrintInfo('Ignoring "%s": file excluded by "%s". '
+                                 'File path component "%s" matches '
+                                 'pattern "%s"\n' %
+                                 (filename, cfg_file, base_name, val))
+                return False
+          elif name == 'linelength':
+            global _line_length
+            try:
+              _line_length = int(val)
+            except ValueError:
+              _cpplint_state.PrintError('Line length must be numeric.')
+          elif name == 'extensions':
+            global _valid_extensions
+            try:
+              extensions = [ext.strip() for ext in val.split(',')]
+              _valid_extensions = set(extensions)
+            except ValueError:
+              sys.stderr.write('Extensions should be a comma-separated list of values;'
+                               'for example: extensions=hpp,cpp\n'
+                               'This could not be parsed: "%s"' % (val,))
+          elif name == 'root':
+            global _root
+            # root directories are specified relative to CPPLINT.cfg dir.
+            _root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cfg_file), val)
+          elif name == 'headers':
+            ProcessHppHeadersOption(val)
+          else:
+            _cpplint_state.PrintError(
+                'Invalid configuration option (%s) in file %s\n' %
+                (name, cfg_file))
+
+    except IOError:
+      _cpplint_state.PrintError(
+          "Skipping config file '%s': Can't open for reading\n" % cfg_file)
+      keep_looking = False
+
+  # Apply all the accumulated filters in reverse order (top-level directory
+  # config options having the least priority).
+  for cfg_filter in reversed(cfg_filters):
+    _AddFilters(cfg_filter)
+
+  return True
+
+
+def ProcessFile(filename, vlevel, extra_check_functions=None):
+  """Does google-lint on a single file.
+
+  Args:
+    filename: The name of the file to parse.
+
+    vlevel: The level of errors to report.  Every error of confidence
+    >= verbose_level will be reported.  0 is a good default.
+
+    extra_check_functions: An array of additional check functions that will be
+                           run on each source line. Each function takes 4
+                           arguments: filename, clean_lines, line, error
+  """
+
+  _SetVerboseLevel(vlevel)
+  _BackupFilters()
+  old_errors = _cpplint_state.error_count
+
+  if not ProcessConfigOverrides(filename):
+    _RestoreFilters()
+    return
+
+  lf_lines = []
+  crlf_lines = []
+  try:
+    # Support the UNIX convention of using "-" for stdin.  Note that
+    # we are not opening the file with universal newline support
+    # (which codecs doesn't support anyway), so the resulting lines do
+    # contain trailing '\r' characters if we are reading a file that
+    # has CRLF endings.
+    # If after the split a trailing '\r' is present, it is removed
+    # below.
+    if filename == '-':
+      lines = codecs.StreamReaderWriter(sys.stdin,
+                                        codecs.getreader('utf8'),
+                                        codecs.getwriter('utf8'),
+                                        'replace').read().split('\n')
+    else:
+      lines = codecs.open(filename, 'r', 'utf8', 'replace').read().split('\n')
+
+    # Remove trailing '\r'.
+    # The -1 accounts for the extra trailing blank line we get from split()
+    for linenum in range(len(lines) - 1):
+      if lines[linenum].endswith('\r'):
+        lines[linenum] = lines[linenum].rstrip('\r')
+        crlf_lines.append(linenum + 1)
+      else:
+        lf_lines.append(linenum + 1)
+
+  except IOError:
+    _cpplint_state.PrintError(
+        "Skipping input '%s': Can't open for reading\n" % filename)
+    _RestoreFilters()
+    return
+
+  # Note, if no dot is found, this will give the entire filename as the ext.
+  file_extension = filename[filename.rfind('.') + 1:]
+
+  # When reading from stdin, the extension is unknown, so no cpplint tests
+  # should rely on the extension.
+  if filename != '-' and file_extension not in GetAllExtensions():
+    _cpplint_state.PrintError('Ignoring %s; not a valid file name '
+                     '(%s)\n' % (filename, ', '.join(GetAllExtensions())))
+  else:
+    ProcessFileData(filename, file_extension, lines, Error,
+                    extra_check_functions)
+
+    # If end-of-line sequences are a mix of LF and CR-LF, issue
+    # warnings on the lines with CR.
+    #
+    # Don't issue any warnings if all lines are uniformly LF or CR-LF,
+    # since critique can handle these just fine, and the style guide
+    # doesn't dictate a particular end of line sequence.
+    #
+    # We can't depend on os.linesep to determine what the desired
+    # end-of-line sequence should be, since that will return the
+    # server-side end-of-line sequence.
+    if lf_lines and crlf_lines:
+      # Warn on every line with CR.  An alternative approach might be to
+      # check whether the file is mostly CRLF or just LF, and warn on the
+      # minority, we bias toward LF here since most tools prefer LF.
+      for linenum in crlf_lines:
+        Error(filename, linenum, 'whitespace/newline', 1,
+              'Unexpected \\r (^M) found; better to use only \\n')
+
+  # Suppress printing anything if --quiet was passed unless the error
+  # count has increased after processing this file.
+  if not _cpplint_state.quiet or old_errors != _cpplint_state.error_count:
+    _cpplint_state.PrintInfo('Done processing %s\n' % filename)
+  _RestoreFilters()
+
+
+def PrintUsage(message):
+  """Prints a brief usage string and exits, optionally with an error message.
+
+  Args:
+    message: The optional error message.
+  """
+  sys.stderr.write(_USAGE  % (list(GetAllExtensions()),
+       ','.join(list(GetAllExtensions())),
+       GetHeaderExtensions(),
+       ','.join(GetHeaderExtensions())))
+
+  if message:
+    sys.exit('\nFATAL ERROR: ' + message)
+  else:
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+def PrintVersion():
+  sys.stdout.write('Cpplint fork (https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint)\n')
+  sys.stdout.write('cpplint ' + __VERSION__ + '\n')
+  sys.stdout.write('Python ' + sys.version + '\n')
+  sys.exit(0)
+
+def PrintCategories():
+  """Prints a list of all the error-categories used by error messages.
+
+  These are the categories used to filter messages via --filter.
+  """
+  sys.stderr.write(''.join('  %s\n' % cat for cat in _ERROR_CATEGORIES))
+  sys.exit(0)
+
+
+def ParseArguments(args):
+  """Parses the command line arguments.
+
+  This may set the output format and verbosity level as side-effects.
+
+  Args:
+    args: The command line arguments:
+
+  Returns:
+    The list of filenames to lint.
+  """
+  try:
+    (opts, filenames) = getopt.getopt(args, '', ['help', 'output=', 'verbose=',
+                                                 'v=',
+                                                 'version',
+                                                 'counting=',
+                                                 'filter=',
+                                                 'root=',
+                                                 'repository=',
+                                                 'linelength=',
+                                                 'extensions=',
+                                                 'exclude=',
+                                                 'recursive',
+                                                 'headers=',
+                                                 'quiet'])
+  except getopt.GetoptError:
+    PrintUsage('Invalid arguments.')
+
+  verbosity = _VerboseLevel()
+  output_format = _OutputFormat()
+  filters = ''
+  quiet = _Quiet()
+  counting_style = ''
+  recursive = False
+
+  for (opt, val) in opts:
+    if opt == '--help':
+      PrintUsage(None)
+    if opt == '--version':
+      PrintVersion()
+    elif opt == '--output':
+      if val not in ('emacs', 'vs7', 'eclipse', 'junit'):
+        PrintUsage('The only allowed output formats are emacs, vs7, eclipse '
+                   'and junit.')
+      output_format = val
+    elif opt == '--quiet':
+      quiet = True
+    elif opt == '--verbose' or opt == '--v':
+      verbosity = int(val)
+    elif opt == '--filter':
+      filters = val
+      if not filters:
+        PrintCategories()
+    elif opt == '--counting':
+      if val not in ('total', 'toplevel', 'detailed'):
+        PrintUsage('Valid counting options are total, toplevel, and detailed')
+      counting_style = val
+    elif opt == '--root':
+      global _root
+      _root = val
+    elif opt == '--repository':
+      global _repository
+      _repository = val
+    elif opt == '--linelength':
+      global _line_length
+      try:
+        _line_length = int(val)
+      except ValueError:
+        PrintUsage('Line length must be digits.')
+    elif opt == '--exclude':
+      global _excludes
+      if not _excludes:
+        _excludes = set()
+      _excludes.update(glob.glob(val))
+    elif opt == '--extensions':
+      global _valid_extensions
+      try:
+        _valid_extensions = set(val.split(','))
+      except ValueError:
+        PrintUsage('Extensions must be comma seperated list.')
+    elif opt == '--headers':
+      ProcessHppHeadersOption(val)
+    elif opt == '--recursive':
+      recursive = True
+
+  if not filenames:
+    PrintUsage('No files were specified.')
+
+  if recursive:
+    filenames = _ExpandDirectories(filenames)
+
+  if _excludes:
+    filenames = _FilterExcludedFiles(filenames)
+
+  _SetOutputFormat(output_format)
+  _SetQuiet(quiet)
+  _SetVerboseLevel(verbosity)
+  _SetFilters(filters)
+  _SetCountingStyle(counting_style)
+
+  return filenames
+
+def _ExpandDirectories(filenames):
+  """Searches a list of filenames and replaces directories in the list with
+  all files descending from those directories. Files with extensions not in
+  the valid extensions list are excluded.
+
+  Args:
+    filenames: A list of files or directories
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of all files that are members of filenames or descended from a
+    directory in filenames
+  """
+  expanded = set()
+  for filename in filenames:
+    if not os.path.isdir(filename):
+      expanded.add(filename)
+      continue
+
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(filename):
+      for loopfile in files:
+        fullname = os.path.join(root, loopfile)
+        if fullname.startswith('.' + os.path.sep):
+          fullname = fullname[len('.' + os.path.sep):]
+        expanded.add(fullname)
+
+  filtered = []
+  for filename in expanded:
+    if os.path.splitext(filename)[1][1:] in GetAllExtensions():
+      filtered.append(filename)
+
+  return filtered
+
+def _FilterExcludedFiles(filenames):
+  """Filters out files listed in the --exclude command line switch. File paths
+  in the switch are evaluated relative to the current working directory
+  """
+  exclude_paths = [os.path.abspath(f) for f in _excludes]
+  return [f for f in filenames if os.path.abspath(f) not in exclude_paths]
+
+def main():
+  filenames = ParseArguments(sys.argv[1:])
+  backup_err = sys.stderr
+  try:
+    # Change stderr to write with replacement characters so we don't die
+    # if we try to print something containing non-ASCII characters.
+    sys.stderr = codecs.StreamReader(sys.stderr, 'replace')
+
+    _cpplint_state.ResetErrorCounts()
+    for filename in filenames:
+      ProcessFile(filename, _cpplint_state.verbose_level)
+    # If --quiet is passed, suppress printing error count unless there are errors.
+    if not _cpplint_state.quiet or _cpplint_state.error_count > 0:
+      _cpplint_state.PrintErrorCounts()
+
+    if _cpplint_state.output_format == 'junit':
+      sys.stderr.write(_cpplint_state.FormatJUnitXML())
+
+  finally:
+    sys.stderr = backup_err
+
+  sys.exit(_cpplint_state.error_count > 0)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/third_party/cpplint/update.sh b/third_party/cpplint/update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..03b6785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/cpplint/update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+wget -N https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cpplint/cpplint/master/cpplint.py
+wget -N https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cpplint/cpplint/master/LICENSE
+wget -N https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cpplint/cpplint/master/README.rst
diff --git a/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/README.md b/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5f6192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# GDB Pretty Printer
+
+File [nlohmann-json.py](nlohmann-json.py) contains a pretty printer for GDB for JSON values of this library. It was originally published as [Gist](https://gist.github.com/ssbssa/60da5339c6e6036b2afce17de06050ea#file-nlohmann-json-py) by [Hannes Domani](https://github.com/ssbssa).
+
+## How to use
+
+- Add line
+  
+  ```
+  source /path/to/nlohmann-json.py
+  ```
+  
+  to `~/.gdbinit`. Note you must replace `/path/to` with whatever path you stored file `nlohmann-json.py`.
+- In GDB, debug as usual. When you want to pretty-print a JSON value `var`, type
+  
+  ```
+  p -pretty on -array on -- var
+  ```
+  
+  The result should look like
+  
+  ```
+    $1 = std::map with 5 elements = {
+        ["Baptiste"] = std::map with 1 element = {
+            ["first"] = "second"
+        },
+        ["Emmanuel"] = std::vector of length 3, capacity 3 = {
+            3,
+            "25",
+            0.5
+        },
+        ["Jean"] = 0.7,
+        ["Zorg"] = std::map with 8 elements = {
+            ["array"] = std::vector of length 3, capacity 3 = {
+                1,
+                0,
+                2
+            },
+            ["awesome_str"] = "bleh",
+            ["bool"] = true,
+            ["flex"] = 0.2,
+            ["float"] = 5.22,
+            ["int"] = 5,
+            ["nested"] = std::map with 1 element = {
+                ["bar"] = "barz"
+            },
+            ["trap "] = "you fell"
+        },
+        ["empty"] = nlohmann::detail::value_t::null
+    }
+    ```
+
+Tested with GDB 9.2. See [#1952](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1952) for more information. Please post questions there.
+
+## Copyright
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (C) 2020 [Hannes Domani](https://github.com/ssbssa)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/nlohmann-json.py b/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/nlohmann-json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bac45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/gdb_pretty_printer/nlohmann-json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import gdb
+import re
+
+class JsonValuePrinter:
+    "Print a json-value"
+
+    def __init__(self, val):
+        self.val = val
+
+    def to_string(self):
+        if self.val.type.strip_typedefs().code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_FLT:
+            return ("%.6f" % float(self.val)).rstrip("0")
+        return self.val
+
+def json_lookup_function(val):
+    if re.search("^nlohmann::basic_json<.*>$", val.type.strip_typedefs().name):
+        t = str(val['m_type'])
+        if t.startswith("nlohmann::detail::value_t::"):
+            try:
+                union_val = val['m_value'][t[27:]]
+                if union_val.type.code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_PTR:
+                    return gdb.default_visualizer(union_val.dereference())
+                else:
+                    return JsonValuePrinter(union_val)
+            except:
+                return JsonValuePrinter(val['m_type'])
+
+gdb.pretty_printers.append(json_lookup_function)
diff --git a/third_party/macro_builder/main.cpp b/third_party/macro_builder/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e676daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/macro_builder/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+void build_code(int max_args)
+{
+    stringstream ss;
+    ss << "#define NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND( x ) x" << endl;
+    ss << "#define NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(";
+    for (int i = 0 ; i < max_args ; i++)
+        ss << "_" << i + 1 << ", ";
+    ss << "NAME,...) NAME" << endl;
+    
+    ss << "#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(...) NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_GET_MACRO(__VA_ARGS__, \\" << endl;
+    for (int i = max_args ; i > 1 ; i--)
+        ss << "NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE" << i << ", \\" << endl;
+    ss << "NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE1)(__VA_ARGS__))" << endl;
+    
+    ss << "#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) func(v1)" << endl;
+    for (int i = 3 ; i <= max_args ; i++)
+    {
+        ss << "#define NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE" << i << "(func, "; 
+        for (int j = 1 ; j < i -1 ; j++)
+            ss << "v" << j << ", "; 
+        ss << "v" << i-1 << ") NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE2(func, v1) NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE" << i-1 << "(func, ";
+        for (int j = 2 ; j < i-1 ; j++)
+            ss << "v" << j << ", ";
+        ss << "v" << i-1 << ")" << endl;
+    }
+    
+    cout << ss.str() << endl;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) 
+{
+    int max_args = 64;
+    build_code(max_args);
+       
+    return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/wsjcpp.yml b/wsjcpp.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83f39dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wsjcpp.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+wsjcpp_version: "v0.1.1"
+cmake_minimum_required: "3.0"
+cmake_cxx_standard: "11"
+name: "nlohmann/json"
+version: "v3.10.0"
+description: "JSON for Modern C++"
+issues: "https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues"
+keywords:
+  - "c++"
+  - "json"
+
+repositories:
+  - type: main
+    url: "https://github.com/nlohmann/json"
+
+authors:
+  - name: "Niels Lohmann"
+    email: "mail@nlohmann.me"
+
+distribution:
+  - source-file: "single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp"
+    target-file: "json.hpp"
+    type: "source-code"